ayVReCns

1a
21.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3The value a in the relation of formação factor (F) to porosidade (phi): F = a / phim. The value a is derived empirically from best fits of measured values of F and phi on a group of rocha samples. It has no clear physical significance, although it has been related to grain shape and tortuosity. In the saturação equation, it always occurs associated with the water resistividade as (a * Rw). It is sometimes claimed that a must be 1 since at phi = 1, F must be 1. However, a material with phi = 1 is not a rock: a is essentially an empirical factor for rocks and as such can take any value. A wide varredura of values has been found, from 0.5 to 5.
4Archie equation, porosidade exponent
5None
6None
7--
82d foto
91.n. [Geophysics]
10Seismic data or a group of seismic lines acquired individually such that there typically are significant gaps (commonly 1 km or more) between adjacent lines. A 2D foto typically contains numerous lines acquired orthogonally to the strike of geological structures (such as faults and folds) with a minimum of lines acquired parallel to geological structures to allow line-to-line tying of the dado sísmico and interpretation and mapping of structures.
11acquisition, correlate, correlação, falta, fold, strike
12None
13None
14--
153d dado sísmico
161.n. [Geophysics]
17A set of numerous closely-spaced seismic lines that provide a high spatially sampled measure of subsurface reflectivity. Typical receiver espaçamento entre linhas can varredura from 300 m [1000 ft] to over 600 m [2000 ft], and typical distances between shotpoints and receiver groups is 25 m [82 ft] (offshore and internationally) and 110 ft or 220 ft [34 to 67 m] (onshore USA, using values that are even factors of the 5280 feet in a mile). Bin sizes are commonly 25 m, 110 ft or 220 ft. The resultant data set can be "cut" in any direction but still display a well sampled seismic section. The original seismic lines are called in-lines. Lines displayed perpendicular to in-lines are called crosslines. In a properly migrated 3D dado sísmico set, events are placed in their proper vertical and horizontal positions, providing more accurate subsurface maps than can be constructed on the basis of more widely spaced sísmica 2D lines, between which significant interpolation might be necessary. In particular, 3D dado sísmico provide detailed information about falta distribution and subsurface structures. Computer-based interpretation and display of 3D dado sísmico allow for more thorough analysis than 2D dado sísmico.
18acquisition, cela, crossline, in-line, migration, dado sísmico 2-D
19None
20None
21--
224c dado sísmico
231.n. [Geophysics]
24Four-component (4C) poço de petróleo or marine dado sísmico are typically acquired using three orthogonally-oriented geophones and a hidrofone within an ocean-bottom sensor (deployed in node-type systems as well as cables). Provided the system is in contact with the seabed or the poço de petróleo wall, the addition of geophones allows medição of shear (S) waves, whereas the hidrofone measures compressional (P) waves.
25poço de petróleo dado sísmico, onda compressional, geofone, multicomponent dado sísmico, cabo de fundo do mar, P-wave, onda cisalhante
26None
27None
28--
29n
301.n. [Formation Evaluation]
31The exponent, n, in the relation of water saturação, Sw, to índice de resistividade, I (I = Sw-n) for a sample of rocha. It expresses the effect on theresistivity of desaturating the sample, or replacing water with a non-conductive fluid. In petrophysically simple,water-wet rocks (Archie rocks), n is constant for different values of Sw, and a single average n can be found for a particularreservoir or formação. A typical value is 2. In more complex rocks, n changes with Sw, although often being about 2 near Sw = 1. In rocks with conductive minerals, such asshaly sands, n becomes increasingly lower as Sw is reduced. This change is negligible for high-salinity waters, but increases as the salinidade is reduced. In shaly-sand saturação equations, such as Waxman-Smits, dual water, SGS and CRMM, n is the intrinsic n, determined with high-salinity water or with theclay effects removed. The variation of I with Sw is then predicted, with varying success, by the different equations. In carbonates with multiplepore types, such as fractures, vugs, interparticleporosity and microporosity, n may change as each poro type is desaturated. A different n may be used for a different varredura of Sw. In all cases, n increases if any pores are oil-wet. Values up to 8 have been reported in very oil-wet rocks.
32None
33None
34None
35--
363c dado sísmico
371.n. [Geophysics]
38A type of multicomponent dado sísmico acquired in a land, marine, or poço de petróleo meio ambiente by using three orthogonally oriented geophones or accelerometers. 3C is particularly appropriate when the addition of a hidrofone (the basis for 4C seismic data) adds no value to the medição, as for example, on land. This technique allows determination of both the type of wave and its direction of propagation.
39accelerometer, geofone, hidrofone, multicomponent dado sísmico
40None
41None
42--
433d foto
441.n. [Geophysics]
45The acquisition of dado sísmico as closely spaced receiver and shot lines such that there typically are no significant gaps in the subsurface cobertura. A 2D foto commonly contains numerous widely spaced lines acquired orthogonally to the strike of geological structures and a minimum of lines acquired parallel to geological structures to allow line-to-line correlação of the dado sísmico and interpretation and mapping of structures.
46acquisition, processing
47None
48None
49--
506ff40
511.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
52Referring to an perfil de indução made with a particular arranjo of transmissor and receiver coils. The arranjo was introduced in 1960 and became the industry padrão for 30 years. The 6FF40 arranjo has six coils with the main transmitter-receiver pair spaced 40 in. [102 cm] apart. The design of the arranjo includes the spacing between the coils, the number of turns and the polaridade of each coil. The three transmissor and the three receiver coils are each connected in series to produce one signal output.FF means focused both radially and vertically. Unlike in an arranjo tool, the focusing is fixed by the hardware design. The 6FF40 was designed to read deep into the formação while minimizing the signal close to the tool and maintaining reasonable resolução vertical. The 6FF40 was combined with a shallow eletrodo device to form the induction electrical foto. The use of both tools gave a qualitative indication of invasion.Both the indução profunda and the 6FF40 had desconvolução (Port.) and a skin effect correction applied. The desconvolução (Port.) was designed to reduce the effect of shoulder beds on the readings in high-resistivity beds. It was not effective in high-contrast formations. The skin effect correction was a simple exponential fit that would work on an analógico computer.
53arranjo induction, indução profunda, invasion, resistividade perfil, sonde error
54None
55None
56--
572d dado sísmico
581.n. [Geophysics]
59A seção vertical of dado sísmico consisting of numerous adjacent traces acquired sequentially.
60trace
61None
62None
63--
642d dado sísmico
652.n. [Geophysics]
66A group of sísmica 2D lines acquired individually, as opposed to the múltipla closely spaced lines acquired together that constitute 3D dado sísmico.
67acquisition, three-dimensional dado sísmico, trace
68None
69None
70--
71a
721.n. [Formation Evaluation]
73The value a in the relation of formação factor (F) to porosidade (phi): F = a / phim. The value a is derived empirically from best fits of measured values of F and phi on a group of rocha samples. It has no clear physical significance, although it has been related to grain shape and tortuosity. In the saturação equation, it always occurs associated with the water resistividade as (a * Rw). It is sometimes claimed that a must be 1 since at phi = 1, F must be 1. However, a material with phi = 1 is not a rock: a is essentially an empirical factor for rocks and as such can take any value. A wide varredura of values has been found, from 0.5 to 5.
74Archie equation, porosidade exponent
75None
76None
77--
78activity of aquoso solutions
791.n. [Drilling Fluids]
80The escaping tendency, or pressão de vapor, of water molecules in an solução aquosa compared with that of pure water, typically abbreviated aw. Activity is expressed mathematically as the ratio of two vapor pressures: aw = p/po, where p is pressão de vapor of the solução and po is pressão de vapor of pure water. The ratio ranges from near 0 to 1.0 and corresponds to percent relative humidity (% RH) of air in equilibrium with the solução aquosa. For pure water, aw = po/po = 1.00 and RH = 100%. By increasing the concentration of sal (or other solutes) in the solução, aw decreases, because pressão de vapor of the solução decreases. However, aw never reaches zero. Known-activity, saturated-salt solutions are used to calibrate RH meters. Measuring RH of air above an óleo lama is a simple way to measure the activity (salinity) of its water fase. Adjusting the salinidade of the water fase is a way to control movement of water into or out of shales that are being drilled with an óleo lama. Chenevert related aw in óleo lama to RH above the lama sample and devised a practical test using an electrohygrometer to measure RH, called the "Chenevert Method."
81balanced-activity óleo lama, cloreto de cálcio, humidity meter, hygrometer, inhibit, osmose, pressão osmótica, xisto, zinc chloride
82None
83None
84--
85distorção de amplitude
861.n. [Geophysics]
87The inability of a system to exactly match input and output amplitude, a general example being an electronic amplifier and the classic example being a home stereophonic amplifier.
88bias, dispersão, distortion, faixa dinâmica, distorção harmônica, zero-phase
89None
90None
91--
92distorção de amplitude
932.n. [Geophysics]
94A change in the amplitude of awaveformthat is generally undesirable, such as inseismicwaves.
95distortion, onda sísmica
96None
97None
98--
99arranjo
1001.n. [Geophysics]
101Generally, a geometrical configuration of transducers (sources or receivers) used to generate or record a physical field, such as an acoustic or electromagnetic campo de onda or the Earth's gravity field.
102leque shooting, pegada, rolamento superficial, radial arranjo, receiver, traço sísmico, source, lanço
103nest
104geofone arranjo, geofone pattern, padrão da fonte
105--
106arranjo
1072.n. [Geophysics]
108A geometrical arrangement of seismic sources (a source arranjo, with each individual source being activated in some fixed sequence in time) or receivers (a hidrofone or geofone array) that is recorded by one canal.
109geophone, hidrofone, receiver, source
110None
111None
112--
113arranjo
1143.n. [Geophysics]
115An arrangement or configuration of electrodes or antennas used for resistividade, induced polarization (IP), or other types of electromagnetic surveying. Resistivity arrays typically consist of two current electrodes and two potential electrodes and are distinguished by the relative separations between the electrodes. Examples are the dipole-dipole, Schlumberger and Wenner arrays.
116dipole, método eletromagnético
117None
118None
119--
120arranjo
1214.n. [Geophysics]
122In computing, code written to access data in more than one dimension according to a name and subscripts that correspond to each dimension.
123None
124None
125None
126--
127custo de abandono
1281.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
129The costs associated with abandoning a well or produção facility. Such costs are specified in the authority for expenditure (AFE), and typically cover the tamponamento of wells; removal of well equipment, produção tanks and associated installations; and surface remediation.
130authority for expenditure, tampão and abandon
131None
132None
133--
134acíclica compound
1351.n. [Drilling Fluids]
136One of a group of orgânico compounds of carbono (C) and hidrogênio (H) in which the carbono atoms have linear, branched chain (open), or both types of structures. Aliphatics, as they are informally called, can be divided into paraffinic (saturated) and olefinic (unsaturated) chain types. The simplest paraffinic alifático is metano, CH4. The simplest olefinic alifático is etileno, C2H6. In perfuração fluids, particularly oil-base muds, the amounts and types of hidrocarboneto in the lama can be an important parameter in overall performance of the lama.
137aromático hidrocarboneto, naftênico hidrocarboneto, oil-base lama, soap
138alifático compound
139None
140--
141amplitude variation with distância
1421.n. [Geophysics]
143Variation in amplitude sísmica de reflexão with change in distance between shotpoint and receiver that indicates differences in litologia and fluid content in rocks above and below the reflector. AVO analysis is a technique by which geophysicists attempt to determine thickness, porosidade, densidade, velocity, litologia and fluid content of rocks. Successful AVO analysis requires special processing of dado sísmico and modelagem sísmica to determine rocha properties with a known fluid content. With that knowledge, it is possible to model other types of fluid content. A gas-filled arenito might show increasing amplitude with distância, whereas a coal might show decreasing amplitude with distância. A limitation of AVO analysis using only P-energy is its failure to yield a unique solução, so AVO results are prone to misinterpretation. One common misinterpretation is the failure to distinguish a gas-filled reservatório from a reservatório having only partial saturação de gás ("fizz water"). However, AVO analysis using source-generated or mode-converted onda cisalhante energy allows differentiation of degrees of saturação de gás. AVO analysis is more successful in young, poorly consolidado rocks, such as those in the Gulf of Mexico, than in older, well-cemented sediments.
144attribute, cimentação de rochas, onda convertida, hidrocarboneto indicador, lithostratigraphic inversão, P-wave, processing, modelagem sísmica
145None
146AVO
147--
148indução em arranjo
1491.n. [Formation Evaluation]
150An induction tool or perfil that consists of several mutually balanceado arrays whose signals are recorded separately and combined in software to produce the response desired. Typically, there is one transmissor and five to ten pairs of receivers and bucking coils that are balanceado to remove direct luva. The signals are combined in a wide variety of ways to produce the responses desired, as for example, deep-reading, high resolução vertical or some combination of both. There are trade-offs in any response. For example, a deep-reading perfil typically will not have high resolução vertical. If it does, it will be more sensitive to the invasion condition and efeito de caverna.
1516FF40, poço de petróleo correction, efeito de caverna, forward modeling, induction, inversão, radial processing, resistividade perfil
152None
153None
154--
155pressão anormal
1561.n. [Geology]
157A subsurface condition in which the pressão de poro of a formação geológica exceeds or is less than the expected, or normal, pressão da formação. When impermeável rocks such as shales are compacted rapidly, their poro fluids cannot always escape and must then support the total overlying rocha column, leading to abnormally high formação pressures. Excess pressão, called sobrepressão or geopressure, can cause a well to erupção or become uncontrollable during perfuração. Severe subpressão can cause the drillpipe to stick to the underpressured formação.
158compaction, geopressure gradient, geostatic pressão, pressão hidrostática, pressão normal, gradiente de pressão
159None
160None
161--
162pressão anormal
1632.n. [Drilling]
164Reservoir poro fluid pressão that is not similar to normal saltwater gradient pressão. The term is usually associated with higher than pressão normal, increased complexity for the well designer and an increased risco of well control problems. Pressure gradients in excess of around 10 pounds per gallon equivalent fluid densidade (0.52 psi/foot of depth) are considered abnormal. Gradients below normal are commonly called subnormal.
165barite, erupção, well control
166None
167None
168--
169carretel (Port.)
1701.n. [Production]
171An extension added to a short face-to-face valve to conform to padrão API 6D (or ISO 14313: 1999) face-to-face dimensions. API 6D specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, fabricação, testing and documentation of bola, check, gate and tampão valves for application in conduta (Port.) systems.
172API 6D: Specification for Pipeline Valves
173None
174None
175--
176âncora pin
1771.n. [Production]
178A pin welded to the body of a Válvula esfera. This pin aligns the adaptador plate and keeps the plate and gear operador from moving while the valve is being operated.
179Válvula esfera
180None
181None
182--
183lateroperfil em arranjo
1841.n. [Formation Evaluation]
185An eletrodo device with múltipla current electrodes configured in several different ways to produce several different responses. A typical arranjo consists of a central eletrodo emitting foto current, with múltipla guard electrodes above and below it. Current is sent between different guard electrodes to achieve greater or less focusing. The greater the focusing, the greater the profundidade de investigação. About five basic measurements are obtained in this way. This hardware focusing may be further improved by software focusing, in which the signals from the basic measurements are superimposed mathematically to ensure proper focusing in a wide varredura of conditions.
186eletrodo resistividade
187None
188None
189--
190abrasão test
1911.n. [Drilling Fluids]
192A laboratory test to evaluate drilling-grade material de adensamento for potential abrasiveness. The test measures weight loss of a specially shaped, stainless-steel mixer blade after 20 minutes at 11,000 rpm running in a laboratory-prepared lama sample. Abrasiveness is quantified by the rate of weight loss, reported in units of mg/min. Mineral dureza, tamanho de partícula and shape are the main parameters that affect abrasiveness of weighting materials. Some cristalino forms of hematita grind to a higher percentage of large particles than do other forms and are therefore more abrasive. Hematites are harder than barites, grind courser and are more abrasive. Thus, a hematita that is proposed as a material de adensamento for lama is typically a candidate for abrasão testing.
193barite, ilmenite, iron oxide, particle-size distribution, areia test
194None
195None
196--
197additivity
1981.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
199A property of semivariogram models. Any linear combination of admissible models with positive coefficients can be nested or added together. Generally, single models are used for modeling experimental semivariograms that are close in shape to one of the basic admissible models, or for the approximate fitting of complex structural functions. Nested models are used to better fit complex structural functions.Reference:Olea RA: "Fundamentals of Semivariogram Estimation, Modeling, and Usage," in Yarus JM and Chambers RL (eds): Stochastic Modeling and Geostatistics, AAPG Computer Applications in Geology, no. 3. AAPG, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 1994.
200None
201None
202None
203--
204angle of approach
2051.n. [Geophysics]
206The acute angle at which a frente de onda impinges upon an interface, such as a onda sísmica impinging upon strata. Normal incidence is the case in which the ângulo de incidência is zero, the frente de onda is parallel to the surface and its trajetória do raio is perpendicular, or normal, to the interface. Snell's law describes the relationship between the ângulo de incidência and the angle of refraction of a wave.
207refraction
208None
209None
210--
211sônico em arranjo
2121.n. [Formation Evaluation]
213A type of acoustic ferramenta de perfilagem that uses a large number of receivers, typically 4 to 12. Modern acoustic perfilagem tools are designed to measure not only the onda compressional but also the shear and other acoustic waves generated by the transmissor. The separation and identification of these waves are facilitated by the use of an arranjo of receivers placed about 6 in. [15 cm] apart, which is close enough to avoid falseamento but far enough to sample a significant sobretempo in the wave. The waveforms at each receiver are recorded and processed by signal processing techniques, such as slowness-time coerência, to measure the velocities of the different waves.
214long-spacing perfil sônico, perfil sônico, sonic medição
215None
216None
217--
218idade absoluta
2191.n. [Geology]
220The medição of idade in years. The determination of the idade absoluta of rocks, minerals and fossils, in years before the present, is the basis for the field of geocronologia. The medição of the declínio (Port.) of radioactive isotopes, especially uranium, strontium, rubidium, argon and carbono, has allowed geologists to more precisely determine the idade of rocha formations. Tree rings and seasonal sedimentary deposits called varves can be counted to determine idade absoluta. Although the term implies otherwise, "absolute" ages typically have some amount of potential error and are inexact. Relative idade, in contrast, is the determination of whether a given material is younger or older than other surrounding material on the basis of stratigraphic and structural relationships, such as superposition, or by interpretation of fóssil content.
221chronostratigraphy, escala de tempo geológico, estratigrafia, varve
222None
223None
224--
225estrangulador ajustável
2261.n. [Drilling]
227A valve usually used in well control operations to reduce the pressão of a fluid from high pressão in the closed parede do poço to pressão atmosférica. It may be adjusted (opened or closed) to closely control the perda de carga. Adjustable estrangulador valves are constructed to resist wear while high-velocity, solids-laden fluids are flowing by the restricting or sealing elements.
228choke, linha de estrangulamento, estrangulador manifolde, well control
229None
230None
231--
232estrangulador ajustável
2332.n. [Well Completions]
234A valve, located on or near the Christmas tree that is used to control the produção of fluid from a well. Opening or closing the variable valve influences the rate and pressão at which produção fluids progress through the conduta (Port.) or process facilities. The estrangulador ajustável is commonly linked to an automated control system to enable the produção parameters of individual wells to be closely controlled.
235estrangulador
236None
237None
238--
239ângulo de incidência
2401.n. [Geophysics]
241The acute angle at which a trajetória do raio impinges upon a line normal to an interface, such as a onda sísmica impinging upon strata. Normal incidence is the case in which the ângulo de incidência is zero, the frente de onda is parallel to the surface and its trajetória do raio is perpendicular, or normal, to the interface. Snell's law describes the relationship between the ângulo de incidência and the angle of refraction of a wave.
242angle of approach, reflexão crítica, onda frontal, trajetória do raio, refraction, refractive index, refrator, Zoeppritz equations
243None
244None
245--
246artificial intelligence
2471.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
248The study of ideas that enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent. The term is commonly abbreviated as A.I. Many computer programs written for use in the campo de petróleo utilize "rule based" approaches to provide expert systems. The rules are taken from an expert working in the field and are written in a way that attempts to reproduce the knowledge and approaches used by that expert to solve a varredura of real problems. Most such programs are limited to specific areas such as medidor de mergulho interpretation, eletrofácies determination, reservatório characterization, erupção prevention, fluido de perfuração selection, etc. Sometimes expert systems are written in computer languages that easily handle "rules" such as LISP, but once fully tested are usually translated to BASIC, C or FORTRAN to be compiled into efficient applications or programs..
249neural networks
250None
251None
252--
253absoluto filter
2541.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
255A type of high-specification fluid filter frequently used to remove small solid particles from restauração or treatment fluids that may be injected into, or placed adjacent to, the reservatório formação. In using absoluto filters, all particles larger than the micron rating of the elemento de filtro in use will be removed from the treated fluid.
256filtration, nominal filter
257None
258None
259--
260adsorbed gás
2611.n. [Shale Gas]
262The gás accumulated on the surface of a solid material, such as a grain of a reservatório rocha, or more particularly the orgânico particles in a xisto reservatório. Measurement of adsorbed gás and interstitial gás, which is the gás contained in poro spaces, allows calculation of gás in place in a reservatório.
263None
264None
265None
266--
267ponto de anilina test
2681.n. [Drilling Fluids]
269A test to evaluate base oils that are used in óleo lama. The test indicates if an óleo is likely to damage elastomers (rubber compounds) that come in contact with the óleo. The ponto de anilina is called the "aniline point temperature," which is the lowest temperature (°F or °C) at which equal volumes of aniline (C6H5NH2) and the óleo form a single fase. The ponto de anilina (AP) correlates roughly with the amount and type of aromático hydrocarbons in an óleo sample. A low AP is indicative of higher aromatics, while a high AP is indicative of lower aromatics content. Diesel óleo with AP below 120°F [49°C] is probably risky to use in oil-base lama. The API has developed test procedures that are the padrão for the industry.
270amines, hidrocarboneto aromático, diesel-oil lama, oil-base lama, synthetic-base fluid
271None
272None
273--
274asme
2751.n. [Production]
276Abbreviation for the Sociedade Americana de Engenheiros Mecânicos (ASME), a professional association that was founded in 1880.It "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engenharia consultiva and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach.” The ASME develops codes and standards associated with the art, science, and practice of mechanical engenharia consultiva that are accepted in more than 100 countries.
277None
278None
279None
280--
281potencial de fluxo máximo absoluto
2821.n. [Production Testing]
283The maximum vazão a well could theoretically deliver with zero pressão at the middle of the perforations. The term is commonly abbreviated as AOFP or OFP.
284None
285None
286AOFP
287--
288aeolian
2891.adj. [Geology]
290Pertaining to the meio ambiente of deposição of sediments by wind, such as the areia dunes in a deserto. Because fine-grained sediments such as clays are removed easily from wind-blown deposits, eolian sandstones are typically clean and well-sorted.
291clay, ambiente de deposição, sistema deposicional, sabkha, arenito, sedimento
292eolian
293None
294--
295anion
2961.n. [Drilling Fluids]
297A negatively charged ião (Port.). Clay surfaces, groups on polímero chains, colloids and other materials have distinct, negatively charged areas or ions. Anionic characteristics affect performance of additives and contaminants in perfuração fluids, especially water muds, in which clays and polymers are used extensively.
298acrylate polímero, calcium contamination, carbonato ião (Port.), capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.), argila, coloide, mixed-metal hydroxide, polar compound, potassium ião (Port.)
299anionic, water lama
300Antonyms:cation
301--
302asfalto
3031.n. [Geology]
304A solid or nearly solid form of betume that can melt upon heating and contains impurities such as azoto, oxygen and sulfur. Asphalt forms naturally when the light components or volatiles of petróleo have been removed or evaporated.
305hydrocarbon, invert-emulsion óleo lama, areia asfáltica
306None
307None
308--
309absoluto volume
3101.n. [Drilling Fluids]
311The volume a solid occupies or displaces when added to water divided by its weight, or the volume per unit massa. In the campo de petróleo, absoluto volume is typically given in units of gallons per pound (gal/lbm) or cubic meters per kilogram (m3/kg).
312None
313None
314None
315--
316aeolotropy
3171.n. [Geology, Geophysics, Shale Gas]
318Predictable variation of a property of a material with the direction in which it is measured, which can occur at all scales. For a cristal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different directions is aeolotropy (also known as anisotropy). In rocks, variation in velocidade sísmica measured parallel or perpendicular to acamamento surfaces is a form of aeolotropy.Often found where platy minerals such as micas and clays align parallel to deposicional acamamento as sediments are compacted, aeolotropy is common in shales.
319birefringence, extensive dilatância anisotropia, heterogeneous formação, trajetória do raio, velocidade sísmica, velocity
320anisotropia
321Antonyms:isotropy
322--
323anionic
3241.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
325Related to negatively charged ions. Clay surfaces, groups onpolymer chains, colloids and other materials have distinct, negatively charged areas or ions. Anionic characteristics affect performance of additives and contaminants in perfuração fluids, especially water muds, in which clays and polymers are used extensively.
326acrylate polímero, anion, calcium contamination, carbonato ião (Port.), capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.), argila, coloide, mixed-metal hydroxide, polar compound, potassium ião (Port.), sulfonated asfalto, water lama
327None
328Antonyms:cationic
329--
330asfalteno precipitation
3311.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
332The floculação of asfalteno particles from fluido do reservatório. The precipitation is typically measured at specific conditions of temperature and pressão, such as at reservatório or flowline conditions.
333asphaltenes
334None
335None
336--
337absorbing boundary conditions
3381.n. [Geophysics]
339An algorithm used in numerical simulation along the boundary of a computational domínio to absorb all energy incident upon that boundary and to suppress reflection artifacts.
340domínio
341None
342None
343--
344zona aerada
3451.n. [Geology, Geophysics]
346The surface or near-surface, inconsolidado sedimentary camada that has been subject to intemperismo and whose pores are air-filled instead of liquid-filled. An zona aerada typically has a low velocidade sísmica.
347pore, correção estática, intemperismo, correção de intemperismo
348None
349None
350--
351anisotrópico
3521.adj. [Geophysics, Geology, Shale Gas]
353Having directionally dependent properties. For a cristal of amineral, variation in physical properties observed in different directions is anisotropia. In rocks, variation in velocidade sísmica measured parallel or perpendicular to acamamento surfaces is a form of anisotropia.Often found where platy minerals such as micas and clays align parallel to deposicional acamamento as sediments are compacted, anisotropia is common in shales.
354aeolotropy, formação anisotrópica, anisotropia, birefringence, extensive dilatância anisotropia, heterogeneous formação, trajetória do raio, velocidade sísmica, velocity
355None
356Antonyms:isotropic
357--
358asfáltico aditivo de lama
3591.n. [Drilling Fluids]
360A group of high-viscosity or solid hydrocarbons obtained from naturally occurring deposits or from the residue of petróleo refining, commonly used as additives for oil-base and water-base muds. Molten asfalto can be further processed by heating and passing air through the melt to oxidize and polymerize its components. Cooled, air-blown asfalto is glassy and can be ground. It has a high softening point and polar sites that offer emulsion-stabilizing qualities and affinity for clays and shales.
361polar compound, sulfonated asfalto
362None
363None
364--
365absorção
3661.n. [Geophysics]
367The conversion of one form of energy into another as the energy passes through a medium. For example, seismic waves are partially converted to heat as they passada through rocha.
368absorção banda, atenuação, Q, wave
369None
370None
371--
372absorção
3732.n. [Production Facilities]
374The property of some liquids or solids to soak up water or other fluids. The natural desidratação do gás process uses glycols (liquids) that absorb the water vapor to finally obtain dehydrated gás. In the same way, óleo leve, also called absorção óleo, is used to remove the heavier liquid hydrocarbons from a gás úmido stream to obtain gás seco.
375adsorption, dehydrate, desiccant, glycol, glycol desidratador, gás natural
376None
377None
378--
379afe
3801.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
381A budgetary document, usually prepared by the operador, to list estimated expenses of perfuração a well to a specified depth, revestimento point or geological objective, and then either completing or abandoning the well. Such expenses may include excavation and surface site preparation, the daily rental rate of a sonda de perfuração, costs of combustível, drillpipe, bits, revestimento, cimento and perfilagem, and testemunhagem and testing of the well, among others. This estimate of expenses is provided to partners for approval prior to commencement of perfuração or subsequent operations. Failure to approve an authority for expenditure (AFE) may result in delay or cancellation of the proposed perfuração project or subsequent operation.
382None
383None
384authority for expenditure
385--
386formação anisotrópica
3871.n. [Well Testing]
388A formação with directionally dependent properties. The most common directionally dependent properties are permeabilidade and tensão. Most formations have vertical to horizontal permeabilidade anisotropia with permeabilidade vertical being much less (often an order of magnitude less) than horizontal permeabilidade. Bedding plane permeabilidade anisotropia is common in the presence of natural fractures. Stress anisotropia is frequently greatest between sobrecarga tensão and horizontal tensão in the plano de acamamento. Bedding plane tensão contrasts are common in tectonically active regions. Permeability anisotropia can sometimes be related to tensão anisotropia.
389directional permeabilidade, rocha mechanics
390None
391Antonyms:isotropic formação
392--
393cessão
3941.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
395The sale, transfer or conveyance of all or a fração of ownership interest or rights owned in real estate or other such property. The term is commonly used in the óleo and gás business to convey working interest, leases, royalty, overriding royalty interest and net profits interest.
396conveyance
397None
398None
399--
400absorção óleo
4011.n. [Production Facilities]
402A light liquid hidrocarboneto used to absorb or remove the heavier liquid hydrocarbons from a gás úmido stream. Absorption óleo is also called wash óleo.
403None
404None
405None
406--
407agc
4081.n. [Geophysics]
409Abbreviation for controle de ganho automático. A system to automatically control the ganho, or the increase in the amplitude of an electrical signal from the original input to the amplified output. AGC is commonly used in processamento sísmico to improve visibility of late-arriving events in which atenuação or frente de onda divergência has caused amplitude declínio (Port.).
410None
411None
412controle de ganho automático
413--
414anisotropia
4151.n. [Geophysics, Shale Gas, Geology]
416Predictable variation of a property of a material with the direction in which it is measured, which can occur at all scales. For a cristal of a mineral, variation in physical properties observed in different directions is anisotropia. In rocks, variation in velocidade sísmica measured parallel or perpendicular to acamamento surfaces is a form of anisotropia.Often found where platy minerals such as micas and clays align parallel to deposicional acamamento as sediments are compacted, anisotropia is common in shales.
417anisotropic, formação anisotrópica, birefringence, extensive dilatância anisotropia, heterogeneous formação, trajetória do raio, velocidade sísmica, velocity
418aeolotropy
419Antonyms:isotropy
420--
421corrosão atmosférica
4221.n. [Well Completions]
423Corrosion (oxidization) resulting from exposure of susceptible materials to oxygen and moisture. Atmospheric corrosão is generally associated with surface storage conditions, or with upper parede do poço annuli that may not be fluid-filled.
424None
425None
426None
427--
428accretion
4291.n. [Drilling Fluids]
430The mechanism by which partially hydrated amostras de calha stick to parts of the bottomhole assembly and accumulate as a compacted, layered jazida.
431None
432None
433None
434--
435agc time constant
4361.n. [Geophysics]
437The exponential rate constant (τ) that determines how quickly the output amplitude of an electrical signal that is under controle de ganho automático (AGC) responds to a sudden increase or decrease in input signal amplitude. Mathematically,Af(t) = Ai(t) + ΔAi (1 − e−t/τ) where Af is the output signal amplitude, Ai is the input signal amplitude (Ai), ΔAi is the change in input signal amplitude and t is time. When t equals τ, the function (1−e−t/τ) equals (1−1/e) equals 0.63. Therefore, the AGC time constant (τ) is the amount of time that elapses for the output signal of AGC to reflect 63% of the change in the input signal amplitude.
438automatic controle de ganho, AGC
439None
440None
441--
442annular preventor de erupção
4431.n. [Drilling]
444A large valve used to control parede do poço fluids. In this type of valve, the sealing elemento resembles a large rubber doughnut that is mechanically squeezed inward to selo on either tubo (drill colar, drillpipe, revestimento, or tubing) or the openhole. The ability to selo on a variety of tubo sizes is one advantage the annular preventor de erupção has over the ram preventor de erupção. Most preventor de erupção (BOP) stacks contain at least one annular BOP at the top of the BOP pilha, and one or more ram-type preventers below. While not considered as reliable in sealing over the openhole as around tubulars, the elastomeric sealing doughnut is required by API specifications to selo adequately over the openhole as part of its certification process.
445erupção preventer, snubbing, stripping
446annular BOP
447None
448--
449atapulgita
4501.n. [Drilling Fluids]
451A needle-like argila mineral composed of magnesium-aluminum silicato. Major deposits occur naturally in Georgia, USA. Attapulgite and sepiolite have similar structures and both can be used in saltwater lama to provide low-shear rate viscosidade for levantamento de petróleo (Port.) amostras de calha out of the ânulo and for barita suspensão. Attapulgite and sepiolite are sometimes called "salt gel." Attapulgite has no capability to control the filtração properties of the lama. For use as an óleo aditivo de lama, the argila is coated with quaternário amine, which makes it oil-dispersible and provides gel structure but does not improve the reboco, unlike organophilic bentonita argila.
452barite, argila, amostras de calha, gel, óleo lama, organophilic argila, quaternário amine, taxa de cisalhamento
453None
454None
455--
456acumulador
4571.n. [Production, Well Workover and Intervention]
458A device used in a hydraulic system to store energy or, in some applications, dampen pressão fluctuations. Energy is stored by compressing a precharged gás bladder with fluido hidráulico from the operating or charging system. Depending on the fluid volume and precharge pressão of the acumulador, a limited amount of hydraulic energy is then available independent of any other power source. Well pressure-control systems typically incorporate sufficient acumulador capacity to enable the preventor de erupção to be operated with all other power descomissionamento.
459unidade hidráulica de força
460None
461None
462--
463agglomeration
4641.n. [Drilling Fluids]
465The formação of groups or clusters of particles (aggregates) in a fluid. In water or in water-base fluido de perfuração, argila particles form aggregates in a dehydrated, face-to-face configuration. This occurs after a maciço influx of dureza ions into freshwater lama or during changeover to a lime lama or gyp lama. Agglomeration results in drastic reductions in viscosidade plástica, yield point and força gel. It is part of wastewater cleanup and water clarification. Alum or polymers cause colloidal particles to agregado, allowing easier separation.
466clay, clay-water interaction, colloidal solids, dewatering, dispersão, floculação, greasing out, wastewater cleanup
467aggregation
468None
469--
470annular bop
4711.n. [Drilling]
472A large valve used to control parede do poço fluids. In this type of valve, the sealing elemento resembles a large rubber doughnut that is mechanically squeezed inward to selo on either tubo (drill colar, drillpipe, revestimento, or tubing) or the openhole. The ability to selo on a variety of tubo sizes is one advantage the annular preventor de erupção has over the ram preventor de erupção. Most preventor de erupção (BOP) stacks contain at least one annular BOP at the top of the BOP pilha, and one or more ram-type preventers below. While not considered as reliable in sealing over the openhole as around tubulars, the elastomeric sealing doughnut is required by API specifications to selo adequately over the openhole as part of its certification process.
473erupção preventer, snubbing, stripping
474annular preventor de erupção
475None
476--
477atenuação
4781.n. [Geophysics]
479The loss of energy or amplitude of waves as they passada through media. Seismic waves lose energy through absorção, reflection and refraction at interfaces, conversão de modo and divergência esférica, or spreading of the wave.
480amplitude, onda convertida, Fresnel zone, Q, suppression, true-amplitude recovery, wave
481None
482attenuate
483--
484atenuação
4852.n. [Formation Evaluation]
486The reduction in amplitude of an electromagnetic wave passing through the formação, usually measured in decibels/meter, dB/m. The term is used in particular with reference to the propagation resistividade perfil and the perfil de propagação eletromagnética.
487atenuação resistividade, decibel, medida de propagação eletromagnética, propagation resistividade medição
488None
489None
490--
491acetic ácido
4921.n. [Well Completions, Drilling Fluids, Well Workover and Intervention]
493An ácido orgânico used in oil- and gas-well stimulation treatments. Less corrosive than the commonly used hydrochloric ácido, acetic ácido treatments can be more easily inhibited or retarded for treatments of long duration. This is necessary particularly in applications requiring the protection of exotic alloys or in high-temperature wells. In most cases, acetic ácido is used in conjunction with hydrochloric ácido and other ácido additives. It can also be used as a chelating agent.
494inhibit, retarder
495None
496None
497--
498agregado
4991.n. [Drilling Fluids]
500Group or cluster of particles in a fluid. In water or in water-base fluido de perfuração, argila particles form aggregates in a dehydrated, face-to-face configuration. This occurs after a maciço influx of dureza ions into freshwater lama or during changeover to a lime lama or gyp lama. Aggregation results in drastic reductions in viscosidade plástica, yield point and força gel. It is part of wastewater cleanup and water clarification. Alum or polymers cause colloidal particles to agregado, allowing easier separation.
501agglomeration, aggregation, argila, clay-water interaction, colloidal solids, dewatering, dispersão, floculação, greasing out, wastewater cleanup
502None
503None
504--
505escoamento anular
5061.n. [Production Logging]
507A escoamento multifásico regime in which the lighter fluid flows in the center of the tubo, and the heavier fluid is contained in a thin film on the tubo wall. The lighter fluid may be a mist or an emulsão. Annular escoamento occurs at high velocities of the lighter fluid, and is observed in both vertical and horizontal wells. As the velocity increases, the film may disappear, leading to mist escoamento or emulsão escoamento. When the interface between the fluids is irregular, the term wavy escoamento anular may be used.
508churn escoamento, escoamento structure, escuma escoamento
509None
510None
511--
512resistividade de atenuação
5131.n. [Formation Evaluation]
514The ability of a formação to resist electrical conduction, as derived from the reduction in amplitude of the electromagnetic wave generated in a propagation resistividade medição. At the frequencies used and within the varredura of medição, the atenuação depends almost solely on the resistividade, so that the former can be transformed to the latter with a simple algorithm. The transform also depends on transmitter/receiver spacings and tool design. For a 2-MHz medição, a typical medição varredura is 0.2 to 50 ohm-m. Above 50 ohm-m, the dependence of atenuação on resistividade is too small to measure accurately.
515dielectric resistividade, phase-shift resistividade, polarization horn, propagation resistividade, resistividade perfil
516None
517None
518--
519ácido
5201.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
521Pertaining to an solução aquosa, such as a water-base fluido de perfuração, which has more hidrogênio ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-) and pH less than 7.
522acidez
523None
524Antonyms:alkaline
525--
526ácido
5272.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
528A generic term used to describe a treatment fluid typically comprising hydrochloric ácido and a blend of ácido additives. Acid treatments are commonly designed to include a varredura of ácido types or blends, such as acetic, formic, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and fluroboric acids. Applications for the various ácido types or blends are based on the reaction characteristics of the prepared treatment fluid.
529acetic ácido, acidez, formic ácido, hydrofluoric ácido
530None
531None
532--
533aggregation
5341.n. [Drilling Fluids]
535The formação of groups or clusters of particles (aggregates) in a fluid. In water or in water-base fluido de perfuração, argila particles form aggregates in a dehydrated, face-to-face configuration. This occurs after a maciço influx of dureza ions into freshwater lama or during changeover to a lime lama or gyp lama. Aggregation results in drastic reductions in viscosidade plástica, yield point and força gel. It is part of wastewater cleanup and water clarification. Alum or polymers cause colloidal particles to agregado, allowing easier separation.
536aggregate, argila, clay-water interaction, colloidal solids, dewatering, dispersão, floculação, greasing out, wastewater cleanup
537agglomeration
538None
539--
540gás no anular escoamento
5411.n. [Drilling]
542A escoamento of formação gás in the ânulo between a coluna de revestimento and the poço de petróleo wall. Annular gás flows occur when there is insufficient pressão hidrostática to restrain the gás. They can occur in uncemented intervals and even in cemented sections if the presa do cimento is poor. After cimentação, as the cimento begins to harden, a gel-like structure forms that effectively supports the solid material in the pasta de cimento. However, during this initial gelling período, the cimento has no appreciable strength. Hence, with the solid (weighting) material now supported by the gel structure, the effective densidade of the cimento pastoso that the reservatório experiences falls rather suddenly to the densidade of the mix water of the cimento, which is usually água doce, whose densidade is 8.34 lbm/gal, or a gradient of 0.434 psi/ft of vertical column height. Various chemical additives have been developed to reduce gás no anular escoamento.
543cimento
544None
545None
546--
547audio medição
5481.n. [Production Logging]
549A technique for recording sound at different positions in the poço de petróleo to generate a perfil de ruído. The medição technique uses a microphone to record signals in the audible varredura approximately 20 to 20,000 Hz . In some circumstances, the frequência of the signal can be related to the source of noise and the regime de fluxo, while the amplitude of the signal can be related to the vazão. The useful signal lies approximately between 100 and 5000 Hz, with lower frequencies generally representing background and mechanical noise. The medição may record the total signal over all frequencies, the signal at a single frequência, or consist of a set of measurements over different frequência ranges.
550flowmeter, perfil de produção
551None
552None
553--
554ácido job
5551.n. [Well Workover and Intervention, Well Completions]
556The treatment of a reservatório formação with a stimulation fluid containing a reactive ácido. In arenito formations, the ácido reacts with the soluble substances in the formação matriz to enlarge the poro spaces. In carbonato formations, the ácido dissolves the entire formação matriz. In each case, the acidificação de matriz treatment improves the formação permeabilidade to enable enhanced produção of reservatório fluids. Matrix acidizing operations are ideally performed at high rate, but at treatment pressures below the fratura pressão of the formação. This enables the ácido to penetrate the formação and extend the depth of treatment while avoiding damage to the reservatório formação.
557matrix, stimulation fluid
558ácido stimulation, acidificar, acidizing, acidificação de matriz, matriz stimulation
559None
560--
561air corte lama
5621.n. [Drilling Fluids, Drilling]
563A fluido de perfuração (or mud) that has gás (air or natural gas) bubbles in it, resulting in a lower bulk, unpressurized densidade compared with a lama not corte by gás. The densidade of lama cortada por gás can be measured accurately using a pressurized lama balance. Defoamer chemicals added to the lama or a mechanical vacuum bomba desgaseificador can liberate the trapped gás.The torrista periodically measures lama densidade and communicates the results to the driller via an intercom, typically reporting something like "9.6 heavy," "10.4," or "13.2 light," indicating more than 9.6 pounds per gallon, 10.4 pounds per gallon, or less than 13.2 pounds per gallon, respectively. Each tenth of a pound per gallon is referred to as a "point" of peso da lama. Note that for this low-accuracy medição, no direct mention of gás corte is made. A gás corte is inferred only if the lama returning to the surface is significantly less dense than it should be. In the case of the lama logger's medição, "units" of gás (having virtually no absoluto meaning) are reported. For the lama logger's medição, a direct indication of combustível gases is made, with no direct correlação to peso da lama.
564derrickman, fluido de perfuração
565lama cortada por gás
566None
567--
568velocidade anular
5691.n. [Drilling]
570The speed at which fluido de perfuração or cimento moves in the ânulo. It is important to monitor velocidade anular to ensure that the poço de petróleo is being properly cleaned of amostras de calha, cavings and other debris while avoiding erosão of the poço de petróleo wall. The velocidade anular is commonly expressed in units of feet per minute or, less commonly, meters per minute. The term is distinct from volumetric escoamento.
571None
572None
573AV
574--
575velocidade anular
5762.n. [Well Completions]
577The linear velocity of a fluid passing through an espaço anular. The term critical velocidade anular is often used to describe the vazão or velocity at which entrained solids will be efficiently transported by the annular fluid. If the fluid velocity falls below the vazão crítica, there will be a risco of particles settling, forming beds or bridges that may obstruct the parede do poço.
578None
579None
580None
581--
582aulacogen
5831.n. [Geology]
584In plate tectonics, a failed rifte braço. At the junctions of tectonic plates, three intersecting lithospheric plates typically are separated by "arms." Arms might be areas of rifting, convergência or transform faults (similar to a strike-slip fault). The braço along which the motion that spreads the plates apart ceases is termed the failed braço, or aulacogen. Spreading or rifting along the other arms of the triple junction can form new oceanic basins, whereas the aulacogen can become a sediment-filled graben.
585fault, lithosphere, plate tectonics, transform falta
586None
587None
588--
589estimulação ácida
5901.n. [Well Completions, Well Workover and Intervention]
591The treatment of a reservatório formação with a stimulation fluid containing a reactive ácido. In arenito formations, the ácido reacts with the soluble substances in the formação matriz to enlarge the poro spaces. In carbonato formations, the ácido dissolves the entire formação matriz. In each case, the acidificação de matriz treatment improves the formação permeabilidade to enable enhanced produção of reservatório fluids. Matrix acidizing operations are ideally performed at high rate, but at treatment pressures below the fratura pressão of the formação. This enables the ácido to penetrate the formação and extend the depth of treatment while avoiding damage to the reservatório formação.
592matrix, stimulation fluid
593ácido job, acidificar, acidizing, acidificação de matriz, matriz stimulation
594None
595--
596air drill
5971.vb. [Drilling]
598To drill using gases (typically compressed air or nitrogen) to cool the broca de perfuração and lift amostras de calha out of the parede do poço, instead of the more conventional use of liquids. The advantages of perfuração a ar are that it is usually much faster than perfuração with liquids and it may eliminate perda de retorno do fluido problems. The disadvantages are the inability to control the influx of formação fluid into the parede do poço and the destabilization of the poço de petróleo wall in the absence of the parede do poço pressão typically provided by liquids.
599lost circulação, mist perfuração
600None
601None
602--
603ânulo
6041.n. [Drilling]
605The space between two concentric objects, such as between the parede do poço and revestimento or between revestimento and tubo de produção, where fluid can escoamento. Pipe may consist of drill collars, drillpipe, revestimento or tubo de produção.
606annular velocity, bridge, centralizador de revestimento, cimento, cimentação, crossflow, substituição de fluido, comando de perfuração, excentricidade, flapper valve, pack off
607None
608annuli
609--
610ânulo
6112.n. [Formation Evaluation]
612With reference to invasion, a region between the flushed zone and the undisturbed zone containing a buildup of água de formação. The ânulo forms during invasion and is caused by the different mobilities of óleo and water. It only occurs in the presence of both, but is unstable and will dissipate vertically or horizontally with time. The ânulo has approximately the same water saturação as the flushed zone but contains água de formação. When the água de formação is much more saline than the filtrado da lama, the ânulo forms a conductive ring around the poço de petróleo.This condutividade will cause an perfil de indução to read too low a resistividade, by an amount that depends on its profundidade de investigação and the radius of the ânulo. (Laterologs are little affected since they respond to resistividade, not condutividade.) Often a medium perfil will be more affected than a deep perfil so that an ânulo can be detected by out-of-order curves (medium curves reading less than either shallow or deep). Array induction logs contain enough information to solve and correct for the effect of the ânulo.
613depth of invasion, transition zone, undisturbed zone
614None
615None
616--
617ânulo
6183.n. [Well Testing]
619The space between two concentric tubo strings, such as between the produção tubo de produção and revestimento in a well. The term may also refer to the space between a tubo coluna and the poço de petróleo wall in an openhole completação or openhole drillstem test (DST).
620None
621None
622None
623--
624authority for expenditure
6251.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
626A budgetary document, usually prepared by the operador, to list estimated expenses of perfuração a well to a specified depth, revestimento point or geological objective, and then either completing or abandoning the well. Such expenses may include excavation and surface site preparation, the daily rental rate of a sonda de perfuração, costs of combustível, drillpipe, bits, revestimento, cimento and perfilagem, and testemunhagem and testing of the well, among others. This estimate of expenses is provided to partners for approval prior to commencement of perfuração or subsequent operations. Failure to approve an authority for expenditure (AFE) may result in delay or cancellation of the proposed perfuração project or subsequent operation.
627revestimento point
628None
629AFE
630--
631ácido tank
6321.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
633The rubber-lined vessel used to transport raw or concentrated ácido to the wellsite. Some ácido additives attack or degrade rubber. Consequently, tratamento ácido fluids are not generally mixed or transported in ácido tanks, but are instead mixed in special batelada tanks or continuously mixed as the treatment is pumped.
634treatment fluid
635None
636None
637--
638perfuração a ar
6391.n. [Drilling]
640A perfuração technique whereby gases (typically compressed air or nitrogen) are used to cool the broca de perfuração and lift amostras de calha out of the parede do poço, instead of the more conventional use of liquids. The advantages of perfuração a ar are that it is usually much faster than perfuração with liquids and it may eliminate perda de retorno do fluido problems. The disadvantages are the inability to control the influx of formação fluid into the parede do poço and the destabilization of the poço de petróleo wall in the absence of the parede do poço pressão typically provided by liquids.
641lost circulação, mist perfuração
642None
643None
644--
645anodo
6461.n. [Drilling Fluids]
647The half of a battery that is positively charged and to which anions migrate by electrostatic attraction. Half of an corrosão eletrolítica cell in metal is called the "anode," from which metal dissolves, often leaving pits. The anodo is the part of a corrosão cell in which oxidação occurs.
648anodo de sacrifício
649None
650Antonyms:cathode
651--
652anodo
6532.n. [Drilling Fluids]
654A protective device to prevent corrosão eletrolítica. Anodes (often made of Mg or Al metal) are sacrificed intentionally to protect a steel system, such as a buried conduta (Port.) or plataforma de petróleo.
655cupom de corrosão
656anodo de sacrifício
657None
658--
659autochthon
6601.n. [Geology]
661Materials, especially rocha masses, that formed in their present location and have not been transported. Fault surfaces can separate indigenous rocks from alóctone rocks, although some alóctone rocks are clearly delineated by their differing composition.
662autochthonous
663None
664Antonyms:allochthon
665--
666ácido wash
6671.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
668A parede do poço tratamento ácido designed to remove scale or similar deposits from perforations and well-completion components. Acid-wash treatments generally do not include injection of treatment fluid into the reservatório formação.
669canhoneado
670None
671None
672--
673detonação aérea
6741.n. [Geophysics]
675A method of seismic acquisition using charges detonated in the air or on poles above the ground as the source. Air shooting is also called the Poulter method after American geophysicist Thomas Poulter.
676dynamite, shot depth, source
677None
678None
679--
680antithetic falta
6811.n. [Geology]
682A minor, secondary falta, usually one of a set, whose sense of substituição de fluido is opposite to its associated major and sintético faults. Antithetic-synthetic falta sets are typical in areas of normal faulting.
683normal falta
684None
685Antonyms:synthetic falta
686--
687autochthonous
6881.adj. [Geology]
689Materials, especially rocha masses, that formed in their present location and have not been transported. Fault surfaces can separate indigenous rocks from alóctone rocks, although some alóctone rocks are clearly delineated by their differing composition.
690autochthon
691None
692Antonyms:allochthonous
693--
694acoustic
6951.adj. [Geophysics]
696Pertaining to sound. Generally, acoustic describes sound or vibrational events, regardless of frequência. The term sonic is limited to frequencies and tools operated in the frequência varredura of 1 to 25 kilohertz.
697acoustic coupler, perfil acústico, bel, decibel, onda elástica, hertz, side-scan sonar, sismograma sintético, transit time, velocity
698None
699None
700--
701acoustic
7022.adj. [Geophysics]
703In geophysics, acoustic refers specifically to P-waves in the absence of S-waves (i.e., in fluids, which do not support S-waves, or in cases in which S-waves in solids are ignored).
704P-wave, S-wave
705None
706None
707--
708air corte lama
7091.n. [Drilling, Drilling Fluids]
710A fluido de perfuração (or mud) that has gás (air or natural gas) bubbles in it, resulting in a lower bulk, unpressurized densidade compared with a lama not corte by gás. The densidade of lama cortada por gás can be measured accurately using a pressurized lama balance. Defoamer chemicals added to the lama or a mechanical vacuum bomba desgaseificador can liberate the trapped gás.The torrista periodically measures lama densidade and communicates the results to the driller via an intercom, typically reporting something like "9.6 heavy," "10.4," or "13.2 light," indicating more than 9.6 pounds per gallon, 10.4 pounds per gallon, or less than 13.2 pounds per gallon, respectively. Each tenth of a pound per gallon is referred to as a "point" of peso da lama. Note that for this low-accuracy medição, no direct mention of gás corte is made. A gás corte is inferred only if the lama returning to the surface is significantly less dense than it should be. In the case of the lama logger's medição, "units" of gás (having virtually no absoluto meaning) are reported. For the lama logger's medição, a direct indication of combustível gases is made, with no direct correlação to peso da lama.
711derrickman, fluido de perfuração
712lama cortada por gás
713None
714--
715antiwhirl broca
7161.n. [Drilling]
717A broca de perfuração, usually polycrystalline diamond compacto broca (PDC) type, designed such that the individual cutting elements on the broca create a net imbalance force. This imbalance force pushes the broca against the side of the poço de petróleo, which in turn creates a stable rotating condition that resists backwards whirling, wobbling and downhole vibration. Antiwhirl bits allow faster rates of penetração, yet achieve longer broca life than more conventional bits, which are not dynamically biased to run smoothly, are inherently unstable, are vibration-prone and thus have shorter lives. No broca is whirl-proof, however.
718bit, bottomhole assembly, perfuração rate, broca PDC, broca de cones
719None
720None
721--
722controle de ganho automático
7231.n. [Geophysics]
724A system to control the ganho, or the increase in the amplitude of an electrical signal from the original input to the amplified output, automatically. AGC is commonly used in processamento sísmico to improve visibility of late-arriving events in which atenuação or frente de onda divergência has caused amplitude declínio (Port.).
725event, processing, Q
726None
727AGC, AGC time constant
728--
729perfil acústico
7301.n. [Geophysics]
731A display of tempo de viagem of acoustic waves versus depth in a well. The term is commonly used as a synonym for a perfil sônico. Some acoustic logs display velocity.
732acoustic wave, depth conversion, tempo de trânsito intervalar, velocidade intervalar, velocity foto
733perfil acústico de velocidade
734None
735--
736perfil acústico
7372.n. [Formation Evaluation]
738A record of some acoustic property of the formação or poço de petróleo. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to the perfil sônico, in the sense of the formação compressional slowness. However, it may also refer to any other sonic medição, for example shear, flexural and Stoneley slownesses or amplitudes, or to ultrassônico measurements such as the poço de petróleo televiewer and other pulse-echo devices, and even to noise logs.
739acoustic mode, flexural mode, tempo de trânsito intervalar, perfil de ruído, Stoneley wave
740None
741None
742--
743alford rotation
7441.n. [Formation Evaluation]
745A processing technique to project formação shear data recorded in any two orthogonal directions into the fast and slow shear directions in the presence of shear-wave anisotropia. In the sonic perfilagem application, a dipolo transmissor excites a flexural mode that is recorded at one set of receivers that is in-line with the dipolo and other receivers that are 90o out of line (the cross-dipole component). A similar recording is made of the wave from a second dipolo transmissor, mounted orthogonally to the first. The flexural-wave velocity is closely related to the formação shear velocity, particularly at low frequencies and in hard formations. Using all four waveforms, the rotação de Alford is used to determine the speed and direction of the fast and the slow onda cisalhante. Reference: Alford RM: "Shear Data in the Presence of Azimuthal Anisotropy: Dilley, Texas," Expanded Abstracts, 56th SEG Annual International Meeting and Exposition, Houston, Texas, USA, November 2-6, 1986, Paper S9.6
746anisotropy, stress-induced anisotropia
747None
748None
749--
750api
7511.n. [General Terms]
752Abbreviation for Instituto Americano do Petróleo, a trade association founded in 1919 with offices in Washington, DC, USA. The API is sponsored by the óleo and gás industry and is recognized worldwide. Among its long-term endeavors is the development of standardized testing procedures for perfuração equipment, perfuração fluids and cements, called API Recommended Practices ("RPs"). The API licenses the use of its monogram (logo), monitors supplier quality assurance methods and sets minimum standards for materials used in perfuração and completação operations, called API Specifications ("Specs"). The API works in conjunction with the International Organization of Standards (ISO).Note: "API Publications, Programs and Services Catalogue" can be ordered from the API in electronic form at: http://www.api.org.Reference: Recommended Practice on the Rheology and Hydraulics of Oil-Well Drilling Fluids, 3rd ed. Washington, DC, USA: Instituto Americano do Petróleo, 1995.Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Laboratory Testing of Drilling Fluids, 5th ed. Washington, DC, USA: Instituto Americano do Petróleo, 1995.
753apparent viscosidade, ASTM, barita, beneficiation, sulfato de cálcio, filtrado volume, ponto de fulgor, Garrett Gas Train, força gel, gyp lama, high-pressure, high-temperature teste de filtração, high-pressure, high-temperature viscosímetro, IP, ISO, medium, milligrams per liter, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), peptized argila, quality assurance, RP, titration, ultrafine, water, óleo and solids test
754None
755None
756--
757autotrack
7581.vb. [Geophysics]
759To use computer software to pick a particular reflection or atributo in dado sísmico automatically. Autotracking can speed interpretation of three-dimensional dado sísmico, but must be checked for errors, especially in areas of faulting and stratigraphic changes.
760interpretation
761None
762None
763--
764transdutor acústico
7651.n. [Formation Evaluation]
766A device for transforming electrical energy into sound, or vice versa. In sonic perfilagem applications, acoustic transducers are usually made of piezoelectric ceramic or magnetostrictive materials, and may be used as either receivers or transmitters in a frequência varredura between about 1 and 30 kHz. The transducers are excited as either monopoles, emitting or receiving sound in all directions, or dipoles, emitting or receiving in one plane. In ultrassônico perfilagem applications, acoustic transducers are made of piezoelectric ceramic materials, and often are used in alternating transmitter/receiver (pulse-echo) mode, in a frequência varredura from a few hundred kilohertz to a few megahertz.
767monopole, perfil sônico, sonic medição, ultrassônico medição
768None
769None
770--
771alifático compound
7721.n. [Drilling Fluids]
773One of a group of orgânico compounds of carbono (C) and hidrogênio (H) in which the carbono atoms have linear, branched chain (open), or both types of structures. Aliphatics, as they are informally called, can be divided into paraffinic (saturated) and olefinic (unsaturated) chain types. The simplest alifático, paraffinic hidrocarboneto is metano, CH4. The simplest alifático, olefinic hidrocarboneto is etileno, C2H6. In perfuração fluids, particularly oil-base muds, the amounts and types of hidrocarboneto in the lama can be an important parameter in overall performance of the lama.
774aromático hidrocarboneto, naftênico hidrocarboneto, oil-base lama, soap
775acíclica compound
776None
777--
778api 6d
7791.n. [Production]
780API 6D specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, fabricação, testing and documentation of bola, check, gate and tampão valves for application in conduta (Port.) systems.
781None
782None
783None
784--
785autotracking
7861.n. [Geophysics]
787Use of computer software to pick a particularreflectionorattributeinseismicdata automatically. Autotracking can speed interpretation ofthree-dimensional dado sísmico, but must be checked for errors, especially in areas of faulting and stratigraphic changes.
788interpretation
789None
790None
791--
792transparência acústica
7931.n. [Geophysics]
794The quality of a medium whose impedância acústica is constant throughout, such that it contains no seismic reflections. An example of an acoustically transparent medium is water.
795reflection
796None
797None
798--
799injeção alcalina
8001.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
801An recuperação melhorada de óleo technique in which an alcalino chemical such as sodium hydroxide, sodium orthosilicate or sodium carbonato is injected during polímero inundação or injeção de água operations. The alcalino chemical reacts with certain types of oils, forming surfactants inside the reservatório. Eventually, the surfactants reduce the tensão interfacial between óleo and water and trigger an increase in óleo produção.Alkaline inundação is not recommended for carbonato reservoirs because of the abundance of calcium: the mixture between the alcalino chemical and the calcium ions can produce hydroxide precipitation that may damage the formação.Alkaline inundação is also known as injeção cáustica.
802alkaline-surfactant-polymer inundação, chemical inundação, micellar-polymer inundação
803None
804None
805--
806api perda de fluido test
8071.n. [Drilling Fluids]
808A test to measure filtração estática behavior of water lama at ambient (room) temperature and 100-psi differential pressão, usually performed according to specifications set by API, using a estática filtro prensa. The filter medium is filter paper with 7.1 sq. in. filtering area. A half-size cell is sometimes used, in which case the filtrado volume is doubled.
809filter cake, filter medium, filtro prensa, filter-cake quality, filter-cake thickness, filtrado, filtrado tracer, filtrado volume, filtração, fluid-loss control, fluid-loss-control material, relative filtrado volume, spurt loss, filtração estática
810API fluid-loss test
811Antonyms:high-pressure, high-temperature teste de filtração
812--
813pressão média do reservatório
8141.n. [Well Testing]
815The pressão that would be obtained if all fluid motion ceases in a given volume of reservatório. It also is the pressão to which a well will ultimately rise if shut in for an infinite período.
816pressão estática
817None
818None
819--
820pressão média do reservatório
8212.n. [Production Testing]
822A volumetric average of the pressão exerted by the fluids inside the reservatório at a specific depleção stage. Average pressão de reservatório can be measured only when the well is shut in.
823None
824None
825None
826--
827acoustic tempo de viagem
8281.n. [Geophysics]
829The duration of the passage of a signal from the source through the Earth and back to the receiver. A time seismic section typically shows the two-way tempo de viagem of the wave.
830acoustic perfil, velocidade média, depth map, depth migration, isócrona map, receiver, signal, perfil sônico, source, two-way tempo de viagem, wave
831tempo de viagem
832None
833--
834allochthon
8351.n. [Geology]
836A rocha massa formed somewhere other than its present location, which was transported by falta movements, large-scale gravity sliding, or similar processes.
837alóctone
838None
839Antonyms:autochthon
840--
841api perda de fluido test
8421.n. [Drilling Fluids]
843A test to measure filtração estática behavior of water lama at ambient (room) temperature and 100-psi differential pressão, usually performed according to specifications set by API, using a estática filtro prensa. The filter medium is filter paper with 7.1 sq. in. filtering area. A half-size cell is sometimes used, in which case the filtrado volume is doubled.
844filter cake, filter medium, filtrado, low-pressure, low-temperature teste de filtração, relative filtrado volume, spurt loss
845None
846None
847--
848velocidade média
8491.n. [Geophysics]
850In geophysics, the depth divided by the tempo de viagem of a wave to that depth. Average velocity is commonly calculated by assuming a vertical path, parallel layers and straight raypaths, conditions that are quite idealized compared to those actually found in the Earth.
851raypath, velocity
852None
853None
854--
855velocidade acústica
8561.n. [Geophysics]
857The rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium. Unlike the physicist's definition of velocity as a vector, its usage in geophysics is as a property of a medium: distance divided by tempo de viagem. Velocity can be determined from laboratory measurements, acoustic logs, vertical seismic profiles or from análise de velocidade of dado sísmico. It can vary vertically, laterally and azimuthally in anisotrópico media such as rocks, and tends to increase with depth in the Earth because compactação reduces porosidade. Velocity also varies as a function of how it is derived from the data. For example, the velocidade de empilhamento derived from sobretempo normal measurements of ponto comum em profundidade gathers differs from the velocidade média measured vertically from a check-shot or perfil sísmico vertical (VSP). Velocity would be the same only in a constant-velocity (homogeneous) medium.
858acoustic, impedância acústica, angular dispersão, anisotropia, velocidade aparente, atributo, velocidade média, base da camada de intemperismo, birefringence, onda canalizada, check-shot foto, depth conversion, depth migration, descontinuidade, dispersão, extensive dilatância anisotropia, chaminé de gás, horizonte, hidrocarboneto indicador, velocidade intervalar, processing, pull-up, push-down, traçamento de raio, coeficiente de reflexão, reflection tomography, refraction, refrator, root-mean-square velocity, traço sísmico, perfil sônico, velocidade de empilhamento, correção estática, sismograma sintético, migração de tempo, tomography, velocity, análise de velocidade, anomalia de velocidade, velocity correction, estratificação de velocidade, velocity foto, perfil sísmico vertical, wave, wave equation, comprimento de onda, correção de intemperismo
859None
860None
861--
862alóctone
8631.adj. [Geology]
864Pertaining to materials, particularly rocha masses, that formed somewhere other than their present location, and were transported by falta movements, large-scale gravity sliding, or similar processes. Autochthonous material, in contrast, formed in its present location. Landslides can result in large masses of alóctone rocha, which typically can be distinguished from autochthonous rocks on the basis of their difference in composition. Faults and folds can also separate allochthons from autochthons.
865fold
866None
867Antonyms:autochthonous
868--
869api gravity
8701.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery, Heavy Oil]
871A densidade relativa scale developed by the Instituto Americano do Petróleo (API) for measuring the relative densidade of various petróleo liquids, expressed in degrees. densidade API is gradated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10° and 70° densidade API. The arbitrary formula used to obtain this effect is: densidade API = (141.5/SG at 60°F) - 131.5, where SG is the densidade relativa of the fluid.
872None
873None
874None
875--
876avo
8771.n. [Geophysics]
878Abbreviation for amplitude variation with distância. Variation in amplitude sísmica de reflexão with change in distance between shotpoint and receiver that indicates differences in litologia and fluid content in rocks above and below the reflector. AVO analysis is a technique by which geophysicists attempt to determine thickness, porosidade, densidade, velocity, litologia and fluid content of rocks. Successful AVO analysis requires special processing of dado sísmico and modelagem sísmica to determine rocha properties with a known fluid content. With that knowledge, it is possible to model other types of fluid content. A gas-filled arenito might show increasing amplitude with distância, whereas a coal might show decreasing amplitude with distância. A limitation of AVO analysis using only P-energy is its failure to yield a unique solução, so AVO results are prone to misinterpretation. One common misinterpretation is the failure to distinguish a gas-filled reservatório from a reservatório having only partial saturação de gás ("fizz water"). However, AVO analysis using source-generated or mode-converted onda cisalhante energy allows differentiation of degrees of saturação de gás. AVO analysis is more successful in young, poorly consolidado rocks, such as those in the Gulf of Mexico, than in older, well-cemented sediments.
879None
880None
881amplitude variation with distância
882--
883acquisition
8841.n. [Geophysics]
885The generation and recording of dado sísmico. Acquisition involves many different receiver configurations, including laying geophones or seismometers on the surface of the Earth or teoria do espalhamento do assoalho oceânico, embarcação de manuseio de âncoras hydrophones behind a marine seismic vessel, suspending hydrophones vertically in the sea or placing geophones in a parede do poço (as in a vertical seismic profile) to record the sinal sísmico. A source, such as a vibrador unit, dynamite shot, or an canhão de ar, generates acoustic or elastic vibrations that travel into the Earth, passada through strata with different seismic responses and filtering effects, and return to the surface to be recorded as dado sísmico. Optimal acquisition varies according to local conditions and involves employing the appropriate source (both type and intensity), optimal configuration of receivers, and orientation of receiver lines with respect to geological features. This ensures that the highest signal-to-noise ratio can be recorded, resolution is appropriate, and extraneous effects such as air waves, rolamento superficial, multiples and diffractions can be minimized or distinguished, and removed through processing.
886acoustic positioning, onda aérea, aperture, efeito bolha, circle shooting, ponto médio comum method, crossline, deep tow, controlador de profundidade, eel, explosive dado sísmico, four-dimensional dado sísmico, gather, geofone, tubulação-cabeça, hidrofone, impulsive dado sísmico, in-line, distância perfil sísmico vertical, modelagem sísmica, seismic-while-drilling perfil sísmico vertical, seismometer, shot depth, shotpoint, skid, lanço, desvio do cabo, suppression, tail buoy, three-dimensional dado sísmico, time-lapse dado sísmico, transition zone, dado sísmico 2-D, detonação periférica, vibratory dado sísmico, water gun
887None
888None
889--
890alogênico
8911.adj. [Geology]
892Pertaining to minerals or rocha fragments that formed in one location but were transported to another location and deposited. Clastic sediments in a rocha such as arenito are alogênico, or formed elsewhere.
893clastic sedimento
894None
895Antonyms:authigenic
896--
897api unit
8981.n. [Formation Evaluation]
899The unit of radioatividade used for natural gamma raio logs. This unit is based on an artificially radioactive concreto bloco at the University of Houston, Texas, USA, that is defined to have a radioatividade of 200 Instituto Americano do Petróleo (API) units. This was chosen because it was considered to be twice the radioatividade of a typical xisto. The formação is the padrão primário de medição for calibrating gamma raio logs. However, even when properly calibrado (Port.), different gamma raio tools will not necessarily have identical readings downhole because their detectors can have different spectral sensitivities. They will read the same only if the downhole formação contains the same proportions of thorium, potassium and uranium as the Houston padrão. For example, perfilagem contínua (LWD) tools have thicker housings than wireline tools, causing a different spectral response to the three sources of radioatividade, and therefore a different total gamma raio reading in some formations.The nuclear well perfil calibração facility at the University of Houston, known as the API pits, was opened in 1959 for the calibração of natural gamma raio and neutron logs. A facility for calibrating natural gamma raio spectroscopy logs was added later.
900neutron perfil
901None
902None
903--
904axial loading
9051.n. [Well Completions]
906The force acting along the axis of an object. In parede do poço tubulars, axial loading is typically expressed as tension or compressão and may result from applied conditions such as set-down-weight, or be induced by operating conditions or variations such as changes in temperature that cause expansion or contraction of components.
907None
908None
909None
910--
911perfil de aquisição
9121.n. [Formation Evaluation]
913The perfil that is actually recorded while taking the measurements. It is distinct from a playback, which is produced later on from digital data.
914base perfil, perfil composto, perfil de correlação, perfil de detalhe
915None
916None
917--
918aluvial
9191.adj. [Geology]
920Pertaining to the subaéreo (as opposed to submarine) meio ambiente, action and products of a stream or river on its planície de inundação, usually consisting of detrital clastic sediments, and distinct from subaqueous deposição such as in lakes or oceans and lower energy fluvial deposição. Sediments deposited in an aluvial meio ambiente can be subject to high energia de deposição, such as fast-moving flood waters, and may be poorly selecionado or chaotic.
921alluvium, clastic sedimento, sistema deposicional, sedimento
922None
923None
924--
925anisotropia aparente
9261.n. [Geophysics]
927In dado sísmico, the ratio of the velocity determined from sobretempo normal (i.e., primarily a horizontal measurement) to velocity measured vertically in a perfil sísmico vertical or similar foto. Apparent anisotropia is of particular importance when migrating long-offset dado sísmico and analyzing AVO data accurately. The velocidade NMO involves the horizontal component of the velocity field, which affects sources and receivers that are distância, but the horizontal velocity field is not involved in velocity calculations from vertically measured time-depth pairs.
928amplitude variation with distância
929None
930None
931--
932axial surface
9331.n. [Geology]
934In folded rocks, the imaginary surface bisecting the limbs of the fold. The axial surface is called the axial plane when the fold is symmetrical and the lines defined by the points of maximum curvature of each folded camada, or hinge lines, are coplanar.
935None
936None
937None
938--
939acrylamide acrylate polímero
9401.n. [Drilling Fluids]
941A linear copolímero of acrylate (anionic) and acrylamide (nonionic) monomers, also called partially-hydrolyzed poliacrilamida (PHPA). The ratio of acrylic ácido to acrylamide groups on the polímero chain can be varied in fabricação, as can molecular weight. Another variable is the base used to neutralize the acrylic ácido groups, usually NaOH or KOH, or sometimes NH4OH. A concentration of approximately 10 to 30% acrylate groups provides optimal anionic characteristics for most perfuração applications. High-molecular weight PHPA is used as a shale-stabilizing polímero in PHPA lama systems. It is also used as argila estendedor, either dry-mixed into argila or added at the sonda to a low-bentonite lama. PHPA can also be used to flocculate colloidal solids during clear-water perfuração and for wastewater cleanup. Low molecular-weight PHPA is a argila deflocculant.
942None
943None
944acrylamide-acrylate polímero
945--
946aluvião
9471.n. [Geology]
948Material deposited in an aluvial meio ambiente, typically detrital sediments that are poorly selecionado.
949sedimento
950None
951None
952--
953matriz aparente
9541.n. [Formation Evaluation]
955A calculation of the properties of the solid fração of a rocha from the combination of two logs. For example, by combining the densidade and neutron porosidade measurements, it is possible to compute an matriz aparente density; by combining neutron porosidade and sonic medição, it is possible to compute an matriz aparente tempo de viagem. The computations assume a particular fluid, usually água doce, and particular response equations. The results are often displayed as quicklook logs for litologia identification. The word matriz is used here in the avaliação de formação sense of the term rather than the geological one.
956porosidade de gráfico cruzado
957None
958None
959--
960azimute
9611.n. [Geology]
962The angle between the vertical projection of a line of interest onto a horizontal surface and true north or magnetic north measured in a horizontal plane, typically measured clockwise from north.
963attitude, mergulho de camadas geológicas, strike, trend
964None
965None
966--
967azimute
9682.n. [Drilling]
969The compass direction of a directional foto or of the parede do poço as planned or measured by a directional foto. The azimute is usually specified in degrees with respect to the geographic or magnetic north pole.
970directional perfuração, inclinação, foto
971None
972None
973--
974azimute
9753.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
976The angle that characterizes a direction or vector relative to a reference direction (usually True North) on a horizontal plane. The azimute is usually quoted in degrees from 0 to 359.
977None
978None
979None
980--
981azimute
9824.n. [Drilling, Shale Gas]
983The direction in which a deviated or poço horizontal is drilled relative to magnetic north. Most horizontal wells in xisto reservoirs are drilled in the direction of the minimum horizontal tensão. This allows for the creation of múltipla hydraulic fractures that are normal to the parede do poço.
984None
985None
986None
987--
988acrylamide polímero
9891.n. [Drilling Fluids]
990A linear, nonionic polímero made of acrylamide monomers, CH2=CHCONH2 . High molecular-weight polyacrylamides are used as selective flocculants in clear-water perfuração, low-solids muds and wastewater cleanup. Polymers made of smaller molecules are used as argila deflocculants in water muds, which can contain dureza ions. Polyacrylamides are not nearly as sensitive to salinidade and dureza as the anionic polyacrylates (SPA). Also, being nonionic, they are not as powerful for floculação or defloculação applications. Acrylamide polymers are, however, susceptible to hydrolysis and release ammonia under hot, alcalino conditions.
991acrylamide-acrylate polímero, acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate polímero, acrylate polímero, argila estendedor, clear-water perfuração, colloidal solids, deflocculant, floculante, low-solids lama, PHPA lama, vinyl polímero, water clarification
992None
993None
994--
995all welded construction
9961.adj. [Production]
997As it pertains to a valve construction, a valve body that is completely welded and cannot be disassembled and repaired in the field.
998None
999None
1000None
1001--
1002velocidade aparente
10031.n. [Geophysics]
1004In geophysics, the velocity of a frente de onda in a certain direction, typically measured along a line of receivers and symbolized by va. Apparent velocity and velocity are related by the cosine of the angle at which the frente de onda approaches the receivers:va = v cos θ,whereva = apparent velocityv = velocity of wavefrontθ = angle at which a frente de onda approaches the geofone arranjo.
1005receiver, velocity, wave
1006None
1007None
1008--
1009azimutal
10101.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
1011Pertaining to being focused in one direction. An azimutal, or azimuthally focused, medição has one or more directions perpendicular to the surface of a ferramenta de perfilagem from which it receives most of its signal. Examples are the densidade, perfil lateral and microresistivity logs. A nonazimuthal, or azimuthally symmetric medição is one which measures equally in all directions around the tool. Examples are the induction, propagation resistividade perfil and gamma raio.
1012azimutal densidade, lateroperfil azimutal, ferramenta de perfilagem
1013None
1014None
1015--
1016azimutal
10172.adj. [Geology]
1018Pertaining to the angle between the vertical projection of a line of interest onto a horizontal surface and true north or magnetic north measured in a horizontal plane, typically measured clockwise from north.
1019attitude, mergulho de camadas geológicas, strike, trend
1020None
1021None
1022--
1023acrylamide acrylate polímero
10241.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1025A linear copolímero of acrylate (anionic) and acrylamide (nonionic) monomers, also called partially-hydrolyzed poliacrilamida (PHPA). The ratio of acrylic ácido to acrylamide groups on the polímero chain can be varied in fabricação, as can molecular weight. Another variable is the base used to neutralize the acrylic ácido groups, usually NaOH or KOH, or sometimes NH4OH. A concentration of approximately 10 to 30% acrylate groups provides optimal anionic characteristics for most perfuração applications. High-molecular weight PHPA is used as a shale-stabilizing polímero in PHPA lama systems. It is also used as argila estendedor, either dry-mixed into argila or added at the sonda to a low-bentonite lama. PHPA can also be used to flocculate colloidal solids during clear-water perfuração and for wastewater cleanup. Low molecular-weight PHPA is a argila deflocculant.
1026acrylamide polímero, acrylate polímero, beneficiation, clay-water interaction, copolímero, encapsulation, floculante, dureza ião (Port.), hydrolysis, low-solids lama, potassium lama, seawater lama, vinyl polímero
1027None
1028None
1029--
1030processamento alfa
10311.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1032A technique for combining a medição that has a high acurácia but low precisão with another medição of the same quantity that has a high precisão but low acurácia in order to produce a result that is better than either alone. Alpha processing is used to improve the resolução vertical of neutron porosidade and other dual-detector nuclear logs. The detector near the source has better precisão than the far detector in the sense that it responds more precisely to vertical changes. However, the near detector is less accurate because it is more affected by the poço de petróleo meio ambiente. Alpha processing mathematically superimposes the rapid changes of the near detector on the slowly changing but accurate far detector to produce an accurate perfil with high resolução vertical.The technique is also used to improve results from the perfil carbono-oxigênio and other pulsed neutron spectroscopy measurements. Two methods are used to determine the carbon/oxygen ratio. The windows method counts the number of gamma rays within energy windows placed at the main peaks for carbono and oxygen. This method has bem statistical precisão but poor acurácia, as gamma rays from other elements contaminate these windows. The other method, spectral stripping, compares the total spectrum against standards for many elements, inverting the spectrum to obtain the yield for each elemento. This method is more accurate but has less statistical precisão. Averaging over a number of measurements, processamento alfa adjusts the windows result with the more accurate spectral stripping in order to obtain a precise and accurate result.
1033compensated neutron perfil, pulsed neutron spectroscopy medição, response matched, vertical response
1034None
1035None
1036--
1037comprimento de onda aparente
10381.n. [Geophysics]
1039The comprimento de onda measured by receivers when a wave approaches at an angle. The relationship between true and comprimento de onda aparente can be shown mathematically as follows:λ = λa sin θ,whereλ = wavelengthλa = apparent wavelengthθ = angle at which a frente de onda approaches the geofone arranjo.
1040receiver, comprimento de onda
1041None
1042None
1043--
1044densidade azimutal
10451.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1046A type of perfilagem contínua perfil de densidade in which the densidade is measured at different azimuths around the comando de perfuração. The densidade medição is focused, so that when the colar rotates, the medição sees different azimuths around the poço de petróleo. An average densidade can be calculated by summing all the azimutal data. Alternatively, the data can be summed over different segments, for example in four quadrants, to give an densidade azimutal in four directions. When the poço de petróleo is overgauge, certain quadrants will be firmly pressed against the poço de petróleo wall, while others may have a significant standoff and too high a delta rho. The bem quadrants can then be chosen for avaliação de formação.
1047azimutal resolution, perfil de densidade compensado, densidade medição, quadrant densidade, spine and ribs plot
1048None
1049None
1050--
1051acrylate polímero
10521.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1053Linear, anionic polímero made from the monomer acrylic ácido, CH2=CHCOO- H+. The acrylic ácido groups are evenly spaced along the chain. Acrylic ácido polímero neutralized with NaOH is sodium polyacrylate (SPA). Polyacrylates are best utilized in soft water with low salinidade to achieve the best dispersão and full chain elongation. Even low concentrations of dureza ions, for example, Ca+2, precipitate polyacrylates. Low molecular-weight polyacrylates are used as argila deflocculants. High molecular weight polymers are used for fluid-loss control and as a argila estendedor. As an estendedor, SPA is added to bentonita at the grinding plant. It is also used at the sonda in low-solids lama. Divalent cations can negate its benefits as a argila estendedor. SPA is highly efficient when used to flocculate colloids in native-solids muds, clear-water muds and wastewater cleanup. The polímero chain links together colloidal solids that can be removed by gravity settling in shallow pits or by applying hidrociclone, centrífuga or filtração techniques.
1054acrylamide polímero, acrylamide-acrylate polímero, anion, calcium contamination, clear-water perfuração, deflocculant, deflocculated lama, floculante, dureza ião (Port.), low-solids, nondispersed lama, native-solids lama, PHPA lama, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonato, sodium polyacrylate, soft water, water clarification
1055polyacrylate
1056None
1057--
1058zona alterada
10591.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1060A near-wellbore formação zone, a few inches thick, whose velocidade acústica has been affected by impregnation with perfuração fluids, tensão relevo, or both. The velocidade acústica of the rocha in the immediate vicinity of the poço de petróleo wall can be much slower than that in the virgin formação. To measure the formação velocity, it may be necessary to use a sonic ferramenta de perfilagem that has a greater spacing between transmissor and receiver arranjo (about 10 to 15 ft [3 to 4.5 m]) than the padrão sonic tool (about 3 to 5 ft [0.9 to 1.5 m]). The zona alterada may also give rise to different acoustic modes, for example the hybrid mode or a second Stoneley wave.
1061long-spacing perfil sônico
1062None
1063None
1064--
1065archie rocha
10661.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1067A rocha whose petrophysical properties are well described by the Archie equation with constant values for the porosidade exponent and the saturação exponent. Such rocks typically have very little argila, a regular poro structure and high-salinity water. The term often is used to describe a rocha that is petrophysically simple.
1068formação factor, água de formação, índice de resistividade, water saturação
1069None
1070None
1071--
1072lateroperfil azimutal
10731.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1074A type of eletrodo device that is able to measure resistividade in different directions around the sonde. In most laterologs, the electrodes are cylinders that average the resistividade azimuthally around the sonde. In azimutal laterologs, the eletrodo is segmented radially in several portions, each of which responds to the resistividade in the direction it is facing.
1075button resistividade, eletrodo resistividade
1076None
1077None
1078--
1079perfil ativado
10801.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1081A perfil of elemental concentrations derived from the characteristic energy levels of gamma rays emitted by a nucleus that has been activated by neutron bombardment. The perfil carbono-oxigênio, elemental captura spectroscopy perfil, pulsed neutron spectroscopy perfil, diagrafia de ativação de alumínio (Port.) and oxygen perfil ativado are all examples of ativação logs. However, the term is most commonly used to refer to the aluminum and oxygen ativação logs, the latter also being known as a water-flow perfil.
1082geochemical perfil, induced gamma raio spectroscopy, oxygen ativação
1083None
1084None
1085--
1086temperatura ambiente
10871.n. [Well Completions]
1088The temperature at a point or area expressed as an average of the surrounding areas or materials. Ambient surface temperature is generally given to be 70 to 80oF [21 to 27oC]-an average of daily and seasonal variations.
1089None
1090None
1091None
1092--
1093arithmetic mean
10941.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
1095A mathematical method of finding a central value for a group of data. It is most often referred to as the average but also as the mean. The arithmetic mean is the sum of all the observed values divided by the number of observations.
1096None
1097mean
1098None
1099--
1100resolução azimutal
11011.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1102An angle that characterizes the ability of an azimutal perfilagem medição to resolve changes in different directions around the tool; alternatively, the smallest angle for which a significant change can be detected.
1103None
1104None
1105None
1106--
1107back escoamento
11081.n. [Well Testing]
1109Fluid escoamento in the poço de petróleo from one zone into another in response to pressão differences between the zones. Any time the parede do poço pressão rises above the average pressão in any zone, refluxo will occur. Analysis of buildup tests involving refluxo is either impossible or extremely difficult and usually requires expert input to determine useful information from such tests.
1110buildup test, crossflow
1111refluxo
1112None
1113--
1114basement
11151.n. [Geology]
1116The rocha camada below which economic reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos are not expected to be found, sometimes called embasamento econômico. Basement is usually older, deformed igneous or metamorphic rocks, which seldom develops the porosidade and permeabilidade necessary to serve as a reservatório de hidrocarbonetos, and below which sedimentary rocks are not common. Basement rocks typically have different densidade, velocidade acústica, and magnetic properties from overlying rocks.
1117acoustic basement, cratão (Port.), escala de tempo geológico, igneous, metamorphic, não conformidade, platform, reservatório, unconformity
1118None
1119None
1120--
1121blaine fineness
11221.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1123The tamanho de partícula or fineness of a cimento in cm2/g or m2/kg, usually determined from air permeabilidade tests using a device known as a Blaine permeâmetro. Fineness affects the hidratação rate (setting) and the requirements for the amounts of water, retarder and dispersante.
1124None
1125None
1126None
1127--
1128bottomhole estática temperature
11291.n. [Drilling, Well Completions]
1130The temperature of the undisturbed formação at the final depth in a well. The formação cools during perfuração and most of the cooling dissipates after about 24 hours of estática conditions, although it is theoretically impossible for the temperature to return to undisturbed conditions. This temperature is measured under estática conditions after sufficient time has elapsed to negate any effects from circulating fluids. Tables, charts and computer routines are used to predict BHST as functions of depth, geographic area and various time functions. The BHST is generally higher than the bottomhole temperatura de circulação, and can be an important factor when using temperature-sensitive tools or treatments.
1131profundidade final
1132None
1133BHST
1134--
1135bottomhole estática temperature
11362.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1137The undisturbed temperature at the bottom of a well, abbreviated as BHST. After circulação and after the well is shut in, the temperature approaches the BHST after about 24 to 36 hours, depending on the well conditions. The BHST is the temperature used in most tests in which the pasta de cimento is required to set or is set.
1138None
1139None
1140BHST
1141--
1142back in
11431.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
1144The right to receive a reversionary interest at some future time, upon fulfillment of contractually specified conditions. This clause allows alease-owner, lessee or a nonparticipating partner to reserve the option to participate in a well after it has produced enough to pay the operators expenses of perfuração and completing that well. This clause is typically used infarmoutagreements to convert theoverriding royalty interestof a lease-owner, lessee or nonparticipating partner into aworking interestuponpayoutof the well. When the election to convert the overriding royalty to working interest takes place, it is known as a back-in after payout(BIAPO).
1145None
1146None
1147back-in
1148--
1149basket
11501.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1151A downhole device or tool component designed to catch debris or objects, such as balls, darts or plugs dropped to actuate downhole equipment or tools.
1152None
1153None
1154None
1155--
1156bland testemunhagem fluid
11571.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1158A testemunhagem fluid formulated with components that are not likely to alter the molhabilidade in the pores of the rocha sample and that has low filtração dinâmica characteristics. These qualities help retain the core's native properties and can retain some (or all) of the reservoir's fluids [water, óleo and gás (gas only if kept under pressure)]. Bland water-base fluid is formulated to make the filtrado resemble the Cabeço: água conata in the reservatório. Keeping ionic composition and especially the pH matched to the reservatório water is most important. Thus, strong alcalino agents and argila deflocculants are avoided when designing bland testemunhagem fluids. Bland oil-base fluids should contain no water fase, and the óleo base should resemble the reservatório óleo. (Reservoir cru is used in some cases.) Amine, amide, phosphonated and sulfonated emulsifiers and the powerful oil-wetting agents are also avoided. Fatty ácido soaps are chosen to emulsify the trace of water that is likely to be encountered. Additives that minimize filtração dinâmica rate must be chosen. Setting lama densidade and broca hydraulics to give densidade equivalente de fluido de perfuração close to the pressão de reservatório helps avoid filtrado invasion into the testemunho. Designing testemunho bits to testemunho as fast as possible also limits filtrado invasion ahead of the broca.
1159alkaline, amides, amines, testemunho, testemunhagem fluid, deflocculant, drill-in fluid, emulsionante, filtrado tracer, peso da lama, pH, pressão de reservatório
1160None
1161None
1162--
1163temperatura de fundo
11641.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1165The temperature in the poço de petróleo at profundidade final at the time it is measured. In perfil interpretation, the temperatura de fundo de poço (BHT) is taken as the maximum recorded temperature during a perfilagem run, or preferably the last of series of runs during the same operation. BHT is the temperature used for the interpretation of logs at profundidade final. Farther up the poço de petróleo, the correct temperature is calculated by assuming a certain gradiente de temperatura. The BHT lies between the bottomhole temperatura de circulação (BHCT) and the bottomhole estática temperature (BHST).
1166None
1167None
1168BHT
1169--
1170temperatura de fundo
11712.n. [Well Completions]
1172The downhole temperature measured or calculated at a point of interest. The BHT, without reference to circulating or estática conditions, is typically associated with producing conditions.
1173None
1174None
1175BHT
1176--
1177back off
11781.vb. [Drilling]
1179To unscrew drillstring components downhole. The drillstring, including drillpipe and the bottomhole assembly, are coupled by various threadforms known as connections, or tool joints. Often when a drillstring becomes stuck it is necessary to "back off" the coluna as deep as possible to recover as much of the coluna as possible. To facilitate the pescaria or recovery operation, the backoff is usually accomplished by applying reverse torque and detonating an explosive carga inside a selected threaded connection. The force of the explosion enlarges the female (outer) rosca enough that the threaded connection unscrews instantly. A torqueless backoff may be performed as well. In that case, tension is applied, and the threads escorregão by each other without turning when the explosive detonates. Backing off can also occur unintentionally.
1180box, connection, peixe, pin, threadform, conexão do tubo de perfuração
1181break out
1182backoff
1183--
1184basket medidor de vazão
11851.n. [Production Logging]
1186A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid escoamento in a produção or poço injetor in which the escoamento is diverted through the spinner by a set of metal vanes, or petals. The vanes are closed while running in the poço de petróleo, and then opened with the tool stationary at the medição depth. The petals do not selo completely against each other or against the side of the poço de petróleo, so that not all the fluid is diverted. A type of BOP de baixa pressão medidor de vazão, the petal basket design has generally been replaced since the late 1980s by the inflatable BOP de baixa pressão and other designs.
1187in situ, obturador medidor de vazão, spinner medidor de vazão
1188petal basket medidor de vazão
1189None
1190--
1191blast joint
11921.n. [Perforating, Well Completions]
1193A section of heavy walled tubo de produção that is placed across any perforated interval through which the produção tubo de produção must passada, such as may be required in múltipla zone completions. In addition to being heavier than normal completação components, the wall of a blast joint is often treated to resist the jateamento action that may result in the proximity of the perforations.
1194produção tubo de produção
1195None
1196None
1197--
1198bouguer correction
11991.n. [Geophysics]
1200The ajuste de instrumento de medição to a medição of gravitational acceleration to account for elevation and the densidade of rocha between the medição estação and a reference level. It can be expressed mathematically as the product of the densidade of the rocha, the height relative to sea level or another reference, and a constant, in units of mGal:δgB = 2 π G ρ h = 0.4193 ρ hwhereδgB = Bouguer correctionρ = massa específica da rocha in kg/m3h = height difference between two locations in mG = gravitational constant = 6.67384 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2Strictly interpreted, the correção de Bouguer is added to the known value of gravity at the reference estação to predict the value of gravity at the medição level. The difference between the actual value and the predicted value is the gravity anomalia, which results from differences in densidade between the actual Earth and reference model anywhere below the medição estação.
1201Bouguer anomalia, correção da elevação, gravity anomalia
1202None
1203None
1204--
1205back pressão
12061.n. [Well Completions]
1207The pressão within a system caused by fluid fricção or an induced resistance to escoamento through the system. Most process facilities require a minimum system pressão to operate efficiently. The necessary back-pressure is often created and controlled by a valve that is set to operate under the desired varredura of conditions.
1208None
1209None
1210back-pressure
1211--
1212back pressão
12132.n. [Production]
1214Pressure opposing the desired escoamento of a fluid in a tubo. Usually results from obstructions and tight bends in confinement vessels.
1215None
1216None
1217None
1218--
1219misturador de batelada
12201.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1221A vessel and unidade de cimentação used to prepare treatment fluids. A misturador de batelada is generally equipped with a means of adding dry and liquid chemicals, an agitation or circulação system and a manifolde system to deliver the prepared fluid to storage tanks or treating pumps.
1222treatment fluid
1223None
1224None
1225--
1226blast sleeve
12271.n. [Well Completions, Well Workover and Intervention]
1228A sleeve installed in escoamento control equipment to protect sensitive equipment from abrasive fluid escoamento. A blast sleeve is commonly inserted in escoamento crosses where wireline, flexitubo, or fiber-optic cables are being passed through.
1229None
1230None
1231None
1232--
1233bouma sequence
12341.n. [Geology]
1235A characteristic sequence of sedimentary structures occurring in sedimentary rocks deposited in areas of deep water sedimentação by turbidez currents, which form deposits called turbidites. In theory, a complete sequência de Bouma comprises sediments that fine upwards, consisting of a lowermost camada of coarse, chaotic clastic sediments deposited under conditions of high energia de deposição overlain by successively finer grained and better stratified sediments like sands and muds deposited under calmer conditions that are labeled as Units A though E. In practice, however, the chaotic, high-energy nature of turbidito deposição can alter or remove underlying sediments so that incomplete sequences of sediments typically remain preserved.
1236clastic sedimento, energia de deposição, sedimento, corrente de turbidez
1237None
1238None
1239--
1240back válvula de pressão
12411.n. [Well Completions]
1242A type of válvula de pé, typically installed in the suspensor de coluna, to isolate the produção tubo de produção. The back-pressure valve is designed to hold pressão from below yet enable fluids to be pumped from above, as may be required for well-control purposes.
1243None
1244None
1245back-pressure valve
1246--
1247battery
12481.n. [Production Facilities]
1249The installation of similar or identical units of equipment in a group, such as a separador battery, tubulação-cabeça battery, filter battery or tank battery.
1250battery site
1251None
1252None
1253--
1254detonador
12551.n. [Well Completions, Geophysics]
1256A small, electrically activated explosive carga that explodes a larger carga. Detonators, also called caps,seismiccaps or extração por explosão caps, are used for seismicacquisitionwith an explosivesourceto achieve consistent timing of detonation.
1257cap, detonator
1258None
1259None
1260--
1261detonador
12622.n. [Well Completions, Geophysics]
1263A device containing primary high-explosive material that is used to initiate an explosive sequence. The two common types of detonators are electrical detonators (also known as extração por explosão caps) and percussion detonators. Electrical detonators have a fuse material that burns when high voltage is applied to initiate the primaryhigh explosive. Percussion detonators contain abrasive grit and primary high explosive in a sealed container that is activated by a firing pin. The impact force of the firing pin is sufficient to initiate the ballistic sequence that is then transmitted to the cordel detonante. Several safety systems are used in conjunction with detonators to avoid accidental firing duringrig-up or rig-down. Safety systems also are used to disarm the gun or ballistic assembly if downhole conditions are unsafe for firing.
1264None
1265None
1266None
1267--
1268bound fluid
12691.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1270Fluid in the poro space that does not escoamento under normal reservatório conditions. This fluid may include water, óleo or gás, but most often refers just to água aprisionada. Bound fluid does not escoamento on primary or secondary produção, injection or invasion unless the rocha molhabilidade is altered.When used in connection with a ressonância nuclear magnética medição, the term refers to the signal that occurs below a certain atalho, typically 33 ms in sandstones and 100 ms in carbonates. The source of this signal is água aprisionada, but may also include óleo with a viscosidade above about 60 cp in sandstones or 30 cp in carbonates. Note that, contrary to the sense of "bound," this óleo may or may not be moveable under normal reservatório conditions.
1271nuclear magnetic resonance, produção primária, secondary produção
1272None
1273None
1274--
1275back stripping
12761.n. [Geophysics]
1277A modeling technique to assess the geologic history of rocha layers through the use of geologic cross sections or seismic sections. Removal of the youngest layers of rocha at the top of the section allows restoration of the underlying layers to their initial, undisturbed configurations. Successively older layers can be removed sequentially to further assess the effects of compactação, development of geologic structures and other processes on an area.
1278None
1279None
1280back-stripping
1281--
1282bbl or bbl
12831.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1284An abbreviation for oilfield barril, a volume of 42 US gallons [0.16 m3].
1285None
1286None
1287None
1288--
1289blended cru
12901.n. [Heavy Oil]
1291A mixture of cru oils, blended in the conduta (Port.) to create a cru with specific physical properties. Because heavy and extra-heavy crudes or bitumens cannot escoamento from the field to the refinery in their original state and at normal surface temperatures, they are blended with lighter cru oils primarily to reduce viscosidade, thereby enabling transportation to a refinery. A secondary objective may be to provide a blended óleo cru that has significantly higher value than the raw heavy cru. The blend is usually constructed so that the value of the overall blended volume is greater than the summed value of the initial volumes of individual heavy and light crudes.
1292bitumen, óleo pesado, óleo cru leve, raw óleo cru
1293None
1294None
1295--
1296água aprisionada
12971.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1298Water in the poro space that does not escoamento under normal reservatório conditions. Bound water does not escoamento on primary or secondary produção, injection or invasion unless the rocha molhabilidade is altered.When used in connection with a ressonância nuclear magnética medição, the term refers to all the water that is not free to move. This includes capillary-bound water and água adsorvida à argila. However, water in mineral hydrates is not included as it relaxes too fast to be measured by ressonância nuclear magnética (NMR). In practice, água aprisionada is defined as the water signal below a certain atalho, typically 33 ms in sandstones and 100 ms in carbonates.When used in connection with the dual water model, the term refers to the água adsorvida à argila only. In the Hill-Shirley-Klein model, the term is known as the hidratação water.
1299bound fluid, ressonância nuclear magnética, produção primária, secondary produção
1300None
1301None
1302--
1303refluxo
13041.n. [Well Testing]
1305Fluid escoamento in the poço de petróleo from one zone into another in response to pressão differences between the zones. Any time the parede do poço pressão rises above the average pressão in any zone, refluxo will occur. Analysis of buildup tests involving refluxo is either impossible or extremely difficult and usually requires expert input to determine useful information from such tests.
1306buildup test, crossflow
1307None
1308None
1309--
1310bead tracer
13111.n. [Production Logging]
1312A small, radioactive plastic sphere that is insoluble and used to make a tracer-loss medição. The bead is designed to have the same densidade as the fluido de injeção so that it travels with the fluid when it is placed in the escoamento stream of an poço injetor. However, the bead does not enter the formação. It remains on the rocha face in openhole, or within the canhoneado canal in poço revestido, where it can be detected by a gamma raio perfil. A high radioatividade opposite a canhoneado indicates a large number of beads and hence a high injetividade. The technique was used mainly in the 1960s and 1970s.
1313plate out, perfil de produção, radioactive-tracer perfil, tracer medição
1314None
1315None
1316--
1317misturador
13181.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1319The equipment used to prepare the slurries and gels commonly used in stimulation treatments. The misturador should be capable of providing a supply of adequately mixed ingredients at the desired treatment rate. Modern blenders are computer controlled, enabling the escoamento of chemicals and ingredients to be efficiently metered and requiring a relatively small residence volume to achieve bem control over the blend quality and delivery rate.
1320gel, cimento pastoso
1321None
1322None
1323--
1324bound fluid perfil
13251.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1326A type of ressonância nuclear magnética (NMR) perfil that is designed to record properly only the bound fluid. Bound fluid is characterized by a fast tempo de relaxação, typically less than 33 ms in sandstones and 100 ms in carbonato rocks. Therefore, the wait time for a bound fluid perfil can be much shorter than for padrão NMR logs, with the result that perfilagem speeds are much faster.
1327ressonância nuclear magnética medição
1328None
1329None
1330--
1331background gás
13321.n. [Drilling]
1333An average or linha de base measure of gás entrained in circulating lama. This linha de base trend pertains to gás that is liberated downhole while perfuração through a uniform litológico interval at a constant taxa de penetração. The gás is typically obtained from a suction line above the armadilha de gás located immediately montante of the peneira vibratória screens, where the gás evolves out of the lama.Oil-base lama systems tend to produce higher background gás values than do water-base muds. Deviations from the background gás trend likely indicate changes in porosidade or permeabilidade, or changes in perfuração conditions; any of which merits further investigation. A deriva or gradual shift of the background gás trend toward higher values may indicate a slow gás influx into the lama column, which can eventually lead to a influxo indesejado de fluido or erupção. When annotated on lama logs, background gás is usually abbreviated as BGG.
1334contamination gás, entrained gás, aparecimento de gás
1335None
1336BGG
1337--
1338bean estrangulador
13391.n. [Well Completions]
1340A fixed estrangulador used to control the escoamento of fluids, usually mounted on or close to the Christmas tree. A bean estrangulador contains a replaceable insert, or bean, made from hardened steel or similar durable material. The insert is manufactured with a precise diameter poço de petróleo that forms the estrangulador through which all fluids must passada. Choke inserts are available in a complete varredura of sizes, generally identified by estrangulador diameter stated in 64ths of an inch; for example, a "32 bean" is equivalent to a 1/2-in. estrangulador diameter.
1341bean
1342None
1343None
1344--
1345blind box
13461.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1347A simple slickline tool used to dislodge or push tools or equipment down the parede do poço. The blind box is generally of heavy construction and is hardened to reduce damage when jarring is required.
1348poço de petróleo
1349None
1350None
1351--
1352box
13531.n. [Drilling]
1354A female threadform (internally threaded) for tubular goods and drillstring components.
1355back off, break out, revestimento, coluna de revestimento, mousehole, pin
1356None
1357None
1358--
1359box
13602.adj. [Drilling]
1361Relating to the female threadform, as in "box end of the tubo."
1362pin
1363None
1364None
1365--
1366back in
13671.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
1368The right to receive a reversionary interest at some future time, upon fulfillment of contractually specified conditions. This clause allows a lease-owner, lessee or a nonparticipating partner to reserve the option to participate in a well after it has produced enough to pay the operators expenses of perfuração and completing that well. This clause is typically used in farmout agreements to convert the overriding royalty interest of a lease-owner, lessee or nonparticipating partner into a working interest upon payout of the well. When the election to convert the overriding royalty to working interest takes place, it is known as a back-in after payout (BIAPO).
1369None
1370None
1371None
1372--
1373bed
13741.n. [Geology]
1375camada A of sedimento or rocha sedimentar, or estrato. A bed is the smallest stratigraphic unit, generally a centimeter or more in thickness. To be labeled a bed, the estrato must be distinguishable from adjacent beds.
1376bed thickness, competent, dipping bed, laminação, progradação, retrogradação, sedimento, strike, superposition, true stratigraphic thickness, true vertical thickness
1377None
1378None
1379--
1380blind gaveta cisalhante
13811.n. [Well Workover and Intervention, Drilling]
1382Ablowoutpreventer (BOP) closing elemento fitted with hardened tool steel blades designed to corte the drillpipeor tubo de produção when the BOP is closed, and then fully close to provide isolation or sealing of the parede do poço. Ashearram is normally used as a last resort to regainpressurecontrol of a well that is flowing. Once the tubo is corte (or sheared) by the shear rams, it is usually left hanging in the BOP pilha, and kill operations become more difficult. Thejointof drillpipe or tubo de produção is destroyed in the process, but the rest of the stringis unharmed by the operation of shear rams.
1383blind ram, blow out preventer, BOP pilha, kill, shear-seal BOP
1384gaveta cisalhante
1385None
1386--
1387boyles law double cell
13881.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1389A technique for measuring the grain volume of a amostra de testemunho by observing the change in pressão of helium introduced into a chamber containing the sample. The rocha sample is placed in a chamber of known volume. Helium is held in a reference chamber at known volume and pressão, typically 100 to 200 psi [689 to 1379 kPa]. The two chambers are connected, causing the helium to drop in pressão as it fills the sample chamber and the pores in the sample. The only volume not filled is the grain volume and the isolated pores. Neglecting the latter, the grain volume can then be calculated from Boyle's Law using the pressão before and after connecting the chambers and the chamber volumes.
1390Boyle's Law Single Cell, empuxo, plugue de testemunho, saturação de líquidos method, mercury substituição de fluido method, porosímetro, routine análise de testemunho, summation of fluids method
1391None
1392None
1393--
1394backoff
13951.vb. [Drilling]
1396To unscrew drillstring components downhole. The drillstring, including drillpipe and the bottomhole assembly, are coupled by various threadforms known as connections, or tool joints. Often when a drillstring becomes stuck it is necessary to "back off" the coluna as deep as possible to recover as much of the coluna as possible. To facilitate the pescaria or recovery operation, the backoff is usually accomplished by applying reverse torque and detonating an explosive carga inside a selected threaded connection. The force of the explosion enlarges the female (outer) rosca enough that the threaded connection unscrews instantly. A torqueless backoff may be performed as well. In that case, tension is applied, and the threads escorregão by each other without turning when the explosive detonates. Backing off can also occur unintentionally.break out
1397None
1398break out
1399back off
1400--
1401bed wrap
14021.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1403The first camada of flexitubo, slickline or wireline to be wound on the testemunho of a reel drum or bobine (Port.). The bed wrap helps secure the coluna de tubo de produção or slickline to the reel testemunho and provides the foundation upon which subsequent wraps are laid as the drum is filled. A neat and secure bed wrap is necessary for proper spooling that will allow the drum to hold the maximum capacity without damaging the coluna.
1404flexitubo
1405None
1406None
1407--
1408zona cega
14091.n. [Geophysics]
1410camada A or body of rocha that cannot be detected by seismic refraction, typically because its velocity is lower than that of the overlying rocks; also known as a camada oculta.
1411refraction
1412None
1413None
1414--
1415zona cega
14162.n. [Geophysics]
1417A shadow zone, or a zone through which waves do not passada, or cannot be recorded, or in which reflections do not occur.
1418shadow zone
1419None
1420None
1421--
1422boyles law single cell
14231.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1424A technique for measuring the volume poroso of a amostra de testemunho by observing the change in pressão of helium introduced into the poro space. The rocha sample is held in a testemunho holder whose internal walls are elastomers, so that the only void space is the internal volume poroso. With a suitable holder, the sample can be held under a tensão confinante. Helium is held in a reference cell at known volume and pressão, typically 100 to 200 psi [689 to 1379 kPa]. The helium is introduced to the amostra de testemunho, dropping in pressão as it fills the connected poro space. The effective volume poroso is obtained from Boyle's Law using the pressão before and after introduction of helium, and the reference volume.
1425Boyle's Law Double Cell, empuxo, plugue de testemunho, saturação de líquidos method, mercury substituição de fluido method, porosímetro, routine análise de testemunho, summation of fluids method
1426None
1427None
1428--
1429back válvula de pressão
14301.n. [Well Completions]
1431A type of válvula de pé, typically installed in the suspensor de coluna, to isolate the produção tubo de produção. The back-pressure valve is designed to hold pressão from below yet enable fluids to be pumped from above, as may be required for well-control purposes.
1432None
1433None
1434None
1435--
1436bel
14371.n. [Geophysics]
1438The unidade de medição to describe or compare the intensity of acoustic or electrical signal, named for American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847 to 1922). Measurements are typically given in tenths of a bel, or decibels. The logarithm of the ratio of the sound or signal to a padrão provides the decibel medição. Sounds on the order of one decibel are barely audible to humans but can cause pain when on the order of 1012 decibels. The symbol for the unit is B, but dB is the padrão unit.
1439acoustic, decibel, signal
1440None
1441None
1442--
1443blind gaveta cisalhante
14441.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1445A preventor de erupção (BOP) closing elemento fitted with hardened tool steel blades designed to corte the drillpipe or tubo de produção when the BOP is closed, and then fully close to provide isolation or sealing of the parede do poço. A gaveta cisalhante is normally used as a last resort to regain pressão control of a well that is flowing. Once the tubo is corte (or sheared) by the shear rams, it is usually left hanging in the BOP pilha, and kill operations become more difficult. The joint of drillpipe or tubo de produção is destroyed in the process, but the rest of the coluna is unharmed by the operation of shear rams.
1446blind ram, blow out preventer, BOP pilha, kill, shear-seal BOP
1447blind gaveta cisalhante, gaveta cisalhante
1448None
1449--
1450brachistochrone
14511.n. [Geophysics]
1452The fastest route that a seismic raio can travel between two points, generally dictated by Fermat's principle.
1453Fermat's principle, trajetória do tempo mínimo, Snell's law
1454trajetória do tempo mínimo
1455None
1456--
1457backscatter
14581.n. [Geophysics]
1459A reflection phenomenon of energy in which a nonreflective surface, which is a surface that does not reflect energy coherently, randomly scatters energy. No coherent reflected energy can be identified and the energy is scattered in all directions, including back in the direction from which it came. For example, light can be scattered or redistributed by rough, nonreflective surfaces.
1460deconvolution, filter, wave
1461None
1462None
1463--
1464niple sino
14651.n. [Drilling]
1466An enlarged tubo at the top of a coluna de revestimento that serves as a funnel to guide perfuração tools into the top of a well. The niple sino is usually fitted with a side outlet to permit perfuração fluids to escoamento back to the surface lama treating equipment through another inclined tubo called a flowline.
1467circulação system
1468None
1469None
1470--
1471blockage
14721.n. [Production Testing]
1473An obstruction in the conduta (Port.), composed of asphaltenes, hydrates, waxes, scale and areia deposited on the internal wall of the conduta (Port.) forming a barreira to the normal escoamento of fluids. The conditions for blockage formação are mainly encountered in deepwater operations (low temperature and high pressure).
1474hidrato
1475None
1476None
1477--
1478pressão de iniciação de fratura
14791.n. [Well Completions]
1480The pressão at which the rocha matriz of an exposed formação fractures and allows fluid to be injected. The pressão de iniciação de fratura is established before determining reservatório treatment parameters. Hydraulic fracturing operations are conducted above the pressão de iniciação de fratura, while matriz stimulation treatments are performed with the treatment pressão safely below the pressão de iniciação de fratura.
1481None
1482None
1483None
1484--
1485back stripping
14861.n. [Geophysics]
1487A modeling technique to assess the geologic history of rocha layers through the use of geologic cross sections or seismic sections. Removal of the youngest layers of rocha at the top of the section allows restoration of the underlying layers to their initial, undisturbed configurations. Successively older layers can be removed sequentially to further assess the effects of compactação, development of geologic structures and other processes on an area.
1488seção transversal
1489None
1490None
1491--
1492bêntico
14931.adj. [Geology]
1494Pertaining to the meio ambiente and conditions of organisms living at the water bottom, or bentos. Also called bentônico.
1495abyssal, bathyal, littoral, nerítico
1496None
1497None
1498--
1499blow out
15001.n. [Drilling]
1501An uncontrolled escoamento of reservatório fluids into the parede do poço, and sometimes catastrophically to the surface. A erupção may consist of sal water, óleo, gás or a mixture of these. Blowouts occur in all types of exploração and produção operations, not just during operações de perfuração. If reservatório fluids escoamento into another formação and do not escoamento to the surface, the result is called an underground erupção. If the well experiencing a erupção has significant openhole intervals, it is possible that the well will bridge over (or selo itself with rocha fragments from collapsing formations) downhole and intervention efforts will be averted.
1502None
1503None
1504erupção
1505--
1506breaker
15071.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1508A chemical that reduces the viscosidade of a fluid by breaking long-chain molecules into shorter segments. Drilling fluids are commonly emulsified or contain long-chain molecules that have sufficient viscosidade to carry amostras de calha to surface. After the fluido de perfuração has done its job, a breaker may be added to reduce the viscosidade of the fluid by breaking down the long chain molecules into shorter molecules. A tensoativo may be added to an emulsão to reduce its viscosidade.
1509None
1510None
1511None
1512--
1513breaker
15142.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1515A chemical used to reduce the viscosidade of specialized treatment fluids such as gels and foams. Breaking down the fluid viscosidade may be desirable either as part of a treatment, such as allowing escoamento back of the spent treatment fluid, or following a treatment as part of the fluid-disposal process. Depending on the application, a breaker of predictable performance may be incorporated into the treatment fluid for downhole ativação, or be added directly to the returned fluid for immediate effect at surface.
1516gel
1517None
1518None
1519--
1520backup curve
15211.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1522An extra curve on a perfil, designed to appear when the padrão curve goes off track. For example, if the padrão gamma raio curve is presented on a scale of 0 to 200 gAPI units, the backup curve may be scaled from 200 to 400 gAPI units. Alternatively, if the padrão resistividade perfil is presented on a scale of 0 to 50 ohm-m, the backup curve might be presented on a scale of 0 to 500 ohm-m in the same track but be blanked off for readings below 50 ohm-m. The backup curve usually has the same legenda as the padrão curve but a different line weight.
1523track
1524None
1525None
1526--
1527bentonita
15281.n. [Geology]
1529A material composed of argila minerals, predominantly montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.) with minor amounts of other esmectita group minerals, commonly used in lama de perfuração. Bentonite swells considerably when exposed to water, making it ideal for protecting formations from invasion by perfuração fluids. Montmorillonite forms when basic rocks such as volcanic cinza in marine basins are altered.
1530clay, mineral, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), esmectita
1531None
1532None
1533--
1534bentonita
15352.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1536A argila mineral that is composed principally of three-layer clays, such as montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), and widely used as a aditivo de lama for viscosidade and filtração control. Commercial bentonita ores vary widely in amount and quality of the inchamento argila, sodium montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.). Ores of lower quality, those with more calcium-type montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), are treated during grinding by adding one or more of the following: sodium carbonato, long-chain sintético polymers, carboximetilcelulose (CMC), amido or polyphosphates. These help make the final product meet quality specifications. Unfortunately, the additives may not remain effective in "the real lama world" when in use at the sonda due to dureza ions in the water, high temperature, bacterial attack, mechanical shear-degradation and other factors that can render these additives ineffective.
1537cation-exchange capacity, argila estendedor, conventional lama, hectorite, low-solids lama, low-yield argila, native argila, organophilic argila, peptized argila, phosphate sal, prehydrated bentonita, seawater lama, esmectita, esmectita argila, sulfonated polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolímero, vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolímero, water, óleo and solids test
1538None
1539None
1540--
1541blow out preventer
15421.n. [Drilling]
1543A large valve at the top of a well that may be closed if the equipe de perfuração loses control of formação fluids. By closing this valve (usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators), the equipe de perfuração usually regains control of the reservatório, and procedures can then be initiated to increase the lama densidade until it is possible to open the BOP and retain pressão control of the formação. BOPs come in a variety of styles, sizes and pressão ratings. Some can effectively close over an open parede do poço, some are designed to selo around tubular components in the well (drillpipe, revestimento or tubing) and others are fitted with hardened steel cisalhamento surfaces that can actually corte through drillpipe. Since BOPs are critically important to the safety of the crew, the sonda and the parede do poço itself, BOPs are inspected, tested and refurbished at regular intervals determined by a combination of risco assessment, local practice, well type and legal requirements. BOP tests vary from daily function testing on critical wells to monthly or less frequent testing on wells thought to have low probability of well control problems.
1544None
1545None
1546preventor de erupção
1547--
1548bridge
15491.n. [Drilling]
1550The gangplank or stairway connecting a jackup sonda to a plataforma fixa.
1551None
1552None
1553None
1554--
1555bridge
15562.vb. [Drilling]
1557To intentionally or accidentally tampão off poro spaces or fluid paths in a formação rochosa, or to make a restriction in a parede do poço or ânulo. A bridge may be partial or total, and is usually caused by solids (drilled solids, amostras de calha, cavings or junk) becoming lodged together in a narrow spot or geometry change in the parede do poço.
1558blowout, drill solids, dano da formação
1559None
1560None
1561--
1562bridge
15633.n. [Well Completions]
1564A parede do poço obstruction caused by a buildup of material such as scale, parede do poço fill or amostras de calha that can restrict parede do poço access or, in severe cases, eventually close the parede do poço.
1565None
1566None
1567None
1568--
1569backward múltipla contact test
15701.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
1571A laboratory test to determine the envoltória de fases between óleo and enriched gás. The test is conducted by equilibrating an óleo sample several times with fresh samples of gás. Intermediate components are stripped from the gás by múltipla contacts with the óleo. The test also indicates how many contacts are required before the óleo with added intermediate components becomes miscível with the gás. The molar ratios at each contact step are typically designed using PVT simulation software that incorporates the fluid composition from the previous contact.
1572condensing drive, forward multiple-contact test, miscível
1573None
1574None
1575--
1576bgg
15771.n. [Drilling]
1578An average or linha de base measure of gás entrained in circulating lama. This linha de base trend pertains to gás that is liberated downhole while perfuração through a uniform litológico interval at a constant taxa de penetração. The gás is typically obtained from a suction line above the armadilha de gás located immediately montante of the peneira vibratória screens, where the gás evolves out of the lama.Oil-base lama systems tend to produce higher background gás values than do water-base muds. Deviations from the background gás trend likely indicate changes in porosidade or permeabilidade, or changes in perfuração conditions; any of which merits further investigation. A deriva or gradual shift of the background gás trend toward higher values may indicate a slow gás influx into the lama column, which can eventually lead to a influxo indesejado de fluido or erupção. When annotated on lama logs, background gás is usually abbreviated as BGG.
1579None
1580None
1581background gás
1582--
1583blowing the drip
15841.n. [Production Facilities]
1585Opening the valve on a drip to allow gás natural to blow or clear the tubo of all liquids.
1586None
1587None
1588None
1589--
1590salmoura
15911.n. [Geology]
1592Water containing more dissolved inorganic sal than typical seawater.
1593conata water, água de formação, água doce, interstitial water
1594None
1595None
1596--
1597salmoura
15982.n. [Drilling]
1599Saline liquid usually used in completação operations and, increasingly, when penetrating a intervalo de reservatório. Brines are preferred because they have higher densities than água doce but lack solid particles that might damage producible formations. Classes of brines include chloride brines (calcium and sodium), bromides and formates.
1600aquifer, CASAM, producing formação
1601None
1602None
1603--
1604salmoura
16053.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1606A general term that refers to various salts and sal mixtures dissolved in an solução aquosa. Brine can be used more strictly, however, to refer to solutions of sodium chloride. We prefer to use salmoura as a general term. The emulsified cloreto de cálcio [CaCl2] solução (or any other saline phase) in an óleo lama is referred to as "brine" or "brine fase." The oil/brine ratio, abbreviated OBR, is used to compare solids content and salinities of óleo muds. Clear brines are sal solutions that have few or no suspended solids.
1607balanced-activity óleo lama, bromide salmoura, calcium bromide, carbonato de cálcio, cloreto de cálcio, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cesium acetate, drill-in fluid, formate, guar gum, hydrometer, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl amido, PVT, synthetic/brine ratio, undersaturated fluid
1608clear salmoura
1609None
1610--
1611salmoura
16124.n. [Well Completions]
1613A water-based solução of inorganic salts used as a well-control fluid during the completação and restauração phases of well operations. Brines are solids free, containing no particles that might tampão or damage a producing formação. In addition, the salts in salmoura can inhibit undesirable formação reactions such as argila inchamento. Brines are typically formulated and prepared for specific conditions, with a varredura of salts available to achieve densities ranging from 8.4 to over 20 lbm/gal (ppg) [1.0 to 2.4 g/cmo]. Common salts used in the preparation of simple salmoura systems include sodium chloride, cloreto de cálcio and potassium chloride. More complex salmoura systems may contain zinc, bromide or iodine salts. These brines are generally corrosive and costly.
1614producing formação
1615None
1616None
1617--
1618salmoura
16195.n. [Production Facilities]
1620Water containing salts in solução, such as sodium, calcium or bromides. Brine is commonly produced along with óleo. The disposal of oilfield salmoura is usually accomplished by underground injection into salt-water saturada formations or by evaporation in surface pits.
1621None
1622None
1623None
1624--
1625bactericida
16261.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1627An aditivo that kills bacteria. Bactericides are commonly used in water muds containing natural starches and gums that are especially vulnerable to bacterial attack. Bactericide choices are limited and care must be taken to find those that are effective yet approved by governments and by company policy.Bactericides, also called biocides, can be used to control bactéria sulfato-redutora, slime-forming bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria and bacteria that attacks polymers in fratura and recuperação secundária fluids. In polymers, the degradation of the fluid is controlled, thus avoiding the formação of a large biomassa, which could tampão the formação and reduce permeabilidade.
1628anaerobic, bioassay, formaldehyde, guar gum, LC50, paraformaldehyde, polímero, amido, XC polímero
1629preservative
1630biocide
1631--
1632bhct
16331.n. [Drilling]
1634The temperature of the circulating fluid (air, lama, cimento or water) at the bottom of the parede do poço after several hours of circulação. This temperature is lower than the bottomhole estática temperature. Therefore, in extremely harsh environments, a component or fluid that would not ordinarily be suitable under bottomhole estática conditions may be used with great care in circulating conditions. Similarly, a high-temperature well may be cooled down in an attempt to allow perfilagem tools to function. The BHCT is also important in the design of operations to cimento revestimento because the pega time for cimento is temperature-dependent. The BHCT and bottomhole estática temperature (BHST) are important parameters when placing large volumes of temperature-sensitive treatment fluids.
1635None
1636None
1637bottomhole temperatura de circulação
1638--
1639erupção
16401.n. [Drilling]
1641Uncontrolled escoamento of formação fluids from a well. An uncontrolled escoamento of formação fluids from the parede do poço or into lower pressured subsurface zones (underground blowout). Uncontrolled flows cannot be contained using previously installed barriers and require specialized services intervention.A erupção may consist of water, óleo, gás or a mixture of these. Blowouts may occur during all types of well activities and are not limited to operações de perfuração. In some circumstances, it is possible that the well will bridge over, or selo itself with rocha fragments from collapsing formations downhole.
1642abnormal pressão, preventor de erupção, openhole, pressão hunt, turnkey
1643None
1644None
1645--
1646broach
16471.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1648A downhole tool used to repair the internal diameter of the produção tubo de produção where a slight colapso or a dent has occurred. Cutting profiles on a broach removes the tubing-wall material to allow subsequent passage of tools and equipment of a prescribed diameter.
1649None
1650None
1651None
1652--
1653bad poço de petróleo
16541.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1655A poço de petróleo that is not to gauge or is rugose. The term usually refers to the detrimental effect that such a poço de petróleo has on the response of perfilagem measurements, in particular pad tools like the densidade or micro-resistivity. The existence of bad poço de petróleo is usually determined by a perfil de caliper and on various secondary measurements such as delta rho.
1656cave effect, poço espiralado, rugosidade
1657None
1658None
1659--
1660bhp
16611.n. [Drilling]
1662The pressão, usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi), at the bottom of the poço de petróleo. This pressão may be calculated in a estática, fluid-filled parede do poço with the equation:BHP = MW * Depth * 0.052where BHP is the pressão de fundo in pounds per square inch, MW is the peso da lama in pounds per gallon, Depth is the profundidade vertical in feet, and 0.052 is a conversion factor if these units of measure are used. For circulating wellbores, the BHP increases by the amount of fluid fricção in the ânulo. The BHP gradient should exceed the pressão da formação gradient to avoid an influx of formação fluid into the parede do poço.On the other hand, if BHP (including the added fluid fricção pressão of a flowing fluid) is too high, a weak formação may fratura and cause a loss of parede do poço fluids. The loss of fluid to one formação may be followed by the influx of fluid from another formação.
1663None
1664None
1665pressão de fundo
1666--
1667preventor de erupção
16681.n. [Drilling]
1669A large valve at the top of a well that may be closed if the equipe de perfuração loses control of formação fluids. By closing this valve (usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators), the equipe de perfuração usually regains control of the reservatório, and procedures can then be initiated to increase the lama densidade until it is possible to open the BOP and retain pressão control of the formação. BOPs come in a variety of styles, sizes and pressão ratings. Some can effectively close over an open parede do poço, some are designed to selo around tubular components in the well (drillpipe, revestimento or tubing) and others are fitted with hardened steel cisalhamento surfaces that can actually corte through drillpipe. Since BOPs are critically important to the safety of the crew, the sonda and the parede do poço itself, BOPs are inspected, tested and refurbished at regular intervals determined by a combination of risco assessment, local practice, well type and legal requirements. BOP tests vary from daily function testing on critical wells to monthly or less frequent testing on wells thought to have low probability of well control problems.
1670annular preventor de erupção, erupção, BOP pilha, coluna de revestimento, perfuração break, carga no gancho, inside preventor de erupção, linha de matar, lama densidade, niple down, gaveta de tubo, ram preventor de erupção, gaveta cisalhante, revestimento de superfície, underground erupção, wildcat
1671None
1672BOP
1673--
1674brownfield
16751.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
1676An óleo or gás acumulação that has matured to a produção platô or even progressed to a stage of declining produção. Operating companies seek to extend the economic producing life of the field using cost-effective, low-risk technologies. Stimulation or refracturing operations, completing additional zones, and installing elevação artificial equipment are a few technologies commonly applied in brownfields before any perfuração options are attempted.
1677None
1678None
1679None
1680--
1681balanceado activity óleo lama
16821.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1683An oil-base lama in which the activity, or pressão de vapor, of the salmoura fase is balanceado with that of the formations drilled. Although long xisto sections may not have a constant value for pressão de vapor, aw, the óleo lama will adjust osmotically to achieve an "average" aw value. Dynamic (autopilot) balance of lama salinidade and drilled shales is maintained because as water moves into or out of the lama, it also moves out of or into the xisto. As water transfer continues during perfuração, the mud's water fase will be either diluted or concentrated in CaCl2 as needed to match the average aw value of the xisto section and amostras de calha exposed to the lama.Reference:Chenevert ME: "Shale Control With Balanced-Activity Oil-Continuous Muds," Journal of Petroleum Technology 33, no. 11 (November 1970): 1370-1378.
1684None
1685None
1686balanced-activity óleo lama
1687--
1688bhst
16891.n. [Drilling]
1690The temperature of the undisturbed formação at the final depth in a well. The formação cools during perfuração and most of the cooling dissipates after about 24 hours of estática conditions, although it is theoretically impossible for the temperature to return to undisturbed conditions. This temperature is measured under estática conditions after sufficient time has elapsed to negate any effects from circulating fluids. Tables, charts and computer routines are used to predict BHST as functions of depth, geographic area and various time functions. The BHST is generally higher than the bottomhole temperatura de circulação, and can be an important factor when using temperature-sensitive tools or treatments.
1691bottomhole estática temperature
1692None
1693None
1694--
1695blpd
16961.n. [Production Testing]
1697Abbreviation for barrels of liquid per day, usually used in reference to total produção of óleo and water from a well. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons.
1698barril equivalent
1699None
1700barrels of liquid per day
1701--
1702empilhamento de teste
17031.n. [Geophysics]
1704A processed seismic record that contains traces from a ponto médio comum that have been added together but has undergone only cursory análise de velocidade, so the normal-moveout correction is a first attempt. Typically, no estática corrections are made before the empilhamento de teste.
1705processing, correção estática, trace
1706None
1707None
1708--
1709balanceado activity óleo lama
17101.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1711An oil-base lama in which the activity, or pressão de vapor, of the salmoura fase is balanceado with that of the formations drilled. Although long xisto sections may not have a constant value for pressão de vapor, aw, the óleo lama will adjust osmotically to achieve an "average" aw value. Dynamic (autopilot) balance of lama salinidade and drilled shales is maintained because as water moves into or out of the lama, it also moves out of or into the xisto. As water transfer continues during perfuração, the mud's water fase will be either diluted or concentrated in CaCl2 as needed to match the average aw value of the xisto section and amostras de calha exposed to the lama.Reference:Chenevert ME: "Shale Control With Balanced-Activity Oil-Continuous Muds," Journal of Petroleum Technology 33, no. 11 (November 1970): 1370-1378.
1712activity of aquoso solutions, cloreto de cálcio, Chenevert Method, diesel-oil lama, humidity, hygrometer, inhibitive lama, methylglucoside fluido de perfuração, oil-mud emulsionante, osmose, silicato lama
1713None
1714None
1715--
1716big poço de petróleo carga
17171.n. [Perforating]
1718A canhoneio carga designed to create perforations with a large-diameter entrance poço de petróleo. These charges typically are used in controle de produção de areia completions, in which efficient placement of the filtração de zona com cascalho calibrado treatment within the canhoneado tunnel is crucial. Altering the explosive carga design and materials creates a larger diameter entrance poço de petróleo on the canhoneado while reducing the profundidade de penetração. However, gravel-pack treatments generally are applied in high-permeability formations where canhoneado tunnel length is less important. Wells that are to be hydraulically fractured also can benefit from larger perforations since the effective penetração is significantly increased by a high-conductivity fratura.
1719None
1720None
1721big-hole carga
1722--
1723bod
17241.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1725The amount of oxygen consumed by biodegradação processes during a standardized test. The test usually involves degradation of orgânico matter in a discarded waste or an efluente.
1726None
1727None
1728procura bioquímica de oxigênio
1729--
1730bubble count
17311.n. [Production Logging]
1732The frequência with which a local probe detects a change from one type of fluid to another. For example, if water is the fase contínua, the probe will respond digitally each time a bubble of óleo or gás passes it. The average frequência of change is the bubble count rate, or bubble count. In this example, an increasing bubble count means an increasing óleo or gás velocity. Bubble velocity can be calculated from bubble count and bubble size, the latter being estimated from an empirical correlação with water holdup. The depth at which the first bubbles are counted is a sensitive indicador of the lowest hidrocarboneto entry.Since the bubble count is based on local probe measurements, both bubble count and bubble velocity can be presented as images, similar to the holdup image.
1733electric probe, local holdup, optical probe, perfil de produção, velocity image
1734None
1735None
1736--
1737bola catcher
17381.n. [Well Completions]
1739A downhole device or assembly used to catch and retain balls used to actuate ball-operated tools or equipment. Following ativação, some ball-operated tools incorporate a means of ejecting the ativação bola to regain a fullbore escoamento path. In such cases, the bola can be retained in a bola catcher.
1740drop bola
1741None
1742None
1743--
1744big poço de petróleo carga
17451.n. [Perforating]
1746A canhoneio carga designed to create perforations with a large-diameter entrance poço de petróleo. These charges typically are used in controle de produção de areia completions, in which efficient placement of the filtração de zona com cascalho calibrado treatment within the canhoneado tunnel is crucial. Altering the explosive carga design and materials creates a larger diameter entrance poço de petróleo on the canhoneado while reducing the profundidade de penetração. However, gravel-pack treatments generally are applied in high-permeability formations where canhoneado tunnel length is less important. Wells that are to be hydraulically fractured also can benefit from larger perforations since the effective penetração is significantly increased by a high-conductivity fratura.
1747fraturamento hidráulico
1748None
1749big poço de petróleo carga
1750--
1751body válvula de alívio
17521.n. [Production]
1753An optional válvula de alívio installed on bola valves used in liquid service to provide for the relevo of excess body pressão caused by expansão térmica.
1754bola valve, válvula de alívio
1755None
1756None
1757--
1758efeito bolha
17591.n. [Geophysics]
1760Bubble pulses or bubble noise that affect data quality. In marine seismic acquisition, the bolha de gás produced by an canhão de ar oscillates and generates subsequent pulses that cause source-generated noise. Careful use of múltipla air guns can cause destructive interferência of bubble pulses and alleviate the efeito bolha. A gaiola, or a steel enclosure surrounding a fonte sísmica, can be used to dissipate energy and reduce the efeito bolha.
1761cavitação
1762None
1763None
1764--
1765bola BOP de baixa pressão
17661.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1767Small spheres designed to selo perforations that are accepting the most fluid, thereby diverting reservatório treatments to other portions of the target zone. Ball sealers are incorporated into the treatment fluid and pumped with it. The effectiveness of this type of mechanical divergência to keep the balls in place is strongly dependent on the differential pressão across the canhoneado and the geometry of the canhoneado itself.
1768chemical divergência, mechanical divergência
1769None
1770None
1771--
1772bilinear escoamento
17731.n. [Well Testing]
1774A regime de fluxo resulting from combined simultaneous linear escoamento in perpendicular directions. This regime de fluxo is seen most commonly in tests of hydraulically fractured wells and occurs for fratura de condutividade finita where linear escoamento exists both in the fratura and to the fratura plane. This regime de fluxo is recognized as a 1/4 talude in the pressão derivative on the log-log diagnostic plot. Its presence enables determination of the condutividade de fratura.
1775fraturamento hidráulico
1776None
1777None
1778--
1779boltzmann probability distribution
17801.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
1781One of a number of possible distributions that may occur when the results of events are plotted. Boltzmann distributions were originally described from theoretical consideration on the probable interactions of molecules. It has been used in simulation of recozimento and can be used for studying perturbations in geostatistical models.
1782distribution, geostatistical modeling, probability
1783None
1784None
1785--
1786bubble escoamento
17871.n. [Well Completions]
1788A multifásico fluid regime de fluxo characterized by the gás fase being distributed as bubbles through the liquid fase. In a producing parede do poço where the bubbles are uniformly distributed, there is little relative motion between the phases. Where the bubbles congregate and combine to form a less uniform distribution of the gás fase, some escorregamento will occur between the phases with the gás tending to corte through the liquid fase.
1789escoamento regime, slip
1790None
1791None
1792--
1793bubble escoamento
17942.n. [Production Logging]
1795A escoamento multifásico regime in pipes in which one fluid moves as small dispersed bubbles through a continuous fluid. The relative velocity of the bubbles depends mainly on the difference in densidade between the two fluids. Bubble escoamento normally occurs at low vazão and low holdup of the bubbly fluid. As the velocity of the continuous fluid increases, the bubbles are dispersed into smaller, more widely separated bubbles. This is known as a dispersed or finely escoamento bolhas dispersas, or sometimes dispersed escoamento.
1796escoamento structure, escoamento-tampão, escoamento em golfadas
1797escoamento bolhas dispersas
1798None
1799--
1800bola dropper
18011.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1802The device used to inject bola sealers into the treatment fluid as it is pumped through the surface treating lines.
1803None
1804None
1805None
1806--
1807bimetallic corrosão
18081.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
1809A type of corrosão in which two different metals are placed in contact in a corrosive meio ambiente. A small electric current flows from one piece of metal to the other, accelerating the taxa de corrosão of the more reactive of the two metals. Bimetallic corrosão is sometimes found when new tubo is added to old pipelines. The old conduta (Port.) covered by oxide and rust is cathodic to the new tubo, thus accelerating the taxa de corrosão in the new tubo. Another type of bimetallic corrosão is ringworm corrosão.
1810corrosão control
1811None
1812None
1813--
1814bond perfil
18151.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1816A perfil that uses the variations inamplitudeof anacousticsignaltraveling down thecasingwall between a transmissor and receiverto determine the quality ofcementbond on the exterior revestimento wall.
1817diagrafia de cimento (Port.)
1818None
1819None
1820--
1821ponto de bolha
18221.n. [Well Testing, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
1823The pressão and temperature conditions at which the first bubble of gás comes out of solução in óleo. At descoberta, all petróleo reservatório oils contain some gás natural in solução. Often the óleo is saturada with gás when discovered, meaning that the óleo is holding all the gás it can at the reservatório temperature and pressão, and that it is at its bubblepoint. Occasionally, the óleo will be undersaturated. In this case, as the pressão is lowered, the pressão at which the first gás begins to evolve from the óleo is defined as the bubblepoint.
1824None
1825None
1826bubblepoint
1827--
1828bola launcher
18291.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1830The device used to inject bola sealers into the treatment fluid as it is pumped through the surface treating lines.
1831None
1832None
1833bola dropper
1834--
1835bimetallism
18361.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1837The electromagnetic force created by two different metals in contact with each other. If two such metals are in contact in a ferramenta de perfilagem, and also communicate along a conductive poço de petróleo, then a potential drop is generated in the poço de petróleo. This potential drop will appear on the potencial espontâneo (SP) perfil, where it can be confused with the electrochemical potential. Since the magnitude of the drop depends on the formação resistividade, the effect of bimetallism is often seen as a resistividade perfil superimposed on the normal SP. Under usual circumstances, the effect of bimetallism on the SP is small, and care is taken to avoid it.
1838xisto linha de base, estática potencial espontâneo
1839None
1840None
1841--
1842bond number
18431.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
1844A dimensionless group used in analysis of fluid escoamento that characterizes the ratio of gravitational forces to surface or tensão interfacial forces. It is usually denoted Nb in the campo de petróleo and Bo in chemical engenharia consultiva. A value of Nb <<1 implies the escoamento in question is only weakly dependent on gravitational forces, whereas Nb >>1 implies gravitational forces dominate over interfacial forces.Bond number equation:Nb = Bo = (Δρ g b2) / σ,whereNb = Bo = Bond numberΔρ = densidade difference between the two phasesg = acceleration due to gravityb = a characteristic length scale of the escoamento geometryσ = surface or tensão interfacial.
1845None
1846Eötvös number
1847None
1848--
1849bubblepoint
18501.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery, Well Testing]
1851The pressão and temperature conditions at which the first bubble of gás comes out of solução in óleo. At descoberta, all petróleo reservatório oils contain some gás natural in solução. Often the óleo is saturada with gás when discovered, meaning that the óleo is holding all the gás it can at the reservatório temperature and pressão, and that it is at its bubblepoint. Occasionally, the óleo will be undersaturated. In this case, as the pressão is lowered, the pressão at which the first gás begins to evolve from the óleo is defined as the bubblepoint.
1852pressão de reservatório
1853None
1854ponto de bolha
1855--
1856bola operated
18571.adj. [Well Completions]
1858Describing a mechanism or system that is actuated by a bola that is dropped or pumped through the coluna de tubo de produção. Once located on a assentamento seat, the tool mechanism is generally actuated by hydraulic pressão.
1859None
1860None
1861ball-operated
1862--
1863cela
18641.n. [Geophysics]
1865A subdivision of a seismic foto. The area of a levantamento 3D is divided into bins, which are commonly on the order of 25 m [82 ft] long and 25 m wide; traces are assigned to specific bins according to the midpoint between the source and the receiver, reflection point or conversion point. Bins are commonly assigned according to ponto médio comum (CMP), but more sophisticated processamento sísmico allows for other types of distribuição por celas. Traces within a cela are stacked to generate the output trace for that cela. Data quality depends in part on the number of traces per cela, or the fold.
1866fold, pilha, three-dimensional dado sísmico, trace
1867None
1868None
1869--
1870cela
18712.vb. [Geophysics]
1872To sort dado sísmico into small areas according to the midpoint between the source and the receiver, reflection point or conversion point prior to empilhamento.
1873pilha
1874None
1875None
1876--
1877boolean simulation
18781.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
1879The development of a reservatório model by the use of objects. Reservoir models may be developed by adding together a series of objects (such as canal belts) in a fashion that honors the well data (logs, cores, etc.) and satisfies all the geostatistical requirements of the model. Such models may be used to simulate the behavior of the fluids in a reservatório.
1880core, geostatistics, perfil, modelagem de reservatório
1881None
1882None
1883--
1884bucking coil
18851.n. [Formation Evaluation]
1886A coil in an induction ferramenta de perfilagem designed to buck out, or reduce, the direct luva between transmissor and receiver coils. The direct luva signal is far larger than the formação signal. The bucking coil is wound with the opposite polaridade to the main receiver coil, and placed in series with it at a location that minimizes the direct luva. The combination of transmissor, main receiver and bucking coils is known as a mutually balanceado arranjo.
18876FF40, indução em arranjo
1888None
1889None
1890--
1891bola out
18921.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1893A condition that may occur during bola divergência treatments in which all open perforations capable of receiving fluid are sealed. Ballout is signified by a rapid increase in treating pressão. Maintaining the treatment pressão may result in the breakdown and subsequent treatment of plugged perforations. If no further injection is possible, the pressão must be released to unseat the bola sealers, at which time the treatment will be terminated.
1894None
1895None
1896None
1897--
1898bingham plastic model
18991.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1900A two-parameter modelo reológico widely used in the perfuração fluids industry to describe escoamento characteristics of many types of muds. It can be described mathematically as follows:τ = YP + PV(γ),whereτ = shear stressγ = shear rateYP = yield pointPV = viscosidade plástica.Fluids obeying this model are called Bingham plastic fluids and exhibit a linear shear-stress, shear-rate behavior after an initial tensão cisalhante limiar has been reached. Plastic viscosidade (PV) is the talude of the line and yield point (YP) is the limiar tensão. PV should be as low as possible for fast perfuração and is best achieved by minimizing colloidal solids. YP must be high enough to carry amostras de calha out of the poço de petróleo, but not so large as to create excessive pressão da bomba when starting lama escoamento. YP is adjusted by judicious choices of lama treatments. The direct-indicating reômetro rotacional was specifically designed to apply the Bingham plastic fluid model.
1901apparent viscosidade, clay-water interaction, deflocculant, direct-indicating viscosímetro, Herschel-Bulkley fluid, non-Newtonian fluid, plastic fluid, power-law fluid, pseudoplastic, rheological property, V-G meter, viscosidade
1902None
1903None
1904--
1905cartucho-escorva
19061.n. [Perforating]
1907A small metal tube containing secondary high explosive that is crimped onto the end of the cordel detonante. This explosive component is designed to provide reliable detonation transfer between canhoneio guns or other explosive devices, and often serves as an auxiliary explosive carga to ensure detonation.
1908canhoneio gun
1909None
1910None
1911--
1912buffalo cabeceio
19131.n. [Shale Gas, Well Completions, Well Workover and Intervention]
1914A escoamento cross installed on top of a frac tree where treating iron is connected and treatment fluid enters the frac tree.
1915None
1916None
1917frac cabeceio, goat cabeceio
1918--
1919bola sealers
19201.n. [Well Workover and Intervention, Well Completions]
1921Small spheres designed to selo perforations that are accepting the most fluid, thereby diverting reservatório treatments to other portions of the target zone. Ball sealers are incorporated into the treatment fluid and pumped with it. The effectiveness of this type of mechanical divergência to keep the balls in place is strongly dependent on the differential pressão across the canhoneado and the geometry of the canhoneado itself.
1922chemical divergência, mechanical divergência
1923None
1924None
1925--
1926bioaccumulation
19271.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1928The concentration of a particular substance in a living organism, possibly with harmful effects. The likelihood of this occurring is expressed as the bioaccumulation potential and can be estimated by the octanol/water partition coefficient, expressed as logPOW. This test is commonly required on fluido de perfuração additives in the North Sea area and other countries following the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR) regulations. Values of logPOW below 3 indicate no bioaccumulation tendency; values between 3 and 6 indicate that bioaccumulation is possible, providing the substance is small enough to passada through the cell wall (mol. wt. < 600). This may be confirmed by a bioconcentration test in which a population of animals is exposed to the product.
1929OSPAR
1930bioconcentration
1931None
1932--
1933bop
19341.n. [Drilling]
1935A large valve at the top of a well that may be closed if the equipe de perfuração loses control of formação fluids. By closing this valve (usually operated remotely via hydraulic actuators), the equipe de perfuração usually regains control of the reservatório, and procedures can then be initiated to increase the lama densidade until it is possible to open the BOP and retain pressão control of the formação. BOPs come in a variety of styles, sizes and pressão ratings. Some can effectively close over an open parede do poço, some are designed to selo around tubular components in the well (drillpipe, revestimento or tubing) and others are fitted with hardened steel cisalhamento surfaces that can actually corte through drillpipe. Since BOPs are critically important to the safety of the crew, the sonda and the parede do poço itself, BOPs are inspected, tested and refurbished at regular intervals determined by a combination of risco assessment, local practice, well type and legal requirements. BOP tests vary from daily function testing on critical wells to monthly or less frequent testing on wells thought to have low probability of well control problems.
1936linha de estrangulamento
1937None
1938preventor de erupção
1939--
1940buffer
19411.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1942A chemical system that resists a change in pH. It comprises three components: water, weak ácido (or weak base) and sal of the weak ácido (or sal of weak base). In a buffered system, the concentration of H+ and OH- ions remain relatively constant because they are in equilibrium with one or more of the other two components, even with the addition of acids or bases.
1943buffer solução, buffered lama, hydrolysis, pH test, phosphate sal, total dureza test
1944None
1945None
1946--
1947buffer
19482.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
1949A chemical used to adjust and control the pH of stimulation fluids. Gels and complex polímero fluids are sensitive to pH changes, especially during the mixing fase when the dispersão and hidratação of some polymers require specific pH conditions. In addition, the performance of crosslinked fluids is optimized over a relatively narrow pH varredura. Buffers, added to the aquoso fase before mixing, adjust the base-fluid pH to achieve a stable treatment fluid with the desired characteristics and predictable performance.
1950gel
1951None
1952None
1953--
1954Válvula esfera
19551.n. [Production]
1956A valve using a spherical closure elemento (ball) which is rotated through 90° to open and close the valve.
1957None
1958None
1959None
1960--
1961bioassay
19621.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1963A laboratory test or other assessment utilizing a living organism, such as mysid shrimp, to determine the effect of a condition to which the organism is exposed. Such tests are performed under controlled condições ambientais and duration. Bioassay tests of perfuração fluids are required by governmental agencies throughout the world prior to descarga of lama or amostras de calha. The organisms used in bioassays are those found in the area that would be most affected by contact with the proposed fluido de perfuração. The dosage of interest is typically the lethal concentration, known as LC50, that will kill 50% of the population of organisms in a given período of time. Chronic bioassay tests indicate sublethal effects, such as changes in growth or reproduction of the organism over a longer período of time.
1964bactericide, emulsão lama, EPA, LC50, Minerals Management Service, NPDES, potassium lama
1965None
1966None
1967--
1968bop pilha
19691.n. [Drilling]
1970A set of two or more BOPs used to ensure pressão control of a well. A typical pilha might consist of one to six ram-type preventers and, optionally, one or two annular-type preventers. A typical pilha configuration has the ram preventers on the bottom and the annular preventers at the top. The configuration of the pilha preventers is optimized to provide maximum pressão integridade, safety and flexibility in the evento of a well control incident. For example, in a múltipla ram configuration, one set of rams might be fitted to close on 5-in. diameter drillpipe, another set configured for 4 1/2-in. drillpipe, a third fitted with blind rams to close on the openhole and a fourth fitted with a gaveta cisalhante that can corte and hang-off the drillpipe as a last resort. It is common to have an annular preventer or two on the top of the pilha since annulars can be closed over a wide varredura of tubular sizes and the openhole, but are typically not rated for pressures as high as ram preventers. The BOP pilha also includes various spools, adapters and piping outlets to permit the circulação of parede do poço fluids under pressão in the evento of a well control incident.
1971annular preventor de erupção, gaveta cega, preventor de erupção, casinghead, cellar, riser de perfuração, posicionamento dinâmico, linha de matar, niple up, ram preventor de erupção, ram preventer, shut-in pressão de fundo, shut-in pressão, Texas convés
1972None
1973None
1974--
1975buggy vibro
19761.n. [Geophysics]
1977A vibrador truck equipped with wide tires to allow access to rugged or soggy terrain while causing less damage to the meio ambiente.
1978None
1979None
1980None
1981--
1982bola operated
19831.adj. [Well Completions]
1984Describing a mechanism or system that is actuated by a bola that is dropped or pumped through the coluna de tubo de produção. Once located on a assentamento seat, the tool mechanism is generally actuated by hydraulic pressão.
1985drop bola
1986None
1987None
1988--
1989procura bioquímica de oxigênio
19901.n. [Drilling Fluids]
1991The amount of oxygen consumed by biodegradação processes during a standardized test. The test usually involves degradation of orgânico matter in a discarded waste or an efluente.
1992procura química de oxigênio
1993None
1994BOD
1995--
1996bopd
19971.n. [Production Testing]
1998Abbreviation for barrels of óleo per day, a common unidade de medição for volume of óleo cru. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons.
1999None
2000None
2001barrels of óleo per day
2002--
2003buildup test
20041.n. [Well Testing]
2005The medição and analysis of (usually) pressão de fundo data acquired after a producing well is shut in. Buildup tests are the preferred means to determine well capacidade de fluxo, permeabilidade thickness, skin effect and other information. Soon after a well is shut in, the fluid in the parede do poço usually reaches a somewhat quiescent state in which pressão de fundo rises smoothly and is easily measured. This allows interpretable test results.
2006diferencial de pressão entre reservatório e poço test
2007None
2008None
2009--
2010ballout
20111.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2012A condition that may occur during bola divergência treatments in which all open perforations capable of receiving fluid are sealed. Ballout is signified by a rapid increase in treating pressão. Maintaining the treatment pressão may result in the breakdown and subsequent treatment of plugged perforations. If no further injection is possible, the pressão must be released to unseat the bola sealers, at which time the treatment will be terminated.
2013None
2014None
2015None
2016--
2017biocide
20181.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2019An aditivo that kills bacteria. Bactericides are commonly used in water muds containing natural starches and gums that are especially vulnerable to bacterial attack. Bactericide choices are limited and care must be taken to find those that are effective yet approved by governments and by company policy.Bactericides, also called biocides, can be used to control bactéria sulfato-redutora, slime-forming bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria and bacteria that attacks polymers in fratura and recuperação secundária fluids. In polymers, the degradation of the fluid is controlled, thus avoiding the formação of a large biomassa, which could tampão the formação and reduce permeabilidade.
2020anaerobic, bactericida, formaldehyde, preservative
2021None
2022None
2023--
2024poço de petróleo
20251.n. [Drilling]
2026The parede do poço itself, including the openhole or uncased portion of the well. Borehole may refer to the diâmetro interno of the parede do poço wall, the rocha face that bounds the drilled poço de petróleo.
2027inside diameter, openhole
2028parede do poço
2029None
2030--
2031bulk relaxação
20321.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2033In a ressonância nuclear magnética medição, the loss of coherent energy by hidrogênio atoms as they interact with each other in bulk fluids. Bulk relaxação in fluids is caused primarily by fluctuating local magnetic fields arising from the random tumbling motion of neighboring molecules. Local field fluctuations may be high, but the fast movement of molecules tends to average these out. Thus the bulk relaxação depends strongly on the rate of movement and is affected by temperature and viscosidade.In water-wet rocks, hydrocarbons do not touch the poro walls and are not affected by surface relaxação. Thus the T1 and T2 of hydrocarbons are the result only of bulk and relaxação por difusão. This is an important feature of NMR perfilagem. Based on this feature, direct hydrocarbon-typing techniques have been developed for the detection and characterization of hydrocarbons.
2034longitudinal relaxação, ressonância nuclear magnética, tempo de relaxação, transverse relaxação
2035None
2036None
2037--
2038banco firing
20391.n. [Perforating]
2040A technique in which several canhoneio guns are run on a single manobra into the well, and then all are fired simultaneously.
2041canhoneio gun, selective firing
2042None
2043None
2044--
2045bioconcentration
20461.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2047The concentration of a particular substance in a living organism, possibly with harmful effects. The likelihood of this occurring is expressed as the bioaccumulation potential and can be estimated by the octanol/water partition coefficient, expressed as logPOW. This test is commonly required on fluido de perfuração additives in the North Sea area and other countries following the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR) regulations. Values of logPOW below 3 indicate no bioaccumulation tendency; values between 3 and 6 indicate that bioaccumulation is possible, providing the substance is small enough to passada through the cell wall (mol. wt. < 600). This may be confirmed by a bioconcentration test in which a population of animals is exposed to the product.
2048OSPAR
2049bioaccumulation
2050None
2051--
2052poço de petróleo compensation
20531.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2054An upgoing and downgoing arrangement of transducers in a ferramenta de perfilagem, largely to distância spurious changes in reading caused by variations in poço de petróleo size or sonde tilt. The technique is used for measurements that rely on the propagation of a wave, such as sonic, propagation resistividade and medida de propagação eletromagnética.Propagation logs rely on measuring the difference in properties of a wave at two receivers. The poço de petróleo influences this difference if the tool is tilted or if there is a cave opposite one of the receivers. The effect can be compensated for by using two transmitters that radiate sequentially in opposite directions. In ideal conditions, the effect of a tilt or a cave is exactly opposite for the two transmitters, so that an average gives the correct result. Borehole compensation is different from poço de petróleo correction.
2055atenuação resistividade, dielectric resistividade, ferramenta de perfilagem, phase-shift resistividade, propagation resistividade medição
2056None
2057None
2058--
2059bullhead
20601.vb. [Drilling]
2061To forcibly bomba fluids into a formação, usually formação fluids that have entered the parede do poço during a well control evento. Though bullheading is intrinsically risky, it is performed if the formação fluids are suspected to contain sulfito de hidrogênio gás to prevent the toxic gás from reaching the surface. Bullheading is also performed if normal circulação cannot occur, such as after a poço de petróleo colapso. The primary risco in bullheading is that the equipe de perfuração has no control over where the fluid goes and the fluid being pumped downhole usually enters the weakest formação. In addition, if only shallow revestimento is cemented in the well, the bullheading operation can cause parede do poço fluids to broach around the revestimento shoe and reach the surface. This broaching to the surface has the effect of fluidizing and destabilizing the solo (or the subsea floor), and can lead to the formação of a cratera and loss of equipment and life.
2062revestimento shoe, formação fluid, perda de retorno do fluido
2063None
2064None
2065--
2066completação sem revestimento
20671.n. [Well Completions]
2068A completação de poços that has no revestimento or revestimento tipo liner set across the reservatório formação, allowing the produced fluids to escoamento directly into the parede do poço. This type of completação suffers the major disadvantage that the sandface is unsupported and may colapso. Also, without any revestimento or revestimento tipo liner installed, selective treatments or remedial work within the reservatório section are more difficult.
2069None
2070openhole completação
2071None
2072--
2073biodegradação
20741.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2075The process by which complex molecules are broken down by micro-organisms to produce simpler compounds. Biodegradation can be either aeróbio (with oxygen) or anaeróbio (without oxygen). The potential for biodegradação is commonly measured on drilling-fluid products to ensure that they do not persist in the meio ambiente. A variety of tests exist to assess biodegradação.
2076None
2077None
2078None
2079--
2080biodegradação
20812.n. [Heavy Oil]
2082The breakdown of medium-weight óleo cru by microbial organisms into heavy and light components. When the light components, typically metano, escape to the surface, the heavy ends are left behind. Biodegradation gradually raises óleo viscosidade, reduces densidade API, increases asfalteno content and increases concentration of certain metals and sulfur.
2083None
2084None
2085None
2086--
2087poço de petróleo correction
20881.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2089The amount by which a perfil medição must be adjusted in order to remove the contribution of the poço de petróleo. Although most perfil measurements are designed to pick up a minimum of signal from the poço de petróleo, some contribution usually remains. This contribution may be removed by software or by manual entry into correction charts. In resistividade perfilagem, the correction replaces the poço de petróleo with a resistividade equal to that of the formação. In nuclear perfilagem, the correction adjusts the reading to that which would be found in a padrão condition, such as an 8-in. [20-cm] poço de petróleo filled with água doce.
2090poço de petróleo compensation, efeito de caverna, standoff
2091None
2092None
2093--
2094empuxo
20951.n. [Well Completions]
2096The upward force acting on an object placed in a fluid. The empuxo force is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object. Buoyancy can have significant effects over a wide varredura of completação and restauração activities, especially in cases in which the parede do poço and coluna de tubo de produção contain liquid and gás. Any change in the relative volumes or fluid levels will change the empuxo forces.
2097None
2098None
2099None
2100--
2101barita
21021.n. [Geology]
2103[BaSO4]A dense sulfate mineral that can occur in a variety of rocks, including calcário and arenito, with a varredura of accessory minerals, such as quartz, sílex, dolomito, calcita, siderite and metal sulfides. Barite is commonly used to add weight to fluido de perfuração. Barite is of significance to petrophysicists because excess barita can require a fator de correção in some well perfil measurements.
2104None
2105None
2106baryte
2107--
2108barita
21092.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2110A dense mineral comprising sulfato de bário [BaSO4]. Commonly used as a adensante for all types of perfuração fluids, barites are mined in many areas worldwide and shipped as ore to grinding plants in strategic locations, where API specifies grinding to a tamanho de partícula of 3 to74 microns. Pure sulfato de bário has a densidade relativa of 4.50 g/cm3, but drilling-grade barita is expected to have a densidade relativa of at least 4.20 g/cm3 to meet API specifications. Contaminants in barita, such as cimento, siderite, pyrrhotite, gipsita and anidrita, can cause problems in certain lama systems and should be evaluated in any quality assurance program for drilling-mud additives.
2111abrasão test, atapulgita, cáustico extraction test, conventional lama, greasing out, gunning the pits, heavy metal, high-gravity solids, percussor test, kill-weight fluid, pilot test, settling pit, golfada, unweighted lama, water, óleo and solids test, weighted lama, material de adensamento
2112None
2113None
2114--
2115biot theory
21161.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2117A theory for acoustic propagation in a porous and elastic medium developed by M.A. Biot. Compressional and shear velocities can be calculated by padrão elastic theory from the composite densidade, shear and bulk modulus of the total rocha. The problem is how to determine these from the properties of the constituent parts. Biot showed that the composite properties could be determined from the porosidade and the elastic properties (density and moduli) of the fluid, the solid material, and the empty rocha skeleton, or framework. To account for different frequencies of propagation, it is also necessary to know the frequência, the permeabilidade of the rocha, the viscosidade of the fluid and a coefficient for the inertial arraste between skeleton and fluid.Unlike the Gassmann model, the teoria de Biot takes into account frequência variations, and allows for relative motion between fluid and rocha framework. As a result, it predicts some of the observed changes in velocity with frequência, as well as the critical frequência below which the Gassmann model is valid. It also predicts the existence of a so-called slow wave in addition to the onda cisalhante and the compressional, or fast wave. The slow wave arises when the fluid and the skeleton move 1800 out-of-phase with each other. Its velocity is related to fluid mobilidade, but unfortunately has been observed only in the laboratory, not on logs. At perfilagem frequencies, it degenerates into a difusão phenomenon rather than a wave, and is apparently too highly attenuated to be observed in real rocks. However, in permeable formations, the Stoneley wave couples into the slow wave, causing the atenuação and dispersão that allow the medição of Stoneley permeabilidade.The full teoria de Biot is used mainly to analyze laboratory data. For practical perfil interpretation, it is more common to use the simpler Gassmann model.Reference:See Biot MA: Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Solid: I Low Frequency Range, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 28, (1956):168-178. Biot MA: Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Solid: II Higher Frequency Range,Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 28, (1956): 179-191.
2118perfil sônico
2119None
2120None
2121--
2122poço de petróleo gravity
21231.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
2124Pertaining to the detection of the Earth's gravitational field within a parede do poço. Subtle vertical variations of the Earth's gravity field may be detected over the length of a poço de petróleo. These depend on the variations in the formação densidade not only above and below the sensor, but also laterally away from the poço de petróleo. Thus, poço de petróleo gravity measurements may be used to detect the following phenomena:- sobrecarga pressure- lateral formação densidade changes arising from porosidade changes away from the poço de petróleo (fracture fields, vugs)- lateral proximity to litologia changes, such as major faulting or sal intrusions- time-lapse densidade measurements to monitor fluid saturação changes during the life of a reservatório.In poço de petróleo gravity measurements, highly accurate formação densidade measurements, averaged over a large volume, may be made by comparing changes of gravity between medição stations.
2125poço de petróleo gravity meter
2126None
2127None
2128--
2129burn shoe
21301.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2131A downhole tool routinely used in pescaria operations to prepare the top and outside surface of a peixe, generally to allow an instrumento de pesca (Port.) or similar ferramenta de pescaria to engage cleanly on the peixe. In some cases, the outer portion of a peixe may be milled out to allow the body and remaining debris to be pushed to the bottom of the parede do poço.
2132None
2133mill shoe
2134None
2135--
2136barril equivalent
21371.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2138A volume of 350 cm3. In laboratório de fluido de perfuração experiments, 350 cm3 is the volume chosen to represent 42 US gallons (1 oilfield barrel) [0.159 m3], so that 1.0 gram massa represents 1.0 lbm. This is a convenient concept for lama technicians to use when mixing or pilot-testing lama samples. For example, in preparing a lama formulation or for pilot-testing purposes, adding 1.0 gram to 350 cm3 of fluid is the experimental equivalent of adding 1.0 lbm to 42 US gallons (1.0 bbl) of fluid.
2139lbm/bbl, lama cup, mud-aging cell, pilot test, rolling-aging test, static-aging test
2140None
2141None
2142--
2143broca
21441.n. [Drilling]
2145The tool used to crush or corte rocha. Everything on a sonda de perfuração directly or indirectly assists the broca in crushing or cutting the rocha. The broca is on the bottom of the drillstring and must be changed when it becomes excessively dull or stops making progress. Most bits work by scraping or crushing the rocha, or both, usually as part of a rotational motion. Some bits, known as martelo bits, pound the rocha vertically in much the same fashion as a construction site soquete pneumático.
2146antiwhirl broca, broca breaker, bottomhole assembly, comando de perfuração, jato, make poço de petróleo, broca PDC, broca de cones
2147None
2148None
2149--
2150poço de petróleo dado sísmico
21511.n. [Geophysics]
2152Seismic data measured with receivers, sources or both in a well, such as a check-shot foto, perfil sísmico vertical (VSP), crosswell dado sísmico or single-well imaging. By directly measuring the velocidade acústica of each formação encountered in a well, the well logs and poço de petróleo dado sísmico can be correlated to surface dado sísmico more easily. Borehole dado sísmico, including both S- and P-waves, can be gathered in a cased or openhole. This term is commonly used to distinguish between poço de petróleo sonic data (with frequencies typically greater than 1000 Hz) and poço de petróleo dado sísmico (with frequencies typically less than 1000 Hz).
2153hodogram, perfil, P-wave, quicklook, radial refraction, S-wave
2154None
2155None
2156--
2157butt weld
21581.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2159A soldagem technique used to join two tubes in which the squared and prepared ends are butted together in preparation for soldagem. The resulting circumferential weld has relatively bem strength characteristics but has limitations where the tube is to be plastically deformed or bent, such as occurs on a flexitubo coluna. Consequently, butt welds performed on a flexitubo coluna should be checked carefully using dureza and radiographic testing methods and their locations detailed in the coluna record. The anticipated vida a fadiga in the butt-weld area must also be reduced to compensate for the weakness of the weld.
2160tendenciosidade weld
2161None
2162None
2163--
2164barril bomba
21651.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2166A small bomba with an extended suction duto that is designed to bomba fluid from barrels. Barrel pumps are commonly used to decant liquid additives during the preparation of treatment fluids at the wellsite.
2167treatment fluid
2168None
2169None
2170--
2171chave de broca
21721.n. [Drilling]
2173A container, usually made of steel and fitted with a sturdy travamento, to store brocas de perfuração, especially higher cost PDC and diamond bits. These bits are extremely costly but often small in size, so they are prone to theft.
2174bit, broca de diamante, broca PDC
2175None
2176None
2177--
2178poço de petróleo televiewer
21791.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2180An ultrassônico perfilagem device with a radially mounted rotating transdutor that is used to scan the poço de petróleo wall. The transdutor (in transmit mode) emits a high-frequency pulse that is reflected by the poço de petróleo wall back to the transdutor (in receive mode). In openhole applications, it can be used to measure the poço de petróleo diameter (by measuring the tempo de trânsito between transdutor and poço de petróleo wall) and the amplitude of acoustic signals reflected by the poço de petróleo wall. The transdutor is rotated to produce a seção transversal of the poço de petróleo size and images of the poço de petróleo wall. These are used to identify fractures, breakouts and other poço de petróleo features. In poço revestido, they are used to identify internal corrosão.
2181pulse-echo, ultrassônico medição
2182None
2183None
2184--
2185butterfly carta
21861.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2187A plot representing the effect of invasion on resistividade measurements that have different depths of investigation. The plot assumes a step profile model of invasion and determines true resistividade, flushed zone resistividade and diâmetro de invasão from ratios of deep-, medium- and shallow-resistivity measurements. Strictly speaking, when both resistive and invasão condutiva are plotted, the carta is called a butterfly carta. When only one is plotted it is known as a tornado carta.
2188conductive invasion, profundidade de investigação, resistive invasion
2189None
2190None
2191--
2192barrels of liquid per day
21931.n. [Production Testing]
2194A volume of fluid that refers to the daily total produção of óleo and water from a well. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons, abbreviated BLPD.
2195None
2196None
2197BLPD
2198--
2199broca jato de broca
22001.n. [Drilling]
2201The part of the broca that includes a poço de petróleo or opening for fluido de perfuração to exit. The poço de petróleo is usually small (around 0.25 in. in diameter) and the pressão of the fluid inside the broca is usually high, leading to a high exit velocity through the nozzles that creates a high-velocity jato below the nozzles. This high-velocity jato of fluid cleans both the broca teeth and the bottom of the poço de petróleo. The sizes of the nozzles are usually measured in 1/32-in. increments (although some are recorded in millimeters), are always reported in "thirty-seconds" of size (i.e., fractional denominators are not reduced), and usually varredura from 6/32 to 32/32.
2202circulação system, crossflow, differential pressão, exit velocity, hydraulic cavalo de potência, jato, jato velocity
2203None
2204jato jato de broca
2205--
2206bottomhole estrangulador
22071.n. [Well Completions]
2208A downhole device used to control fluid escoamento under downhole conditions. Downhole chokes are generally removable with slickline intervention and are located in a assentamento niple in the coluna de tubo de produção.
2209choke, niple
2210None
2211None
2212--
2213button resistividade
22141.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2215The resistividade measured by the buttons of a measurements-while-drilling (MWD) toroid device. Typically three buttons, each with a different profundidade de investigação, are mounted on a sleeve attached to the drillstring, and by their nature are azimuthally focused. The medição is similar to a wireline perfil de microrresistividade, except that toroids are used instead of electrodes for transmitting and monitoring. The button resistivities are focused measurements with vertical resolutions and depths of investigation of a few inches. With three button measurements, it is possible to correct for the presence of invasion, assuming a step profile.
2216azimuth, broca resistividade, eletrodo resistividade, ring resistividade
2217None
2218None
2219--
2220barrels of óleo per day
22211.n. [Production Testing]
2222A common unidade de medição for the daily volume of óleo cru produced by a well or from a field. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons, abbreviated BOPD.
2223None
2224None
2225BOPD
2226--
2227broca record
22281.n. [Drilling]
2229A historical record of how a broca performed in a particular parede do poço. The broca record includes such data as the depth the broca was put into the well, the distance the broca drilled, the hours the broca was being used "on bottom" or "rotating", the lama type and weight, the jato de broca sizes, the weight placed on the broca, the rotating speed and hydraulic escoamento information. The data are usually updated daily. When the broca is pulled at the end of its use, the condition of the broca and the reason it was pulled out of the poço de petróleo are also recorded. Bit records are often shared among operators and broca companies and are one of many valuable sources of data from distância wells for well design engineers.
2230poço de correlação
2231None
2232None
2233--
2234bottomhole temperatura de circulação
22351.n. [Drilling]
2236The temperature of the circulating fluid (air, lama, cimento or water) at the bottom of the parede do poço after several hours of circulação. This temperature is lower than the bottomhole estática temperature. Therefore, in extremely harsh environments, a component or fluid that would not ordinarily be suitable under bottomhole estática conditions may be used with great care in circulating conditions. Similarly, a high-temperature well may be cooled down in an attempt to allow perfilagem tools to function. The BHCT is also important in the design of operations to cimento revestimento because the pega time for cimento is temperature-dependent. The BHCT and bottomhole estática temperature (BHST) are important parameters when placing large volumes of temperature-sensitive treatment fluids.
2237cementing, circulate, ferramenta de perfilagem, treatment fluid
2238None
2239BHCT
2240--
2241bottomhole temperatura de circulação
22422.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2243The temperature at the bottom of a well while fluid is being circulated, abbreviated BHCT. This is the temperature used for most tests of pasta de cimento in a liquid state (such as tempo de espessamento and fluid loss). In most cases, the BHCT is lower than the bottomhole estática temperature (BHST), but in some cases, such as in deep water or in the arctic, the BHCT may be higher than the BHST.
2244None
2245None
2246BHCT
2247--
2248bwow
22491.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
2250Describing the amount (in percent) of a material added to a pasta de cimento based on the weight of water used to mix the cimento pastoso. Commonly abbreviated as BWOW, this convention normally is used only for sal [NaCl].
2251None
2252None
2253by weight of water
2254--
2255barrels of water per day
22561.n. [Production Testing]
2257A common unidade de medição for the volume of water produced each day by a well or in a field. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons, abbreviated BWPD.
2258None
2259None
2260BWPD
2261--
2262broca resistividade
22631.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2264The resistividade measured at the broca de perfuração by a measurements-while-drilling (MWD) tool. The broca resistividade medição responds to resistividade changes as the broca penetrates the formação, or when the time after broca is zero. It is thus an early indication of formação change.The medição is similar to a wireline eletrodo device except that toroids are used instead of electrodes. A transmissor toroid induces a low-frequency current in the drillstring, which flows out of the broca and returns farther up the coluna. The magnitude of the current depends on the resistividade near the broca, and is measured by another toroid. The resolução vertical and profundidade de investigação depend on the distances between the toroids and the broca, which, in turn, depend on the type of bottomhole assembly (BHA) used. The profundidade de investigação is sufficient that the effect of the poço de petróleo is normally small.The medição is unfocused and usually not borehole-corrected. Since both broca and drillstring are in physical contact with the formação, it is possible to make the medição in oil-base muds.
2265button resistividade, eletrodo device, geosteering, oil-base lama, ring resistividade
2266None
2267None
2268--
2269bottomhole separador de gás
22701.n. [Production Testing]
2271A perforated tubular attached to the subsurface sucker-rod bomba that controls the entrance of gás. Since it is the only way for formação fluid to enter the bomba, its use increases the efficiency of the subsurface sucker-rod bomba. It also helps to prevent the phenomenon called bloqueio de gás em bombeio mecânico. A âncora de gás is similar to a bottomhole separador de gás.
2272formação fluid, bloqueio de gás em bombeio mecânico, bomba insertável, haste de bombeio
2273âncora de gás
2274None
2275--
2276bwpd
22771.n. [Production Testing]
2278Abbreviation for barrels of water per day, a common unidade de medição for the daily volume of água produzida. The volume of a barril is equivalent to 42 US gallons.
2279None
2280None
2281barrels of water per day
2282--
2283troca de base
22841.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2285The quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral or similar material can accommodate on its negatively charged surface, expressed as milli-ion equivalent per 100 g, or more commonly as milliequivalent (meq) per 100 g. Clays are aluminosilicates in which some of the aluminum and silicon ions have been replaced by elements with different valência, or carga. For example, aluminum (Al+++) may be replaced by iron (Fe++) or magnesium (Mg++), leading to a net negative carga. This carga attracts cations when the argila is immersed in an eletrólito such as salty water and causes an teoria da dupla camada elétrica. The capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.) (CEC) is often expressed in terms of its contribution per unit volume poroso, Qv.In avaliação de formação, it is the contribution of cation-exchange sites to the formação electrical properties that is important. Various techniques are used to measure CEC in the laboratory, such as wet chemistry, múltipla salinidade and membrane potential. Wet chemistry methods, such as titulação condutométrica, usually involve destruction or alteration of the rocha. Although quicker and simpler to perform, they are less representative of electrical properties in situ. The múltipla salinidade and membrane potential methods are more direct measurements of the effect of CEC on formação resistividade and potencial espontâneo.
2286clay-bound water, dual water
2287None
2288Antonyms:cation-exchange capacity
2289--
2290troca de base
22912.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2292Quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral (or similar material) can accommodate on its negative charged surface, expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. CEC of solids in perfuração muds is measured on a whole lama sample by a methylene blue capacity (MBC) test, which is typically performed to specifications established by API. CEC for a lama sample is reported as MBC, methylene blue test (MBT) or bentonita equivalent, lbm/bbl or kg/m3.
2293anion, cátion, equivalent weight, troca iônica, methylene blue dye, mixed-metal hydroxide, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), peptized argila, peptizing agent
2294None
2295None
2296--
2297broca manobra
22981.n. [Drilling]
2299The process of pulling the drillstring out of the parede do poço for the purpose of changing a worn or underperforming broca de perfuração. Upon reaching the surface, the broca is usually inspected and graded on the basis of how worn the teeth are, whether it is still in gauge and whether its components are still intact. On perfuração reports, this manobra may be abbreviated as TFNB (trip for new bit).
2300broca record, tripping tubo
2301None
2302None
2303--
2304bottomhole aquecedor
23051.n. [Production Facilities]
2306A device installed at the bottom of a well to increase the temperature of the fluid coming from the reservatório. Bottomhole heaters are used in low densidade API cru oils to reduce the fluid viscosidade, thus reducing the high fricção forces normally associated with these types of fluids
2307óleo cru
2308None
2309None
2310--
2311by weight of water
23121.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
2313Describing the amount (in percent) of a material added to a pasta de cimento based on the weight of water used to mix the cimento pastoso. Commonly abbreviated as BWOW, this convention normally is used only for sal [NaCl].
2314None
2315None
2316BWOW
2317--
2318base map
23191.n. [Geology]
2320A map on which primary data and interpretations can be plotted. A base map typically includes locations of lease or concessão boundaries, wells, seismic foto points and other cultural data such as buildings and roads, with a geographic reference such as latitude and longitude or Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid information. Geologists use topographic maps as base maps for construction of surface geologic maps. Geophysicists typically use shot point maps, which show the orientations of seismic lines and the specific points at which dado sísmico were acquired, to display interpretations of dado sísmico. In the field, geologists can use a plane table and alidade to construct a base map.
2321alidade, Global Positioning System, plane table, topographic map, Universal Transverse Mercator grid (UTM)
2322None
2323None
2324--
2325betume
23261.n. [Geology]
2327Naturally-occurring, inflammable orgânico matter formed from querogênio in the process of petróleo generation that is soluble in carbono bisulfide. Bitumen includes hydrocarbons such as asfalto and mineral cera. Typically solid or nearly so, brown or black, betume has a distinctive petroliferous odor. Laboratory dissolução with orgânico solvents allows determination of the amount of betume in samples, an assessment of rocha fonte richness.
2328asphalt, generation, geochemistry, hidrocarboneto, querogênio, petróleo, petróleo system, rocha fonte, areia asfáltica
2329None
2330None
2331--
2332betume
23332.n. [Heavy Oil]
2334A designation for a hidrocarboneto fluid with a gravity of 10° API or lower, based upon the classification of the US Department of Energy.
2335None
2336ultra óleo pesado
2337None
2338--
2339betume
23403.n. [Shale Gas]
2341The fração of naturally occurring, inflammable orgânico matter that is extractable from rocha using orgânico solvents. Many petróleo precursors are composed of betume, but most are formed from querogênio in the process of petróleo generation. Bitumen includes hydrocarbons such as asfalto and mineral cera. Typically solid or nearly so, brown or black, betume has a distinctive petroliferous odor. Laboratory dissolução with orgânico solvents allows determination of the amount of betume in samples, an assessment of rocha fonte richness. Burial and heating of querogênio yield betume, then liquid hydrocarbons, and then hidrocarboneto gás. Understanding orgânico content is especially important in xisto reservoirs because the xisto is both the rocha fonte and the reservatório rocha in the petróleo system.
2342None
2343None
2344None
2345--
2346bottomhole injection pressão bhip
23471.n. [Well Completions]
2348The downhole pressão at which a treatment fluid can be injected into a zone of interest. The bottomhole injection pressão is typically calculated by adding the pressão hidrostática of the fluid column to the surface pressão da bomba measured during an injection test.
2349None
2350None
2351None
2352--
2353bypass
23541.vb. [Drilling Fluids]
2355The act of passing the lama around a piece of equipment, such as passing lama returns around the peneira vibratória screens or going around a hidrociclone device. From a mud-engineering viewpoint, this can be a bad practice because it can allow drill solids to degrade and accumulate as fines to the degree that they might cause lama problems.
2356drill solids, químico de fluidos
2357None
2358None
2359--
2360bypass
23612.n. [Production]
2362A system of pipes and valves permitting the divergência of escoamento or pressão around a line valve.
2363None
2364None
2365None
2366--
2367base da camada de intemperismo
23681.n. [Geophysics]
2369The lower boundary of the near-surface, zona de baixa velocidade (ZBV) in which rocks are physically, chemically or biologically broken down, in some cases coincident with a lençol freático. Static corrections to dado sísmico can compensate for the low velocity of the weathered camada in comparison with the higher-velocity strata below.
2370first break, ghost, correção estática, velocity, intemperismo
2371None
2372None
2373--
2374black list
23751.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2376List of products considered unsuitable by the Oslo and Paris Commission (OSPAR) for descarga, including mercury, cadmium and 'persistent oils and hydrocarbons of apetroleumorigin.' OSPAR, formerly known as PARCOM, is a group of experts who advise North Sea countries on environmental policy and legislation. The group has been influential in establishing North Sea legislation on perfuração fluids that has served as the modelfor other operating areas. The Commission has published lists of environmentally acceptable and unacceptable products, referred to as the "green," "grey" and "black" lists.The inclusion of hydrocarbons in the black list has been the driving force behind the reduction of óleo discharges in the North Sea and elsewhere and has serious implications for the use of óleo and sintético fluids.
2377bioaccumulation, gray list, green list, HSE, OSPAR, PARCOM
2378None
2379None
2380--
2381pressão de fundo
23821.n. [Drilling]
2383The pressão, usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi), at the bottom of the poço de petróleo. This pressão may be calculated in a estática, fluid-filled parede do poço with the equation:BHP = MW * Depth * 0.052where BHP is the pressão de fundo in pounds per square inch, MW is the peso da lama in pounds per gallon, Depth is the profundidade vertical in feet, and 0.052 is a conversion factor if these units of measure are used. For circulating wellbores, the BHP increases by the amount of fluid fricção in the ânulo. The BHP gradient should exceed the pressão da formação gradient to avoid an influx of formação fluid into the parede do poço.On the other hand, if BHP (including the added fluid fricção pressão of a flowing fluid) is too high, a weak formação may fratura and cause a loss of parede do poço fluids. The loss of fluid to one formação may be followed by the influx of fluid from another formação.
2384pressão da formação
2385None
2386BHP
2387--
2388pressão de fundo
23892.n. [Well Testing]
2390The pressão measured in a well at or near the depth of the producing formação. For well-test purposes, it is often desirable to refer the pressão to a nível de datum chosen at a reference depth by calculating the pressão that would occur if the pressão medição were made at the nível de datum rather than at the actual depth of the gauge.
2391referência de profundidade
2392None
2393BHP
2394--
2395pressão de fundo
23963.n. [Well Completions]
2397The downhole pressão, measured or calculated at a point of interest, generally the top of the perforated interval.
2398None
2399None
2400BHP
2401--
2402c bomba
24031.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2404A type of bomba commonly used in the handling and mixing of oilfield fluids. The rotary motion of a profiled impulsor in combination with a shaped bomba alojador or volute applies centrifugal force to descarga fluids from the bomba. Centrifugal pumps generally operate most efficiently in high-volume, low-output-pressure conditions. Unlike a positive-displacement bomba, the escoamento from centrifugal pumps can be controlled easily, even allowing escoamento to be completely closed off using valves on the bomba descarga manifolde while the bomba is running. This bomba isknown as a "centrifugal bomba."
2405None
2406None
2407bomba centrífuga
2408--
2409cdp
24101.n. [Geophysics]
2411In multichannel seismic acquisition where beds do not mergulho de camadas geológicas, the common reflection point at depth on a reflector, or the halfway point when a wave travels from a source to a reflector to a receiver. In the case of flat layers, the ponto comum em profundidade is vertically below the ponto médio comum. In the case of dipping beds, there is no ponto comum em profundidade shared by múltipla sources and receivers, so mergulho de camadas geológicas sobretempo processing is necessary to reduce smearing, or inappropriate mixing, of the data.
2412None
2413None
2414ponto comum em profundidade
2415--
2416ponto de névoa
24171.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2418The temperature at which a solução of a tensoativo or glycol starts to form micelles (molecular agglomerates), thus becoming cloudy. This behavior is characteristic of nonionic surfactants, which are often soluble at low temperatures but "cloud out" at some point as the temperature is raised. Glycols demonstrating this behavior are known as "cloud-point glycols" and are used as xisto inhibitors. The ponto de névoa is affected by salinidade, being generally lower in more saline fluids.
2419glycol, inibidor, micela, polyalkalene glycol, tensoativo, thermally activated lama emulsão
2420None
2421None
2422--
2423ponto de névoa
24242.n. [Heavy Oil]
2425The temperature at which cera crystals first start to form in a óleo cru. Wax appearance temperature (WAT) and cera precipitation temperature (WPT) are other synonyms.
2426None
2427None
2428None
2429--
2430conformidade
24311.n. [Geology]
2432A acamamento surface separating younger from older strata, along which there is no evidence of subaéreo or submarine erosão or of nondeposition, and along which there is no evidence of a significant hiatus. Unconformities (sequence boundaries) and inundação surfaces (parasequence boundaries) passada laterally into correlative conformities, or correlative surfaces.
2433inundação surface, unconformity
2434None
2435conforme
2436--
2437cable
24381.n. [Geophysics]
2439A bundle of electrical wires that connects geophones, or the entire carrier system for marine hydrophones, which includes the hydrophones, the electrical wires, the tensão member, spacers, the outer skin of the cable, and the cabo flutuador filler, which is typically kerosene or a buoyant plastic. The cable relays data to the seismic caminhão de gravação or seismic vessel.
2440channel, eel, geofone, cabo do geofone, hidrofone, geofone do ponto de tiro hustler, cabo de fundo do mar, espaçador, cabo flutuador
2441None
2442None
2443--
2444cable
24452.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2446The cable on which wireline perfilagem tools are lowered into the well and through which signals from the measurements are passed. The cable consists of a central section with conductors surrounded by a metal, load-bearing armadura.
2447bridle, cabeceio, ferramenta de perfilagem, torpedo
2448None
2449None
2450--
2451cec
24521.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2453Quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral (or similar material) can accommodate on its negative charged surface, expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. CEC of solids in perfuração muds is measured on a whole lama sample by a methylene blue capacity (MBC) test, which is typically performed to specifications established by API. CEC for a lama sample is reported as MBC, methylene blue test (MBT) or bentonita equivalent, lbm/bbl or kg/m3.
2454None
2455troca de base
2456capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.)
2457--
2458ponto de névoa glycol
24591.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2460A glycol that is soluble at low temperatures but starts to form micelles (molecular agglomerates), thus becoming cloudy, as the temperature is raised. The temperature at which this phenomenon occursthe cloud pointis affected by salinidade, being generally lower in more saline fluids. Cloud point glycols are used as xisto inhibitors. The purported mechanism is that the glycol clouds out at higher downhole temperatures,coatingthe surface of clays and preventinghydration.
2461cloud point, glycol, inibidor, micela, polyalkalene glycol, thermally activated lama emulsão
2462None
2463None
2464--
2465connection gás
24661.n. [Drilling]
2467A brief influx of gás that is introduced into the fluido de perfuração when a tubo connection is made. Before making a connection, the driller stops the lama pumps, thereby allowing gás to enter the parede do poço at depth. Gas may also be drawn into the parede do poço by minor pistoneio effects resulting from short movements of the drillstring that occur during the connection. Connection gás usually occurs after one lag interval following the connection. On a lama perfil, it will appear as a short peak above background levels. This peak often appears at 30-foot intervals, depending on the lengths of drillpipe being connected as the well is drilled.
2468equivalent circulating densidade, gás de manobra
2469None
2470None
2471--
2472cabeça de cabo
24731.n. [Drilling]
2474An electromechanical device used to connect an electrical tool coluna to a cabo de perfilagem, electrical wireline or flexitubo coluna equipped with an electrical conductor. It provides attachments to both the mechanical armadura wires (which give cabo de perfilagem its tensile strength) and the outer mechanical alojador of a ferramenta de perfilagem, usually by means of threads. This connection to the ferramenta de perfilagem results in a bem electrical path from the electrical conductors of the cabo de perfilagem to the electrical contacts of the ferramenta de perfilagem, and shields this electrical path from contact with conductive fluids, such as certain perfuração muds. The basic requirements of most cable heads include providing reliable electrical and mechanical connectivity between the running coluna and tool coluna. Another atributo of cable heads is that they serve as a "weak link," so that if a ferramenta de perfilagem becomes irretrievably stuck in a well, the operador may intentionally pull in excess of the breaking strength of the cabo de perfilagem cabeceio, causing the cable to pull out of the cabeça de cabo in a controlled fashion.
2475None
2476None
2477None
2478--
2479cellar
24801.n. [Drilling]
2481A dug-out area, possibly lined with wood, cimento or very large diameter (6 ft [1.8 m]) thin-wall tubo, located below the sonda. The cellar serves as a cavity in which the revestimento bobine (Port.) and casinghead reside. The depth of the cellar is such that the válvula mestra of the Christmas tree are easy to reach from ground level. On smaller rigs, the cellar also serves as the place where the lower part of the BOP pilha resides, which reduces the sonda height necessary to clear the BOP pilha on the top. Prior to pega revestimento de superfície, the cellar also takes lama returns from the well, which are pumped back to the surface lama equipment.
2482None
2483None
2484None
2485--
2486cluster
24871.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
2488A group of data points having similar characteristics. These points are usually found by análise de cluster, and are sometimes used to determine eletrofácies from wireline data.
2489None
2490None
2491None
2492--
2493cluster
24942.vb. [Reservoir Characterization]
2495The act of determining clusters from data sets.
2496análise de cluster
2497None
2498None
2499--
2500expansão a composição constante
25011.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
2502A laboratory test usually performed as part of a routine PVT analysis that measures the change in volume of a fluido do reservatório as a function of pressão. This change is determined by measuring the total volume of a sample of fluido do reservatório at various pressures above and below the pressão de saturação. The pressure-dependent volumes are normalized to the volume of the sample at the pressão de saturação.
2503PVT
2504None
2505None
2506--
2507cable tool perfuração
25081.n. [Drilling]
2509A method of perfuração whereby an impact tool or broca, suspended in the well from a steel cable, is dropped repeatedly on the bottom of the poço de petróleo to crush the rocha. The tool is usually fitted with some sort of amostras de calha basket to trapa the amostras de calha along the side of the tool. After a few impacts on the bottom of the poço de petróleo, the cable is reeled in and the amostras de calha basket emptied, or a removedor de pastas is used to remove amostras de calha from the well. The tool is reeled back to the bottom of the poço de petróleo and the process repeated. Due to the increasing time required to retrieve and deploy the broca as the well is deepened, the cable-tool method is limited to shallow depths. Though largely obsolete, cable-tool operations are still used to drill holes for explosive carga placement (such as for acquisition of surface seismic data) and water wells.
2510perfuração rotativa
2511None
2512basket sub
2513--
2514cellulosic polímero
25151.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2516A drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily for fluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroacetic ácido and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] to form CMC sodium sal. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines water solubilidade and negativity of the polímero, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as a aditivo de lama. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity ("CMC-Lo Vis") or high-viscosity ("CMC-Hi Vis") grades, both of which have API specifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference:Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: "The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss," SPE Drilling & Completion 8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2517carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, carboximetilcelulose, emulsão lama, gyp lama, hydroxyethylcellulose, lime lama, polyanionic celulose, potassium lama, seawater lama
2518None
2519None
2520--
2521análise de cluster
25221.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
2523Mathematical techniques for summarizing large amounts of multidimensional data into groups. The two most popular techniques are: hierarchicalk-means.The hierarchical system calculates as many clusters as there are data points and displays their relative closeness by means of a dendogram. This system is preferred when there are few data points but the user wishes to see the dendogram to chose an appropriate number of clusters for analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a form of hierarchical análise de cluster.The k-means system requires the user to choose the number of cluster to be determined. The computation scatters the centers of the clusters among the data and then moves them until they are "gravitationally bound" to the larger groups of data and no longer move. The points determined in this way represent the central points of the clusters. This technique is very fast and appropriate for very large data sets. It is most commonly used in eletrofácies calculations.Cluster analysis is often used to provide eletrofácies from wireline data where each curve is set to be a dimension.
2524cluster, k-means análise de cluster
2525None
2526None
2527--
2528contact
25291.n. [Geology]
2530The interface, also called fluid contact, that separates fluids of different densities in areservoir. Horizontal contacts are usually assumed, although tilted contacts occur in some reservoirs. The contact between fluids is usually gradual rather than sharp, forming a transition zone of mixed fluid. A mixed-fluid reservatório will stratify according to fluid densidade, with gás at the top, óleo in the middle, and water below.Productionof fluids often perturbs the fluid contacts in a reservatório.
2531condensate, gas-oil contact, gas-water contact, litológico contact, oil-water contact, stratified escoamento, transition zone, gás úmido
2532fluid contact
2533None
2534--
2535contact
25362.n. [Geology]
2537The surface, also called litológico contact, that separatesrockbodies of different lithologies, orrock types. A contact can beconformableor unconformable depending upon the types of rocha, their relative ages and their attitudes.
2538attitude, horizonte, litologia, unconformity
2539litológico contact
2540None
2541--
2542cake
25431.n. [Drilling Fluids, Formation Evaluation]
2544The residue deposited on a permeable medium when a cimento pastoso, such as a fluido de perfuração, is forced against the medium under a pressão. Filtrate is the liquid that passes through the medium, leaving the cake on the medium. Drilling muds are tested to determine filtração rate and filter-cake properties. Cake properties such as espessura do reboco, toughness, slickness and permeabilidade are important because the cake that forms on permeable zones in the parede do poço can cause tubo preso and other perfuração problems. Reduced óleo and produção de gás natural can result from reservatório damage when a poor reboco allows deep filtrado invasion. A certain degree of cake buildup is desirable to isolate formations from perfuração fluids. In openhole completions in high-angle or horizontal holes, the formação of an reboco externo is preferable to a cake that forms partly inside the formação. The latter has a higher potential for dano da formação.
2545deflocculated lama, fluido de perfuração, filtração dinâmica, filter-cake quality, filter-cake thickness, filtrado, filtrado volume, openhole completação, relative filtrado volume, resina, filtração estática
2546reboco
2547None
2548--
2549cimento
25501.n. [Geology]
2551The binding material in sedimentary rocks that precipitates between grains from poro fluids. Calcite and quartz are common cement-forming minerals.
2552authigenic, poço revestido, cimentação de rochas, chlorite, diagênese, crosta de solo, litificação, arenito
2553None
2554None
2555--
2556cimento
25572.n. [Drilling]
2558The material used to permanently selo annular spaces between revestimento and poço de petróleo walls. Cement is also used to selo formations to prevent loss of fluido de perfuração and for operations ranging from pega kick-off plugs to tampão and abandonment. The most common type by far is API Oilwell Cement, known informally as Portland cimento. Generally speaking, oilfield cimento is thinner and exhibits far less strength than cimento or concreto used for construction due to the requirement that it be highly pumpable in relatively narrow ânulo over long distances. Various additives are used to control densidade, pega time, strength and escoamento properties. Additionally, special additives are often used to reduce the occurrence of gás no anular escoamento. The pasta de cimento, commonly formed by mixing Portland cimento, water and assorted dry and liquid additives, is pumped into place and allowed to solidify (typically for 12 to 24 hours) before additional perfuração activity can resume. The cimento usually must reach a strength of 5000 psi [34,474 KPa] before perfuração or canhoneio. More advanced oilfield cements achieve higher set-cement compressive strengths by blending a variety of partícula types and sizes with less water than conventional mixtures of Portland cimento, water and chemical additives.
2559free water, influxo indesejado de fluido, cimento puro, tampão and abandon, wait on cimento
2560None
2561None
2562--
2563cimento
25643.n. [Well Completions]
2565A generic term used to describe Portland cimento used in oil- and gas-well applications. In its simplest form, cimento powder is ground from kiln-fired calcário and argila. However, modern oilfield cements are precise blends of quality assured materials to achieve consistent and predictable performance. Cement sets as the water in the cimento pastoso reacts chemically with the active ingredients, the most significant of which is tricalcium silicato reacting to create calcium silicato hidrato. Cement additives are used to control the pega process of the pasta de cimento and enhance the performance of the set cimento. The API has developed a classification system for oilwell cimento specification and performance.
2566aditivo de cimento
2567None
2568None
2569--
2570cmc
25711.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2572A drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily for fluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroacetic ácido and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] to form CMC sodium sal. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines water solubilidade and negativity of the polímero, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as a aditivo de lama. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity ("CMC-Lo Vis") or high-viscosity ("CMC-Hi Vis") grades, both of which have API specifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference: Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: "The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss," SPE Drilling & Completion 8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2573carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulosic polímero, emulsão lama, gyp lama, lime lama, polyanionic celulose, potassium lama, seawater lama
2574None
2575carboximetilcelulose
2576--
2577ângulo de contato
25781.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
2579The angle of intersection of the interface between two fluids at a solid surface. The angle is measured from the solid surface through the aquoso fase, or in an óleo and gás test through the óleo fase. The ângulo de contato displays isterese based on direction of motion of the interface. Surface roughness affects the equilibrium ângulo de contato, so measurements are typically made on smooth, flat surfaces.A contact-angle test uses carefully captured and preserved samples of reservatório óleo to determine the molhante preference. A droplet of the óleo cru is suspended between two parallel plates of quartz or calcita inside a simulated água de formação bath at reservatório temperature and sometimes at pressão de reservatório. By periodically displacing one of the plates sideways, a ângulo de contato is determined at the side of the droplet where water is forcing the óleo from the solid. A small angle indicates water-wetting preference, while a large angle indicates oil-wetting. Angles near 90 degrees are intermediate-wetting. Different minerals display different molhante preferences, although most are more likely to be water-wet.
2580imbibition, oil-wet, water-wet, molhabilidade
2581None
2582None
2583--
2584espessura do reboco
25851.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2586A medição of the thickness of the reboco, usually recorded in 32nds-inch. Under dynamic conditions, filter-cake thickness depends on rate of deposição versus erosão caused by fluid circulação and mechanical abrasão by the rotating drillstring. Typically, the reboco will reach an equilibrium thickness in the parede do poço. In laboratory tests, however, reboco is built under estática conditions with no erosão.
2587filter cake, filter medium, filtro prensa, filtrado volume, high-pressure, high-temperature teste de filtração, low-pressure, low-temperature teste de filtração, filtração estática
2588filter-cake thickness
2589None
2590--
2591cimento acelerador
25921.n. [Well Completions]
2593A chemical aditivo mixed with pasta de cimento to reduce the time required for the set cimento to develop sufficient compressive strength to enable operações de perfuração to continue. Accelerators are generally used in near-surface applications in which the temperature is relatively low.
2594None
2595None
2596None
2597--
2598cmc hi vis
25991.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2600A high viscosidade grade of drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily forfluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroaceticacidandsodium hydroxide[NaOH] to form CMC sodiumsalt. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines watersolubilityand negativity of thepolymer, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as amud aditivo. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity ("CMC-Lo Vis") or high-viscosity ("CMC-Hi Vis") grades, both of which haveAPIspecifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference: Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: "The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss,"SPE Drilling & Completion8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2601carboxymethyl amido, carboximetilcelulose, cellulosic polímero, CMC, emulsão lama
2602CMC-HVT
2603None
2604--
2605contact time
26061.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2607The elapsed time required for a specific fluid to passada a designated depth or point in the ânulo during pumping operations. Contact time is normally used as a design criterion for lama removal in escoamento turbulento.
2608None
2609None
2610None
2611--
2612calcita
26131.n. [Geology]
2614[CaCO3]The cristalino form of carbonato de cálcio and chief constituent of calcário and giz. Calcite reacts readily with dilute hydrochloric ácido [HCl], so the presence of calcita can be tested by simply placing a drop of ácido on a rocha specimen.
2615caliche
2616None
2617None
2618--
2619diagrafia de cimento (Port.)
26201.n. [Drilling]
2621A representation of the integridade of the cimento job, especially whether the cimento is adhering solidly to the outside of the revestimento. The perfil is typically obtained from one of a variety of sonic-type tools. The newer versions, called cimento evaluation logs, along with their processing software, can give detailed, 360-degree representations of the integridade of the cimento job, whereas older versions may display a single line representing the integrated integridade around the revestimento.
2622None
2623None
2624diagrafia de avalição do cimento (Port.)
2625--
2626diagrafia de cimento (Port.)
26272.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2628A perfil that uses the variations in amplitude of an acoustic signaltraveling down the revestimento wall between a transmissor and receiver to determine the quality of presa do cimento on the exterior revestimento wall. The fundamental principle is that the acoustic signal will be more attenuated in the presence of cimento than if the revestimento were uncemented. The medição is largely qualitative, as there is no indication of azimutal cimento variations such as canalização, and as it is sensitive to the effect of a microannulus.
2629pulse-echo
2630None
2631None
2632--
2633cmc hvt
26341.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2635A high viscosidade grade of drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily forfluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroaceticacidandsodium hydroxide[NaOH] to form CMC sodiumsalt. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines watersolubilityand negativity of thepolymer, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as amud aditivo. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity ("CMC-Lo Vis") or high-viscosity ("CMC-Hi Vis") grades, both of which haveAPIspecifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference: Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: "The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss,"SPE Drilling & Completion8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2636carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, carboximetilcelulose, cellulosic polímero, polyanionic celulose
2637CMC, CMC-Hi Vis
2638None
2639--
2640contaminant
26411.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2642A chemical or fluid that alters the performance of an engineered cimento pastoso or treatment fluid. Some remedial cimentação treatments require unpredictable volumes of pasta de cimento to achieve the desired results. When excess cimento pastoso is left in the parede do poço, it may not be possible to remove the excess cimento pastoso by conventional means, such as circulação reversa, before the cimento pastoso thickens and becomes immovable. Mixing the contaminant with the cimento pastoso in the correct proportions increases the tempo de espessamento of the cimento pastoso, allowing it to be safely removed from the parede do poço.
2643hesitação cimentação
2644None
2645None
2646--
2647carbonato de cálcio
26481.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2649A compound with formula CaCO3 that occurs naturally as calcário. Ground and sized carbonato de cálcio is used to increase lama densidade to about 12 lbm/gal [1.44 kg/m3], and is preferable to barita because it is acid-soluble and can be dissolved with hydrochloric ácido to clean up produção zones. Its primary use today is as a bridging material in drill-in, completação and restauração fluids. Sized carbonato de cálcio particles, along with polymers, control perda de fluido in brines or drill-in, completação and restauração fluids. Insoluble carbonato de cálcio is the precipitated byproduct of lama treatments used for removal of either Ca+2 or CO3-2 by addition of the other ião (Port.).
2650alkalinity, bicarbonate, carbonato ião (Port.), carboximetilcelulose, CASAM, drill-in fluid, Garrett Gas Train, dureza ião (Port.), hydroxyethylcellulose, polyanionic celulose, polímero, sized carbonato de cálcio, material de adensamento, fluido de completação
2651None
2652None
2653--
2654diagrafia de avalição do cimento (Port.)
26551.n. [Drilling]
2656A representation of the integridade of thecementjob, especially whether the cimento is adhering solidly to the outside of thecasing. The perfil is typically obtained from one of a variety ofsonic-type tools. The newer versions, called cimento evaluation logs, along with their processing software, can give detailed, 360-degree representations of the integridade of the cimento job, whereas older versions may display a single line representing the integrated integridade around the revestimento.
2657diagrafia de cimento (Port.)
2658None
2659None
2660--
2661cmc lo vis
26621.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2663A low viscosidade grade of drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily forfluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroaceticacidandsodium hydroxide[NaOH] to form CMC sodiumsalt. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines watersolubilityand negativity of thepolymer, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as amud aditivo. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity (""CMC-Lo Vis"") or high-viscosity (""CMC-Hi Vis"") grades, both of which haveAPIspecifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference: Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: ""The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss,""SPE Drilling & Completion8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2664carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, carboximetilcelulose, cellulosic polímero, emulsão lama, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyanionic celulose
2665CMC, CMC-LVT
2666None
2667--
2668contamination gás
26691.n. [Drilling]
2670Gas that is introduced into the lama de perfuração from a source other than the formação. Contamination gás normally evolves as a by-product of oil-base lama systems and those using volátil additives such as diesel combustível or other lubricants.
2671oil-base lama
2672None
2673None
2674--
2675carbonato de cálcio tampão
26761.n. [Well Completions]
2677A temporary tampão formulated with graded granules or flakes of carbonato de cálcio that are generally circulated into place as a cimento pastoso and allowed to settle out. Calcium carbonato plugs commonly are used to isolate lower produção zones, either to enable a column of well control fluid to be placed, or to provide some protection for a lower zone while treating upper zones. Because of their high reaction rate with hydrochloric ácido, carbonato de cálcio plugs are easily removed using common acidizing materials and equipment.
2678None
2679None
2680None
2681--
2682cimento estendedor
26831.n. [Well Completions]
2684A chemical aditivo or inert material used to decrease the densidade or increase the yield of a pasta de cimento. The cimento pastoso yield is typically expressed in cubic feet of cimento pastoso per sack of cimento. Increasing the yield reduces the cost per volume of pasta de cimento, while reducing the densidade da pasta de cimento reduces the pressão hidrostática of the cimento column, enabling weak zones to be successfully cemented and isolated.
2685None
2686None
2687None
2688--
2689cmc lvt
26901.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2691A low viscosidade grade of drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily forfluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroaceticacidandsodium hydroxide[NaOH] to form CMC sodiumsalt. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines watersolubilityand negativity of thepolymer, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as amud aditivo. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity (""CMC-Lo Vis"") or high-viscosity (""CMC-Hi Vis"") grades, both of which haveAPIspecifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference: Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: ""The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss,""SPE Drilling & Completion8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
2692carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, carboximetilcelulose, cellulosic polímero, CMC, emulsão lama, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyanionic celulose
2693CMC-Lo Vis
2694None
2695--
2696continuous reservatório
26971.n. [Shale Gas]
2698A type of areally extensive reservatório that contains hidrocarboneto throughout, rather than containing a water contact or being significantly affected by a coluna d’água or a defined structural closure. The areal extent of a continuous reservatório, such as a xisto reservatório, can be as large as the extent of the bacia sedimentar in which the xisto was deposited.
2699None
2700None
2701None
2702--
2703calcium contamination
27041.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2705A contamination problem caused by Ca+2 ions, usually occurring in água doce, seawater and other low-salinity and low-hardness lama systems. Soluble calcium comes into a lama from various sources: gypsum- or anhydrite-bearing strata, unset cimento and dureza ions in make-up water or from an influx of água de formação. Ca+2 can flocculate colloidal clays and precipitate large anionic polymers that contain carboxylate groups, such as an acrylate polímero. On the other hand, some lama types tolerate calcium, in which case calcium is not considered a contaminant.
2706anion, lama de cálcio, clay-water interaction, coloide, deflocculated lama, floculação, água de formação, gyp lama, dureza ião (Port.), lime lama, seawater lama
2707None
2708None
2709--
2710cimento cabeceio
27111.n. [Drilling]
2712A device fitted to the top joint of a coluna de revestimento to hold a tampão de cimento before it is pumped down the revestimento during the cimentação operation. In most operations, a tampão de fundo is launched before the espaçador or pasta de cimento. The tampão de topo is released from the cimento cabeceio after the espaçador fluid. Most cimento heads can hold both the top and bottom plugs. A manifolde incorporated into the cimento cabeceio assembly allows connection of a fluid circulação line.
2713cimento cabeceio
2714None
2715None
2716--
2717cmp
27181.n. [Geophysics]
2719In multichannel seismic acquisition, the point on the surface halfway between the source and receiver that is shared by numerous source-receiver pairs. Such redundancy among source-receiver pairs enhances the quality of dado sísmico when the data are stacked. The ponto médio comum is vertically above the ponto comum em profundidade, or common reflection point. Common midpoint is not the same as ponto comum em profundidade, but the terms are often incorrectly used as synonyms.
2720None
2721None
2722ponto médio comum
2723--
2724mapa de contorno
27251.n. [Geology]
2726A map displaying lines that include points of equal value and separate points of higher value from points of lower value. Common types of contour maps include topographic contour maps, which show the elevation of the Earth's surface; structure contour maps, which show the elevation or depth of a formation; and gross or net areia or pay maps, which show variations in the thickness of a stratigraphic unit, also called isopachs.
2727contour, isócora, isócrona map, isópaca, spill point, structure map, topographic map
2728None
2729None
2730--
2731calcium hydroxide
27321.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2733A chemical with formula Ca(OH)2, commonly called slaked lime. Lime is used in lime muds and as a treatment to remove carbonato ions. It is used as a stabilizing ingredient in oil- and synthetic-base lama, essential to formação of fatty-acid soap emulsifiers. It is an alcalino material that can be carried in excess to neutralize sulfito de hidrogênio [H2S] and dióxido de carbono [CO2].
2734alkalinity, lama de cálcio, calcium oxide, carbonato ião (Port.), equivalent weight, lime lama, low-colloid óleo lama, oil-base lama
2735None
2736slaked lime
2737--
2738retentor de cimento
27391.n. [Well Completions]
2740An isolation tool set in the revestimento or revestimento tipo liner that enables treatments to be applied to a lower interval while providing isolation from the ânulo above. Cement retainers are typically used in cimento hesitação or similar remedial treatments. A specially profiled probe, known as a esporão, is attached to the bottom of the coluna de tubo de produção to engage in the retainer during operation. When the esporão is removed, the valve assembly isolates the parede do poço below the retentor de cimento.
2741None
2742None
2743None
2744--
2745co2 injection
27461.n. [Heavy Oil, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
2747An recuperação melhorada de óleo method in which dióxido de carbono (CO2) is injected into a reservatório to increase produção by reducing óleo viscosidade and providing miscível or partially deslocamento miscível of the óleo.
2748None
2749None
2750None
2751--
2752linha de controlo (Port.)
27531.n. [Well Completions]
2754A small-diameter hydraulic line used to operate downhole completação equipment such as the surface controlled subsurface válvula de segurança (SCSSV). Most systems operated by linha de controlo (Port.) operate on a fail-safe basis. In this mode, the linha de controlo (Port.) remains pressurized at all times. Any leak or failure results in loss of linha de controlo (Port.) pressão, acting to close the válvula de segurança and render the well safe.
2755válvula de segurança de subsuperfície controlada na superfície (SCSSV)
2756None
2757None
2758--
2759calcium oxide
27601.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2761A chemical with formula CaO, commonly called quick lime or hot lime. When hydrated with one mole of water, it forms slaked lime, Ca(OH)2. Quick lime is used in preference to slaked lime at óleo lama mixing plants because it generates heat when it becomes slaked with water and therefore speeds up emulsification by the reaction to form calcium fatty-acid soap.
2762calcium hydroxide, slaked lime
2763None
2764None
2765--
2766cimentação tampão
27671.n. [Drilling]
2768A rubber tampão used to separate the pasta de cimento from other fluids, reducing contamination and maintaining predictable cimento pastoso performance. Two types of cimentação tampão are typically used on a cimentação operation. The tampão de fundo is launched ahead of the pasta de cimento to minimize contamination by fluids inside the revestimento prior to cimentação. A diaphragm in the tampão body ruptures to allow the pasta de cimento to passada through after the tampão reaches the assentamento colar. The tampão de topo has a solid body that provides positive indication of contact with the assentamento colar and tampão de fundo through an increase in pressão da bomba.
2769None
2770wiper tampão
2771None
2772--
2773coal
27741.n. [Geology]
2775A carbon-rich rocha sedimentar that forms from the remains of plants deposited as peat in swampy environments. Burial and increase in temperature bring about physical and chemical changes called coalification. Because of the orgânico origin of coal, it cannot be classified as a mineral. The main types of coal, antracito, carvão betuminoso and lignito, can be distinguished by their dureza and energy content, which are affected by their orgânico content as well as their conditions of formação. Natural gás associated with coal, called gás de carvão or coalbed metano, can be produced economically from coal beds in some areas. In some basins coals form source rocks.
2776hydrocarbon, rocha fonte, swamp
2777None
2778None
2779--
2780convecção
27811.n. [Geology]
2782The density- and heat-driven cycling, transfer or circulação of energy through which material initially warms up and becomes relatively less dense, then rises, cools and becomes relatively more dense, and finally sinks. As a consequence of convecção, material can turn over repeatedly in a convecção cell. Within the Earth, radiogenic heating results in convecção appearing in the mantle and might drive plate tectonic motions. Convection also occurs in the ocean waters and in the Earth's atmosphere.
2783mantle, plate tectonics
2784None
2785None
2786--
2787sulfato de cálcio
27881.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2789The chemical CaSO4, which occurs naturally as the mineral anidrita. Gypsum is the dihydrate mineral form, CaSO4·2H2O. Anhydrite and gipsita (commonly called gyp) are found in the subsurface and perfuração even small stringers of these minerals can upset a freshwater or seawater lama. Gyp muds, lime muds and óleo muds tolerate these salts best. CaSO4 is used as a lama treatment when no pH increase is needed to remove carbonato ião (Port.) contamination in freshwater and seawater muds. (Lime increases pH when added for this purpose.) Gypsum and lime treatments are often used together to keep pH in the proper varredura. The test for determining the dissolved and undissolved sulfato de cálcio in a gyp lama requires two titrations with the strong EDTA reagent and Calver II® indicador when performed to API standards. It also requires a retort analysis for water content in the lama in order to calculate CaSO4 content, lbm/bbl.
2790calcium lama, calcium test, lime lama, óleo lama, retort, scale, titration, water, óleo and solids test
2791None
2792None
2793--
2794centralizador
27951.n. [Well Completions]
2796A device fitted with a hinged colar and bowsprings to keep the revestimento or revestimento tipo liner in the center of the parede do poço to help ensure efficient placement of a bainha de cimento around the coluna de revestimento. If revestimento strings are cemented off-center, there is a high risco that a canal of fluido de perfuração or contaminated cimento will be left where the revestimento contacts the formação, creating an imperfect selo.
2797bow-spring centralizador, cimentação, deviated poço de petróleo, excentricidade
2798None
2799None
2800--
2801centralizador
28022.n. [Well Completions]
2803A device used to keep a tool coluna in the center of the tubo de produção, revestimento or parede do poço. Tool centralization may be required for several reasons: to prevent the tool from hanging up on obstructions on the parede do poço wall, to place fluid efficiently and to avoid excessive standoff.
2804None
2805None
2806None
2807--
2808centralizador
28093.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2810A device that helps to maintain the ferramenta de perfilagem in the center of the poço de petróleo. On wireline tools such devices typically have three or more flexible bow springs. They may be mounted on the outside surface of the ferramenta de perfilagem or else mounted in-line, between two cartridges or sondes. Some measurements, such as acoustic logs, respond better when the tool is centralized, while others, including induction logs, are better when eccentralized.
2811bow-spring centralizador, sonde
2812None
2813Antonyms:eccentralizer
2814--
2815camada de carvão metano
28161.n. [Geology]
2817Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
2818unconventional resource
2819coal leito gás, coal-seam gás, CSG
2820coalbed metano, coal-bed metano, CBM
2821--
2822conventional lama
28231.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2824A term that, in the past, referred to a lama containing bentonita argila, water, soda cáustica and perhaps barita (as needed for density) usually with lignito or lignosulfonato present. Modern perfuração does not necessarily recognize this as a conventional lama because polímero muds, special drill-in fluids and synthetic-base muds are now in common use. There may not be a "conventional mud" today.
2825chrome lignosulfonato, argila, deflocculant, drill-in fluid, low-solids lama, lama, synthetic-base lama
2826None
2827None
2828--
2829calibração
28301.n. [Geophysics]
2831A method of adjusting a data set against a control that has properties to which the data set should conform.
2832levantamento em leque
2833None
2834None
2835--
2836calibração
28372.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2838The process of adjusting a medição to a padrão, so that copies of the same type of ferramenta de perfilagem or laboratory instrument will read the same. The tool or instrument is placed in the presence of a calibrator or calibrating meio ambiente, for example, a source of gamma rays for a gamma raio tool, or the air, far from the ground, for an induction tool. Calibration coefficients, typically a ganho and an distância, are calculated so that the tool or instrument reads correctly in the calibrator. The coefficients are then applied during subsequent measurements.The term master calibração is used for the regular, as for example quarterly, calibração of a ferramenta de perfilagem in the workshop. For most wireline tools, a secondary calibrator is adjusted during the master calibração and taken to the wellsite so that a wellsite calibração can be done just prior to the perfilagem job. Some tools, such as the gamma raio, are calibrado (Port.) only at the wellsite. For most measurements-while-drilling tools, the meio ambiente requires that the calibração be performed at the workshop and only a verification made at the wellsite.For some measurements, there is a primary worldwide padrão against which calibrators are calibrado (Port.), as for example, the radioactive formations at the University of Houston used to define gamma raio API units.
2839None
2840None
2841None
2842--
2843bomba centrífuga
28441.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
2845A type of bomba commonly used in the handling and mixing of oilfield fluids. The rotary motion of a profiled impulsor in combination with a shaped bomba alojador or volute applies centrifugal force to descarga fluids from the bomba. Centrifugal pumps generally operate most efficiently in high-volume, low-output-pressure conditions. Unlike a positive-displacement bomba, the escoamento from centrifugal pumps can be controlled easily, even allowing escoamento to be completely closed off using valves on the bomba descarga manifolde while the bomba is running. This bomba is sometimes known as a "C bomba."
2846bomba manifolde
2847None
2848C bomba
2849--
2850coal leito gás
28511.n. [Geology]
2852Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
2853unconventional resource
2854coalbed metano, camada de carvão metano, coal-bed metano, CBM
2855coal-seam gás, CSG
2856--
2857conventional reservatório
28581.n. [Shale Gas, Geology]
2859A reservatório in which buoyant forces keep hydrocarbons in place below a sealing caprock. Reservoir and fluid characteristics of conventional reservoirs typically permit óleo or gás natural to escoamento readily into wellbores. The term is used to make a distinction from xisto and other unconventional reservoirs, in which gás might be distributed throughout the reservatório at the bacia scale, and in which buoyant forces or the influence of a coluna d’água on the location of hydrocarbons within the reservatório are not significant.
2860None
2861None
2862None
2863--
2864caliche
28651.n. [Geology]
2866A crust of coarse sediments or weathered solo rich in carbonato de cálcio. It forms when lime-rich groundwater rises to the surface by capilar action and evaporates into a crumbly powder, forming a tough, indurated sheet called calcrete. Caliche typically occurs in deserto or semi-arid areas. Of particular concern to geophysicists is the difficulty in acquiring bem dado sísmico when shooting through a camada of caliche.
2867calcite, sedimento
2868None
2869None
2870--
2871caliche
28722.n. [Geology]
2873A jazida of sodium nitrate that is mined and used for fertilizer in parts of South America.
2874None
2875None
2876None
2877--
2878centrífuga
28791.n. [Drilling Fluids]
2880An item of solids-removal equipment that removes fine and ultrafine solids. It consists of a conical drum that rotates at 2000 to 4000 rpm. Drilling fluid is fed into one end and the separated solids are moved up the bowl by a rotating scroll to exit at the other end. Centrifuges generally have limited processing capacity (50 to 250 gpm) but are useful for processing weighted perfuração fluids and can remove finer solids than can a hidrociclone or shaker screens. They can also be used for water clarification or for processing oily amostras de calha.
2881closed lama system, dewatering
2882None
2883None
2884--
2885centrífuga
28862.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2887A rapidly rotating flywheel on a vertical axle to whose rim is attached a series of tubes at one end, the other end being free to tilt upwards and outwards. At high speeds, the centrifugal force in the tubes is far greater than gravity. The centrífuga is used to expel fluids from testemunho samples, either to clean them or to desaturate them for measurements of saturação de água irredutível, índice de resistividade or ressonância nuclear magnética properties. It can be used at múltipla speeds to obtain a pressão capilar curve. Centrifuges are also used in studies of argila mineralogy, where micron-scale fractions are extracted from suspensão and subjected to analysis by raio X difração (XRD).
2888distillation extraction, porous plate technique
2889None
2890None
2891--
2892coalbed metano
28931.n. [Geology]
2894Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
2895unconventional resource
2896coal leito gás, coal-seam gás, CSG
2897camada de carvão metano, coal-bed metano, CBM
2898--
2899convergência
29001.n. [Geology]
2901The movement of tectonic plates toward each other, generating compressional forces and ultimately resulting in collision, and in some cases subduction, of tectonic plates. The boundary where tectonic plates converge is called a convergent margin.
2902lithosphere, plate tectonics, transpression, corrente de turbidez
2903None
2904None
2905--
2906convergência
29072.n. [Geophysics]
2908In mathematics, the process in which a sequence of numbers approaches a fixed value called the "limit" of the sequence. This term is often used in modeling or inversão to describe the situation in which a sequence of calculated values approach, or converge with, measured values.
2909model
2910None
2911Antonyms:divergence
2912--
2913perfil de caliper
29141.n. [Drilling]
2915A representation of the measured diameter of a poço de petróleo along its depth. Caliper logs are usually measured mechanically, with only a few using sonic devices. The tools measure diameter at a specific chord across the well. Since wellbores are usually irregular (rugose), it is important to have a tool that measures diameter at several different locations simultaneously. Such a tool is called a multifinger caliper. Drilling engineers or rigsite personnel use caliper medição as a qualitative indication of both the condition of the parede do poço and the degree to which the lama system has maintained poço de petróleo stability. Caliper data are integrated to determine the volume of the openhole, which is then used in planning cimentação operations.
2916cementing, openhole
2917None
2918None
2919--
2920canalização
29211.n. [Formation Evaluation]
2922The condition in which cimento flows in a canal only on some sides of the revestimento or poço de petróleo ânulo, and thus does not provide adequate hydraulic isolation in all radial azimuths. The canal frequently manifests itself as an intermediate amplitude signal on a diagrafia de cimento (Port.). Pulse-echo tools are able to detect a canal because they measure the presa do cimento at different azimuths.
2923azimute
2924None
2925None
2926--
2927camada de carvão metano
29281.n. [Geology]
2929Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
2930unconventional resource
2931coal leito gás, coal-seam gás, CSG
2932coalbed metano, camada de carvão metano, CBM
2933--
2934convergent
29351.adj. [Geology]
2936Pertaining to the movement of tectonic plates toward each other, generating compressional forces and ultimately resulting in collision, and in some cases subduction, of tectonic plates. The boundary where tectonic plates converge is called a convergent margin.
2937lithosphere, plate tectonics, transpression, corrente de turbidez
2938None
2939None
2940--
2941convergent
29422.adj. [Geophysics]
2943In mathematics, pertaining to the process in which a sequence of numbers approaches a fixed value called the "limit" of the sequence. This term is often used inmodelingorinversionto describe the situation in which a sequence of calculated values approach, or converge with, measured values.
2944model
2945None
2946None
2947--
2948cap
29491.n. [Geophysics]
2950A small, electrically activated explosive carga that detonates a larger carga. Caps, also called seismic caps or extração por explosão caps, are used for seismic acquisition with an explosive source to achieve consistent timing of detonation.
2951detonator
2952None
2953detonador
2954--
2955tiro de controle foto
29561.n. [Geophysics]
2957A type of poço de petróleo dado sísmico designed to measure the seismic tempo de viagem from the surface to a known depth. P-wave velocity of the formations encountered in a parede do poço can be measured directly by lowering a geofone to each formação of interest, sending out a source of energy from the surface of the Earth, and recording the resultant signal. The data can then be correlated to surface dado sísmico by correcting the perfil sônico and generating a sismograma sintético to confirm or modify seismic interpretations. It differs from a perfil sísmico vertical in the number and densidade of receiver depths recorded; geofone positions may be widely and irregularly located in the parede do poço, whereas a perfil sísmico vertical usually has numerous geophones positioned at closely and regularly spaced intervals in the parede do poço.
2958drift, first break, one-dimensional dado sísmico, one-way time
2959velocity foto
2960check-shot foto
2961--
2962coalesce
29631.vb. [Drilling Fluids]
2964To grow, as in the process of droplet growth, through small drops mergingwhen they come in contact. If this occurs repeatedly, a continuous liquid fase forms. Through this phenomenon, emulsions break and form two distinct liquid phases that tend to separate. Inoil-base lama, the water fase is dispersed as small droplets, with óleo as the continuous (external) fase. A stableoil mudwill remain dispersed under normal perfuração conditions because when droplets contact each other, they do not coalesce due to the strong emulsifierfilm around each droplet. However, when the emulsão film around each droplet becomes weakened, droplets will begin to coalesce. If not corrected, this can lead to total emulsão breakdown with solids becoming water-wetted.
2965creaming, emulsão, HLB number, water-wet
2966None
2967None
2968--
2969convolução
29701.n. [Geophysics]
2971A mathematical operation on two functions that is the most general representation of the process of linear (invariant) filtering. Convolution can be applied to any two functions of time or space (or other variables) to yield a third function, the output of the convolução. Although the mathematical definition is symmetric with respect to the two input functions, it is common in signal processing to say that one of the functions is a filter acting on the other function. The response of many physical systems can be represented mathematically by a convolução. For example, a convolução can be used to model the filtering of seismic energy by the various rocha layers in the Earth; desconvolução (Port.) is used extensively in processamento sísmico to counteract that filtering.The mathematical form of the convolução of two functions, a filter f(t) and a time-series x(t), isy(t) = ∫ f(t−τ)x(τ)dτ,where y(t) is the output of the convolução.In the domínio da freqüência, convolução is simply the product of the Fourier transforms (FT) of the two functions:Y(ω) = F(ω)*X(ω),whereX(ω) = FT of the time series x(t)F(ω) = FT of the filter f(t)Y(ω) = FT of the output y(t)ω = angular frequência.
2972embedded forma de onda, sismograma sintético, forma de onda
2973None
2974None
2975--
2976convolução
29772.n. [Well Testing]
2978A mathematical operation that uses downhole flow-rate measurements to transform pressão de fundo measurements distorted by variable rates to an interpretable transiente. Convolution also can use surface rates to transform cabeça de poço pressures to an interpretable form. Convolution assumes a particular model for the pressure-transient response, usually infinite-acting escoamento radial. This operation is similar to what is done to account for the escoamento history in rigorous pressure-transient analysis.
2979transient-rate and pressure-test analysis
2980None
2981None
2982--
2983cap the well
29841.vb. [Well Completions]
2985To regain control of a erupção well by installing and closing a valve on the cabeça de poço.
2986None
2987None
2988None
2989--
2990válvula de pé
29911.n. [Well Completions]
2992A mechanical device that permits fluid to escoamento or pressão to act in one direction only. Check valves are used in a variety of óleo and gás industry applications as control or safety devices. Check valve designs are tailored to specific fluid types and operating conditions. Some designs are less tolerant of debris, while others may obstruct the bore of the conduit or tubo de produção in which the válvula de pé is fitted.
2993cementing, flapper valve, float shoe, well control
2994None
2995None
2996--
2997válvula de pé
29982.n. [Production]
2999A one-directional valve that is opened by the fluid escoamento in one direction and closes automatically when the escoamento stops or reverses direction.
3000None
3001None
3002None
3003--
3004coalescência
30051.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3006The process of droplet growth as small drops merge together when they come in contact. If this occurs repeatedly, a continuous liquid fase forms. Through this phenomenon, emulsions break and form two distinct liquid phases that tend to separate. In oil-base lama, the water fase is dispersed as small droplets, with óleo as the continuous (external) fase. A stable óleo lama will remain dispersed under normal perfuração conditions because when droplets contact each other, they do not coalesce due to the strong emulsionante film around each droplet. However, when the emulsão film around each droplet becomes weakened, droplets will begin to coalesce. If not corrected, this can lead to total emulsão breakdown with solids becoming water-wetted.
3007creaming, emulsão, HLB number, water-wet
3008None
3009coalesce
3010--
3011convolve
30121.vb. [Geophysics]
3013To perform a convolução, which is a mathematical operation on two functions that is the most general representation of the process of linear (invariant) filtering. Convolution can be applied to any two functions of time or space (or other variables) to yield a third function, the output of the convolução. Although the mathematical definition is symmetric with respect to the two input functions, it is common in signal processing to say that one of the functions is a filter acting on the other function. The response of many physical systems can be represented mathematically by a convolução. For example, a convolução can be used to model the filtering of seismic energy by the various rocha layers in the Earth; desconvolução (Port.) is used extensively in processamento sísmico to counteract that filtering.
3014embedded forma de onda, sismograma sintético, forma de onda
3015None
3016None
3017--
3018convolve
30192.vb. [Well Testing]
3020To perform a convolução, which is a mathematical operation that uses downhole flow-rate measurements to transform pressão de fundo measurements distorted by variable rates to an interpretable transiente. Convolution also can use surface rates to transform cabeça de poço pressures to an interpretable form. Convolution assumes a particular model for the pressure-transient response, usually infinite-acting escoamento radial. This operation is similar to what is done to account for the escoamento history in rigorous pressure-transient analysis.
3021transient-rate and pressure-test analysis
3022None
3023None
3024--
3025perfil de capacitância
30261.n. [Production Logging]
3027An in situ record of the capability of the fluid passing through a sensor to store electrical carga. Since water has a high constante dielétrica, and hence capacitância, it can be distinguished from óleo or gás. The capacitância, or fluid perfil de capacitância, can therefore identify water and be scaled in terms of water holdup. However, the relation between capacitância and holdup depends strongly on whether the water is the fase contínua, complicating quantitative evaluation.The perfil was introduced in the 1960s with the so-called holdup meter. It was mainly used in three-phase escoamento, or when fluid-density measurements were insufficiently sensitive to water at low holdup, or with heavy oils. Since the late 1980s, other holdup measurements have been preferred.
3028fluid-density perfil, holdup perfil, multi-capacitance medidor de vazão, perfil de produção
3029None
3030None
3031--
3032tiro de controle foto
30331.n. [Geophysics]
3034A type of poço de petróleo dado sísmico designed to measure the seismic tempo de viagem from the surface to a known depth. P-wave velocity of the formations encountered in a parede do poço can be measured directly by lowering a geofone to each formação of interest, sending out a source of energy from the surface of the Earth, and recording the resultant signal. The data can then be correlated to surface dado sísmico by correcting the perfil sônico and generating a sismograma sintético to confirm or modify seismic interpretations. It differs from a perfil sísmico vertical in the number and densidade of receiver depths recorded; geofone positions may be widely and irregularly located in the parede do poço, whereas a perfil sísmico vertical usually has numerous geophones positioned at closely and regularly spaced intervals in the parede do poço.
3035correlate, correlação, depth conversion, deriva, first break, interpretation, one-dimensional dado sísmico, one-way time
3036velocity foto, well shoot
3037None
3038--
3039coal leito gás
30401.n. [Geology]
3041Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
3042unconventional resource
3043coalbed metano, camada de carvão metano, coal-bed metano, CBM
3044coal leito gás, CSG
3045--
3046copper carbonato
30471.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3048A compound, CuCO3, that was used as a sulfide scavenger for water-base muds. However, it was found to be corrosive due to spontaneous plating of metallic copper onto metal surfaces, causing pitting corrosion; it has largely been replaced by zinc compounds.Reference:Perricone AC and Chesser BG: "Corrosive Aspects of Copper Carbonate in Drilling Fluids," Oil & Gas Journal 68, no. 37 (September 14, 1970): 82-85.
3049Garrett Gas Train, water-base lama, zinc basic carbonato, zinc carbonato
3050None
3051None
3052--
3053capacitância meter
30541.n. [Production Logging]
3055Another term for holdup meter, a device for determining the waterholdupin aproducing wellby measuring the capacitância or impedanceof the fluid. The holdupmeteris used to produce a perfil de capacitância. Since water has a high dielectricconstant, and hence capacitância, it can be distinguished from óleo or gás. The meter is a coaxial capacitor, with fluid flowing between a centralprobeand an external gaiola that act as electrodes. The meter has often been combined with apackerflowmeteror adiverterflowmeter, so that all the fluids in the wellpassthrough the meter.
3056dielectric constant, holdup perfil, perfil de produção
3057BOP de baixa pressão medidor de vazão, holdup meter, medidor de fração de água
3058None
3059--
3060chemical barril
30611.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3062A 20- to 50-gallon [3.2- to 7.9 m3] container for liquid lama additives, usually located above the suction pit on a sonda de perfuração. The chemical barril is used to slowly dispense various types of liquids into the active lama system. It has traditionally been used to add cáustico (NaOH or KOH) solução at a slow and steady rate in order to maintain a uniform pH throughout a circulating lama system. Adding cáustico solução is an especially risky operation and the proper design and use of the chemical barril for safety is vitally important. Derrickmen must be informed of the dangers, proper protective clothing and safety rules to follow when using the chemical barril.
3063cáustico potash, soda cáustica, antiespuma (Port.), torrista, suction pit
3064None
3065None
3066--
3067coating
30681.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3069Any thin material, liquid or powder, which, applied over a structure, forms a continuous film to protect against corrosão.Corrosion coatings should possess flexibility, resistance against impact and moisture, bem adesão and coesão, and chemical resistance to the exposure conditions (such as temperature, hidrogênio sulfide).Organic coatings such as polyethylenes (plastic) are normally used for external protection of pipelines while asfalto and coal alcatrão enamels are used to protect buried pipes or undersides of oilfield tanks. Inorganic coating such as zinc-silicate is used to protect perfuração and produção platforms above the splash zone and nickel phosphate coating is used to protect obturador body parts.
3070coating flaw
3071None
3072None
3073--
3074testemunho
30751.vb. [Drilling]
3076To deepen the parede do poço by way of collecting a cylindrical sample of rocha. A broca de testemunhagem is used to accomplish this, in conjunction with a caroteiro(Port.) and agarrador de testemunho. The broca is usually a arraste broca fitted with either PDC or natural diamond cutting structures, but the broca de testemunhagem is unusual in that it has a poço de petróleo in its center. This allows the broca to drill around a central cylinder of rocha, which is taken in through the broca and into the caroteiro(Port.). The caroteiro(Port.) itself may be thought of as a special storage chamber for holding the rocha testemunho. The agarrador de testemunho serves to grip the bottom of the testemunho and, as tension is applied to the drillstring, the rocha under the testemunho breaks away from the undrilled formação below it. The agarrador de testemunho also retains the testemunho so that it does not fall out the bottom of the drillstring, which is open in the middle at that point.
3077diamond broca, arraste broca, broca PDC
3078None
3079None
3080--
3081testemunho
30822.n. [Geology]
3083Innermost camada of the Earth. Studies of compressional and shear waves indicate that the testemunho makes up nearly 3500 km [2170 miles] of the Earth's radius of 6370 km [3950 miles]. Such studies also demonstrate that because shear waves do not passada through the outer part of the testemunho (2250 km [1400 miles] thick), it is liquid (only solids can shear). The inner testemunho is solid and 1220 km [750 miles] thick. The core's iron and nickel composition was inferred through studies of the Earth's gravitational field and average densidade. The relatively low densidade of the outer layers of the Earth suggests a dense inner camada.
3084asthenosphere, crust, lithosphere, mantle, plate tectonics, S-wave
3085None
3086None
3087--
3088testemunho
30893.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3090A cylindrical sample of formação geológica, usually reservatório rocha, taken during or after perfuração a well. Cores can be full-diameter cores (that is, they are nearly as large in diameter as the drill bit) taken at the time of perfuração the zone, or sidewall cores (generally less than 1 in. [2.5 cm] in diameter) taken after a poço de petróleo has been drilled. Cores samples are used for many studies, some of which relate to perfuração fluids and damage done by them.
3091bland testemunhagem fluid, testemunho, testemunhagem fluid, drill-in fluid, fluido de perfuração, filtração dinâmica, filtrado, filtrado tracer, filtração
3092None
3093None
3094--
3095capacity factor
30961.n. [Production]
3097The number of gallons of water per minute that will escoamento through a valve with a perda de carga of 1 psi. Also expressed as Kv in m3/hr∙bar.
3098None
3099None
3100None
3101--
3102cortador químico
31031.n. [Perforating]
3104A downhole tool run on wireline to sever tubo de produção at a predetermined point when the coluna de tubo de produção becomes stuck. When activated, the cortador químico use a small explosive carga to forcefully direct high-pressure jets of highly corrosive material in a circumferential pattern against the tubular wall. The nearly instantaneous maciço corrosão of the surrounding tubo de produção wall creates a relatively even corte with minimal distortion of the tubo de produção, aiding subsequent pescaria operations.
3105None
3106None
3107None
3108--
3109coating flaw
31101.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3111A void in the tubo coating. Coating flaws are detected by either mechanical or visual inspections and must be repaired to avoid significant corrosão problems.A coating flaw is also called a holiday.
3112None
3113None
3114None
3115--
3116análise de testemunho
31171.n. [Formation Evaluation, Shale Gas]
3118Laboratory study of a sample of a formação geológica, usually reservatório rocha, taken during or after perfuração a well. Economic and efficient óleo and produção de gás natural is highly dependent on understanding key properties of reservatório rocha, such as porosidade, permeabilidade, and molhabilidade. Geoscientists have developed a variety of approaches, including perfil and análise de testemunho techniques, to measure these properties. Core analysis is especially important in xisto reservoirs because of the vertical and lateral heterogeneity of the rocks. Core analysis can include evaluation of rocha properties and anisotropy; orgânico matter content, maturidade, and type; fluid content; fluid sensitivity; and geomechanical properties. This information can be used to calibrate perfil and seismic measurements and to help in well and completação design, well placement, and other aspects of reservatório produção.
3119None
3120None
3121None
3122--
3123número capilar
31241.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3125A dimensionless group used in analysis of fluid escoamento that characterizes the ratio of viscoso forces to surface or tensão interfacial forces. It is usually denoted NC in the campo de petróleo and Ca in chemical engenharia consultiva. For a flowing liquid, if NC >>1, then viscoso forces dominate over interfacial forces; however if NC <<1, then viscoso forces are negligible compared with interfacial forces. Capillary numbers are usually large for high-speed flows and low for low-speed flows; thus, typically for escoamento through pores in the reservatório NC is ~10−6, and for escoamento in produção tubulars NC is ~1.Capillary number equation:NC = Ca = (μU) / σwhereNC = Ca = capilar numberμ = fluid viscosityU = fluid velocityσ = surface or tensão interfacial.
3126tensão interfacial
3127None
3128None
3129--
3130chemical inundação
31311.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3132A general term for injection processes that use special chemical solutions. Micellar, alcalino and soap-like substances are used to reduce tensão superficial between óleo and water in the reservatório, whereas polymers such as poliacrilamida or polysaccharide are employed to improve eficiência de varrido. The chemical solutions are pumped through specially distributed injection wells to mobilize óleo left behind after primary or recuperação secundária. Chemical inundação is a major component of recuperação melhorada de óleo processes and can be subdivided into micellar-polymer inundação and injeção alcalina.The general procedure of a chemical inundação includes a preflush (low-salinity water), a chemical solução (micellar or alkaline), a mobilidade buffer and, finally, a driving fluid (water), which displaces the chemicals and the resulting óleo banco to produção wells. The preflush and the mobilidade buffer are optional fluids.
3133micelle, deslocamento miscível, soap, tensão superficial, thermal recovery
3134None
3135None
3136--
3137cod
31381.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3139The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize reactive chemicals in a water system, typically determined by a standardized test procedure. COD is used to estimate the amount of a poluente in an efluente. Compare to procura bioquímica de oxigênio, BOD.
3140None
3141None
3142procura química de oxigênio
3143--
3144plugue de testemunho
31451.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3146A tampão, or sample, taken from a conventional testemunho for analysis. Core plugs are typically 1 in. to 1 1/2 in. [2.5 to 3.8 cm] in diameter and 1 in. to 2 in. [5 cm] long. Core plugs are ordinarily corte perpendicular to the axis of the testemunho or parallel to the axis, called horizontal and vertical plugs, respectively, when corte from a vertical parede do poço. The terms horizontal and vertical are often applied for cores corte from a deviated or horizontal parede do poço, even though they are not strictly correct unless testemunho orientation is measured and plugs are corte to the true in situ orientation.
3147routine análise de testemunho, sidewall testemunho, Testemunho inteiro
3148None
3149None
3150--
3151pressão capilar curve
31521.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3153The relationship describing the pressão capilar required to obtain a given fase não molhante saturação in a rocha. Rocks have a distribution of poro garganta sizes, so as more pressão is applied to the fase não molhante, increasingly smaller poro openings are invaded. The pressão capilar curve is important for understanding saturação distribution in the reservatório and affects embebição and multifásico fluid escoamento through the rocha.
3154molhabilidade
3155None
3156None
3157--
3158injeção de marcador químico
31591.n. [Production Logging]
3160A technique in which a golfada of material is introduced into the flowstream of a producing well to determine the vazão of one or more of the fluids. The marco has specific properties, such as high neutron captura seção transversal, that allow it to be detected by sensors of a produção ferramenta de perfilagem. Some markers are specifically designed to be soluble in only one fluid fase, so that they can be used to produce a phase-velocity perfil. The term refers to nonradioactive markers, in contrast to the more traditional radioactive markers, or tracers.
3161produção perfil, tracer, tracer medição
3162None
3163None
3164--
3165cofcaw
31661.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3167Abbreviation for a combination of combustão direta and injeção de água, also called wet combustion or in situsteamgeneration. COFCAW is an in situcombustion technique in which water is injected simultaneously or alternately with air intoa formação. Wet combustion actually refers to wet combustão direta and was developed to use the great amount of heat that would otherwise be lost in the formação. The injected water recovers the heat from behind the burning front and transfers it to theoil bankahead. Because of this additional energy, the óleo displacementis more efficient and requires less air. In spite of these advantages, a wet combustion process cannot avoid liquid-blocking problems and use of wet combustion is limited by the oilviscosity.
3168wet combustion
3169None
3170None
3171--
3172coreflooding
31731.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3174A laboratory test in which a fluid or combination of fluids is injected into a sample of rocha. Objectives include medição of permeabilidade, permeabilidade relativa, saturação change, dano da formação caused by the fluid injection, or interactions between the fluid and the rocha. The testemunho material often comes from an reservatório de óleo, but some tests use afloramento rocha. The fluid in place at the start of the test is typically either a simulated formação salmoura, óleo (either óleo cru or refined oil), or a combination of salmoura and óleo. Injected fluids may include óleo cru, simulated reservatório salmoura, refined fluids, lama de perfuração filtrado, acids, espuma or other chemicals used in the campo de petróleo. Depending on the purpose of the test, conditions may be either temperatura ambiente and low confining pressão or high temperature and pressão of a subject reservatório. Pressures and escoamento rates at both ends of the testemunho are measured, and the testemunho can also be investigated using other measurements such as ressonância nuclear magnética (NMR) during the test. A análise de testemunho por lavagem is typically used to determine the optimum development option for an reservatório de óleo and often helps evaluate the effect of injecting fluids specially designed to improve or enhance óleo recovery.
3175None
3176None
3177None
3178--
3179carbide lag test
31801.n. [Drilling]
3181A test performed by the mudlogger or wellsite geologist, used to calculate sample lag. The lag período can be measured as a function of time or bomba strokes. Acetylene is commonly used as a tracer gás for this purpose. This gás is generated by calcium carbide, a man-made product that reacts with water. Usually, a small paper packet containing calcium carbide is inserted into the drillstring when the haste quadrada is unscrewed from the tubo to make a connection, and the time is noted, along with the pump-stroke count on the lama bomba. Once the connection is made and perfuração resumes, the packet is pumped downhole with the fluido de perfuração. Along the way, the fluido de perfuração breaks down the paper and reacts with the calcium carbide. The resulting acetylene gás circulates with the fluido de perfuração until it reaches the surface, where it is detected at the armadilha de gás, causing a rapid increase or impulso unitário in gás readings. The time and pump-stroke count are again noted, and the amostras de calha sample lag interval is calculated.
3182cycle time, lag gás, retardo
3183None
3184None
3185--
3186procura química de oxigênio
31871.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3188The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize reactive chemicals in a water system, typically determined by a standardized test procedure. COD is used to estimate the amount of a poluente in an efluente. Compare to procura bioquímica de oxigênio, BOD.
3189None
3190None
3191COD
3192--
3193coerência
31941.n. [Geophysics]
3195A measure of the similarity of two seismic traces.
3196correlation, phantom, traço sísmico, semblance
3197None
3198None
3199--
3200coerência
32012.n. [Geophysics]
3202The quality of two wave trains, or waves consisting of several cycles, being in fase.
3203wave
3204None
3205None
3206--
3207coerência
32083.n. [Geophysics]
3209The similarity of two mathematical functions as evaluated in the domínio da freqüência.
3210correlação
3211None
3212None
3213--
3214coerência
32154.n. [Geophysics]
3216A quantitative assessment of the similarity of three or more functions, also called semblance.
3217None
3218None
3219None
3220--
3221testemunhagem fluid
32221.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3223A specially designed fluid that is used for cutting cores with a caroteiro(Port.) and broca de testemunhagem. Sometimes the fluid used is the lama de perfuração, but if cores are for special studies, the testemunhagem fluid must be carefully designed to avoid damaging or altering the rocha sample, such as a bland testemunhagem fluid.
3224bland testemunhagem fluid, testemunho, lama de perfuração, filtrado tracer
3225None
3226None
3227--
3228dióxido de carbono
32291.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3230The compound with the formula CO2. An odorless gás, dióxido de carbono [CO2] is widely distributed in nature and is a minor component of air. It is highly soluble in water and óleo, especially under pressão. In water, it occurs as carbonic ácido, a weak ácido that can donate one or two hidrogênio ions in neutralization reactions that produce bicarbonate [HCO3-] and carbonato [CO3-2] salts or ions. CO2, being an ácido in water, reacts instantly with NaOH or KOH in an alcalino water lama, forming carbonato and bicarbonate ions. Similarly, it reacts with Ca(OH)2 (lime) to form insoluble carbonato de cálcio and water.
3231carbonato ião (Port.), carbonato test, Dräger tube, Garrett Gas Train, gipsita, lime lama, pH, gás ácido
3232None
3233None
3234--
3235chemical potential
32361.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3237The change in the Gibbs free energy (G) of a system when an infinitesimally small amount of a component is added under constant pressão (P) and temperature (T) while keeping the massa of the other components of the system unchanged. Concentration variation within a system tends to drive a partícula along a gradient from higher to lower chemical potential (μ). Chemical potential can also be defined in terms of Helmholtz free energy (A) under conditions of constant volume (V) and temperature.Chemical potential equation:μi = (∂G / ∂Ni)T, P, Nj ≠ i
3238None
3239None
3240None
3241--
3242flexitubo
32431.n. [Drilling]
3244A long, continuous length of tubo wound on a bobine (Port.). The tubo is straightened prior to pushing into a parede do poço and rewound to coil the tubo back onto the transport and storage bobine (Port.). Depending on the tubo diameter (1 in. to 4-1/2 in.) and the bobine (Port.) size, flexitubo can varredura from 2,000 ft to 15,000 ft [610 to 4,570 m] or greater length.
3245flexitubo perfuração, obturador
3246endless tubo de produção, reeled tubo de produção
3247CT
3248--
3249flexitubo
32502.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3251A generic term relating to the use of a flexitubo coluna and associated equipment. As a well-intervention method, flexitubo techniques offer several key benefits over alternative well-intervention technologies. The ability to work safely under live well conditions, with a continuous coluna, enables fluids to be pumped at any time regardless of the position or direction of travel. This is a significant advantage in many applications. Installing an electrical conductor or hydraulic conduit further enhances the capability of a flexitubo coluna and enables relatively complex intervention techniques to be applied safely.
3252None
3253endless tubo de produção, reeled tubo de produção
3254CT
3255--
3256corrosão
32571.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3258The loss of metal due to chemical or electrochemical reactions, which could eventually destroy a structure.Corrosion can occur anywhere in the produção system, either at bottomhole or in surface lines and equipment. The taxa de corrosão will vary with time depending on the particular conditions of the campo de petróleo, such as the amount of water produced, recuperação secundária operations and pressão variations.
3259corrosão control, taxa de corrosão, recuperação secundária
3260None
3261None
3262--
3263carbonato
32641.n. [Geology]
3265A class of rocha sedimentar whose chief mineral constituents (95% or more) are calcita and aragonita (both CaCo3) and dolomito [CaMg(CO3)2], a mineral that can replace calcita during the process of dolomitization. Limestone, dolostone or dolomito, and giz are carbonato rocks. Although carbonato rocks can be clastic in origin, they are more commonly formed through processes of precipitation or the activity of organisms such as coral and algae. Carbonates form in shallow and deep marine settings, evaporitic basins, lakes and windy deserts. Carbonate rocks can serve as reservatório de hidrocarbonetos rocks, particularly if their porosidade has been enhanced through dissolução. They rely on fractures for permeabilidade.
3266chert, clastic sedimento, karst, micrite, reef, reservatório, siliciclástico sedimento, estilolito
3267None
3268None
3269--
3270carbonato
32712.adj. [Geology]
3272A group of minerals found mostly in calcário and dolostone that includes aragonita, calcita and dolomito. Calcite is the most abundant and important of the carbonato minerals.
3273dolomitization, evaporito, ácido húmico, micrite, reef, siderite, gás ácido
3274None
3275None
3276--
3277chemical wash
32781.n. [Well Completions]
3279A fluid, generally water-based, to thin and disperse lama in preparation for cimentação. The chemical wash is pumped ahead of the pasta de cimento to help ensure effective lama removal and efficient cimento placement. Other specialized chemical washes may be used in the remedial treatment of scales or parafina deposits in produção tubulars.
3280None
3281None
3282None
3283--
3284flexitubo completação
32851.n. [Well Completions]
3286A completação that utilizes flexitubo as the produção conduit, or as a means of conveying and installing completação equipment or components. Since the flexitubo coluna is continuous, problems associated with connections are avoided. Also, the pressure-control equipment used on flexitubo operations enables work to be safely conducted on live wells.
3287None
3288None
3289None
3290--
3291cupom de corrosão
32921.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3293A specimen of test material to be used in a corrosão test, usually a metal strip or ring shaped to fit into a testing cell or between joints of drillpipe. Rings, or coupons, are weighed before and after exposure, and weight loss is measured. They are also examined for pits and cracks. Corrosion products are analyzed to define the type of corrosão reaction.
3294anode, sulfito de hidrogênio, anodo de sacrifício, stress-corrosion cracking, sulfide scavenger
3295None
3296None
3297--
3298carbonato ião (Port.)
32991.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3300An anion with formula CO3-2. Carbonate chemistry involves a pH-dependent equilibrium between H2O, H+, OH-, CO2, HCO3- and CO3-2. At low pH, dióxido de carbono [CO2] dominates. As pH rises from acidic toward neutral, HCO3- ions dominate. As pH rises above neutral, CO3-2 ions dominate. If no component is lost from the system (such as CO2 gás evolving), changing pH up and down continually reverses the relative proportion of the carbonato species. Carbonates alvo exploratório several important roles in water lama chemistry. One role is the corrosão of metals by acidic CO2. A second is the formação of carbonato de cálcio [CaCO3] scale on surfaces by carbonato and calcium ião (Port.) reactions. Another role is in the chemistry of deflocculated lama, where bicarbonate ions prevent attachment of deflocculants such as lignosulfonato, onto argila edge charges.
3301alkalinity, buffered lama, calcium hydroxide, sulfato de cálcio, carbonato test, Garrett Gas Train, hydrolysis, lignito, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonato
3302None
3303None
3304--
3305injeção de marcador químico
33061.n. [Production Logging]
3307A technique in which a golfada of material is introduced into the flowstream of a producing well to determine the vazão of one or more of the fluids. The marco has specific properties, such as high neutron captura seção transversal, that allow it to be detected by sensors of a produção ferramenta de perfilagem. Some markers are specifically designed to be soluble in only one fluid fase, so that they can be used to produce a phase-velocity perfil. The term refers to nonradioactive markers, in contrast to the more traditional radioactive markers, or tracers.
3308produção perfil, tracer, tracer medição
3309None
3310None
3311--
3312perfuração com flexitubo
33131.n. [Drilling]
3314The use of flexitubo with downhole lama motors to turn the broca to deepen a parede do poço. Coiled tubo de produção operações de perfuração proceed quickly compared to using a perfuração com colunas sonda because connection time is eliminated during tripping. Coiled tubo de produção perfuração is economical in several applications, such as perfuração slimmer wells, areas where a small sonda pegada is essential, reentering wells and perfuração sub-balanceado.
3315coiled tubo de produção, motor de fundo, manobra, tripping tubo
3316None
3317None
3318--
3319inibidor de corrosão
33201.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3321A chemical aditivo used in ácido treatments to protect iron and steel components in the parede do poço and treating equipment from the corrosive treating fluid. Corrosion inhibitors generally are mixed with the treatment fluid and are formulated to be effective in protecting the metal components the fluid is likely to contact. This protection must remain effective under the anticipated pressão and temperature meio ambiente for the duration of the treatment.
3322treatment fluid
3323None
3324None
3325--
3326inibidor de corrosão
33272.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3328In matriz treatments, a chemical added to ácido that adsorbs on the tubo surface to form a protective film. This decreases the destructive reaction of ácido with metals. The inibidor does not completely stop the corrosão reaction, but it eliminates more than 99% of the metal losses that would occur if the inibidor were not present. The inibidor has little or no effect on the reaction rate of ácido with calcário, dolomito or acid-soluble minerals.Specific corrosão inhibitors are environmentally compatible, effective in sulfito de hidrogênio [H2S] environments, effective on high chrome steel, and effective on special steel alloys, such as flexitubo. These inhibitors may be used at temperatures approaching 500oF [260oC].
3329None
3330None
3331None
3332--
3333carbonato scale
33341.n. [Well Completions]
3335A common type of mineral jazida that is often found on parede do poço tubulars and components as the saturação of água produzida is affected by changing temperature and pressão conditions in the produção conduit. Carbonate scales have a high dissolução rate in common oilfield acids and generally can be effectively removed using ácido or chemical treatments. Scale inhibition techniques also may be used to prevent scale formação. In the majority of cases, scale prevention is simpler and more cost-effective than attempting a cure.
3336scale inibidor, scale removal, scale-inhibitor hesitação
3337None
3338None
3339--
3340sílex
33411.n. [Geology]
3342A rocha sedimentar and a variety of quartz made of extremely fine-grained, or criptocristalino, sílica, also called calcedônia. The sílica might be of orgânico origin, such as from the internal structures of sponges called spicules, or inorganic origin, such as precipitation from solução. The latter results in the formação of flint. Chert can form beds, but is more common as nodules in carbonato rocks.
3343calcário
3344None
3345cherty
3346--
3347flexitubo coluna
33481.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3349A continuous length of low-alloy carbon-steel tubo de produção that can be spooled on a reel for transport, then deployed into a parede do poço for the placement of fluids or manipulation of tools during restauração and well-intervention operations. The process of spooling and straightening a flexitubo coluna imparts a high degree of fadiga to the tube material. Therefore, a flexitubo coluna should be regarded as a consumable product with a finite service life. Predicting and managing the factors that affect the safe working life of a flexitubo coluna are key components of the string-management system necessary for ensuring safe and efficient flexitubo operations.
3350None
3351None
3352None
3353--
3354corrosão resistant alloy cra
33551.n. [Well Completions]
3356A specially formulated material used for completação components in wells likely to present corrosão problems. Corrosion-resistant alloys can be formulated for a wide varredura of aggressive parede do poço conditions. However, cost generally determines the viability of any particular completação design. Alloys with a high chrome content are commonly used for tubo de produção strings.
3357None
3358None
3359None
3360--
3361carboximetilcelulose
33621.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3363A drilling-fluid aditivo used primarily for fluid-loss control, manufactured by reacting natural celulose with monochloroacetic ácido and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] to form CMC sodium sal. Up to 20 wt % of CMC may be NaCl, a by-product of manufacture, but purified grades of CMC contain only small amounts of NaCl. To make CMC, OH groups on the glucose rings of celulose are ether-linked to carboxymethyl (-OCH2-COO-) groups. (Note the negative carga.) Each glucose ring has three OH groups capable of reaction, degree-of-substitution = 3. Degree of substitution determines water solubilidade and negativity of the polímero, which influences a CMC's effectiveness as a aditivo de lama. Drilling grade CMCs used in muds typically have degree-of-substitution around 0.80 to 0.96. Carboxymethylcellulose is commonly supplied either as low-viscosity ("CMC-Lo Vis") or high-viscosity ("CMC-Hi Vis") grades, both of which have API specifications. The viscosidade depends largely on the molecular weight of the starting celulose material.Reference:Hughes TL, Jones TG and Houwen OW: "The Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss," SPE Drilling & Completion 8, no. 3 (September 1993): 157-164.
3364bentonite, carbonato de cálcio, carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulosic polímero, emulsão lama, gyp lama, hydroxyethylcellulose, lime lama, polyanionic celulose, potassium lama, seawater lama
3365CMC
3366None
3367--
3368cherty
33691.adj. [Geology]
3370Containing sílex, asedimentaryrockand a variety ofquartzmade of extremely fine-grained, or criptocristalino,silica, also called calcedônia. The sílica might be of orgânico origin, such as from the internal structures of sponges called spicules, or inorganic origin, such asprecipitationfrom solução. The latter results in the formação of flint. Chert can form beds, but is more common as nodules in carbonaterocks.
3371calcário
3372None
3373None
3374--
3375cold óleo pesado produção with areia
33761.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery, Heavy Oil]
3377A non-thermal primary process for producing óleo pesado, also called CHOPS. In this method, continuous produção of areia improves the recovery of óleo pesado from the reservatório. There is both a theoretical basis and physical evidence that, in many cases, wormholes are formed in the inconsolidado areia reservatório, thereby increasing óleo productivity. In most cases, an elevação artificial system is used to lift the óleo with areia.
3378wormhole
3379None
3380CHOPS
3381--
3382cosolvent
33831.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3384A chemical used in small quantities to improve the effectiveness of a primary solvente in a chemical process.
3385None
3386None
3387None
3388--
3389carried working interest
33901.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
3391A working interest generally paid in consideration for work related to the prospecto. This interest is paid, or carried, for the perfuração and or completação costs as specified in the contrato de modernização e operação between the parties, by another working interest owner typically until revestimento point is reached, or through the tanks, meaning through completação of the well, as agreed upon contractually.
3392None
3393None
3394None
3395--
3396estrangulador manifolde
33971.n. [Drilling]
3398A set of high-pressure valves and associated piping that usually includes at least two adjustable chokes, arranged such that one estrangulador ajustável may be isolated and taken out of service for repair and refurbishment while well escoamento is directed through the other one.
3399linha de estrangulamento
3400None
3401None
3402--
3403estrangulador manifolde
34042.n. [Well Completions]
3405A manifolde assembly incorporating chokes, valves and pressão sensors used to provide control of escoamento back or treatment fluids.
3406treatment fluid
3407None
3408None
3409--
3410pressão de colapso
34111.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3412The pressão at which a tube, or vessel, will catastrophically deform as a result of differential pressão acting from outside to inside of the vessel or tube. The collapse-pressure rating of perfectly round tubo de produção is relatively high. However, when the tubo de produção is even slightly oval, the differential pressão at which the tube will colapso may be significantly reduced. This is an important factor in determining the operating limits of flexitubo strings since the action of spooling the coluna tends to induce some ovality.
3413flexitubo coluna
3414None
3415None
3416--
3417counterbalance weight
34181.n. [Production Testing]
3419Part of rod pumping unit. The counterbalance weight is installed on the end of the balancim, opposite to the end over the well, and counterbalances the weight of the sucker rods and the fluid being pumped.
3420rod bomba, rod unit, bomba de bombeamento mecânico
3421None
3422None
3423--
3424fluido carreador de propante
34251.n. [Well Completions]
3426A fluid that is used to transport materials into or out of the parede do poço. Carrier fluids typically are designed according to three main criteria: the ability to efficiently transport the necessary material (such as pack areia during a saibro pack), the ability to separate or release the materials at the correct time or place, and compatibility with other parede do poço fluids while being nondamaging to exposed formations.
3427None
3428None
3429None
3430--
3431chromate sal
34321.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3433A type of sal in which chromium atoms are in the plus-6 valência state, such as potassium chromate, K2CrO4. Chromium compounds of various types have been used in lignito and lignosulfonato and other lama additives to enhance thermal stability. Since the late 1970s, they are prohibited in muds to be discarded offshore and in other environmentally sensitive areas of the US.
3434chloride test, chrome lignito, chrome lignosulfonato, chrome-free, chromic sal, deflocculated lama, endpoint, indicador, redox, sodium chromate
3435None
3436None
3437--
3438colar locator
34391.n. [Well Completions]
3440A downhole tool or perfilagem device used to detect and track (log) revestimento or tubo de produção collars across a zone of interest, typically for correlação purposes. Most colar locators detect the anomalia magnética created by the massa of the steel colar and transmit a signal to surface-display and depth correlação equipment.
3441colar de revestimento locator (CCL)
3442None
3443None
3444--
3445luva
34461.n. [Geophysics]
3447The state of being attached to another entity: A well-planted geofone has a luva to the Earth's surface or to a poço de petróleo wall that allows it to record ground motion during acquisition of dado sísmico.
3448geophone, plant, transition zone, tube wave
3449None
3450None
3451--
3452luva
34532.n. [Geophysics]
3454An electrical or mechanical device that joins parts of systems and can affect the interaction of, or energy transfer between, parts of systems. Electrical couplings promote the passage of certain signals but prevent the passage of others, such as an corrente alternada luva that excludes corrente contínua.
3455signal
3456None
3457None
3458--
3459carrying capacity
34601.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3461The ability of a circulating fluido de perfuração to transport rocha fragments out of a parede do poço. Carrying capacity is an essential function of a fluido de perfuração, synonymous with hole-cleaning capacity and amostras de calha levantamento de petróleo (Port.). Carrying capacity is determined principally by the velocidade anular, poço de petróleo angle and escoamento profile of the fluido de perfuração, but is also affected by peso da lama, amostras de calha size and tubo position and movement.
3462Brookfield viscosímetro, amostras de calha, drill-in fluid, reologia, reologia modifier, saltwater lama, fluido inicial de perfuração, XC polímero
3463amostras de calha levantamento de petróleo (Port.), poço de petróleo cleaning
3464None
3465--
3466chrome free
34671.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
3468Pertaining to a aditivo de lama (usually lignosulfonato or lignite) that does not contain any chromium compounds.
3469None
3470None
3471chrome-free
3472--
3473colar perfil
34741.n. [Well Completions]
3475A perfil showing the depth or relative position of revestimento or tubo de produção collars that is used to correlate depth for depth-sensitive applications such as canhoneio or isolation treatments. Indications are provided by a colar locator tool and correlations are made with previous linha de base logs, such as the gamma raio perfil, or the revestimento or tubo de produção running tally prepared during the installation process.
3476None
3477None
3478None
3479--
3480coupon
34811.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3482An abbreviation for cupom de corrosão, a specimen of test material to be used in a corrosão test, usually a metal strip or ring shaped to fit into a testing cell or between joints of drillpipe. Rings, or coupons, are weighed before and after exposure, and weight loss is measured. They are also examined for pits and cracks. Corrosion products are analyzed to define the type of corrosão reaction.
3483anode, sulfito de hidrogênio, stress-corrosion cracking, sulfide scavenger
3484cupom de corrosão
3485None
3486--
3487coupon
34882.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3489An abbreviation for electrical coupon, an instrument used in acorrosiontest to determine metal loss. It directly measures the increase in resistance of a metal as itscross-sectionalarea is reduced by corrosão. At suitable times, once the readings are obtained, these numbers are converted into corrosão rates (mpy).An electricalcoupon is also called an electrical resistance probe.
3490None
3491None
3492None
3493--
3494revestimento
34951.n. [Drilling]
3496Large-diameter tubo lowered into an openhole and cemented in place. The well designer must design revestimento to withstand a variety of forces, such as colapso, burst, and tensile failure, as well as chemically aggressive brines. Most revestimento joints are fabricated with male threads on each end, and short-length revestimento couplings with female threads are used to join the individual joints of revestimento together, or joints of revestimento may be fabricated with male threads on one end and female threads on the other. Casing is run to protect água doce formations, isolate a zone of lost returns or isolate formations with significantly different pressão gradients. The operation during which the revestimento is put into the parede do poço is commonly called "running tubo." Casing is usually manufactured from plain aço-carbono that is heat-treated to varying strengths, but may be specially fabricated of aço inoxidável, aluminum, titanium, fiberglass and other materials.
3497box, salmoura, poço revestido, revestimento grade, diagrafia de cimento (Port.), concentric, day rate, substituição de fluido, float joint, float shoe, joint, pin, arranhador, turnkey
3498None
3499None
3500--
3501revestimento
35022.n. [Well Completions]
3503Steel tubo cemented in place during the construction process to stabilize the parede do poço. The revestimento forms a major structural component of the parede do poço and serves several important functions: preventing the formação wall from caving into the parede do poço, isolating the different formations to prevent the escoamento or crossflow of formação fluid, and providing a means of maintaining control of formação fluids and pressão as the well is drilled. The coluna de revestimento provides a means of securing pressão de superfície control equipment and downhole produção equipment, such as the perfuração preventor de erupção (BOP) or obturador de produção. Casing is available in a varredura of sizes and material grades.
3504BOP, revestimento grade, revestimento joint
3505None
3506None
3507--
3508chrome lignosulfonato
35091.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3510A lignosulfonato that has been treated by mixing or reacting into the molecular structure some form of chromium (either chromate or chromic salt). Although still used today in less environmentally sensitive areas, it has been replaced by iron or calcium lignosulfonates. Ferro-chrome lignosulfonato is a popular type of deflocculant that contains iron and chromium salts.
3511chromate sal, chrome lignito, chrome-free, conventional lama, ferro-chrome lignosulfonato
3512None
3513None
3514--
3515collector
35161.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3517The electrical device used on the axle of a bobine (Port.) or reel to provide electrical continuity between the rotating reel testemunho and the stationary reel chassis. When using a flexitubo coluna equipped with an electrical conductor, such as required during flexitubo perfilagem operations, a collector is fitted to the reel axle to allow connection of the surface data-acquisition equipment.
3518None
3519None
3520None
3521--
3522cpmg
35231.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
3524In a ressonância nuclear magnética (NMR) medição, referring to the cycle of radio frequência pulses designed by Carr, Purcell, Meiboom and Gill to produce pulse echoes and counteract desfasagem (Port.) due to magnetic field inhomogeneities. In the CPMG sequence, an initial radio frequência pulse is applied long enough to tip the protons into a plane perpendicular to the estática magnetic field (the 90o pulse). Initially the protons precess in unison, producing a large signal in the antenna, but then quickly dephase due to the inhomogeneities. Another pulse is applied, long enough to reverse their direction of precessão (the 180o pulse), and causing them to come back in fase again after a short time. Being in fase, they produce another strong signal called an echo. They quickly dephase again but can be rephased by another 180o pulse. Rephasing is repeated many times, while measuring the magnitude of each echo. This magnitude decreases with time due to molecular relaxação mechanisms surface, bulk and difusão. One medição typically may comprise many hundreds of echoes, while the time between each echo (the echo spacing) is of the order of 1 ms or less.Carr HY and Purcell EM: ?Effects of Diffusion on Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments,? Physical Review 94, no. 3 (1954): 630-638.Meiboom S and Gill D: ?Modified Spin-Echo Method for Measuring Nuclear Relaxation Times,? The Review of Scientific Instruments 29, no. 8 (1958): 688-691.
3525echo spacing, longitudinal relaxação, ressonância nuclear magnética, ressonância nuclear magnética medição, pulse-echo, T1, T2, transverse relaxação
3526None
3527None
3528--
3529revestimento bowl
35301.n. [Well Completions]
3531A cabeça de poço component or a profile formed in cabeça de poço equipment in which the suspensor de revestimento is located when a coluna de revestimento has been installed. The revestimento bowl incorporates features to secure and selo the upper end of the coluna de revestimento and frequently provides a port to enable communication with the ânulo.
3532None
3533None
3534revestimento bobine (Port.)
3535--
3536chrome tubo de produção
35371.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3538Tubing manufactured from an alloy containing a high proportion of chrome, typically greater than 13%. Chrome tubo de produção is classified as a liga resistente a corrosão (CRA) and is used where the parede do poço conditions or fluido do reservatório create a corrosive meio ambiente that conventional tubo de produção cannot safely withstand. Wells that produce sulfito de hidrogênio, and similar corrosive fluids, typically require chrome tubo de produção.
3539liga resistente a corrosão (CRA)
3540None
3541None
3542--
3543collision
35441.n. [Geology]
3545An interaction of lithospheric plates that can result in the formação of mountain belts and subduction zones. The collision of two plates of continental lithosphere, known as an A-type collision, can produce high mountains as rocks are folded, faulted and uplifted to accommodate the converging plates, as observed in the Alps and the Himalayas. B-type collisions, in which oceanic lithospheric plates collide with continental lithospheric plates, typically produce a zona de subducção where the relatively denser oceanic plate descends below the relatively lighter continental plate, as seen on the Pacific coast of South America.
3546convergence, terremoto, falta, fold, passive margin, plate tectonics, volcano
3547None
3548None
3549--
3550cracking
35511.n. [Heavy Oil]
3552The process of birrefringência a large hidrocarboneto pesado molecule into smaller, lighter components. The process involves very high temperature and pressão and can involve a chemical catalisador to improve the process efficiency.
3553None
3554None
3555None
3556--
3557centralizador de revestimento
35581.n. [Drilling]
3559A mechanical device that keeps revestimento from contacting the parede do poço wall. A continuous 360-degree espaço anular around revestimento allows cimento to completely selo the revestimento to the poço de petróleo wall. There are two distinct classes of centralizers. The older and more common is a simple, low-cost bow-spring design. Since the bow springs are slightly larger than the parede do poço, they can provide complete centralization in vertical or slightly deviated wells. However, they do not support the weight of the revestimento very well in deviated wellbores. The second type is a rigid blade design. This type is rugged and works well even in deviated wellbores, but since the centralizers are smaller than the parede do poço, they will not provide as bem centralization as bow-spring type centralizers in vertical wells. Rigid-blade revestimento centralizers are slightly more expensive and can cause trouble downhole if the parede do poço is not in excellent condition.
3560annulus, bow-spring centralizador, deviated poço de petróleo
3561None
3562None
3563--
3564chrome free
35651.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
3566Pertaining to a aditivo de lama (usually lignosulfonato or lignite) that does not contain any chromium compounds.
3567chromate sal, chrome lignito, chrome lignosulfonato, chromic sal, deflocculant
3568None
3569None
3570--
3571coloide
35721.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3573A finely divided, solid material, which when dispersed in a liquid medium, scatters a light beam and does not settle by gravity; such particles are usually less than 2 microns in diameter. Some fluido de perfuração materials become colloidal when used in a lama, such as bentonita argila, amido particles and many polymers. Oil muds contain colloidal emulsão droplets, organophilic clays and fatty-acid soap micelles.
3574anion, calcium contamination, argila estendedor, clay-water interaction, colloidal solids, colloidal suspensão, dispersão, hidratação, micela, óleo lama, oil-mud emulsionante, peptize, peptized argila, peptizing agent, polímero, prehydration, silte
3575None
3576None
3577--
3578cratão (Port.)
35791.n. [Geology]
3580A stable area of continental crust that has not undergone much plate tectonic or orogenic activity for a long período. A cratão (Port.) includes a cristalino basement of commonly Precambrian rocha called a shield, and a platform in which flat-lying or nearly flat-lying sediments or rocha sedimentar surround the shield. A commonly cited example of a cratão (Port.) is the Canadian Shield.
3581basement, orogeny, plate tectonics, platform, sedimentary
3582None
3583None
3584--
3585colar de revestimento locator ccl
35861.n. [Perforating, Well Completions]
3587A downhole tool used to confirm or correlate treatment depth using known reference points on the coluna de revestimento. The colar de revestimento locator is an electric ferramenta de perfilagem that detects the anomalia magnética caused by the relatively high massa of the colar de revestimento. A signal is transmitted to surface equipment that provides a tela display and printed perfil enabling the output to be correlated with previous logs and known revestimento features such as pup joints installed for correlação purposes.
3588None
3589None
3590None
3591--
3592churn escoamento
35931.n. [Well Completions, Production Logging]
3594Amultiphaseflow regimein near-vertical pipes in which large, irregular slugs of gás move up the center of the tubo, usually carrying droplets of óleo or water with them. Most of the remaining óleo or water flows up along the tubo walls.The escoamento is relatively chaotic, producing a frothy mixture. Unlikeslug escoamento, neither fase is continuous. The gás slugs are relatively unstable, and take on large, elongated shapes. Also known astransition escoamento, this escoamento is an intermediate escoamento condition between slugflow and mist escoamento, and occurs at relatively high gás velocity. As the gás velocity increases, it changes intoannular escoamento.
3595annular escoamento, bubble escoamento, regime de fluxo, escoamento structure, mist escoamento, multifásico fluid escoamento, golfada, escoamento em golfadas
3596transition escoamento
3597None
3598--
3599churn escoamento
36002.n. [Production Logging]
3601A escoamento multifásico regime in near-vertical pipes in which large, irregular slugs of gás move up the center of the tubo, usually carrying droplets of óleo or water with them. Most of the remaining óleo or water flows up along the tubo walls. Unlike escoamento em golfadas, neither fase is continuous. The gás slugs are relatively unstable, and take on large, elongated shapes. Churn escoamento occurs at relatively high gás velocity and is similar to escuma escoamento. As the gás velocity increases, it changes into escoamento anular.
3602bubble escoamento, escoamento structure, mist escoamento
3603None
3604None
3605--
3606colloidal
36071.adj. [Drilling Fluids]
3608Referring to a finely divided, solid material, which when dispersed in a liquid medium scatters a light beam and does not settle bygravity; such particles are usually less than 2 microns in diameter. Somedrilling fluidmaterials such asbentoniteclay,starchparticles and many polymers becomecolloidal when used in amud. Oil muds contain colloidalemulsiondroplets,organophilicclays and fatty-acid soapmicelles.
3609alum, clay-water interaction, coloide, colloidal solids, micela, óleo lama, oil-mud emulsionante, peptizing agent, polímero, prehydration
3610None
3611None
3612--
3613ângulo crítico
36141.n. [Geophysics]
3615The ângulo de incidência according to Snell's law at which a refracted wave travels along the interface between two media. It can be quantified mathematically as follows:sin θc = V1 / V2,whereθc = the critical angleV1 = velocity of the first mediumV2 = velocity of the first medium, which is greater than V1.
3616angle of incidence, reflexão crítica, onda frontal, refraction, refrator, Snell's law
3617None
3618None
3619--
3620diagrafia de luvas de revestimento (Port.)
36211.n. [Perforating, Well Completions]
3622A perfil provided by a colar de revestimento locator tool that generally incorporates a gamma raio perfil to correlate the relative position of coluna de revestimento features, such as the location of a tubo curto, with the reservatório or formação of interest.
3623colar de revestimento locator (CCL)
3624None
3625None
3626--
3627circle shooting
36281.n. [Geophysics]
3629A technique for acquiring full-azimuth marine dado sísmico. This technique uses a vessel equipped with source arrays and streamers to shoot and record seismic data; however, unlike conventional surveys acquired in a series of parallel straight lines, circle shooting surveys are acquired as the vessel steams in a series of overlapping, continuously linked circles, or coils. The circular shooting geometry acquires a full varredura of distância data across every azimute to sample the geologia de subsuperfície in all directions. The resulting full azimute (FAZ) data are used to image complex geology, such as highly faulted strata, basalto, carbonato reefs and subsalt formations.
3630acquisition, domo de sal
3631None
3632None
3633--
3634colloidal solids
36351.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3636Solid particles of size less than 2 microns equivalent spherical diameter, also identified as argila by definitions in International Standards Organization ISO/CD 13501, par. 3.1.17. Because of extremely small size, these solids largely defy direct removal by mechanical devices that rely on screening or gravitational forces. Their removal is aided by chemical aggregation prior to gravity separation or filtração.
3637acrylamide polímero, acrylamide-acrylate polímero, acrylate polímero, Bingham plastic model, argila estendedor, clay-water interaction, clear-water perfuração, closed lama system, coloide, dispersão, dispersão, fines, gel, gelled-up lama, gumbo, native-solids lama, viscosidade plástica, prehydrated bentonita, reserve-mud pit, siderite, silicato lama, esmectita argila, wastewater cleanup, water clarification
3638None
3639None
3640--
3641critical damping
36421.n. [Geophysics]
3643The minimum damping that will prevent or stop oscillation in the shortest amount of time, typically associated with oscillatory systems like geophones. Critical damping is symbolized by μc.
3644damping, geofone
3645None
3646None
3647--
3648revestimento completação
36491.n. [Well Completions]
3650A completação configuration in which a revestimento de produção coluna is set across the intervalo de reservatório and perforated to allow communication between the formação and parede do poço. The revestimento performs several functions, including supporting the surrounding formação under produção conditions, enabling control of fluid produção through selective canhoneado and allowing subsequent or remedial isolation by packers, plugs or special treatments.
3651conductor tubo, revestimento intermediário, obturador, perforated interval, revestimento de produção, selective canhoneio, revestimento de superfície
3652None
3653Antonyms:openhole completação
3654--
3655circulate
36561.vb. [Drilling]
3657To bomba fluid through the whole active fluid system, including the poço de petróleo and all the surface tanks that constitute the primary system.
3658bottomhole temperatura de circulação, break circulação, circulação, pack off
3659None
3660None
3661--
3662colloidal suspensão
36631.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3664A finely divided, solid material dispersed in a liquid medium. The solid particles scatter a light beam and do not settle bygravity; they are usually less than 2 microns in diameter. Somedrilling fluidmaterials such asbentoniteclay,starchparticles and many polymers become colloidal when used in amud. Oil muds contain colloidalemulsiondroplets,organophilicclays and fatty-acid soapmicelles.
3665coloide
3666None
3667None
3668--
3669reflexão crítica
36701.n. [Geophysics]
3671A reflection, typically at a large angle, that occurs when the ângulo de incidência and the angle of reflection of a wave are equal to the ângulo crítico.
3672angle of incidence, ângulo crítico, reflection
3673None
3674None
3675--
3676revestimento grade
36771.n. [Drilling]
3678A system of identifying and categorizing the strength of revestimento materials. Since most oilfield revestimento is of approximately the same chemistry (typically steel), and differs only in the heat treatment applied, the grading system provides for standardized strengths of revestimento to be manufactured and used in wellbores. The first part of the nomenclature, a letter, refers to the tensile strength. The second part of the designation, a number, refers to the minimum yield strength of the metal (after heat treatment) at 1000 psi [6895 KPa]. For example, the revestimento grade J-55 has minimum yield strength of 55,000 psi [379,211 KPa]. The revestimento grade P-110 designates a higher strength tubo with minimum yield strength of 110,000 psi [758,422 KPa]. The appropriate revestimento grade for any application typically is based on pressão and corrosão requirements. Since the well designer is concerned about the tubo yielding under various loading conditions, the revestimento grade is the number that is used in most calculations. High-strength revestimento materials are more expensive, so a coluna de revestimento may incorporate two or more revestimento grades to optimize costs while maintaining adequate mechanical performance over the length of the coluna. It is also important to note that, in general, the higher the yield strength, the more susceptible the revestimento is to trinca por sulfito (H2S-induced cracking). Therefore, if H2S is anticipated, the well designer may not be able to use tubulars with strength as high as he or she would like.
3679revestimento coluna, float shoe, sulfito de hidrogênio
3680None
3681None
3682--
3683circulate out
36841.vb. [Drilling]
3685To bomba the fluido de perfuração until a sample from the bottom of the poço de petróleo reaches the surface. This is commonly performed when perfuração has ceased so that the wellsite geologist may collect a amostras de calha sample from the formação being drilled, or when the driller suspects that a small amount of gás has entered the parede do poço. Thus, by circulating out, the bolha de gás is eased out of the parede do poço safely.
3686fluido de perfuração
3687None
3688None
3689--
3690combination coluna
36911.n. [Drilling]
3692Another term for a tapered string: a coluna of drillpipe or revestimento that consists of two or more sizes or weights. In most tapered strings, a larger diameter tubo or revestimento is placed at the top of the parede do poço and the smaller size at the bottom. Note that since the tubo is put into the well bottom first, the smaller tubo is run into the poço de petróleo first, followed by the larger diameter. Other than the different sizes, which are usually chosen to optimize well economics, there is nothing distinctive about the tubo sections. However, pipe-handling tools must be available for each tubo size, not just one size, as is the typical case.
3693None
3694tapered coluna
3695None
3696--
3697poço tortuoso
36981.n. [Drilling]
3699Antiquated term for a deviated parede do poço, usually used to describe a well deviated accidentally during the perfuração process.
3700deviated poço de petróleo, furo direcional
3701None
3702None
3703--
3704canhão
37051.n. [Perforating]
3706A canhoneio gun assembly designed to be used in a parede do poço before the produção tubulars or completação equipment have been installed, thus allowing access for a larger diameter gun assembly. Casing guns are typically 3- to 5-in. In diameter and carry up to four canhoneio charges per foot.
3707carrier gun, canhoneio carga, canhoneado densidade, shaped carga
3708None
3709None
3710--
3711circulação device
37121.n. [Well Completions]
3713A completação component, generally included in the lower assembly near the obturador, that allows communication between the tubo de produção and ânulo. Circulation devices enable the circulação of fluids for well control or profundidade de início de desvio purposes.
3714camisa deslizante
3715None
3716None
3717--
3718ponto comum em profundidade
37191.n. [Geophysics]
3720In multichannel seismic acquisition where beds do not mergulho de camadas geológicas, the common reflection point at depth on a reflector, or the halfway point when a wave travels from a source to a reflector to a receiver. In the case of flat layers, the ponto comum em profundidade is vertically below the ponto médio comum. In the case of dipping beds, there is no ponto comum em profundidade shared by múltipla sources and receivers, so mergulho de camadas geológicas sobretempo processing is necessary to reduce smearing, or inappropriate mixing, of the data.
3721channel, depth point, mergulho de camadas geológicas, fold, velocidade de empilhamento
3722None
3723CDP
3724--
3725dipolo cruzado
37261.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
3727Describing a forma de onda or a perfil that has been recorded by a set of dipolo receivers oriented orthogonally (or 900 out of line) with a dipolo transmissor. In sonic perfilagem, cross-dipole flexural modes are used to determine shear anisotropia together with in-line flexural modes. The data are processed using the rotação de Alford.
3728Alford rotation, sônico em arranjo, dipolo cruzado, perfil sônico
3729None
3730None
3731--
3732suspensor de revestimento
37331.n. [Well Completions]
3734The subassembly of a cabeça de poço that supports the coluna de revestimento when it is run into the parede do poço. The suspensor de revestimento provides a means of ensuring that the coluna is correctly located and generally incorporates a sealing device or system to isolate the revestimento ânulo from upper cabeça de poço components.
3735cabeça de poço
3736None
3737None
3738--
3739circulação loss
37401.n. [Drilling]
3741The loss of fluido de perfuração to a formação, usually caused when the carga hidrostática pressão of the column of fluido de perfuração exceeds the pressão da formação. This loss of fluid may be loosely classified as seepage losses, partial losses or catastrophic losses, each of which is handled differently depending on the risco to the sonda and personnel and the economics of the fluido de perfuração and each possible solução.
3742pressão hidrostática
3743None
3744perda de retorno do fluido
3745--
3746ponto médio comum
37471.n. [Geophysics]
3748In multichannel seismic acquisition, the point on the surface halfway between the source and receiver that is shared by numerous source-receiver pairs. Such redundancy among source-receiver pairs enhances the quality of dado sísmico when the data are stacked. The ponto médio comum is vertically above the ponto comum em profundidade, or common reflection point. Common midpoint is not the same as ponto comum em profundidade, but the terms are often incorrectly used as synonyms.
3749bin, empilhamento de teste, canal, ponto médio comum method, fold, gather, reflector, pilha, análise de velocidade
3750None
3751CMP
3752--
3753seção transversal
37541.n. [Geology]
3755A diagram of a seção vertical through a volume, as opposed to the surface, "bird's eye," or plan view of a map. Cross sections are useful for displaying the types and orientations of subsurface structures and formations.
3756fence diagram, lithostratigraphy
3757None
3758None
3759--
3760seção transversal
37612.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3762Constant of proportionality relating the fração of incident particles that undergo an interaction to the thickness and number of target atoms within a material, and the incident fluxo. It is a measure of the probability of an interaction. The microscopic seção transversal has units of area per interacting átomo. The macroscopic seção transversal, which is the product of the microscopic seção transversal and the number of particles per unit volume, has units of inverse length. Cross sections for most reactions are determined experimentally and depend on the type of interaction, the material and the energy of the incident partícula.
3763Compton espalhamento, pair produção, efeito fotelétrico
3764None
3765None
3766--
3767perfil de inspeção de revestimento
37681.n. [Production Logging]
3769An in situ record of revestimento thickness and integridade, to determine whether and to what extent the revestimento has undergone corrosão. The term refers to an individual medição, or a combination of measurements using acoustic, electrical and mechanical techniques, to evaluate the revestimento thickness and other parameters. The perfil is usually presented with the basic measurements and an estimate of metal loss. It was first introduced in the early 1960s. Today the terms casing-evaluation perfil and pipe-inspection perfil are used synonymously.
3770casing-potential profile, eddy-current medição
3771None
3772None
3773--
3774circulação sub
37751.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3776A downhole tool typically used with motors or assemblies that restrict the allowable fluid-circulation rates. When operated, the circulação sub allows a higher taxa de circulação to be established by opening a path to the ânulo in the top section of the tool coluna. This is especially useful in applications such as perfuração in slim-diameter wells, where a higher taxa de circulação may be necessary to effect bem amostras de calha transport and poço de petróleo cleaning before the coluna is retrieved.
3777slimhole well
3778None
3779None
3780--
3781communitization
37821.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
3783The combining of smaller federal tracts of land to total the área medida em acres required by the US Bureau of Land Management and/or state regulations to form a legal spacing and proration unit.
3784pooling, spacing unit, unitization
3785None
3786None
3787--
3788crossflow
37891.n. [Drilling]
3790The escoamento of fluid across the bottom of the broca after it exits the broca nozzles, strikes the bottom or sides of the poço de petróleo and turns upwards to the ânulo. Modern, well-designed bits maximize crossflow using an asymmetric jato de broca arrangement.
3791broca jato de broca
3792None
3793None
3794--
3795crossflow
37962.n. [Drilling]
3797The escoamento of reservatório fluids from one zone to another. Crossflow can occur when a lost returns evento is followed by a well control evento. The higher pressured fluido do reservatório flows out of the formação, travels along the parede do poço to a lower pressured formação, and then flows into the lower pressão formação.
3798annulus, refluxo, broca jato de broca, lost returns, well control
3799None
3800None
3801--
3802crossflow
38033.n. [Well Completions]
3804A condition that exists when two produção zones with dissimilar pressão characteristics are allowed to communicate during produção. Reservoir fluid from the high-pressure zone will escoamento preferentially to the low-pressure zone rather than up the produção conduit unless the produção parameters are closely controlled.
3805None
3806None
3807None
3808--
3809revestimento joint
38101.n. [Well Completions]
3811A length of steel tubo, generally around 40 ft [13 m] long with a threaded connection at each end. Casing joints are assembled to form a coluna de revestimento of the correct length and specification for the parede do poço in which it is installed.
3812revestimento
3813None
3814None
3815--
3816circulação system
38171.n. [Drilling]
3818The complete, circuitous path that the fluido de perfuração travels. Starting at the main sonda pumps, major components include surface piping, the tubo bengala, the mangueira do haste quadrada (rotary), the haste quadrada, the drillpipe, drill collars, broca nozzles, the various annular geometries of the openhole and revestimento strings, the niple sino, the flowline, the mud-cleaning equipment, the lama tanks, the centrifugal precharge pumps and, finally, the positive substituição de fluido main sonda pumps.
3819broca jato de broca, coluna de revestimento, bomba centrífuga, comando de perfuração, haste quadrada, positive-displacement bomba, surface tubo
3820None
3821None
3822--
3823company man
38241.n. [Drilling]
3825The representative of the óleo company or operador on a perfuração location. For land operations, the company man is responsible for operational issues on the location, including the safety and efficiency of the project. Even administrative managers are expected to respond to the direction of the company man when they are on the rigsite. Offshore, depending on the regulatory requirements, there may be an offshore installation manager, who supervises the company man on safety and vessel integridade issues, but not on operational issues.
3826perfuração foreman, toolpusher
3827company representative
3828None
3829--
3830crosslinker
38311.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3832A compound, typically a metallic sal, mixed with a base-gel fluid, such as a guar-gel system, to create a viscoso gel used in some stimulation or conduta (Port.) cleaning treatments. The crosslinker reacts with the multiple-strand polímero to couple the molecules, creating a fluid of high, but closely controlled, viscosidade. Treatments using crosslinkers should take account of the conditions needed to break the gel structure to ensure satisfactory cleanup and disposal.
3833None
3834None
3835None
3836--
3837diagrafia de potencial do revestimento (Port.)
38381.n. [Production Logging]
3839An in situ perfil of the electrical potential on the inner wall of a revestimento. The perfil is used to identify intervals that are susceptible to corrosão. A negative talude in the profile indicates a zone in which current is leaving the revestimento and therefore acting as an anodo. Such zones are susceptible to corrosão. The perfil was first introduced in the early 1960s. Modern logs are recorded with the tool stationary, and measure the potential difference and revestimento resistance between several pairs of sensors pushed against the revestimento wall, and between sensors and surface.The perfil is usually represented with revestimento resistance and revestimento axial current. Sharp increases in revestimento resistance can indicate corroded zones or even holes in the revestimento. Decreasing axial current with depth indicates a corroding region.
3840casing-inspection perfil
3841None
3842None
3843--
3844tempo de circulação
38451.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3846The elapsed time formudtocirculatefrom the suction pit, down the parede do poço and back to surface. Circulation time allows the químico de fluidos to catch "in" and "out" samples that accurately represent the same elemento of lama in a circulating system. Circulation time is calculated from the estimated poço de petróleo volume and bomba rate and can be checked by using tracers such as carbide or rice granules.
3847lag time, químico de fluidos, lama tracer, mud-in sample, mud-out sample, suction pit
3848tempo de ciclo
3849None
3850--
3851company representative
38521.n. [Drilling]
3853The representative of the óleo company or operador on a perfuração location. For land operations, the company man is responsible for operational issues on the location, including the safety and efficiency of the project. Even administrative managers are expected to respond to the direction of the company man when they are on the rigsite. Offshore, depending on the regulatory requirements, there may be an offshore installation manager, who supervises the company man on safety and vessel integridade issues, but not on operational issues.
3854perfuração foreman, toolpusher
3855company man
3856None
3857--
3858crossplot
38591.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
3860A two-dimensional plot with one variable scaled in the vertical (Y) direction and the other in the horizontal (X) axis. The scales are usually linear but may be other functions, such as logarithmic. Additional dimensions may be represented by using color or symbols on the data points. These plots are common tools in the interpretation of petrophysical and engenharia consultiva data.
3861None
3862None
3863None
3864--
3865pressão no revestimento
38661.n. [Well Completions]
3867A term used in well-control operations, typically during the perfuração or restauração phases of a well, to describe the pressão in the drillpipe or tubo de produção ânulo.
3868well control
3869None
3870None
3871--
3872circulação valve
38731.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3874A downhole device that enables circulação through the coluna de tubo de produção and associated ânulo. As a completação accessory, a circulação valve is included to circulate fluid for well kill or profundidade de início de desvio. Circulation valves typically are operated by slickline tools and are generally capable of several opening and closing cycles before requiring service.
3875None
3876unloading valve
3877None
3878--
3879compatibility
38801.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
3881In matriz stimulation, a characteristic of rocha that indicates formação permeabilidade is not reduced when treating fluids and their additives contact the formação minerals or fluids inside the reservatório.Compatibility is especially important in arenito treatments, in which potentially damaging reactions may occur. The treatment fluid should remove existing damage without creating additional damage, such as precipitates or emulsions, through interactions with the formação rocha or fluids.
3882fluid compatibility test, sensibilidade
3883None
3884None
3885--
3886porosidade de gráfico cruzado
38871.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3888The porosidade obtained by plotting two porosidade logs against each other, normally densidade and neutron porosidade. The computation assumes a particular fluid, usually água doce, and particular response equations. The result is largely independent of litologia and is often a more reliable estimate of porosidade than a single porosidade perfil. It is often displayed as a quicklook perfil.
3889apparent matriz, água doce, neutron porosidade
3890None
3891None
3892--
3893descolapsador de revestimento
38941.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3895A heavy-duty downhole tool used to restore the internal diameter of collapsed or buckled revestimento. Casing rollers generally are configured with an incremental series of rollers that act to gradually form the damaged revestimento to the desired size. Depending on the degree of damage and the requirement for parede do poço access below the site of damage, the diâmetro nominal of the descolapsador de revestimento and repaired parede do poço may be significantly less than the nominal diâmetro de passagem of the original coluna de revestimento.
3896None
3897None
3898None
3899--
3900citric ácido
39011.n. [Drilling Fluids]
3902An ácido orgânico, properly called 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic ácido, with formula C6H8O7. Citric ácido is used to reduce the pH of perfuração fluids and hence for treatment of cimento contamination. It also acts as a polímero estabilizador.
3903chelating agent, fluido de perfuração, sulfide
3904None
3905None
3906--
3907diagrafia de densidade compensada (Port.)
39081.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3909A perfil de densidade that has been corrected for the effect of lama and mudcake by using two or more detectors at different spacings from the source. The shorter the spacing, the shallower the profundidade de investigação and the larger the effect of the mudcake. Thus, a short spaced detector, which is very sensitive to the mudcake, can be used to correct a long-spaced detector, which is only slightly sensitive to it.In a typical two-detector compensation scheme, the densidade measured by the longest spacing detector is corrected by an amount, delta rho, which is a function of the difference between long- and short-spacing densities. The correction is found to depend on the difference between formação and mudcake densidade multiplied by mudcake thickness. Although there are three unknowns, simple functions are reliable for moderate corrections. Experimental results are often presented in the form of a spine and ribs plot. There are other schemes using, for example, more detectors. Dual detector densidade logs were introduced in the mid 1960s.
3910azimutal densidade, densidade medição, efeito fotelétrico
3911None
3912None
3913--
3914bloco de coroamento
39151.n. [Drilling]
3916The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves) located at the top of the torre de perfuração or mast, over which the perfuração line is threaded. The companion blocks to these pulleys are the traveling blocks. By using two sets of blocks in this fashion, great mechanical advantage is gained, enabling the use of relatively small perfuração line (3/4 to 1 1/2 in. diameter steel cable) to hoist loads many times heavier than the cable could support as a single strand.
3917block, drawworks, mast, sheave, slip-and-cut, traveling bloco
3918None
3919None
3920--
3921arranhador
39221.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
3923A downhole tool incorporating a blade assembly that is used to remove scale and debris from the internal surface of a coluna de revestimento. Generally run on tubo de produção or drillpipe, revestimento scrapers are routinely used during restauração operations to ensure that the parede do poço is clean before reinstalling the completação coluna.
3924None
3925None
3926None
3927--
3928estação de transferência de custódia
39291.n. [Production]
3930The metering and pressure-reducing estação where gás is transferred from a high-pressure cross-country transmissão line to a low-pressure distribution piping system, usually within a city.
3931None
3932None
3933None
3934--
3935perfil neutrônico compensado
39361.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3937A neutron porosidade perfil in which the effects of the poço de petróleo meio ambiente are minimized by using two detectors. In the most common technique, the two source-detector spacings are chosen so that the ratio of the two count rates is relatively independent of the poço de petróleo meio ambiente. This ratio is then calibrado (Port.) in terms of porosidade in a known formação and poço de petróleo meio ambiente typically with the tool placed against the side of an 8-in. [20-cm] poço de petróleo in a calcário bloco, both filled with água doce at surface temperature and pressão. The response is also determined at different porosities and in sandstones, dolomites and other poço de petróleo environments. Correction factors are developed to convert the measured perfil to the condições-padrão.The source and detectors are not azimuthally focused. Wireline tools are run eccentralized against the poço de petróleo wall. Since the neutrons emitted into the lama are strongly attenuated, the resulting perfil is effectively focused into the formação. Measurements-while-drilling tools will normally be unfocused since they are centralized unless the poço de petróleo is overgauge.The resolução vertical is about 2 ft [0.6 m], but can be improved by processamento alfa.
3938chemical neutron source, epithermal neutron porosidade medição, calcário porosidade unit, limestone-compatible scale, thermal neutron porosidade medição, resolução vertical
3939None
3940None
3941--
3942crushed zone
39431.n. [Drilling]
3944The rubblized rocha just below the tooth of a rocha broca. Rock in the crushed zone fails due to the high compressive tensão placed on it by the broca tooth (in the case of a roller-cone bit). The effective creation of and removal of crushed zone rocha is important to the efficiency of the broca de perfuração. If the rocha is not broken and removed efficiently, the result is akin to effectively perfuração the poço de petróleo twice.
3945broca de cones
3946None
3947None
3948--
3949crushed zone
39502.n. [Perforating, Well Completions]
3951The rubblized or zona danificada surrounding a canhoneado tunnel where the action of the canhoneio carga or bullet has altered the formação structure and permeabilidade. Although it is generally damaging to produção, the severity or extent of the crushed zone depend greatly on the characteristics of the formação, the canhoneio carga and the underbalance or sobrepressão conditions at time of canhoneio. Measures to reduce the effect of the crushed zone include canhoneio sub-balanceado in which the crushed zone and canhoneio debris are flushed from the canhoneio tunnel by the fluido do reservatório as soon as the canhoneado is created. Where sobrebalanceado canhoneio techniques are used, it may be necessary to acidificar the crushed zone to achieve maximum productivity from the perforated interval.
3952overbalance, underbalance
3953None
3954None
3955--
3956revestimento shoe
39571.n. [Drilling]
3958The bottom of the coluna de revestimento, including the cimento around it, or the equipment run at the bottom of the coluna de revestimento.
3959bullhead, float shoe, tampão and abandon
3960shoe
3961None
3962--
3963revestimento shoe
39642.n. [Drilling]
3965A short assembly, typically manufactured from a heavy steel colar and profiled cimento interior, that is screwed to the bottom of a coluna de revestimento. The rounded profile helps guide the coluna de revestimento past any ledges or obstructions that would prevent the coluna from being correctly located in the parede do poço.
3966float shoe, guide shoe
3967shoe
3968None
3969--
3970classical modelagem de reservatório
39711.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
3972A conventional method of mapping reservatório parameters in two dimensions, x and y. The resulting map set usually includes the top and bottom structure map derived from seismic and well data and that are used to generate thickness maps, in addition to maps of other geological and petrophysical parameters produced by padrão interpolation techniques. These techniques are appropriate for describing reservoirs that are reasonably continuous and not too heterogeneous. They are usually much faster than full 3D techniques or geostatistical methods, but may be inaccurate when applied to description of complex, heterogeneous strata.
3973None
3974None
3975None
3976--
3977diagrafia de densidade compensada (Port.)
39781.n. [Formation Evaluation]
3979A perfil de densidade that has been corrected for the effect of lama and mudcake by using two or more detectors at different spacings from the source. The shorter the spacing, the shallower the profundidade de investigação and the larger the effect of the mudcake. Thus, a short spaced detector, which is very sensitive to the mudcake, can be used to correct a long-spaced detector, which is only slightly sensitive to it.In a typical two-detector compensation scheme, the densidade measured by the longest spacing detector is corrected by an amount, delta rho, which is a function of the difference between long- and short-spacing densities. The correction is found to depend on the difference between formação and mudcake densidade multiplied by mudcake thickness. Although there are three unknowns, simple functions are reliable for moderate corrections. Experimental results are often presented in the form of a spine and ribs plot. There are other schemes using, for example, more detectors. Dual detector densidade logs were introduced in the mid 1960s.
3980azimutal densidade, densidade medição, efeito fotelétrico
3981None
3982None
3983--
3984crust
39851.n. [Geology]
3986The thin, outermost camada dura of the Earth that is typically 5 km to 75 km thick [3 to 46 miles]. The continental crust comprises rocks similar in composition to granito and basalto (i.e., quartz, feldspar, biotite, anfibólio and pyroxene) whereas the composition of crosta oceânica is basáltico (pyroxene and feldspar). The crust overlies the more dense rocha of the mantle, which consists of rocks composed of minerals like pyroxene and olivine, and the iron and nickel testemunho of the Earth. The Mohorovicic descontinuidade abruptly separates the crust from the mantle; the velocity of compressional waves is significantly higher below the descontinuidade. The crust, mantle and testemunho of the Earth are distinguished from the lithosphere and asthenosphere on the basis of their composition and not their mechanical behavior.
3987diagenesis, flower structure, falha de crescimento, midoceanic ridge, Mohorovicic descontinuidade, normal falta, reverse falta, rifte, bacia sedimentar, structure, subsidence, thrust falta, transpression, transtension
3988None
3989None
3990--
3991revestimento shoe test
39921.n. [Well Completions]
3993A pressão test applied to the formação directly below a revestimento shoe. The test is generally conducted soon after perfuração resumes after an revestimento intermediário coluna has been set. The purpose of the test is to determine the maximum pressures that may be safely applied without the risco of formação breakdown. The results of the test are used to design the programa de lama for the subsequent poço de petróleo section and to set safe limits on revestimento shut-in or estrangulador pressures for well-control purposes.
3994coluna de revestimento
3995None
3996None
3997--
3998clastic intrusão
39991.n. [Geology]
4000Structures formed by sedimento injection. Because they resemble intrusivo and extrusive igneous features, much of the vocabulary for describing clastic intrusions, or injectites, comes from igneous geology. Sills are emplaced parallel to acamamento, whereas dikes corte through acamamento. The strata containing the intrusão are called host strata and the layers that feed the intrusão are the parent beds. Sand-injection features exhibit size scales from millimeters to kilometers, and have been seen in cores, poço de petróleo image logs, seismic sections, outcrops, aerial photographs and satellite images.
4001seismite
4002None
4003injectite
4004--
4005CASAM
40061.n. [Well Completions]
4007A solids-free liquid used to "complete" an óleo or poço de gás. This fluid is placed in the well to facilitate final operations prior to initiation of produção, such as pega screens produção liners, packers, downhole valves or shooting perforations into the producing zone. The fluid is meant to control a well should downhole hardware fail, without damaging the producing formação or completação components. Completion fluids are typically brines (chlorides, bromides and formates), but in theory could be any fluid of proper densidade and escoamento characteristics. The fluid should be chemically compatible with the reservatório formação and fluids, and is typically filtered to a high degree to avoid introducing solids to the near-wellbore area. Seldom is a regular fluido de perfuração suitable for completação operations due to its solids content, pH and ionic composition. Drill-in fluids can, in some cases, be suitable for both purposes.
4008brine, carbonato de cálcio, carboxymethyl amido, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cesium acetate, cesium formate, drill-in fluid, formate, dano da formação, revestimento tipo liner, obturador
4009None
4010None
4011--
4012cristalização temperature
40131.n. [Well Completions]
4014The temperature at which crystals will appear in a salmoura solução of a given densidade as it cools. In preparing oilfield brines, the cristalização temperature can be used to indicate the maximum saturação (density) achievable for a salmoura solução at a given temperature.
4015salmoura
4016None
4017None
4018--
4019coluna de revestimento
40201.n. [Drilling]
4021An assembled length of steel tubo configured to suit a specific parede do poço. The sections of tubo are connected and lowered into a parede do poço, then cemented in place. The tubo joints are typically approximately 40 ft [12 m] in length, male threaded on each end and connected with short lengths of double-female threaded tubo called couplings. Long revestimento strings may require higher strength materials on the upper portion of the coluna to withstand the coluna load. Lower portions of the coluna may be assembled with revestimento of a greater wall thickness to withstand the extreme pressures likely at depth.Casing is run to protect or isolate formations adjacent to the parede do poço. The following are the most common reasons for running revestimento in a well:1) protect fresh-water aquifers (surface casing)2) provide strength for installation of cabeça de poço equipment, including BOPs3) provide pressão integridade so that cabeça de poço equipment, including BOPs, may be closed4) selo off leaky or fractured formations into which perfuração fluids are lost 5) selo off low-strength formations so that higher strength (and generally higher pressure) formations may be penetrated safely6) selo off high-pressure zones so that lower pressão formations may be drilled with lower fluido de perfuração densities7) selo off troublesome formations, such as flowing salt8) comply with regulatory requirements (usually related to one of the factors listed above).
4022bell niple, preventor de erupção, BOP, box, revestimento, revestimento shoe, conductor tubo, luva, substituição de fluido, curvatura do poço, float joint, revestimento intermediário coluna, joint, revestimento tipo liner, mill, pin, reciprocate, revestimento de superfície
4023None
4024None
4025--
4026clatrato
40271.n. [Geology]
4028An unusual occurrence of hidrocarboneto in which molecules of gás natural, typically metano, are trapped in ice molecules. More generally, hydrates are compounds in which gás molecules are trapped within a cristal structure. Hydrates form in cold climates, such as camada congelada zones and in deep water. To date, economic liberation of hidrocarboneto gases from hydrates has not occurred, but hydrates contain quantities of hydrocarbons that could be of great economic significance. Hydrates can affect dado sísmico by creating a reflection or múltipla.
4029metano hidrato
4030gás de hidrato
4031None
4032--
4033clatrato
40342.n. [Production Testing]
4035Compounds or complex ions that are formed by the union of water with other substances. Hydrates can form in pipelines and in gás gathering, compressão and transmissão facilities at reduced temperatures and high pressures. Once hydrates are formed, they can tampão the pipelines and significantly affect produção operations.
4036None
4037hidrato
4038None
4039--
4040clatrato
40413.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4042A cristalino solid consisting of water with gás molecules in an ice-like gaiola structure. The general term for this type of solid is clatrato. Water molecules form a lattice structure into which many types of gás molecules can fit. Most gases, except hidrogênio and helium, can form hydrates. C1 to nC5 hydrocarbons, H2S and CO2 readily form hydrates at low temperature and high pressão. Heavier hydrocarbons may also enter the structure but do not form hydrates by themselves. Gas-cut muds can form hydrates in deepwater operações de perfuração, tamponamento BOP lines, risers and subsea wellheads, causing a well-control risco. Gas hydrates are thermodynamically suppressed by adding antifreeze materials such as salts or glycols. A common practice is to use 20 to 23 wt.% NaCl. Nucleation and growth of hydrates can be dynamically inhibited by certain polymers or surfactants. Gas hydrates are found in nature, on the bottom of cold seas and in arctic camada congelada regions. Drilling into these can be hazardous, but they offer another source of hydrocarbons for future explotação.Reference: Ebeltoft H, Yousif M and Soergaard E: "Hydrate Control During Deep-water Drilling: Overview and New Drilling Fluids Formulations," paper SPE 38567, presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, October 5-8, 1997.
4043None
4044gás de hidrato
4045None
4046--
4047composite frac tree
40481.n. [Shale Gas, Well Completions, Well Workover and Intervention]
4049A frac tree in which múltipla frac valves are contained in a single large body such that the overall height of the frac tree is reduced.
4050None
4051None
4052None
4053--
4054csg
40551.n. [Geology]
4056Abbreviation for coal leito gás. Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
4057unconventional resource
4058coalbed metano, camada de carvão metano, coal-bed metano, CBM
4059coal leito gás, coal-seam gás
4060--
4061csg
40622.n. [Geophysics]
4063Abbreviation for common source gather. A display of seismictraces that share a source.
4064seismic trace, trace
4065None
4066common source gather
4067--
4068revestimento swage
40691.n. [Well Completions]
4070A short crossover joint used between two sizes or specifications of revestimento. A circulating swage is an adaptador that enables a temporary circulating line to be rigged to the top of the coluna de revestimento, allowing circulação of fluids to help properly locate the coluna de revestimento.
4071None
4072None
4073None
4074--
4075argila
40761.n. [Geology]
4077Fine-grained sediments less than 0.0039 mm in size.
4078argillaceous, coloide, deflocculant, dirty, eolian, hectorite, matriz, polar compound, quebracho, SAPP, sedimento, xisto, silicato anion, escala de Udden-Wentworth
4079None
4080None
4081--
4082argila
40832.n. [Geology]
4084A group of rock-forming, hydrous aluminum silicato minerals that are platy in structure and can form by the alteration of silicato minerals like feldspar and anfibólio. Common examples include chlorite, illite, kaolinite, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.) and esmectita. Some clays, such as montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), have the tendency to swell when exposed to water, creating a potential perfuração hazard when clay-bearing rocha formations are exposed to water-base fluids during perfuração, possibly reducing the permeabilidade of a bem reservatório rocha. Some clays are used in perfuração fluids to form an impermeável mudcake to isolate a formação from the invasion of fluido de perfuração.The structural difference among clays (smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite) determines the surface area exposed to reservatório fluids or stimulating fluids. Generally, higher surface area indicates higher reactivity. However, not all the argila present in a rocha is reactive. Clays can be found in poro spaces, as part of the matriz or as grain-cementing material. Authigenic clays, which grow in the pores from minerals in the Cabeço: água conata, can be pore-filling or pore-lining. These clays have considerable surface area exposed in the poro and can be reactive, while detrital clays that are part of the matriz are usually less reactive. Additionally, clays as cimentação, or grain-binding, materials may react with water or ácido to disaggregate the formação if they are not protected by quartz overgrowths.The most common clays that create argila problems are kaolinite, esmectita, illite and chlorite. These minerals can be treated using hydrofluoric ácido [HF].
4085argillaceous, bentonita, Cabeço: água conata, dirty, porosidade efetiva, eolian, glauconita, calcário, mica, sedimentary, stimulation fluid, estilolito
4086None
4087None
4088--
4089argila
40903.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4091A large family of complex minerals containing the elements magnesium, aluminum, silicon and oxygen (magnesium, aluminum silicates) combined in a sheet-like structure. Clays are mined from surface pits as relatively pure deposits and used for bricks, pottery, foundry molds and in perfuração fluids among other uses. Clays, as claystones, shales and intermixed with sands and sandstones make up the largest percentage of minerals drilled while exploring for óleo and gás. Sodium bentonita is a useful aditivo for increasing the densidade of perfuração muds, but other argila types are considered contaminants to be avoided and removed. Individual argila platelets can be viewed only with an electron microscope. Crystal structures are also determined by raio X difração (XRD). The atomic structure of the argila group of layered silicato minerals varies from two-layer to three-layer or four-layer (mixed-layer) structures. One of the structural layers is a plane of silicon dioxide tetrahedra (silicon at the center and oxygen at all four corners of the tetrahedron). The other structural camada is a plane of aluminum hydroxide octahedra (aluminum at the center and hydroxides at all six corners). The tetrahedral and octahedral layers fit one on top of the other, with oxygen atoms being shared as oxide and hydroxide groups.
4092aggregation, anion, atapulgita, capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.), clay-water interaction, colloidal solids, conventional lama, encapsulation, gel, hectorite, higroscópico, inhibitive lama, troca iônica, kaolinite, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), octahedral camada, organophilic argila, polar compound, potassium ião (Port.), quaternário amine, sepiolite, xisto, sílica camada, esmectita argila
4093None
4094None
4095--
4096perfil composto
40971.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4098A single perfil created by splicing together two logs of the same type run at different times in the well; or by splicing two different types of perfil run at the same time. For example, it is common practice to splice all the basic logs run over different depth intervals in a well to obtain a single composite record.
4099correlação perfil, perfil de detalhe
4100None
4101None
4102--
4103ct
41041.n. [Drilling]
4105Another term for flexitubo, a long, continuous length of tubo wound on a bobine (Port.). The tubo is straightened prior to pushing into a parede do poço and rewound to coil the tubo back onto the transport and storage bobine (Port.). Depending on the tubo diameter (1 in. to 4 1/2 in.) and the bobine (Port.) size, flexitubo can varredura from 2,000 ft to 15,000 ft [610 to 4,570 m] or greater length.
4106flexitubo perfuração, obturador
4107coiled tubo de produção, endless tubo de produção, reeled tubo de produção
4108None
4109--
4110ct
41112.adj. [Well Workover and Intervention]
4112A generic term relating to the use of a flexitubo coluna and associated equipment. As a well-intervention method, flexitubo techniques offer several key benefits over alternative well-intervention technologies. The ability to work safely under live well conditions, with a continuous coluna, enables fluids to be pumped at any time regardless of the position or direction of travel. This is a significant advantage in many applications. Installing an electrical conductor or hydraulic conduit further enhances the capability of a flexitubo coluna and enables relatively complex intervention techniques to be applied safely.
4113None
4114None
4115coiled tubo de produção, endless tubo de produção, reeled tubo de produção
4116--
4117revestimento valve
41181.n. [Well Completions]
4119A valve installed in the cabeça de poço assembly to provide access to the revestimento ânulo of non-producing casings.
4120None
4121None
4122None
4123--
4124argila estendedor
41251.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4126A class of polymers added to a drilling-grade argila mineral during grinding, or added directly into a clay-based lama system, to enhance the clay's rheological performance. In concept, clay-extender polymers achieve the type of reologia needed for fast perfuração with fewer colloidal solids and lower viscosidade at high taxa de cisalhamento (at the bit). This is the concept of a "low-solids, nondispersed mud" system. Extenders are usually long-chain anionic or nonionic polymers that link argila platelets together in large networks. Anionic polymers are highly effective but can be precipitated by dureza ions. Nonionic polymers are less effective but also much less sensitive to dureza ions. Excessively long, linear polymers may break up under mechanical cisalhamento. Either by precipitation or breakup, estendedor polymers can quickly become ineffective if poorly chosen and used improperly. A drilling-grade argila that has no estendedor is that which meets the padrão for API nontreated bentonita. API bentonita and OCMA-grade API bentonita usually contain estendedor polymers.
4127acrylamide polímero, acrylamide-acrylate polímero, acrylate polímero, beneficiation, clear-water perfuração, dureza ião (Port.), low-solids lama, peptize, peptized argila, PHPA lama, polar compound, polímero
4128None
4129None
4130--
4131compositional fluid analysis
41321.n. [Heavy Oil]
4133Any of a variety of analytical techniques carried out to determine the composition of a óleo cru by breaking it down into basic chemical components. The hidrocarboneto components are usually identified by carbono number fractions: C1, C2, C3,etc. up to Cn, where the limiting carbono number, n, is defined by the particular analytical technique. These analytical techniques include, but are not limited to, gás or liquid cromatografia, cryogenic and flash distillations, true boiling-point distillations, structural fluid characterizations such as polynuclear hidrocarboneto aromático analysis, SARA analysis, sonic testing and other óleo cru assay methods. Other nonhydrocarbon components can also be identified, such as azoto, heavy metals, sulfur and salts.
4134None
4135None
4136None
4137--
4138empacotamento cúbico
41391.n. [Geology]
4140The arrangement in space of uniform spheres (atoms and molecules in mineral crystals, or grains in clastic sedimentary rocks) that results in a cubic material structure. Cubic packing is mechanically unstable, but it is the most porous packing arrangement, with about 47% porosidade in the ideal situation. Most sediments are not uniform spheres of the same size, nor can they be arranged in a cubic structure naturally, so most sediments have much less than 47% porosidade.
4141clastic sedimento, porosidade, rhombohedral packing, sedimento, seleção sedimentar
4142None
4143None
4144--
4145perfil de inspeção de revestimento
41461.n. [Production Logging]
4147An in situ record of revestimento thickness and integridade, to determine whether and to what extent the revestimento has undergone corrosão. The term refers to an individual medição, or a combination of measurements using acoustic, electrical and mechanical techniques, to evaluate the revestimento thickness and other parameters. The perfil is usually presented with the basic measurements and an estimate of metal loss. It was first introduced in the early 1960s. Today the terms casing-evaluation perfil and pipe-inspection perfil are used synonymously.
4148casing-potential profile, eddy-current medição
4149None
4150None
4151--
4152argila estabilizador
41531.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
4154A chemical aditivo used in stimulation treatments to prevent the migration or inchamento of argila particles in reaction to water-base fluid. Without adequate protection, some water-base fluids can affect the electrical carga of naturally occurring argila platelets in the formação. Modifying the carga causes the platelets to swell or migrate in the flowing fluid and, once these are dispersed, it is likely that some argila tamponamento of the formação matriz will occur. Clay stabilizers act to retain the argila platelets in position by controlling the carga and electrolytic characteristics of the treatment fluid.
4155None
4156None
4157None
4158--
4159compressibilidade
41601.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4161The ratio of the percent change in volume to the change in pressão applied to a fluid or rocha.
4162None
4163None
4164None
4165--
4166compressibilidade
41672.n. [Well Testing]
4168The relative change in fluid volume related to a unit change in pressão. This is usually expressed as volume change per unit volume of fluid per psi of pressão change. Gas has higher compressibilidade than liquid (oil or water).
4169None
4170fluid compressibilidade
4171None
4172--
4173curve matching
41741.n. [Geophysics]
4175The graphical comparison of well-understood data sets, called type curves, to another data set. If a certain type curve closely corresponds to a data set, then an interpretation of similarity can be made, although, as Sheriff (1991) points out, there might be other type curves that also match the data of interest. Curve matching differs from curve fitting in that curve fitting involves theoretical models rather than actual examples.
4176curve fitting, type curves
4177None
4178None
4179--
4180diagrafia de potencial do revestimento (Port.)
41811.n. [Production Logging]
4182An in situ perfil of the electrical potential on the inner wall of a revestimento. The perfil is used to identify intervals that are susceptible to corrosão. A negative talude in the profile indicates a zone in which current is leaving the revestimento and therefore acting as an anodo. Such zones are susceptible to corrosão. The perfil was first introduced in the early 1960s. Modern logs are recorded with the tool stationary, and measure the potential difference and revestimento resistance between several pairs of sensors pushed against the revestimento wall, and between sensors and surface.The perfil is usually represented with revestimento resistance and revestimento axial current. Sharp increases in revestimento resistance can indicate corroded zones or even holes in the revestimento. Decreasing axial current with depth indicates a corroding region.
4183casing-inspection perfil
4184None
4185None
4186--
4187argila water interaction
41881.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4189An all-inclusive term to describe various progressive interactions between argila minerals and water. In the dry state, argila packets exist in face-to-face stacks like a convés of playing cards, but argila packets begin to change when exposed to water. Five descriptive terms describe the progressive interactions that can occur in a clay-water system, such as a water lama.1) Hydration occurs as argila packets absorb water and swell.2) Dispersion (or disaggregation) causes argila platelets to break apart and disperse into the water due to loss of attractive forces as water forces the platelets farther apart.3) Flocculation begins when mechanical cisalhamento stops and platelets previously dispersed come together due to the attractive force of surface charges on the platelets.4) Deflocculation, the opposite effect, occurs by addition of chemical deflocculant to flocculated mud; the positive edge charges are covered and attraction forces are greatly reduced.5) Aggregation, a result of ionic or thermal conditions, alters the hydrational camada around argila platelets, removes the deflocculant from positive edge charges and allows platelets to assume a face-to-face structure.
4190None
4191None
4192clay-water interaction
4193--
4194compressor
41951.n. [Production Facilities]
4196A device that raises the pressão of air or gás natural. A compressor normally uses positive substituição de fluido to compress the gás to higher pressures so that the gás can escoamento into pipelines and other facilities.
4197None
4198None
4199None
4200--
4201colchão
42021.n. [Well Testing]
4203A fluid column (usually water or nitrogen) put in the drillstem to provide the desired contrapressão at the start of a drillstem test. The colchão usually serves to limit the differential pressão across the test coluna and obturador to avoid escoamento below the bubblepoint pressão (in which case water is the usual cushion) or to enable a depleted reservatório to escoamento (nitrogen is the likely cushion).
4204differential pressão, drillstem test
4205None
4206None
4207--
4208cat line
42091.n. [Drilling]
4210A relatively thin cable used with other equipment to move small sonda and drillstring components and to provide tension on the tongs for tightening or loosening threaded connections.
4211None
4212None
4213None
4214--
4215argila water interaction
42161.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4217An all-inclusive term to describe various progressive interactions between argila minerals and water. In the dry state, argila packets exist in face-to-face stacks like a convés of playing cards, but argila packets begin to change when exposed to water. Five descriptive terms describe the progressive interactions that can occur in a clay-water system, such as a water lama.1) Hydration occurs as argila packets absorb water and swell.2) Dispersion (or disaggregation) causes argila platelets to break apart and disperse into the water due to loss of attractive forces as water forces the platelets farther apart.3) Flocculation begins when mechanical cisalhamento stops and platelets previously dispersed come together due to the attractive force of surface charges on the platelets.4) Deflocculation, the opposite effect, occurs by addition of chemical deflocculant to flocculated mud; the positive edge charges are covered and attraction forces are greatly reduced.5) Aggregation, a result of ionic or thermal conditions, alters the hydrational camada around argila platelets, removes the deflocculant from positive edge charges and allows platelets to assume a face-to-face structure.
4218acrylamide-acrylate polímero, Bingham plastic model, calcium contamination, lama de cálcio, capillary-suction-time test, closed lama system, coloide, colloidal solids, dewatering, dispersante, encapsulation, força gel, gyp lama, hidrofilia, higroscópico, inhibitive lama, troca iônica, kaolinite, lignosulfonato, lime lama, low-yield argila, make-up water, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), native argila, peptized argila, peptizing agent, phosphate sal, PHPA lama, potassium lama, prehydrated bentonita, prehydration, reologia, esmectita argila, sulfonated polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolímero, tannic ácido, tannin, vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolímero, water clarification
4219None
4220None
4221--
4222compressor plant
42231.n. [Production Facilities]
4224A facility consisting of many compressors, auxiliary treatment equipment and conduta (Port.) installations to bomba gás natural under pressão over long distances. A compressor plant is also called a estação de compressores. Several compressor stations can be used to repressurize gás in large interstate gás pipelines or to link offshore gás fields to their final terminals.
4225compressor
4226None
4227None
4228--
4229corte
42301.n. [Production Logging]
4231The fração of the total vazão produced from a well that is due to a particular fluid, for example the corte de água in the case of water. The corte is normally quoted at padrão surface conditions.
4232holdup, corte de água
4233None
4234None
4235--
4236cataclasite
42371.n. [Geology]
4238A type of metamorphic rocha with cisalhamento and granulação of minerals caused by high mechanical tensão during faulting or dynamic metamorphism, typically during episodes of plate tectonic activity.
4239fault, plate tectonics
4240None
4241None
4242--
4243clean
42441.adj. [Geology]
4245Pertaining to a rocha sedimentar, such as arenito or calcário, that contains only minimal amounts of argila minerals. Clean reservatório rocks typically have better porosidade and permeabilidade than dirty rocks whose pores are clogged with fine argila particles. Clean and dirty are qualitative, descriptive terms.
4246eolian, calcário, arenito, sedimentary
4247None
4248Antonyms:dirty
4249--
4250tomografia computadorizada
42511.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4252A technique for imaging a testemunho by scanning it with a highly focused source of X-rays and recording the attenuated X-rays on the other side. The source and detector are rotated and moved along the testemunho. The measurements are combined mathematically to give a full imagem de testemunho.
4253fluoroscopy, X-radiography
4254None
4255None
4256--
4257técnica de pescaria por corte e enroscamento
42581.n. [Drilling]
4259A method for recovering wireline stuck in a parede do poço. In cut-and-thread operations, the wireline is gripped securely with a special tool and corte at the surface. The corte end is threaded through a seção de tubos of drillpipe. While the tubo hangs in the parede do poço, the wireline is threaded through another seção de tubos of drillpipe, which is screwed onto the seção de tubos in the parede do poço. The process is repeated until the stuck wireline is recovered. This technique, while dangerous and time-consuming, is known to improve greatly the chances of full recovery of the wireline and the tool at its end in the shortest overall time compared with trying to grab the wireline in the openhole with pescaria tools.
4260drillpipe, ferramenta de pescaria, seção de tubos
4261None
4262None
4263--
4264cataclastic
42651.adj. [Geology]
4266Pertaining to a type of metamorphic rocha with cisalhamento and granulação of minerals caused by high mechanical tensão during faulting or dynamic metamorphism, typically during episodes of plate tectonic activity.
4267fault, plate tectonics
4268None
4269None
4270--
4271clean out
42721.vb. [Well Workover and Intervention]
4273To remove wellbore-fill material such assand,scaleor orgânico materials, and other debris from the parede do poço. Many reservoirs produce some areia orfinesthat may not be carried to surface in the produced fluid. Accumulations of fill material may eventually increase in concentration within the lower parede do poço, possibly restrictingproduction. Cleanouts usingcoiled tubo de produção,snubbingor hydraulicworkover techniques are performed routinely.
4274None
4275None
4276None
4277--
4278conceptual model
42791.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
4280A hypothetical model characterizing strata, generally strata deposited in one or a related set of environments. Conceptual models usually incorporate rules about possible geometries and successions of fácies that can be included in a geological cenário. These often provide limitations to the interpretation of a given reservatório. Conceptual models commonly incorporate sequence stratigraphic concepts such as fácies tracts, unconformities, inundação surfaces, erosional surfaces and parasequences. Conceptual models are often used in conjunction with geostatistical and classical technologies for reservatório characterization.
4281inundação surface, geostatistics, parassequência, unconformity
4282None
4283None
4284--
4285corte óleo
42861.n. [Production Facilities]
4287A óleo cru that contains water, normally in the form of an emulsão. The emulsão must be treated inside heaters using chemicals, which will break the mixture into its individual components (water and cru oil).
4288cru óleo, aquecedor, ângulo de balanço a tank
4289None
4290None
4291--
4292proteção catódica
42931.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
4294A technique used to minimize the rate of corrosão of a structure. Cathodic protection does not eliminate corrosão, it transfers corrosão from the structure under protection to a known location where artificial anodes (plates or metal bars) are placed and could be replaced easily. Cathodic protection is used for unidade flutuante de estocagem e transferência vessels, platforms, storage tanks and pipelines The proteção catódica principle is based on the electrochemical nature of the corrosão phenomena; the anodic area corrodes (current is discharged) and the cathodic area does not corrode (current is received). Cathodic protection overrides the naturally occurring anodic areas inside a structure, thus turning the structure under protection completely cathodic, which means it receives current from the surrounding eletrólito (for example, soils, water) and does not corrode. Cathodic protection is achieved by passing enough corrente contínua electricity from an external source (a more powerful anode), which could be a anodo galvânico or an impressed current anodo.
4295corrosion, corrosão control, galvanic anodes, impressed current anodes
4296None
4297None
4298--
4299cleanout
43001.n. [Well Workover and Intervention]
4301The removal of wellbore-fill material, such as areia, scale or orgânico materials, and other debris from the parede do poço. Many reservoirs produce some areia or fines that may not be carried to surface in the produced fluid. Accumulations of fill material may eventually increase in concentration within the lower parede do poço, possibly restricting produção. Cleanouts using flexitubo, snubbing or hydraulic restauração techniques are performed routinely.
4302produced fluid
4303None
4304None
4305--
4306concessão
43071.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
4308A grant extended by a government to permit a company to explore for and produce óleo, gás or recursos minerais within a strictly defined geographic area, typically beneath government-owned lands or lands in which the government owns the rights to produce óleo, gás or minerals. The grant is usually awarded to a company in consideration for some type of bonus or license fee and royalty or produção sharing provided to the host government for a specified período of time.
4309None
4310None
4311None
4312--
4313concessão
43142.n. [Oil and Gas Business]
4315The geographic area in which the government allows a company to operate.
4316None
4317None
4318None
4319--
4320ponto de corte
43211.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4322The tamanho de partícula that has a specified chance of being removed by an item of solids control equipment. Most commonly, D10, D50 and D90 corte points are specified corresponding to 10, 50 and 90% chances of removal, respectively. Taken together, they approximate the separation curve. If the percent is not specified, it is normally taken to be the D50 value. For example, if the D50 of a shaker tela is 100 microns, then a partícula of this size has an equal chance of being removed or staying in the system. Larger particles are more likely to be removed and smaller ones more likely to be retained in the saída de fluido pesado.
4323óleo cru
4324None
4325None
4326--
4327troca de catiãos (Port. e Ang.) capacity
43281.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4329The quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral or similar material can accommodate on its negatively charged surface, expressed as milli-ion equivalent per 100 g, or more commonly as milliequivalent (meq) per 100 g. Clays are aluminosilicates in which some of the aluminum and silicon ions have been replaced by elements with different valência, or carga. For example, aluminum (Al+++) may be replaced by iron (Fe++) or magnesium (Mg++), leading to a net negative carga. This carga attracts cations when the argila is immersed in an eletrólito such as salty water and causes an teoria da dupla camada elétrica. The capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.) (CEC) is often expressed in terms of its contribution per unit volume poroso, Qv.In avaliação de formação, it is the contribution of cation-exchange sites to the formação electrical properties that is important. Various techniques are used to measure CEC in the laboratory, such as wet chemistry, múltipla salinidade and membrane potential. Wet chemistry methods, such as titulação condutométrica, usually involve destruction or alteration of the rocha. Although quicker and simpler to perform, they are less representative of electrical properties in situ. The múltipla salinidade and membrane potential methods are more direct measurements of the effect of CEC on formação resistividade and potencial espontâneo.
4330None
4331None
4332cation-exchange capacity, CEC
4333--
4334troca de catiãos (Port. e Ang.) capacity
43352.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4336Quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral (or similar material) can accommodate on its negative charged surface, expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. CEC of solids in perfuração muds is measured on a whole lama sample by a methylene blue capacity (MBC) test, which is typically performed to specifications established by API. CEC for a lama sample is reported as MBC, methylene blue test (MBT) or bentonita equivalent, lbm/bbl or kg/m3.
4337None
4338troca de base
4339cation-exchange capacity, CEC
4340--
4341cleanup
43421.n. [Well Completions]
4343A período of controlled produção, generally following a stimulation treatment, during which time treatment fluids return from the reservatório formação. Depending on the treatment, the cleanup período can be relatively short and uncomplicated. However, following more complex treatments such as filtração de zona com cascalho calibrado or fraturamento hidráulico, the cleanup process should be conducted carefully to avoid jeopardizing the long-term efficiency of the treatment.
4344treatment fluid
4345None
4346None
4347--
4348condensado
43491.n. [Geology]
4350A low-density, high-API gravity liquid hidrocarboneto fase that generally occurs in association with gás natural. Its presence as a liquid fase depends on temperature and pressão conditions in the reservatório allowing condensação of liquid from vapor. The produção of condensado reservoirs can be complicated because of the pressão sensibilidade of some condensates: During produção, there is a risco of the condensado changing from gás to liquid if the pressão de reservatório drops below the ponto de orvalho during produção. Reservoir pressão can be maintained by fluid injection if produção de gás natural is preferable to liquid produção. Gas produced in association with condensado is called gás úmido. The densidade API of condensado is typically 50 degrees to 120 degrees.
4351dry gás, field, fluid contact, retrograde condensação
4352None
4353None
4354--
4355condensado
43562.n. [Well Testing]
4357Liquid fase occurring in gás condensado reservoirs when the pressão is below the dewpoint pressão.
4358None
4359None
4360None
4361--
4362condensado
43633.n. [Production Testing, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
4364A gás natural liquid with a low pressão de vapor compared with gasolina natural and liquefied petróleo gás. Condensate is mainly composed of propano, butano, pentane and heavier hidrocarboneto fractions. The condensado is not only generated into the reservatório, it is also formed when liquid drops out, or condenses, from a gás stream in pipelines or surface facilities.
4365gás natural liquids
4366None
4367None
4368--
4369técnica de pescaria por corte e enroscamento
43701.n. [Drilling]
4371A method for recovering wireline stuck in a parede do poço. In cut-and-thread operations, the wireline is gripped securely with a special tool and corte at the surface. The corte end is threaded through a seção de tubos of drillpipe. While the tubo hangs in the parede do poço, the wireline is threaded through another seção de tubos of drillpipe, which is screwed onto the seção de tubos in the parede do poço. The process is repeated until the stuck wireline is recovered. This technique, while dangerous and time-consuming, is known to improve greatly the chances of full recovery of the wireline and the tool at its end in the shortest overall time compared with trying to grab the wireline in the openhole with pescaria tools.
4372drillpipe, ferramenta de pescaria, seção de tubos
4373None
4374None
4375--
4376troca de catiãos (Port. e Ang.) capacity
43771.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4378The quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral or similar material can accommodate on its negatively charged surface, expressed as milli-ion equivalent per 100 g, or more commonly as milliequivalent (meq) per 100 g. Clays are aluminosilicates in which some of the aluminum and silicon ions have been replaced by elements with different valência, or carga. For example, aluminum (Al+++) may be replaced by iron (Fe++) or magnesium (Mg++), leading to a net negative carga. This carga attracts cations when the argila is immersed in an eletrólito such as salty water and causes an teoria da dupla camada elétrica. The capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.) (CEC) is often expressed in terms of its contribution per unit volume poroso, Qv.In avaliação de formação, it is the contribution of cation-exchange sites to the formação electrical properties that is important. Various techniques are used to measure CEC in the laboratory, such as wet chemistry, múltipla salinidade and membrane potential. Wet chemistry methods, such as titulação condutométrica, usually involve destruction or alteration of the rocha. Although quicker and simpler to perform, they are less representative of electrical properties in situ. The múltipla salinidade and membrane potential methods are more direct measurements of the effect of CEC on formação resistividade and potencial espontâneo.
4379clay-bound water, dual water
4380None
4381None
4382--
4383troca de catiãos (Port. e Ang.) capacity
43842.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4385Quantity of positively charged ions (cations) that a argila mineral (or similar material) can accommodate on its negative charged surface, expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams. CEC of solids in perfuração muds is measured on a whole lama sample by a methylene blue capacity (MBC) test, which is typically performed to specifications established by API. CEC for a lama sample is reported as MBC, methylene blue test (MBT) or bentonita equivalent, lbm/bbl or kg/m3.
4386anion, bentonita, cátion, equivalent weight, troca iônica, methylene blue dye, mixed-metal hydroxide, montmorilonita (Port. e Ang.), peptized argila, peptizing agent, xisto
4387troca de base
4388CEC
4389--
4390clear salmoura
43911.n. [Geology]
4392Water containing more dissolved inorganic sal than typical seawater.
4393cesium formate, água de formação, água doce
4394salmoura
4395None
4396--
4397clear salmoura
43982.n. [Drilling]
4399Saline liquid usually used in completação operations and, increasingly, when penetrating a intervalo de reservatório. Brines are preferred because they have higher densities than água doce but lack solid particles that might damage producible formations. Classes of brines include chloride brines (calcium and sodium), bromides and formates.
4400completação fluid, producing formação
4401None
4402None
4403--
4404clear salmoura
44053.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4406A general term that refers to various salts andsaltmixtures dissolved in an solução aquosa. Brine can be used more strictly, however, to refer to solutions of sodium chloride. We prefer to use salmoura as a general term. Clear brines are sal solutions that have few or nosuspended solids.
4407balanced-activity óleo lama, bromide salmoura, calcium bromide, drill-in fluid, formate, guar gum, hydrometer, synthetic/brine ratio, undersaturated fluid
4408None
4409None
4410--
4411clear salmoura
44124.n. [Well Completions]
4413A water-based solução of inorganic salts used as a well-control fluid during the completação and restauração phases of well operations. Brines are solids free, containing no particles that might tampão or damage a producing formação. In addition, the salts in salmoura can inhibit undesirable formação reactions such as argila inchamento. Brines are typically formulated and prepared for specific conditions, with a varredura of salts available to achieve densities ranging from 8.4 to over 20 lbm/gal (ppg) [1.0 to 2.4 g/cmo]. Common salts used in the preparation of simple salmoura systems include sodium chloride, cloreto de cálcio and potassium chloride. More complex salmoura systems may contain zinc, bromide or iodine salts. These brines are generally corrosive and costly.
4414cesium formate, producing formação
4415None
4416None
4417--
4418condensado liquids
44191.n. [Production Testing]
4420Hydrocarbons that are in the gaseous fase at reservatório conditions but condense into liquid as they travel up the parede do poço and reach separador conditions. Condensate liquids are sometimes called distillate.
4421None
4422None
4423None
4424--
4425cutt point
44261.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4427The spherical diameter corresponding to the ellipsoidal volume distribution of the tela opening sizes as measured by image analysis techniques. Named after Al Cutt of Amoco who developed the technique. Not to be confused with ponto de corte.Reference:Cutt AR: "Shaker Screen Characterization Through Image Analysis," paper SPE 22570, presented at the 66th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA, October 6-9, 1991.
4428None
4429None
4430None
4431--
4432catline
44331.n. [Drilling]
4434A relatively thin cable used with other equipment to move small sonda and drillstring components and to provide tension on the tongs for tightening or loosening threaded connections.
4435cat line
4436None
4437None
4438--
4439clear water perfuração
44401.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4441Drilling operations using a water-base fluido de perfuração that contains few solids. Clear-water perfuração is done in "hard rocks" in which densidade and perda de fluido are not critical. Rapid perfuração rate is the incentive for using a solids-free lama. Fluid returned to the surface must be screened and processed by hydrocyclones and centrifuges to remove larger solids. Colloidal solids can be agglomerated by adding polymers and removing the aggregates. Polymers such as acrylates, acrylamides and partially-hydrolyzed polyacrylamides are used. They are added at the flowline as lama exits the well or added in pits jusante from the flowline.
4442None
4443None
4444clear-water perfuração
4445--
4446conductance
44471.n. [Geophysics]
4448The product of condutividade and thickness, typically measured in units of siemens (S). In the inversão of electrical and electromagnetic measurements, the conductance of a camada or zone is usually much better determined than either the condutividade or thickness individually.
4449None
4450None
4451None
4452--
4453conductance
44542.n. [Geophysics]
4455The reciprocal of resistance in a corrente contínua circuit, measured in siemens (formerly mhos). In an corrente alternada circuit, conductance is the resistance divided by the square of impedance, also measured in siemens.
4456None
4457None
4458None
4459--
4460amostras de calha
44611.n. [Drilling]
4462Small pieces of rocha that break away due to the action of the broca teeth. Cuttings are screened out of the liquid lama system at the xisto shakers and are monitored for composition, size, shape, color, textura, hidrocarboneto content and other properties by the químico de fluidos, the operador de mudlogging and other on-site personnel. The operador de mudlogging usually captures samples of amostras de calha for subsequent analysis and archiving.
4463bridge, cable-tool perfuração, circulate out, excentricidade, mechanical sticking, químico de fluidos, sobrepressão, pack off, pill, reciprocate, circulação reversa, perfuração rotativa, settling pit, peneira vibratória
4464None
4465None
4466--
4467amostras de calha
44682.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4469Rock pieces dislodged by the broca de perfuração as it cuts rocha in the poço de petróleo. Cuttings are distinct from cavings, rocha debris that spalls as a result of parede do poço instabilidade. Visual inspection of rocha at the peneira vibratória usually distinguishes amostras de calha from cavings.
4470attapulgite, breaker, cavings, flowline lama sample, retardo, LC50, ponto de fluidez, peneira vibratória
4471None
4472None
4473--
4474catwalk
44751.n. [Drilling]
4476A long, rectangular platform about 3 ft [0.9 m] high, usually made of steel and located perpendicular to the vee-door at the bottom of the escorregão. This platform is used as a staging area for sonda and drillstring tools, components that are about to be picked up and run, or components that have been run and are being laid down. A catwalk is also the functionally similar staging area, especially on offshore perfuração rigs, that may not be a separate or raised structure.
4477tubo rack
4478None
4479None
4480--
4481clear water perfuração
44821.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4483Drilling operations using a water-base fluido de perfuração that contains few solids. Clear-water perfuração is done in "hard rocks" in which densidade and perda de fluido are not critical. Rapid perfuração rate is the incentive for using a solids-free lama. Fluid returned to the surface must be screened and processed by hydrocyclones and centrifuges to remove larger solids. Colloidal solids can be agglomerated by adding polymers and removing the aggregates. Polymers such as acrylates, acrylamides and partially-hydrolyzed polyacrylamides are used. They are added at the flowline as lama exits the well or added in pits jusante from the flowline.
4484acrylamide polímero, acrylamide-acrylate polímero, acrylate polímero, centrífuga, argila estendedor, closed lama system, perfuração rate, hidrociclone, PHPA lama, wastewater cleanup, water clarification
4485None
4486None
4487--
4488invasão condutiva
44891.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4490A situation in which the resistividade of the flushed zone is less than the resistividade of the undisturbed zone. Such a pega generally favors the use of eletrodo resistividade devices (laterologs, ring resistivity), which respond to resistividade, rather than induction and propagation resistividade devices, which respond to condutividade.
4491arranjo perfil lateral, lateroperfil azimutal, true resistividade
4492None
4493Antonyms:resistive invasion
4494--
4495amostras de calha levantamento de petróleo (Port.)
44961.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4497Transportof rockfragments out of a parede do poço bya circulatingdrilling fluid. Carrying capacity is an essential function of a fluido de perfuração, synonymous with hole-cleaning capacity and amostras de calha levantamento de petróleo (Port.) capacity. Carrying capacity is determined principally by theannular velocity, poço de petróleo angle andflow profileof the fluido de perfuração, but is also affected bymud weight, amostras de calha size and tubo position and movement.
4498Brookfield viscosímetro, amostras de calha, reologia, reologia modifier, XC polímero
4499carrying capacity, poço de petróleo cleaning
4500None
4501--
4502efeito de caverna
45031.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4504The effect of a sharp change in the poço de petróleo diameter, such as that caused by a cave or rugose poço de petróleo, on an perfil de indução. In smooth boreholes of constant diameter, the effect of the poço de petróleo is well understood and can be corrected for. However, a sharp increase in diameter over a small depth interval can induce signals on one coil in the arranjo and not in others. This signal is not handled by the normal poço de petróleo correction and may result in a impulso unitário on the perfil. The impulso unitário usually is significant only when the resistividade is high and the contrast between formação and poço de petróleo resistividade is very large. The impulso unitário also depends on the design of the arranjo or the processing.
4505indução em arranjo
4506None
4507None
4508--
4509closed in well
45101.n. [Well Testing]
4511A well with a valve closed to halt produção. Wells are often closed in for a período of time to allow stabilization prior to beginning a drawdown-buildup test sequence.
4512buildup test, diferencial de pressão entre reservatório e poço test
4513None
4514None
4515--
4516modelo de matriz de rocha condutiva
45171.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4518A model, or set of equations, for the resistividade response of formations with conductive minerals, such as shaly sands. The model is used to analyze testemunho data and to calculate water saturação from resistividade and other logs. The modelo de matriz de rocha condutiva (CRMM) was proposed by W. Givens. The model treats the rocha as two components in parallel: a conductive poro network with fluid that is free to move, and the remainder of the rocha, which may have conductive minerals or immobile but conductive water. The model is not concerned with the origin of this condutividade, but gives it a resistividade, Rm. The two components are in parallel as follows:	1 / Rt = 1 / Rp + 1 / Rmwhere Rp is the resistance of the free-fluid poro network and can be expressed in terms of the porosidade and água de formação resistividade by the Archie equation. The model was developed from testemunho data, and can explain the observed variations of the porosidade exponent with porosidade and the saturação exponent with water saturação in shaly sands. For perfil analysis Rm needs to be related to parameters that can be measured by logs.Reference:Givens WW: Formation Factor, Resistivity Index and Related Equations Based upon a Conductive rocha Matrix Model (CRMM), Transactions of the SPWLA 27th Annual Logging Symposium, Houston, Texas, USA, June 9-13, 1986, paper P.
4519cation-exchange capacity, resistividade perfil, saturação equation, saturação exponent
4520None
4521None
4522--
4523tempo de ciclo
45241.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4525The elapsed time for lama to circulate from the suction pit, down the parede do poço and back to surface. Cycle time allows the químico de fluidos to catch "in" and "out" samples that accurately represent the same elemento of lama in a circulating system. Cycle time is calculated from the estimated poço de petróleo volume and bomba rate and can be checked by using tracers such as carbide or rice granules.
4526lag time, químico de fluidos, lama tracer, mud-in sample, mud-out sample, suction pit
4527tempo de circulação
4528None
4529--
4530cavings
45311.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4532Pieces of rocha that came from the parede do poço but that were not removed directly by the action of the broca de perfuração. Cavings can be splinters, shards, chunks and various shapes of rocha, usually spalling from xisto sections that have become unstable. The shape of the caving can indicate why the rocha failure occurred. The term is typically used in the plural form.
4533amostras de calha
4534None
4535None
4536--
4537closed lama system
45381.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4539A lama and solids-control system in which the only discarded waste is moist, drilled-up rocha materials. Such systems are used for perfuração wells in environmentally sensitive areas. No reserve-mud pit is used in a truly closed lama system. Mud is continually processed primarily by mechanical means, such as screening, hydrocycloning and centrifuging to remove solids initially. A second stage to remove colloidal solids is by wastewater cleanup techniques.
4540alum, centrífuga, clay-water interaction, clear-water perfuração, dewatering, drill solids, hidrociclone, vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolímero, water clarification
4541None
4542None
4543--
4544titulação condutométrica
45451.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4546A technique for estimating the capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.) of a sample by measuring the condutividade of the sample during titration. The technique includes crushing a amostra de testemunho and mixing it for some time in a solução like barium acetate, during which all the cation-exchange sites are replaced by barium (Ba++) ions. The solução is then titrated with another solução, such as MgSO4, while observing the change in condutividade as the magnesium (Mg++) ions replace the Ba++ ions. For several reasons, but mainly because the sample must be crushed, the measured capacidade de troca de catiões (Port.) may differ from that which affects the in situ electrical properties of the rocha.
4547múltipla salinidade
4548None
4549None
4550--
4551injeção cíclica de vapor
45521.n. [Heavy Oil]
4553A method of thermal recovery in which a well is injected with steam and then subsequently put back on produção. A cyclic steam-injection process includes three stages. The first stage is injection, during which a golfada of steam is introduced into the reservatório. The second stage, or soak fase, requires that the well be shut in for several days to allow uniform heat distribution to thin the óleo. Finally, during the third stage, the thinned óleo is produced through the same well. The cycle is repeated as long as óleo produção is profitable. Cyclic injeção de vapor is used extensively in heavy-oil reservoirs, grés asfáltico (Port.), and in some cases to improve injetividade prior to steamflood or in situ combustion operations.Cyclic injeção de vapor is also called steam soak or the huff `n puff (slang) method.
4554enhanced óleo recovery, hot injeção de água, combustão in situ, steamflood, areia asfáltica
4555None
4556huff and puff, steam soak
4557--
4558cavitação
45591.n. [Geophysics]
4560An implosion produced by locally low pressão, such as the colapso of a bolha de gás in liquid (the energy of which is used as the source of seismic energy from air guns).
4561air gun, efeito bolha, water gun
4562None
4563None
4564--
4565cavitação
45662.n. [Production]
4567The rapid formação and colapso of vapor pockets in a flowing liquid in localized regions of very low pressão. It is often a cause of erosive damage to pumps, gargarejo type valves and the piping itself. It can cause excessive noise.
4568None
4569None
4570None
4571--
4572closed in well
45731.n. [Well Testing]
4574A well with a valve closed to halt produção. Wells are often closed in for a período of time to allow stabilization prior to beginning a drawdown-buildup test sequence.
4575buildup test, diferencial de pressão entre reservatório e poço test
4576None
4577None
4578--
4579conductor tubo
45801.n. [Drilling]
4581The coluna de revestimento that is usually put into the well first, particularly on land wells, to prevent the sides of the poço de petróleo from caving into the parede do poço. This revestimento, sometimes called drive tubo, is generally a short length and is sometimes driven into the ground. Conductor tubo is run because the shallow section of most wells terrestre is drilled in inconsolidado sedimento or solo rather than consolidado strata typically encountered deeper. Offshore, the drive tubo or structural revestimento may be installed prior to the conductor for similar reasons.
4582None
4583None
4584None
4585--
4586conductor tubo
45872.n. [Well Completions]
4588A coluna curta of large-diameter revestimento set to support the surface formations. The conductor tubo is typically set soon after perfuração has commenced since the inconsolidado shallow formations can quickly wash out or cave in. Where loose surface solo exists, the conductor tubo may be driven into place before the perfuração commences.
4589None
4590None
4591None
4592--
4593cycling plant
45941.n. [Production Facilities]
4595An oilfield installation used when producing from a gas-condensate reservatório. In a cycling plant, the liquids are extracted from the gás natural and then the remaining gás seco is compressed and returned to the producing formação to maintain pressão de reservatório. This process increases the ultimate recovery of liquids.
4596dry gás, gás condensado, gás natural
4597None
4598None
4599--
4600cbm
46011.n. [Geology]
4602Abbreviation for coalbed metano. Natural gás, predominantly metano [CH4], generated during coal formação and adsorbed in coal. Natural gás adsorbs to the surfaces of matriz pores within the coal and natural fractures, or cleats, as pressão de reservatório increases.Production of gás natural from coal requires decreasing the pressão de poro below the coal’s dessorção pressão so that metano will desorb from surfaces, diffuse through the coal matriz and become gás livre. Because the diffusivity and permeabilidade of the coal matriz are ultralow, coal must have an extensive cleat system to ensure adequate permeabilidade and escoamento of metano to wellbores at economic produção rates.Coal seams are typically saturada with water. Consequently, the coal must be dewatered for efficient produção de gás natural. Dewatering reduces the pressão hidrostática and promotes gás dessorção from coal. As dewatering progresses, produção de gás natural often increases at a rate governed by how quickly gás desorbs from coal, the permeabilidade of the cleat and the permeabilidade relativa of the gas-water system in the cleat. Eventually, the rate and amount of gás dessorção decreases as the coal leito is depleted of its gás, and produção declines.Coal seams with no water (dry coal) have been discovered and commercially exploited. In these reservoirs, the adsorbed gás is held in place by gás livre in the cleats. Consequently, produção de gás natural consists of both gás livre from the cleat system and desorbed gás from the matriz.
4603unconventional resource
4604coal leito gás, CSG
4605coalbed metano, camada de carvão metano, coal-bed metano
4606--
4607closure
46081.n. [Geology]
4609The vertical distance from the apex of a structure to the lowest structural contour that contains the structure. Measurements of both the areal closure and the distance from the apex to the lowest closing contour are typically incorporated in calculations of the estimated hidrocarboneto content of a trapa.
4610anticlinal trapa, unconformity trapa
4611None
4612None
4613--
4614closure
46152.n. [Geology]
4616The area, or areal closure, included in the lowest closing contour of a trapa. Measurements of both the areal closure and the distance from the apex to the lowest closing contour are typically incorporated in calculations of the estimated hidrocarboneto content of a trapa.
4617anticlinal trapa, contour, unconformity trapa
4618None
4619None
4620--
4621conforme
46221.adj. [Geology]
4623Parallel strata that have undergone a similar geologic history, deposited in succession without interruption.
4624erosion, erosão, hiatus, não conformidade, sequence, sequence boundary, estrato, unconformity
4625None
4626conformidade
4627--
4628conforme
46292.adj. [Geology]
4630The nature of the contact between strata deposited in continuous succession.
4631erosion, erosão, hiatus, não conformidade, sequence, sequence boundary, estrato, unconformity
4632None
4633conformidade
4634--
4635cyclothem
46361.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
4637A succession of strata deposited during a single cycle of deposição. These sedimentary successions usually occur repeatedly, one above the other. The two main varieties are the cyclic units that are symmetrical cyclothems, and the rhythmic units that are asymmetrical cyclothems. Cyclic groupings of cyclothems are called megacyclothems, and cyclic groupings of megacyclothems are called hypercyclothems. Cyclothems are thought to be due to natural cycles, such as changes in sea levels related to changes in the volume of polar ice caps.
4638None
4639None
4640None
4641--
4642zona danificada
46431.n. [Perforating, Well Completions]
4644The area surrounding the parede do poço that has been harmed by the perfuração process, generally as a result of lama or cement-filtrate invasion. Near-wellbore damage can significantly affect productivity and is typically easier to prevent than it is to cure. Although almost always present, a lightly zona danificada around the parede do poço can be bypassed by canhoneado tunnels to create connecting conduits from the parede do poço to the undamaged reservatório formação. More severe cases of damage may require a matrix-acidizing treatment to restore the natural permeabilidade, or a fraturamento hidráulico treatment to create a new high-conductivity escoamento path to the reservatório.
4645hydraulic fracturing, acidificação de matriz
4646None
4647None
4648--
4649referência de profundidade
46501.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4651The point in a well from which depth is measured. Alternatively, the referência de profundidade is the point at which the depth is defined as being zero. It is typically the top of the bucha do haste quadrada or the level of the piso da sonda on the sonda that is used to drill the well. The depth measured from that point is the profundidade medida (MD) for the well. Even when the sonda de perfuração has been removed, all subsequent measurements and operations in the well are still tied in to the same referência de profundidade. However, for multiwell studies, the depths are normally shifted to the permanent datum. The referência de profundidade and its elevation above the permanent datum are recorded on the perfil heading. In some contexts, the term may refer to any point from which depth is measured.
4652depth wheel, first reading, last reading
4653nível de referência de profundidade
4654None
4655--
4656dipolo
46571.n. [Geophysics]
4658A pair of opposite (and equal) electrical charges. The strength of the dipolo is a vector quantity whose direction points from the positive to the negative carga and whose magnitude is the product of the absoluto value of the carga times the separation. A point dipolo is an idealized mathematical representation of a dipolo in which the separation of the charges goes to zero while their carga increases so that the product (dipole strength) remains constant.
4659None
4660None
4661None
4662--
4663dipolo
46642.n. [Geophysics]
4665Two poles of opposite polaridade that can generate a field, such as an electric or magnetic field or a dipolo source and dipolo receiver used in sonic perfilagem for excitation and detection of shear waves.
4666S-wave, onda cisalhante
4667None
4668None
4669--
4670dipolo
46713.n. [Geophysics]
4672A small antenna used in electromagnetic surveying that can be represented mathematically as a dipolo.
4673método eletromagnético
4674None
4675None
4676--
4677deriva
46781.n. [Drilling]
4679A term to describe the inclinação from vertical of a parede do poço.
4680deviation foto, inclinação
4681None
4682None
4683--
4684deriva
46852.vb. [Drilling]
4686To guarantee the diâmetro interno of a tubo or other cylindrical tool by pulling a cylinder or tubo (often called a rabbit) of known diâmetro externo through it. The diâmetro de passagem is the diâmetro interno (ID) that the tubo fabricante guarantees per specifications. Note that the nominal diâmetro interno is not the same as the diâmetro de passagem but is always slightly larger. The diâmetro de passagem is used by the well planner to determine what size tools or revestimento strings can later be run through the revestimento, whereas the nominal diâmetro interno is used for fluid volume calculations such as lama circulating times and pasta de cimento placement calculations.
4687revestimento coluna, diâmetro interno, gabarito
4688None
4689None
4690--
4691deriva
46923.vb. [Drilling]
4693To passada a gauge operação no interior da tubagem de revestimento (Port. e Ang.), tubulars and completação components to ensure minimum-diameter specifications are within tolerance, as described in definition 2. This task is also performed to ensure that there is no junk, dried cimento, dirt, rocks or other debris inside the tubo.
4694None
4695None
4696None
4697--
4698deriva
46994.n. [Geophysics]
4700In calibração of a check-shot foto, the difference between geometrically corrected transit time and integrated sonic time.
4701check-shot foto, transit time
4702None
4703None
4704--
4705deriva
47065.n. [Geophysics]
4707A gradual change in a medição or recording device during surveying. Reference to or repetition of a medição at a estação base can indicate whether deriva is a problem.
4708base estação, foto
4709None
4710None
4711--
4712deriva
47136.n. [Well Completions]
4714An accurately machined device that is pulled through the revestimento, tubulars and completação components to ensure minimum-diameter specifications are within tolerance, as described in definition 2. While this tool is usually of a short length, the well planner may specify a special deriva that either has a longer length or a nonstandard diâmetro externo. The large-diameter revestimento drifts are frequently known as "rabbits."
4715None
4716gabarito
4717None
4718--
4719darcy units
47201.n. [Well Testing]
4721Units of atm, cm3/s, cp and D, as originally used by Darcy in escoamento experiments.
4722None
4723None
4724None
4725--
4726roda de profundidade
47271.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4728A calibrado (Port.) wheel used to drive the depth recording system in wireline perfilagem. The wheel is pressed against the cabo de perfilagem as the cable is spooled onto the drum and therefore turns as the cable is run in and out of the poço de petróleo. After zeroing the depth on surface, the roda de profundidade provides the depth input to the recording system. Small errors in calibração and escorregamento can cause the wheel to introduce systematic errors in the depth recorded. For this reason, the depth is checked and corrected using depth marks. The roda de profundidade is also referred to as a depth encoder. Modern encoders have two wheels so that escorregamento can be detected by differences between the two measurements.
4729marca de profundidade
4730None
4731None
4732--
4733direct indicating viscosímetro
47341.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4735The instrument used to measure viscosidade and força gel of lama de perfuração. The direct-indicating viscosímetro is a rotational cylinder and bob instrument, also known as a V-G meter. Two speeds of rotation, 300 and 600 rpm, are available in all instruments, but some are 6- or variable-speed. It is called "direct-indicating" because at a given speed, the dial reading is a true centipoise viscosidade. For example, at 300 rpm, the dial reading (511 sec-1) is a true viscosidade. Bingham plastic rheological parameters are easily calculated from direct-indicating viscosímetro readings: PV (in units of cp) = 600 dial - 300 dial and YP (in units of lb/100 ft2) = 300 dial - PV. Gel strength is also directly read as dial readings in oilfield units of lb/100 ft2.
4736None
4737Fann viscosímetro
4738direct-indicating viscosímetro
4739--
4740broca de perfuração
47411.n. [Drilling]
4742The tool used to crush or corte rocha. Everything on a sonda de perfuração directly or indirectly assists the broca in crushing or cutting the rocha. The broca is on the bottom of the drillstring and must be changed when it becomes excessively dull or stops making progress. Most bits work by scraping or crushing the rocha, or both, usually as part of a rotational motion. Some bits, known as martelo bits, pound the rocha vertically in much the same fashion as a construction site soquete pneumático.
4743bottomhole assembly, drillstring, gauge poço de petróleo, jato, make poço de petróleo, broca PDC, broca de cones, spud
4744broca
4745None
4746--
4747datum
47481.n. [Geophysics]
4749An agreed and known value, such as the elevation of a benchmark or sea level, to which other measurements are corrected. In dado sísmico, the term refers to an arbitrary planar surface to which corrections are made and on which sources and receivers are assumed to lie to minimize the effects of topography and near-surface zones of low velocity.
4750benchmark, correção ao datum, correção da elevação, receiver, source
4751None
4752None
4753--
4754datum
47552.n. [Well Completions]
4756A referência de profundidade point, typically established at the time the well is completed, against which subsequent depth measurements should be corrected or correlated.
4757None
4758None
4759None
4760--
4761depth derived
47621.adj. [Formation Evaluation]
4763Referring to a borehole-compensation scheme for sonic logs that combines measurements taken when the ferramenta de perfilagem is at two different depths in the poço de petróleo. In normal borehole-compensation schemes, the effects of caves and sonde tilt are minimized by combining measurements from a second transmissor (T2) above a pair of receivers with those from the first transmissor (T1) below the receivers. This arrangement makes the ferramenta de perfilagem unacceptably long for the long-spacing perfil sônico. In the depth-derived system, T2 is located below T1, at a distance equal to the receiver spacing. T1 is fired and the transit time between the receivers at depth z (TT1z) is recorded as usual. Then when T1 and T2 are at depth z, both are fired sequentially and the difference in time for their signals to reach one of the receivers is recorded (TT2z). The average of TT1z and TT2z is borehole-compensated since the acoustic signals traveled in opposite directions for the two measurements.
4764poço de petróleo compensation, ferramenta de perfilagem, long-spacing perfil sônico, perfil sônico, sonic medição
4765None
4766None
4767--
4768direct indicating viscosímetro
47691.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4770The instrument used to measure viscosidade and força gel of lama de perfuração. The direct-indicating viscosímetro is a rotational cylinder and bob instrument, also known as a V-G meter. Two speeds of rotation, 300 and 600 rpm, are available in all instruments, but some are 6- or variable-speed. It is called "direct-indicating" because at a given speed, the dial reading is a true centipoise viscosidade. For example, at 300 rpm, the dial reading (511 sec-1) is a true viscosidade. Bingham plastic rheological parameters are easily calculated from direct-indicating viscosímetro readings: PV (in units of cp) = 600 dial - 300 dial and YP (in units of lb/100 ft2) = 300 dial - PV. Gel strength is also directly read as dial readings in oilfield units of lb/100 ft2.
4771Bingham plastic model, deflocculant, força gel, Herschel-Bulkley fluid, Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluid, viscosidade plástica, power-law fluid, rheological property, yield point
4772Fann viscosímetro
4773None
4774--
4775comando de perfuração
47761.n. [Drilling]
4777A component of a drillstring that provides peso sobre a broca for perfuração. Drill collars are thick-walled tubular pieces machined from solid bars of steel, usually plain aço-carbono but sometimes of nonmagnetic nickel-copper alloy or other nonmagnetic premium alloys. The bars of steel are drilled from end to end to provide a passage to pumping perfuração fluids through the collars. The diâmetro externo of the steel bars may be machined slightly to ensure arredondamento, and in some cases may be machined with helical grooves ("spiral collars"). Last, threaded connections, male on one end and female on the other, are corte so múltipla collars can be screwed together along with other downhole tools to make a bottomhole assembly (BHA). Gravity acts on the large massa of the collars to provide the downward force needed for the bits to efficiently break rocha. To accurately control the amount of force applied to the broca, the driller carefully monitors the surface weight measured while the broca is just off the bottom of the parede do poço. Next, the drillstring (and the drill bit), is slowly and carefully lowered until it touches bottom. After that point, as the driller continues to lower the top of the drillstring, more and more weight is applied to the broca, and correspondingly less weight is measured as hanging at the surface. If the surface medição shows 20,000 pounds [9080 kg] less weight than with the broca off bottom, then there should be 20,000 pounds force on the broca (in a vertical hole). Downhole MWD sensors measure weight-on-bit more accurately and transmit the data to the surface.
4778bottomhole assembly, circulação system, colar, fluido de perfuração, keyseat, measurements-while-drilling, diâmetro externo, saver sub, sub, weight indicador
4779None
4780None
4781--
4782day rate
47831.n. [Drilling]
4784The daily cost to the operador of renting the sonda de perfuração and the associated costs of personnel and routine supplies. This cost may or may not include combustível, and usually does not include capital goods, such as revestimento and wellheads, or special services, such as perfilagem or cimentação. In most of the world, the day rate represents roughly half of the cost of the well. Similarly, the total daily cost to drill a well (spread rate) is roughly double what the sonda day-rate amount is.
4785casing, cimentação, contrato de modernização e operação depth, perfuração contractor, cabeça de poço
4786None
4787None
4788--
4789derivative logs
47901.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
4791Logs that have been calculated from other logs to find the rate at which a perfil is changing with depth. For example, the derivative caliper (rugosity) calculates the rate at which the caliper is changing from one depth to another. Bad poço de petróleo conditions that cause the perfil de densidade to produce incorrect measurements are usually more closely related to the rugosidade of the poço de petróleo than the poço de petróleo size, so the rugosidade curve is the more useful in this regard.
4792None
4793None
4794None
4795--
4796directional driller
47971.n. [Drilling]
4798An individual trained in the science and art of intentionally perfuração a well along a predetermined path in three-dimensional space, usually involving deviating the well from vertical and directing it in a specific compass direction or heading. The directional driller considers such parameters as rotary speed, peso sobre a broca, control perfuração and when to stop perfuração and take surveys of the wellpath, and works closely with the toolpusher.
4799deviation, furo direcional, toolpusher
4800None
4801DD
4802--
4803drill in fluid
48041.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4805A special fluid designed exclusively for perfuração through the reservatório section of a parede do poço. The reasons for using a specially designed lama are: (1) to drill the reservatório zone successfully, often a long, horizontal drainhole. (2) to minimize damage and maximize produção of exposed zones. (3) to facilitate the completação de poços needed, which can include complicated procedures. A drill-in fluid should resemble a CASAM. It may be a salmoura containing only selected solids of appropriate tamanho de partícula ranges (salt crystals or calcium carbonate) and polymers. Only additives essential for filtração control and amostras de calha carrying are present in a drill-in fluid.
4806None
4807None
4808drill-in fluid
4809--
4810daylight tour
48111.n. [Drilling]
4812The work shift of a equipe de perfuração that commences at about the sunrise hour. Drilling operations usually take place around the clock because of the cost to rent arig. As a result, there are usually two separate crews working twelve-hour tours to keep the operation going. Some companies prefer three eight-hour tours: the daylight tour starts at daylight or 8 AM; the graveyard tour is the overnight shift or the shift that begins at midnight. (Pronounced "tower" in many areas.)
4813equipe de perfuração
4814morning tour, tour
4815None
4816--
4817torre de perfuração
48181.n. [Drilling]
4819The structure used to support the crown blocks and the drillstring of a sonda de perfuração. Derricks are usually pyramidal in shape, and offer a bem strength-to-weight ratio. If the torre de perfuração design does not allow it to be moved easily in one piece, special ironworkers must assemble them piece by piece, and in some cases disassemble them if they are to be moved.
4820crown bloco, torrista, escape line, fingerboard, gooseneck, mast, manobra completa, sheave, escorregão, tubo bengala, sub, tongs, traveling bloco
4821None
4822None
4823--
4824furo direcional
48251.n. [Drilling, Shale Gas]
4826The intentional deviation of a parede do poço from the path it would naturally take. This is accomplished through the use of whipstocks, bottomhole assembly (BHA) configurations, instruments to measure the path of the parede do poço in three-dimensional space, data links to communicate measurements taken downhole to the surface, lama motors and special BHA components and brocas de perfuração, including rotary steerable systems, and brocas de perfuração. The directional driller also exploits parâmetros de perfuração such as peso sobre a broca and rotary speed to deflect the broca away from the axis of the existing parede do poço. In some cases, such as perfuração steeply dipping formations or unpredictable deviation in conventional operações de perfuração, directional-drilling techniques may be employed to ensure that the poço de petróleo is drilled vertically. While many techniques can accomplish this, the general concept is simple: point the broca in the direction that one wants to drill. The most common way is through the use of a bend near the broca in a downhole steerable motor de fundo. The bend points the broca in a direction different from the axis of the parede do poço when the entire drillstring is not rotating. By pumping lama through the motor de fundo, the broca turns while the drillstring does not rotate, allowing the broca to drill in the direction it points. When a particular parede do poço direction is achieved, that direction may be maintained by rotating the entire drillstring (including the bent section) so that the broca does not drill in a single direction off the parede do poço axis, but instead sweeps around and its net direction coincides with the existing parede do poço. Rotary steerable tools allow steering while rotating, usually with higher rates of penetração and ultimately smoother boreholes.Directional perfuração is common in xisto reservoirs because it allows drillers to place the poço de petróleo in contact with the most productive reservatório rocha.
4827bottomhole assembly, poço tortuoso, deviated perfuração, directional driller, directional well, curvatura do poço, broca de perfuração, driller, geosteering, perfuração horizontal, motor de fundo, perfuração rotativa, rotary sistema de navegação, escorregão, motor de fundo para navegação
4828None
4829None
4830--
4831drill noise perfil sísmico vertical
48321.n. [Geophysics]
4833A technique for acquiring a verticalseismicprofile that uses the noise of the drill bitas a source and receivers laid out along the ground or seabed. In deep water, the receiver arrays can be deployed vertically. Acquisition andprocessingare typically more challenging than in the more conventional types of VSPs, but the technique can yield time-depth information and, less frequently, reflection information, while the well is being drilled. The information from a drill-noise VSP can be used to improve time-depth conversions while perfuração, decide where to setcasingin a well and evaluate perfuração hazards, such asanomalouspore pressão.
4834acquisition, noise, receiver, reflection, source, perfil sísmico vertical
4835None
4836None
4837--
4838db
48391.n. [Geophysics]
4840The unidade de medição to compare the relative intensity of acoustic or electrical signal, equal to one-tenth of a bel, named for American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847 to 1922). The logarithm of the ratio of the sound or signal to a padrão provides the decibel medição. The symbol for the unit is dB. Humans typically hear sounds in the varredura of 20 to 50 dB in conversation, and upwards of 90 dB when exposed to heavy machinery or aircraft.
4841None
4842None
4843decibel
4844--
4845torre de perfuração floor
48461.n. [Drilling]
4847The relatively small work area in which the sonda crew conducts operations, usually adding or removing drillpipe to or from the drillstring. The piso da plataforma is the most dangerous location on the sonda because heavy iron is moved around there. Drillstring connections are made or broken on the drillfloor, and the driller's console for controlling the major components of the sonda are located there. Attached to the piso da plataforma is a small metal room, the doghouse, where the sonda crew can meet, take breaks and take refuge from the elements during idle times.
4848doghouse, escorregão, Texas convés
4849piso da plataforma
4850None
4851--
4852directional permeabilidade
48531.n. [Well Testing]
4854Permeability that varies with direction of escoamento through the porous medium. Lateral permeabilidade contrast can be particularly important in fractured formations, where permeabilidade efetiva in the direction of the fractures may be many times greater than the matriz permeabilidade. If the permeabilidade in one direction is significantly more than in the other, the padrão de escoamento may more closely approximate linear escoamento than escoamento radial. This can be detected from well-test data.Likewise, laminations in most clastic formations cause the permeabilidade normal to the plano de acamamento to be less than the lateral permeabilidade parallel to acamamento. This is called vertical to horizontal permeabilidade anisotropia.
4855bed, isotrópico permeabilidade, laminação, linear escoamento
4856None
4857None
4858--
4859tubo de perfuração
48601.n. [Drilling]
4861Tubular steel conduit fitted with special threaded ends called tool joints. The drillpipe connects the sonda surface equipment with the bottomhole assembly and the broca, both to bomba fluido de perfuração to the broca and to be able to raise, lower and rotate the bottomhole assembly and broca.
4862bottomhole assembly, circulação system, fluido de perfuração, drillstem, drillstring, joint, conexão do tubo de perfuração
4863None
4864None
4865--
4866dd
48671.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4868A surfactant-type aditivo de lama intended to prevent formação shales and clays from sticking to the perfuração assembly and also to prevent gumbo xisto from agglomerating and tamponamento the ânulo and flowlines. Some DDs are claimed to be lama lubricants that lessen the torque and arraste of the drillstring as it is rotated and moved up and down in the poço de petróleo.
4869None
4870None
4871perfuração detergente
4872--
4873dd
48742.n. [Drilling]
4875An individual trained in the science and art of intentionally perfuração a well along a predetermined path in three-dimensional space, usually involving deviating the well from vertical and directing it in a specific compass direction or heading. The directional driller considers such parameters as rotary speed, peso sobre a broca, control perfuração and when to stop perfuração and take surveys of the wellpath, and works closely with the toolpusher.
4876None
4877None
4878directional driller
4879--
4880torrista
48811.n. [Drilling]
4882One of the sonda crew members who gets his name from the fact that he works on a platform attached to the torre de perfuração or mast, typically 85 ft [26 m] above the piso da plataforma, during trips. On small land perfuração crews, the torrista is second in rank to the driller. Larger offshore crews may have an assistant driller between the torrista and the driller. In a typical manobra out of the poço de petróleo (TOH), the torrista wears a special safety chicote that enables him to lean out from the work platform (called the monkeyboard) to reach the drillpipe in the center of the torre de perfuração or mast, throw a line around the tubo and pull it back into its storage location (the fingerboards) until it is time to run the tubo back into the well. In terms of skill, physical exertion and perceived danger, a torrista has one of the most demanding jobs on the sonda crew. Some modern perfuração rigs have automated pipe-handling equipment such that the torrista controls the machinery rather than physically handling the tubo. In an emergência, the torrista can quickly reach the ground by an escape line often called the Geronimo line.
4883derrick, driller, equipe de perfuração, escape line, fingerboard, lama cortada por gás, monkeyboard, racking back tubo, manobra completa
4884None
4885None
4886--
4887torrista
48882.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4889The member of the equipe de perfuração in carga of the mud-processing area during periods of circulação. The torrista also measures lama densidade and conducts the funil Marsh viscosidade test on a regular basis when the lama is circulating in the poço de petróleo. The torrista reports to the toolpusher, but is instructed in detail by the químico de fluidos on what to add to the lama, how fast and how much. His other job is to handle tubo in the torre de perfuração while pulling out or running into the poço de petróleo.
4890chemical barril, funnel viscosidade, funil Marsh, lama balance, lama densidade, químico de fluidos
4891None
4892None
4893--
4894directional foto
48951.n. [Drilling]
4896A completed medição of the inclinação and azimute of a location in a well (typically the profundidade final at the time of measurement). In both directional and straight holes, the position of the well must be known with reasonable acurácia to ensure the correct parede do poço path and to know its position in the evento a poço de alívio must be drilled. The measurements themselves include inclinação from vertical, and the azimute (or compass heading) of the parede do poço if the direction of the path is critical. These measurements are made at discrete points in the well, and the approximate path of the parede do poço computed from the discrete points. Measurement devices varredura from simple pendulum-like devices to complex electronic accelerometers and gyroscopes used more often as MWD becomes more popular. In simple pendulum measurements, the position of a freely hanging pendulum relative to a medição grid (attached to the alojador of the tool and assumed to represent the path of the wellbore) is captured on photographic film. The film is developed and examined when the tool is removed from the parede do poço, either on wireline or the next time tubo is tripped out of the poço de petróleo.
4897foto
4898levantamento de desvio
4899None
4900--
4901drill ship
49021.n. [Drilling]
4903A maritime vessel modified to include a sonda de perfuração and special station-keeping equipment. The vessel is typically capable of operating in deep water. A navio-sonda must stay relatively stationary on location in the water for extended periods of time. This positioning may be accomplished with múltipla anchors, dynamic propulsion (thrusters) or a combination of these. Drillships typically carry larger payloads than semisubmersible perfuração vessels, but their motion characteristics are usually inferior.
4904dynamic positioning, moon pool
4905None
4906None
4907--
4908decibel
49091.n. [Geophysics]
4910The unidade de medição to compare the relative intensity of acoustic or electrical signal, equal to one-tenth of a bel, named for American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847 to 1922). The logarithm of the ratio of the sound or signal to a padrão provides the decibel medição. The symbol for the unit is dB. Humans typically hear sounds in the varredura of 20 to 50 dB in conversation, and upwards of 90 dB when exposed to heavy machinery or aircraft.
4911acoustic, bel, faixa dinâmica, signal
4912None
4913dB
4914--
4915desareador
49161.n. [Drilling]
4917A hidrociclone device that removes large drill solids from the whole lama system. The desareador should be located jusante of the xisto shakers and degassers, but before the desilters or lama cleaners. A volume of lama is pumped into the wide upper section of the hydrocylone at an angle roughly tangent to its circumference. As the lama flows around and gradually down the inside of the cone shape, solids are separated from the liquid by centrifugal forces. The solids continue around and down until they exit the bottom of the hidrociclone (along with small amounts of liquid) and are discarded. The cleaner and lighter densidade liquid lama travels up through a vortex in the center of the hidrociclone, exits through piping at the top of the hidrociclone and is then routed to the lama tanks and the next mud-cleaning device, usually a desilter. Various size desareador and desilter cones are functionally identical, with the size of the cone determining the size of particles the device removes from the lama system.
4918degasser, desilter, depurador da lama (Port.), peneira vibratória
4919None
4920None
4921--
4922directional variograms
49231.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
4924Variograms and semivariograms that have a directional component in addition to the normal distance component. Directional variograms and semivariograms are commonly used where geological features are heterogeneous. For example, fluvial environments dominated by valleys, channels and point bars are likely to have directional components that are detectable and that will influence the behavior of fluids in these formations. Geostatistical models that use directional variograms can be expected to be more reliable in these circumstances.
4925channel, geostatistical modeling, heterogeneous formação, barra em pontal, variograma
4926None
4927None
4928--
4929drill solids
49301.n. [Drilling Fluids]
4931Formation solids contained in a lama system, generally considered to be detrimental to the perfuração operation because they produce high viscosidade plástica, yield point and gel strengths and build poor-quality filter cakes. They also occupy space that is needed for barita in high-density muds. Drill solids cause excessive wear in the lama pumps and other sonda equipment. Solids control is aimed at economically and efficiently removing drill solids. This implies removal as soon as possible after they enter the lama system, while the particles are at their largest size.
4932bypass, closed lama system, deflocculant, reboco, força gel, high-gravity solids, low-gravity solids, viscosidade plástica, retort solids, areia test, yield point
4933None
4934None
4935--
4936decollement
49371.n. [Geology]
4938A falta surface parallel to a mechanically weak horizonte or camada, or parallel to acamamento, that detaches or separates deformed rocks above from undeformed or differently deformed rocks below. Decollements, or decollement surfaces, are typical of regions of thrust faulting such as the Alps.
4939fault, thrust falta
4940None
4941None
4942--
4943desilter
49441.n. [Drilling]
4945A hidrociclone much like a desareador except that its design incorporates a greater number of smaller cones. As with the desareador, its purpose is to remove unwanted solids from the lama system. The smaller cones allow the desilter to efficiently remove smaller diameter drill solids than a desareador does. For that reason, the desilter is located jusante from the desareador in the surface lama system.
4946drill solids
4947None
4948None
4949--
4950directional well
49511.n. [Drilling]
4952A parede do poço that requires the use of special tools or techniques to ensure that the parede do poço path hits a particular subsurface target, typically located away from (as opposed to directly under) the surface location of the well.
4953directional perfuração, perfuração horizontal, slant sonda
4954None
4955None
4956--
4957drillable obturador
49581.n. [Well Completions]
4959A obturador assembly that can be removed from the parede do poço only by perfuração or trituração. Drillable packers, and similar tools such as bridge plugs, are typically made from molde iron, aluminum, plastic or similar frágil materials.
4960None
4961None
4962None
4963--
4964desconvolução (Port.)
49651.n. [Geophysics]
4966A step in sinal sísmico processing to recover high frequencies, attenuate multiples, equalize amplitudes, produce a pulso de fase zero or for other purposes that generally affect the forma de onda. Deconvolution, or inverse filtering, can improve dado sísmico that were adversely affected by filtering, or convolução that occurs naturally as seismic energy is filtered by the Earth. Deconvolution can also be performed on other types of data, such as gravity, magnetic or well perfil data.
4967autocorrelation, backscatter, deconvolução determinística, filter, filtro inverso, processing, resolution, assinatura desconvolução (Port.), zero-phase
4968None
4969None
4970--
4971desconvolução (Port.)
49722.n. [Formation Evaluation]
4973With reference to induction perfilagem, a method of removing shoulder-bed effects from an perfil de indução. The term refers to early 6FF40 and indução profunda logs in which the padrão method of desconvolução (Port.) was based on three measurements separated by 78 in. [198 cm] in depth. The three measurements were weighted by an amount calculated to reduce the effect of shoulder beds on the readings in a high-resistivity bed. Originally, the resistividade of the shoulder beds could be input, but in later usage this resistividade became standardized at 1 ohm-m. The desconvolução (Port.) was not effective in high-contrast formations. In modern tools, the shoulder effect is corrected by using an filtro inverso or an automatic inversão.
49746FF40, bed, filtro inverso, shoulder bed
4975None
4976None
4977--
4978desconvolução (Port.)
49793.n. [Well Testing]
4980A mathematical operation that uses downhole flow-rate measurements to transform pressão de fundo measurements distorted by variable rates to an interpretable transiente. Deconvolution also can use surface rates to transform cabeça de poço pressures to an interpretable form. Deconvolution has the advantage over convolução that it does not assume a particular model for the pressure-transient response. However, the simplest form of desconvolução (Port.) often gives a noisy result, and more complex approaches may be computing intensive.
4981convolution, transient-rate and pressure-test analysis
4982None
4983None
4984--
4985detectable limit
49861.n. [Geophysics]
4987The minimum thickness necessary for a camada of rocha to be visible or distinct in reflection dado sísmico. Generally, the detectable limit is at least 1/30 of the comprimento de onda. Acquisition of higher frequência dado sísmico generally results in better detection or resolução vertical of thinner layers.
4988vertical resolution, comprimento de onda
4989None
4990None
4991--
4992diretividade
49931.n. [Geophysics]
4994The property of some seismic sources whereby the amplitude, frequência, velocity or other property of the resulting seismic waves varies with direction. A carga direcional, such as a length of cartucho-escorva cord or a linear arranjo of charges, can be used when diretividade is desirable. Directivity is also a property of geofone arrays, air guns, explosives or vibrators, which can be positioned to reduce horizontal traveling noise such as rolamento superficial. Receivers in the form of groups in which the individual geophones or hydrophones are separated from each other in linear (1D) or areal (2D) arrays are directional, and are designed to suppress signal arriving nearly horizontally and to passada nearly vertical arrivals with minimum atenuação or distortion. Directivity is often present, but the difficulty in accounting for it during processamento sísmico makes it undesirable in most cases.
4995air gun, geofone arranjo, rolamento superficial, hidrofone, cartucho-escorva cord, receiver, processamento sísmico, shaped carga, source, vibrador, wave
4996None
4997None
4998--
4999drilled solids
50001.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5001Formation solids contained in a lama system, generally considered to be detrimental to the perfuração operation because they produce high viscosidade plástica, yield point and gel strengths and build poor-quality filter cakes. They also occupy space that is needed for barita in high-density muds. Drill solids cause excessive wear in the lama pumps and other sonda equipment. Solids control is aimed at economically and efficiently removing drill solids. This implies removal as soon as possible after they enter the lama system, while the particles are at their largest size.
5002bottomhole assembly, deflocculant, reboco, força gel, high-gravity solids, low-gravity solids, retort solids, yield point
5003None
5004None
5005--
5006indução profunda
50071.n. [Formation Evaluation]
5008A particular type of perfil de indução that was designed to read deep into the formação while maintaining reasonable resolução vertical. The indução profunda perfil (ID) is based on the medição of a 6FF40 arranjo and was combined with a medium induction arranjo to form the dual induction tool. Versions built after 1968 had a small extra transmissor coil to reduce the efeito de poço on the medium induction while changing the deep response very little. The midpoint of the ID integrated radial geometrical factor is at 62 in. [157 cm] radius for high resistivities, reducing to 45 in. [114 cm] at 1 ohm-m. ID receives very little signal from within 20 in. [50 cm] of the tool. The resolução vertical is about 8 ft [2.4 m] but varies with local conditions.
5009cave effect, profundidade de investigação, dual induction, geometrical factor
5010None
5011ID
5012--
5013detergência
50141.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
5015The ability of a chemical agent to remove a contaminant from a solid surface. For example, in recuperação melhorada de óleo, a tensoativo can be used to remove an óleo fase from a mineral surface. At least two mechanisms can occur: a) The tensoativo adsorbs on the contaminated surface and presents its hidrofilia group to the contacting liquid. Thus, the surface behaves hydrophilically and repels macroscopic óleo drops. b) The tensoativo adsorbs to the contaminant. It is energetically more favorable for the combination of tensoativo and contaminant to be in solução than to be attached to the surface so the contaminant is solubilized, exposing the mineral surface.
5016None
5017None
5018None
5019--
5020dirty
50211.adj. [Geology]
5022Describing rocha sedimentar that contains argila minerals. Even small amounts of argila minerals in pores can drastically reduce porosidade and permeabilidade. Dirty and clean are qualitative, descriptive terms to describe the relative amount of argila minerals in a rocha.
5023limestone, poro, arenito
5024None
5025Antonyms:clean
5026--
5027driller
50281.n. [Drilling]
5029The supervisor of the sonda crew. The driller is responsible for the efficient operation of the rigsite as well as the safety of the crew and typically has many years of rigsite experience. Most drillers have worked their way up from other rigsite jobs. While the driller must know how to perform each of the jobs on the sonda, his or her role is to supervise the work and control the major sonda systems. The driller operates the pumps, drawworks, and mesa rotativa via the drillers console-a sala de controle of gauges, control levers, rheostats, and other pneumatic, hydraulic and electronic instrumentation. The driller also operates the drawworks freio de bombeio mecânico using a long-handled lever. Hence, the driller is sometimes referred to as the person who is "on the freio de bombeio mecânico."
5030derrickman, furo direcional, doghouse, equipe de perfuração, mesa rotativa
5031None
5032None
5033--
5034deep penetrating carga
50351.n. [Perforating]
5036A canhoneio carga designed to provide a long canhoneado tunnel, such as may be required to bypass any near-wellbore damage. Specially designed deep-penetrating charges achieve this additional length while retaining a medium-sized entrance poço de petróleo, an important consideration in high-shot densidade applications.
5037entrance poço de petróleo, canhoneio carga
5038None
5039None
5040--
5041deterministic methods
50421.n. [Reservoir Characterization]
5043Techniques that use equations or algorithms that have been previously developed for similar situations. These methods do not involve stochastic or statistical approaches. Deterministic methods are generally easier and faster to apply and readily lend themselves to computer applications. However, they may not provide the most detailed or the most accurate reservatório models.
5044stochastic methods
5045None
5046None
5047--
5048desconformidade
50491.n. [Geology]
5050A geologic surface that separates younger strata from older strata and represents a time of nondeposition, possibly combined with erosão. Some disconformities are highly irregular whereas others have no relevo and can be difficult to distinguish within a series of parallel strata.
5051angular unconformity, erosão, erosão, hiatus, não conformidade, estrato, unconformity
5052None
5053None
5054--
5055drill in fluid
50561.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5057A special fluid designed exclusively for perfuração through the reservatório section of a parede do poço. The reasons for using a specially designed lama are: (1) to drill the reservatório zone successfully, often a long, horizontal drainhole. (2) to minimize damage and maximize produção of exposed zones. (3) to facilitate the completação de poços needed, which can include complicated procedures. A drill-in fluid should resemble a CASAM. It may be a salmoura containing only selected solids of appropriate tamanho de partícula ranges (salt crystals or calcium carbonate) and polymers. Only additives essential for filtração control and amostras de calha carrying are present in a drill-in fluid.
5058bland testemunhagem fluid, salmoura, carbonato de cálcio, carboxymethyl amido, carrying capacity, cesium acetate, cesium formate, CASAM, conventional lama, testemunho, filtro prensa, filtrado tracer, filtração, formate, dano da formação, hydroxypropyl amido, particle-plugging test, sintered, sized carbonato de cálcio, sized sal, cimento pastoso
5059None
5060None
5061--
5062deep seismic sounding
50631.n. [Geophysics]
5064A seismic profile recorded specifically to study the lower crust, the Mohorovicic descontinuidade and the mantle of the Earth, typically using refraction methods. Most padrão seismic reflection profiles record only a small fração (typically, on the order of 10 km [6 miles]) of the Earth's crust, which is 5 to 75 km [3 to 45 miles] thick.
5065DSS, Mohorovicic descontinuidade, reflection, refraction
5066None
5067None
5068--
5069detonator
50701.n. [Geophysics]
5071A small, electrically activated explosive carga that explodes a larger carga. Detonators, also called caps, seismic caps or extração por explosão caps, are used for seismic acquisition with an explosive source to achieve consistent timing of detonation.
5072cap, detonate, seismic acquisition
5073None
5074detonador
5075--
5076detonator
50772.n. [Perforating]
5078A device containing primary high-explosive material that is used to initiate an explosive sequence. The two common types of detonators are electrical detonators (also known as extração por explosão caps) and percussion detonators. Electrical detonators have a fuse material that burns when high voltage is applied to initiate the primary high explosive. Percussion detonators contain abrasive grit and primary high explosive in a sealed container that is activated by a firing pin. The impact force of the firing pin is sufficient to initiate the ballistic sequence that is then transmitted to the cordel detonante. Several safety systems are used in conjunction with detonators to avoid accidental firing during rig-up or rig-down. Safety systems also are used to disarm the gun or ballistic assembly if downhole conditions are unsafe for firing.
5079cap, cordel detonante, desmontagem da sonda, montagem da sonda
5080None
5081detonador
5082--
5083descontinuidade
50841.n. [Geophysics]
5085A subsurface boundary or interface at which a physical quantity, such as the velocity of transmissão of seismic waves, changes abruptly. The velocity of P-waves increases dramatically (from about 6.5 to 8.0 km/s) at the Mohorovicic descontinuidade between the Earth's crust and mantle.
5086Mohorovicic descontinuidade, P-wave, onda sísmica
5087None
5088None
5089--
5090perfuração break
50911.n. [Drilling]
5092A sudden increase in the taxa de penetração during perfuração. When this increase is significant (two or more times the normal speed, depending on local conditions), it may indicate a formação change, a change in the pressão de poro of the formação fluids, or both. It is commonly interpreted as an indication of the broca perfuração areia (high-speed drilling) rather than xisto (low-speed drilling). The fast-drilling formação may or may not contain high-pressure fluids. Therefore, the driller commonly stops perfuração and performs a escoamento check to determine if the formação is flowing. If the well is flowing, or if the results are uncertain, the driller may close the erupção preventers or circulate bottoms-up. Depending on the broca being used and the formations being drilled, a formação, even if areia, may sometimes drill slower rather than faster. This slowing of perfuração progress, while technically also a perfuração break, is usually referred to as a "reverse perfuração break", or simply "reverse break."
5093erupção preventer, formação fluid, pressão de poro, taxa de penetração
5094None
5095None
5096--
5097deep penetrating carga
50981.n. [Perforating]
5099A canhoneio carga designed to provide a long canhoneado tunnel, such as may be required to bypass any near-wellbore damage. Specially designed deep-penetrating charges achieve this additional length while retaining a medium-sized entrance poço de petróleo, an important consideration in high-shot densidade applications.
5100entrance poço de petróleo, canhoneio carga
5101None
5102None
5103--
5104detrital
51051.adj. [Geology]
5106Pertaining to particles of rocha derived from the mechanical breakdown of preexisting rocks by intemperismo and erosão. Detrital fragments can be transported to recombine and, through the process of litificação, become sedimentary rocks. Detrital is usually used synonymously with clastic, although a few authors differentiate between intemperismo of particles, which forms detrital sediments, and mechanical breakage, which produces clastic sediments.
5107alluvial, clastic sedimento, argila, areia, sedimento, xisto
5108None
5109None
5110--
5111escoamento bolhas dispersas
51121.n. [Production Logging]
5113A escoamento multifásico regime in pipes in which one fluid moves as small dispersed bubbles through a continuous fluid. The relative velocity of the bubbles depends mainly on the difference in densidade between the two fluids. Bubble escoamento normally occurs at low vazão and low holdup of the bubbly fluid. As the velocity of the continuous fluid increases, the bubbles are dispersed into smaller, more widely separated bubbles. This is known as a dispersed or finely escoamento bolhas dispersas, or sometimes dispersed escoamento.
5114escoamento structure, escoamento-tampão, escoamento em golfadas
5115bubble escoamento
5116None
5117--
5118perfuração contractor
51191.n. [Drilling]
5120The company that owns and operates a sonda de perfuração. The perfuração contractor usually charges a fixed daily rate for its hardware (the rig) and software (the people), plus certain extraordinary expenses. Under this arrangement, the cost of the well is largely a function of the time it takes to drill and complete the well. The other primary contracting methods are footage rates (where the contractor receives an agreed upon amount per foot of poço de petróleo drilled), or turnkey operations, where the contractor may assume substantial risco of the operations and receives a ‘chave na mão’ (Port. e Ang.) payment upon supplying a well of a given specification to the operador.
5121contrato de modernização e operação depth, day rate, roustabout
5122None
5123None
5124--
5125deepwater alvo exploratório
51261.n. [Geology]
5127Exploration activity located in offshore areas where water depths exceed approximately 600 feet [200 m], the approximate lâmina d´água at the edge of the plataforma continental. While deep-water reservatório targets are geologically similar to reservoirs drilled both in shallower present-day water depths as well as terrestre, the logistics of producing hydrocarbons from reservoirs located below such water depths presents a considerable technical challenge.
5128continental shelf, exploração, hidrocarboneto, alvo exploratório, shelf
5129None
5130None
5131--
5132detritus
51331.n. [Geology]
5134Particles ofrockderived from the mechanical breakdown of preexisting rocks byweathering anderosion. Detrital fragments can be transported to recombine and, through the process oflithification, becomesedimentaryrocks. Detrital is usually used synonymously with clastic, although a few authors differentiate between intemperismo of particles, which forms detrital sediments, and mechanical breakage, which produces clastic sediments.
5135clastic sedimento
5136None
5137None
5138--
5139dispersão
51401.n. [Geophysics]
5141A type of distortion of a trem de ondas in which the velocity of the wave varies with frequência. Surface waves and electromagnetic body waves typically exhibit dispersão, whereas P-waves in most rocks show little change in velocity with frequência.
5142body wave, distortion, frequência, P-wave, surface wave
5143None
5144None
5145--
5146dispersão
51472.n. [Geophysics]
5148The phenomenon of a wave separating into its frequência constituents as it passes through a medium. Each frequência component travels at its velocidade de fase (vp), which is the product of the frequência (f) and comprimento de onda (λ) of that component.Angular dispersão results from anisotropia, which causes velocity to vary with direction.Dispersion affects all types of waves, including light, electromagnetic, sound, elastic, gravity and water waves.
5149fase velocity, velocidade de grupo
5150None
5151None
5152--
5153dispersão
51543.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5155The act of breaking up large particles into smaller ones and distributing them throughout a liquid or gaseous medium. For example, in lama à base de água, dispersão is the act of degrading argila materials, starches, carboximetilcelulose, biopolímero, sintético polymers or oils into submicroscopic particles by applying mechanical energy, heat or chemical means. In oil-mud emulsão terminology, dispersão is the act of forming a fine-grained emulsão of an aquoso fase into an óleo. This is usually accomplished with by mechanical cisalhamento or heating in the presence of surfactants. It also includes dispersing solids into an óleo lama, such as barita or organophilic clays. Mud viscosidade increases as more and more platelets are dispersed. No gel structure can form as long as mechanical cisalhamento is in progress.
5156aggregation, clay-water interaction, coloide, colloidal solids, dispersante, hidrofilia, óleo lama, water-base fluido de perfuração
5157None
5158None
5159--
5160dispersão
51614.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5162A colloidal system, such as a fluido de perfuração, that has been dispersed. More generally, the term applies to any two (or more) fase system in which one fase exists as small particles or droplets dispersed in the second fase.
5163colloid, colloidal solids, dispersante, fluido de perfuração, hidrofilia
5164None
5165None
5166--
5167dispersão
51685.n. [Enhanced Oil Recovery]
5169Spatial separation of components within a fluid. This separation is often driven by difusão, mixing or differential escoamento. In an campo de petróleo components might be separated because of heterogeneity of permeabilidade, or simply because of different paths taken by the fluid through the poro structure. Hydrodynamic dispersão includes both of these mechanical effects and molecular difusão. The components of an recuperação melhorada de óleo formulation can also be dispersed within a porous rocha via differential adsorção properties (chromatographic effects).
5170None
5171None
5172None
5173--
5174equipe de perfuração
51751.n. [Drilling]
5176Personnel who operate the sonda de perfuração. The crew typically consists of roustabouts, roughnecks, floor hands, lead tong operators, motormen, derrickmen, assistant drillers, and the driller. Since perfuração rigs operate around the clock, there are at least two crews (twelve hour work shifts called tours, more common when operating offshore), or three crews (eight hour tours, more common onshore). In addition, perfuração contractors must be able to supply relevo crews from time to time when crew members are unavailable. Though less common now than in years past, the perfuração contractor may opt to hire only a driller, and the driller in turn is responsible for hiring everyone reporting to him.
5177derrickman, driller, motorman, plataformista, roustabout, toolpusher, tour
5178None
5179None
5180--
5181deep water alvo exploratório
51821.n. [Geology]
5183Exploration activity located in offshore areas where water depths exceed approximately 600 feet [200 m], the approximate lâmina d´água at the edge of the plataforma continental. While deep-water reservatório targets are geologically similar to reservoirs drilled both in shallower present-day water depths as well as terrestre, the logistics of producing hydrocarbons from reservoirs located below such water depths presents a considerable technical challenge.
5184continental shelf, exploração, hidrocarboneto, alvo exploratório, shelf
5185None
5186None
5187--
5188development
51891.n. [Geology]
5190The fase of petróleo operations that occurs after exploração has proven successful, and before full-scale produção. The newly discovered óleo or gás field is assessed during an appraisal fase, a plan to fully and efficiently exploit it is created, and additional wells are usually drilled.
5191geophysics, licensing round, alvo exploratório
5192None
5193None
5194--
5195substituição de fluido
51961.n. [Geology]
5197The distância of segments or points that were once continuous or adjacent. Layers of rocha that have been moved by the action of faults show substituição de fluido on either side of the falta surface.
5198fault, transform falta
5199None
5200None
5201--
5202substituição de fluido
52032.n. [Geophysics]
5204The movement of a partícula by wave action, such as movement of rocha grains when a onda sísmica shakes the ground.
5205amplitude, onda sísmica, wave
5206None
5207None
5208--
5209substituição de fluido
52103.n. [Geophysics]
5211The horizontal distance between a seismic refraction depth point and the geofone where refracted energy or refraction signal was recorded.
5212depth point, geofone, refraction
5213None
5214None
5215--
5216substituição de fluido
52174.n. [Drilling]
5218The shortest distance from the surface location of a well to the vertical projection of the bottom of the well (or other point in the well) to the Earth's surface. Horizontal wells often have total displacements of 1000 ft [305 m] or more from the surface location, and the world record exceeds 10 km [6.2 miles] of substituição de fluido.
5219None
5220None
5221None
5222--
5223substituição de fluido
52245.n. [Drilling]
5225The act of removing one fluid (usually liquid) from a parede do poço and replacing it with another. This is accomplished by pumping a espaçador fluid that is benign to both the first and second fluid, followed by the new fluid, down the drillstring and out the bottom of the drillstring or broca. While the espaçador and second fluid are pumped into the top of the parede do poço, the first fluid is forced out of the ânulo between the drillstring and the parede do poço or revestimento. In some cases, this general procedure may be reversed by pumping in the top of the ânulo and taking fluid back from the drillstring. Since this is the reverse of the normal circulação path, this is referred to as "reversing out" or "reverse circulação."
5226annulus, revestimento, circulação reversa, espaçador fluid
5227None
5228None
5229--
5230substituição de fluido
52316.n. [Drilling]
5232The act of forcing a pasta de cimento that has been pumped into a coluna de revestimento or drillstring to exit the bottom of the revestimento or drillstring by pumping another fluid behind it. Cement substituição de fluido is similar to definition 5 above, with the noted exception that the pasta de cimento would not normally be pumped out the top of the ânulo, but would instead be placed in a particular location in the ânulo. This location might be the entire ânulo on a short coluna de revestimento, or filling only a bottom portion of the revestimento on longer revestimento strings.
5233revestimento coluna, substituição de fluido fluid
5234None
5235None
5236--
5237perfuração foreman
52381.n. [Drilling]
5239The location supervisor for the perfuração contractor. The toolpusher is usually a senior, experienced individual who has worked his way up through the ranks of the equipe de perfuração positions. His job is largely administrative, including ensuring that the sonda has sufficient materials, spare parts and skilled personnel to continue efficient operations. The toolpusher also serves as a trusted advisor to many personnel on the rigsite, including the operator's representative, the company man.
5240company man, driller
5241toolpusher
5242None
5243--
5244deflector medidor de vazão
52451.n. [Production Logging]
5246A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid escoamento in a produção or poço injetor in which the total fluid escoamento is diverted to passada over an impulsor, or spinner. Various techniques have been used to achieve this, one of the earliest being the obturador medidor de vazão. In a typical modern device, the BOP de baixa pressão consists of a arcabouço in a metal gaiola that is collapsed to passada through the tubo de produção and other restrictions. Below the tubo de produção, the gaiola is opened until an inflatable ring seals against the revestimento wall. At this point, the up-going produção fluids are forced through the BOP de baixa pressão and over an impulsor. This ensures that the total revestimento escoamento is measured, but may also create an extra perda de carga and hence a change in escoamento multifásico structure.The BOP de baixa pressão medidor de vazão is particularly suitable for low escoamento rates in vertical or moderately deviated wells. Readings are made with the tool stationary.
5247flow-concentrating, poço injetor, escoamento multifásico, obturador medidor de vazão, perfil de produção, spinner medidor de vazão, torque medidor de vazão
5248BOP de baixa pressão medidor de vazão
5249None
5250--
5251deviated perfuração
52521.n. [Shale Gas, Drilling]
5253The intentional deviation of a parede do poço from the path it would naturally take. This is accomplished through the use of whipstocks, bottomhole assembly (BHA) configurations, instruments to measure the path of the parede do poço in three-dimensional space, data links to communicate measurements taken downhole to the surface, lama motors and special BHA components and brocas de perfuração, including rotary steerable systems, and brocas de perfuração. The directional driller also exploits parâmetros de perfuração such as peso sobre a broca and rotary speed to deflect the broca away from the axis of the existing parede do poço. In some cases, such as perfuração steeply dipping formations or unpredictable deviation in conventional operações de perfuração, directional-drilling techniques may be employed to ensure that the poço de petróleo is drilled vertically. While many techniques can accomplish this, the general concept is simple: point the broca in the direction that one wants to drill. The most common way is through the use of a bend near the broca in a downhole steerable motor de fundo. The bend points the broca in a direction different from the axis of the parede do poço when the entire drillstring is not rotating. By pumping lama through the motor de fundo, the broca turns while the drillstring does not rotate, allowing the broca to drill in the direction it points. When a particular parede do poço direction is achieved, that direction may be maintained by rotating the entire drillstring (including the bent section) so that the broca does not drill in a single direction off the parede do poço axis, but instead sweeps around and its net direction coincides with the existing parede do poço. Rotary steerable tools allow steering while rotating, usually with higher rates of penetração and ultimately smoother boreholes.Directional perfuração is common in xisto reservoirs because it allows drillers to place the poço de petróleo in contact with the most productive reservatório rocha.
5254directional driller, directional well, geosteering, perfuração horizontal, motor de fundo, escorregão, motor de fundo para navegação
5255furo direcional
5256None
5257--
5258substituição de fluido fluid
52591.n. [Drilling]
5260The fluid, usually lama de perfuração, used to force a pasta de cimento out of the coluna de revestimento and into the ânulo.
5261revestimento coluna, substituição de fluido, lama de perfuração
5262None
5263None
5264--
5265perfuração rate
52661.n. [Drilling]
5267The speed at which the broca de perfuração can break the rocha under it and thus deepen the parede do poço. This speed is usually reported in units of feet per hour or meters per hour.
5268antiwhirl broca, broca de perfuração
5269None
5270None
5271--
5272deflocculant
52731.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5274A thinning agent used to reduce viscosidade or prevent flocculation; incorrectly called a "dispersant." Most deflocculants are low-molecular weight anionic polymers that neutralize positive charges on argila edges. Examples include polyphosphates, lignosulfonates, quebracho and various water-soluble sintético polymers.
5275acrylamide polímero, acrylate polímero, Bingham plastic model, bland testemunhagem fluid, carbonato ião (Port.), chrome lignosulfonato, chrome-free, clay-water interaction, conventional lama, deflocculated lama, direct-indicating viscosímetro, drill solids, força gel, gyp lama, kill-weight fluid, lignina, lignito, lignosulfonato, phosphate sal, viscosidade plástica, polar compound, polímero, red lama, reologia, SAPP, sulfonated polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolímero, tannic ácido, tannin, yield point
5276thinner
5277Antonyms:flocculant
5278--
5279deviated poço de petróleo
52801.n. [Drilling]
5281A parede do poço that is not vertical. The term usually indicates a parede do poço intentionally drilled away from vertical.
5282revestimento centralizador, centralizador, poço tortuoso, carga hidrostática, inclinação, jato, perfilagem contínua
5283None
5284None
5285--
5286poço de descarte
52871.n. [Well Completions]
5288A well, often a depleted óleo or poço de gás, into which waste fluids can be injected for safe disposal. Disposal wells typically are subject to regulatory requirements to avoid the contamination of freshwater aquifers.
5289aquífero
5290None
5291None
5292--
5293sonda de perfuração
52941.n. [Drilling]
5295The machine used to drill a parede do poço. In terrestre operations, the sonda includes virtually everything except living quarters. Major components of the sonda include the lama tanks, the lama pumps, the torre de perfuração or mast, the drawworks, the mesa rotativa or topdrive, the drillstring, the power generation equipment and auxiliary equipment. Offshore, the sonda includes the same components as terrestre, but not those of the vessel or perfuração platform itself. The sonda is sometimes referred to as the perfuração package, particularly offshore.
5296montagem da sonda
5297sonda
5298None
5299--
5300deflocculated lama
53011.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5302A clay-based, water lama that has had its viscosidade reduced with a chemical treatment; incorrectly, called a "dispersed" lama. The chemical used is a deflocculant, not a dispersante. A well-known and effective argila deflocculant is lignosulfonato. The lama, after being deflocculated, usually shows much improved filter-cake qualities with lower yield point and gel strengths. Filter-cake quality is improved because when clays are deflocculated, the platelets become detached from each other and can lie flat to form a thin, low-permeability reboco. Lowering yield point and força gel may not always be desired and can be adjusted by the amount of deflocculant added in each treatment. If yield point and gels are lowered too far, suspensão and cutting capacity of the lama are impaired.
5303acrylate polímero, calcium contamination, carbonato ião (Port.), chromate sal, clay-water interaction, reboco, força gel, lignito, quebracho, water lama, yield point
5304None
5305None
5306--
5307levantamento de desvio
53081.n. [Drilling]
5309A completed medição of the inclinação and azimute of a location in a well (typically the profundidade final at the time of measurement). In both directional and straight holes, the position of the well must be known with reasonable acurácia to ensure the correct parede do poço path and to know its position in the evento a poço de alívio must be drilled. The measurements themselves include inclinação from vertical, and the azimute (or compass heading) of the parede do poço if the direction of the path is critical. These measurements are made at discrete points in the well, and the approximate path of the parede do poço computed from the discrete points. Measurement devices varredura from simple pendulum-like devices to complex electronic accelerometers and gyroscopes used more often as MWD becomes more popular. In simple pendulum measurements, the position of a freely hanging pendulum relative to a medição grid (attached to the alojador of the tool and assumed to represent the path of the wellbore) is captured on photographic film. The film is developed and examined when the tool is removed from the parede do poço, either on wireline or the next time tubo is tripped out of the poço de petróleo.
5310foto
5311directional foto
5312None
5313--
5314dissolved solids
53151.n. [Drilling Fluids]
5316In water analysis, the soluble components in a sample or the residue left after evaporation of a sample. Dissolved solids are reported as ppm or mg/L. Dissolved solids are included in retort solids and can be calculated from chemical analysis results by assuming that all dissolved solids are either NaCl or CaCl2, or a mixture of the two.
5317calcium test, chloride test, milligrams per liter, ppm, retort solids, suspended solids, water, óleo and solids test
5318None
5319None
5320--
5321drill noise perfil sísmico vertical
53221.n. [Geophysics]
5323A technique for acquiring a verticalseismicprofile that uses the noise of the drill bitas a source and receivers laid out along the ground or seabed. In deep water, the receiver arrays can be deployed vertically. Acquisition andprocessingare typically more challenging than in the more conventional types of VSPs, but the technique can yield time-depth information and, less frequently, reflection information, while the well is being drilled. The information from a drill-noise VSP can be used to improve time-depth conversions while perfuração, decide where to setcasingin a well and evaluate perfuração hazards, such asanomalouspore pressão.
5324acquisition, noise, receiver, reflection, source, perfil sísmico vertical
5325None
5326None
5327--
5328defoaming plates
53291.n. [Production Facilities]
5330In a separador, a series of inclined parallel plates or tubes to promote coalescência, or merging, of the espuma bubbles liberated from the liquid.
5331None
5332None
5333None
5334--
5335ponto de orvalho
53361.n. [Well Testing, Enhanced Oil Recovery]
5337Thepressureat which the firstcondensateliquid comes out of solução in a gás condensado. Many gás condensado reservoirs are saturada at initial conditions, meaning that the dewpoint is equal to the initialreservoir pressão. Condensate dissolução is called retrograde condensação because this is counter to the behavior of pure substances, which vaporize when the pressão drops below thesaturationpressure under isotérmico (constant temperature) conditions.
5338gás condensado, pressão inicial do reservatório, retrograde condensação
5339None
5340None
5341--
5342distortion
53431.n. [Geophysics]
5344The inability of a system to exactly match input and output, a general example being an electronic amplifier and the classic example being a home stereophonic amplifier.
5345bias, dispersão, faixa dinâmica, distorção harmônica, zero-phase
5346distorção de amplitude
5347None
5348--