rD3LAXdU

1% THIS IS SIGPROC-SP.TEX - VERSION 3.1
2% WORKS WITH V3.2SP OF ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP.CLS
3% APRIL 2009
4%
5% It is an example file showing how to use the 'acm_proc_article-sp.cls' V3.2SP
6% LaTeX2e document class file for Conference Proceedings submissions.
7% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8% This .tex file (and associated .cls V3.2SP) *DOES NOT* produce:
9%       1) The Permission Statement
10%       2) The Conference (location) Info information
11%       3) The Copyright Line with ACM data
12%       4) Page numbering
13% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14% It is an example which *does* use the .bib file (from which the .bbl file
15% is produced).
16% REMEMBER HOWEVER: After having produced the .bbl file,
17% and prior to final submission,
18% you need to 'insert'  your .bbl file into your source .tex file so as to provide
19% ONE 'self-contained' source file.
20%
21% Questions regarding SIGS should be sent to
22% Adrienne Griscti ---> griscti@acm.org
23%
24% Questions/suggestions regarding the guidelines, .tex and .cls files, etc. to
25% Gerald Murray ---> murray@hq.acm.org
26%
27% For tracking purposes - this is V3.1SP - APRIL 2009
28
29\documentclass{acm_proc_article-sp}
30
31\begin{document}
32
33\title{A Sample {\ttlit ACM} SIG Proceedings Paper in LaTeX
34Format\titlenote{(Does NOT produce the permission block, copyright information nor page numbering). For use with ACM\_PROC\_ARTICLE-SP.CLS. Supported by ACM.}}
35\subtitle{[Extended Abstract]
36\titlenote{A full version of this paper is available as
37\textit{Author's Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using
38\LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX} at
39\texttt{www.acm.org/eaddress.htm}}}
40%
41% You need the command \numberofauthors to handle the 'placement
42% and alignment' of the authors beneath the title.
43%
44% For aesthetic reasons, we recommend 'three authors at a time'
45% i.e. three 'name/affiliation blocks' be placed beneath the title.
46%
47% NOTE: You are NOT restricted in how many 'rows' of
48% "name/affiliations" may appear. We just ask that you restrict
49% the number of 'columns' to three.
50%
51% Because of the available 'opening page real-estate'
52% we ask you to refrain from putting more than six authors
53% (two rows with three columns) beneath the article title.
54% More than six makes the first-page appear very cluttered indeed.
55%
56% Use the \alignauthor commands to handle the names
57% and affiliations for an 'aesthetic maximum' of six authors.
58% Add names, affiliations, addresses for
59% the seventh etc. author(s) as the argument for the
60% \additionalauthors command.
61% These 'additional authors' will be output/set for you
62% without further effort on your part as the last section in
63% the body of your article BEFORE References or any Appendices.
64
65\numberofauthors{8} %  in this sample file, there are a *total*
66% of EIGHT authors. SIX appear on the 'first-page' (for formatting
67% reasons) and the remaining two appear in the \additionalauthors section.
68%
69\author{
70% You can go ahead and credit any number of authors here,
71% e.g. one 'row of three' or two rows (consisting of one row of three
72% and a second row of one, two or three).
73%
74% The command \alignauthor (no curly braces needed) should
75% precede each author name, affiliation/snail-mail address and
76% e-mail address. Additionally, tag each line of
77% affiliation/address with \affaddr, and tag the
78% e-mail address with \email.
79%
80% 1st. author
81\alignauthor
82Ben Trovato\titlenote{Dr.~Trovato insisted his name be first.}\\
83       \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
84       \affaddr{1932 Wallamaloo Lane}\\
85       \affaddr{Wallamaloo, New Zealand}\\
86       \email{trovato@corporation.com}
87% 2nd. author
88\alignauthor
89G.K.M. Tobin\titlenote{The secretary disavows
90any knowledge of this author's actions.}\\
91       \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
92       \affaddr{P.O. Box 1212}\\
93       \affaddr{Dublin, Ohio 43017-6221}\\
94       \email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
95% 3rd. author
96\alignauthor Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld\titlenote{This author is the
97one who did all the really hard work.}\\
98       \affaddr{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}\\
99       \affaddr{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}\\
100       \affaddr{Hekla, Iceland}\\
101       \email{larst@affiliation.org}
102\and  % use '\and' if you need 'another row' of author names
103% 4th. author
104\alignauthor Lawrence P. Leipuner\\
105       \affaddr{Brookhaven Laboratories}\\
106       \affaddr{Brookhaven National Lab}\\
107       \affaddr{P.O. Box 5000}\\
108       \email{lleipuner@researchlabs.org}
109% 5th. author
110\alignauthor Sean Fogarty\\
111       \affaddr{NASA Ames Research Center}\\
112       \affaddr{Moffett Field}\\
113       \affaddr{California 94035}\\
114       \email{fogartys@amesres.org}
115% 6th. author
116\alignauthor Charles Palmer\\
117       \affaddr{Palmer Research Laboratories}\\
118       \affaddr{8600 Datapoint Drive}\\
119       \affaddr{San Antonio, Texas 78229}\\
120       \email{cpalmer@prl.com}
121}
122% There's nothing stopping you putting the seventh, eighth, etc.
123% author on the opening page (as the 'third row') but we ask,
124% for aesthetic reasons that you place these 'additional authors'
125% in the \additional authors block, viz.
126\additionalauthors{Additional authors: John Smith (The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group,
127email: {\texttt{jsmith@affiliation.org}}) and Julius P.~Kumquat
128(The Kumquat Consortium, email: {\texttt{jpkumquat@consortium.net}}).}
129\date{30 July 1999}
130% Just remember to make sure that the TOTAL number of authors
131% is the number that will appear on the first page PLUS the
132% number that will appear in the \additionalauthors section.
133
134\maketitle
135\begin{abstract}
136This paper provides a sample of a \LaTeX\ document which conforms to
137the formatting guidelines for ACM SIG Proceedings.
138It complements the document \textit{Author's Guide to Preparing
139ACM SIG Proceedings Using \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and Bib\TeX}. This
140source file has been written with the intention of being
141compiled under \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX.
142
143The developers have tried to include every imaginable sort
144of ``bells and whistles", such as a subtitle, footnotes on
145title, subtitle and authors, as well as in the text, and
146every optional component (e.g. Acknowledgments, Additional
147Authors, Appendices), not to mention examples of
148equations, theorems, tables and figures.
149
150To make best use of this sample document, run it through \LaTeX\
151and BibTeX, and compare this source code with the printed
152output produced by the dvi file.
153\end{abstract}
154
155% A category with the (minimum) three required fields
156\category{H.4}{Information Systems Applications}{Miscellaneous}
157%A category including the fourth, optional field follows...
158\category{D.2.8}{Software Engineering}{Metrics}[complexity measures, performance measures]
159
160\terms{Theory}
161
162\keywords{ACM proceedings, \LaTeX, text tagging} % NOT required for Proceedings
163
164\section{Introduction}
165The \textit{proceedings} are the records of a conference.
166ACM seeks to give these conference by-products a uniform,
167high-quality appearance.  To do this, ACM has some rigid
168requirements for the format of the proceedings documents: there
169is a specified format (balanced  double columns), a specified
170set of fonts (Arial or Helvetica and Times Roman) in
171certain specified sizes (for instance, 9 point for body copy),
172a specified live area (18 $\times$ 23.5 cm [7" $\times$ 9.25"]) centered on
173the page, specified size of margins (1.9 cm [0.75"]) top, (2.54 cm [1"]) bottom
174and (1.9 cm [.75"]) left and right; specified column width
175(8.45 cm [3.33"]) and gutter size (.83 cm [.33"]).
176
177The good news is, with only a handful of manual
178settings\footnote{Two of these, the {\texttt{\char'134 numberofauthors}}
179and {\texttt{\char'134 alignauthor}} commands, you have
180already used; another, {\texttt{\char'134 balancecolumns}}, will
181be used in your very last run of \LaTeX\ to ensure
182balanced column heights on the last page.}, the \LaTeX\ document
183class file handles all of this for you.
184
185The remainder of this document is concerned with showing, in
186the context of an ``actual'' document, the \LaTeX\ commands
187specifically available for denoting the structure of a
188proceedings paper, rather than with giving rigorous descriptions
189or explanations of such commands.
190
191\section{The {\secit Body} of The Paper}
192Typically, the body of a paper is organized
193into a hierarchical structure, with numbered or unnumbered
194headings for sections, subsections, sub-subsections, and even
195smaller sections.  The command \texttt{{\char'134}section} that
196precedes this paragraph is part of such a
197hierarchy.\footnote{This is the second footnote.  It
198starts a series of three footnotes that add nothing
199informational, but just give an idea of how footnotes work
200and look. It is a wordy one, just so you see
201how a longish one plays out.} \LaTeX\ handles the numbering
202and placement of these headings for you, when you use
203the appropriate heading commands around the titles
204of the headings.  If you want a sub-subsection or
205smaller part to be unnumbered in your output, simply append an
206asterisk to the command name.  Examples of both
207numbered and unnumbered headings will appear throughout the
208balance of this sample document.
209
210Because the entire article is contained in
211the \textbf{document} environment, you can indicate the
212start of a new paragraph with a blank line in your
213input file; that is why this sentence forms a separate paragraph.
214
215\subsection{Type Changes and {\subsecit Special} Characters}
216We have already seen several typeface changes in this sample.  You
217can indicate italicized words or phrases in your text with
218the command \texttt{{\char'134}textit}; emboldening with the
219command \texttt{{\char'134}textbf}
220and typewriter-style (for instance, for computer code) with
221\texttt{{\char'134}texttt}.  But remember, you do not
222have to indicate typestyle changes when such changes are
223part of the \textit{structural} elements of your
224article; for instance, the heading of this subsection will
225be in a sans serif\footnote{A third footnote, here.
226Let's make this a rather short one to
227see how it looks.} typeface, but that is handled by the
228document class file. Take care with the use
229of\footnote{A fourth, and last, footnote.}
230the curly braces in typeface changes; they mark
231the beginning and end of
232the text that is to be in the different typeface.
233
234You can use whatever symbols, accented characters, or
235non-English characters you need anywhere in your document;
236you can find a complete list of what is
237available in the \textit{\LaTeX\
238User's Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
239
240\subsection{Math Equations}
241You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
242inline, numbered or non-numbered display.  Each of
243the three are discussed in the next sections.
244
245\subsubsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
246A formula that appears in the running text is called an
247inline or in-text formula.  It is produced by the
248\textbf{math} environment, which can be
249invoked with the usual \texttt{{\char'134}begin. . .{\char'134}end}
250construction or with the short form \texttt{\$. . .\$}. You
251can use any of the symbols and structures,
252from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
253\LaTeX\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a
254few examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how
255this equation: \begin{math}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{math},
256set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
257set in display style.  (See next section).
258
259\subsubsection{Display Equations}
260A numbered display equation -- one set off by vertical space
261from the text and centered horizontally -- is produced
262by the \textbf{equation} environment. An unnumbered display
263equation is produced by the \textbf{displaymath} environment.
264
265Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols
266and structures available in \LaTeX; this section will just
267give a couple of examples of display equations in context.
268First, consider the equation, shown as an inline equation above:
269\begin{equation}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{equation}
270Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
271the \textbf{displaymath}
272environment.  Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
273\begin{displaymath}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1\end{displaymath}
274and follow it with another numbered equation:
275\begin{equation}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f\end{equation}
276just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
277
278\subsection{Citations}
279Citations to articles \cite{bowman:reasoning, clark:pct, braams:babel, herlihy:methodology},
280conference
281proceedings \cite{clark:pct} or books \cite{salas:calculus, Lamport:LaTeX} listed
282in the Bibliography section of your
283article will occur throughout the text of your article.
284You should use BibTeX to automatically produce this bibliography;
285you simply need to insert one of several citation commands with
286a key of the item cited in the proper location in
287the \texttt{.tex} file \cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
288The key is a short reference you invent to uniquely
289identify each work; in this sample document, the key is
290the first author's surname and a
291word from the title.  This identifying key is included
292with each item in the \texttt{.bib} file for your article.
293
294The details of the construction of the \texttt{.bib} file
295are beyond the scope of this sample document, but more
296information can be found in the \textit{Author's Guide},
297and exhaustive details in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's
298Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
299
300This article shows only the plainest form
301of the citation command, using \texttt{{\char'134}cite}.
302This is what is stipulated in the SIGS style specifications.
303No other citation format is endorsed.
304
305\subsection{Tables}
306Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best
307placement for them is typically the top of the page
308nearest their initial cite.  To
309ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
310environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and
311the table caption.  The contents of the table itself must go
312in the \textbf{tabular} environment, to
313be aligned properly in rows and columns, with the desired
314horizontal and vertical rules.  Again, detailed instructions
315on \textbf{tabular} material
316is found in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
317
318Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
319Table 1 is included in the input file; compare the
320placement of the table here with the table in the printed
321dvi output of this document.
322
323\begin{table}
324\centering
325\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
326\begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
327Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\ \hline
328\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\ \hline
329$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\ \hline
330\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\ \hline
331$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
332\hline\end{tabular}
333\end{table}
334
335To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of
336the page's live area, use the environment
337\textbf{table*} to enclose the table's contents and
338the table caption.  As with a single-column table, this wide
339table will ``float" to a location deemed more desirable.
340Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
341Table 2 is included in the input file; again, it is
342instructive to compare the placement of the
343table here with the table in the printed dvi
344output of this document.
345
346
347\begin{table*}
348\centering
349\caption{Some Typical Commands}
350\begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
351Command&A Number&Comments\\ \hline
352\texttt{{\char'134}alignauthor} & 100& Author alignment\\ \hline
353\texttt{{\char'134}numberofauthors}& 200& Author enumeration\\ \hline
354\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\ \hline
355\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\ \hline\end{tabular}
356\end{table*}
357% end the environment with {table*}, NOTE not {table}!
358
359\subsection{Figures}
360Like tables, figures cannot be split across pages; the
361best placement for them
362is typically the top or the bottom of the page nearest
363their initial cite.  To ensure this proper ``floating'' placement
364of figures, use the environment
365\textbf{figure} to enclose the figure and its caption.
366
367This sample document contains examples of \textbf{.eps}
368and \textbf{.ps} files to be displayable with \LaTeX.  More
369details on each of these is found in the \textit{Author's Guide}.
370
371\begin{figure}
372\centering
373\epsfig{file=fly.eps}
374\caption{A sample black and white graphic (.eps format).}
375\end{figure}
376
377\begin{figure}
378\centering
379\epsfig{file=fly.eps, height=1in, width=1in}
380\caption{A sample black and white graphic (.eps format)
381that has been resized with the \texttt{epsfig} command.}
382\end{figure}
383
384
385As was the case with tables, you may want a figure
386that spans two columns.  To do this, and still to
387ensure proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the environment
388\textbf{figure*} to enclose the figure and its caption.
389
390Note that either {\textbf{.ps}} or {\textbf{.eps}} formats are
391used; use
392the \texttt{{\char'134}epsfig} or \texttt{{\char'134}psfig}
393commands as appropriate for the different file types.
394
395\subsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
396Other common constructs that may occur in your article are
397the forms for logical constructs like theorems, axioms,
398corollaries and proofs.  There are
399two forms, one produced by the
400command \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} and the
401other by the command \texttt{{\char'134}newdef}; perhaps
402the clearest and easiest way to distinguish them is
403to compare the two in the output of this sample document:
404
405This uses the \textbf{theorem} environment, created by
406the\linebreak\texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} command:
407\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
408\begin{theorem}
409Let $f$ be continuous on $[a,b]$.  If $G$ is
410an antiderivative for $f$ on $[a,b]$, then
411\begin{displaymath}\int^b_af(t)dt = G(b) - G(a).\end{displaymath}
412\end{theorem}
413
414The other uses the \textbf{definition} environment, created
415by the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command:
416\newdef{definition}{Definition}
417\begin{definition}
418If $z$ is irrational, then by $e^z$ we mean the
419unique number which has
420logarithm $z$: \begin{displaymath}{\log e^z = z}\end{displaymath}
421\end{definition}
422
423\begin{figure}
424\centering
425\psfig{file=rosette.ps, height=1in, width=1in,}
426\caption{A sample black and white graphic (.ps format) that has
427been resized with the \texttt{psfig} command.}
428\end{figure}
429
430Two lists of constructs that use one of these
431forms is given in the
432\textit{Author's  Guidelines}.
433
434\begin{figure*}
435\centering
436\epsfig{file=flies.eps}
437\caption{A sample black and white graphic (.eps format)
438that needs to span two columns of text.}
439\end{figure*}
440and don't forget to end the environment with
441{figure*}, not {figure}!
442 
443There is one other similar construct environment, which is
444already set up
445for you; i.e. you must \textit{not} use
446a \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to
447create it: the \textbf{proof} environment.  Here
448is a example of its use:
449\begin{proof}
450Suppose on the contrary there exists a real number $L$ such that
451\begin{displaymath}
452\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = L.
453\end{displaymath}
454Then
455\begin{displaymath}
456l=\lim_{x\rightarrow c} f(x)
457= \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
458\left[ g{x} \cdot \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right ]
459= \lim_{x\rightarrow c} g(x) \cdot \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
460\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = 0\cdot L = 0,
461\end{displaymath}
462which contradicts our assumption that $l\neq 0$.
463\end{proof}
464
465Complete rules about using these environments and using the
466two different creation commands are in the
467\textit{Author's Guide}; please consult it for more
468detailed instructions.  If you need to use another construct,
469not listed therein, which you want to have the same
470formatting as the Theorem
471or the Definition\cite{salas:calculus} shown above,
472use the \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} or the
473\texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command,
474respectively, to create it.
475
476\subsection*{A {\secit Caveat} for the \TeX\ Expert}
477Because you have just been given permission to
478use the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to create a
479new form, you might think you can
480use \TeX's \texttt{{\char'134}def} to create a
481new command: \textit{Please refrain from doing this!}
482Remember that your \LaTeX\ source code is primarily intended
483to create camera-ready copy, but may be converted
484to other forms -- e.g. HTML. If you inadvertently omit
485some or all of the \texttt{{\char'134}def}s recompilation will
486be, to say the least, problematic.
487
488\section{Conclusions}
489This paragraph will end the body of this sample document.
490Remember that you might still have Acknowledgments or
491Appendices; brief samples of these
492follow.  There is still the Bibliography to deal with; and
493we will make a disclaimer about that here: with the exception
494of the reference to the \LaTeX\ book, the citations in
495this paper are to articles which have nothing to
496do with the present subject and are used as
497examples only.
498%\end{document}  % This is where a 'short' article might terminate
499
500%ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are optional
501\section{Acknowledgments}
502This section is optional; it is a location for you
503to acknowledge grants, funding, editing assistance and
504what have you.  In the present case, for example, the
505authors would like to thank Gerald Murray of ACM for
506his help in codifying this \textit{Author's Guide}
507and the \textbf{.cls} and \textbf{.tex} files that it describes.
508
509%
510% The following two commands are all you need in the
511% initial runs of your .tex file to
512% produce the bibliography for the citations in your paper.
513\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
514\bibliography{sigproc}  % sigproc.bib is the name of the Bibliography in this case
515% You must have a proper ".bib" file
516%  and remember to run:
517% latex bibtex latex latex
518% to resolve all references
519%
520% ACM needs 'a single self-contained file'!
521%
522%APPENDICES are optional
523%\balancecolumns
524\appendix
525%Appendix A
526\section{Headings in Appendices}
527The rules about hierarchical headings discussed above for
528the body of the article are different in the appendices.
529In the \textbf{appendix} environment, the command
530\textbf{section} is used to
531indicate the start of each Appendix, with alphabetic order
532designation (i.e. the first is A, the second B, etc.) and
533a title (if you include one).  So, if you need
534hierarchical structure
535\textit{within} an Appendix, start with \textbf{subsection} as the
536highest level. Here is an outline of the body of this
537document in Appendix-appropriate form:
538\subsection{Introduction}
539\subsection{The Body of the Paper}
540\subsubsection{Type Changes and  Special Characters}
541\subsubsection{Math Equations}
542\paragraph{Inline (In-text) Equations}
543\paragraph{Display Equations}
544\subsubsection{Citations}
545\subsubsection{Tables}
546\subsubsection{Figures}
547\subsubsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
548\subsubsection*{A Caveat for the \TeX\ Expert}
549\subsection{Conclusions}
550\subsection{Acknowledgments}
551\subsection{Additional Authors}
552This section is inserted by \LaTeX; you do not insert it.
553You just add the names and information in the
554\texttt{{\char'134}additionalauthors} command at the start
555of the document.
556\subsection{References}
557Generated by bibtex from your ~.bib file.  Run latex,
558then bibtex, then latex twice (to resolve references)
559to create the ~.bbl file.  Insert that ~.bbl file into
560the .tex source file and comment out
561the command \texttt{{\char'134}thebibliography}.
562% This next section command marks the start of
563% Appendix B, and does not continue the present hierarchy
564\section{More Help for the Hardy}
565The acm\_proc\_article-sp document class file itself is chock-full of succinct
566and helpful comments.  If you consider yourself a moderately
567experienced to expert user of \LaTeX, you may find reading
568it useful but please remember not to change it.
569\balancecolumns
570% That's all folks!
571\end{document}