· 7 years ago · Apr 09, 2018, 09:16 PM
1Amidst the heart of the crisis, the Papen Government in Germany would quickly react to the crisis in an attempt to fight back the looming crisis caused by Black Monday. The government’s main focus would be on banks, with millions of reichsmarks being diverted to keeping banks afloat through massive bailout operations. As part of the same effort, bank deposits and creditors of the nation's banks would be fully guaranteed by the government. This would greatly anger the left, from the radical Syndicalists to the Moderate SPD, who believed too much emphasis was being put on banks and too little on actually protecting the poorer of society, as well as other sectors of the German Economy.
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3Oswald Mosley, leader of the totalist movement and Commissary for the Exchequer for the Union of Britain, calls a international meeting of other like-minded men in Birmingham, to discuss the future of their way of thinking. After much discussion, Mosley as well as the other attendants announced the creation of the Totalist Charter, a new political manifesto that outlined their beliefs regarding the socialist future. The charter called for a radical change in the direction from traditional Syndicalist and Radical Socialist approaches, calling for a unitary, centralized state under a strong executive government to spearhead the growth of socialism. The charter also also stated that, for the construction of true and longstanding Socialism, Democracy was not required, and much on the contrary would work against its establishment. Besides Mosley himself, many other prominent leaders of the International Maximist movement signed the document, including Benito Mussolini, Georges Valois, Levantry Beria, Dolores Ibarruri and Earl Browder, among others.
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5In the French Commune, the Government of Marceau Pivert, under great scrutiny from the nation’s congress since the end of last year, is finally subjected to a motion of no confidence which narrowly passes, ejecting him as head of government of the Commune. This prompts Chairman Faure to immediately call for new elections to select a new executive, which are poised to be perhaps the most divisive one in the Commune’s history, with strong participation from the Totalist Jacobin and Sorelian factions, as well as the more traditional Travailleur and Anarchiste groups.
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7The Communards go to the polls and elect their new government. The results would not be anything terribly surprising, with the Syndicalists winning the majority of positions within the executive, alongside a few anarchists, with the real losers being the Jacobin and Sorelian factions, that were not able to attain any seat in the Committee of Public Safety being entirely locked out of government affairs. Clearly another triumph of the Syndicalist and Socialist movements over the more authoritarian tendencies of Totalist factions.
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9For the Committee of Public Safety, the young Franco-Algerian anarchist Albert Camus would be elected to head the Renseignements Généraux, the Syndicalist leader Charles Rappaport would be made Delegate of Foreign Affairs, Benoit Frachon would be made Delegate of Financial affairs and Boris Souvarine would be elected to the position of Chairman of the Committee of Public Safety, leading the new government. Curiously enough, Marceau Pivert would once again be voted into government, this time for the role of Internal Affairs delegate of the commune.
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11A few days after the election, Chairman Faure would present to the Bourse Générale du Travail his letter of resignation and promptly resign his long-standing role as Head of State of the Commune. Quick elections would be once again held to select his successor, with the vast Syndicalist majority of the BGT electing Comrade Frachon, newly appointed Financial Delegate of the Commune, to the position. He would accept the position and quickly take up his new post.
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13Frachon’s first act as Chairman would be to call for a very large expansion of the communard armed forces, recruiting a total of 4 new military units and ordering for the beginning of the construction of 3 new fleets. Alongside the fleet construction itself, large amounts of funds were specified to the use of carrier research, further developing the Commune’s understanding of carrier class ships. The revanchist propaganda employed by the Syndicalist faction during the election would serve this action well, with thousands of young frenchmen enthusiastically volunteering to serve among the now expanded ranks of the army and navy. Such rapid buildup of the Commune’s military has yet again sparked animosity with the neighbouring German Empire and the newly declared French Empire in the other side of the mediterranean.
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15Led by Internal Affairs delegate Pivert, generous investments would be made into the commune’s education system, improving the curriculum, the training of teachers and building better infrastructure, with the final objective of better educating the young communards in order to better fulfill the so desired socialist future.
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17To the south of the Commune in little Andorra, Emperor Napoleon VI of the New French Empire, recently inaugurated as the new Co-Prince, would make significant investments into the small country, giving aid for the establishment of a local militia and investing in the construction of fortifications in the principality.
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19In Spain, the King would take a drastic decision and outlaw the CNT-FAI faction, one of the strongest Anarcho-Syndicalist organisations in the globe. The Spanish Royal police would lead for a massive crackdown of the organisation’s headquarters, and the Army would be sent into Barcelona, the heart of the organisation, to establish order and possibly capture the movement’s leaders. However, much to their dismay, they would find most of the leadership had already fled to somewhere unknown, possibly France or Britain.
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21Yet resistance would remain strong, as the syndicalist and anarchist sentiments would remain in staunch opposition to the government. Several killings of government officials would be carried out, and a wave of terrorist attacks focusing in the nation’s capital of Madrid would be carried out by CNT sympathizers, which killed many members of the current government and the Spanish military, including the nation’s Internal Security Minister, who would fall to a car bomb.
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23In Russia, the chaotic legislature attempts its best at ruling a nation falling apart. The Socialist Revolutionary and Kadet coalition previously kept together by Kerensky was quick to fall apart, with new coalitions being formed and new alliances carved. After much discussion, the Conservative bloc in the Russian Senate would promptly elect Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich Romanov, speaker of the Senate and De-facto Vice President of Russia, to the office of the Presidency. A new alliance, composed of the October 17 Union, the People’s State Party and the Russian All-Military Alliance would form a new government under the President, appointing the People’s State Party Chairman Vladimir Purishkevich as Prime Minister.
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25Purishkevich would then take a radical decision, and use the majority of Russia’s funds to pay off the almost complete entirety of Russia’s deficit, riding vast amounts of the Republic’s growing debt. The decision was a controversial one, for on one hand while Russia was now free of its largest deficit burdens, the Republic’s coffers, already somewhat in a precarious state, were left practically empty, making the nation’s financial future even more uncertain.
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27Alongside that, the rabid anti-Bolshevik Purishkevich would begin a propaganda campaign against the rising tide of Bolshevism by distributing pamphlets across the working class neighbourhoods of St. Petersburg denouncing the movement. It was to little effect, and many reports of Propaganda agents being attacked and harmed would come in the following days.
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29Due to the death of President Kerensky, and the chaos it caused within the ranks of the Russian Government, the leaders of the Alash Orda declare the country’s full and complete independence from the Russian Republic. This results in several small clashes between Russian border guards and Alash loyalists, leading to a few deaths on both sides, but nothing big enough to spark any major incident.
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31Across the mediterranean, in the French exiled Government, great political change is seen. The National Assembly now based in Algiers issues a radical proclamation, declaring the French Republican experiment a failure and officially ending the Fourth French Republic. In its place, the Conservative and Monarchists factions within the Assembly and the Junta chose to restore France’s status as an empire and declare the Third Empire, inviting Louis Jérôme Victor Emmanuel Léopold Marie Bonaparte to take on the throne of Emperor, an invitation of which he accepted. Marshal Petain would be escorted out of his office by Colonel De Gaulle and a guard of French soldiers into retirement.
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33A few weeks afterwards, young Louis Bonaparte would be crowned Emperor Napoleon VI of France in a lavish ceremony in the Algiers, spectated by all from Persian Emissaries, the King of Sardinia, the King of the Two Sicilies, King Edward of Canada and several sub-saharan tribal leaders and rulers, who swore their fealty to the Emperor and the Empire immediately after. Many other relatives and members of the House of Bonaparte would also attend the event. In a first decree following the coronation, Emperor Napoleon VI would declare and appoint Colonel Charles De Gaulle as Prime Minister and Head of Government of the Newborn Empire.
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35In a joint declaration, Emperor and Prime Minister would declare all of French West Africa as Integral territory of France, turning all its residents into French Citizens, enabling all of them to join the French army, enlist in the civil service, etc. The slow integration of the territory is expected to last a few years but has already improved the standing of the Government in Algiers with the people of West Africa. As part of the greater Integration efforts, the new government would also issue the Imperial Proclamation on the Inner Territories of the Sahara, taking several measure to better assimilate the Tuareg tribes into the new nation by including them in government affairs, the civil service, the army and through other measure such as the abolishment of slavery with due compensation.
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37The French would also declare the independence of the Sierra Leone territory, that had been occupied by the French in 1925 following the British Revolution. Citing cultural differences as a hampering to progress in the region, the province of Sierra Leone was declared a sovereign parliamentary constitutional monarchy with King Edward of Canada as Monarch, and Mr. Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston as Prime Minister, who is expected to lead the new nation through a 3 year transitional period until the new government can be fully and completely be put in control of the nation.
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39The new government also announces the beginning of several large scale infrastructure projects. The first one would be an expansion of the Dakar-Niger Railway, having in mind the ultimate connection of Algiers to the rest of French West Africa. Thousands of natives are hired to work in the construction of the first part of the project, that intents to connect the current end of the railway in Koulikoro to Timbuktu. The second project is focused in the dredging of certain parts of the Niger River, as well as the construction of bridges and new embankments.
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41And ultimately, following its naturally revanchist policy, Prime Minister De Gaulle gets authorization from the National Assembly to make huge investments into the military sector, building several new factories dedicated to the construction of bombers and tanks, as well as a renewed investment into the French Navy, with Admiral Darlan leading an effort to improve the Imperial Navy’s warship capacity. Also, in order to better adapt to combat in the more hostile climatic and geographic conditions of Africa, Prime Minister De Gaulle orders for an increased focus in adapting the nation’s military doctrine to better suit desert and tropical warfare, possibly preparing for any future planned incursion within the African continent.
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43The government of South Africa would sign several treaties with European (especially Nordic) nations that would allow for a increased influx of immigration to the country. Good investments would be made to further better the process, and hundreds of new immigrants would come seeking a new life in South Africa, either in search of a brand new experience and escaping the rapidly escalating political tensions in Europe. Upon their arrival, they would be aided in several ways including through the giving of free Afrikaans classes, paid for by the government. The amount of immigration has continued to grow steadily for the past months.
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45The South African government would make a big investment into infrastructure, improving old British-built roads and railroads in order to increase the nation’s economic output and sponsor the further settling of the countryside, as well as the expansion of more towns. The measure would be a success and the country’s economy would see an uplift among the effects of Black monday.
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47The South African parliament would also approve new defense measures, authorizing for the recruiting of a new military unit and the construction of a new air unit.
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49In the political cycle, members of the ruling party would make staunch calls for bipartisanship within the government. Surrounded by the Syndicalist and the German threat, the Government would call for the different factions within South Africa to unite to fight off the the dangers that enveloped the nation. While it was a certainly welcome change of thought, more work will need to be done between the government and the opposition to establish such bipartisan dreams.
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51In Canada, King George V finally succumbs to illness and passes away in his sleep. The King-Emperor of the British Empire since 1911, George V would lead Britain through the Weltkrieg, overseeing the Peace with Honour with Germany and the country’s fall to syndicalism, moving with the rest of his royal house and the British Government in exile to the Dominion of Canada. With the death of his majesty, the Entente enters a period of mourning, with great expectation being put on the shoulders of the heir apparent, Edward, the Prince of Wales.
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53The popular Edward, nicknamed “the Prince of the Peopleâ€, would be crowned King Edward VIII of Canada and the United Kingdom in the large Christchurch Cathedral in Ottawa, and would shortly after deliver his first Radio address to Canada, the Empire and the rest of the world as King, with his voice being broadcast to all those that could hear. Following the end of royal procedures, the King and his delegation would begin a year-long world tour, visiting the Imperial dominions as well as other members of the Entente. The first stop would be at the Carribean Federation’s capital of Kingston, where the King would undergo an official ceremony to be declared sovereign of that Dominion, and would later on go to the Algiers, to witness the coronation of his ally, Napoleon VI. The next stop is said to be India, where King Edward is set to be officially crowned as Emperor of India.
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55Mackenzie King, the popular Liberal Prime Minister of Canada, would begin an energetic campaign to counter the effects of Black Monday and re engage in the ideological war against Syndicalism. Following several impassioned speeches to Parliament and to the public calling for the elimination of Syndicalism and Poverty from the face of the earth, the vast Liberal majority in the Canadian Parliament led by famous Cabinet Minister C.D Howe would approve a immense economic investment, giving large amounts of funds to each Canadian Province to be used for the construction of public works, increase employment to defeat poverty and generally stimulate the economy to fight back the effects of Black Monday.
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57The programme, while just at its beginning, has proven to be a great success, as new infrastructure projects are started across the country with an increased focus in the building of roads, bridges and industrial expansion, with thousands of young and unemployed Canadians being called to service, lowering poverty levels all around. The province of Alberta, under the rule of the Social Credit Party, would begin to implement their new progressive economic ideals to tackle poverty and other issues, while Liberal-led provinces would focus in the slow implementation of progressive taxation, the establishment of a fixed minimum wage and insurance. Conservative province of Ontario would focus in the construction of military industry, for the eventual re-conquest of the birthright. Overall, the Liberal programme, while just at its beginning, proved to be a massive success, and is expected to only grow in the coming months.
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59Led by Canada, the Commonwealth Nations would also establish the Imperial Scientific and Academic Council, an organisation dedicated to gathering the resources of all Commonwealth members and using it to develop better research, and then share it amongst its members, forming a more united body of research and development for the Entente.
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61The Canadian government would also initiate a ambitious expansion of the nation’s armed forces, with the ordering of the construction of 3 new air units and the beginning of the construction of 3 new war fleets, that are said to include everything from small gunboats to brand new aircraft carriers of the Ark Royal class. As part of this general militarisation, the Canadian Government would also buyout the remains of the American New York-based Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation and merging it with the Canadian branch of Blackburn Aircraft Ltd, forming a new corporation specialized in the construction of more sturdy naval-based aircraft.
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63Following a treaty with the Argentine Government, the Canadian Navy would reactivate the old military fortifications in the Falklands islands and the South Georgia, renewing the complexes and expanding them to fit their needs.
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65Ireland would see the rise of a new political group: The Republican Congress of Ireland, a broad front of socialist & syndicalist forces opposed to the authoritarian government of President Collins. The Irish Parliament would be quick to declare the so called Congress an illegitimate body, immediately classifying it as a terrorist organisation and forcing it underground. While still relatively small, the Congress is reported to be rapidly growing, receiving members ranging from more radical Social Democrats all the way to Irish totalists, and has already claimed responsibility for several small acts of terror and violence against the Irish Government, yet many fear the worst is yet to come.
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67Despite the small rise in Syndicalist activity, the Irish Parliament would do its best to revert the effects of Black Monday on the island and resume the Republic’s economic growth by passing the Irish Economic Advancement Act (IEEA), which intended to finance the construction of large amounts of industry across Ireland to make up for the production losses caused by the fight for Independence. The initial plans of the IEEA would have the growth be focused in the west of Ireland around the Galway and Limerick region, as well as some strategic investment into the Industrial sectors of Belfast, with the intent of bettering the production of the Harland and Wolff docks and improving the North’s economy. The efforts were successful, and a good amount of harm that Black Monday would have habrough to those areas was reverted, yet most of the Irish counties still remain under high amounts of economic threat.
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69With the anniversary of the Easter Rising, massive celebrations were thrown by the government across the country, celebrating Irish Identity and the nation’s independent, sovereign status, with the Irish people almost forgetting about the looming dangers of Black Monday and the newfound syndicalist threats. President Collins would give several speeches where he would employ a different and more conciliatory tone regarding the Island’s protestant population, calling for a renewal of talks between the Republican Government and the Ulster Scots in the north. Needless to say, said comments were controversial within the Irish catholic population, and brought up much discussion.
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71During the festivities that followed the Easter Rising celebrations, a terrorist attack was to take place in Dublin, when a bomb went off inside a truck, killing several passing-by civilians and injuring many others. While no group has yet taken responsibility for the event, many suspect either the Socialist Republican Congress or the Ulster Loyalists may be behind said attack.
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73The TUC congress in the Union of Britain would pass a new bill, making significant investments in improving and expanding the union’s shipbuilding industry, that had been greatly affected by the harms of the English Revolution of 1925. The programme proves to be a success and the Union sees a growth in economic activity, with the sector expected to slowly but surely recover to its pre-Revolutionary strength. Similar investments were also made into the air industry of the country, with new airplane factories being built across Britain.
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75Chairman Snowden would also, alongside his government, authorize for a rapid expansion of the Union’s defense apparatus, somewhat mirroring the efforts of their French comrades in the other side of the channel. The construction of 3 new war fleets, as well as an expansion of 3 Air units to the Republican Air Force, would be authorized by the Trade Union Congress shortly thereafter.
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77The Socialist Republic of Italy would hold its Fourth National Congress, that would elect the new government of the nation for the following years to come. After much debate and discussion, the currently ruling Syndicalist Union would once again retain its majority in the nation’s legislature, yet this time by a smaller amount, with an increase in the seats held by members of Benito Mussolini’s National-Syndicalist Party.
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79In Rome, His Holiness Pope Pius XI falls suddenly to a disease and dies in the beginning of March. In order to fill in the vacancy left by his passing, the Catholic Church was quick to summon the Papal Conclave in order to elect a new head for the faith. The results of said discussions are expected to come sometime within the next months. For the while, the Papal throne in the Vatican is to remain vacant.
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81Shortly after Black Monday, the people of Austria go to the polls to elect a new government. In a stunning upset, the Christian Social Party, that had for many years held a comfortable majority in Parliament, would be beaten by the Social Democratic Party of Austria, who were to become the largest party in parliament, yet falling short of a total majority by a few seats. This would result in the formation of a new coalition, composed by the Social Democrats and the Radical Syndicalist Party of Austria., that would rise up as the strongest block in the legislature. In order to better appease the more left wing sectors of the coalition, the SPO would select Karl Renner, a moderate Socialist and leader of the party’s left wing section to lead the new government. Shortly thereafter, Mr Renner would be called for a meeting with his Majesty Emperor Karl, where he would be officially appointed Prime Minister of Austria and tasked with forming a new government to oversee the nation through the perilous times to come.
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83The new Social Democratic Government would take a series of measures to address the financial condition of the nation. Large amounts of the Austro-Daimler and Skoda factories were bought and nationalized, helping to ease the issue of unemployment, and even further expanded to fit in more workers and new production departments with a special focus in the production of more affordable automobiles. The currently placed welfare programs are extra funded and have their coverage expanded to also include the traditionally forgotten rural areas of the Empire. At the same time a new job recruitment program is established to to help the unemployed find jobs.
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85The Austrian parliament also authorizes for a reduction of taxes on each of the provinces of the Empire, allowing the local governments to keep their funds and use it to fight the effects of Black monday in a more local level.
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87The Austrian government also increases the quality of its artillery in its field army, using the new Skoda factories to do so with more efficiency.
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89Of all new plans put for by the new government, one of the most ambitious ones is the establishment of local food banks, which would see the central government buy commodities from farmers and have them stored in regional, food banks. Afterwards, food banks in different parts of the nation would be given autonomy to exchange commodities with other banks, and would be tasked with assisting the poor in matters of sustenance. The program, just like the others, was set up with success and is slowly taking its part in the agricultural market of the empire.
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91The government would also begin a new experiment in Istria and Tyrol, setting up small communal farms based around traditional Radical Socialist principles, but with government input for support and financial aid. A controversial development, but that was small in size and considered relatively harmless.
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93Prime Minister Renner would also pay off a good amount of Austria’s debt, focusing in satisfying internal debtors.
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95In the other side of the empire, Hungary would struggle greatly with the crisis at hand. In a similar way to the rest of europe, Black Monday would severely harm the economics of the region, with several banks closing and massive repercussions in the industrial sector, as several factories closed down, with few being able to keep themselves afloat by resorting to massive firings of employees. The countryside was also hit greatly, as the price of Hungarian wheat as well as other agricultural products dropped dramatically, leaving many farmers practically unemployed, with no way of providing for their families. The crisis led to an increased dissatisfaction towards the Conservative Government of Prime Minister Károlyi, that had until now been extremely popular and had only grown and grown in the latest elections. The lack of reaction on behalf of the government also led to a spike in extremist rhetoric, especially from Syndicalist, Socialist and Totalist figures such as Bela Kun and Georgy Lukacz.
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97At the very least, the government further improved their artillery corps, giving them better and more modern guns. Amidst the crisis, that was the only action worth of note taken by the government to the disappointment of the people.
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99Poland, one of the country’s most affected by Black Monday, would finally gather amongst the chaos of economic catastrophe to finally select a new monarch. Established in 1916 during the Weltkrieg by a joint German and Austrian effort following the expulsion of Russian forces from Congress Poland, it would be declared a Kingdom, yet since its establishment it would be led by a Regency Council alongside the Sejm, with a vacant throne and no one to wear its crown. Through the years the Sejm would be stuck in a deadlock, not being able to select any adequate candidate for the throne as Austria and German fought for influence, yet the chaos brought by the crash of the Berlin Stock Market would bring forward the urgent necessity to elect a King and strengthen the government, under fears that Poland could fall to a military dictatorship, or even worse, a Totalist regime.
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101Following many weeks of ardent discussion (not all of that very productive, given the council is said to have spent hours deciding what height should the king have, and discussing his feet size too) the Sejm elected to offer the Polish crown to King Mindaugas III of Lithuania, potentially reforming the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that had been destroyed in 1795. Following the the permission from Berlin, King Mindaugas would accept the offer, and would later on be crowned King of a reformed Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a nation born amidst the chaos and conflict of the greatest financial crisis in the history of the world.
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103The King’s first measure was to pay some of Poland’s large debts, in a way to give some if any semblance of political and economic order, and so was done as a good portion of the Commonwealth’s debt would be eliminated. It would help in regards to the new nation’s finance, yet not by terribly much.
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105In Ukraine, with continued dissatisfaction with the left wing inclinations within the Parliament, King Vasyl von Habsburg would give Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky the power to dissolve the national assembly, and in its place install a State Senate loyal to the king. The move was denounced by several factions in the country, yet most were too weak after the dissolution to do anything. The most vocal opposition to the move came from Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Totalist Ukrainian Communist Party, who already announced that the party will take a more intensified role against the government unless said changes are reverted.
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107The new Romanian government, headed by the National Populist Corneliu Codreanu and his Iron Guard movement, would make a move to remilitarise the region of Oltenia in the west of the country, that since the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918 had been declared a demilitarised zone. While the move has raised eyebrows, especially in Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria, most consider this to be simply the Romanians walking in their backyard.
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109In Japan, Prime Minister Tsuyoshi complied with his duties as head of government and dissolved the Japanese Parliament in preparation for the upcoming February elections. Despite the years of strong and stable government under the conservative Constitutional Association of Political Friendship Party, the government had become increasingly surrounded by criticism, ranging from Foreign Policy questions to its failure to mend ties between the Japanese Army and Navy. In the end, it would be Black Monday that would seal the fate of the Empire’s ruling party, and in a radical change, the Liberal Constitutional Democratic Party would attain a majority with its leader Wakatsuki ReijirŠbeing invited by Emperor Hirohito to form a new government that would set forward to establish several reforms. Alongside the Liberal victory, the Social Democratic and Moderate Syndicalist Social Masses Party would also see an increase of support, and increase its power within the Diet.
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111Generous investments were made by the government into both urban and rural areas. Large infrastructure projects were commenced in the rural areas, with the construction of new roads and other assets. Large investments were also made into Japan’s Industry, yet with a focus in further strengthening Japanese industries in Korea, and integrating it better into the nation’s main economic cycle. Similar and big investments were also made in the Japanese-led Fengtian Government of Manchuria, were the local railway industry and other commercial institutions would be kept intact through more government support. and the Other industries in the mainland, including the famous Zaibatsus, were also bombarded with bailout funds that kept most of the industry afloat through the Black Monday crisis.
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113The liberal government would also approve a formal guarantee of rights for all inhabitants of the Japanese Empire. It would be a resounding declaration that would protect Japanese citizens from forced labour and imprisonment without due legal precedent. It would also declare all races equal before the eyes of Japanese Law, and in a more controversial choice, declare all residents of far-off provinces and colonies of the Japanese empire full Japanese citizens, with full voting rights and the capability of sending their own representatives to the Diet.
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115The Diet would also issue a measure that would re-affirm the previously established political norms within the country, where the Japanese Army would be strictly under control of the state, and would not be allowed to intervene into the rulings of the Diet.
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117All these reforms were followed by a rigorous government propaganda programme, that exposed the reforms as the right future for the nation and further glorified the position of the Emperor as a benevolent ruler, which greatly assisted in the success of the campaigns. The same efforts would later on be expanded to influence political movements to cooperate within government, and called for the Social Democrats and the Moderate Syndicalists to renounce Internationalism and any possible allegiance to the Syndicalist Internationale.
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119Prince Takamatsu of Japan would also make a quick detour from his travels and visit the Qing Empire, were the moderate royal would further emphasize the needs of good relations between both empires in the years to come.
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121In the Qing Empire, Prime Minister Cao Kun is summoned to a meeting with the Emperor where he is dismissed from his role as Premier of the Empire. In his place, the Emperor calls H.H. Kung to take on the role, a position he dutifully accepts. Now in charge of the government, Premier Kung would embark the Qing empire in a new wave of reforms, that was bound to change the shape of the country.
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123The old and proud examination system of China would be radically reworked and changed, focusing in knowledge in more technical subjects, as well as taking in significant influence from Western academia, especially German. Examinations were also set to happen more frequently, and new centers and halls for examination were to be constructed across Qing territory. Several other details were changed and new examination regulations issued. While many question the choice, seeing it as a deviation from tradition, others claim it is a vital step towards the modernisation of China.
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125As a immediate reaction to Black Monday, Premier Kung announces that, following diplomatic talks between Beijing and Berlin, the Qing empire would engage in the process of buying previously German-owned industry in Qing territory, focusing in armament manufacturers as well as communication means, such as telegraph lines and railways. As little meddling was carried out by the state in order to ensure the continued productivity of said industries, yet the factories and other industries were placed under direct control of the state, and new government-appointed bureaucrats were poised to take control. While the buyout certainly saved many of them from bankruptcy and economic ruin, it will still take some time for them to get on their feet again and contribute to the local economy once more.
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127A new plan would also be issued by Kung’s Government, merging the newly brought German-operated rail lines with a great deal of new tracks, that were to be built by the government in the coming months, improving infrastructure and locomotion significantly. German advisors and bureaucrats were also called in to assist in the setting up and construction of these new lines.
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129Alongside the mouthful of economic reforms. The Qing Dynasty also prepares for war.
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131A very large budget was assigned to Wu Peifu, Chief of Staff of the Imperial Army, in order to further the process of modernisation within the ranks of the armed forces. In a growing trend since the rise of Kung to the post of Premier, more German input was used and tactics of training and organisation alongside new doctrine were to be put in place. New equipment was bought, with new rifles, pistols, grenades, machine guns and artillery pieces being bought from external sources and given to the army. New military academies were also set up, in order to better train the officers of the Imperial Army. Even other areas of the Military were given attention, with the Air Forces seeing the recruitment of 2 new units to its force.
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133This would go hand in hand with an increase by radical KMT activity across Qing territory. In the countryside, several reports of peasant gatherings and revolts would be recorded, with the majority of them being squashed by Imperial troops or the local police forces before getting too big. Several administrative buildings in the south were set ablaze in a single night in the beginning of March, showing that the KMT was out there and eagerly fighting imperial influence.
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135The Bharatiya Commune begins an ambitious 5 year plan, with the objective of beginning to transition the mostly agrarian Indian society into a more industrialized and modern one. Large amounts of funds are allocated to the project and thousands of young indians are brought from the villages to work in the constructions of new factories, roads and railways. Given the relative backwardness of the Commune in terms of technology, said project will take its time to be completed, but is already starting to show some benefit. The 5 Year Plan is fuelled by a nationwide propaganda campaign, that attracts several workers to assist in its operations,
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137New measures are taken by the Commune’s government to further its relation the Muslim population living within its territory by removing previously put religious restrictions on the faith and even giving small amounts of money for Muslim indians to undertake the Hajj to Mecca. The measure proves to be successful and the relations between both parties increases significantly until the Commune takes a drastic action.
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139The government in Calcutta would launch a violent operation against the Muslim League within the Commune’s territory, mobilising a large portion of its troops and even using its air force to bomb muslim villages that had sworn allegiance to the league. Hundreds of Indian Muslims are killed in the process, and the Bharatiya Army also takes its fair share of losses in the violence. While the League is damaged by the act, it manages to replenish itself, and even grow more, due to the large amounts of Muslim Indians joining the organization, many that now see the Bharatiya Commune’s Government with absolute distrust. Violence between Hindus and Muslims in the Commune has reached its all time high, and the situation must be addressed in order to contain the all-out breakthrough of violence.
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141Following the news of the death of King George V, King Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan declared war on the Dominion of India, sparking the Fifth Anglo-Afghan War. The King had for long struggled with the conservative classes within Afghanistan, with his attempts to modernise the country always being halted by their power and influence. In order to show his force to his subjects and in order to unite the nation, Khan seized the opportunity and the state of mourning the Dominion found itself in and immediately marched his troops on Dominion territory.
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143Initially the Afghans saw some success, slowly advancing into Indian territory and defeating in small skirmishes squadrons of border guards and pro-British mountain tribes. However the slow advance would come to a definite halt upon the mobilisation of troops from the Delhi Government which were more numerous and much better equipped. The superior Delhi Army, and its constant support from the Air Force, that would constantly bombard the Afghan invaders and conduct reconnaissance missions behind their lines, would easily repel the offensive, and immediately march into Afghan territory, suffering minimal losses. Through Baluchistan, a third Indian army would lead an invasion of Southern Afghanistan, outflanking large portions of the King’s army. It is expected that the troops will soon march north towards Kabul. Another army from the Delhi Government was also mobilised, but sent to guard the frontier with Nepal.
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145In the homefront, both as a response to the Afghan invasion and to the general hostility surrounding the dominion, the Government in Delhi would call for and approve an immense military buildup. 3 new army units are recruited, many composed of vehemently anti-Afghan Sikh volunteers, as well as mechanized divisions and light tank brigades. Alongside that, a new air unit was commissioned, expected to fly brand-new Canadian made fighter planes, and the construction of a new fleet in the shipyards of Karachi was also ordered.
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147While the war in the border with Afghanistan raged on, the Dominion of India did not neglect its internal policy. Elections were held for the Dominion’s Parliament for the first time in many years, resulting in a surprising victory for the Indian Liberal Party and the rise of V. S. Srinivasa Sastri to the position of Prime Minister. Field Marshal Singh is still expected to hold a large amount of power and influence over the government in the years to come.
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149Sastri’s new Liberal Government would immediately work to reshape India’s economic outlook by passing two new acts. The first, the Railroad act of 1936, had as an objective to reform and expand upon the Indian railway system, that had fallen into disrepair following the breakout of the Indian Civil War, becoming a shadow of its former self. The second one, the India Economic Act of 1936, that altered or completely abolished many of the tariffs and production rules found in Dominion Provinces, and retaking the growth of Industry by offering tax breaks to Industrial manufacturers, and other benefits such as free land to build industry upon. Both acts were approved, and work begins in them immediately, with hundreds of kilometers of rail lines being repaired or replaced, and a slow but steady increase in industrial production is already seen in the Dominion’s largest cities.
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151The years of undemocratic and direct rule from the Governor-General of Australasia William Birdwood would soon come to an end as new elections were called in Australia, the first in over a decade’s time. Despite original fears of a possible syndicalist takeover of the government, coming from the increased activities of the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, the Social-Democratic Australasian Labour Party would attain a majority in the new Parliament, with its leader John Curtin being appointed as the new Prime Minister of Australasia.
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153Despite the calls for renewed action to fight back the effects of black monday, the new government did little to no new economic measures to re-stabilize the nation's economy, that had been hit hard by Black Monday. Rather, Crutin’s government would focus in a general improvement of the nation’s armed forces, recruiting 2 air units, calling for the construction of 3 new naval units as well as making several improvements to the nation’s technology regarding fighter planes, bombers and aircraft carriers.
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155In Persia, the Shah and his government are quick to answer to the effects of Black Monday. The Iranian Parliament would approve measures that would bring many of the largest banks in Iran under strict state control, whilst smaller, local banks in the villages would be put under control of the local residents and village councils. The charging of interest would be abolished, and changed for a system in which the person receiving a loan shall be entitled to a greater degree of the investment and a smaller burden of the loss. A national Takaful system, replacing commercial insurance systems in place for one more aligned with the economic ideals set forth by the Qur’an.
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157Inspired by previous Georgist-style reforms made in Meiji Japan, the Shah would decree the establishment of a new taxation system for the nation’s agricultural sector, that saw taxes being in an overall sense reduced yet being measured by the value of each individual plot of land, contrary to the total output of the crops. Religious endowments owned by the clergy would be exempt from such taxational measures. The Majlis would also establish the Imperial Agriculture and Textile Corporation, a parastatal company which would be entrusted with developing uncultivated pieces of land into developed, state-owned farmlands dedicated to the growth of cotton and wheat. Many of the new company shareholders would be German investors. The measure would be successful, and would bring a renewed input from the agricultural sector.
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159The Majlis would also establish the Imperial Federation of Guilds and Labour, a federation of all existing legal labor groups that would, under the auspices of Government officials, community leaders and clergy representatives, convene to resolve labour disputes and be entrusted with the protection of Iranian workers. Alongside the Federation, the Majilis would establish a new Ministry of Labour, with Mirza Kuchik Khan being appointed its first head. Several measures would be taken by this new Ministry, such as implementing hygiene standards within factories, limiting the hours children could work and hiring consultants from Germany to translate Mitteleuropa’s labor law. Slavery would also be abolished. While greatly supported in general by the Majlis members, who wanted to curb the growth of radical syndicalism within the state, the establishment of the Federation would be greatly denounced by the more radical elements of the Socialist Party and the Totalists, who called it a betrayal of traditional syndicalist ideals. In the end, the plethora of measures taken would guarantee the success of this new and sudden interest into the Iranian Labour scene, and most workers now labour under the gracious eyes of the Shah.
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161However, the clear opposition made by the Totalists, even if futile, proved to the Shah that the threat posed by the godless totalists could no longer be tolerated, and should be addressed. In a covert operation devised by the army, several members of the party’s political committee, as well as other sympathizers, would be arrested, with the party’s leader, Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, almost being captured himself. While not as successful as originally intended, a few members of the Party would be captured, with most being executed shortly thereafter. The blunder led to Haydar Khan Amo-oghli’s expulsion from the Party, and the rise of the radical Mosleyite Soleiman Mohsen Eskandari to the position of General-Secretary, who already announced that revenge against the Iranian State is nothing short than imminent.
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163The Shah would also host a summit in the Golestan Palace alongside two large delegations of Japanese and German diplomats. While the exact nature of the meeting remained hidden behind sealed doors, the Sha announced Iran would make a small donation to the German Empire, as aid for the plight caused by Black Monday.
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165Citing Kurdish unrest as the main cause, the Iranian Government would, also, see a buildup of military force, recruiting two new military units and 1 air unit, composed of brand-new German planes, which would form the bedrock of the newborn Imperial Iranian Air Force. Two currently standing units would also be mobilized.
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167This sudden mobilization of troops would result in the so called Campaign of 36, where 3 units of the Imperial Iranian Army would be deployed to the west and used to crush the large amounts of Kurdish insurgency in the area. While the campaign would be a success, and the larger urban centers of Kurdish majority occupied, it would prove extremely bloody. The Kurdish groups would actively resist the attempts of the Iranian army, leading attacks and ambushes against advancing troops, as well as sabotage operations to bases and supply lines. Simko Shikak, leader of the movement, would immediately go into hiding, some even saying he at some point crossed the border into Ottoman territory, yet it is truly not known. While many were killed, including civilians, the campaign was a devastating blow to Kurdish Nationalism in Iran, though surprisingly, promises made by the Iranian Government to allow Kurdish tribes autonomy following in the case of a future arrest of Shikak fell on deaf ears.
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169Alongside the violence, the Shah himself would light a new candle of hope. Through public means of communication such as radio, the Shah would apologize to the Armenian and Assyrian populations for not being able to adequately protect them during the massacres led by the Turks during the weltkrieg. The pronunciation also called for those groups to immigrate and settle in Iran, and take new jobs in the Agricultural corporation. This would greatly upset the Ottoman Government, who would denounce the Iranian Government as liars, yet would improve Iran’s standing with most other nations.
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171The United States becomes one of the greatest victims of Black Monday. Already affected by the depression of 11 years before, the country was hit hard by this new crisis. Across the country, workers take to the streets to protest, only to be violently put down by the American National Guard and other groups such as the America First loyalists. Farmers, already affected by the dustbowl, are forced to leave their properties and make it for the big cities to search for jobs. While in the deep south, the America First Party continues its campaign, led by Huey Long, to denounce the current state of America and put forward its national proposition of change.
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173The United States Congress passes a bill paying out a very large amount of the nation’s debt, which helps to improve the finances of the nation, that at the moment has its economy on freefall. It has been one of the greatest actions taken by the Government so far to deal with the economic crisis in America.
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175President Hoover’s allies in Congress also attempt to pass a bill that would see the largest increase the United States has seen in terms of Army size in decades. The attempt, that even counted with the official endorsement of General MacArthur himself, would be futile, as a coalition of CSA, AFP, Democratic and anti-Hoover Republicans would bend together to defeat the bill in the House.
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177In a smaller note however, the American Congress would vote and approve the Indian Citizenship act of 1936, which granted full citizenship to native americans. The move earned the government some sympathy from the natives.
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179In the south, the America First Party continues its energetic campaign. Huey Long promotes his governorship over the state of Louisiana as an example for how a America First government ver america would look like, gaining him much popularity among the common man of the south, most especially the white, independent farmer. Long also, in perhaps a ominous sign, influences his voters to to buy more guns and ammunitions, even funding the establishment of new factories dedicated to the production of armaments in the south.
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181In the north, especially the rust belt around Chicago and Detroit, the CSA continues to strengthen its activity, carrying out large propaganda campaigns and bringing more workers to their side by denouncing the current economic structure of the United States, and bringing attention to the effects of the Financial Crash. Membership of the Combined Syndicates of America and its respective trade unions is at an all time high.
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183In Mexico, a very large propaganda campaign would be carried out by the Zapatista Government, were extremist groups such as the Cristeros and the Hispanic League were branded as having received aid from foreign sources, most importantly the United States Government. This would be followed by a large outcry from the population, and several new measures being taken by the Zapatistas to further improve and expand the Mexican military.
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1853 new military units would be recruited, primarily from indigenous communities all around Mexico, and several technological aspects would be improved with the assistance of French advisors, such as infantry equipment, tank equipment and artillery.
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187The APLF would also hold its first Congress in Mexico City headed by the great Zapata himself. While the specifics of the first meeting remain somewhat secret, its effects could be easily seen across the Latin American continent.
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189Tons of Mexican aid would find itself to the Socialist Republic of Centroamerica, where new educational measure would be taken by Mexican teachers and the local armed forces improved with substantial aid from Mexican military attaches.
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191The Bolivian nation would be rocked by revolution from its core. Following years of ineffective government, strong racial divides between the ruling classes and the native population, and the disastrous defeat at the hands of the Paraguayan army in the Chaco War, a revolution would commence that would overthrow the Social Liberal government of President Jose Sorzano and his Genuine Republican Party. Led by a broad front of Radical Socialists, Syndicalist, Native leaders and Left Wing army sympathizers, the People’s Republic of Bolivia would be established, with radical socialist Victor Paz Estenssoro being elected its first President by the new National Assembly. Estenssoro would then receive a delegation of foreign allies coming from Chile, Mexico, Centroamerica and France that, led by the young Chilean socialist Salvador Allende, would officially recognize the new government. New and radical change, such as agrarian reform, is expected.
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193To the south, revolution would also follow. The politically-charged officers of the Paraguayan army, fresh from victory against Bolivia, would also stage a coup of their own. Led by reformist general Rafael Franco, the Paraguayan Army would invade the nation’s capital of Asuncion and depose the government, ending decades of corrupt and unstable rulership from the Liberal Party. The Paraguayan Social Republic would be declared, with Franco as its first President, supported by a big tent left wing movement called the National Independence League. Despite calling himself a Radical Socialist, many (including in the left wing circle) have accused Franco of being a closeted Totalist, with profound admirations for Mosleyist Maximism and Mussolini’s ideals of National Syndicalism.
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195The Argentine government issues a new massive plan of national defense, that calls for the construction of intricate lines of fortifications across the Argentine countryside alongside the Parana, Del Norte, Desaguadero, Salado rivers to protect from possible invasion and the construction of a new line in the south, separating the country from the Anarchist-dominated south. While the construction of fortifications in the countryside were seen as a thoughtful decision, many criticised the construction of Fortifications in the south. While it would definitely serve to protect the nation, especially the south, from possible attack, most still consider Patagonia to be part of Argentina proper, and many consider such as act as a official note of separation between Buenos Aires and the south.
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197In a further provision, the government would declare an official embargo on the South, and order for the construction of a new fleet to better enforce such measures. Once again, this was criticized by the regime’s opponents, especially the liberal opposition, as a officialization of Patagonia’s independence and separation from the Argentine republic. The Government also stated it would deploy boats to curb smuggling and trade between the Patagonian rebels and outside sources (especially the Chilean socialists, Patagonia’s main patron), however in the end, no official order regarding deployment was ever given.
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199Back in Buenos Aires, the government would organize and found the ‘Pan-Argentine Labour Union’, a Government-backed national labour union that was to serve most industries and trades, having different sections dedicated to each one. Curiously, it was out in (de-jure) charge of Eva Duarte, a young and famous 16 year old actress considered the darling of the working class. The establishment was viewed as a joke by the Syndicalist movement in Argentina, not only was it seen as a very clear attempt to undermine the authority of the Argentine syndicalist movement, but the placing of Duarte as official leader would be seen as a mockery of the working class due to her general lack of connection to the union cycle in the country, despite her humble background.
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201The government would also invest more into the new trade provisions established by the new treaty with Britain, which would bring in good revenues through the new and increased level of trade between the two nations.