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141. Using calendar module perform following operations.
2           a)print the 2016 calendar with space between months as 10 character.
3           b) How many leap days between the years 1980 to 2025.
4           c) Check given year is leap year or not. 
5           d) print calendar of any specified month of the year 2016.
6Ans:
7import calendar
8for months in range(1,13):
9    print calendar.month(2016,months)
10print
11print "Leap days between 1980 to 2025:", calendar.leapdays(1980, 2026)
12print "2017 is leap year:", calendar.isleap(2017)
13print "month of 2016:",calendar.month(2016,3)
14
1542. Write a program to generate a Fibonacci series using a function called fib(n), 
16       a) where  N is user specified argument specifies number of elements in the series.
17Ans
18def fib_series(n):
19    first = 0
20    second= 1
21    
22    third = 0
23    while(n>third):
24        print first,
25        total = first + second
26        first = second
27        second = total
28        third += 1
29
30n = int(raw_input().split())
31fib_series(n)
32
3343. Write a program to search given element from the list. Use your own function to search an element from list.
34       Note: Function should receive variable length arguments and search each of these arguments present  in the  list.
35Ans:
36def findelement(list1,a):
37    if a in list1:
38        print "Element is Present"
39    else:
40        print "Element is absent"
41        
42list1 = input("Enter elements of list ")
43a= input("Enter element to be searched")
44findelement(list1,a)
45
4644. Write a program with lambda function to perform following.
47         a) Perform all the operations of basic calculator ( add, sub, multiply, divide, modulus, floor division )
48Ans:
49a, b = map(int, raw_input("Enter two numbers").split())
50add = lambda a,b: a+b
51sub = lambda a,b: a-b
52mul = lambda a,b: a*b
53div = lambda a,b: a/b
54mod = lambda a,b: a%b
55print "a+b",add(a,b)
56print "a-b",sub(a,b)
57print "a*b",mul(a,b)
58print "a/b",div(a,b)
59print "a%b",mod(a,b)
60
6145. Write a program to check given string is Palindrome or not. ( Use function Concepts and Required keyword, Default parameter concepts)
62       That is reverse the given string and check whether it is same as original string, if so then it is palindrome.
63       Example : String = "Malayalam"  reverse string = "Malayalam" hence given string is palindrome.
64Ans:
65def isPal(s):
66    if s == s[::-1]:
67        print s,"is a palindrome"
68    else:
69        print s,"is NOT a palindrome"
70s=raw_input("enter atring")
71isPal(s)
72
7346. Write a function to find the  biggest of 4 numbers.
74       a) All numbers are passed as arguments separately ( Required argument)
75       b) use default values for arguments  ( Default arguments)
76Ans:
77def biggestnum(a,b,c,d):
78    if a>=b and a>=c and a>=d:
79        print a, "is largest"
80    elif b>=a and b>=c and b>=d:
81        print b ,"is largest"
82    elif c>=a and c>=b and c>=d:
83        print c, "is largest"
84    else:
85        print d, "is largest"
86
87biggestnum(43,56,2,76)
88
8947. Write function to extend the tuple with elements of list. Pass list and Tuple as parameter to the function.
90Ans:
91def tup_extend(tup1,list1):
92    tup3 = tup1+tuple(list1)
93    print tup3
94tup1=(1,'hello',2,'paris')
95list1=[3,'world',4,'tour']
96tup_extend(tup1,list1)
9748. Create a Calculator with the following functions.
98
99      a) Addition/subtraction/multiplication and division of two numbers 
100         ( Note: Create separate function for each operation )
101      b) Find square root of a given number.( Use keyword arguments in your function)
102      c) Create a list of sub strings from a given string, such that sub strings are created with given character.
103           That is, 
104               string = "Pack: My: Box: With: Good: Food"
105          Create sub strings with the delimiter character ":" such that the following sub strings are created.
106                  substrlist=[Pack, My, Box, With, Good, Food]
107           Note : Function should take at least 2 parameters ( Main string and delimiter character)
108                          return value from function will be list of substring.
109Ans:
110import math
111a, b = map(int, raw_input("Enter two numbers").split())
112add = lambda a,b: a+b
113sub = lambda a,b: a-b
114mul = lambda a,b: a*b
115div = lambda a,b: a/b
116mod = lambda a,b: a%b
117print "a+b",add(a,b)
118print "a-b",sub(a,b)
119print "a*b",mul(a,b)
120print "a/b",div(a,b)
121print "a%b",mod(a,b)
122
123n = float(raw_input("Enter number whose sqroot is to be found:"))
124sqroot = lambda n: math.sqrt(n)
125print "sqrt(n)", sqroot(n)
126
127string = "Pack: My: Box: With: Good: Food"
128def substrlist(string, deli):
129    return string.split(deli)
130print substrlist(string, ": ")
131
13249. Write a program to perform  following file operations
133a) Open the file in read mode and read all its contents on to STDOUT.
134b) Open the file in write mode and enter 5 new lines of strings in to the new file.
135c) Open file in Append mode and add 5 lines of text into it.
136Ans:
137myfile = open("output.txt", "r")
138print myfile.read()
139myfile.close()
140
141myfile = open("sample.txt", "w")
142myfile.write("My name is Pranav")
143myfile.write("working on python")
144myfile.write("to enhance my skills")
145myfile.write("Saturday is a holiday")
146myfile.write("Sunday too is a holiday")
147myfile.close()
148
149myfile = open("output.txt", "a")
150myfile.write("My name is Pranav")
151myfile.write("working on python")
152myfile.write("to enhance my skills")
153myfile.write("Saturday is a holiday")
154myfile.write("Sunday too is a holiday")
155myfile.close()
156
15750. Write a program to open the existing file in read mode and perform following tasks,
158      a) Rad 10 character at a time and then print its current position of file object. Repeat this operation till the EOF.
159        b) Reset the file pointer after reading 100 Character from file ( Use Seek function to reset)
160        c) Open the file in read mode and start printing the contents from 5th line onwards.
161Ans:
162#a
163myfile = open("output.txt", "r")
164pointer = 0
165while(True):
166    c = myfile.read(10)
167    if not c:
168        break
169    else:
170        print c
171        pointer += 10
172        print pointer
173#b
174myfile = open("output.txt", "r")
175pointer = 0
176while(pointer<100):
177    c = myfile.read(10)
178    if not c:
179        break
180    else:
181        print c
182        pointer += 10
183        print pointer
184        
185myfile.seek(0,0)
186print myfile.read(10)
187#c
188myfile = open("output.txt", "r")
189for i in range(5):
190    myfile.readline()
191    
192for line in myfile:
193    print line
194
19551. In a given directory search all text files for the pattern "Treasure". 
196       a) Find how many text file has the pattern.
197       b) Count how many times pattern repeats in each file
198
199  Note : Create at least 4 text file in a directory and keep the pattern in at least 2 files.
200             Repeat the pattern in the file many times.
201Ans:
202import glob
203import re
204total = 0
205for present in glob.glob("*.txt"):
206    myfile = open(present, "r")
207    strlist = myfile.read().split()
208    for i in range(len(strlist)):
209        string = re.sub(r'[?|$|.|!]',r'', strlist[i])
210        strlist[i] = string
211    if "Treasure" in strlist:
212        print present, strlist.count("Treasure")
213        total += strlist.count("Treasure")
214    else:
215        print present, 0
216    myfile.close()
217        
218print "Total count:", total
219
22052. Open existing text file and reverse its contents. i.e
221          a) print the last line as first line and first line as last line ( Reverse the lines of the file )
222          b) print characters of file from last character of file till the first character of the file.(Reverse entire contents of  file )
223Ans:
224#a
225strlist = list()
226for line in reversed(open("filename").readlines()):
227    print line.rstrip()
228    strlist.append(line.rstrip())
229 #b   
230for string in strlist:
231    print string[::-1]
232
23353. Open the file is read & write mode and apply following  functions
234         a) All 13 functions mentioned in Tutorial File object table.
235Ans:
236print "Enter file name to perform operations"
237fname=raw_input()
238f=open(fname,'rb+')
239print "***Name of file-->",f.name
240print "***File descriptor no.-->",f.fileno()
241print "***is file associated with terminal-->>",f.isatty()
242print "***Next line1 print-->",f.next()
243print "***Next line2 print-->",f.next()
244f.flush()
245f.close()
246#
247f=f=open(fname,'rb+')
248print "***read entire file:"
249print f.read()
250f.close()
251#
252f=f=open(fname,'rb+')
253print "***read first five chars frm file:"
254print f.read(5)
255f.close()
256#
257f=f=open(fname,'rb+')
258print "***readline***->:"
259print "Output of f.readline()-->",f.readline()
260print "Output of f.readlines()-->",f.readlines()
261f.close()
262#
263f=f=open(fname,'rb+')
264f.seek(0,2)
265str="Hello"
266f.write( str )
267f.seek(0,2)
268seq=["line new1","line new2"]
269f.writelines(seq)
270f.close()
271#
272f=f=open(fname,'rb+')
273print("Output after adding new line-->")
274print f.read()
275f.truncate()
276print "Output after truncate-->",f.readline()
277f.close()
27854. Write a program to handle the following exceptions in you program.
279           a) KeyboardInterrupt,
280           b) NameError 
281           c) ArithmeticError
282    Note : make use of  Try, except, else: statements.
283Ans:
284#a
285import time
286try:
287    while(True):
288        time.sleep(1)
289        print 1
290except KeyboardInterrupt:
291    print "KeyboardInterrupt"
292#b
293try:
294    name = input("Enter your name:")
295    print "Hello"+ name
296except NameError:
297    print "NameError"
298output:
299Enter your name:Pranav
300>>>NameError
301Enter your name:”Pranav”
302>>>HelloPranav
303
304
305#c
306try:
307    c = 23/0
308except ArithmeticError:
309    print " ArithmeticError "
310
31155. Write a program for converting weight from Pound to Kilo grams.
312       a)  Use assertion for the negative weight.
313       b) Use assertion to weight more than 100 KG
314Ans:
315#a
316def PoundToKg(pound):
317    try:
318        assert (pound>=0), "Negative weight not allowed"
319        return pound*0.453592
320    except AssertionError, e:
321        return e
322    
323print PoundToKg(1233)
324print PoundToKg(-123)
325#b
326def PoundToKg(pound):
327    try:
328        assert (pound>=100), "Weight should be more than or equal to 100"
329        return pound*0.453592
330    except AssertionError, e:
331        return e
332    
333print PoundToKg(98)
334print PoundToKg(231)
335
33656. Write a program to handle following exceptions using Try block.
337      a) IO Error while you try writing contents into the file that is opened in read mode only.
338      b) ValueError
339Ans:
340#a
341try:
342    myfile = open("Sample.txt", "r")
343    print myfile.read()
344except IOError:
345    print "Writing mode is not allowed"
346#b
347try:
348    n = int(input("Enter value:"))
349except ValueError:
350    print "ValueError"
351output:
352>>>Enter value:”programmer”
353>>>ValueError
354
35557. From the Standard Exception Table of Tutorials: Try implementing all (25 ) exceptions in you program.
356      Note: Some exceptions might not work on your system.
357Ans:
358import math
359import sys
360import time
361#Exception
362try:
363    op=2/b
364except Exception:
365    print"Exception"
366#Standard error
367try:
368    f=open("xyz.txt",r)
369except StandardError:
370    print "Standard error:No file exists"
371
372#Arithmetic error
373try:
374    a=9/0
375except ArithmeticError:
376    print "Arithmetic error exception"
377
378#StopIteration
379try:
380    f=open('abc.txt','r')
381    for i in range(1,100):
382        print f.next()
383except StopIteration:
384    print "Stop Iteration Exception"
385f.close()
386#Systemexit
387try:
388    sys.exit()
389except SystemExit:
390    print "system exit exception"
391
392
393#Overflow error
394try:
395    a=math.exp(-5/3*5251321)
396except OverflowError:
397    print "Overflow error exception"
398
399#Value error
400try:
401    a=math.sqrt(-5/3)
402except ValueError:
403    print "ValueError"
404
405#Overflow error
406try:
407    a=math.exp(-2*100000000000000*123456)
408except OverflowError:
409    print "overflowerrror" 
410#Zero division error
411try:
412    a=2/0
413except ZeroDivisionError:
414    print "Zero Division exception"
415
416#AssertionErrror
417try:
418    a=123
419    assert (a<50),"assertion error"
420except AssertionError:
421    print "Assertion error"
422#Attribute Error
423try:
424    raise AttributeError
425except AttributeError:
426    print "Attribute error"    
427#EOF error
428try:
429    f=open("abc.txt",'r')
430    f.read()
431except EOFError:
432    print "EOF error"
433
434#import error
435try:
436    import asdf
437except ImportError:
438    print "Import error exception"
439
440
441
442#look up error
443dict = {'asdf':'txt'}
444try:
445    print dict['in']
446except LookupError:
447    print 'Lookup error' 
448#index error
449try:
450    l1=[1,2,3]
451    print l1[8]
452except IndexError:
453    print "IndexOutofbound"
454
455#name error:
456try:
457    print d
458except NameError:
459    print "Name Error"  
460    
461#keyboard interrupt
462
463try:
464    x=input()
465    time.sleep(5)
466except KeyboardInterrupt:
467    print "Keyboard interrupt"
468
469#KeyError
470try:
471    print dict['a']
472except:
473    print 'Key Error'
474
475#Unbound Local Error
476try:
477    raise UnboundLocalError
478except UnboundLocalError:
479    print 'UnboundLocalError!'
480#IOError
481try:
482    f = open('asdf.txt', 'r')
483    f.write('something')
484except IOError:
485    print 'IOError!'
486
487#SyntaxError
488try:
489    raise SyntaxError
490except SyntaxError:
491    print 'Syntax Error !'
492
493#TypeError
494try:
495    a = 'string'
496    a = a-2
497except TypeError:
498    print 'Type Error'
499
500#ValueError
501try:
502    a = 'string'
503    print int(a)
504except ValueError:
505    print 'Value Error'
506
507#Runtime Error
508try:
509    raise RuntimeError
510except RuntimeError:
511    print 'Runtime Error occured !' 
512
51358. Create file called  "calc.py" which has following functions
514             i) functions to add 2 numbers
515             ii)  function to find diff of 2 numbers
516            iii) function to multiply 2 numbers
517           iv) all maths operations ( Sqrt, div, floor div, modulus, primnumber)
518           v) Fibonacci series
519        
520        a) Write a new program in file "maths.py" such that you import functions of file "calc.py" to your new program
521        b) Use From <module> import <function> statement to import only few function  from calc module.
522Ans:
523#calc.py
524from __future__ import division
525import math
526
527def add(a,b):
528    print "a+b:", a+b
529    
530def diff(a,b):
531    print "a-b:", a-b
532    
533def multiply(a,b):
534    print "a*b:", a*b
535    
536def sqroot(a):
537    print "sqrt(a)", math.sqrt(a)
538    
539def floor_div(a,b):
540    print "a//b:", a//b
541    
542def division(a,b):
543    print "a/b:", a/b
544    
545def fib_series(n):
546    first = 0
547    second= 1
548    
549    third = 0
550    while(n>third):
551        print first,
552        total = first + second
553        first = second
554        second = total
555        third += 1
556
557n = int(raw_input().split())
558fib_series(n)
559
560def isprime(n):
561    for i in range(2,):
562        if n%i==0:
563            print n,"not prime"
564            break
565        else:
566            print n,"is prime"
567            break
568n=int(raw_input())        
569isprime(n)        
570
571#math.py
572from calc import*
573add(23,15)
574diff(45,12)
575multiply(3,4)
576sqroot(25)
577floor_div(9,2)
578division(5,4)
579fib_series(10)
580print "prime_check:", isprime(10)
581
58259. Create file called  "stringop.py" which has following functions
583             i) functions to sort numbers( Use loops for  sorting, do not use built in function)
584             ii)  function to search given element through binary search method.
585                 ( Refer to net for the Binary search algorithm)
586            iii) function to reverse the given string 
587        
588         Write new program in file strpackage.py such that you import functions of file  "stringop.py" to your new program
589Ans:
590#stringop.py
591def list_sort(arr):
592    for i in range(len(arr)-1):
593        for j in range(len(arr)-1):
594            if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
595                temp = arr[j]
596                arr[j] = arr[j+1]
597                arr[j+1] = temp
598    print "Sorted:", arr
599    
600def binarySearch(list1, item):
601    list1.sort()
602    first = 0
603    last = len(list1)-1
604    found = False
605    
606    while first<=last and not found:
607        midpoint = (first+last)/2
608        if list1[midpoint] == item:
609            found = True
610            return found
611        else:
612            if item < list1[midpoint]:
613                last = midpoint-1
614            else:
615                first = midpoint+1
616    return found
617
618def list_rev(l):
619    print l.reverse()
620    print "reversed:", l
621
622# strpackage.py
623from stringop import*
624list_sort([23,81,42,51,31])
625print "binarySearch([23,81,42,51,31]):", binarySearch([23,81,42,51,31])
626list_rev([23,81,42,51,31])
627output:
628Sorted: [23, 31, 42, 51, 81]
629binarySearch([23,81,42,51,31],51): True
630None
631reversed: [81, 51, 42, 31, 23]