· 8 years ago · Mar 06, 2018, 12:10 AM
1Rejistanian is designed to be the auxilliary language of the fictional
2nation of Rejistania. Thus the grammar is simple, but this does not mean
3that the language poses no challenges or insights to the learner. It is not
4a simple re-work of Esperanto.
5
6Lines which start with a | are out of character notes from Mechthild.
7
8Pronouncing Rejistanian:
9
10There is no definite pronunciation of Rejistanian, the Academy of the
11Rejistanian Language gives guidelines but the different dialects often
12change these guidelines somewhat. pronunciation is however most of the time
13deterministic: Every letter maps to one sound and every sound maps to one
14letter. While Rejistanian has a unique alphabet, it can be mapped into ASCII
15losslessly.
16
17This table lists the pronuncation guide of the Academy of the rejistanian
18language (AoRL) and the KaMaRian pronunciation.
19
20| KaMaRi or Kalimnintan-Maiju-Riandu is the economic and cultural capital of
21| Rejistania. The actual capital of Rejistania, which is located in the
22| center of the country is not much more than a bigger village or small
23| town.
24
25Letter AoRL KaMaRi notes
26Vowels:
27 a a a
28 e e e / 6 in KaMaRi: 6 in final position
29 i i I / i in KaMaRi: I in initial position
30 o o Q
31 u u U\
32 y aI aI
33Xihim-consonants (xihim means half):
34 h h h / ? in KaMaRi: ? in semiinitial position or between two
35 vowels of the same grammatical segment.
36 j z` j / z` in KaMaRi: z` after another retroflex consonant
37 l l l / l` in KaMaRi: in segmentinitial position
38 m m m
39 n n n in various southern dialects, (vowel)n causes the
40 vowel to be nasalized (the n is silent in this case)
41 s z z / s in KaMaRi: s in final position
42 v w w
43 x s` s`
44Leji-consonants (leji means proper or correct):
45 d d d
46 k k k / g in semiinitial position
47 r x R
48 t t t
49irregular:
50 nh nh J except over segment borders
51 ln ln N in "iln"
52
53A grammatical segment is either a word or grammatical pre- or suffix. In the
54often cited example of confuscated* rejistanian xe'ki'lanja'isa'han'ta**, the
55segments are xe, ki, lanja, isa, han and ta. If a word is a combination of 2
56words, they can be pronounced as 2 segments as well (even though they really
57aren't), but this is not universally done.
58
59A semiinitial position occurs if a grammatical segment starts with a
60combination of a xihim-consonant and another consonant. E.g.: in xkora
61(point), the k is in semiinitial position.
62
63* confuscation is a neologism for confusion and obfuscation.
64** Translation: I will maybe not go there.
65
66The rejistanian alphabet does not differ between upper and lowercase letters.
67In latin representation, abbreviations (which in rejistanian alphabet are
68indicated as such by non-linked writing) are written by using the names of a
69letter or (if an abbreviation has an established pronunciation) the first
70syllables.
71
72The names of the letters when spelling are:
73Aja, ese, ili, omo, unu, y
74hi, je, la, ma, ny, si, vu, xo
75du, ka, ri, te
76
77The stress is on the second syllabe of the stem or on the first syllable if
78the word is a verb.
79
80Just to start:
81
82These are some phrases, you should know, even though your knowledge of
83Rejistanian is horrible:
84
85Hejida! == Hello!
86
87 Va'il veka! == good bye (to one person)
88Va'iln veka! == good bye (to several persons)
89
90 Va'il dary! == reply to this if one person is leaving
91Va'iln dary! == reply to this if more than one person is leaving
92
93(These phrases literally mean "Do good" and "Do great" or somewhat more
94metaphorically: "Be well/great")
95
96Viije == Sorry
97
98Texeki == Thank you!
99
100Mavy == please
101
102Il'lanja'ma 'visko jusa su? == Do you speak English?
103
104Grammar:
105
106Rejistanian is an agglutinating language: the stem of a word is modified by
107a plethora of pre- and suffixes. This can and will lead to long words, which
108is why in speech, certain pre- and suffixes are ommitted. Ommitable
109syllables are put into brackets in overviews. To parse text easier, every
110grammatical segment is separated from the next one by an apostrophe. In
111informal writing, only the apostrophe before and after the stem is written.
112
113Example:
114 Formal: Xe'ki'lanja'isa'han'ta
115Informal: Xekilanja'isa'hanta
116
117The Rejistanian word order is SVO. It is only changed under a few
118circumstances and the changes are never huge. The subject however can and
119will be ommitted if it is a personl pronoun.
120
121Rejistanian has no progressive tenses in the usual sense and only has 3
122tenses: past, present and future. The past and future tense are built by
123adding prefixes after the personal prefix.
124
125Verbs in the infinitive are prefixed by an apostrophe. Example:
126 'aru: to be
127'hilid: to stagnate
128 'mesu: to see
129
130Present tense:
131 xe'aru I am
132 il'aru you (singular) are
133 mi'aru he/she/it is
134xen'aru we are
135iln'aru you (plural) are
136min'aru they are
137
138In case the gender of a person is new or important, mi can be replaced by my
139(for females) or me (for males).
140
141The personal prefixes are also used as personal pronouns:
142 xe'mesu il I see you
143 il'ausu min I hear them
144 mi'hasver xe He intercepts me
145xen'iel mi We oppose her/him
146iln'kaska xen You prefer us
147min'mimi min They cuddle each other
148
149The past tense inserts la:
150 xe'la'aru I was
151 il'la'aru you (singular) were
152 mi'la'aru he/she/it was
153xen'la'aru we were
154iln'la'aru you (plural) were
155min'la'aru they were
156
157The future tense inserts ki:
158 xe'ki'aru I will be
159 il'ki'aru you (singular) will be
160 mi'ki'aru he/she/it will be
161xen'ki'aru we will be
162iln'ki'aru you (plural) will be
163min'ki'aru they will be
164
165'ki as verb also means know:
166 xe'ki jilih: I know this
167 il'la'ki jilih: You knew this
168 mi'ki'ki jilih: She/he/it will know this
169xen'ki'ki jilih: We will know this
170iln'ki jilih: You know this
171min'la'ki jilih: They know this
172
173Negation is indicated by 'ta in the final position:
174 xe'aru'ta: I am not
175 il'ki'aru'ta: You will not be
176 mi'la'aru'ta: She/he/it will not be
177xen'aru'ta: We are not
178iln'ki'aru'ta: You will not be
179min'la'aru'ta: They will not be
180
181Something, which is not grammatically indicated in English is probablity:
182The lack of a prefix indicates high probablity coming near to certainty.
183Prefixes are used to enhance the probability or lower it.
184
185 xe'ki'oki'isa: I will surely go
186 il'la'lanja'mesu: You may have seen
187 mi'mesit'aru: She/he/it may or may not be
188xen'lanjamesit'ki: we probably do not know
189iln'meshi'ausu: You might hear
190min'leji: They are most likely correct
191
192The order of these prefixes is:
193
1940% probability 100%
195\-\\---------------/\-------------------/\------------------------//-\-----/|
196 | \\ / \meshi____________/ \___lanja______________/no prefix |
197'ta \\_lanjamesit/ / oki
198 \_______________________mesit______________________________/
199
200These are rough, subjective values, what is important is the order of these
201words, not possible percentages.
202
203The probability suffixes and the indicative mood are also used for
204politeness:
205
206Il'lanja'imji: Please, sit down! (literally: Maybe you sit)
207
208Many adjectives can be used as state verbs, occasionally, the verb however
209has a different meaning:
210mi'diharis == mi'aru diharis: She/he/it is a spirit
211il'salan == il'aru salan: You are tall
212min'hite == min'aru hite: they are specific/exact
213
214BUT:
215mi'aru ines: she/he/it is new
216mi'ines: she/he creates, invents
217
218| The verbs of the first kind are lacking in the dictionary and only the
219| adjective form is listed. Only if a verb form with a different meaning
220| exists, you can assume not to be dealing with a possible state verb.
221
222Passive voice is indicated by adding 'rala' between probablity and stem.
223
224Mi'la'rala'iys: She/he was grabbed
225
226Or somewhat more idiomatically:
227
228 Xe'ki'lanja'rala'isa'tes: I will probably get fired.
229(I'will'maybe'be'go'from)
230
231The suffix 'jet is the closest, rejistanian has to a progressive aspect: It
232is added to an ongoing action when it is contrasted with a punctual one.
233
234xe'la'unidu'jet, ninaknaxah mi'la'merausu: I was sleeping when the alarm
235 clock made noise.
236
237If the subject is not a simple pronoun, it is listed before it:
238jyxe'het mi'mesu: The eye sees.
239kovomin'het mi'kate jilih: The government allows this.
240Kansu ve Syku min'isa: Kansu and Syku go
241
242Certain forms are not possible in English:
243Asav'tan'ta'he xe'la'ranhi jilih: The thoughtless person that is me forgot
244
245| This is a good reply to any complaint of grammatical mistakes you make
246
247Slani'he selme il'xone'ta: You worthless idiot don't shut up! (literally:
248 indebted idiot)
249
250| This occasionally as well ;)
251
252Sidin'het xen'ki'disde: We, the family, will decide.
253Ki'he'ny koleni iln'yri: Being experienced, you succeeded (literally: You,
254knowers of comparing/thinking succeed)
255
256| Since we already touched the subject of nouns here, we can continue it now
257| before we return to relational suffixes. It might be a bit like jumping from
258| topic to topic, but it does make sense, trust me!
259
260We have already seen a few nouns here and seen that they also are not exempt
261from the series of suffixes. To make things worse, these suffixes can be
262stacked. The meanings should despite that be rather clear as soon as you
263learn the classificational suffixes:
264'he: like the English -er it refers to a person associated with the noun
265 (often an agent in the grammatical sense)
266'het: a concrete object
267'tan: an abstraction/an abstract 'thing'
268
269Example:
270'ameri: to read
271ameri'het: something you can read, text
272ameri'tan: literacy
273ameri'he: reader
274
275'enju: to live/to reside
276enju'het: house
277enju'tan: housing
278enju'he: inhabitant
279
280'exko: to learn
281exko'het: what is learned
282exko'tan: subject, area of knowledge
283exko'he: student, someone who learns
284
285While this might seem confusing, classificational suffixes are the current
286exko'het and Rejistanian the current exko'tan.
287
288halen: important
289'halen: to be important
290halen'he: VIP
291halen'het: important matter
292halen'tan: importance
293
294These suffixes are commonly not used in speech if it is clear what is meant
295and an entire category of jokes seems to rely on this usage. No one but a
296joker would understand semajivori as something else than a traffic light
297(even though that would correctly be: "semajivori'het")
298
299The suffix 'ta exists also for nouns where it indicates the absence of the
300thing or concept it is used on. The use of it casts the noun into an
301adjective.
302
303asav'tan: thought
304asav'tan'ta: thoughtless / brainless
305
306The plural is indicated by the suffix 'ny. It is in final position. It can
307be ommitted if the noun is referring to a group of things anyways (an
308example would be relixa'het meaning money) or if a number or an adjective
309like hakim (all), al (much/many), tiki (a modest amount of) or ykal (some).
310
311enju'het: house
312enju'het'ny: houses
313
314exko'he: student
315exko'he'ny: students
316
317ameri'het: text
318ameri'het'ny: texts
319
320But (don't worry, we will talk about the syntax later):
321
322enju'het ykal: some houses
323exko'he al: many students
324ameri'het xi: two texts
325
326Articles do not exist in Rejistanian.
327
328Rejistanian lacks cases in the normal sense, but it has suffixes, about
329which Rejistanis would say that they indicate direction. They indicate
330actually more. Their name "relational suffixes" indicates that they show
331in which relation the object is to the verb:
332
333'han is the suffix for direction, benefit and often purpose
334'tes is the suffix for origin
335'ra is the suffix for place or state.
336
337Xe'isa KaMaRi'tes Hetkali'han: I go from KaMaRi to Hetkali.
338Xe'isa exkola'han KaMaRi'ra: I go to school in KaMaRi.
339Mi'dori lejen'het Syku'han: She/He gives the book to Syku.
340Il'exko eksamin'het'han: You learn for the exam.
341Ivederalije'tan'ra korona'tan'han: In federalism towards prosperity (part of
342 the national motto of Rejistania)
343
344| This usage seemed self-evident to me, but probably isn't...
345
346Related is the suffix: 'sy for something vaguely resembling an
347instrumentative case.
348
349Xe'isa KaMaRi'tes Hetkali'han etju'het'sy: I go from KaMaRi to Hetkali by
350 public transport.
351
352This is already rather much of the grammar. Now let's translate something
353(new words: elu: named; 'vana: to like; 'lelej: to hope):
354
355Hejida, xe'elu Mexetehil. Xe'enju Koeln'ra. Il'lanja'vana 'ameri jilih.
356Xe'oki'lelej jilih. Xe'vana'ta Ditrix: me'asav'tan'ta. Mi'lanja'ki'ta
357Rejistaniha!
358
359(Hello, I am Mexetehil (Mechthild). I reside in Koeln. Maybe you like
360reading this. I sure hope so. I do not like Ditrix (Dietrich): he is
361brainless. He probably does not know Rejistania)
362
363Now that you successfully got through that, let's start with some more
364grammar:
365
366Adjectives and adverbs are placed behind the part of the sentence, they
367relate to:
368enju'het: house
369enju'het esda: big house
370lejen'het: book
371lejen'het halen: important book
372
373Xe'ameri lejen'het halen: I read an/the important book
374
375There is no grammatical difference between adjectives and adverbs:
376
377Mi'isa jolu KaMaRi'han: She/he goes directly to KaMaRi
378Mi'isa yjik'het jolu: She/he goes on the direct road
379
380If the object is ommitted, these suffixes add directly to the verb:
381
382Xe'la'isa'tes: I came (from there).
383
384Often nouns are adjectivized in the form of noun adjuncts in english, these,
385like all good adjectives are behind the term they relate to. Commonly used
386are these:
387
388kalesa: quarter/suburb/area
389kali: city
390rekijo: region, district
391nanti: state
392tani: land
393
394KaMaRi kali: City of KaMaRi / Municipal KaMaRi
395Jusa tani: the country, that is the USA
396
397The Rejistanians often give their address in these terms:
398Xe'enju yjik'het Sedeha, Iminja kalesa, Mikedi kali, KaMaRi rekijo, Kamexha
399nanti, Rejistaniha tani.
400
401I live in Sede Street, in the Iminja quarter, in the city of Mikedi, in the
402district of KaMaRi, in the state of Kamex, in the country of Rejistania.
403
404| The borders of the nantis and the rekijos are not always alike. A number
405| of rekijo'ny are in 2, some in three nanti'ny.
406|
407| KaMaRi kali is in KaMaRi rekijo and KaMaRi nanti (some eastern towns like
408| Mikedi are not), which means that KaMaRians often proudly state that they
409| are from "KaMaRi kali, rekijo ve nanti" (City, District and State of
410| KaMaRi)
411|
412| For historical and political reasons, many areas are called a tani which
413| do not have national sovereignity. These areas used to be countries when
414| the rejistanian central government fell apart and the people who use the
415| term tani that way are "erid'he'ny rekijo" which can be translated as
416| rekijonalists.
417|
418| There are no zip or area codes. The rejistani Post Office uses only the
419| names, which are unique in the higher area: There are many yjik'het Sedeha
420| but there is only one at best in every kalesa.
421
422Other geographical terms are also used in this way. However I do not want to
423give the false impression that it is only used im combination with proper
424names. One of the best examples is ASiRi: Asene'het Sekhika Rejistania
425(Soccer Association of Reijstania, literally: Association soccer(adj.)
426rejistanian).
427
428Comparisons in rejistanian are one of the complex matters: The general
429structure is rather easy: after the copared adjective or term, the comparison
430particle is used followed by the second entity if applicable, ie:
431
432 Kansu mi'sydi alna Jivni: Kansu runs faster than Jivni.
433(Kansu he'is-fast more Jivni)
434
435 Jivni mi'lil relixa'het alna Kansu: Samu has more money than Heke.
436(Jivni he'has money more Kansu)
437
438The issue is that not only three levels exist like in English (as ... as,
439more, most) but 14 ones:
440
441alte: more or less equal to
442alna: better than
443alnany: much better than
444altena: best
445altenany: by far the best
446nilte: more or less equal in something the speaker considers bad or on a
447 very low level of something good
448nilna: worse than
449nilnany: much worse than
450niltena: worst
451niltenany: the worst by far
452alsina: better than but not actually good
453alsinany: much better than but not actually good
454alsitena: best, but still not good
455alsitenany: best by far, but not actually good
456
457Example:
458
459Xe'vana'ta exkola'het. Exko'tan hakim min'sejil nilte . Mathema'tan
460(I'like'not school . Subject all they'are-bad equally. Mathematic)
461
462 mi'dimis alsitena. Mi'ohix altenany hanan. Exko'het
463(it'is-interesting most* . It'is-difficult most-by-far too . Subject)
464
465 kovomin mi'dimis niltena.
466(government it'is-interesting least .)
467
468Translation:
469I don't like school. All subjects are equally bad. Mathematics is most
470interesting of these. It is also by far most difficult. Politics is least
471interesting.
472
473BTW: In many idioms the term 'koleni (to compare) is used as a way to mean
474to think.
475
476The comparative particles can also be used for constructions like "the more,
477the merrier":
478
479 Il'rala'ohixima alna'sy il'rala'extani alna
480(you'get 'compensated more'with you'get 'taxed more)
481The more you earn, the higher you are taxed.
482
483Questions, su?
484
485Rejistanian is in-famous for the use question-word 'su'. Every yes/no
486question is a sentence, in normal order followed by the question particle
487su.
488
489Il'vana exkola'het : You like school.
490Il'vana exkola'het su: Do you like school?
491
492In latin transscription, a question mark is used, the rejistanian alphabet
493uses a different character here, similar to the marker of the end of a
494sentence.
495
496The inflection is somewhat different in rejistanian questions compared to
497English ones: The last syllable, or, if a question word is in last position,
498the syllable 'sun' is pronounced with a high-and-falling pronunciation.
499
500If the question is merely a rhetoric one, the particle su moves to the first
501position:
502
503Il'lil demna leji: You are sane (literally: You have a right heart)
504
505Su il'lil demna leji: Are you sane?
506
507The answer to a yes/no question can be:
508ve: yes
509nil: no
510or one of the probability prefixes we learned earlier except for 'ta (which
511is here obviously expressed by nil) and the nonexistant one (which is here
512expressed by ve).
513
514
515If the question can not be answered like that, you need different question
516particles. These are:
517sunhe: who?
518sunjan: where? (direction)
519sunjet: what?
520sunla: when? (referring to the past)
521sunlija: why?
522suneha: how many?
523sunki: when? (referring to the future)
524sunra where? (place)
525sunreja: how?
526suntes: from where?
527
528If you ask for something which would stand as subject in the answer, you put
529the question particle as subject and use the 3rd person singular or plutal
530for the verb:
531
532Sunjet mi'veran ji mi'lil jvenu'het ke: What is green and has 10 legs?
533Xe'ki'ta, jilih mi'tiltil namin: I don't know, it is crawling here.
534
535If you ask for something which would stand as object in the answer, you put
536the question particle in the appropriate place:
537
538Il'isa sike'han suntes: You will go there from where?
539Xe'isa sike'han Sike'tes... kali. I go there from Sike... City (the capital
540 city, Sike has indeed a name, which means
541 'there')
542
543Il'la'xamie sunhe: You copulated with whom?
544 Xe'la'xamie jesten'il lama, hyji'het salan, xone'il jilih'han!
545(I'did'have-sex brother'your young, mistake big, Shut-up'you this'towards)
546 I copulated with your young brother, big mistake, shut
547 up about it!
548(The unknown grammar of this example will be explained later, don't worry)
549
550If you ask for the verb, you use a structure you know from English already:
551
552Il'va sunjet: What are you doing
553
554Rejistanian differs between things which happen in the past and the future
555in its questions:
556
557Sistenha mi'la'juku sunla: When did the system work?
558Mi'halen'ta, ulja! Sistenha mi'ki'juku sunki: That does not matter, sometime
559 in the past! When will it work?
560Ulki. Sometime in the future.
561
562Talking about ulki and ulja: An esperanto-like table of these words would
563look like this. The noun column has the words for place, direction, origin,
564past, future, etc.
565
566 question every- some- any- no noun
567place sunra sjira ulra ulsira rata ra'het
568direction sunjan sjihan uljan ulsihan hanta han'het
569origin suntes sjites ultes ulsites testa tes'het
570person sunhe sjihe ulhe ulsihe heta hej/he
571thing sunjet sjihet ulu ulsiu hedja het
572manner sunreja sjireja ulreja ulsireja rejata reja'het
573amount suneha hakim tiki hedja eha'het
574time (past) sunla sjila ulja ulsila lata la'het
575time (fut.) sunki sjiki ulki ulsiki kita ki'het
576reason sunlija sjilija uljija lijata lija'het
577
578The equivalent to the t- column in the Esperanto table is either the noun
579and jilih (this) or special terms like namin meaning here.
580
581The -si- terms are not used in questions. Their most common use is as answer
582to a question where you do not know the answer, but they are also used like
583in English in the indicative mood.
584
585Il'lil ovik'het ulu: Do you have anything to eat?
586
587Numbers:
588
589As we have already seen, numbers are put after the noun they refer to and
590make the plural suffix disappear.
591
592 1: mje mje ke mje: 11
593 2: xi mje ke xi: 12
594 3: ly xi ke: 20
595 4: mji ry: 100
596 5: de mje ry mje: 101
597 6: se mje ry mjeke: 110
598 7: sa xi ry: 200
599 8: jo ky: 1000
600 9: da kyke: 10000
60110: ke kyry: 100000
602
603eksami'het xi: 2 exams
604exko'he ly: 3 students
605ethana'het ke: 10 stars
606sanja'het mje kyry mje kyke mje ky: 111,000 lives
607
608higher numbers have 2 systems: The official one and the inofficial (inivila)
609one. The latter one relates to the inflation of Rejistania and names high
610units after ministers of finance and central bankers.
611
61210^x official inofficial English (short scale)
613 6 miliju jeo one million
614 8 milijury hilak one hundred million
615 9 iviliju sykansu one billion
61610 ivilijuke temekanda ten billion
61712 teriliju jetveran one trillion
61815 kevaderiliju xamansekhe one quadrillion
61916 kevaderilijuke kihiminha ten quadrillion
62018 kevintiliju kilankiva one quintillion
62121 sixtiliju nakitrixo one sixtillion
62222 sixtilijuke k~hono ten sixtillion
623
624k~h is a rejistanization of a sound in a rejistanian language, it sounds
625much like a /g/. The season you hear of this now is that it is not used in
626anyhting but names of places and people.
627
628The inofficial names are suffixed by ke and ry just like the official
629numbers:
630
631selme'het lil'kansu temekandake: one hundred billion lil'kansu debt
632
633The difference between cardinal and ordinal numbers again is simple: Ordinal
634numbers always relate to a noun, which has a classificational suffix, this
635suffix moves to the number and no longer is optional:
636
637Lejen'het mji: four books
638Lejen mji'het: the fourth book
639
640ameri'he jeo: one million readers
641ameri jeo'he: the one millionth reader
642
643asav'tan ke: ten ideas
644asav ke'tan: the tenth idea
645
646BTW: The rejistanian soccer league is called H1SR: Heven mje'het sekhika
647rejistaniha. I already mentioned that, but now, you should be able to
648translate it into English yourself. Oh, and how would the 2nd league be
649called?
650
651This is one of the few places, where irregularity rears its ugly head: The
652second person is mjekir ('kir means to follow), even here, the
653clasificational suffix does not remain on the noun:
654
655Exko mje'he mi'vaku runa'het sejil: The first student received a bad
656 mark
657Exko mjekir mi'vaku runa'het sejil alte: The second student received a worse
658 mark
659Exko ly'he mi'yri: The third student passed
660
661Possession:
662
663The prefixes for verbal conjugation/personal pronouns have a new role: Now
664they also are suffixes on nouns where they indicate possesion:
665
666lejen'xe: my book
667lejen'il: your book
668lejen'mi: her/his book
669lejen'xen: our book
670lejen'iln: your book
671lejen'min: their book
672
673When the possession can not be expressed that easily, you can add the
674possessor after the pronoun:
675
676Kansu mi'la'dori Sikil'han lejen'mi Jivni: Kansu gave Sikil Jivni's book.
677
678The imperative:
679
680I have not mentioned the imperative yet? Ivyk'xe! Although it is not as
681polite, as an indicative with lanja, a real imperative exists. The prefixes
682for verbal conjugation/personal pronouns/suffixes for indication of
683possession can also be used as suffix to a verb to create the imperative.
684
685'ivyk: to feel ashamed
686
687Ivyk'il: Feel ashamed for yourself
688Itva'ta'iln: Don't fail!
689
690This construction is also used for the optative.
691
692Nenriva duxu'mi xe \xe'vurak/ nka! Lightning my strike me if I lie!
693Han'xen: Let's get there.
694
695Relative clauses:
696
697Rejistanian relative clauses are somewhat strange. It might be worth noting
698that there are 3 commas in the rejistanian alphabet: one to start and one to
699end a relative clause, as well as one to use at non-relativistic occasions
700like enumerations. The second one looks like a 7 while the first one looks
701like a 7 in a wall-mirror. I will ASCIIfy them as \ and /. Even though that
702is not done normally. I will write the last one as normal comma.
703
704Let me show some examples first:
705
706| I can not describe these part of the grammar well, but here you can see it.
707
708 \Hej'ny min'la'onje xe/ min'okox xatsa'ra: the people who laughed about me fall
709 onto their behinds
710(people'(pl.) they'did'laugh me, they'fall lower-back'on)
711
712 Xe'vana 'aru'ra \heta mi'tisa/: I want to be where no one wears clothes
713(I'like to-be'in no-one he'is-clothed)
714
715As you can see, these kind of clauses look easy. In speech, the beginning of
716a subclause is indicated by a rising voice on either the last syllable of
717the main clause or the first syllable of the relative clause.
718
719Another thing, which often requires a relative clause in translation is a
720construct where a description of the subject is put in front of the subject:
721
722Asav'tan'ta'he xe'la'ranhi jilih: The thoughtless person that is me forgot
723
724For the 3rd person, this can work as well:
725
726 Syku mi'la'ranhi ameri'het. Kivsi'ta mi'la'rala'dori runa sejil.
727(Syku he'did'forget text. competent'not he'did'get'given mark bad.)
728Syku forget the text. Being the incompetent person he is, he got a bad mark.
729
730Apart from this, relative clauses are balanced. Conjugations are often
731required to link sentences. These kind of relative clauses can only happen
732after the verb though. The conjugations are written after the relative
733clause and outside of the closing comma.
734
735 Xen'ena xiky'het'ny mathema \xen'ena exkola'het'ny tani/ nka.
736(We'need classes mathematic \we'need schools national/ if)
737We need mathematic classes if we need public schools.
738
739 Xen'la'aru lasane'het sejil \xen'la'xkora, xen'la'viki/ venil.
740(We'did'be team bad \we'did'score, we'did'win/ despite-that)
741We were a bad team, but we scored and won despite that.
742
743| This belongs to a(n in-)famous rejistanian soccer chant.
744
745If you can not relativize on the suffix of the verb (like in the second
746example, the one with the nudist), you can use the nouns in the table also
747as conjugations:
748
749 Xe'skavu asahele'het \olsadi'he'ny'xe min'vana/ ra.
750(I'hate temple \parent'plural'my they'like/ place.
751I hate the temple, which my parents like.
752
753| While asahele'het can refer to churches and synagogues as well, most of
754| the time, it refers to an inikresaist temple.
755
756 Xe'la'dori lil'kansu ky yjev'he \xe'la'nai yjik'het xentira/ han.
757(I'did'give lilkansu thousand beggar \I'did'meet street central/ towards)
758I gave one thousand lilkansu to the beggar, whom I met on Main Street.
759
760| Thanks to inflation, this is not actually much.
761 Xe'isa sydi \xe'ki'aru myju'ra xeles/ lija.
762(I'go quick \I'will'be home'in soon/ reason)
763I go quickly, because that way, I will be home soon.
764
765This is what I have written down so far. I hope it helps!
766
767Va'iln veka!