hn6VHzfG

1# NEA
2# Andrew Howell Candidate No. 0082
3# St. John Payne School Centre No. 16331
4
5runProgram = True
6
7##### Importing Python Modules needed for program #####
8
9# Defensive programming - catching exceptions in code where python modules are not present
10try:
11  import tkinter as tk
12  from tkinter import messagebox
13  from tkinter import *
14except:
15  print("Python's Tkinter module not installed, Program cannot run")
16  runProgram = False
17
18try:
19  import pickle
20except:
21  messagebox.showinfo("Error","Python's Pickle module not installed, Program cannot run")
22  runProgram = False
23  
24try:
25  import datetime
26except:
27  messagebox.showinfo("Error","Python's Datetime module not installed, Program cannot run")
28  runProgram = False
29
30try:
31  import math
32except:
33  messagebox.showinfo("Error","Python's Datetime module not installed, Program cannot run")
34  runProgram = False
35
36try:
37  import random
38except:
39  messagebox.showinfo("Error","Python's Random module not installed, Program cannot run")
40  runProgram = False
41
42try:
43  import passlib
44  from passlib.hash import pbkdf2_sha256
45except:
46  messagebox.showinfo("Error","Python's Passlib module not installed, Program cannot run")
47  runProgram = False
48
49#######################################################
50
51
52
53  
54
55##### Constant Declaration #####
56
57# Using passlib's hashing algorithm, password is securely encrypted
58HASHEDADMINPASSWORD = "$pbkdf2-sha256$29000$COH8X8sZQ6j1PkeoFUIIQQ$64MnDDlriVWgZGjjXEHP/HnlweMr/OkbAmAvgUGYDoA"
59
60ADMIN = ["Admin", HASHEDADMINPASSWORD] # Admin details
61  
62LARGEFONT = ("Verdana", 22) # Font format for titles on each page
63MEDIUMFONT = ("Verdana", 16)
64LABELFONT = ("Verdana", 13)
65SMALLFONT = ("Verdana", 11)
66
67# Dimensions of the Tkinter window
68WIDTH = 800
69HEIGHT = 600
70
71FILENAME = "NEADatabase.dat" # Constant database name
72
73################################
74
75
76
77
78
79##### File Handling #####
80
81#Username Format: USERNAMES[Username] = [Password, Score, LastSession]
82USERNAMES = {} # Dictionary where student details will be stored whilst the program runs
83try:
84  try:
85    USERNAMES = pickle.load(open(FILENAME, "rb")) # Retrieves dictionary of user details stored in database
86  except:
87    pickle.dump({},open(FILENAME, "wb")) # If database not present in directory, create file
88except EOFError:
89  pass
90
91def saveUsers(): # Writes the current dictionary of user details to the database
92    pickle.dump(USERNAMES, open(FILENAME, "wb"))
93
94#########################
95
96
97
98    
99
100##### Mathematical Operational Functions #####
101
102def Modulus(a):
103    if a < 0:
104        a = -a
105    return a
106
107def mergeSort(alist):
108    if len(alist) > 1:
109        mid = len(alist)//2
110        lefthalf = alist[:mid]
111        righthalf = alist[mid:]
112
113        mergeSort(lefthalf)
114        mergeSort(righthalf)
115
116        leftHalfPosition = 0
117        rightHalfPosition = 0
118        originalListPosition = 0
119        while leftHalfPosition < len(lefthalf) and rightHalfPosition < len(righthalf):
120            if lefthalf[leftHalfPosition] < righthalf[rightHalfPosition]:
121                alist[originalListPosition] = lefthalf[leftHalfPosition]
122                leftHalfPosition += 1
123            else:
124                alist[originalListPosition] = righthalf[rightHalfPosition]
125                rightHalfPosition += 1
126            originalListPosition += 1
127
128        while leftHalfPosition < len(lefthalf):
129            alist[originalListPosition] = lefthalf[leftHalfPosition]
130            leftHalfPosition += 1
131            originalListPosition += 1
132
133        while rightHalfPosition < len(righthalf):
134            alist[originalListPosition]=righthalf[rightHalfPosition]
135            rightHalfPosition += 1
136            originalListPosition += 1
137
138    return alist
139
140def getCurrentDate(): # Returns array of current day, month and year
141  day = datetime.date.today().day
142  month = datetime.date.today().month
143  year = datetime.date.today().year
144
145  date = [day, month, year]
146
147  return date
148
149##############################################
150
151
152
153
154##### SUVAT Equation Solving Algorithm #####
155
156class SUVAT():
157
158    def __init__(self,s,u,v,a,t,shortAnswer):
159
160        # Passes parameters from user as attributes
161        self.s = s
162        self.u = u
163        self.v = v
164        self.a = a
165        self.t = t
166        self.sA = shortAnswer # Boolean - determines whether object returns worded answer or just numeric answer
167
168    try:
169      def initiate(self):
170          if self.s == "x":
171            return self.SUVAT1()
172          elif self.u == "x":
173            return self.SUVAT2()
174          elif self.v == "x":
175            return self.SUVAT3()
176          elif self.a == "x":
177            return self.SUVAT4()
178          elif self.t == "x":
179            return self.SUVAT5()
180    except:
181      messagebox.showinfo("Error","Invalid details inputted, try again", icon = "warning")
182
183    def SUVAT1(self): # v = u + at (s = 'X')
184      
185        if self.u == "a":
186            self.u = float(self.v) - float(self.a)*float(self.t) # Converts string parameters given by user to a float value
187            if self.sA: # If the user wants a short answer -> using Checker not Solver
188              return [self.u,0] # Some calculations return two values so a 2 element array is returned
189            else:
190              return("Initial Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.u))
191         
192        elif self.v == "a":
193            self.v = float(self.u) + float(self.a)*float(self.t)
194            if self.sA:
195              return [self.v,0]
196            else:
197              return("Final Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.v))
198    
199        elif self.a == "a":
200            if float(self.t) == 0:
201              return "zeroDivision error"
202            else:
203              self.a = (float(self.v) - float(self.u))/float(self.t)
204              if self.sA:
205                return [self.a,0]
206              else:
207                return("Acceleration is {0:.2f} ms^-2".format(self.a))
208          
209        elif self.t == "a":
210            if float(self.a) == 0:
211              return "zeroDivision error" # Calculation would include a division by zero which creates an error and so 
212                                          # validation will inform the user that the question cannot include a division by zero
213            else:
214              self.t = (float(self.v) - float(self.u))/float(self.a)
215              if self.sA:
216                return [self.t,0]
217              else:
218                return("Time Taken is {0:.2f} s".format(self.t))
219      
220    def SUVAT2(self): # s = vt - 0.5at^2 (u = 'X')
221      
222        if self.s == "a":
223            self.s = float(self.v)*float(self.t) - 0.5*float(self.a)*float(self.t)**2
224            if self.sA:
225              return [self.s,0]
226            else:
227              return("Displacement is {0:.2f} m".format(self.s))
228        
229        elif self.v == "a":
230            if float(self.t) == 0:
231              return "zeroDivision error"
232            else:
233              self.v = float(self.s)/float(self.t) + 0.5*float(self.a)*float(self.t)            
234              if self.sA:
235                return [self.v,0]
236              else:
237                return("Final Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.v))
238
239        elif self.a == "a":
240            if float(self.t) == 0:
241              return "zeroDivision error"
242            else:
243              self.a = (float(self.v)*float(self.t) - float(self.s))/(0.5*float(self.t)**2)             
244              if self.sA:
245                return [self.a,0]
246              else:
247                return("Acceleration is {0:.2f} ms^-2".format(self.a))
248          
249        elif self.t == "a":
250            if float(self.a) == 0:
251              return "zeroDivision error"
252            else:
253              x = float(self.v)**2 - 2*float(self.a)*float(self.s)
254              x = Modulus(x)
255              x = math.sqrt(x)
256              t1 = ((float(self.v) + (x))/float(self.a))
257              t2 = ((float(self.v) - (x))/float(self.a))
258              if self.sA:
259                return [t1,t2] # Two values of t
260              else:
261                return("Time Taken is {0:.2f} s and {1:.2f} s".format(t1, t2))
262
263    def SUVAT3(self): # s = ut + 0.5at^2 (v = 'X')
264      
265        if self.s == "a":
266            self.s = float(self.u)*float(self.t) + 0.5*float(self.a)*float(self.t)**2
267            if self.sA:
268              return [self.s,0]
269            else:
270              return("Displacement is {0:.2f} m".format(self.s))
271         
272        elif self.u == "a":
273            if float(self.t) == 0:
274              return "zeroDivision error"
275            else:
276              self.u = float(self.s)/float(self.t) - 0.5*float(self.a)*float(self.t)
277              if self.sA:
278                return [self.u,0]
279              else:
280                return("Initial Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.u))
281          
282        elif self.a == "a":
283            if float(self.t) == 0:
284              return "zeroDivision error"
285            else:
286              self.a = (float(self.s) - float(self.u)*float(self.t))/(0.5*float(self.t)**2)
287              if self.sA:
288                return [self.a,0]
289              else:
290                return("Acceleration is {0:.2f} ms^-2".format(self.a))
291         
292        elif self.t == "a":
293            if float(self.a) == 0:
294              return "zeroDivision error"
295            else: # Using quadratic equation - returns two values of t
296              x = float(self.u)**2 + 2*float(self.a)*float(self.s)
297              x = Modulus(x)
298              x = math.sqrt(x)
299              t1 = ((-float(self.u) + (x))/float(self.a))
300              t2 = ((-float(self.u) - (x))/float(self.a))
301              if self.sA:
302                return [t1,t2]
303              else:
304                return("Time Taken is {0:.2f} s and {1:.2f} s".format(t1, t2))
305
306    def SUVAT4(self): # s = 0.5(u + v)t (a = 'X')
307      
308        if self.s == "a":
309            self.s = 0.5*(float(self.u) + float(self.v))*float(self.t)
310            if self.sA:
311              return [self.s,0]
312            else:
313              return("Displacement is {0:.2f} m".format(self.s))
314      
315        elif self.u == "a":
316            if float(self.t) == 0:
317              return "zeroDivision error"
318            else:
319              self.u = (2*float(self.s))/float(self.t) - float(self.v)
320              if self.sA:
321                return [self.u,0]
322              else:
323                return("Initial Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(float(self.u)))
324        
325        elif self.v == "a":
326            if float(self.t) == 0:
327              return "zeroDivision error"
328            else:
329              self.v = (2*float(self.s))/float(self.t) - float(self.u)
330              if self.sA:
331                return [self.v,0]
332              else:
333                return("Final Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.v))
334         
335        elif self.t == "a":
336            if (float(self.u) + float(self.v)) == 0:
337              return "zeroDivision error"
338            else:
339              self.t = (2*float(self.s))/(float(self.u) + float(self.v))
340              if self.sA:
341                return [self.t,0]
342              else:
343                return("Time Taken is {0:.2f} s".format(self.t))
344
345    def SUVAT5(self): # v^2 = u^2 + 2as (t = 'X')
346      
347        if self.s == "a":
348            if float(self.a) == 0:
349              return "zeroDivision error"
350            else:
351              self.s = (float(self.v)**2 - float(self.u)**2)/2*float(self.a)
352              if self.sA:
353                return [self.s,0]
354              else:
355                return("Displacement is {0:.2f} m".format(self.s))
356         
357        elif self.u == "a":
358            uSquared = float(self.v)**2 - 2*float(self.a)*float(self.s)
359            self.u = math.sqrt(Modulus(uSquared)) # If self.u is negative,
360                                                  # square rooting it will cause
361                                                  # an error, so we square root the modulus
362            if self.sA:
363              return [self.u,0]
364            else:
365              return("Initial Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.u))
366           
367        elif self.v == "a":
368            vSquared = float(self.u)**2 + 2*float(self.a)*float(self.s)
369            self.v = math.sqrt(Modulus(vSquared))
370            if self.sA:
371              return [self.v,0]
372            else:
373              return("Final Velocity is {0:.2f} ms^-1".format(self.v))
374       
375        elif self.a == "a":
376            if float(self.s) == 0:
377              return "zeroDivision error"
378            else:
379              self.a = (float(self.v)**2 - float(self.u)**2)/2*float(self.s)
380              if self.sA:
381                return [self.a,0]
382              else:
383                return("Acceleration is {0:.2f} ms^-2".format(self.a))
384              
385############################################
386
387
388
389
390
391##### GUI Classes #####
392
393# Parent class which hosts the structure of the GUI interface, subsequent pages are frames displayed on this GUI interface
394class GUI(tk.Tk):
395
396  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # Allows a variable amount of keyworded and non-keyworded arguements to be passed into the object
397
398    self.activeUser = "" # Stores the Username of a current user
399    
400    tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
401
402    tk.Tk.iconbitmap(self, default="NEALogo.ico") # Displays telescope icon to be displayed in left-hand corner of the GUI window
403    tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Physics Learning Aid") # Displays on the header of th GUI window
404
405    container = tk.Frame(self) # Container holds all elements of the frames and the toolbar
406    container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand = True)
407    container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # Weight attribute added to allow the rows and colunmns to display properly
408    container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
409
410    menubar = tk.Menu(container) # Creates the toolbar where students can easily access different pages
411    self.filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
412    self.filemenu.add_command(label="Home", state="disable", command = lambda: self.show_frame(homePage)) # Pages disabled until a user logs in
413    self.filemenu.add_command(label="1: Forces", state="disable", command = lambda: self.show_frame(forcesPage))
414    self.filemenu.add_command(label="2: Time Graphs", state="disable", command = lambda: self.show_frame(timeGraphsPage))
415    self.filemenu.add_command(label="3. SUVAT Revision", state="disable", command = lambda: self.show_frame(SUVATRevisionPage))
416    self.filemenu.add_command(label="Account", command = lambda: self.show_frame(accountPage))
417
418    helpmenu = tk.Menu(self.filemenu, tearoff=0) # Dropdown menu
419    helpmenu.add_command(label="General Help", command=self.helpme)
420    helpmenu.add_command(label="Application Help", command=self.helpme)
421    helpmenu.add_command(label="SUVAT Solver Help", command=self.helpme)
422    self.filemenu.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)
423
424    tk.Tk.config(self, menu=self.filemenu)
425
426    self.frames = {}
427
428    # Creates each individual page as an object is instanciated from the page classes
429    for page in (startPage, accountPage, changePasswordPage, loginPage, signupPage, adminLoginPage, adminPage, homePage, forcesPage, ScalarsVectorsPage, AdditionVectorsCalculationPage,
430                 AdditionVectorsScaleDrawingPage, ResolutionOfVectorsPage, InclinedPlaneVectorsPage, VectorsInEquilibriumPage, timeGraphsPage, GradientsPage, AreaUnderCurvePage, BouncingBallPage,
431                 SUVATRevisionPage, SUVATCheckerPage, SUVATSolverPage):
432
433      frame = page(container, self)
434
435      self.frames[page] = frame
436
437      frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
438
439    self.centreScreen(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
440
441  def helpme(self):
442    helpList = ["Please seek help from your teacher", "Ask your teacher for help, they're right behind you!", "Help Bot Open Hours -> 11:59PM SUN - 00:00AM MON\nPlease come back then", "Tough, help yourself, I'M BUSY",
443                "I'm in the Bahamas on holiday right now\n\nLEAVE\n\nME\n\nALONE"]
444    helpChoice = random.randrange(len(helpList))
445    helpComment = helpList[helpChoice-1]
446    messagebox.showinfo("Help Bot","Hi, you have requested help\n\n{}".format(helpComment), icon="info")
447
448  def enableWidgets(self):
449    self.filemenu.entryconfig("Home", state="normal")
450    self.filemenu.entryconfig("1: Forces", state="normal")
451    self.filemenu.entryconfig("2: Time Graphs", state="normal")
452    self.filemenu.entryconfig("3. SUVAT Revision", state="normal") 
453
454  def disableWidgets(self):
455    self.filemenu.entryconfig("Home", state="disable")
456    self.filemenu.entryconfig("1: Forces", state="disable")
457    self.filemenu.entryconfig("2: Time Graphs", state="disable")
458    self.filemenu.entryconfig("3. SUVAT Revision", state="disable")
459
460  def addScore(self, score):
461    if window.activeUser != "Admin" and window.activeUser != "":
462      USERNAMES[self.activeUser][1] += score
463  
464  def centreScreen(self, w, h): # Uses screen dimensions to centre the GUI window
465
466    ws = self.winfo_screenwidth()
467    hs = self.winfo_screenheight()
468
469    # Finds the top left coordinate that the GUI will be in order to be centered
470    x = (ws / 2) - (w / 2)
471    y = (hs / 2) - (w / 2)
472
473    # Align window with the top left coordinate
474    self.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (w, h, x, y)) # takes parameters as 'wxh+x+y'
475
476    self.show_frame(startPage)
477
478  def logout(self):
479    if self.activeUser != "" and self.activeUser != ADMIN[0]:
480      date = getCurrentDate()
481      USERNAMES[self.activeUser][2] = date
482      self.activeUser = ""
483      self.disableWidgets()
484      messagebox.showinfo("Logged out", "You have been logged out successfully")
485      saveUsers()
486    self.show_frame(startPage)
487
488  def show_frame(self, cont):
489
490    frame = self.frames[cont]
491    frame.tkraise() # When called it raises the given page to the top of the GUI
492
493### Start of Page Classes ###
494
495class startPage(tk.Frame):
496
497  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
498    
499    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
500    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Start Page", font=LARGEFONT)
501    self.title.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=30)
502
503    self.welcomeMsg = tk.Label(self, text = "Welcome to the Physics Learning Aid!")
504    self.label1  = tk.Label(self, text = "Are you a")
505    self.student = tk.Button(self, text = "Student", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(accountPage),height=2,width=20)
506    self.label2 = tk.Label(self, text = "or ")
507    self.teacher = tk.Button(self, text = "Teacher", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(adminLoginPage),height=2,width=20)
508
509    self.welcomeMsg.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=5, pady=20)
510    self.label1.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=5)
511    self.student.pack(side="top", pady=5)
512    self.label2.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=5)
513    self.teacher.pack(side="top", pady=5)
514
515class accountPage(tk.Frame):
516
517  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
518    
519    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
520    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Account Page", font=LARGEFONT)
521    self.title.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=30)
522    
523    self.login = tk.Button(self, text = "Existing User - Log in", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(loginPage),height=2,width=20)
524    self.signUp = tk.Button(self, text = "New User - Sign Up", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(signupPage),height=2,width=20)
525    self.logoutButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Log out", command=lambda: window.logout())
526    self.selectButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Score", command=lambda: showScore())
527    self.changePasswordButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Change Password", command=lambda: changePassword())
528
529    self.login.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=300, pady=20)
530    self.signUp.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=300, pady=5)
531    self.selectButton.pack(side="top", pady=20)
532    self.logoutButton.pack(side="bottom", pady=10)
533    self.changePasswordButton.pack(side="bottom")
534
535    # Displays the user's details, their username, current score and the date they last were on the program
536    def showScore():
537      if window.activeUser != "" and window.activeUser != "Admin":
538        score = USERNAMES[window.activeUser][1]
539        messagebox.showinfo("Your Details","Username : {0}\n\nScore : {1}".format(window.activeUser,score), icon="info")
540      else:
541        messagebox.showinfo("Error","Cannot display score\n\nYou are not logged in as a student", icon="warning")
542
543    def changePassword():
544      if window.activeUser != "" or window.activeUser != "Admin":
545        controller.show_frame(changePasswordPage)
546      else:
547        messagebox.showinfo("Error","Please login before trying to change your password", icon="warning")
548        self.login.focus()
549
550class changePasswordPage(tk.Frame):
551
552  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
553
554    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
555    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Change Password", font=LARGEFONT)
556    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
557
558    self.originalPasswordText = tk.Label(self, text = "Original Password:")
559    self.originalPasswordInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", show="*", width=30)
560    
561    self.newPasswordText = tk.Label(self, text = "New Password:")
562    self.newPasswordInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", show="*", width=30)
563
564    self.confirmPasswordText = tk.Label(self, text = "Confirm Password:")
565    self.confirmPasswordInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", show="*", width=30)
566
567    self.changePasswordButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Change Password", command=lambda: changePassword())
568
569    self.originalPasswordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
570    self.originalPasswordInput.pack(side="top")
571    self.originalPasswordInput.focus()
572    
573    self.newPasswordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
574    self.newPasswordInput.pack(side="top")
575    
576    self.confirmPasswordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
577    self.confirmPasswordInput.pack(side="top")
578
579    self.changePasswordButton.pack(side="top", fill="y", padx=20, pady=10)
580
581    def changePassword():
582
583      if self.originalPasswordInput.get() == USERNAMES[window.activeUser][0]:
584        if self.newPasswordInput.get() == self.confirmPasswordInput.get():
585          USERNAMES[window.activeUser][0] = self.newPasswordInput.get()
586          messagebox.showinfo("Password Changed","Your password has been changed successfully!", icon="info")
587          controller.show_frame(accountPage)
588        else:
589          messagebox.showinfo("Error","Your new and confirmation password do not match\nPlease try again", icon="warning")
590          self.newPasswordInput.delete(0,"end")
591          self.confirmPasswordInput.delete(0,"end")
592          self.newPasswordInput.focus()
593      else:
594          messagebox.showinfo("Error","Incorrect original password\nPlease try again", icon="warning")
595          self.originalPasswordInput.delete(0,"end")
596          self.newPasswordInput.delete(0,"end")
597          self.confirmPasswordInput.delete(0,"end")
598          self.newPasswordInput.focus()
599
600class loginPage(tk.Frame):
601
602  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
603
604    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
605    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Login", font=LARGEFONT)
606    self.title.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=30)
607
608    # User details entry boxes
609    self.usernameText = tk.Label(self, text = "Username:")
610    self.usernameInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
611    self.passwordText = tk.Label(self, text = "Password:")
612    self.passwordInput = tk.Entry(self, show="*", justify="center", width=30)
613
614    self.loginButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Login", command=lambda: login())
615
616    self.usernameText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
617    self.usernameInput.pack(side="top", pady=5)
618    self.usernameInput.focus()
619    self.passwordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
620    self.passwordInput.pack(side="top", pady=5)
621    self.loginButton.pack(side="top", pady="10")
622
623    def login(): # Validation ensuring username exists, and that the password given matches the saved password
624      if self.usernameInput.get() in USERNAMES:
625        if self.passwordInput.get() == USERNAMES[self.usernameInput.get()][0]:
626          window.activeUser = self.usernameInput.get()
627          messagebox.showinfo("Login Successful","Welcome back {0}".format(self.usernameInput.get()), icon = "info")
628          self.usernameInput.delete(0,"end") # Deletes value in entry box as it will not be removed automatically when a new frame is raised
629          self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
630          controller.show_frame(homePage)
631          window.enableWidgets()
632        else:
633          self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
634          messagebox.showinfo("Login Failed", "Incorrect Password", icon = "warning")
635          self.passwordInput.focus()
636      else:
637        self.usernameInput.delete(0,"end")
638        self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
639        messagebox.showinfo("Login Failed", "Username not found, please try again if you are an existing user\nIf not, register by clicking on the account tab at the top", icon = "warning")
640        self.usernameInput.focus()
641
642class signupPage(tk.Frame):
643
644  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
645
646    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
647    title = tk.Label(self, text="Sign Up", font=LARGEFONT)
648    title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
649  
650    self.firstNameText = tk.Label(self, text = "First Name:")
651    self.firstNameInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
652    
653    self.secondNameText = tk.Label(self, text = "Second Name:")
654    self.secondNameInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
655    
656    self.yearOfEntryText = tk.Label(self, text = "Year of Entry to SJP (YYYY):")
657    self.yearOfEntryInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
658
659    self.passwordText = tk.Label(self, text = "New Password:")
660    self.passwordInput = tk.Entry(self, show="*", justify="center", width=30)
661    
662    self.passwordText2 = tk.Label(self, text = "Confirm Password:")
663    self.passwordInput2 = tk.Entry(self, show="*", justify="center", width=30)
664
665    self.signupButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Register", command=lambda: signup())
666    
667    # Pack the elements onto the GUI window
668    self.firstNameText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
669    self.firstNameInput.pack(side="top")
670    self.firstNameInput.focus()
671    
672    self.secondNameText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
673    self.secondNameInput.pack(side="top")
674    
675    self.yearOfEntryText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
676    self.yearOfEntryInput.pack(side="top")
677    
678    self.passwordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
679    self.passwordInput.pack(side="top")
680    
681    self.passwordText2.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
682    self.passwordInput2.pack(side="top")
683
684    self.signupButton.pack(side="top", fill="y", padx=20, pady=10)
685
686    def signup():
687
688      # Create local variables that are easier to manipulate inside the function
689      firstName = self.firstNameInput.get()
690      secondName = self.secondNameInput.get()
691      yearOfEntry = self.yearOfEntryInput.get()
692      password = self.passwordInput.get()
693      
694      if firstName == "" or secondName == "" or yearOfEntry == "" or password == "":
695        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Please do not leave any fields blank", icon = "warning")
696      else:
697        if yearOfEntry.isdigit() == False:          
698            messagebox.showinfo("Invalid Year of Entry", "Please enter a valid 4 digit year", icon = "warning")
699            self.yearOfEntryInput.delete(0,"end")
700            self.yearOfEntryInput.focus()
701            
702        else:
703          if self.passwordInput.get() != self.passwordInput2.get():
704            messagebox.showinfo("Passwords do not match", "The passwords you entered did not match\n\nPlease ensure they match", icon = "warning")        
705            self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
706            self.passwordInput2.delete(0,"end")
707            self.passwordInput.focus()
708            
709          else:
710            newUsername = yearOfEntry[2:] + secondName.lower() + firstName[0].lower() # Creates a username, compiled from the student's year of entry, their surname and the first initial of their forename
711            if newUsername in USERNAMES:
712              messagebox.showinfo("Error!","That user already exists\n\nIf someone in your year shares your name, add a space on the end of your surname", icon = "warning")
713              self.firstNameInput.delete(0,"end")
714              self.secondNameInput.delete(0,"end")
715              self.yearOfEntryInput.delete(0,"end")
716              self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
717              self.passwordInput2.delete(0,"end")
718              self.firstNameInput.focus() # Resets the form and focuses the keyboard onto the first entry field 
719            else:
720              revisionScore = 0 # Each students starts with a score of 0, this will be added to and subtracted from when they perform tasks on the program
721              lastSession = [] # This will hold the date which the student last logged out on, it is overwritten when the user logs out of the program
722              USERNAMES[newUsername] = [password, revisionScore, lastSession] # Creates entry in the USERNAMES dictionary holding all the usernames, will later be pickled to the database when logging out
723
724              window.activeUser = newUsername # Assigns the active user as the newly registered user
725              
726              messagebox.showinfo("Registered","Welcome {0}".format(newUsername), icon = "info")
727
728              self.firstNameInput.delete(0,"end")
729              self.secondNameInput.delete(0,"end")
730              self.yearOfEntryInput.delete(0,"end")
731              self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
732              self.passwordInput2.delete(0,"end")
733              window.enableWidgets()
734              controller.show_frame(homePage)
735
736class adminLoginPage(tk.Frame):
737
738  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
739
740    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
741    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Admin Login Page", font=LARGEFONT)
742    self.title.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=30)
743
744    self.usernameText = tk.Label(self, text = "Admin Username:")
745    self.usernameInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
746    self.passwordText = tk.Label(self, text = "Admin Password:")
747    self.passwordInput = tk.Entry(self, show="*", justify="center", width=30)
748
749    self.loginButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Login", command=lambda: adminLogin())
750
751    self.usernameText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
752    self.usernameInput.pack(side="top", pady=5)
753    self.usernameInput.focus()
754    self.passwordText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
755    self.passwordInput.pack(side="top", pady=5)
756    self.loginButton.pack(side="top", pady="10")
757
758    def adminLogin():
759      if self.usernameInput.get() == ADMIN[0]:
760        if pbkdf2_sha256.verify(self.passwordInput.get(), ADMIN[1]):
761          window.activeUser = self.usernameInput.get()
762          messagebox.showinfo("Login Successful","Continue to Admin Page".format(self.usernameInput.get()), icon = "info")
763          self.usernameInput.delete(0,"end")
764          self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
765          controller.show_frame(adminPage)
766          window.enableWidgets()
767        else:
768          self.usernameInput.delete(0,"end")
769          self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
770          messagebox.showinfo("Login Failed", "Incorrect details", icon = "warning")
771          self.usernameInput.focus()
772      else:
773        self.usernameInput.delete(0,"end")
774        self.passwordInput.delete(0,"end")
775        messagebox.showinfo("Login Failed", "Incorrect details", icon = "warning")
776        self.usernameInput.focus()
777
778class adminPage(tk.Frame):
779
780  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
781
782    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
783    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Admin Page", font=LARGEFONT)
784    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
785
786    username = StringVar()
787    username.set("Usernames")
788
789    self.usernameText = tk.Label(self, text = "Select students to review details:")
790    self.usernamesList = list(USERNAMES) # Creates an array, holding all the key values from the dictionary USERNAMES
791    self.dropdown = OptionMenu(self, username, *self.usernamesList)
792
793    self.updateButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Update and Sort (Alphabetically)", command=lambda: updateUsernames())
794    self.selectButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Search", command=lambda: searchUsername())
795
796    self.usernameText.pack(side="top", padx=20, pady=5)
797    self.dropdown.pack(side="top", padx=20, pady=5)
798    self.updateButton.pack(side="top", pady=10)
799    self.selectButton.pack(side="top")
800
801    # Displays the user's details, their username, current score and the date they last were on the program
802    def searchUsername():
803      if username.get() in USERNAMES:
804        score = USERNAMES[username.get()][1]
805        lastSession = USERNAMES[username.get()][2]
806        messagebox.showinfo("User Details","Username : {0}\n\nScore : {1}\n\nLast Session : {2}/{3}/{4}".format(username.get(),score,lastSession[0],lastSession[1],lastSession[2]))
807        username.set("Usernames")
808
809    # Updates the usernames list, sorting them into alphabetical order of their username, allowing the teacher to easily search for a student
810    def updateUsernames():
811      username.set("Usernames")
812      self.dropdown["menu"].delete(0,"end")
813
814      self.usernamesList = list(USERNAMES) # Takes into account any new users
815      self.usernamesList = mergeSort(self.usernamesList) # Calls global function to merge sort the list of 
816      for each in self.usernamesList:
817        self.dropdown["menu"].add_command(label=each, command=tk._setit(username, each))
818      
819class homePage(tk.Frame):
820
821  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
822
823    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
824    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Learning Options Page", font=LARGEFONT)
825    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
826
827    self.welcomeMsg = tk.Label(self, text = "Welcome to the Physics Learning Aid!")
828    self.forcesButton = tk.Button(self, text = "1. Forces", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(forcesPage),height=2,width=20)
829    self.label1 = tk.Label(self, text = "or ")
830    self.timeGraphsButton = tk.Button(self, text = "2. Time Graphs", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(timeGraphsPage),height=2,width=20)
831    self.label2 = tk.Label(self, text = "or ")
832    self.SUVATRevisionButton = tk.Button(self, text = "3. SUVAT Revision", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(SUVATRevisionPage),height=2,width=20)
833
834    self.welcomeMsg.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=5, pady=20)
835    self.forcesButton.pack(side="top", pady=5)
836    self.label1.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=5)
837    self.timeGraphsButton.pack(side="top", pady=5)
838    self.label2.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=5)
839    self.SUVATRevisionButton.pack(side="top", pady=5)
840
841# Forces Pages #
842
843class forcesPage(tk.Frame):
844
845  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
846
847    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
848    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Forces Page", font=LARGEFONT)
849    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
850
851    self.label = tk.Label(self, text = "Forces Topics:", font = MEDIUMFONT)
852    self.ScalarsVectorsButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Scalars and Vectors", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ScalarsVectorsPage))
853    self.AdditionVectorsCalculationButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Addition of Vectors - Calculation", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(AdditionVectorsCalculationPage))
854    self.AdditionVectorsScaleDrawingButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Addition of Vectors - Scale Drawing", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(AdditionVectorsScaleDrawingPage))
855    self.ResolutionOfVectorsButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Resolution of Vectors", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(ResolutionOfVectorsPage))
856    self.VectorsInEquilibriumButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Vectors in Equilibrium", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(VectorsInEquilibriumPage))
857    self.InclinedPlaneVectorsButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Inclined Plane Vectors", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(InclinedPlaneVectorsPage))
858
859    self.label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
860    self.ScalarsVectorsButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
861    self.AdditionVectorsCalculationButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
862    self.AdditionVectorsScaleDrawingButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
863    self.ResolutionOfVectorsButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
864    self.VectorsInEquilibriumButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
865    self.InclinedPlaneVectorsButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
866
867class ScalarsVectorsPage(tk.Frame):
868
869  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
870
871    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
872    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Scalars and Vectors Page", font=LARGEFONT)
873    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
874
875    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
876    self.canvas.pack()
877
878    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
879    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
880
881    self.canvas.create_line(400, 0, 400, 350)
882    self.canvas.create_line(400, 400, 400, 500)
883    self.canvas.create_line(20, 375, 325, 375)
884    self.canvas.create_line(475, 375, 780, 375)    
885    
886    self.canvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Scalars", font = MEDIUMFONT)
887    self.canvas.create_line(100, 175, 300, 75, arrow=BOTH, arrowshape="2 1 10")
888    self.canvas.create_text(160, 100, text = "2 metres", font = LABELFONT)
889    self.canvas.create_text(200, 250, text = "Scalars have size / length / magnitude", font = LABELFONT)
890    self.canvas.create_text(200, 300, text = "They have no direction", font = MEDIUMFONT)
891    
892    self.canvas.create_text(600, 15, text = "Vectors", font = MEDIUMFONT)
893    self.canvas.create_text(500, 60, text = "North", font = LABELFONT)    
894    self.canvas.create_line(500, 175, 500, 75, arrow=LAST) # North arrow
895    self.canvas.create_line(500, 175, 700, 75, arrow=LAST) # Scalar arrow
896    self.canvas.create_arc(475, 150, 525, 200, start = 90.0, extent = -63.44)
897    self.canvas.create_text(660, 135, text = "2 metres", font = LABELFONT)
898    self.canvas.create_text(520, 140, text = "Θ", font = LABELFONT)
899    self.canvas.create_text(600, 250, text = "Vectors have size / length / magnitude", font = LABELFONT)
900    self.canvas.create_text(600, 300, text = "They also have a direction / bearing", font = LABELFONT)
901    
902    self.canvas.create_text(400, 375, text = "Examples", font = MEDIUMFONT)
903
904    self.canvas.create_text(120, 435, text = "Speed", font = MEDIUMFONT)
905    self.canvas.create_text(200, 470, text = "Mass", font = MEDIUMFONT)
906    self.canvas.create_text(280, 435, text = "Distance", font = MEDIUMFONT)
907
908    self.canvas.create_text(465, 435, text = "Velocity", font = MEDIUMFONT)
909    self.canvas.create_text(515, 470, text = "Force", font = MEDIUMFONT)
910    self.canvas.create_text(565, 435, text = "Weight", font = MEDIUMFONT)
911    self.canvas.create_text(650, 470, text = "Acceleration", font = MEDIUMFONT)
912    self.canvas.create_text(700, 435, text = "Displacement", font = MEDIUMFONT)
913
914    def returnForces():
915      window.addScore(2)
916      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
917      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
918
919class AdditionVectorsCalculationPage(tk.Frame):
920
921  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
922
923    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
924    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Addition of Vectors - Calculation Page", font=LARGEFONT)
925    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
926
927    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
928    self.canvas.pack()
929    
930    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
931    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
932
933    self.canvas.create_line(25, 150, 425, 20, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6")
934    self.canvas.create_rectangle(400, 125, 425, 150)
935    self.canvas.create_arc(-50, 100, 100, 200, extent = 25.5)
936    self.canvas.create_text(110, 135, text = "Θ", font = LABELFONT)
937    
938    self.canvas.create_line(425, 150, 425,50, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="red")
939    self.canvas.create_line(425, 50, 425, 20, fill="red")
940    self.canvas.create_line(25, 150, 375, 150, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="blue")
941    self.canvas.create_line(375, 150, 425, 150, fill="blue")
942    self.canvas.create_text(450, 75, text = "a", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
943    self.canvas.create_text(225, 170, text = "b", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
944    self.canvas.create_text(225, 50, text = "c", font = LABELFONT)
945
946    self.canvas.create_text(625, 75, text = """You will only ever be asked
947to add vectors by calculation
948with vectors at right angles
949
950Therefore, addition of vectors
951by calculation simply requires
952Pythagoras's Theorem""", font = LABELFONT)
953
954    self.canvas.create_text(175, 225, text = "PYTHAGORAS", font = LARGEFONT)
955    self.canvas.create_text(175, 275, text = "a^2 + b^2 = c^2", font = LARGEFONT)
956    self.canvas.create_text(175, 375, text = "TRIGONOMETRY", font = LARGEFONT)
957    self.canvas.create_text(175, 425, text = "tan Θ = a / b", font = LARGEFONT)
958    self.canvas.create_text(550, 325, text = """You may be asked to find the final vector
959after travelling along two vectors
960
961In which case, substitute in 'a' and 'b'
962and rearrange to find 'c'
963which will be your vector's magnitude
964Use trigonometry to find
965the angle of the vector""", font = LABELFONT)
966
967    def returnForces():
968      window.addScore(2)
969      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
970      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
971
972class AdditionVectorsScaleDrawingPage(tk.Frame):
973
974  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
975
976    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
977    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Addition of Vectors - Scale Drawing Page", font=LARGEFONT)
978    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
979
980    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
981    self.canvas.pack()
982
983    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
984    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
985
986    self.canvas.create_text(50, 10, text = "North", font = LABELFONT)
987    self.canvas.create_line(50, 200, 50, 20, dash=True, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4") # North Arrow
988    self.canvas.create_arc(25, 175, 75, 225, start = 90.0, extent = -45.0)
989
990    self.canvas.create_text(175, 10, text = "North", font = LABELFONT)
991    self.canvas.create_line(175, 75, 175, 20, dash=True, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4") # North Arrow
992    self.canvas.create_rectangle(175, 75, 190, 60)
993    
994    self.canvas.create_line(50, 200, 175, 75, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6", fill="red")
995    self.canvas.create_line(175, 75, 425, 75, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6", fill="blue")
996    self.canvas.create_text(160, 155, text = "10 KM\nVector a", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
997    self.canvas.create_text(300, 100, text = "20 KM\nVector b", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
998    self.canvas.create_text(75, 145, text = "45°", font = LABELFONT)   
999    self.canvas.create_text(620, 125, text = """You can be asked to add two vectors
1000by scale drawing
1001
1002The angle between these vectors is
1003NOT limited to right angles
1004
1005You must draw the vectors
1006to scale""", font = LABELFONT)    
1007
1008    self.canvas.create_text(400, 240, text = "DRAW TO SCALE - DECLARE YOUR SCALE", font = LARGEFONT)
1009    self.canvas.create_rectangle(15, 285, 145, 315)   
1010    self.canvas.create_text(80, 300, text = "1 KM = 1 CM", font = LABELFONT)
1011
1012    self.canvas.create_text(50, 340, text = "North", font = LABELFONT)
1013    self.canvas.create_line(50, 460, 50, 350, dash=True, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4") # North Arrow
1014    self.canvas.create_arc(25, 435, 75, 485, start = 90.0, extent = -72.5)
1015    self.canvas.create_text(65, 425, text = "Θ", font = LABELFONT)
1016    
1017    self.canvas.create_line(50, 460, 175, 335, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6", fill="red")
1018    self.canvas.create_line(175, 335, 425, 335, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6", fill="blue")
1019    self.canvas.create_text(120, 370, text = "a", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1020    self.canvas.create_text(280, 320, text = "b", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1021    self.canvas.create_text(150, 400, text = "10 CM", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1022    self.canvas.create_text(280, 355, text = "20 CM", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1023    self.canvas.create_line(50, 460, 425, 335, fill="red")
1024    self.canvas.create_line(50, 460, 425, 335, dash=True, fill="blue")
1025    self.canvas.create_text(300, 420, text = "Resultant Vector", font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1026
1027    self.canvas.create_text(620, 375, text = "For the magnitude, measure\nthe resultant vector using\na ruler\n\nFor the angle, measure\nΘ with a protractor", font = LABELFONT)    
1028
1029    def returnForces():
1030      window.addScore(2)
1031      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1032      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
1033
1034class ResolutionOfVectorsPage(tk.Frame):
1035
1036  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1037
1038    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1039    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Resolution of Vectors Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1040    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1041
1042    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
1043    self.canvas.pack()
1044
1045    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1046    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
1047
1048    self.canvas.create_line(50, 150, 450, 20, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6")
1049    self.canvas.create_line(50, 150, 50, 20, dash=True, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="red")
1050    self.canvas.create_line(50, 150, 450, 150, dash=True, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="blue")
1051    self.canvas.create_text(250, 50, text = "? ms^-1", font = LABELFONT)
1052    self.canvas.create_text(100, 75, text = "3 ms^-1", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1053    self.canvas.create_text(250, 175, text = "4 ms^-1", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1054    self.canvas.create_text(625, 100, text = """Similar to addition of vectors
1055by calculation
1056
1057Every vector has a vertical
1058and horizontal component
1059
1060Simply add the two components
1061in order to find the vector's
1062magnitude""", font = LABELFONT)
1063
1064    self.canvas.create_line(350, 390, 750, 240, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="16 20 6")
1065    self.canvas.create_rectangle(725, 365, 750, 390)
1066    self.canvas.create_arc(300, 340, 400, 440, extent = 20.5)
1067    self.canvas.create_text(420, 377, text = "Θ", font = LABELFONT)
1068    
1069    self.canvas.create_line(750, 390, 750, 290, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="red")
1070    self.canvas.create_line(750, 290, 750, 240, fill="red")
1071    self.canvas.create_line(350, 390, 700, 390, arrow=LAST, arrowshape="12 16 4", fill="blue")
1072    self.canvas.create_line(700, 390, 750, 390, fill="blue")
1073    self.canvas.create_text(775, 315, text = "a", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1074    self.canvas.create_text(550, 410, text = "b", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1075    self.canvas.create_text(550, 290, text = "c", font = LABELFONT)
1076
1077    self.canvas.create_text(100, 245, text = "a^2 + b^2 = c^2", font = LABELFONT)
1078    self.canvas.create_text(100, 295, text = "3^2 + 4^2 = c^2", font = LABELFONT)
1079    self.canvas.create_text(100, 345, text = "c^2 = 25", font = LABELFONT)
1080    self.canvas.create_text(100, 395, text = "c = 5", font = LABELFONT)
1081    self.canvas.create_text(310, 245, text = "arg Θ = 3 / 4", font = LABELFONT)
1082    self.canvas.create_text(310, 295, text = "Θ = tan^-1( 0.75 )", font = LABELFONT)
1083    self.canvas.create_text(310, 345, text = "Θ ≈ 53°", font = LABELFONT)
1084
1085    self.canvas.create_text(475, 465, text = "Vector Magnitude is 5 ms^-1, Vector Angle is 53°", font = LABELFONT)
1086
1087    def returnForces():
1088      window.addScore(2)
1089      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1090      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
1091
1092class VectorsInEquilibriumPage(tk.Frame):
1093
1094  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1095
1096    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1097    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Vectors In Equilibrium Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1098    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1099
1100    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
1101    self.canvas.pack()
1102
1103    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1104    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
1105
1106    self.canvas.create_text(400, 20, text = "F = ma", font = LARGEFONT)
1107    self.canvas.create_text(400, 50, text = "When an object is in equilibrium, the resultant force acting on it is 0", font = LABELFONT)
1108    self.canvas.create_text(400, 70, text = "If F = 0, ma = 0. Assuming the object has mass, when in equilibrium, acceleration = 0", font = LABELFONT)
1109    self.canvas.create_text(400, 90, text = "When acceleration = 0, the object has constant velocity", font = LABELFONT)
1110    # Underline
1111    self.canvas.create_line(160, 102, 640, 102)
1112
1113    # Page divider
1114    self.canvas.create_line(400, 110, 400, 490)
1115
1116    # At rest
1117    self.canvas.create_text(200, 135, text = "Objects in equilibrium - at rest", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1118    self.canvas.create_line(20, 260, 380, 260)
1119    self.canvas.create_rectangle(175, 210, 225, 260)
1120    self.canvas.create_oval(198, 233, 202, 237, fill="black")
1121    self.canvas.create_text(50, 250, text = "Table", font = SMALLFONT)
1122
1123    self.canvas.create_line(200, 160, 200, 235, fill="blue", arrow=FIRST)
1124    self.canvas.create_text(280, 185, text = "Reaction Force", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1125    self.canvas.create_line(200, 235, 200, 310, fill="red", arrow=LAST)
1126    self.canvas.create_text(165, 285, text = "Weight ", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1127
1128    self.canvas.create_text(200, 350, text = "The table supports the block by exerting a", font = LABELFONT)
1129    self.canvas.create_text(200, 390, text = "reaction force equal to the blocks weight", font = LABELFONT)
1130    self.canvas.create_text(200, 430, text = "Resultant force is 0 and so its acceleration", font = LABELFONT)
1131    self.canvas.create_text(200, 470, text = "is 0. Therefore it stays at rest", font = LABELFONT)
1132
1133    # Moving
1134    self.canvas.create_text(600, 135, text = "Objects in equilibrium - moving", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1135    self.canvas.create_text(600, 180, text = "Velocity = 30 ms^-1", font = LABELFONT)
1136    self.canvas.create_line(420, 290, 780, 290)
1137    try:
1138      self.Car = tk.PhotoImage(file = "NEACar1.png")
1139      self.canvas.create_image(600, 260, image=self.Car)
1140    except:
1141      self.canvas.create_text(600, 260, text = "Car Image not found")
1142    self.canvas.create_line(537, 260, 450, 260, fill="red", arrow=LAST)
1143    self.canvas.create_text(490, 240, text = "Thrust ", font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1144    self.canvas.create_line(663, 260, 750, 260, fill="blue", arrow=LAST)
1145    self.canvas.create_text(710, 230, text = "Air Resistance", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1146    self.canvas.create_line(635, 290, 750, 290, fill="blue", arrow=LAST)
1147    self.canvas.create_text(690, 305, text = "Friction", font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")    
1148
1149    self.canvas.create_text(600, 345, text = "If in equilibrium,", font = LABELFONT)
1150    self.canvas.create_text(600, 375, text = "Thrust = Air Resistance + Friction,", font = LABELFONT)
1151    self.canvas.create_text(600, 405, text = "so the overall force on the car is 0", font = LABELFONT)
1152    self.canvas.create_text(600, 435, text = "So its acceleration is 0", font = LABELFONT)
1153    self.canvas.create_text(600, 465, text = "Therefore it stays at its current velocity", font = LABELFONT)
1154
1155
1156    def returnForces():
1157      window.addScore(2)
1158      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1159      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
1160
1161class InclinedPlaneVectorsPage(tk.Frame):
1162
1163  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1164
1165    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1166    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Inclined Plane Vectors Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1167    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1168
1169    self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=800, height=500, bd=2)
1170    self.canvas.pack()
1171
1172    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1173    self.returnButton.pack(ipadx=10)
1174
1175    self.canvas.create_text(400, 25, text = "When an object is stationary on an inclined plane, 3 forces are acting on it", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1176    self.canvas.create_text(400, 50, text = "1. Weight of the object, acting vertically downwards", font = SMALLFONT)
1177    self.canvas.create_text(400, 75, text = "2. The Support / Reaction force, acting perpendicular to where the weight acts on the plane", font = SMALLFONT)
1178    self.canvas.create_text(400, 100, text = "3. Friction, acting parallel to the plane", font = SMALLFONT)
1179
1180    # Box
1181    self.canvas.create_polygon(120, 225, 160, 215, 150, 175, 110, 185, fill="white", outline="black")
1182    self.canvas.create_oval(133, 198, 137, 202, fill="black")
1183
1184    # Weight arrow
1185    self.canvas.create_line(135, 125, 135, 220, fill="green", arrow=LAST)
1186    self.canvas.create_text(160, 150, text = "Weight", fill="green")
1187
1188    # Support Arrow
1189    self.canvas.create_line(135, 220, 90, 135, fill="blue", arrow=LAST)
1190    self.canvas.create_text(70, 160, text = "Support", fill="blue")
1191
1192    # Friction Arrows
1193    self.canvas.create_line(90, 135, 135, 125, fill="red", arrow=LAST)
1194    self.canvas.create_text(105, 115, text = "Friction", fill="red")
1195    self.canvas.create_line(135, 220, 175, 210, fill="red", arrow=LAST)
1196
1197    # Triangle
1198    self.canvas.create_arc(-40, 190, 80, 310, extent = 14.0)
1199    self.canvas.create_line(20, 250, 500, 250, fill="green")
1200    self.canvas.create_line(500, 250, 420, 150, fill="red")
1201    self.canvas.create_line(20, 250, 420, 150, fill="blue")
1202    self.canvas.create_text(100, 240, text = "Θ", font = SMALLFONT)
1203
1204    self.canvas.create_text(650, 200, text = "As colour coordinated, one can see\nthat the rules of similar triangles\ncan be used\n\nThis allows us to form this triangle ↓", font = SMALLFONT)
1205
1206    # New Triangle
1207    self.canvas.create_arc(210, 390, 330, 510, extent = 14.0)
1208    self.canvas.create_line(270, 450, 750, 450, fill="green", arrow=FIRST)
1209    self.canvas.create_line(750, 450, 670, 350, fill="red", arrow=FIRST)
1210    self.canvas.create_line(270, 450, 670, 350, fill="blue", arrow=LAST)
1211    self.canvas.create_text(350, 440, text = "Θ", font = SMALLFONT)
1212    self.canvas.create_text(550, 465, text = "Weight", fill="green")
1213    self.canvas.create_text(470, 380, text = "Support", fill="blue")
1214    self.canvas.create_text(740, 390, text = "Friction", fill="red")
1215
1216    self.canvas.create_text(320, 350, text = """If asked to find out the angle of the inclined plane, use trigonometry
1217and your values of weight, support and friction to find Θ
1218
1219As the triangle's overall displacement is zero,
1220an unknown weight, support or friction force
1221will be equal to the negative sum of the
1222known values
1223e.g. W = -(S + F)""", font = LABELFONT)
1224    self.canvas.create_text(125, 475, text = "W + S + F = 0", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1225
1226    def returnForces():
1227      window.addScore(2)
1228      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1229      controller.show_frame(forcesPage)
1230
1231# Time Graoh Pages #
1232
1233class timeGraphsPage(tk.Frame):
1234
1235  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1236
1237    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1238    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Time Graphs Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1239    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1240
1241    self.label = tk.Label(self, text = "Time Graphs:", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1242    self.GradientsButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Gradients", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(GradientsPage))
1243    self.AreaUnderCurveButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Area Under Curve", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(AreaUnderCurvePage))
1244    self.BouncingBallbutton = tk.Button(self, text = "Experiment - Bouncing Ball", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(BouncingBallPage))
1245
1246    self.label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)
1247    self.GradientsButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
1248    self.AreaUnderCurveButton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
1249    self.BouncingBallbutton.pack(side="top", pady=15, ipadx=10)
1250
1251class GradientsPage(tk.Frame):
1252
1253  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1254
1255    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1256    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Gradients Of Time Graphs Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1257    self.title.grid(row=0 , column=0, columnspan=2, padx=10, pady=10)
1258
1259    self.distanceCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1260    self.distanceCanvas.grid(row=1, column=0)
1261    self.displacementCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1262    self.displacementCanvas.grid(row=1, column=1)
1263    self.speedCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1264    self.speedCanvas.grid(row=2, column=0)
1265    self.velocityCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1266    self.velocityCanvas.grid(row=2, column=1)
1267    self.accelerationCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1268    self.accelerationCanvas.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
1269
1270    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1271    self.returnButton.grid(row=4, column=0, ipadx=10)
1272
1273    self.scalarVectorLabel = tk.Label(self, text = "Blue = Scalar , Red = Vector")
1274    self.scalarVectorLabel.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=5)
1275
1276    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Distance - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1277    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1278    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1279    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="blue")
1280    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "d",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1281    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1282    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Gradient",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1283    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= d / t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1284    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "= Speed",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1285
1286    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Displacement - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1287    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1288    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1289    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1290    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1291    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1292    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Gradient",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1293    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= s / t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1294    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "= Velocity",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1295
1296    self.speedCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Speed - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1297    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1298    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1299    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="blue")
1300    self.speedCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1301    self.speedCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1302    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Gradient",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1303    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= s / t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1304    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Not needed for exam",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1305
1306    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Velocity - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1307    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1308    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1309    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1310    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "v",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1311    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1312    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Gradient",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1313    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= v / t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1314    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Acceleration",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1315
1316    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Acceleration - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1317    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1318    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1319    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1320    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "a",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1321    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1322    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Gradient",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1323    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= a / t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1324    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Not needed for exam",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1325    
1326    def returnForces():
1327      window.addScore(2)
1328      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1329      controller.show_frame(timeGraphsPage)
1330
1331class AreaUnderCurvePage(tk.Frame):
1332
1333  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1334
1335    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1336    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Area Under Curves Of Time Graphs Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1337    self.title.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=10, pady=10)
1338
1339    self.distanceCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1340    self.distanceCanvas.grid(row=1, column=0)
1341    self.displacementCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1342    self.displacementCanvas.grid(row=1, column=1)
1343    self.speedCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1344    self.speedCanvas.grid(row=2, column=0)
1345    self.velocityCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1346    self.velocityCanvas.grid(row=2, column=1)
1347    self.accelerationCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1348    self.accelerationCanvas.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
1349
1350    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1351    self.returnButton.grid(row=4, column=0, ipadx=10)
1352
1353    self.scalarVectorLabel = tk.Label(self, text = "Blue = Scalar , Red = Vector")
1354    self.scalarVectorLabel.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=5)
1355
1356    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Distance - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1357    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1358    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1359    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="blue")
1360    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "d",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1361    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1362    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Area Under Curve",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1363    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= d x t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1364    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Not needed for exam",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1365
1366    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Displacement - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1367    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1368    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1369    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1370    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1371    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1372    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Area Under Curve",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1373    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= s x t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1374    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Not needed for exam",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1375
1376    self.speedCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Speed - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1377    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1378    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1379    self.speedCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="blue")
1380    self.speedCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1381    self.speedCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1382    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Area Under Curve",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1383    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= s x t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1384    self.speedCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "= Distance",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1385
1386    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Velocity - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1387    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1388    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1389    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1390    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "v",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1391    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1392    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Area Under Curve",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1393    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= v x t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1394    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Displacement",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1395
1396    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Acceleration - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1397    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 50, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1398    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 200, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1399    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(50, 135, 195, 40, fill="red")
1400    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(25, 85, text = "a",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1401    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(125, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1402    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 55, text = "Area Under Curve",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1403    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 85, text = "= a x t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1404    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(300, 115, text = "Velocity",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1405
1406    def returnForces():
1407      window.addScore(2)
1408      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1409      controller.show_frame(timeGraphsPage)
1410
1411class BouncingBallPage(tk.Frame):
1412
1413  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1414
1415    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1416    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="Bouncing Ball Example Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1417    self.title.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, padx=10, pady=10)
1418
1419    self.bouncingBallCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1420    self.bouncingBallCanvas.grid(row=1, column=0)
1421    self.distanceCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1422    self.distanceCanvas.grid(row=1, column=1)
1423    self.displacementCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1424    self.displacementCanvas.grid(row=2, column=0)
1425    self.speedCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1426    self.speedCanvas.grid(row=2, column=1)
1427    self.velocityCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1428    self.velocityCanvas.grid(row=3, column=0)
1429    self.accelerationCanvas = Canvas(self, width=400, height=160, bd=2)
1430    self.accelerationCanvas.grid(row=3, column=1)
1431
1432    self.returnButton = tk.Button(self, text = "Return - Click to earn points for visiting this revision page", command=lambda: returnForces())
1433    self.returnButton.grid(row=4, column=0, ipadx=10)
1434
1435    self.scalarVectorLabel = tk.Label(self, text = "Blue = Scalar , Red = Vector")
1436    self.scalarVectorLabel.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=5)
1437
1438    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_oval(50, 10, 90, 50, fill="gray40", outline="gray40")
1439    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_oval(50, 150, 90, 110, fill="gray40", outline="gray40")
1440    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_line(60, 50, 60, 110, width=2)
1441    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_line(80, 50, 80, 110, width=2)
1442    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_line(60, 50, 45, 65, width=2)
1443    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_line(80, 110, 95, 95, width=2)
1444    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_line(20, 152, 130, 152, width = 3)
1445    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_text(265, 30, text = "Common Exam Question", font = MEDIUMFONT)
1446    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_text(265, 70, text = "Ball projected upward, whilst", font = SMALLFONT)
1447    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_text(265, 100, text = "in the air, it is acted on", font = SMALLFONT)
1448    self.bouncingBallCanvas.create_text(265, 130, text = "by gravity only", font = SMALLFONT)
1449
1450    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Distance - Time Graph", font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1451    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 125, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1452    self.distanceCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 275, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1453    self.distanceCanvas.create_arc(127, 85, 275, 185, start=90, extent=90, style="arc", outline="blue")
1454    self.distanceCanvas.create_arc(127, -15, 275, 85, start=-90, extent=90, style="arc", outline="blue")
1455    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(100, 85, text = "d",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1456    self.distanceCanvas.create_text(200, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1457
1458    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Displacement - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1459    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 125, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1460    self.displacementCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 275, 135, width = 3, fill="red")
1461    self.displacementCanvas.create_arc(127, 35, 275, 235, extent=180, style="arc", outline="red")
1462    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(100, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1463    self.displacementCanvas.create_text(200, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1464
1465    self.speedCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Speed - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="blue")
1466    self.speedCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 125, 35, width = 3, fill="blue")
1467    self.speedCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 275, 135, width = 3, fill="blue")
1468    self.speedCanvas.create_arc(127, -60, 275, 133, extent=-180, style="arc", outline="blue")
1469    self.speedCanvas.create_text(100, 85, text = "s",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1470    self.speedCanvas.create_text(200, 153, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="blue")
1471
1472    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Velocity - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1473    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 125, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1474    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(125, 85, 275, 85, width = 3, fill="red")
1475    self.velocityCanvas.create_line(125, 35, 275, 135, fill="red")
1476    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(100, 85, text = "v",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1477    self.velocityCanvas.create_text(295, 85, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1478
1479    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(200, 15, text = "Acceleration - Time Graph",font = MEDIUMFONT, fill="red")
1480    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(125, 135, 125, 35, width = 3, fill="red")
1481    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(125, 85, 275, 85, width = 3, fill="red")
1482    self.accelerationCanvas.create_line(125, 50, 275, 50, fill="red")
1483    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(100, 85, text = "a",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1484    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(295, 85, text = "t",font = LABELFONT, fill="red")
1485    self.accelerationCanvas.create_text(329, 49, text = "= 9.8 ms^-1",font = SMALLFONT, fill="red")
1486
1487    def returnForces():
1488      window.addScore(2)
1489      messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earned 2 points for visiting this page", icon = "info")
1490      controller.show_frame(timeGraphsPage)
1491
1492# SUVAT Revision Pages #
1493
1494class SUVATRevisionPage(tk.Frame):
1495
1496  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1497    
1498    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1499    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="SUVAT Revision Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1500    self.title.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=30)
1501
1502    self.SUVATCheckerButton = tk.Button(self, text = "SUVAT Checker", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(SUVATCheckerPage),height=2,width=20)
1503    self.label1 = tk.Label(self, text = "or ")
1504    self.SUVATSolverButton = tk.Button(self, text = "SUVAT Solver", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(SUVATSolverPage),height=2,width=20)
1505
1506    self.SUVATCheckerButton.pack(side="top", pady=5)
1507    self.label1.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=5)
1508    self.SUVATSolverButton.pack(side="top", pady=5)
1509
1510class SUVATCheckerPage(tk.Frame):
1511
1512  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1513
1514    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1515    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="SUVAT Checker Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1516    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1517
1518    # Instructions explaining to the user what to enter into each entry field
1519    self.instructions = tk.Label(self, text = """You should have 3 known values, and an unknown value that you want to find
1520For each of the boxes below, either:
15211. The value is known so type it into the box
15222. The value is unknown and the value you want to find, type in 'A'
15233. The value is unknown and not the value you want to find, type in 'X'
1524
1525Enter your answer in the box by the check button (Please enter your answer to 2 decimal places. No units!)
1526A correct answer will earn you 10 points
1527An incorrect answer will lose you 1 point
1528""")
1529    
1530    self.displacementText = tk.Label(self, text = "Displacement:")
1531    self.displacementInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1532    
1533    self.initialVelocityText = tk.Label(self, text = "Initial Velocity:")
1534    self.initialVelocityInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1535    
1536    self.finalVelocityText = tk.Label(self, text = "Final Velocity:")
1537    self.finalVelocityInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1538    
1539    self.accelerationText = tk.Label(self, text = "Acceleration:")
1540    self.accelerationInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1541    
1542    self.timeTakenText = tk.Label(self, text = "Time Taken:")
1543    self.timeTakenInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1544
1545    self.userAnswerText = tk.Label(self, text = "Your Answer: (Please enter your answer to 2 decimal places. No units!)\nSeparate dual answers with a single comma, no spaces!")
1546    self.userAnswerInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1547    self.submitButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Check", command=lambda: Solve())
1548
1549    self.instructions.pack(side="top", fill="x")
1550
1551    self.displacementText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1552    self.displacementInput.pack(side="top")
1553    self.displacementInput.focus()
1554    
1555    self.initialVelocityText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1556    self.initialVelocityInput.pack(side="top")
1557    
1558    self.finalVelocityText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1559    self.finalVelocityInput.pack(side="top")
1560    
1561    self.accelerationText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1562    self.accelerationInput.pack(side="top")
1563    
1564    self.timeTakenText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1565    self.timeTakenInput.pack(side="top")
1566
1567    self.userAnswerText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1568    self.userAnswerInput.pack(side="top", pady=5)    
1569    self.submitButton.pack(side="bottom", fill="y", padx=20, pady=5)
1570
1571    def Solve():
1572
1573      def deleteEntryFields():
1574        self.displacementInput.delete(0,"end")
1575        self.initialVelocityInput.delete(0,"end")
1576        self.finalVelocityInput.delete(0,"end")
1577        self.accelerationInput.delete(0,"end")
1578        self.timeTakenInput.delete(0,"end")
1579
1580      def response(message1, message2, score, add):
1581        messagebox.showinfo("{0}".format(message1),"{0}".format(message2), icon = "info")
1582        if add:
1583          window.addScore(score)
1584          messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You earnt {0} points for beating PHYSICS".format(score), icon = "info")
1585        else:
1586          window.addScore(-score)
1587          messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You lost {0} points for losing to PHYSICS".format(score), icon = "info")
1588        
1589      try:
1590        s = self.displacementInput.get().lower()
1591      except:
1592        s = self.displacementInput.get()
1593      try:
1594        u = self.initialVelocityInput.get().lower()
1595      except:
1596        u = self.initialVelocityInput.get()
1597      try:
1598        v = self.finalVelocityInput.get().lower()
1599      except:
1600        v = self.finalVelocityInput.get()
1601      try:
1602        a = self.accelerationInput.get().lower()
1603      except:
1604        a = self.accelerationInput.get()
1605      try:
1606        t = self.timeTakenInput.get().lower()
1607      except:
1608        t = self.timeTakenInput.get()
1609
1610      suvat = [s,u,v,a,t]
1611      
1612      Xcount = 0
1613      Acount = 0
1614      numberCount = 0
1615      for each in suvat:
1616        if each.lower() == "x": # Increments
1617          Xcount += 1
1618        elif each.lower() == "a":
1619          Acount += 1
1620
1621        if each.isdigit(): # Used to ensure 3 values are numbers and stops the program crashing from attempting to convert letters into float numbers
1622          numberCount += 1
1623        elif "-" in each or "." in each:
1624          numberCount += 1
1625
1626      if "" in suvat:
1627        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Leave no fields blank", icon="warning")    
1628      elif Acount == 0:
1629        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","No value given as 'A'", icon="warning")
1630      elif Acount > 1:
1631        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Only one value can be given as 'A'", icon="warning")
1632      elif Xcount == 0:
1633        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","No value given as 'X'", icon="warning")
1634      elif Xcount > 1:
1635        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Only one value can be given as 'X'", icon="warning")
1636      elif numberCount != 3:
1637        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Three values entered must be numbers", icon="warning")
1638      else:
1639        Solver = SUVAT(s,u,v,a,t,shortAnswer=True) # Calls the Solving algorithm, passing through the parameters given by the user
1640        # shortAnswer is True, so only the value is returned, no text
1641        answer = Solver.initiate() # Returns the answer(s) from the SUVAT equations
1642
1643        if answer == "None": # If an error occurs in the mathematics, 'None' is returned and this stops an error occuring
1644          messagebox.showinfo("Error","Invalid details inputted, try again", icon = "warning")
1645
1646        else:
1647          if answer == "zeroDivision error":
1648            messagebox.showinfo("Error","Invalid details inputted, resulting in a calculation involving a division by 0\n\nCheck your numbers", icon = "warning")
1649
1650          else:
1651            userAnswer = self.userAnswerInput.get()
1652            
1653            if "," in userAnswer: # Comma suggests the answer has two parts, and so continues onto code that compares two answers
1654              userAnswer1, userAnswer2 = userAnswer.split(",") # Splits the answers into two variables
1655              answer1, answer2 = "{:.2f}".format(answer[0]), "{:.2f}".format(answer[1]) # Converts answers from SUVAT() into 2 decimal place variables
1656              userAnswer1, userAnswer2 = "{:.2f}".format(float(userAnswer1)), "{:.2f}".format(float(userAnswer2))
1657
1658              if userAnswer1 == answer1:
1659                  if userAnswer2 == answer2:
1660                    response("Correct!!", "You got both answers correct", 15, True)
1661                    deleteEntryFields()
1662
1663                  else: # First correct, second incorrect
1664                    response("Incorrect!!", "Your second answer was wrong, try again", 1, False)
1665                    self.userAnswerInput.delete(",","end")
1666
1667              else: # First answer is incorrect
1668                if userAnswer2 == answer2: # 
1669                  response("Incorrect!!", "Your first answer was wrong, try again", 1, False)
1670                  self.userAnswerInput.delete(0,",")
1671
1672                else:
1673                  if userAnswer1 == answer2:# If user enters dual answers in wrong order, compare opposite answers
1674                    if userAnswer2 == answer1: 
1675                      response("Correct!!", "You got both answers correct", 15, True)
1676                      deleteEntryFields()
1677
1678                    else: # First answer correct, second incorrect
1679                      response("Incorrect!!", "Your second answer was wrong, try again", 1, False)
1680                      self.userAnswerInput.delete(0,",")
1681                      
1682                  elif userAnswer2 == answer1:
1683                    response("Incorrect!!", "Your first answer was wrong, try again", 1, False)
1684                    self.userAnswerInput.delete(",","end")
1685
1686                  else:                  
1687                    response("Incorrect!!", "You got both answers wrong, try again", 2, False)
1688                    self.userAnswerInput.delete(0,"end")
1689
1690            else: # No comma so only one part, so only us the first element in array 'answer'
1691              answer = "{0:.2f}".format(answer1)
1692              if userAnswer == answer:
1693                response("Correct!!", "You got the right answer!!", 10, True)
1694                deleteEntryFields()
1695
1696              else:
1697                response("Incorrect!!", "You entered the wrong answer", 1, False)
1698                self.userAnswerInput.delete(0,"end")
1699    
1700class SUVATSolverPage(tk.Frame):
1701
1702  def __init__(self, parent, controller):
1703
1704    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
1705    self.title = tk.Label(self, text="SUVAT Solver Page", font=LARGEFONT)
1706    self.title.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
1707
1708    self.instructions = tk.Label(self, text = """You should have 3 known values, and an unknown value that you want to find
1709For each of the boxes below, either:
17101. The value is known so type it into the box
17112. The value is unknown and the value you want to find, type in 'A'
17123. The value is unknown and not the value you want to find, type in 'X'
1713
1714Warning!!! Every answer you seek from this tool with remove 5 points from your account!
1715""")
1716    
1717    self.displacementText = tk.Label(self, text = "Displacement:")
1718    self.displacementInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1719    
1720    self.initialVelocityText = tk.Label(self, text = "Initial Velocity:")
1721    self.initialVelocityInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1722    
1723    self.finalVelocityText = tk.Label(self, text = "Final Velocity:")
1724    self.finalVelocityInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1725    
1726    self.accelerationText = tk.Label(self, text = "Acceleration:")
1727    self.accelerationInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1728    
1729    self.timeTakenText = tk.Label(self, text = "Time Taken:")
1730    self.timeTakenInput = tk.Entry(self, justify="center", width=30)
1731
1732    self.submitButton = tk.Button(self,text = "Solve", command=lambda: Solve())
1733
1734    self.instructions.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=15)
1735
1736    self.displacementText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1737    self.displacementInput.pack(side="top")
1738    self.displacementInput.focus()
1739    
1740    self.initialVelocityText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1741    self.initialVelocityInput.pack(side="top")
1742    
1743    self.finalVelocityText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1744    self.finalVelocityInput.pack(side="top")
1745    
1746    self.accelerationText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1747    self.accelerationInput.pack(side="top")
1748    
1749    self.timeTakenText.pack(side="top", fill="x", padx=20, pady=5)
1750    self.timeTakenInput.pack(side="top")
1751
1752    self.submitButton.pack(side="top", fill="y", padx=20, pady=10)
1753
1754    def Solve():
1755
1756      # Validation Statements
1757      
1758      try:
1759        s = self.displacementInput.get().lower()
1760      except:
1761        s = self.displacementInput.get()
1762      try:
1763        u = self.initialVelocityInput.get().lower()
1764      except:
1765        u = self.initialVelocityInput.get()
1766      try:
1767        v = self.finalVelocityInput.get().lower()
1768      except:
1769        v = self.finalVelocityInput.get()
1770      try:
1771        a = self.accelerationInput.get().lower()
1772      except:
1773        a = self.accelerationInput.get()
1774      try:
1775        t = self.timeTakenInput.get().lower()
1776      except:
1777        t = self.timeTakenInput.get()
1778
1779      suvat = [s,u,v,a,t]
1780      
1781      Xcount = 0
1782      Acount = 0
1783      numberCount = 0
1784      for each in suvat:
1785        if each.lower() == "x":
1786          Xcount += 1
1787        elif each.lower() == "a":
1788          Acount += 1
1789
1790        if each.isdigit(): # Used to ensure 3 values are numbers and stops the program crashing from attempting to convert letters into float numbers
1791          numberCount += 1
1792        elif "-" in each or "." in each:
1793          numberCount += 1
1794
1795      if "" in suvat:
1796        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Leave no fields blank", icon="warning")
1797      elif Acount == 0:
1798        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","No value given as 'A'", icon="warning")
1799      elif Acount > 1:
1800        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Only one value can be given as 'A'", icon="warning")
1801      elif Xcount == 0:
1802        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","No value given as 'X'", icon="warning")
1803      elif Xcount > 1:
1804        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Only one value can be given as 'X'", icon="warning")
1805      elif numberCount != 3:
1806        messagebox.showinfo("Error!","Three values entered must be numbers", icon="warning")
1807      else:
1808        Solver = SUVAT(s,u,v,a,t,shortAnswer=False) # Calls the Solving algorithm, passing through the parameters given by the user, shortAnswer=False means worded solution returned 
1809        answer = Solver.initiate()
1810        if answer == "None":
1811          messagebox.showinfo("Error","Invalid values inputted, try again", icon = "warning")
1812
1813        else:
1814          if answer == "zeroDivision error":
1815            messagebox.showinfo("Error","Invalid details inputted, resulting in a calculation involving a division by 0\n\nCheck your numbers", icon = "warning")
1816
1817          else:
1818            messagebox.showinfo("Answer","{0}".format(answer), icon = "info")
1819            window.addScore(-5)
1820            messagebox.showinfo("Score Updated","You lost 5 points for cheating PHYSICS by just wanting an answer", icon = "info")
1821            deleteEntryFields()
1822
1823
1824    def deleteEntryFields():
1825      self.displacementInput.delete(0,"end")
1826      self.initialVelocityInput.delete(0,"end")
1827      self.finalVelocityInput.delete(0,"end")
1828      self.accelerationInput.delete(0,"end")
1829      self.timeTakenInput.delete(0,"end")
1830
1831#############################
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837##### Tkinter Runtime #####
1838
1839def exitProgram():
1840  if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you wish to quit?"):
1841    window.logout()
1842    window.destroy()
1843
1844if runProgram: # If any python modules are missing, the Tkinter window will not be called and the program will cease
1845  window = GUI()
1846  window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", exitProgram) # If 'x' in top right corner of GUI window pressed, call exitProgram()
1847  window.mainloop()
1848
1849###########################