j6EUQKH8

1Moderator: Okay, to start off, what comes to your mind when I mention the term fake news? For example- 
2
3(unknown): Trump
4
5Moderator: Ah Trump. What constitutes fake news in your opinion?
6
7(unknown): Hmm like news that is like fabricated to like make people believe
8
9(unknown): Anything more tabloid-y
10
11PB: Like titles with emojis y’know (everyone laughs)
12
13Moderator: So, do you have any examples you wanna share with us? Recently that you can recall
14
15PB: Facebook articles
16
17Moderator: Any particular articles that you remember?
18
19PB: Like, most of them, I don’t really remember what they specifically say, but usually, it’s like, in capitals-titles in caps first, then later, you won’t believe this (everyone laughs)
20
21PF: Generally at least for Singapore context, like I’m very dubious for those like the Must Share news, you know, that kind of sites, it’s like, you don’t really know legit or not, then usually, I’ll just wait for maybe some other source, like at least for Singapore news, local news, I’ll tend to trust like Mothership much more compared to all these dodgy dodgy sites, but yeah.
22
23PC: I think of like whatsapp groups with a lot of parents inside(everyone laughs some agrees). There’s (inaudible) like six to make your tummy smaller or natural health(inaudible).
24
25PA: Oh I remember like still got the Punggol collapsed roof one. Ya that was so fake. ‘Cause it’s like you can tell that they like use some adobe software to like edited the (audible)
26
27Moderator: So for that news ya’ll remember seeing it and ya’ll remember thinking that it’s- not believing it?
28
29PA: Ya it’s definitely fake
30
31PE: I think one also is the [Lee Kuan Yew], like, death, like, before he actually die, then like people just spread that he’s actually dead lah, but he’s not. 
32
33PF: (inaudible) NDP then he came out (inaudible) ohhh (inaudible) (everyone laughs)
34
35Moderator: Okay, okay, alright so thank you everyone for the responses.So, as mentioned previously, the aim of this discussion is to understand behaviours and attitudes of youths like you guys about your attitude towards fake news lah. So for the rest of the discussion, we’ll be referring to fake news as deliberate online falsehoods. So let me break down the definition. Deliberate refers to the propagation of a piece of information embodying malicious intent. Online refers to the digital medium of which it’s spread, falsehoods are statements that are presented as false or misleading. Okay, so now that we’ve established that, let’s move on to- what what are the kinds of platforms that ya’ll use frequently to get the latest information?
36
37PA: Facebook, Mothership, ya, 
38
39Moderator: Anything else?
40
41PA: Straits Times
42
43PB: CNA, like, anything you can get on an app
44
45PF: I subscribe to the Today the Telegram channel
46
47Moderator: Anyone else, other sorts of platforms?
48
49PD: (inaudible) Like word of mouth
50
51Moderator: So, what about Whatsapp, do ya’ll use Whatsapp to get information?
52   
53PD: But not much
54
55PF: No man
56
57PD: But not much like trusted info
58
59Moderator: Alright, okay okay, so how-on a typical day how often-how much do ya’ll use whatsapp, how long per day?
60
61PF: For myself I only use it to talk to my family and that’s it.
62
63PA: For whatsapp it’s every now and then.
64
65PB: I don’t use it a lot but it’s always like turned on on my computer
66
67Moderator: Oh right okay okay..so what do you use it for, mostly just to message family..
68(unknown): (inaudible) older people
69
70PA: Sometimes it’s more of like my parents keep on sending me like those weird weird messages, y’know. Like fake fake one.
71
72Moderator: Like articles is it?
73
74PA: No it’s more of like some international news or something but it’s actually retrieve it from WeChat. (others reply inaudible) yeah forward it.
75
76Moderator: Okay, so it’s forwarded from other messaging platforms?
77
78PA: Yeah.
79
80(unknown, G?): I think usually parents send the like suddenly eat the egg then got cancer. (mumbling)
81
82Moderator: Okay, okay, so but ya’ll generally don’t just-ya’ll don’t really respond to it?
83
84(everyone disagrees)
85
86Moderator: Okay, okay, alright, okay, so how long have ya’ll been using whatsapp? Just like a rough gauge, a year, how long?
87
88(everyone replying at the same time, start of time, secondary school,lower, upper, sec 4,  since there’s data)
89
90Moderator: Okay, so, now, so what kind of posts do ya’’ll normally put on social media platform or like on messaging apps? What kind of content do ya’ll post or report normally?
91
92PF: Memes.
93
94Moderator: News?
95
96PF: Memes.(everyone laughs).No but generally if it’s news-related I have a few friends who are a bit more discerning on my facebook timeline so at least when at least they post I trust them more. And when I look at the source it’s usually from the international sites or at least Straits Times or Today so things that will pique my interest most of the time when you talk about local news I’ll just share it on telegram, if not I’ll just share it on Facebook. But my habit is that I don’t really read in detail most of the time ‘cause I’m too lazy so I just scan through, okay more or less get it, then I share.
97
98Moderator: Okay, okay.
99
100PA: For me it’s more of like I repost like unusual news. So yesterday I just scrolling Facebook then I saw like one article on like silent mentors. I don’t know if ya’ll like heard about it, but it’s like basically like you will donate your body to the NUS doctors and NTU doctors to like after you die that kind of thing. It’s for them to experiment. So yeah, so I saw it yesterday on like Straits Times or if not it’s like on their NUS website, because like one of my friends reposted, so I find it quite cool and unusual, so I just repost.
101
102Moderator: Okay, okay, how about you guys?
103
104PE: I think for me I don’t really share like the news that I read with my friends like using like whatsapp or Facebook. Usually it’s just like we talk face to face about if there’s some news that we are all concerned about lah.
105
106PB: Yeah I don’t really repost as well. I just like flip through the phone, see what my (inaudible) is talking about(everyone laughs)
107
108PD: I don’t really repost as well. Usually like if you see then like eh omg see this thing happen then it’s just like share with your friend.
109
110PC: At most like you react to the post but I don’t actively like try to post it on my account.
111
112Moderator: Okay, okay, so all of these mostly ya’ll mentioned it’s on social media, so on messaging channels is there..
113
114PD: I think not so
115
116Moderator: Not as much? (background agreement) Okay.
117
118PF: Sorry just a quick comment like for me sometimes when I read articles that really interest me or some quotes that I think is quite cool I would just screenshot and then I’ll put it on my story. I’ll put the-I’ll put the link into my bio to just try to redirect people. ‘Cause sometimes I feel that it might interest some of my friends. So yeah.
119
120PA: Oh usually I share news on whatsapp only if there’s like any good deals. Or from telegram(Sounds of agreement).
121
122Moderator: Okay, okay, so have ya’ll ever posted any information on these channels that you found out subsequently to be fake?
123
124Someone: Yes.
125
126PF: Ya I have.
127
128Moderator: What was it?
129
130PF: Lemme think. (everyone laughs) But I remember (inaudible) couple of times. 
131
132Moderator: But was it a couple of times?
133
134PF: Uh, I did it twice, I was like okay shit, I’m never gonna do it again. Yeah, I’ll get back to you.
135
136Moderator: What did you do afterwards (mumble) once you found out?
137
138PF: Huh, when I found out I’ll be like oh shit, ‘cause some of my friends who..usually my friends who are interested in what I post, they’ll kinda reply to the story and be like okay that’s pretty interesting read. Then when I found out I was wrong I was like okay shit I’m gonna put it on my story and I’m gonna DM all these people, eh sorry actually this is false lor. There here’s the other side of the story, here you go.
139
140Moderator: Oh okay, that’s really thorough.
141
142Moderator: So none of you guys have never-okay.
143
144PC: I think it’s ‘cause I don’t post also.
145
146Moderator: Okay, so have you encountered any fake news on these particular platforms that ya’ll mentioned?
147
148PB: I mean, I wouldn’t know whether it was fake (everyone laughs).
149
150Moderator: Okay, so like you, as in, you’re- but you have seen fake news that you’ve mentioned?
151
152PB: Yes, yes.
153
154Moderator: So just but most of the time sometimes it’s like 50/50?
155
156PB: Yeah, can’t really tell most of the time so I just give up (everyone laughs).
157
158Moderator: Okay, right right, but you don’t share?
159
160
161PB: I don’t share.
162
163Moderator: Okay, okay. So (referencing to other participants)
164
165(no further response).
166
167Moderator: Alright, okay, so thank you for the great discussion so far.(everyone laughs). Now we’ll move on to another section, okay. So, when you encounter potentially like questionable information online, what is your initial response?
168
169PC: Google.
170
171Moderator: Google, so you would verify. Ah, okay, okay.
172
173PE: I think for me usually I will like also google but like cross-reference a few articles then see if it’s like credible.
174
175PB: I usually just go like, if I see something on Channel News Asia, see if it’s dodgy, I’ll go to BBC. If I see on BBC something dodgy I’ll go to Channel News Asia(everyone laughs).
176
177Moderator: So it doesn’t matter the source to you, it’s mostly the content?
178 
179PB: Yeah, the content.
180
181PA: For me it’s more of like if I see something super unusual then I’ll share on whatsapp.Then I’ll be like eh is it real or not
182
183Moderator: Oh so you verify on whatsapp.
184
185PA: Ya.
186
187Moderator: With your friends?
188
189PA: Ya my girlfriends.
190
191Moderator: But not your family?
192
193PA: No.(everyone laughs)
194
195PF: For-Yeah for me is also I’ll share on facebook I’ll be like can someone tell me is this real or not?(laughs) I wait for comments. 
196
197Moderator: Oh so you actually ask-like post comments?
198
199PF: Yeah ‘cause I know why I’m too lazy to actively find whether is it true then I just put up there and hopefully someone replies me.
200
201Moderator: Do people reply most of the time?
202
203PF: Yes. Yes, yeah. So luckily people reply.
204
205Moderator: Okay, so for you guys when you see questionable information so most of the time you do something about it lah?
206
207(Sounds of agreement)
208
209Moderator: Okay, so for our campaign we consider two main actions as calling out. So firstly is rectifying and reporting. So rectifying consists of commenting on the incorrect post, sending a direct message to the person that posted it, or reposting to inform others like what you’ve done. And reposting refers-Reporting refers to using the report function. So are you guys familiar with the report function on the channels that ya’ll use like Facebook whatsapp?
210
211PC: Instagram (inaudible) report (inaudible)
212
213Moderator: Instagram, yeah yeah, the report 
214
215PB: Oh yeah
216
217PA: But does that work? Like even if we report?
218
219Moderator: Ye-well, have you tried?
220
221PA: As in, I tried to report someone before, but I don’t know whether it worked
222
223Moderator: But generally do ya’ll use the report function?
224
225PE: Usually not for like news, like if they put like explicit content that is like a bit strange for..ya after that I’ll just like report, but usually not for like news. I didn’t know you can report news.
226
227Moderator: Ah, okay, okay I see. But generally if ya’ll see something that is-you will- as in you have used it before lah
228
229PC: In my case it’s like, recently in our school people have been falsifying accounts.Like they fake accounts, yeah then afterwards like they just ask you to report, so I like reported fake account lah, ‘cause they tried to like get information from different people that’s like actually 
230
231Moderator: Okay, so like more harmful?
232
233PC: Yeah.
234
235PF: General behaviour if I see something I’ll just scroll ‘cause to me it’s like if I don’t share it doesn’t in a sense propagate so to me I’ll just like ignore it and just continue.
236
237Moderator: Okay, in a sense ya’ll would judge like what are the more potentially harmful ones or like how it affects you in a sense? 
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239PF: In a sense I feel if something is glaringly wrong and it shouldn’t be here it shouldn’t be even on the platform then I’ll report.
240
241Moderator: Okay, so have you-okay what when would you be more inclined to call out fake news? Like under what circumstances?
242
243PD: Like when it causes harm to others.
244
245Moderator: To others? Others as in?
246
247PD: As in ‘cause I think because if I’m not wrong there’s a fake news about vaccines causing autism kinda thing, yeah then I think that’s quite harmful right(sounds of agreement) Parents are not sending their children for vaccines ‘cause they think they can get autism or something.
248
249PA: For me it’s more of like if my social media is flooded with like everyone mentioning about the news and it’s fake then I will tend to report it.
250
251Moderator: Okay, so volume?
252
253PB: Yeah, I feel less paiseh (inaudible)(everyone laughs).
254
255Moderator: Okay so far it’s content and consequences? So what about if let’s say the people-the type of people that posting this kind, does it affect? Or the type of platforms?
256
257PF: Sorry can you repeat your question?
258
259Moderator: Okay so whether the type of people that’s posting these fake news that you see or on the type of platforms, let’s say if you see a fake news on whatsapp or fake news on Facebook would it affect how you-whether you want to call it out?
260
261PF: Generally what I understand from social media is that depending on who you follow, the kind of content you also bring is also- like if you follow someone who is very notorious definitely a lot of your feed and everything will be a lot of in a sense more fake news-ish. So, because, I don’t know about you guys, but generally I try to keep away from these kind of people even though some might be quite interesting, so generally your feed would not have such- I wouldn’t- I would see it very rarely lah in comparison. ‘Cause at least for social media they have the algorithm where they ensure that you- in a sense it’s very rare to get- to actually see fake news. Supposedly lah.
262
263Moderator: Okay so how about you guys, the difference in platforms?
264
265PB: On whatsapp I wouldn’t really call out, but on Facebook, like if I see something glaringly wrong, like let’s say one of my friends’ post, I would probably just type in the comments, “You sure meh?” (everyone laughs)
266
267Moderator: So if it’s your friends?
268
269PB: Ya, if let’s say it’s like my auntie or something on whatsapp, aiya auntie can lah (everyone laughs)
270
271Moderator: Okay, but what what what what’s with the difference, why why do you feel that way, if it’s auntie vs friend?
272
273PB: Auntie I feel like it can’t be helped because I feel like(everyone laughs) they don’t have like enough media literacy. They can’t really discern, they can’t really sift through news properly.But say if it’s my friends right I’ll feel like millennial, 21st century lah why you(laughs) why you still posting this shit
274
275Moderator: Okay...but why is it if it’s not your auntie if they have a lower media literacy then won’t you feel like more-would you feel more inclined to help?
276
277PE: I think for like family or relatives that kind I’ll maybe like tell them in real life, but not like comment in the like-‘cause it’s abit like embarrassing(sounds of agreement), but if really like my mother I’ll be like oh where did you find this from? Then she’ll show me the website then it’s like some shady thing then I’ll be like actually you know that this is like might not be true so I help you do research first, then I tell if it’s true, then actually it’s not true then she’s like oh okay.
278
279Moderator: Okay, okay, alright, so it’s like the barrier of wanting to save face but then..
280
281PB: Yeah..
282
283Moderator: Respect..
284
285PA: I think it’s more of like for me ‘cause they grow up traditionally, like they tend to believe everything, that kind of thing. But for us it’s different, because we’re so like technology-savvy, so if they see anything online they will tend to believe it. Yeah, so even if you tell them like, oh this is false, then back it up with research, then my dad and mum will be like I don’t think so, I think according to TCM that kind of thing is true, that kind of thing, yeah.
286
287PF: So my frie-my parents will be like but this one is my so-and-so send me one you know. My this friend credible one, then how can it be wrong? Then I..okay.
288
289Moderator: Yeah, so ya’ll feel like a bit hard to help also?
290
291PB: Yeah.
292
293PF: Cannot fight one.
294
295Moderator: Okay, okay, so are there any reasons or factors that would dissuade you from calling out, besides the ones that ya’ll have mentioned? Like let’s say, they wanna call out family- anything else that will stop ya’ll?
296
297PF: Personally it’s the fact that I’m not confident whether or not..if let’s say I do call out and it’s wrong, but, I’ve this constant fear that actually what if I’m also, I might actually be wrong. So I’ll be like okay I wait for maybe somebody else to comment (sounds of agreement), and see how it goes. Then if someone comment that okay I think I might have heard about this 
298
299Moderator: Okay so you wait for someone else to make the move first?
300
301PB: Yeah same.
302
303Moderator: So lack of confidence, okay, I see, alright.
304
305PF: So by lack of confidence then by sharing it I put all emojis I don’t put any words eh. Then I just put those angry emojis then I just see. Test the-yeah.
306
307PA: I think like if something is fake right so sometimes on Instagram there will be a lot of people talking about it, oh then you know oh maybe that’s fake.
308
309Moderator: Okay, so, okay, but that’s more about the type of platforms, so Facebook all these are like open platforms so everybody else, y’know everybody can see what’s happening but Whatsapp is a closed platform so do you feel that the fact that it’s closed makes it easier for you guys to ignore? Or that-or is it the other way around?
310
311PA: I think it depends on who’s the sender but let’s say if it’s like someone that’s older, like your mother father generation, then you tend to ignore. But if it’s like your best friend sending you all these kind of thing then you will tend to research it out.
312
313PF: For me I’m dissuaded because the frequency with my parents too high already
314
315PA: Oh same
316
317PF: It’s really damn high. But then ‘cause at least for SMU all of us are on telegram, so-so we actually do share quite a lot on telegram and it’s quite well-received. People, as in my group of friends we do actually discuss on let’s say things that we feel that is worth sharing or mentioning, so because we-we all of us have a lot of groups lah, so generally if we feel that this article interest certain groups then we’ll just talk and discuss about it.
318
319Moderator: Okay, so next, so do you guys think that fake news poses a threat to people around you , (refers to someone) oh yes you said yes? In what way?
320
321PD: As in it will like make people falsely believe news that will like-not true, then like it will like, how to say, like the vaccine thing, then people are not gonna go for vaccines, but like in the long run actually are doing more harm to them.
322
323Moderator: So in terms of health fake news?
324
325PD: Yeah.
326
327Moderator: So what what-how serious do you think (inaudible) is? Like you guys, do you think it’s serious?
328
329PB: Yeah, it’s pretty serious. I mean after recently like the events of the Trump election, Cambridge Analytica and all that, like with the propagation of all, like different types of news that’s shifting like voter mentality and all that, you can really see that information is actually quite dangerous.
330
331Moderator: Okay, that’s a good point.
332
333PF: My personal take not so much, I see it as survival of the fittest, to me it’s like you stupid you stupid(everyone laughs). Sorry it’s like you choose to believe, so be it, I’m sorry. At least for my- at least my circle I have not seen this kind of extreme activity yet lah. So that’s why for me I don’t see that much of a impact.
334
335PC: I think also like the type of fake news that personally affects me, okay I’m quite apathetic to like politics and whatever lah, so like, and like with workload and stuff, I don’t really read news. But like, not a lot of the fake news like personally affects me so I don’t really- like even if I see something questionable I just like yeah I know it’s fake but I don’t really try to share and stuff.
336
337PE: I think for me it’s like if it affects the person, so example there was a news quite long ago like someone took a  picture of this guy like sitting on the reserve seat. But then the actual like-someone revealed the actual picture actually he’s, he’s like leg was injured lah. So that kind is like sometimes people just bash him like they will try to find his facebook then start scolding him. So I think that kind is like kind of a threat, ‘cause it’s like it’s harmful to the person.
338
339Moderator: So you guys think that it’s- do you think it’s more dangerous on a community level, national level, individual level? Any particular?
340
341PA: I think if it’s like not a threat to me then I won’t really go and bother it. But if it’s like to community, or like to the nation, yeah then I will, tend to maybe like verify it with my friends like oh is it true? Like like the [Lee Kuan Yew] the one that died, I’ll ask oh is it true? Then everyone will talk about it.
342
343Moderator: What do you mean when you say that it threatens you on the individual?
344
345PA: Oh as in- not not in the individual level, but it’s more of like on the national level.
346
347Moderator: Oh, as in, okay, so those you care about more.
348
349PA: Yeah yeah  yeah.
350
351Moderator: Okay, so do you think there’s people in your life that you care more like if you have loved ones that are being threatened, like it’s also important to you?
352
353PB: Hmm, like say, like parents, like older generation? What if they get bashed for like posting whatever (inaudible), then I’ll be quite concerned as well.
354
355Moderator: Okay, so do you think-do you ever think about how fake news impact you, like just, ‘cause sometimes you think about it like oh it’ll impact your family or your friends but do you ever think about how you are affected by fake news? 
356
357PB: Hmm, not really, like I mean recently with the SG Secure thing, like they say about cybersecurity and all that, I just think hmm how will it affect-like how will the information will affect the country but never really I think about how it will affect me and all that. Because I think that I’m quite media literate and I don’t think I will like spread fake shit hopefully.
358
359Moderator: Do ya’ll agree that ya’ll have a -media..
360
361PA: For me if it’s let’s say like the news happen around me, I mean near to me, be it like near my house or like near where I live then I will tend to like go and confirm it.Yeah so let’s say like just now some recent got one news they like someone had like two pistol and was arrested at Jurong West, and that was very near my hall area, so I really went to go and confirm with my friend like eh what happened that kind of thing. I mean like my friend who read the news lah. So i want to confirm if it’s fake or real. Yeah, because like if you live so near the area then you will like kinda threaten yourself because you feel unsafe. 
362
363Moderator: Okay, any-so do you have any other thoughts? On fake news and how it affects you?
364
365PF: One thing was like for example, SMU had a scandal I think earlier this year, so-the thing is that what the media portrayed, and they all used the words like allegedly that kinda thing. But the way- the way people see SMU was pretty bad and the way the people saw the SMU student was pretty bad. I think the thing is that the SMU student was someone very-quite close to a lot of people, and what the media portrayed wasn’t true. But things like that sometimes, at least for SMU, we all know internally, like whole telegram group, that this-this piece that was out was actually false. But no one actually went to clarify anything because all of us felt like it was never in our position to even bring it up to the media, because this is sort of like an issue that is not meant for us to- in a sense to intervene. So, like yeah it’s just a random thought lah.
366
367PB: One other thing I’ve been thinking of is now that since the government is being more involved in like fake news and all that, I’m just starting to wonder whether like, whether they actually will start policing our- our like- the content that we release. I’m also quite concerned about that.
368
369PE: I think there’s the anti-fake news bill right.
370
371PF: Yeah there’s the new law.
372
373PB: Yeah. I’m just scared whether we too far or something like that.
374
375Moderator: So does that affect your online behaviour? Like would you not post certain types of information?
376
377PB: I mean I don’t post information at all.(everyone laughs) But like I’m just concerned like for the people or like the state of Singapore lah if like- if we’re really gonna go in this path, like I don’t know. I just, yeah, just a passing thought.
378
379Moderator: So on a Singapore context ‘cause you mentioned fake news like the trump election and stuff like that, on a Singapore context how serious do you think fake news is?
380
381PB: Hmm
382
383PF: I was just thinking maybe they were to (inaudible, sway??) through whatsapp it will be a sight to see.
384
385PB: Yeah. I mean now if election’s coming up I wanna see what happens.
386
387PF: I’m quite curious of whether whatsapp activity actually. Since elections are coming.
388
389Moderator: So do-you guys think that fake news it spreads like like on whatsapp it spreads quite alot? As compared to facebook? What do ya’’ll think when it comes to let’s say Facebook, whatsapp?
390
391PF: My current circle, whatsapp seems to be propagating much more lah. Yeah, with (inaudible) will be your parent’s generation.
392
393Moderator: Oh so you think that your-it’s the older generation that’s the perpetrators?
394
395PF: Yeah.
396
397PA: Yeah for me also. Like whatsapp has like more fake news, like every now and then, your parents will be sending you like the weird news. Then I’ll just tend to ignore. Comparing to Facebook it’s more of like those people that I friends with right, they will tend to share like more news that’s related for Straits Times, CNA, BBC that kind.
398
399PB: Also if it’s on Facebook you can easily just scroll it away but for Whatsapp you actually like check-you actually like read the text, because can easily forward to multiple chats.
400
401PF: ‘Cause on facebook I actually follow a lot more professors and like my ex-teachers and can really see lah, the comments is like discussion man. Like essay after essay then I just scroll like wah, wah madness.
402
403Moderator: Okay so now we’ll be giving you out-giving out some materials for you guys to look at..Okay gonna have to need you guys to share a little bit..
404
405PF:(laughs) Forwarded
406
407Moderator: Alright, so, do ya’ll recognise what that is? Yes, and ah, so kay do ya’ll notice the forwarded tag?(sounds of agreement) Yeah, so it’s actually pretty recent- relatively recent addition-last year, 2018? So did you notice when it first came?
408
409PF: Yes.
410
411Moderator: Yes, immediately?
412
413PF: Yeah.
414
415PB: What’s this?
416
417PC: The forwarded..
418
419Moderator: The forwarded-yeah the forwarded tag
420
421PB: Orh, the forwarded, oh okay.
422
423PE: I think so ‘cause someone like send a like y’know those birthday party then they forward the picture? Then I like oh! Seems very new.
424
425Moderator: Seems like a new thing right, okay okay. Okay, so, what did, what did ya’ll think about it when you first saw it? Is there any opinions?
426
427PF: ‘Cause I use telegram quite early on, so for telegram when you forward they have the name lah, so then at the point in time whatsapp still didn’t even have this forwarded thing and I was thinking whatsapp better lah like I don’t have to, imagine I forward some random shit then people know it’s from me. 3 messages down they know it’s from me. But then at least, at least, I realised it’s better that way, ‘cause at least I know that who’s this source from, like this person actually did mention it, so when I saw this in whatsapp, it’s like I do know that now it’s forwarded. It’s just that now I started questioning, then do I know who it’s forwarded from? So at least that’s from whatsapp.
428
429Moderator: What about you guys?
430
431PD: I think it doesn’t really affect
432
433Moderator: Didn’t really affect? Okay so ya’ll didn’t really think much of it, is it?
434
435PB: Wait this was released in 2018?
436
437Moderator: Like from last year.
438
439PB: Oh, oh, okay, I didn’t even realise.
440
441Moderator: Why did it feel long longer ago or just -
442
443PB: No, usually I just copy and paste(everyone laughs).
444
445Moderator: Oh okay right, that’s another way to do it.
446
447Moderator: So ya’ll didn’t notice it?
448
449PB Didn’t notice it.
450
451PC: Feels to me like it’s been around longer than one year lah.
452
453PB: Like say if someone’s gonna like forward something they usually say from this and this then they’ll copy and paste it. Yeah.
454
455PA: No but then for my case like in whatsapp usually if I, there’s things that is forwarded right, then my friend will always say oh it’s from someone.
456
457Moderator: Oh okay so someone will mention it. Okay so did it- has it affected how you use whatsapp at all?
458
459(sounds of disagreement)
460
461PA: I think I tends to have the habit, I still have the habit of copying and paste(Sounds of agreement) instead of forwarding.
462
463Moderator: Okay, is there a reason why you copy and paste rather than just forward?
464
465PB: Habit
466
467Moderator: Habit, just habit, okay okay, so in your opinion, what is the purpose of this forwarded tag?
468
469PA: Convenience, and unknown source. Like let’s say you forward something that is like stupid, then they won’t know oh you trace back to who, unlike telegram, then got the name.
470
471Moderator: Any other opinions on what’s the purpose of this?
472
473PF: I think generally ‘cause I remember, I used to forward a lot, ‘cause I very lazy ah, so I used to forward a lot of shit before whatsapp had this function, then my mother say huh, why you say until like that, why you talk like that, then I’ll have to be like oh no actually I didn’t, this is not the actual words I use you know, this one I forward from somewhere. So at least I thought it was helpful for them to know that this words didn’t come from me. It came from someone else. So it’s useful in that sense.
474
475Moderator: So do ya’ll find it beneficial in any way?
476
477PB: Hmm, yeah I can see it’s convenient, but since they don’t really specify where the source is, like let’s say from a group chat, from a person, you can’t really tell whether it’s reliable.
478
479Moderator: Okay, okay, still limited in that sense.
480
481PF: For me it’s quite convenient now ‘cause at least now like I know things that my mother care about in terms of whether she forward right, as in ‘cause previously, they didn’t have this, so she just forward one whole chain like that you know. My family chat is siao(crazy) one, really really. So it’s really like one whole chain, so at least now for things that she care about she’ll take effort and copy and paste and add comments.But then I don’t see forwarded then I know okay, this one is closer to her heart,y’know that kind of thing. Rather than just forward, forward, forward.
482
483Moderator: Okay, so, so, to expand on that, do you right now, now that you know more about it, do you, do you feel anything or, any feelings, any opinions? On the tag itself? Or it’s just another function?
484
485PF: They should have it like telegram.Trace it back to the origin.
486
487Moderator: Okay, so origin will be more useful.
488
489N+PB: Yes.
490
491Moderator: Okay, so has it affected how ya’ll interacted with family or anything else? Or how they interact with you?
492
493PB: Like between my family and me?
494
495Moderator: Has it affected how ya’ll address each other?
496
497PB: No, just more spam.
498
499Moderator: So it’s more spam?
500
501Moderator: Okay guys, so can we do a little activity. Can you take out your phone? And just try to look for the most recent message that’s been forwarded to you. I think that shouldn’t be hard from what you guys say.
502
503PF: Every morning y’know.
504
505PB: Does it have to be like fake news?
506
507Moderator: No just the last forwarded message.
508
509PF: (laughs) First thing I open is a forwarded message! “Fruit juice whether manufactured or prepared fresh at home contains fructose.” Great, haha, thanks mum.
510
511PB: I have this photo forwarded to me about Alzheimers or something.
512
513Moderator: Oh, yeah, sorry guys do ya’ll mind sending us the most recent message that ya’ll
514
515Moderator: Can screenshot or just forward the message.
516
517PB: Oh, okay.
518
519PC: Like a meme, or something
520
521Moderator: Kay that’s my number! Yup, so please, if you feel comfortable sending to me..Oh and please mention-state your name or something.
522
523PA: But if it’s like not a news
524
525Moderator: Any-anything that was forwarded, can just screenshot. Yeah, anything that’s been forwarded.
526
527(silence as people forward) 
528
529Moderator: Right, everyone good? Okay, so let’s just talk about this a little bit more. So, so why do you think that particular message was forwarded to you? Actually yeah, just tell me abit more about  the message.
530
531PE: This one? Or like our own.
532
533Moderator: Your own, the one that you sent me. Like why was it forwarded to you? LIke what was it about, and why was it forwarded to you?
534
535PC: Mine was like a inspirational quote.Think my dad thought I was really stressed in school, so he’s like “An entire sea of water can’t sink a ship unless it gets inside the ship.”
536
537Moderator: Oh! Yes
538
539(Sounds of amazement/agreement)
540
541Moderator: So did you respond? How did you respond?
542
543PC: Shit I think I didn’t respond.
544
545Moderator: You double-ticked your dad!
546
547PC: Oh no I never respond, yikes. But I read it, I read it.
548
549Moderator: Okay, so how about you guys? What do ya’ll think?
550
551PE: For me it’s like the haze, you know the PSI what does it mean? I guess that’s the one more useful one that I’ve ever received. I mean it’s like from my parent lah. So it’s like - another one of my cousin just commented wah the haze very bad from this lor.
552
553Moderator: Okay, okay, so you didn’t respond to it?
554
555PE: No, most people- most of the time we don’t really respond.
556
557Moderator: How about..
558
559PD: (Inaudible) Like some photo, like a, ‘cause for my course we’re doing this assignment where we like, we’re attached to this like different- how to say- like people with disabilities right, so for example like 3-4 students are attached to one of those, and they’re called community teachers, then he just send it to the group.
560
561Moderator: Do ya’ll respond to it?
562
563PD: I didn’t
564
565Moderator: How about you, PB?
566
567PB: MIne is a- one of those like tests or quizzes like they always forward. MIne was, they show you a picture, like if you can see an animal in that picture like you have a lower chance of getting Alzheimers(everyone laughs).
568
569PA: I see that a lot in Facebook, then I always tend to do the quiz sometimes. For curiosity.
570
571Moderator: Right, right, so did you respond to that?
572
573PB: No.
574
575PC: But did you try to see?
576
577Moderator: Yeah did you try to see the animal?
578
579PB: Yeah I tried to see, apparently I’m getting Alzheimer’s(everyone laughs)
580
581Moderator: How about you guys?
582
583PF: For myself I-I already, honestly my parents they really forward a lot everyday, like everyday I get like on average more than 18 messages from them, on just forwarded. So, for me, everytime I see auto forward I don’t even read I don’t even open I just like eh. To clear the notice. I don’t even get it.
584
585Moderator: But don’t you think it’s a problem?
586
587PF: I mean we did, we did talk about it lah, ‘cause we realised that - my dad and I realised that my mum doesn’t even screen through the things that she forward. She forward first, then she read. So sometimes actually she forward right then actually at the back it’s some porn scene she also don’t know you know. Like got once my dad watched then like, ‘cause she forward, then my dad watched, yeah ‘cause they like to forward videos. So then actually the ending was like some some weird-ass twist you know, then my dad was like, then my dad commented, did you even check what you forward? Then my mum was like no not yet I haven’t got a chance. But seems interesting and very informative. My dad was like okay, please-please go and watch when you have the time. Yeah that’s when we realised, but then until today they still don’t really have-make use of the habit, so for my dad at least my dad looks through things, but still very sparely. He still sends about for himself alone like 10 messages a day. Yeah. So I just auto switch off.
588
589Moderator: So you just don’t respond?
590
591PF: I just don’t respond, all the way.
592
593PA: As in my forwarded message recent was actually from my hall chat. They’re talking about toilet cleaning, ‘cause I live in a hall that has a toilet attached, yeah so, that’s the most recent.
594
595Moderator: Did you respond to it?
596
597PA: Oh, no no. I mean like- oh because they added a link mah, so if you wanna sign up just link there. Just click on the link.
598
599Moderator: Do you clean the toilet?
600
601PA: Oh, oh yeah.
602
603Moderator: Okay, okay cool. So do ya’ll feel anything when ya’ll see the forwarded tag in particular?
604
605PB: Hmm, like where did she get it from? Where did you get it from?
606
607Moderator: Oh, just the source lah.
608
609PB: Like where do they keep getting these (everyone laughs)
610
611Moderator: Alright, now for the other way round. So can you look at a message that you yourself forwarded recently. This one will probably be a bit more challenging, unless..
612
613PB: Like copy and paste can right.
614
615Moderator: Yes, you can copy and paste.
616
617PF: Does it have to be whatsapp or can it be other platforms?
618
619Moderator: Uh..whatsapp.
620
621PD: Uh I don’t really forward things.
622
623PA: Do we send you the forward?
624
625Moderator: Ah yes just send.
626
627PE: Is copy paste okay? ‘Cause I didn’t really forward. It was like from telegram then I copy paste for the person.
628
629Moderator: Orh from telegram?
630
631PE: As in like the info was on telegram then I copy and paste to send.
632
633Moderator: Do you any whatsapp specific forwarded messages?
634
635Moderator: Yeah try to look for whatsapp ones.
636
637Moderator: Within whatsapp.
638
639PA: Oh what if it’s not some news, is it okay?
640
641Moderator: Yeah it’s okay, as long as it’s forwarded.
642
643PA: I mean you forward to someone right?
644
645(Silence)
646
647PB: Okay sent.
648
649PF: Can’t find leh(sounds of agreement).
650
651PD: I usually just copy paste.
652
653PB: I sent on the message chat.
654
655Moderator: Yeah if you cannot find forwarded can just find the one you copy paste onto whatsapp lah.
656
657Moderator: Okay, so... generally when you forward these messages what is the intention? 
658
659PB: Right... usually when I forward stuff is usually for like uhh... if I'm doing any CCAs, like I just forward information from other chats, so like me and my group can work properly... so like or any useful information that we need to use, like say for… [trailed off]
660I don't usually forward for like an individual person, I only usually like forward for a group, like for a group chat
661
662Moderator: good context
663
664PA: uh for me I think is more of like i receive this news from a friend then like I find it very interesting, because it’s some cultural news, so I forward it to my community volunteering chat, so like to share, because it’s very near my house anyway, so yah…
665
666Moderator: okay, that’s good, how about you guys? From your memory.
667
668PF: I just found one I forwarded to my sis, but it was more like an instructional message from my dad, so like just forward, then I say, “dad say do this”. Yah… 
669
670PE: Uh I think for my message it was i think someone asked in the group chat anyone want to eat then no one was replying so I forwarded a person say “I want” 
671
672PB: Orh… like bump lah, is it like bump I dunno 
673
674PE: erh more like I just PM them that I want because like already very late then no one then I just like yah, just say yah … 
675
676Moderator: Okay, so umm you guys also? 
677
678PD: Umm, my one is like I um, my group sent this link on telegram then I couldn’t open it, then I copy paste to myself then I send to someone to try to open
679
680PC: Mine is like I saw another on NTU survey, then I was like ay dad got car insurance or not, but then I checked for him the link then it turns out like yah, anyway it didn’t happen 
681
682Moderator: So mostly, informational reasons? 
683
684[most participants voices their agreements]
685
686Moderator: and so when you forward it to your friends do they respond to it, in the context it is happening?
687
688PB: Um yah they do respond.
689
690PF: Yah, they do respond. 
691
692Moderator: Okay so how many times do you use Whatsapp in a day?
693
694PA: Countless, whenever there’s message, there’s use
695
696PE: More than 10, more than 10
697
698PA: Nothing to do, then just use
699
700Moderator: Is Whatsapp your main messaging channel?
701
702PE: Yes
703
704PB: Whatsapp and Telegram
705
706PA: Half half 
707
708PF: Think it’s more like whatsapp and telegram, like telegram is used to send documents that kind or send pictures, because usually pictures that we send on telegram have more quality
709
710Moderator: So it’s not like Telegram is friends, then Whatsapp is family is it? It’s kind of combined?
711
712PF: Yah 
713
714PD: Umm
715
716PF: Mine is split that way, for me, yah, so my whatsapp only use 30% then telegram 70 (%)
717
718PE: Mine is mostly Whatsapp then Telegram is just those like very big groups that like just join to get info
719
720PB: Last time it was, last time Whatsapp was family, telegram was for friends then after my parents joined telegram then   
721
722[Laughter all round]
723
724Like my dad joined Telegram then like oh no 
725
726[More laughter]
727
728PE: Wah so hipster? Your dad join telegram?
729
730PB: Yah… 
731
732PA: I keep trying to get my mum on it but she don’t want eh
733
734Moderator: Why do you want to get her on it? 
735
736PA: Huh? More stickers
737
738Moderator: Then later she spam send you then… 
739
740PA: Oh then I’ll mute hahaha
741
742Moderator: Oh yah do you all use the stickers function on Whatsapp?
743
744PC: Not really, cannot save sticker pack…
745
746[Disagreement all round]
747
748?: Can!
749
750Moderator: I thought it’s one by one? 
751
752PF: My sis is the smaller, omg I almost said gen z, but she the 2002 kids so she really spam that kind of stickers one… But then Whatsapp the way they keep the photos, they use up alot of space… 
753
754PD: Like you must download the stickers?
755
756PF: Yah, use up a lot of storage in comparison to Telegram, so then I like wah, turn me off from Whatsapp 
757
758PC: I use Whatsapp stickers when I’m talking to older people because you know they use a lot of emojis so send the stickers back because sometimes you don’t know what to say then you just send a sticker haha
759
760[agreements and laughter among the rest] 
761
762PD: I think for me I use gif more than stickers on Whatsapp
763
764PF: Yah, i also use mainly gifs, unless the person like stickers, then I just use stickers for that person
765
766PB: I’m very boring, I don’t use stickers 
767
768Moderator: Okay, so in terms of how many times you use Whatsapp in a day, do you all say that you use it more than ten times in one day? 
769
770[all agrees] 
771
772Moderator: More than 20?
773
774?: Maybe?
775
776PB: Yes… 
777
778PC: Depends on how much work, yah… 
779
780Moderator: Okay, so just to backtrack a little bit, going back to motivations, for calling out fake news, could you tell me one thing that will make you want to call out fake news, like one main thing 
781Like don’t have to just be rectify, can be reporting as well, that is part of calling out already
782
783PA: Hmm, I think for me, I think let’s say it affects my community, like because I volunteer in my community club, so if let’s say anything related to, oh because I stay in central, so like anything related to central right, I will always share it into my community club group. Then I will verify, if it’s fake then I will go and report. That’s for me. 
784
785PC: I think only if it affects myself or like the people very close to me, so it’s kind of selfish in that way yah… 
786
787PB: I will only report something if it goes against my morals, or my values, like racism, sexism  
788
789Moderator: But does it matter, so let’s say you see instances of sexism or racism, but does it matter if it’s disconnected from you, like let’s say not in…
790
791PB: Umm, yah. I’ll still call it out. But because it’s in my feed lah, I’ll still call it out
792
793PD: I think for me, is like if i know it is wrong, like I know that it will harm people then like most likely I will 
794
795PE: I think for me I’m like studying social work right, so if it’s a fake news about a certain policy that affects the social service sector, then I will yah 
796
797PF: For me it’s more about what I believe in, especially if it’s something that is within Singapore, because if let’s say I do read about questionable things overseas, but then I personally…  I would not want to call out for those as much, because to me it doesn’t really affect my community and friends 
798
799Moderator: okay just now you guys mentioned some ways to check information right, let’s say you go Google or you cross reference, do you have any other methods of checking the legitimacy of the news?
800
801PB: See whether Wikipedia has posted it or not haha 
802
803PF: I think you can visit STomp all these, I think STomp tends to have a lot of like fake news
804
805[Laughter]
806
807PF: Fabricated news… 
808
809PA: On Twitter or Facebook, first thing I do is scroll through the comments, if let’s say I suspect it’s fake, because usually the top comment would be “this is bullsh*t” then can see a lot of people commenting and doing the reaction, then you know oh okay this one questionable and and most of the time the top comments would have a link also to the other side of the story so that’s the other thing I will do to cross check
810
811PF: Another thing, I will ask someone if like I know their professional in that area? 
812
813Moderator: And you will ask your friends also?
814
815PF: Yes
816
817Moderator: Actually for among your friends, how do y’all verify? Is it because you all come to a consensus? Like they’re like oh I think it’s fake, then you also think it’s fake. Like will you consider that verification, or will your friends say I check this website, I check that website, like what is the standard?
818
819PF: For me, I have friends who like to read a lot, so I trust them more, like my friends who are political science majors, or they are Bloomberg analysts that kind, so this comes with their careers, so usually if I share then I will be like “ay, legit or not?” at least because of what they do and what they like to do, there’s credibility in it already. So then I trust
820
821PB: Ours is just like you agree, I agree, okay. All agree 
822
823Moderator: Alright so, now we are nearing the end of our session, just need to test out some, because we are coming up with a campaign strategy right, so we want to gauge your feelings and thoughts on a few sample messaging that we have so let us give us some material first 
824
825It’s all a work in progress, very rough, just whether the messaging is okay
826Very, very rough
827
828PA: Oh I think I saw this picture before, like on Google
829
830PF: Reminds me of the NLB got some fake news campaign also, like recently, I think like last year?
831
832Moderator: Oh? You saw the NLB campaign on fake news?
833
834PF: Yah, in the library hahaha 
835
836[Laughter]
837
838PF: Like when you study, then you can see ‘cause they stick on the table, stick on the wall
839
840Moderator: do you read it?
841
842PF: Just glance lah, “Please know…” then to me is like I mean for like y’all mentioned, for our generation we are quite literate in that sense, so it wasn’t so much a concern
843
844PB: I also saw an article about it, but they were debating about something that needs to be changed on the poster or something 
845
846Moderator: Okay, so first up we have the ways to spot, how you spot fake news 
847
848Okay, so the main aim of our campaign is to empower youths to take a more proactive steps in the fight against fake news, because sometimes we as youths, we an be abit apathetic, in the sense that we don’t always speak out even though we see it, so yah that is the main aim of our campaign, to make us all more proactive
849
850So yah, taking a look at the first one, how to spot fake news
851
852PA: Sorry, when you say youth, what age range are you guys looking at?
853
854Moderator: specifically for our campaign, 18-26
855
856PA: Okay, cool 
857
858Moderator: so yah, the first one right, what do you guys think? 
859
860So, how effective do you think this is in motivating you to call out fake news?
861
862PB: this is quite informative 
863
864PD: But I don’t know if people will actually take the time to go and do it, since it doesn’t concern them that much 
865
866Moderator: So when you look at it, you feel like it doesn’t concern you, then you wouldn’t go read further is it?
867
868PD: I think to a certain extent, because I think if the news is very obviously not related to you anyway, you wouldn’t have the urge to know more
869
870PE: I think it tells you how, but it doesn’t really motivate you
871
872PA: I think it’s more like if it interests me, then like I will click it then I will see what it says, then if it’s very unusual I will go and google it
873
874Moderator: So will you bother to remember these tips if you just look at it like that?
875
876PF: Even right now I’m just scanning through I don’t really read, I’m so sorry
877
878PC: Same… 
879
880[Agreement all around] 
881
882Moderator: Right, it doesn’t stand out or anything
883
884PB: like SGsecure they use like mnemonics like run, hide, tell, those kind of mnemonics I still remember them 
885
886So yah, this one’s abit too wordy
887
888Moderator: Right… Too wordy and complicated
889
890PC: I think when I read it… like we all know that fake news exists but when I try to think of specific examples, sometimes it’s very hard and this doesn’t link to any particular example, so I feel like I kind of know this, but I can’t really… 
891
892Moderator: Right, it’s not really relatable.
893
894PC: Yeah
895
896PE: But actually, I kind of link it to the check the dates, because I remember I was scrolling on Facebook I saw like someone, a lot of people keep on reposting like  how $1 RM how $1 = 4RM, but that is so fake because like when I click it right, it leads back to one year ago, so it’s not really the recent news.
897
898PF: I think it’s also not shocking enough for me to remember. Honestly, if I were to walk out here, I don’t think I’ll remember 
899
900Moderator: Besides linking it to a specific type of news you care about, do you have any suggestions on how we can improve it or to make y’all care?
901
902PD: I think there’s like too many steps 
903
904[agreement all around] 
905
906PF: To me, there’s not one main message that you really want to shout out, or such that you want people to do this one particular action, I think if there is a primary sort of objective to this, at least get that main message out, like maybe what your three words or something like that to get their attention
907
908PD: I think can also make it more relatable our age group, like more relatable to youths
909
910PC: I think it would be cool if y’all had a sample article, instead of just… then y’all draw out the points the headlines then like “read beyond” or something like that 
911
912PA: Yah, I support, I think it has to have more of a focus, instead of like spamming all these, these are the steps that I think most of the youths will actually know lah 
913
914PE: I think also like if it involves emotional, like make them feel like oh my gosh, I need to this 
915
916PF: Is your mother a victim
917
918[Laughter all around]
919
920PF: Wah wah I will be like oh sh*t hahaha
921
922Moderator: would you really if it says like “this could be your mother…” would you really?
923
924PF: I think a bit more… 
925
926// 59.06-59.08 unclear//
927
928PF: I think wah sh*t my mother this time (?)
929
930Moderator: okay moving on to the next one, we have the hands. Okay this is very rough, basically it’s trying to convey not acting on fake news can affect your loved ones, so yah, what do y’all think?
931
932PD: wait so is this news fake the CPF thing
933
934Moderator: it’s fake, it’s fake
935
936PC: Yo… you’re such a victim hahaha
937
938Moderator: So the main message behind this is that not acting on fake news may affect your loved ones, do you may know it’s fake but your loved ones may not, so if you don’t say anything, your loved ones may be affected
939
940So in terms of graphics do y’all like the hand, or would you prefer animated version
941
942PD: I think it’s very not clear that the on top is the fake news hahah
943
944PB: Yeah you need to extrapolate stuff from it
945
946PD: Like yah is this real or the news, ‘cause like… 
947
948Moderator: Oh so it’s not clear enough…? 
949
950PD: It’s not clear…
951
952PA: Maybe you could have a cross or something? ‘Cause when I first read it I thought that it was real too hahaha
953
954PD: Because I don’t know about the CPF stuff, so if you tell me this I might think it’s real
955
956Moderator: Sorry you mentioned something about the comic sans? 
957
958PF: Oh sorry sorry, you should make it all out… 
959
960PB: Make it look ridiculous
961
962Moderator: but the truth is that a lot of news out there they starting to look more real 
963
964?: And legit 
965
966[agreement all around]
967
968Moderator: That’s the challenge.
969But okay besides the not being obvious that it is fake, what else do you think of the  presentation 
970
971PC: I think maybe if you include like hire one of your mums, an actual person, so that it’s mroe easy to relate to a human level, because these are just hands right, / unclear 1.01.02-1.01.04/
972
973Moderator: Okay okay so a real mother, like a face
974
975PC: Yah, like a face looking really confused
976
977PB: Or doing something for the youth, like if you’re going to say something about CPF, I dont think most of us concerned
978
979PF: Especially 18 to 26
980
981PB: Like bubble tea cause cancer or something haha
982
983PE: Or something school related, ‘cause let’s say I see in a feed I scroll on, I just look at keywords, this kind of thing I will most likely scroll past because it really looks like it fades in so it doesn’t even gather my attention to make me look and scrutinise
984
985PD: I think the pictures can be more related to the fake news you are trying to portray, ‘cause this doesn’t really like show
986
987PF: Those mosaic?  
988
989
990PD: Grandmother going to the ATM to get her CPF money  
991
992PF: Those STomp kind of pictures lah
993
994Moderator: So basically make it stand or more? Make it more relatable, more emotional, make it obvious that it is fake 
995But the messaging that your loved ones can be affected, those that, is that effective in a way?
996
997PF: Make it shorter
998
999Moderator: Make it shorter?
1000
1001PF: Yeah make it even shorter, I lazy, but I know that’s a challenge, I understand 
1002
1003PF: I think this is better than this one 
1004
1005PD: I think like your loved ones and what not but what is the consequence
1006
1007Moderator: Okay, so we need to make the consequences more obvious 
1008
1009PD: Uh I don’t know how to say, maybe the consequence like… 
1010
1011[Laughter]
1012PB: Maybe use a visual aid or something 
1013
1014PD: Yah, like maybe the picture shows the consequence of not acting.
1015
1016Moderator: Okay so moving on, okay can you take out the A4 with the colour one, this is also the similar messaging in terms of loved ones being affected. So just take a look at it and tell me what you understand from this.
1017
1018PA: There’s snakes 
1019
1020[laughter]
1021
1022PE: It’s very not related to the words 
1023The graphics like a bit not relation to the words… 
1024
1025Moderator: Okay, okay like why is the visual there is it?
1026
1027PF: I think the first one looks nicer, i think for me yah… 
1028
1029Moderator: okay but do y’all understand the message behind it?
1030
1031PB: Eh yah…   
1032
1033PE: Don’t think I get it…
1034
1035PC: There’s a human embodiment of fake news right is it?
1036
1037PF: Is it ‘cause it’s like snakes so like… /unclear/
1038
1039Moderator: ‘Cause like we are trying to test out different ways, so like one is the human faces, then now we want the cute cartoon character kind of thing 
1040
1041So like the hands is the face. So this one we have the human face and the alien face. And the alien is supposed to embody the fake news 
1042
1043No, the medusa is supposed to be the fake news 
1044
1045PB: So the third one right, the guy ate too much pineapples then he got a stomach ache or something?
1046
1047Moderator: yah, yah, yah
1048As in so yah, so as in that we are testing just mythical creatures throughout so no human face 
1049Yah, so the medusa they are the fake news,
1050So we will have different types of mascots of each of the fake news 
1051So depends on the context lah, but for now y’all have no context, so is abit weird? 
1052But yah, is not intuitive is it?
1053Even if you had the context.
1054
1055PD: Um, I think with the context is better, but without really, yah … like it’ll just look like pictures beside the words 
1056
1057Moderator: So the two blobs and the human, they are supposed to represent your loved ones suffering from the fake news, so do y’all get that?
1058 
1059[Agreement all round] 
1060
1061Moderator: Okay so if you had to choose one, which one is your, just the one that stands out the most? 
1062
1063PF: I like #2
1064
1065PE: Yah I like #2, very cute 
1066
1067PB: #1 is the one that like, because it has human faces, so it speaks out more, but I like #3 because of the blob 
1068
1069PA: I think for me I like #1 the most because #2 and #3 feels like a bit too cartoon-ish
1070Yah, ‘cause for  18 to 26, pass the polytechnic phase already so they are more hipster nowadays so I’m not too sure whether they’ll…
1071
1072PF: #1 you print on totebags ah haha
1073
1074[Laughter]
1075
1076PD: for me it’s also #1 because for the other one is like too kiddish 
1077
1078Moderator: okay, so #1… 
1079
1080PC: Abit like can detract from the danger, ‘cause it’s so cute 
1081
1082?: like omygosh pineapple… 
1083
1084Moderator: okay, so how do y’all think we can improve on this?
1085
1086PC: I’m just throwing out, but medusa with like a lot of snaking tendrils, and then there could be headlines running along the snakes, like going to bite the thing, so you know can kind of like say something 
1087
1088PB: Make it less intuitive 
1089
1090PF: Or maybe like the snakes can be connected to the person, like inject
1091
1092PA: like trying to bite, like go to the brain
1093
1094Moderator: Okay, yah so just basically make it more obvious that that’s the embodiment of fake news right, okay 
1095
1096So, let’s look at the guy with the F on his face
1097
1098Okay so, our messaging behind this is that, we are trying to put faces to fake news , so that basically fake news can affect real lives 
1099
1100So… yah there have been a couple of fake news where they have been like let’s say the halal store selling pork that kind of stuff and so yah it affects the livelihood of the halal store owner 
1101
1102PF: Do you guys follow the halal twitter account? 
1103
1104All: No…
1105
1106PF: So anyway the thing is that, this youth right, especially those kids they dunno whether legit so what they always do is that they take picture then they @halalsg then they say “hi, is this real”, “hi is this true, they say got certification” then the instagram is verified lah,then they legit will say no it’s not this one they lie to you then all the people damn sassy one… so is really like… so is really how the youth actually use it to check whether or not these stores are real, that’s why I laugh because they damn sincere like “they say no pork no lard but can I still eat it then they will quote their holy book or something then cannot” or something like that… then i just like yah yah yah…  is quite funny
1107
1108Moderator: So basically it affects like real lives, so just gut feel, what’s the… are you motivated
1109
1110PC: So you’re going to profile the real people? 
1111
1112Moderator: Yah
1113
1114PB: Umm, like first glance, I can’t really tell, like why is there a guy there, but until you told me the context, but now I understand, yah
1115
1116Moderator: So the line there doesn’t work is it
1117
1118PB: Fake news affects real lives… 
1119
1120PC: Actually I think it’s quite good leh… 
1121
1122PB: Is a good line 
1123
1124PD: But maybe the background can have something happening, like the consequences
1125
1126PC: Like the context of the fake news
1127
1128PD: Like prison him in 
1129
1130PE: I feel like the picture in the background doesn’t link to the fake news in real life, like there’s nothing happening. Yah and then like why is there a big F word
1131
1132PB: Yeah
1133
1134PE: Because it looks like a… I dunno… yah… 
1135
1136Moderator: Okay so not sure what the F is for 
1137Okay, okay 
1138
1139PC: I think because F has like a connotation to it 
1140
1141PF: For me it’s clear and concise, because if you’re looking at 18 to 26, and they’re still in school, wah F speaks to a lot of people actually, so I mean when they first look at it, and then your line says fake news affects real lives, maybe they’ll be more curious 
1142
1143Moderator: So it piques their interest?
1144
1145PF: Yeah, it’ll pique my interest, and it’s simple enough, it’s not, there is indeed the one message that the fact that fake news affects real lives, so you do not have too much distractions, so to me this is something that I will actually bother 
1146
1147Moderator: So any points of improvement?
1148
1149PC: Are y’all intending to include a blurb about how it affected them 
1150
1151Moderator: Possibly? I mean we’re still looking 
1152
1153PD: I think it needs more context because at first glance like can’t really tell… 
1154
1155PF: I think it’s good to grab your attention, but yah if let’s say you want to link them out to an article, maybe you need at least in the blurb below or something, it will be very useful 
1156
1157Moderator: Alright so, we have seen a couple, so can you rank, what we want here is to motivate youths, so which one motivates you the most. Your top three.
1158
1159Oh we’re holding up now so… 
1160
1161First number one 
1162The top top 
1163Okay so we have 
1164
1165PD: Okay uh both of us 
1166
1167Moderator: both of y’all okay, so is the F9
1168
1169PC: Like with the grandma’s face 
1170
1171[Laughter]
1172
1173Moderator: Okay. so with the grandma’s face, okay so with the ?? (1:11:05)
1174
1175PA: Uh this for me 
1176
1177Moderator: This is for you? 
1178
1179PE: for me is this, the first one 
1180
1181<A bit unsure about this part, not very clear>
1182
1183?: Yah… the third one
1184
1185Moderator: Okay yah the third one… 
1186Okay, y’all swapped, okay yah… 
1187
1188So the first one was really bad haha
1189
1190PA: It’s informative… 
1191
1192PB: Too much text. Need TL:DR
1193
1194PE: I think can be a link to one of your main posters, like to educate them, ‘cause this is very government
1195
1196[Agreement all round]
1197
1198PF: It’s almost like the NLB, but NLB is five steps, even like I also can’t remember haha
1199
1200PB: You guys use the SG secure colour scheme haha
1201
1202[Laughter all around]  
1203
1204Moderator: Okay so let’s wrap this up ah. Okay so all things considered, what will be the main driving factor for you to call out fake news? The main one. Is it relatability, how it affects your loved ones, content … 
1205
1206PD: For me, it’s really how the consequence will play out on my family members, because I think from at least our discussion, correct me if I’m wrong, but generally we feel that our parents or family are the ones who’s going to succumb to it and for youth it seems like none of us dare to reach out to them to help them. So, if that’s the case we are actually propelling these youths to in the sense make an impact on their relatives, so that’s why to me the best is to shout out on how, maybe to either get them to check with their… at least create a conversation yah on this kind of fake news with their family. So that’s for me 
1207
1208PC: for me also loved ones, like whether it affects myself or the people around me 
1209
1210PB: yeah 
1211
1212PA: I think for me is not really loved one because like even though they tend to share this kind of fake news, nothing really happened to them, so yah lah…
1213
1214[laughter]
1215
1216PA: so for me is more like let’s say it affects my community then I will like report it 
1217
1218PE: I think for me if it’s an issue I care about
1219
1220Moderator: specifically…?
1221
1222PE: social issues
1223
1224PF: I think for me also friends and loved ones yah 
1225
1226PB: friends, eh basically my parents lah
1227
1228Moderator: Okay so that means for our campaign collaterals we will try to put faces of loved ones, if it’s loved ones you’d be more inclined to go and find out more about these things?
1229
1230PB: yeah… 
1231
1232Moderator: Right, okay so do we have any more, any last comments, any things you’d wanna add?
1233
1234PF: Just thinking now right if you do that, will people mistake yours for a social, maybe how to say, those kind of donation kind of… social work kind of collateral, just my concern now lorh, if let’s say… sorry I’ll let you know if I think of anything 
1235
1236Moderator: Right okay…
1237
1238What do you mean by social work? Why do you see that confusion?
1239
1240PF: because y’all mentioned putting like grandmother that kind of thing right, and then now i scared what if people say huh, like if you just scroll through, at least for myself because for my behaviour I’m a passive user, so if i see i’ll probably be like oh some donation then what if i don’t read more into it or what if I don’t stop to actually see that it’s about fake news, it’s something that I did not expect, ‘cause my expectation would be old lady equals healthcare related or something like that. So that’s my concern there
1241
1242PB: I can see why
1243
1244PA: Then how do y’all intend to publicise it?
1245
1246Moderator: Social media? ‘Cause our target audience are tertiary students so I think we have roadshows also like down at the school, then we have booths and games that kind of stuff, quite standard lah yah to engage with them
1247
1248So when people talk or mention to you about fake news, do y’all… what would be your first opinion. Would you be like uh is not really disconnected from me or not really that interested or just this is my parents kind of thing
1249
1250PE: I think it depends on the nature of the news. Like if it’s interesting or it more concerns you like how will it affect, then you will want to know more, then you will be like okay lorh read more
1251
1252PB: Yah, like you will want to know more if you don’t know, if you see something really interesting then like ahhh you go check it out 
1253
1254Moderator: Okay great, okay so on a scale of 1 to 10, how do you think fake news will affect you?
1255
1256PD: 1 being the least?
1257
1258Moderator: yah, 1 being the least
1259
1260PA: Affect me personally, community, or…?
1261
1262Moderator: personally 
1263
1264//unclear who said what but all 2 or 3//
1265
1266??: 2
1267??: 2 
1268R : 2 or 3
1269PA: 3
1270
1271Moderator: same scale but to your family
1272
1273??: 8
1274??: 9 
1275??: 9
1276
1277PC: affect meaning like a physical consequence? 
1278
1279Moderator: um not really it could be emotionally or your mum forward you something you need to drink 8 cups of water before you sleep then like you…
1280
1281??: 6
1282PB: 6…  high 7
1283
1284PF: Consequences is that my mum forward to any kind of group, then the kind of content she don’t filter, then she forward right then this one is really one her already. Then i just hahahahah 
1285
1286Moderator: Okay, last one, same scale, friends
1287
1288PB: Friends ah…
1289
1290??: 4
1291??: 4
1292PC: 3
1293PE:3
1294PB: yah i think for me same, 3 
1295??: I think for me 3 also 
1296
1297Moderator: How about Singapore as a society, as a social fabric 
1298
1299??: 5 
1300??: 6
1301??: I think 6
1302PB: 4, I have faith in Singapore 
1303[laughter]
1304
1305Moderator: alright okay, i think that’s it, thank you everybody!
1306
1307<Giving out cash vouchers>