· 6 years ago · Dec 29, 2019, 08:14 AM
1The Terrorist's Handbook
2 ------------------------
3 Written BY: UNKNOWN AUTHOR
4
5HEAVILY EDITED by: Kloey Detect of Five O and B.S. of Hardbodies
6
7Special thanks to WordPerfect Corporation for their spelling
8checker.......This file NEEDED IT!
9
10(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)
11SPECIAL THANX ALSO GOES OUT TO:
12
13Nitro Glycerine: For providing the files!
14Xpax : For being patient while the cop was there!
15The Producer : For getting the files to me....
16The Director : For getting the files to me....
17Mr.Camaro : For his BIG EGO!!!
18The Magician : For ALL the Bernoulli carts he is gonna send!!
19
20
21This is a collection of many years worth of effort........this is
22the original manuscript for a non-published work, from an unknown
23author.....It was originally two LARGE files which had to be
24merged and then HEAVILY EDITED, mostly the pictures, and then
25spellchecked...This guy is a chemical genius but he could not
26spell if his life depended on it....I have simply run a spell
27check via WordPerfect 4.2, so there are probably more errors
28which were not picked up...sorry...I hope you have the patience
29to sit through this file, read it, then correct every little
30error....It is not like I am submitting it or anything...!!!!!
31
32
33This file is dedicated To Kathie & KiKi
34.....Wherever you both may be.....
35
36
37 THE TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK
38 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
39
40
411.0 INTRODUCTION
42
43 Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies, a division of Chaos Industries (CHAOS), is
44proud to present this first edition of The Terrorist's Handbook. First and
45foremost, let it be stated that Chaos Industries assumes no responsibilities
46for any misuse of the information presented in this publication. The purpose
47of this is to show the many techniques and methods used by those people in this
48and other countries who employ terror as a means to political and social goals.
49The techniques herein can be obtained from public libraries, and can usually be
50carried out by a terrorist with minimal equipment. This makes one all the more
51frightened, since any lunatic or social deviant could obtain this information,
52and use it against anyone. The processes and techniques herein SHOULD NOT BE
53CARRIED OUT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES!! SERIOUS HARM OR DEATH COULD OCCUR FROM
54ATTEMPTING TO PERFORM ANY OF THE METHODS IN THIS PUBLICATION. THIS IS MERELY
55FOR READING ENJOYMENT, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR ACTUAL USE!!
56
57Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies feels that it is important that everyone has some
58idea of just how easy it is for a terrorist to perform acts of terror; that is
59the reason for the existence of this publication.
60
61
62
63
64
65
661.1 Table of Contents
67 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
68
692.0 ....... BUYING EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS
702.01 ........ Black Powder
712.02 ........ Pyrodex
722.03 ........ Rocket Engine Powder
732.04 ........ Rifle/Shotgun Powder
742.05 ........ Flash Powder
752.06 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
762.1 ....... ACQUIRING CHEMICALS
772.11 ........ Techniques for Picking Locks
782.2 ....... LIST OF USEFUL HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND AVAILABILITY
792.3 ....... PREPARATION OF CHEMICALS
802.31 ........ Nitric Acid
812.32 ........ Sulfuric Acid
822.33 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
833.0 ....... EXPLOSIVE RECIPES
843.01 ........ Explosive Theory
853.1 ....... IMPACT EXPLOSIVES
863.11 ........ Ammonium Triiodide Crystals
873.12 ........ Mercury Fulminate
883.13 ........ Nitroglycerine
893.14 ........ Picrates
903.2 ....... LOW ORDER EXPLOSIVES
913.21 ........ Black Powder
923.22 ........ Nitrocellulose
933.23 ........ Fuel + Oxodizer mixtures
943.24 ........ Perchlorates
953.3 ....... HIGH ORDER EXPLOSIVES
963.31 ........ R.D.X. (Cyclonite)
973.32 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
983.33 ........ ANFOS
993.34 ........ T.N.T.
1003.35 ........ Potassium Chlorate
1013.36 ........ Dynamite
1023.37 ........ Nitrostarch Explosives
1033.38 ........ Picric Acid
1043.39 ........ Ammonium Picrate (Explosive D)
1053.40 ........ Nitrogen Trichloride
1063.41 ........ Lead Azide
1073.5 ....... OTHER "EXPLOSIVES"
1083.51 ........ Thermit
1093.52 ........ Molotov Cocktails
1103.53 ........ Chemical Fire Bottle
1113.54 ........ Bottled Gas Explosives
1124.0 ....... USING EXPLOSIVES
1134.1 ....... SAFETY
1144.2 ....... IGNITION DEVICES
1154.21 ........ Fuse Ignition
1164.22 ........ Impact Ignition
1174.23 ........ Electrical Ignition
1184.24 ........ Electro - Mechanical Ignition
1194.241 ....... Mercury Switches
1204.242 ....... Tripwire Switches
1214.243 ....... Radio Control Detonators
1224.3 ....... DELAYS
1234.31 ........ Fuse Delays
1244.32 ........ Timer Delays
1254.33 ........ Chemical Delays
126
127
128
129
130
131
1324.4 ....... EXPLOSIVE CONTAINERS
1334.41 ........ Paper Containers
1344.42 ........ Metal Containers
1354.43 ........ Glass Containers
1364.44 ........ Plastic Containers
1374.5 ....... ADVANCED USES FOR EXPLOSIVES
1384.51 ........ Shaped Charges
1394.52 ........ Tube Explosives
1404.53 ........ Atomized Particle Explosions
1414.54 ........ Lightbulb Bombs
1424.55 ........ Book Bombs
1434.56 ........ Phone Bombs
1445.0 ....... SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PROJECTILE WEAPONS
1455.1 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (PRIMITIVE)
1465.11 ........ Bow and Crossbow Ammunition
1475.12 ........ Blowgun Ammunition
1485.13 ........ Wrist Rocket and Slingshot Ammunition
1495.2 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (FIREARMS)
1505.21 ........ Handgun Ammunition
1515.22 ........ Shotguns
1525.3 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (COMPRESSED GAS)
1535.31 ........ .177 Caliber B.B Gun Ammunition
1545.32 ........ .22 Caliber Pellet Gun Ammunition
1556.0 ....... ROCKETS AND CANNONS
1566.1 ....... ROCKETS
1576.11 ........ Basic Rocket-Bomb
1586.12 ........ Long Range Rocket-Bomb
1596.13 ........ Multiple Warhead Rocket-Bombs
1606.2 ........ CANNONS
1616.21 ........ Basic Pipe Cannon
1626.22 ........ Rocket-Firing Cannon
1637.0 ....... PYROTECHNICA ERRATA
1647.1 ......... Smoke Bombs
1657.2 ......... Colored Flames
1667.3 ......... Tear Gas
1677.4 ......... Fireworks
1687.41 ........ Firecrackers
1697.42 ........ Skyrockets
1707.43 ........ Roman Candles
1718.0 ....... LISTS OF SUPPLIERS AND FURTHER INFORMATION
1729.0 ....... CHECKLIST FOR RAIDS ON LABS
17310.0 ...... USEFUL PYROCHEMISTRY
17411.0 ...... ABOUT THE AUTHOR
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
1982.0 BUYING EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS
199
200 Almost any city or town of reasonable size has a gun store and
201a pharmacy. These are two of the places that potential terrorists visit in
202order to purchase explosive material. All that one has to do is know something
203about the non-explosive uses of the materials. Black powder, for example,
204is used in blackpowder firearms. It comes in varying "grades", with each
205different grade being a slightly different size. The grade of black powder
206depends on what the calibre of the gun that it is used in; a fine grade of
207powder could burn too fast in the wrong caliber weapon. The rule is:
208the smaller the grade, the faster the burn rate of the powder.
209
210
2112.01 BLACK POWDER
212
213
214 Black powder is generally available in three grades. As stated before,
215the smaller the grade, the faster the powder burns. Burn rate is extremely
216important in bombs. Since an explosion is a rapid increase of gas volume in
217a confined environment, to make an explosion, a quick-burning powder is
218desirable. The three common grades of black powder are listed below, along
219with the usual bore width (calibre) of what they are used in. Generally,
220the fastest burning powder, the FFF grade is desirable. However, the other
221grades and uses are listed below:
222
223
224 GRADE BORE WIDTH EXAMPLE OF GUN
225 ÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
226
227 F .50 or greater model cannon; some rifles
228 FF .36 - .50 large pistols; small rifles
229 FFF .36 or smaller pistols; derringers
230
231
232 The FFF grade is the fastest burning, because the smaller grade has
233more surface area or burning surface exposed to the flame front. The larger
234grades also have uses which will be discussed later. The price range of
235black powder, per pound, is about $8.50 - $9.00. The price is not affected
236by the grade, and so one saves oneself time and work if one buys the finer
237grade of powder. The major problems with black powder are that it can be
238ignited accidentally by static electricity, and that it has a tendency to
239absorb moisture from the air. To safely crush it, a bomber would use a plastic
240spoon and a wooden salad bowl. Taking a small pile at a time, he or she would
241apply pressure to the powder through the spoon and rub it in a series of strokes
242or circles, but not too hard. It is fine enough to use when it is about as fine
243as flour. The fineness, however, is dependant on what type of device one wishes
244to make; obviously, it would be impracticle to crush enough powder to fill a 1
245foot by 4 inch radius pipe. Anyone can purchase black powder, since anyone can
246own black powder firearms in America.
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
2652.02 PYRODEX
266
267
268 Pyrodex is a synthetic powder that is used like black powder. It comes
269in the same grades, but it is more expensive per pound. However, a one pound
270container of pyrodex contains more material by volume than a pound of black
271powder. It is much easier to crush to a very fine powder than black powder, and
272it is considerably safer and more reliable. This is because it will
273not be set off by static electricity, as black can be, and it is less inclined
274to absorb moisture. It costs about $10.00 per pound. It can be crushed in the
275same manner as black powder, or it can be dissolved in boiling water and dried.
276
277
2782.03 ROCKET ENGINE POWDER
279
280 One of the most exciting hobbies nowadays is model rocketry. Estes is
281the largest producer of model rocket kits and engines. Rocket engines are
282composed of a single large grain of propellant. This grain is surrounded by
283a fairly heavy cardboard tubing. One gets the propellant by slitting the tube
284lengthwise, and unwrapping it like a paper towel roll. When this is done, the
285grey fire clay at either end of the propellant grain must be removed. This is
286usually done gently with a plastic or brass knife. The material is exceptionally
287hard, and must be crushed to be used. By gripping the grain on the widest
288setting on a set of pliers, and putting the grain and powder in a plastic bag,
289the powder will not break apart and shatter all over. This should be done to
290all the large chunks of powder, and then it should be crushed like black powder.
291Rocket engines come in various sizes, ranging from 1/4 A - 2T to the incredibly
292powerful D engines. The larger the engine, the more expensive. D engines come
293in packages of three, and cost about $5.00 per package. Rocket engines are
294perhaps the single most useful item sold in stores to a terrorist, since they
295can be used as is, or can be cannibalized for their explosive powder.
296
297
2982.04 RIFLE/SHOTGUN POWDER
299
300 Rifle powder and shotgun powder are really the same from a practicle
301standpoint. They are both nitrocellulose based propellants. They will be
302referred to as gunpowder in all future references. Gunpowder is made by the
303action of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid upon cotton. This material is
304then dissolved by solvents and then reformed in the desired grain size. When
305dealing with gunpowder, the grain size is not nearly as important as that of
306black powder. Both large and small grained gunpowder burn fairly slowly
307compared to black powder when unconfined, but when it is confined, gunpowder
308burns both hotter and with more gaseous expansion, producing more pressure.
309Therefore, the grinding process that is often necessary for other propellants
310is not necessary for gunpowder. Gunpowder costs about $9.00 per pound. Any
311idiot can buy it, since there are no restrictions on rifles or shotguns in the
312U.S.
313
314
3152.05 FLASH POWDER
316
317
318 Flash powder is a mixture of powdered zirconium metal and various
319oxidizers. It is extremely sensitive to heat or sparks, and should be treated
320with more care than black powder, with which it should NEVER be mixed. It is
321sold in small containers which must be mixed and shaken before use. It is very
322finely powdered, and is available in three speeds: fast, medium, and slow. The
323fast flash powder is the best for using in explosives or detonators.
324
325
326
327
328
329 It burns very rapidly, regardless of confinement or packing, with a hot
330white "flash", hence its name. It is fairly expensive, costing about $11.00.
331It is sold in magic shops and theatre supply stores.
332
333
3342.06 AMMONIUM NITRATE
335
336
337 Ammonium nitrate is a high explosive material that is often used as
338a commercial "safety explosive" It is very stable, and is difficult to ignite
339with a match. It will only light if the glowing, red-hot part of a match is
340touching it. It is also difficult to detonate; (the phenomenon of detonation
341will be explained later) it requires a large shockwave to cause it to go high
342explosive. Commercially, it is sometimes mixed with a small amount of
343nitroglycerine to increase its sensitivity. Ammonium nitrate is used in the
344"Cold-Paks" or "Instant Cold", available in most drug stores. The "Cold Paks"
345consist of a bag of water, surrounded by a second plastic bag containing the
346ammonium nitrate. To get the ammonium nitrate, simply cut off the top of the
347outside bag, remove the plastic bag of water, and save the ammonium nitrate in
348a well sealed, airtight container, since it is rather hydroscopic, i.e. it
349tends to absorb water from the air. It is also the main ingredient in many
350fertilizers.
351
352
3532.1 ACQUIRING CHEMICALS
354
355
356 The first section deals with getting chemicals legally. This section
357deals with "procuring" them. The best place to steal chemicals is a college.
358Many state schools have all of their chemicals out on the shelves in the
359labs, and more in their chemical stockrooms. Evening is the best time to enter
360lab buildings, as there are the least number of people in the buildings, and
361most of the labs will still be unlocked. One simply takes a bookbag, wears
362a dress shirt and jeans, and tries to resemble a college freshman. If anyone
363asks what such a person is doing, the thief can simply say that he is looking
364for the polymer chemistry lab, or some other chemistry-related department
365other than the one they are in. One can usually find out where the various
366labs and departments in a building are by calling the university. There
367are, of course other techniques for getting into labs after hours, such as
368placing a piece of cardboard in the latch of an unused door, such as a back
369exit. Then, all one needs to do is come back at a later hour. Also, before
370this is done, terrorists check for security systems. If one just walks into a
371lab, even if there is someone there, and walks out the back exit, and slip the
372cardboard in the latch before the door closes, the person in the lab will never
373know what happened. It is also a good idea to observe the building that one
374plans to rob at the time that one plans to rob it several days before the
375actual theft is done. This is advisable since the would-be thief should know
376when and if the campus security makes patrols through buildings. Of course, if
377none of these methods are successful, there is always section 2.11, but as a
378rule, college campus security is pretty poor, and nobody suspects another
379person in the building of doing anything wrong, even if they are there at an
380odd hour.
381
382
3832.11 TECHNIQUES FOR PICKING LOCKS
384
385
386 If it becomes necessary to pick a lock to enter a lab, the world's
387most effective lockpick is dynamite, followed by a sledgehammer. There are
388unfortunately, problems with noise and excess structural damage with these
389methods. The next best thing, however, is a set of army issue lockpicks.
390
391
392
393
394
395These, unfortunately, are difficult to acquire. If the door to a lab is locked,
396but the deadbolt is not engaged, then there are other possibilities. The rule
397here is: if one can see the latch, one can open the door. There are several
398devices which facilitate freeing the latch from its hole in the wall. Dental
399tools, stiff wire ( 20 gauge ), specially bent aluminum from cans, thin pocket-
400knives, and credit cards are the tools of the trade. The way that all these
401tools and devices are uses is similar: pull, push, or otherwise move the latch
402out of its hole in the wall, and pull the door open. This is done by sliding
403whatever tool that you are using behind the latch, and pulling the latch out
404from the wall. To make an aluminum-can lockpick, terrorists can use an aluminum
405can and carefully cut off the can top and bottom. Cut off the cans' ragged
406ends. Then, cut the open-ended cylinder so that it can be flattened out into a
407single long rectangle. This should then be cut into inch wide strips. Fold the
408strips in 1/4 inch increments (1). One will have a long quadruple-thick 1/4
409inch wide strip of aluminum. This should be folded into an L-shape, a J-shape,
410or a U-shape. This is done by folding. The pieces would look like this:
411
412
413 (1)
414
415 _________________________________________________________ v
4161/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
4171/4 |_______________________________________________________| | 1 inch
4181/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
4191/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
420 ^
421
422 Fold along lines to make a single quadruple-thick piece of
423aluminum. This should then be folded to produce an L,J,or U shaped
424device that looks like this:
425 __________________________________________
426 / ________________________________________|
427 | |
428 | | L-shaped
429 | |
430 | |
431 |_|
432
433 _____________________________
434 / ___________________________|
435 | |
436 | | J-shaped
437 | |
438 | |________
439 \________|
440
441 _____________________
442 / ___________________|
443 | |
444 | |
445 | | U-shaped
446 | |
447 | |____________________
448 \____________________|
449
450
451 All of these devices should be used to hook the latch of a door and
452pull the latch out of its hole. The folds in the lockpicks will be between
453the door and the wall, and so the device will not unfold, if it is made
454properly.
455
456
457
458
459
460
4612.2 LIST OF USEFUL HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND THEIR AVAILABILITY
462
463 Anyone can get many chemicals from hardware stores, supermarkets,
464and drug stores to get the materials to make explosives or other dangerous
465compounds. A would-be terrorist would merely need a station wagon and some
466money to acquire many of the chemicals named here.
467
468
469Chemical Used In Available at
470________ _______ ____________
471
472_____________________________________________________________________________
473alcohol, ethyl * alcoholic beverages liquor stores
474 solvents (95% min. for both) hardware stores
475_____________________________________________________________________________
476ammonia + CLEAR household ammonia supermarkets/7-eleven
477_____________________________________________________________________________
478ammonium instant-cold paks, drug stores,
479nitrate fertilizers medical supply stores
480_____________________________________________________________________________
481nitrous oxide pressurizing whip cream party supply stores
482_____________________________________________________________________________
483magnesium firestarters surplus/camping stores
484____________________________________________________________________________
485lecithin vitamins pharmacies/drug stores
486_____________________________________________________________________________
487mineral oil cooking, laxative supermarket/drug stores
488_____________________________________________________________________________
489mercury @ mercury thermometers supermarkets/hardware stores
490_____________________________________________________________________________
491sulfuric acid uncharged car batteries automotive stores
492_____________________________________________________________________________
493glycerine ? pharmacies/drug stores
494_____________________________________________________________________________
495sulfur gardening gardening/hardware store
496_____________________________________________________________________________
497charcoal charcoal grills supermarkets/gardening stores
498_____________________________________________________________________________
499sodium nitrate fertilizer gardening store
500_____________________________________________________________________________
501cellulose (cotton) first aid drug/medical supply stores
502_____________________________________________________________________________
503strontium nitrate road flares surplus/auto stores,
504_____________________________________________________________________________
505fuel oil kerosene stoves surplus/camping stores,
506_____________________________________________________________________________
507bottled gas propane stoves surplus/camping stores,
508_____________________________________________________________________________
509potassium permanganate water purification purification plants
510_____________________________________________________________________________
511hexamine or hexamine stoves surplus/camping stores
512methenamine (camping)
513_____________________________________________________________________________
514nitric acid ^ cleaning printing printing shops
515 plates photography stores
516_____________________________________________________________________________
517iodine & first aid drug stores
518_____________________________________________________________________________
519sodium perchlorate solidox pellets hardware stores
520 for cutting torches
521_____________________________________________________________________________
522
523
524
525
526
527notes: * ethyl alcohol is mixed with methyl alcohol when it is used as a
528 solvent. Methyl alcohol is very poisonous. Solvent alcohol must be
529 at least 95% ethyl alcohol if it is used to make mercury fulminate.
530 Methyl alcohol may prevent mercury fulminate from forming.
531
532
533 + Ammonia, when bought in stores comes in a variety of forms. The
534 pine and cloudy ammonias should not be bought; only the clear
535 ammonia should be used to make ammonium triiodide crystals.
536
537
538 @ Mercury thermometers are becoming a rarity, unfortunately. They
539 may be hard to find in most stores. Mercury is also used in mercury
540 switches, which are available at electronics stores. Mercury is a
541 hazardous substance, and should be kept in the thermometer or
542 mercury switch until used. It gives off mercury vapors which will
543 cause brain damage if inhaled. For this reason, it is a good idea
544 not to spill mercury, and to always use it outdoors. Also, do not
545 get it in an open cut; rubber gloves will help prevent this.
546
547
548 ^ Nitric acid is very difficult to find nowadays. It is usually
549 stolen by bomb makers, or made by the process described in a later
550 section. A desired concentration for making explosives about 70%.
551
552
553 & The iodine sold in drug stores is usually not the pure crystaline
554 form that is desired for producing ammonium triiodide crystals.
555 To obtain the pure form, it must usually be acquired by a doctor's
556 prescription, but this can be expensive. Once again, theft is the
557 means that terrorists result to.
558
559
5602.3 PREPARATION OF CHEMICALS
561
5622.31 NITRIC ACID
563
564
565 There are several ways to make this most essential of all acids for
566 explosives. One method by which it could be made will be presented. Once
567 again, be reminded that these methods SHOULD NOT BE CARRIED OUT!!
568
569 Materials: Equipment:
570 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
571 sodium nitrate or adjustable heat source
572 potassium nitrate
573 retort
574 distilled water
575 ice bath
576 concentrated
577 sulfuric acid stirring rod
578
579 collecting flask with stopper
580
581
5821) Pour 32 milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid into the retort.
583
5842) Carefully weigh out 58 grams of sodium nitrate, or 68 grams of potassium
585nitrate. and add this to the acid slowly. If it all does not dissolve,
586carefully stir the solution with a glass rod until it does.
587
588
589
590
591
592
5933) Place the open end of the retort into the collecting flask, and place the
594 collecting flask in the ice bath.
595
5964) Begin heating the retort, using low heat. Continue heating until liquid
597 begins to come out of the end of the retort. The liquid that forms is nitric
598 acid. Heat until the precipitate in the bottom of the retort is almost dry,
599 or until no more nitric acid is forming. CAUTION: If the acid is headed too
600 strongly, the nitric acid will decompose as soon as it is formed. This
601 can result in the production of highly flammable and toxic gasses that may
602 explode. It is a good idea to set the above apparatus up, and then get
603 away from it.
604
605
606 Potassium nitrate could also be obtained from store-bought black powder,
607simply by dissolving black powder in boiling water and filtering out
608the sulfur and charcoal. To obtain 68 g of potassium nitrate, it would be
609necessary to dissolve about 90 g of black powder in about one litre of
610boiling water. Filter the dissolved solution through filter paper in a funnel
611into a jar until the liquid that pours through is clear. The charcoal and
612sulfur in black powder are insoluble in water, and so when the solution of
613water is allowed to evaporate, potassium nitrate will be left in the jar.
614
615
6162.32 SULFURIC ACID
617
618 Sulfuric acid is far too difficult to make outside of a laboratory or
619industrial plant. However, it is readily available in an uncharged car battery.
620A person wishing to make sulfuric acid would simply remove the top of a car
621battery and pour the acid into a glass container. There would probably be
622pieces of lead from the battery in the acid which would have to be removed,
623either by boiling or filtration. The concentration of the sulfuric acid can
624also be increased by boiling it; very pure sulfuric acid pours slightly faster
625than clean motor oil.
626
627
6282.33 AMMONIUM NITRATE
629
630 Ammonium nitrate is a very powerful but insensitive high-order
631explosive. It could be made very easily by pouring nitric acid into a large
632flask in an ice bath. Then, by simply pouring household ammonia into the flask
633and running away, ammonium nitrate would be formed. After the materials have
634stopped reacting, one would simply have to leave the solution in a warm place
635until all of the water and any unneutralized ammonia or acid have evaporated.
636There would be a fine powder formed, which would be ammonium nitrate. It must
637be kept in an airtight container, because of its tendency to pick up water from
638the air. The crystals formed in the above process would have to be heated VERY
639gently to drive off the remaining water.
640
641
6423.0 EXPLOSIVE RECIPES
643
644 Once again, persons reading this material MUST NEVER ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE
645ANY OF THE EXPLOSIVES DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT IS ILLEGAL AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
646TO ATTEMPT TO DO SO. LOSS OF LIFE AND/OR LIMB COULD EASILY OCCUR AS A RESULT
647OF ATTEMPTING TO PRODUCE EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS.
648
649 These recipes are theoretically correct, meaning that an individual
650could conceivably produce the materials described. The methods here are usually
651scaled-down industrial procedures.
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
6593.01 EXPLOSIVE THEORY
660
661 An explosive is any material that, when ignited by heat or shock,
662undergoes rapid decomposition or oxidation. This process releases energy that
663is stored in the material in the form of heat and light, or by breaking down
664into gaseous compounds that occupy a much larger volume that the original piece
665of material. Because this expansion is very rapid, large volumes of air are
666displaced by the expanding gasses. This expansion occurs at a speed greater
667than the speed of sound, and so a sonic boom occurs. This explains the
668mechanics behind an explosion. Explosives occur in several forms: high-order
669explosives which detonate, low order explosives, which burn, and primers, which
670may do both.
671
672 High order explosives detonate. A detonation occurs only in a high
673order explosive. Detonations are usually incurred by a shockwave that passes
674through a block of the high explosive material. The shockwave breaks apart
675the molecular bonds between the atoms of the substance, at a rate approximately
676equal to the speed of sound traveling through that material. In a high
677explosive, the fuel and oxodizer are chemically bonded, and the shockwave breaks
678apart these bonds, and re-combines the two materials to produce mostly gasses.
679T.N.T., ammonium nitrate, and R.D.X. are examples of high order explosives.
680
681 Low order explosives do not detonate; they burn, or undergo oxidation.
682when heated, the fuel(s) and oxodizer(s) combine to produce heat, light, and
683gaseous products. Some low order materials burn at about the same speed under
684pressure as they do in the open, such as blackpowder. Others, such as gunpowder,
685which is correctly called nitrocellulose, burn much faster and hotter when they
686are in a confined space, such as the barrel of a firearm; they usually burn
687much slower than blackpowder when they are ignited in unpressurized conditions.
688Black powder, nitrocellulose, and flash powder are good examples of low order
689explosives.
690
691 Primers are peculiarities to the explosive field. Some of them, such as
692mercury filminate, will function as a low or high order explosive. They are
693usually more sensitive to friction, heat, or shock, than the high or low
694explosives. Most primers perform like a high order explosive, except that they
695are much more sensitive. Still others merely burn, but when they are confined,
696they burn at a great rate and with a large expansion of gasses and a shockwave.
697Primers are usually used in a small amount to initiate, or cause to decompose,
698a high order explosive, as in an artillery shell. But, they are also frequently
699used to ignite a low order explosive; the gunpowder in a bullet is ignited by
700the detonation of its primer.
701
702
7033.1 IMPACT EXPLOSIVES
704
705 Impact explosives are often used as primers. Of the ones discussed
706here, only mercury fulminate and nitroglycerine are real explosives; Ammonium
707triiodide crystals decompose upon impact, but they release little heat and no
708light. Impact explosives are always treated with the greatest care, and even
709the stupidest anarchist never stores them near any high or low explosives.
710
711
7123.11 AMMONIUM TRIIODIDE CRYSTALS
713
714 Ammonium triiodide crystals are foul-smelling purple colored crystals
715that decompose under the slightest amount of heat, friction, or shock, if they
716are made with the purest ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) and iodine. Such
717crystals are said to detonate when a fly lands on them, or when an ant walks
718across them. Household ammonia, however, has enough impurities, such as soaps
719and abrasive agents, so that the crystals will detonate when thrown,crushed, or
720
721
722
723
724
725heated. Upon detonation, a loud report is heard, and a cloud of purple iodine
726gas appears about the detonation site. Whatever the unfortunate surface that
727the crystal was detonated upon will usually be ruined, as some of the iodine
728in the crystal is thrown about in a solid form, and iodine is corrosive. It
729leaves nasty, ugly, permanent brownish-purple stains on whatever it contacts.
730Iodine gas is also bad news, since it can damage lungs, and it settles to the
731ground and stains things there also. Touching iodine leaves brown stains on
732the skin that last for about a week, unless they are immediately and vigorously
733washed off. While such a compound would have little use to a serious terrorist,
734a vandal could utilize them in damaging property. Or, a terrorist could throw
735several of them into a crowd as a distraction, an action which would possibly
736injure a few people, but frighten almost anyone, since a small crystal that
737not be seen when thrown produces a rather loud explosion. Ammonium triiodide
738crystals could be produced in the following manner:
739
740 Materials Equipment
741 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
742
743 iodine crystals funnel and filter paper
744
745 paper towels
746 clear ammonia
747 (ammonium hydroxide, two throw-away glass jars
748 for the suicidal)
749
750
7511) Place about two teaspoons of iodine into one of the glass jars. The jars
752 must both be throw away because they will never be clean again.
753
7542) Add enough ammonia to completely cover the iodine.
755
7563) Place the funnel into the other jar, and put the filter paper in the funnel.
757 The technique for putting filter paper in a funnel is taught in every basic
758 chemistry lab class: fold the circular paper in half, so that a semi-circle
759 is formed. Then, fold it in half again to form a triangle with one curved
760 side. Pull one thickness of paper out to form a cone, and place the cone
761 into the funnel.
762
7634) After allowing the iodine to soak in the ammonia for a while, pour the
764 solution into the paper in the funnel through the filter paper.
765
7665) While the solution is being filtered, put more ammonia into the first jar
767 to wash any remaining crystals into the funnel as soon as it drains.
768
7696) Collect all the purplish crystals without touching the brown filter paper,
770 and place them on the paper towels to dry for about an hour. Make sure that
771 they are not too close to any lights or other sources of heat, as they could
772 well detonate. While they are still wet, divide the wet material into about
773 eight chunks.
774
7757) After they dry, gently place the crystals onto a one square inch piece of
776 duct tape. Cover it with a similar piece, and gently press the duct tape
777 together around the crystal, making sure not to press the crystal itself.
778 Finally, cut away most of the excess duct tape with a pair of scissors, and
779 store the crystals in a cool dry safe place. They have a shelf life of
780 about a week, and they should be stored in individual containers that can be
781 thrown away, since they have a tendency to slowly decompose, a process which
782 gives off iodine vapors, which will stain whatever they settle on. One
783 possible way to increase their shelf life is to store them in airtight
784 containers. To use them, simply throw them against any surface or place them
785 where they will be stepped on or crushed.
786
787
788
789
790
791
7923.12 MERCURY FULMINATE
793
794
795 Mercury fulminate is perhaps one of the oldest known initiating
796compounds. It can be detonated by either heat or shock, which would make it
797of infinite value to a terrorist. Even the action of dropping a crystal of
798the fulminate causes it to explode. A person making this material would
799probably use the following procedure:
800
801
802
803 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
804 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
805
806 mercury (5 g) glass stirring rod
807
808 concentrated nitric 100 ml beaker (2)
809 acid (35 ml)
810 adjustable heat
811 ethyl alcohol (30 ml) source
812
813 distilled water blue litmus paper
814
815 funnel and filter paper
816
817
818
8191) In one beaker, mix 5 g of mercury with 35 ml of concentrated nitric acid,
820 using the glass rod.
821
8222) Slowly heat the mixture until the mercury is dissolved, which is when the
823 solution turns green and boils.
824
8253) Place 30 ml of ethyl alcohol into the second beaker, and slowly and carefully
826 add all of the contents of the first beaker to it. Red and/or brown fumes
827 should appear. These fumes are toxic and flammable.
828
8294) After thirty to forty minutes, the fumes should turn white, indicating that
830 the reaction is near completion. After ten more minutes, add 30 ml of the
831 distilled water to the solution.
832
8335) Carefully filter out the crystals of mercury fulminate from the liquid
834 solution. Dispose of the solution in a safe place, as it is corrosive
835 and toxic.
836
8376) Wash the crystals several times in distilled water to remove as much excess
838 acid as possible. Test the crystals with the litmus paper until they are
839 neutral. This will be when the litmus paper stays blue when it touches the
840 wet crystals
841
8427) Allow the crystals to dry, and store them in a safe place, far away from
843 any explosive or flammable material.
844
845
846 This procedure can also be done by volume, if the available mercury
847 cannot be weighed. Simply use 10 volumes of nitric acid and 10 volumes of
848 ethanol to every one volume of mercury.
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
8573.13 NITROGLYCERINE
858
859 Nitroglycerine is one of the most sensitive explosives, if it is not
860the most sensitive. Although it is possible to make it safely, it is difficult.
861Many a young anarchist has been killed or seriously injured while trying to
862make the stuff. When Nobel's factories make it, many people were killed by the
863all-to-frequent factory explosions. Usually, as soon as it is made, it is
864converted into a safer substance, such as dynamite. An idiot who attempts
865to make nitroglycerine would use the following procedure:
866
867
868 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT
869 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
870
871 distilled water eye-dropper
872
873 table salt 100 ml beaker
874
875 sodium bicarbonate 200-300 ml beakers (2)
876
877 concentrated nitric ice bath container
878 acid (13 ml) ( a plastic bucket serves well )
879
880 concentrated sulfuric centigrade thermometer
881 acid (39 ml)
882 blue litmus paper
883 glycerine
884
885
8861) Place 150 ml of distilled water into one of the 200-300 ml beakers.
887
8882) In the other 200-300 ml beaker, place 150 ml of distilled water and about
889 a spoonful of sodium bicarbonate, and stir them until the sodium bicarbonate
890 dissolves. Do not put so much sodium bicarbonate in the water so that some
891 remains undissolved.
892
8933) Create an ice bath by half filling the ice bath container with ice, and
894 adding table salt. This will cause the ice to melt, lowering the overall
895 temperature.
896
8974) Place the 100 ml beaker into the ice bath, and pour the 13 ml of concentrated
898 nitric acid into the 100 ml beaker. Be sure that the beaker will not spill
899 into the ice bath, and that the ice bath will not overflow into the beaker
900 when more materials are added to it. Be sure to have a large enough ice bath
901 container to add more ice. Bring the temperature of the acid down to about 20
902 degrees centigrade or less.
903
9045) When the nitric acid is as cold as stated above, slowly and carefully add the
905 39 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to the nitric acid. Mix the two acids
906 together, and cool the mixed acids to 10 degrees centigrade. It is a good
907 idea to start another ice bath to do this.
908
9096) With the eyedropper, slowly put the glycerine into the mixed acids, one drop
910 at a time. Hold the thermometer along the top of the mixture where the mixed
911 acids and glycerine meet. DO NOT ALLOW THE TEMPERATURE TO GET ABOVE 30
912 DEGREES CENTIGRADE; IF THE TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE THIS TEMPERATURE, RUN
913 LIKE HELL!!! The glycerine will start to nitrate immediately, and the
914 temperature will immediately begin to rise. Add glycerine until there is a
915 thin layer of glycerine on top of the mixed acids. It is always safest to
916 make any explosive in small quantities.
917
918
919
920
921
922
9237) Stir the mixed acids and glycerine for the first ten minutes of nitration,
924 adding ice and salt to the ice bath to keep the temperature of the solution
925 in the 100 ml beaker well below 30 degrees centigrade. Usually, the
926 nitroglycerine will form on the top of the mixed acid solution, and the
927 concentrated sulfuric acid will absorb the water produced by the reaction.
928
9298) When the reaction is over, and when the nitroglycerine is well below 30
930 degrees centigrade, slowly and carefully pour the solution of nitroglycerine
931 and mixed acid into the distilled water in the beaker in step 1. The
932 nitroglycerine should settle to the bottom of the beaker, and the water-acid
933 solution on top can be poured off and disposed of. Drain as much of the
934 acid-water solution as possible without disturbing the nitroglycerine.
935
9369) Carefully remove the nitroglycerine with a clean eye-dropper, and place it
937 into the beaker in step 2. The sodium bicarbonate solution will eliminate
938 much of the acid, which will make the nitroglycerine more stable, and less
939 likely to explode for no reason, which it can do. Test the nitroglycerine
940 with the litmus paper until the litmus stays blue. Repeat this step if
941 necessary, and use new sodium bicarbonate solutions as in step 2.
942
94310) When the nitroglycerine is as acid-free as possible, store it in a clean
944 container in a safe place. The best place to store nitroglycerine is
945 far away from anything living, or from anything of any value.
946 Nitroglycerine can explode for no apparent reason, even if it is stored
947 in a secure cool place.
948
949
9503.14 PICRATES
951
952 Although the procedure for the production of picric acid, or
953trinitrophenol has not yet been given, its salts are described first, since they
954are extremely sensitive, and detonate on impact. By mixing picric acid with
955metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, and evaporating the
956water, metal picrates can be formed. Simply obtain picric acid, or produce it,
957and mix it with a solution of (preferably) potassium hydroxide, of a mid range
958molarity. (about 6-9 M) This material, potassium picrate, is impact-sensitive,
959and can be used as an initiator for any type of high explosive.
960
9613.2 LOW-ORDER EXPLOSIVES
962
963 There are many low-order explosives that can be purchased in gun
964stores and used in explosive devices. However, it is possible that a wise
965wise store owner would not sell these substances to a suspicious-looking
966individual. Such an individual would then be forced to resort to making
967his own low-order explosives.
968
969
9703.21 BLACK POWDER
971
972
973 First made by the Chinese for use in fireworks, black powder was first
974used in weapons and explosives in the 12th century. It is very simple to make,
975but it is not very powerful or safe. Only about 50% of black powder is
976converted to hot gasses when it is burned; the other half is mostly very fine
977burned particles. Black powder has one major problem: it can be ignited by
978static electricity. This is very bad, and it means that the material must be
979made with wooden or clay tools. Anyway, a misguided individual could
980manufacture black powder at home with the following procedure:
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
990 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
991 potassium clay grinding bowl
992 nitrate (75 g) and clay grinder
993
994 or or
995
996 sodium wooden salad bowl
997 nitrate (75 g) and wooden spoon
998
999 sulfur (10 g) plastic bags (3)
1000
1001 charcoal (15 g) 300-500 ml beaker (1)
1002
1003 distilled water coffee pot or heat source
1004
1005
10061) Place a small amount of the potassium or sodium nitrate in the grinding bowl
1007 and grind it to a very fine powder. Do this to all of the potassium or
1008 sodium nitrate, and store the ground powder in one of the plastic bags.
1009
10102) Do the same thing to the sulfur and charcoal, storing each chemical in a
1011 separate plastic bag.
1012
10133) Place all of the finely ground potassium or sodium nitrate in the beaker, and
1014 add just enough boiling water to the chemical to get it all wet.
1015
10164) Add the contents of the other plastic bags to the wet potassium or sodium
1017 nitrate, and mix them well for several minutes. Do this until there is no
1018 more visible sulfur or charcoal, or until the mixture is universally black.
1019
10205) On a warm sunny day, put the beaker outside in the direct sunlight. Sunlight
1021 is really the best way to dry black powder, since it is never too hot, but it
1022 is hot enough to evaporate the water.
1023
10246) Scrape the black powder out of the beaker, and store it in a safe container.
1025 Plastic is really the safest container, followed by paper. Never store black
1026 powder in a plastic bag, since plastic bags are prone to generate static
1027 electricity.
1028
1029
10303.22 NITROCELLULOSE
1031
1032 Nitrocellulose is usually called "gunpowder" or "guncotton". It is more
1033stable than black powder, and it produces a much greater volume of hot gas. It
1034also burns much faster than black powder when it is in a confined space.
1035Finally, nitrocellulose is fairly easy to make, as outlined by the following
1036procedure:
1037
1038
1039 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1040 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1041 cotton (cellulose) two (2) 200-300 ml beakers
1042
1043 concentrated funnel and filter paper
1044 nitric acid
1045 blue litmus paper
1046 concentrated
1047 sulfuric acid
1048
1049 distilled water
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
10551) Pour 10 cc of concentrated sulfuric acid into the beaker. Add to this
1056 10 cc of concentrated nitric acid.
1057
10582) Immediately add 0.5 gm of cotton, and allow it to soak for exactly 3
1059 minutes.
1060
10613) Remove the nitrocotton, and transfer it to a beaker of distilled water
1062 to wash it in.
1063
10644) Allow the material to dry, and then re-wash it.
1065
10665) After the cotton is neutral when tested with litmus paper, it is ready to
1067 be dried and stored.
1068
1069
10703.23 FUEL-OXODIZER MIXTURES
1071
1072 There are nearly an infinite number of fuel-oxodizer mixtures that can
1073be produced by a misguided individual in his own home. Some are very effective
1074and dangerous, while others are safer and less effective. A list of working
1075fuel-oxodizer mixtures will be presented, but the exact measurements of each
1076compound are debatable for maximum effectiveness. A rough estimate will be
1077given of the percentages of each fuel and oxodizer:
1078
1079
1080
1081 oxodizer, % by weight fuel, % by weight speed # notes
1082================================================================================
1083 potassium chlorate 67% sulfur 33% 5 friction/impact
1084 sensitive; unstable
1085ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1086 potassium chlorate 50% sugar 35% 5 fairly slow burning;
1087 charcoal 15% unstable
1088ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1089 potassium chlorate 50% sulfur 25% 8 extremely
1090 magnesium or unstable!
1091 aluminum dust 25%
1092ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1093 potassium chlorate 67% magnesium or 8 unstable
1094 aluminum dust 33%
1095ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1096 sodium nitrate 65% magnesium dust 30% ? unpredictable
1097 sulfur 5% burn rate
1098ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1099 potassium permanganate 60% glycerine 40% 4 delay before
1100 ignition depends
1101 WARNING: IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY WITH GLYCERINE!!! upon grain size
1102ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1103 potassium permanganate 67% sulfur 33% 5 unstable
1104ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1105 potassium permangenate 60% sulfur 20% 5 unstable
1106 magnesium or
1107 aluminum dust 20%
1108ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1109 potassium permanganate 50% sugar 50% 3 ?
1110ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1111 potassium nitrate 75% charcoal 15% 7 this is
1112 sulfur 10% black powder!
1113ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1114 potassium nitrate 60% powdered iron 1 burns very hot
1115 or magnesium 40%
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121 oxidizer, % by weight fuel, % by weight speed # notes
1122================================================================================
1123 potassium chlorate 75% phosphorus 8 used to make strike-
1124 sesquisulfide 25% anywhere matches
1125ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1126 ammonium perchlorate 70% aluminum dust 30% 6 solid fuel for
1127 and small amount of space shuttle
1128 iron oxide
1129ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1130 potassium perchlorate 67% magnesium or 10 flash powder
1131(sodium perchlorate) aluminum dust 33%
1132ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1133 potassium perchlorate 60% magnesium or 8 alternate
1134(sodium perchlorate) aluminum dust 20% flash powder
1135 sulfur 20%
1136ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1137 barium nitrate 30% aluminum dust 30% 9 alternate
1138 potassium perchlorate 30% flash powder
1139ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1140 barium peroxide 90% magnesium dust 5% 10 alternate
1141 aluminum dust 5% flash powder
1142ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1143 potassium perchlorate 50% sulfur 25% 8 slightly
1144 magnesium or unstable
1145 aluminum dust 25%
1146ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1147 potassium chlorate 67% red phosphorus 27% 7 very unstable
1148 calcium carbonate 3% sulfur 3% impact sensitive
1149ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1150 potassium permanganate 50% powdered sugar 25% 7 unstable;
1151 aluminum or ignites if
1152 magnesium dust 25% it gets wet!
1153ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1154 potassium chlorate 75% charcoal dust 15% 6 unstable
1155 sulfur 10%
1156================================================================================
1157
1158NOTE: Mixtures that uses substitutions of sodium perchlorate for potassium
1159 perchlorate become moisture-absorbent and less stable.
1160
1161 The higher the speed number, the faster the fuel-oxodizer mixture burns
1162AFTER ignition. Also, as a rule, the finer the powder, the faster the rate of
1163burning.
1164
1165 As one can easily see, there is a wide variety of fuel-oxodizer mixtures
1166that can be made at home. By altering the amounts of fuel and oxodizer(s),
1167different burn rates can be achieved, but this also can change the sensitivity
1168of the mixture.
1169
1170
11713.24 PERCHLORATES
1172
1173 As a rule, any oxidizable material that is treated with perchloric acid
1174will become a low order explosive. Metals, however, such as potassium or
1175sodium, become excellent bases for flash-type powders. Some materials that can
1176be perchlorated are cotton, paper, and sawdust. To produce potassium or sodium
1177perchlorate, simply acquire the hydroxide of that metal, e.g. sodium or
1178potassium hydroxide. It is a good idea to test the material to be perchlorated
1179with a very small amount of acid, since some of the materials tend to react
1180explosively when contacted by the acid. Solutions of sodium or potassium
1181hydroxide are ideal.
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
11873.3 HIGH-ORDER EXPLOSIVES
1188
1189 High order explosives can be made in the home without too much
1190difficulty. The main problem is acquiring the nitric acid to produce the high
1191explosive. Most high explosives detonate because their molecular structure is
1192made up of some fuel and usually three or more NO2 ( nitrogen dioxide )
1193molecules. T.N.T., or Tri-Nitro-Toluene is an excellent example of such a
1194material. When a shock wave passes through an molecule of T.N.T., the
1195nitrogen dioxide bond is broken, and the oxygen combines with the fuel, all in
1196a matter of microseconds. This accounts for the great power of nitrogen-based
1197explosives. Remembering that these procedures are NEVER TO BE CARRIED OUT,
1198several methods of manufacturing high-order explosives in the home are listed.
1199
1200
1201
12023.31 R.D.X.
1203
1204 R.D.X., also called cyclonite, or composition C-1 (when mixed with
1205plasticisers) is one of the most valuable of all military explosives. This is
1206because it has more than 150% of the power of T.N.T., and is much easier to
1207detonate. It should not be used alone, since it can be set off by a not-too
1208severe shock. It is less sensitive than mercury fulminate, or nitroglycerine,
1209but it is still too sensitive to be used alone. R.D.X. can be made by the
1210surprisingly simple method outlined hereafter. It is much easier to make in the
1211home than all other high explosives, with the possible exception of ammonium
1212nitrate.
1213
1214
1215 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1216 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1217
1218 hexamine 500 ml beaker
1219 or
1220 methenamine glass stirring rod
1221 fuel tablets (50 g)
1222 funnel and filter paper
1223 concentrated
1224 nitric acid (550 ml) ice bath container
1225 (plastic bucket)
1226 distilled water
1227 centigrade thermometer
1228 table salt
1229 blue litmus paper
1230 ice
1231
1232 ammonium nitrate
1233
12341) Place the beaker in the ice bath, (see section 3.13, steps 3-4) and carefully
1235 pour 550 ml of concentrated nitric acid into the beaker.
1236
12372) When the acid has cooled to below 20 degrees centigrade, add small amounts of
1238 the crushed fuel tablets to the beaker. The temperature will rise, and it
1239 must be kept below 30 degrees centigrade, or dire consequences could result.
1240 Stir the mixture.
1241
12423) Drop the temperature below zero degrees centigrade, either by adding more ice
1243 and salt to the old ice bath, or by creating a new ice bath. Or, ammonium
1244 nitrate could be added to the old ice bath, since it becomes cold when it is
1245 put in water. Continue stirring the mixture, keeping the temperature below
1246 zero degrees centigrade for at least twenty minutes
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
12534) Pour the mixture into a litre of crushed ice. Shake and stir the mixture,
1254 and allow it to melt. Once it has melted, filter out the crystals, and
1255 dispose of the corrosive liquid.
1256
12575) Place the crystals into one half a litre of boiling distilled water. Filter
1258 the crystals, and test them with the blue litmus paper. Repeat steps 4 and 5
1259 until the litmus paper remains blue. This will make the crystals more stable
1260 and safe.
1261
12626) Store the crystals wet until ready for use. Allow them to dry completely
1263 using them. R.D.X. is not stable enough to use alone as an explosive.
1264
12657) Composition C-1 can be made by mixing 88.3% R.D.X. (by weight) with 11.1%
1266 mineral oil, and 0.6% lecithin. Kneed these material together in a plastic
1267 bag. This is a good way to desensitize the explosive.
1268
12698) H.M.X. is a mixture of T.N.T. and R.D.X.; the ratio is 50/50, by weight.
1270 it is not as sensitive, and is almost as powerful as straight R.D.X.
1271
12729) By adding ammonium nitrate to the crystals of R.D.X. after step 5, it should
1273 be possible to desensitize the R.D.X. and increase its power, since ammonium
1274 nitrate is very insensitive and powerful. Soduim or potassium nitrate could
1275 also be added; a small quantity is sufficient to stabilize the R.D.X.
1276
127710) R.D.X. detonates at a rate of 8550 meters/second when it is compressed to a
1278 density of 1.55 g/cubic cm.
1279
1280
12813.32 AMMONIUM NITRATE
1282
1283 Ammonium nitrate could be made by a terrorist according to the hap-
1284hazard method in section 2.33, or it could be stolen from a construction site,
1285since it is usually used in blasting, because it is very stable and insensitive
1286to shock and heat. A terrorist could also buy several Instant Cold-Paks from a
1287drug store or medical supply store. The major disadvantage with ammonium
1288nitrate, from a terrorist's point of view, would be detonating it. A rather
1289powerful priming charge must be used, and usually with a booster charge. The
1290diagram below will explain.
1291
1292 _________________________________________
1293 | | |
1294 ________| | |
1295 | | T.N.T.| ammonium nitrate |
1296 |primer |booster| |
1297 |_______| | |
1298 | | |
1299 |_______|_______________________________|
1300
1301 The primer explodes, detonating the T.N.T., which detonates, sending
1302 a tremendous shockwave through the ammonium nitrate, detonating it.
1303
1304
13053.33 ANFOS
1306
1307 ANFO is an acronym for Ammonium Nitrate - Fuel Oil Solution. An ANFO
1308solves the only other major problem with ammonium nitrate: its tendency to pick
1309up water vapor from the air. This results in the explosive failing to detonate
1310when such an attempt is made. This is rectified by mixing 94% (by weight)
1311ammonium nitrate with 6% fuel oil, or kerosene. The kerosene keeps the ammonium
1312nitrate from absorbing moisture from the air. An ANFO also requires a large
1313shockwave to set it off.
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
13193.34 T.N.T.
1320
1321
1322 T.N.T., or Tri-Nitro-Toluene, is perhaps the second oldest known high
1323explosive. Dynamite, of course, was the first. It is certainly the best known
1324high explosive, since it has been popularized by early morning cartoons. It
1325is the standard for comparing other explosives to, since it is the most well
1326known. In industry, a T.N.T. is made by a three step nitration process that is
1327designed to conserve the nitric and sulfuric acids which are used to make the
1328product. A terrorist, however, would probably opt for the less economical one
1329step method. The one step process is performed by treating toluene with very
1330strong (fuming) sulfuric acid. Then, the sulfated toluene is treated with very
1331strong (fuming) nitric acid in an ice bath. Cold water is added the solution,
1332and it is filtered.
1333
1334
1335
13363.35 POTASSIUM CHLORATE
1337
1338
1339 Potassium chlorate itself cannot be made in the home, but it can be
1340obtained from labs. If potassium chlorate is mixed with a small amount of
1341vaseline, or other petroleum jelly, and a shockwave is passed through it, the
1342material will detonate with slightly more power than black powder. It must,
1343however, be confined to detonate it in this manner. The procedure for making
1344such an explosive is outlined below:
1345
1346
1347
1348 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1349 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1350
1351
1352 potassium chlorate zip-lock plastic bag
1353 (9 parts, by volume)
1354
1355 petroleum jelly clay grinding bowl
1356 (vaseline) or
1357 (1 part, by volume) wooden bowl and wooden spoon
1358
1359
1360
13611) Grind the potassium chlorate in the grinding bowl carefully and slowly,
1362 until the potassium chlorate is a very fine powder. The finer that it is
1363 powdered, the faster (better) it will detonate.
1364
13652) Place the powder into the plastic bag. Put the petroleum jelly into the
1366 plastic bag, getting as little on the sides of the bag as possible, i.e.
1367 put the vaseline on the potassium chlorate powder.
1368
13693) Close the bag, and kneed the materials together until none of the potassium
1370 chlorate is dry powder that does not stick to the main glob. If necessary,
1371 add a bit more petroleum jelly to the bag.
1372
13734) The material must me used within 24 hours, or the mixture will react to
1374 greatly reduce the effectiveness of the explosive. This reaction, however,
1375 is harmless, and releases no heat or dangerous products.
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
13853.36 DYNAMITE
1386
1387 The name dynamite comes from the Greek word "dynamis", meaning power.
1388Dynamite was invented by Nobel shortly after he made nitroglycerine. It was
1389made because nitroglycerine was so dangerously sensitive to shock. A misguided
1390individual with some sanity would, after making nitroglycerine (an insane act)
1391would immediately convert it to dynamite. This can be done by adding various
1392materials to the nitroglycerine, such as sawdust. The sawdust holds a large
1393weight of nitroglycerine per volume. Other materials, such as ammonium nitrate
1394could be added, and they would tend to desensitize the explosive, and increase
1395the power. But even these nitroglycerine compounds are not really safe.
1396
1397
1398
13993.37 NITROSTARCH EXPLOSIVES
1400
1401
1402 Nitrostarch explosives are simple to make, and are fairly powerful. All
1403that need be done is treat various starches with a mixture of concentrated nitric
1404and sulfuric acids. 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to 10 ml of
1405concentrated nitric acid. To this mixture is added 0.5 grams of starch. Cold
1406water is added, and the apparently unchanged nitrostarch is filtered out.
1407Nitrostarch explosives are of slightly lower power than T.N.T., but they are
1408more readily detonated.
1409
1410
1411
14123.38 PICRIC ACID
1413
1414
1415 Picric acid, also known as Tri-Nitro-Phenol, or T.N.P., is a military
1416explosive that is most often used as a booster charge to set off another less
1417sensitive explosive, such as T.N.T. It another explosive that is fairly simple
1418to make, assuming that one can acquire the concentrated sulfuric and nitric
1419acids. Its procedure for manufacture is given in many college chemistry lab
1420manuals, and is easy to follow. The main problem with picric acid is its
1421tendency to form dangerously sensitive and unstable picrate salts, such as
1422potassium picrate. For this reason, it is usually made into a safer form, such
1423as ammonium picrate, also called explosive D. A social deviant would probably
1424use a formula similar to the one presented here to make picric acid.
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1430 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1431
1432 phenol (9.5 g) 500 ml flask
1433
1434 concentrated adjustable heat source
1435 sulfuric acid (12.5 ml)
1436 1000 ml beaker
1437 concentrated nitric or other container
1438 acid (38 ml) suitable for boiling in
1439
1440 distilled water filter paper
1441 and funnel
1442
1443 glass stirring rod
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
14511) Place 9.5 grams of phenol into the 500 ml flask, and carefully add 12.5
1452 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and stir the mixture.
1453
14542) Put 400 ml of tap water into the 1000 ml beaker or boiling container and
1455 bring the water to a gentle boil.
1456
14573) After warming the 500 ml flask under hot tap water, place it in the boiling
1458 water, and continue to stir the mixture of phenol and acid for about thirty
1459 minutes. After thirty minutes, take the flask out, and allow it to cool for
1460 about five minutes.
1461
14624) Pour out the boiling water used above, and after allowing the container to
1463 cool, use it to create an ice bath, similar to the one used in section 3.13,
1464 steps 3-4. Place the 500 ml flask with the mixed acid an phenol in the ice
1465 bath. Add 38 ml of concentrated nitric acid in small amounts, stirring the
1466 mixture constantly. A vigorous but "harmless" reaction should occur. When
1467 the mixture stops reacting vigorously, take the flask out of the ice bath.
1468
14695) Warm the ice bath container, if it is glass, and then begin boiling more tap
1470 water. Place the flask containing the mixture in the boiling water, and heat
1471 it in the boiling water for 1.5 to 2 hours.
1472
14736) Add 100 ml of cold distilled water to the solution, and chill it in an ice
1474 bath until it is cold.
1475
14767) Filter out the yellowish-white picric acid crystals by pouring the solution
1477 through the filter paper in the funnel. Collect the liquid and dispose of it
1478 in a safe place, since it is corrosive.
1479
14808) Wash out the 500 ml flask with distilled water, and put the contents of the
1481 filter paper in the flask. Add 300 ml of water, and shake vigorously.
1482
14839) Re-filter the crystals, and allow them to dry.
1484
148510) Store the crystals in a safe place in a glass container, since they will
1486 react with metal containers to produce picrates that could explode
1487 spontaneously.
1488
1489
14903.39 AMMONIUM PICRATE
1491
1492
1493 Ammonium picrate, also called Explosive D, is another safety explosive.
1494It requires a substantial shock to cause it to detonate, slightly less than that
1495required to detonate ammonium nitrate. It is much safer than picric acid, since
1496it has little tendency to form hazardous unstable salts when placed in metal
1497containers. It is simple to make from picric acid and clear household ammonia.
1498All that need be done is put the picric acid crystals into a glass container and
1499dissolve them in a great quantity of hot water. Add clear household ammonia in
1500excess, and allow the excess ammonia to evaporate. The powder remaining should
1501be ammonium picrate.
1502
1503
15043.40 NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE
1505
1506
1507 Nitrogen trichloride, also known as chloride of azode, is an oily yellow
1508liquid. It explodes violently when it is heated above 60 degrees celsius, or
1509when it comes in contact with an open flame or spark. It is fairly simple to
1510produce.
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
15171) In a beaker, dissolve about 5 teaspoons of ammonium nitrate in water.
1518 Do not put so much ammonium nitrate into the solution that some of it
1519 remains undissolved in the bottom of the beaker.
1520
15212) Collect a quantity of chlorine gas in a second beaker by mixing hydrochloric
1522 acid with potassium permanganate in a large flask with a stopper and glass
1523 pipe.
1524
15253) Place the beaker containing the chlorine gas upside down on top of the
1526 beaker containing the ammonium nitrate solution, and tape the beakers
1527 together. Gently heat the bottom beaker. When this is done, oily yellow
1528 droplets will begin to form on the surface of the solution, and sink down
1529 to the bottom. At this time, remove the heat source immediately.
1530
1531 Alternately, the chlorine can be bubbled through the ammonium nitrate
1532 solution, rather than collecting the gas in a beaker, but this requires
1533 timing and a stand to hold the beaker and test tube.
1534
1535 The chlorine gas can also be mixed with anhydrous ammonia gas, by gently
1536 heating a flask filled with clear household ammonia. Place the glass tubes
1537 from the chlorine-generating flask and the tube from the ammonia-generating
1538 flask in another flask that contains water.
1539
15404) Collect the yellow droplets with an eyedropper, and use them immediately,
1541 since nitrogen trichloride decomposes in 24 hours.
1542
1543
15443.41 LEAD AZIDE
1545
1546 Lead Azide is a material that is often used as a booster charge for
1547other explosive, but it does well enough on its own as a fairly sensitive
1548explosive. It does not detonate too easily by percussion or impact, but it
1549is easily detonated by heat from an igniter wire, or a blasting cap. It is
1550simple to produce, assuming that the necessary chemicals can be procured.
1551
1552 By dissolving sodium azide and lead acetate in water in separate
1553beakers, the two materials are put into an aqueous state. Mix the two beakers
1554together, and apply a gentle heat. Add an excess of the lead acetate
1555solution, until no reaction occurs, and the precipitate on the bottom of the
1556beaker stops forming. Filter off the solution, and wash the precipitate in
1557hot water. The precipitate is lead azide, and it must be stored wet for safety.
1558If lead acetate cannot be found, simply acquire acetic acid, and put lead
1559metal in it. Black powder bullets work well for this purpose.
1560
1561
15623.5 OTHER "EXPLOSIVES"
1563
1564 The remaining section covers the other types of materials that can
1565be used to destroy property by fire. Although none of the materials
1566presented here are explosives, they still produce explosive-style results.
1567
15683.51 THERMIT
1569
1570 Thermit is a fuel-oxodizer mixture that is used to generate tremendous
1571amounts of heat. It was not presented in section 3.23 because it does not react
1572nearly as readily. It is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum, both finely
1573powdered. When it is ignited, the aluminum burns, and extracts the oxygen from
1574the iron oxide. This is really two very exothermic reactions that produce a
1575combined temperature of about 2200 degrees C. This is half the heat produced by
1576an atomic weapon. It is difficult to ignite, however, but when it is ignited,
1577it is one of the most effective firestarters around.
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583 MATERIALS
1584 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1585
1586 powdered aluminum (10 g)
1587
1588 powdered iron oxide (10 g)
1589
1590
15911) There is no special procedure or equipment required to make thermit. Simply
1592 mix the two powders together, and try to make the mixture as homogenous as
1593 possible. The ratio of iron oxide to aluminum is 50% / 50% by weight, and
1594 be made in greater or lesser amounts.
1595
15962) Ignition of thermite can be accomplished by adding a small amount of
1597 potassium chlorate to the thermit, and pouring a few drops of sulfuric acid
1598 on it. This method and others will be discussed later in section 4.33. The
1599 other method of igniting thermit is with a magnesium strip. Finally, by
1600 using common sparkler-type fireworks placed in the thermit, the mixture
1601 can be ignited.
1602
1603
16043.52 MOLOTOV COCKTAILS
1605
1606
1607 First used by Russians against German tanks, the Molotov cocktail is now
1608exclusively used by terrorists worldwide. They are extremely simple to make, and
1609can produce devastating results. By taking any highly flammable material, such
1610as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, ethyl or methyl alcohol, lighter fluid,
1611turpentine, or any mixture of the above, and putting it into a large glass
1612bottle, anyone can make an effective firebomb. After putting the flammable
1613liquid in the bottle, simply put a piece of cloth that is soaked in the liquid
1614in the top of the bottle so that it fits tightly. Then, wrap some of the cloth
1615around the neck and tie it, but be sure to leave a few inches of lose cloth to
1616light. Light the exposed cloth, and throw the bottle. If the burning cloth
1617does not go out, and if the bottle breaks on impact, the contents of the bottle
1618will spatter over a large area near the site of impact, and burst into flame.
1619Flammable mixtures such as kerosene and motor oil should be mixed with a more
1620volatile and flammable liquid, such as gasoline, to insure ignition. A mixture
1621such as tar or grease and gasoline will stick to the surface that it strikes,
1622and burn hotter, and be more difficult to extinguish. A mixture such as this
1623must be shaken well before it is lit and thrown
1624
1625
1626
16273.53 CHEMICAL FIRE BOTTLE
1628
1629 The chemical fire bottle is really an advanced molotov cocktail. Rather
1630than using the burning cloth to ignite the flammable liquid, which has at best
1631a fair chance of igniting the liquid, the chemical fire bottle utilizes the very
1632hot and violent reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium chlorate. When the
1633container breaks, the sulfuric acid in the mixture of gasoline sprays onto the
1634paper soaked in potassium chlorate and sugar. The paper, when struck by the
1635acid, instantly bursts into a white flame, igniting the gasoline. The chance
1636of failure to ignite the gasoline is less than 2%, and can be reduced to 0%, if
1637there is enough potassium chlorate and sugar to spare.
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1650 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1651
1652 potassium chlorate glass bottle
1653 (2 teaspoons) (12 oz.)
1654
1655 sugar (2 teaspoons) cap for bottle,
1656 with plastic inside
1657
1658 concentrated cooking pan with raised
1659 sulfuric acid (4 oz.) edges
1660
1661 gasoline (8 oz.) paper towels
1662
1663 glass or plastic cup
1664 and spoon
1665
1666
1667
16681) Test the cap of the bottle with a few drops of sulfuric acid to make sure
1669 that the acid will not eat away the bottle cap during storage. If the
1670 acid eats through it in 24 hours, a new top must be found and tested, until
1671 a cap that the acid does not eat through is found. A glass top is excellent.
1672
16732) Carefully pour 8 oz. of gasoline into the glass bottle.
1674
16753) Carefully pour 4 oz. of concentrated sulfuric acid into the glass bottle.
1676 Wipe up any spills of acid on the sides of the bottle, and screw the cap on
1677 the bottle. Wash the bottle's outside with plenty of water. Set it aside
1678 to dry.
1679
16804) Put about two teaspoons of potassium chlorate and about two teaspoons of
1681 sugar into the glass or plastic cup. Add about 1/2 cup of boiling water,
1682 or enough to dissolve all of the potassium chlorate and sugar.
1683
16845) Place a sheet of paper towel in the cooking pan with raised edges. Fold
1685 the paper towel in half, and pour the solution of dissolved potassium
1686 chlorate and sugar on it until it is thoroughly wet. Allow the towel to
1687 dry.
1688
16896) When it is dry, put some glue on the outside of the glass bottle containing
1690 the gasoline and sulfuric acid mixture. Wrap the paper towel around the
1691 bottle, making sure that it sticks to it in all places. Store the bottle
1692 in a place where it will not be broken or tipped over.
1693
16947) When finished, the solution in the bottle should appear as two distinct
1695 liquids, a dark brownish-red solution on the bottom, and a clear solution
1696 on top. The two solutions will not mix. To use the chemical fire bottle,
1697 simply throw it at any hard surface.
1698
16998) NEVER OPEN THE BOTTLE, SINCE SOME SULFURIC ACID MIGHT BE ON THE CAP, WHICH
1700 COULD TRICKLE DOWN THE SIDE OF THE BOTTLE AND IGNITE THE POTASSIUM CHLORATE,
1701 CAUSING A FIRE AND/OR EXPLOSION.
1702
17039) To test the device, tear a small piece of the paper towel off the bottle,
1704 and put a few drops of sulfuric acid on it. The paper towel should
1705 immediately burst into a white flame.
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
17153.54 BOTTLED GAS EXPLOSIVES
1716
1717
1718 Bottled gas, such as butane for refilling lighters, propane for propane
1719stoves or for bunsen burners, can be used to produce a powerful explosion. To
1720make such a device, all that a simple-minded anarchist would have to do would be
1721to take his container of bottled gas and place it above a can of Sterno or other
1722gelatinized fuel, and light the fuel and run. Depending on the fuel used, and
1723on the thickness of the fuel container, the liquid gas will boil and expand to
1724the point of bursting the container in about five minutes. In theory, the gas
1725would immediately be ignited by the burning gelatinized fuel, producing a large
1726fireball and explosion. Unfortunately, the bursting of the bottled gas container
1727often puts out the fuel, thus preventing the expanding gas from igniting. By
1728using a metal bucket half filled with gasoline, however, the chances of ignition
1729are better, since the gasoline is less likely to be extinguished. Placing the
1730canister of bottled gas on a bed of burning charcoal soaked in gasoline would
1731probably be the most effective way of securing ignition of the expanding gas,
1732since although the bursting of the gas container may blow out the flame of the
1733gasoline, the burning charcoal should immediately re-ignite it. Nitrous oxide,
1734hydrogen, propane, acetylene, or any other flammable gas will do nicely.
1735
1736
1737
17384.0 USING EXPLOSIVES
1739
1740
1741 Once a terrorist has made his explosives, the next logical step is to
1742apply them. Explosives have a wide range of uses, from harassment, to vandalism,
1743to murder. NONE OF THE IDEAS PRESENTED HERE ARE EVER TO BE CARRIED OUT, EITHER
1744IN PART OR IN FULL! DOING SO CAN LEAD TO PROSECUTION, FINES, AND IMPRISONMENT!
1745 The first step that a person that would use explosive would take would
1746be to determine how big an explosive device would be needed to do whatever had
1747to be done. Then, he would have to decide what to make his bomb with. He would
1748also have to decide on how he wanted to detonate the device, and determine
1749where the best placement for it would be. Then, it would be necessary to see
1750if the device could be put where he wanted it without it being discovered or
1751moved. Finally, he would actually have to sit down and build his explosive
1752device. These are some of the topics covered in the next section.
1753
1754
17554.1 SAFETY
1756
1757 There is no such thing as a "safe" explosive device. One can only speak
1758in terms of relative safety, or less unsafe.
1759
1760
17614.2 IGNITION DEVICES
1762
1763 There are many ways to ignite explosive devices. There is the classic
1764"light the fuse, throw the bomb, and run" approach, and there are sensitive
1765mercury switches, and many things in between. Generally, electrical detonation
1766systems are safer than fuses, but there are times when fuses are more
1767appropriate than electrical systems; it is difficult to carry an electrical
1768detonation system into a stadium, for instance, without being caught. A device
1769with a fuse or impact detonating fuse would be easier to hide.
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
17794.21 FUSE IGNITION
1780
1781
1782 The oldest form of explosive ignition, fuses are perhaps the favorite
1783type of simple ignition system. By simply placing a piece of waterproof fuse in
1784a device, one can have almost guaranteed ignition. Modern waterproof fuse is
1785extremely reliable, burning at a rate of about 2.5 seconds to the inch. It is
1786available as model rocketry fuse in most hobby shops, and costs about $3.00 for
1787a nine-foot length. Fuse is a popular ignition system for pipe bombers because
1788of its simplicity. All that need be done is light it with a match or lighter.
1789 Of course, if the Army had fuses like this, then the grenade, which uses
1790fuse ignition, would be very impracticle. If a grenade ignition system can be
1791acquired, by all means, it is the most effective. But, since such things do not
1792just float around, the next best thing is to prepare a fuse system which does
1793not require the use of a match or lighter, but still retains its simplicity.
1794One such method is described below:
1795
1796
1797 MATERIALS
1798 _________
1799
1800 strike-on-cover type matches
1801
1802 electrical tape or duct tape
1803
1804 waterproof fuse
1805
18061) To determine the burn rate of a particular type of fuse, simply measure a
1807 6 inch or longer piece of fuse and ignite it. With a stopwatch, press the
1808 start button the at the instant when the fuse lights, and stop the watch when
1809 the fuse reaches its end. Divide the time of burn by the length of fuse, and
1810 you have the burn rate of the fuse, in seconds per inch. This will be shown
1811 below:
1812
1813 Suppose an eight inch piece of fuse is burned, and its complete time
1814 of combustion is 20 seconds.
1815
1816
1817
1818 20 seconds
1819 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 2.5 seconds per inch.
1820 8 inches
1821
1822
1823 If a delay of 10 seconds was desired with this fuse, divide the desired
1824 time by the number of seconds per inch:
1825
1826 10 seconds
1827 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 4 inches
1828 2.5 seconds / inch
1829
1830NOTE: THE LENGTH OF FUSE HERE MEANS LENGTH OF FUSE TO THE POWDER. SOME FUSE,
1831 AT LEAST AN INCH, SHOULD BE INSIDE THE DEVICE. ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA
1832 INCH, AND PUT THIS EXTRA INCH AN INCH INTO THE DEVICE!!!
1833
1834
18352) After deciding how long a delay is desired before the explosive device is
1836 to go off, add about 1/2 an inch to the premeasured amount of fuse, and
1837 cut it off.
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
18443) Carefully remove the cardboard matches from the paper match case. Do not
1845 pull off individual matches; keep all the matches attached to the cardboard
1846 base. Take one of the cardboard match sections, and leave the other one
1847 to make a second igniter.
1848
18494) Wrap the matches around the end of the fuse, with the heads of the matches
1850 touching the very end of the fuse. Tape them there securely, making sure not
1851 to put tape over the match heads. Make sure they are very secure by pulling
1852 on them at the base of the assembly. They should not be able to move.
1853
18545) Wrap the cover of the matches around the matches attached to the fuse, making
1855 sure that the striker paper is below the match heads and the striker faces
1856 the match heads. Tape the paper so that is fairly tight around the matches.
1857 Do not tape the cover of the striker to the fuse or to the matches. Leave
1858 enough of the match book to pull on for ignition.
1859
1860 _____________________
1861 \ /
1862 \ / ------ match book cover
1863 \ /
1864 | M|f|M ---|------- match head
1865 | A|u|A |
1866 | T|s|T |
1867 | C|e|C |
1868 |tapeH|.|Htape|
1869 | |f| |
1870 |#####|u|#####|-------- striking paper
1871 |#####|s|#####|
1872 \ |e| /
1873 \ |.| /
1874 \ |f| /
1875 \ |u| /
1876 |ta|s|pe|
1877 |ta|e|pe|
1878 |.|
1879 |f|
1880 |u|
1881 |s|
1882 |e|
1883 |.|
1884 |_|
1885
1886
1887 The match book is wrapped around the matches, and is taped to itself.
1888 The matches are taped to the fuse. The striker will rub against the
1889 matcheads when the match book is pulled.
1890
18916) When ready to use, simply pull on the match paper. It should pull the
1892 striking paper across the match heads with enough friction to light them.
1893 In turn, the burning matcheads will light the fuse, since it adjacent to the
1894 burning match heads.
1895
1896
1897
18984.22 IMPACT IGNITION
1899
1900 Impact ignition is an excellent method of ignition for spontaneous
1901terrorist activities. The problem with an impact-detonating device is that it
1902must be kept in a very safe container so that it will not explode while being
1903transported to the place where it is to be used. This can be done by having a
1904removable impact initiator.
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910 The best and most reliable impact initiator is one that uses factory
1911made initiators or primers. A no. 11 cap for black powder firearms is one such
1912primer. They usually come in boxes of 100, and cost about $2.50. To use such
1913a cap, however, one needs a nipple that it will fit on. Black powder nipples
1914are also available in gun stores. All that a person has to do is ask for a
1915package of nipples and the caps that fit them. Nipples have a hole that goes
1916all the way through them, and they have a threaded end, and an end to put the
1917cap on. A cutaway of a nipple is shown below:
1918
1919 ________________
1920 | |
1921 _ |
1922 | | |
1923 _______| |^^^^^^^^| |
1924 | ___________| |
1925 | | |
1926 no. 11 |_______| |
1927 percussion _______ | ------- threads for screwing
1928 cap here | | | nipple onto bomb
1929 | |___________ |
1930 |_______ | |
1931 | |^^^^^^^^^| |
1932 |_| |
1933 |
1934 |________________|
1935
1936
1937 When making using this type of initiator, a hole must be drilled into
1938whatever container is used to make the bomb out of. The nipple is then screwed
1939into the hole so that it fits tightly. Then, the cap can be carried and placed
1940on the bomb when it is to be thrown. The cap should be bent a small amount
1941before it is placed on the nipple, to make sure that it stays in place. The
1942only other problem involved with an impact detonating bomb is that it must
1943strike a hard surface on the nipple to set it off. By attaching fins or a small
1944parachute on the end of the bomb opposite the primer, the bomb, when thrown,
1945should strike the ground on the primer, and explode. Of course, a bomb with
1946mercury fulminate in each end will go off on impact regardless of which end it
1947strikes on, but mercury fulminate is also likely to go off if the person
1948carrying the bomb is bumped hard.
1949
19504.23 ELECTRICAL IGNITION
1951
1952 Electrical ignition systems for detonation are usually the safest and
1953most reliable form of ignition. Electrical systems are ideal for demolition
1954work, if one doesn't have to worry so much about being caught. With two spools
1955of 500 ft of wire and a car battery, one can detonate explosives from a "safe",
1956comfortable distance, and be sure that there is nobody around that could get
1957hurt. With an electrical system, one can control exactly what time a device
1958will explode, within fractions of a second. Detonation can be aborted in less
1959than a second's warning, if a person suddenly walks by the detonation sight, or
1960if a police car chooses to roll by at the time. The two best electrical igniters
1961are military squibs and model rocketry igniters. Blasting caps for construction
1962also work well. Model rocketry igniters are sold in packages of six, and cost
1963about $1.00 per pack. All that need be done to use them is connect it to two
1964wires and run a current through them. Military squibs are difficult to get,
1965but they are a little bit better, since they explode when a current is run
1966through them, whereas rocketry igniters only burst into flame. Military squibs
1967can be used to set off sensitive high explosives, such as R.D.X., or potassium
1968chlorate mixed with petroleum jelly. Igniters can be used to set off black
1969powder, mercury fulminate, or guncotton, which in turn, can set of a high order
1970explosive.
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
19764.24 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL IGNITION
1977
1978 Electro-mechanical ignition systems are systems that use some type of
1979mechanical switch to set off an explosive charge electrically. This type of
1980switch is typically used in booby traps or other devices in which the person
1981who places the bomb does not wish to be anywhere near the device when it
1982explodes. Several types of electro-mechanical detonators will be discussed
1983
1984
19854.241 Mercury Switches
1986
1987 Mercury switches are a switch that uses the fact that mercury metal
1988conducts electricity, as do all metals, but mercury metal is a liquid at
1989room temperatures. A typical mercury switch is a sealed glass tube with
1990two electrodes and a bead of mercury metal. It is sealed because of mercury's
1991nasty habit of giving off brain-damaging vapors. The diagram below may help
1992to explain a mercury switch.
1993
1994 ______________
1995 A / \ B
1996 _____wire +______/___________ \
1997 \ ( Hg ) | /
1998 \ _(_Hg_)__|___/
1999 |
2000 |
2001 wire - |
2002 |
2003 |
2004
2005 When the drop of mercury ("Hg" is mercury's atomic symbol) touches both
2006contacts, current flows through the switch. If this particular switch was in
2007its present position, A---B, current would be flowing, since the mercury can
2008touch both contacts in the horizontal position.
2009 If, however, it was in the | position, the drop of mercury would only
2010touch the + contact on the A side. Current, then couldn't flow, since mercury
2011does not reach both contacts when the switch is in the vertical position.
2012 This type of switch is ideal to place by a door. If it were placed in
2013the path of a swinging door in the verticle position, the motion of the door
2014would knock the switch down, if it was held to the ground by a piece if tape.
2015This would tilt the switch into the verticle position, causing the mercury to
2016touch both contacts, allowing current to flow through the mercury, and to the
2017igniter or squib in an explosive device. Imagine opening a door and having it
2018slammed in your face by an explosion.
2019
2020
20214.242 Tripwire Switches
2022
2023 A tripwire is an element of the classic booby trap. By placing a nearly
2024invisible line of string or fishing line in the probable path of a victim, and
2025by putting some type of trap there also, nasty things can be caused to occur.
2026If this mode of thought is applied to explosives, how would one use such a
2027tripwire to detonate a bomb. The technique is simple. By wrapping the tips of
2028a standard clothespin with aluminum foil, and placing something between them,
2029and connecting wires to each aluminum foil contact, an electric tripwire can
2030be made, If a piece of wood attached to the tripwire was placed between the
2031contacts on the clothespin, the clothespin would serve as a switch. When the
2032tripwire was pulled, the clothespin would snap together, allowing current to
2033flow between the two pieces of aluminum foil, thereby completing a circuit,
2034which would have the igniter or squib in it. Current would flow between
2035the contacts to the igniter or squib, heat the igniter or squib, causing it
2036it to explode.
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043 __________________________________
2044 \_foil___________________________/
2045 Insert strip of ----------------------------spring
2046 wood with trip- _foil__________________________
2047 wire between foil /_______________________________\
2048 contacts.
2049
2050
2051Make sure that the aluminum foil contacts do not touch the spring, since
2052the spring also conducts electricity.
2053
2054
20554.243 Radio Control Detonators
2056
2057
2058 In the movies, every terrorist or criminal uses a radio controlled
2059detonator to set off explosives. With a good radio detonator, one can be
2060several miles away from the device, and still control exactly when it explodes,
2061in much the same way as an electrical switch. The problem with radio detonators
2062is that they are rather costly. However, there could possibly be a reason that
2063a terrorist would wish to spend the amounts of money involved with a RC (radio
2064control) system and use it as a detonator. If such an individual wanted to
2065devise an RC detonator, all he would need to do is visit the local hobby store
2066or toy store, and buy a radio controlled toy. Taking it back to his/her abode,
2067all that he/she would have to do is detach the solenoid/motor that controls the
2068motion of the front wheels of a RC car, or detach the solenoid/motor of the
2069elevators/rudder of a RC plane, or the rudder of a RC boat, and re-connect the
2070squib or rocket engine igniter to the contacts for the solenoid/motor. The
2071device should be tested several times with squibs or igniters, and fully
2072charged batteries should be in both he controller and the receiver (the part
2073that used to move parts before the device became a detonator).
2074
2075
20764.3 DELAYS
2077
2078 A delay is a device which causes time to pass from when a device is
2079set up to the time that it explodes. A regular fuse is a delay, but it would
2080cost quite a bit to have a 24 hour delay with a fuse. This section deals with
2081the different types of delays that can be employed by a terrorist who wishes to
2082be sure that his bomb will go off, but wants to be out of the country when it
2083does.
2084
2085
20864.31 FUSE DELAYS
2087
2088 It is extremely simple to delay explosive devices that employ fuses for
2089ignition. Perhaps the simplest way to do so is with a cigarette. An average
2090cigarette burns for about 8 minutes. The higher the "tar" and nicotine rating,
2091the slower the cigarette burns. Low "tar" and nicotine cigarettes burn quicker
2092than the higher "tar" and nicotine cigarettes, but they are also less likely to
2093go out if left unattended, i.e. not smoked. Depending on the wind or draft in
2094a given place, a high "tar" cigarette is better for delaying the ignition of
2095a fuse, but there must be enough wind or draft to give the cigarette enough
2096oxygen to burn. People who use cigarettes for the purpose of delaying fuses
2097will often test the cigarettes that they plan to use in advance to make sure
2098they stay lit and to see how long it will burn. Once a cigarettes burn rate
2099is determined, it is a simple matter of carefully putting a hole all the way
2100through a cigarette with a toothpick at the point desired, and pushing
2101the fuse for a device in the hole formed.
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110 |=|
2111 |=| ---------- filter
2112 |=|
2113 | |
2114 | |
2115 |o| ---------- hole for fuse
2116 cigarette ------------ | |
2117 | |
2118 | |
2119 | |
2120 | |
2121 | |
2122 | |
2123 | |
2124 | |
2125 |_| ---------- light this end
2126
2127
2128
2129 A similar type of device can be make from powdered charcoal and a sheet
2130of paper. Simply roll the sheet of paper into a thin tube, and fill it with
2131powdered charcoal. Punch a hole in it at the desired location, and insert a
2132fuse. Both ends must be glued closed, and one end of the delay must be doused
2133with lighter fluid before it is lit. Or, a small charge of gunpowder mixed with
2134powdered charcoal could conceivably used for igniting such a delay. A chain of
2135charcoal briquettes can be used as a delay by merely lining up a few bricks
2136of charcoal so that they touch each other, end on end, and lighting the first
2137brick. Incense, which can be purchased at almost any novelty or party supply
2138store, can also be used as a fairly reliable delay. By wrapping the fuse
2139about the end of an incense stick, delays of up to 1/2 an hour are possible.
2140 Finally, it is possible to make a relatively slow-burning fuse in the
2141home. By dissolving about one teaspoon of black powder in about 1/4 a cup of
2142boiling water, and, while it is still hot, soaking in it a long piece of all
2143cotton string, a slow-burning fuse can be made. After the soaked string dries,
2144it must then be tied to the fuse of an explosive device. Sometimes, the
2145end of the slow burning fuse that meets the normal fuse has a charge of black
2146powder or gunpowder at the intersection point to insure ignition, since the
2147slow-burning fuse does not burn at a very high temperature. A similar type of
2148slow fuse can be made by taking the above mixture of boiling water and black
2149powder and pouring it on a long piece of toilet paper. The wet toilet paper
2150is then gently twisted up so that it resembles a firecracker fuse, and is
2151allowed to dry.
2152
2153
2154
21554.32 TIMER DELAYS
2156
2157
2158 Timer delays, or "time bombs" are usually employed by an individual who
2159wishes to threaten a place with a bomb and demand money to reveal its location
2160and means to disarm it. Such a device could be placed in any populated place
2161if it were concealed properly. There are several ways to build a timer delay.
2162By simply using a screw as one contact at the time that detonation is desired,
2163and using the hour hand of a clock as the other contact, a simple timer can be
2164made. The minute hand of a clock should be removed, unless a delay of less
2165than an hour is desired.
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175 ___________________________________ to igniter from igniter
2176 | |
2177 | 12 | : :
2178 | 11 1 | : :
2179 | | : :
2180 | 10 2 | : :
2181 | o................|......: :
2182 | | :
2183 | 9 3 | :
2184 | | :
2185 | | :
2186 | 8 4 | :
2187 | o.........|...... :
2188 | 7 5 | : :
2189 | 6 | :.+.....-.....:
2190 |__________________________________| __|_____|
2191 | |
2192 | battery |
2193 o - contacts | |
2194 ..... - wire | |
2195 |___________|
2196
2197 This device is set to go off in eleven hours. When the hour hand of the
2198clock reaches the contact near the numeral 5, it will complete the circuit,
2199allowing current to flow through the igniter or squib.
2200
2201 The main disadvantage with this type of timer is that it can only be set
2202 for a maximum time of 12 hours. If an electronic timer is used, such as that in
2203an electronic clock, then delays of up to 24 hours are possible. By removing
2204the speaker from an electronic clock, and attaching the wires of a squib or
2205igniter to them, a timer with a delay of up to 24 hours can be made. To utilize
2206this type of timer, one must have a socket that the clock can be plugged into.
2207All that one has to do is set the alarm time of the clock to the desired time,
2208connect the leads, and go away. This could also be done with an electronic
2209watch, if a larger battery were used, and the current to the speaker of the
2210watch was stepped up via a transformer. This would be good, since such a timer
2211could be extremely small. The timer in a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) would
2212be ideal. VCR's can usually be set for times of up to a week. The leads from
2213the timer to the recording equipment would be the ones that an igniter or squib
2214would be connected to. Also, one can buy timers from electronics stores that
2215would be ideal. Finally, one could employ a digital watch, and use a relay, or
2216electro-magnetic switch to fire the igniter, and the current of the watch would
2217not have to be stepped up.
2218
2219
22204.33 CHEMICAL DELAYS
2221
2222
2223 Chemical delays are uncommon, but they can be extremely effective in
2224some cases. If a glass container is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid,
2225and capped with several thicknesses of aluminum foil, or a cap that it will eat
2226through, then it can be used as a delay. Sulfuric acid will react with aluminum
2227foil to produce aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas, and so the container must be
2228open to the air on one end so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas that is
2229forming does not break the container. See diagram on following page.
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240 _ _
2241 | | | |
2242 | | | |
2243 | | | |
2244 | |_____________| |
2245 | | | |
2246 | | sulfuric | |
2247 | | | |
2248 | | acid | |
2249 | | | |---------- aluminum foil
2250 | |_____________| | (several thicknesses)
2251 |_________________|
2252
2253
2254 The aluminum foil is placed over the bottom of the container and secured
2255there with tape. When the acid eats through the aluminum foil, it can be used
2256to ignite an explosive device in several ways.
2257
2258 1) Sulfuric acid is a good conductor of electricity. If the acid that
2259 eats through the foil is collected in a glass container placed
2260 underneath the foil, and two wires are placed in the glass container,
2261 a current will be able to flow through the acid when both of the
2262 wires are immersed in the acid.
2263
2264 2) Sulfuric acid reacts very violently with potassium chlorate. If
2265 the acid drips down into a container containing potassium chlorate,
2266 the potassium chlorate will burst into flame. This flame can be
2267 used to ignite a fuse, or the potassium chlorate can be the igniter
2268 for a thermit bomb, if some potassium chlorate is mixed in a 50/50
2269 ratio with the thermit, and this mixture is used as an igniter for
2270 the rest of the thermit.
2271
2272 3) Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium permangenate in a similar way.
2273
2274
2275
22764.4 EXPLOSIVE CONTAINERS
2277
2278
2279 This section will cover everything from making a simple firecracker to
2280a complicated scheme for detonating an insensitive high explosive, both of which
2281are methods that could be utilized by perpetrators of terror.
2282
2283
22844.41 PAPER CONTAINERS
2285
2286
2287 Paper was the first container ever used for explosives, since it was
2288first used by the Chinese to make fireworks. Paper containers are usually very
2289simple to make, and are certainly the cheapest. There are many possible uses
2290for paper in containing explosives, and the two most obvious are in firecrackers
2291and rocket engines. Simply by rolling up a long sheet of paper, and gluing it
2292together, one can make a simple rocket engine. Perhaps a more interesting and
2293dangerous use is in the firecracker. The firecracker shown here is one of
2294Mexican design. It is called a "polumna", meaning "dove". The process of their
2295manufacture is not unlike that of making a paper football. If one takes a sheet
2296of paper about 16 inches in length by 1.5 inches wide, and fold one corner so
2297that it looks like this:
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304 ________________________________________________________
2305 | |\
2306 | | \
2307 | | \
2308 |______________________________________________________|___\
2309
2310 and then fold it again so that it looks like this:
2311
2312 _______________________________________________________
2313 | /|
2314 | / |
2315 | / |
2316 |__________________________________________________/___|
2317
2318 A pocket is formed. This pocket can be filled with black powder, pyrodex,
2319flash powder, gunpowder,rocket engine powder, or any of the quick-burning fuel-
2320oxodizer mixtures that occur in the form of a fine powder. A fuse is then
2321inserted, and one continues the triangular folds, being careful not to spill
2322out any of the explosive. When the polumna is finished, it should be taped
2323together very tightly, since this will increase the strength of the container,
2324and produce a louder and more powerful explosion when it is lit. The finished
2325polumna should look like a 1/4 inch - 1/3 inch thick triangle, like the one
2326shown below:
2327
2328
2329 ^
2330 / \ ----- securely tape all corners
2331 / \
2332 / \
2333 / \
2334 / \
2335 / \____________________________
2336 /_____________\__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/ ---------- fuse
2337
2338
2339
2340
23414.42 METAL CONTAINERS
2342
2343
2344 The classic pipe bomb is the best known example of a metal-contained
2345explosive. Idiot anarchists take white tipped matches and cut off the match
2346heads. They pound one end of a pipe closed with a hammer, pour in the white-
2347tipped matches, and then pound the other end closed. This process often kills
2348the fool, since when he pounds the pipe closed, he could very easily cause
2349enough friction between the match heads to cause them to ignite and explode the
2350unfinished bomb. By using pipe caps, the process is somewhat safer, and the
2351less stupid anarchist would never use white tipped matches in a bomb. He would
2352buy two pipe caps and threaded pipe (fig. 1). First, he would drill a hole in
2353one pipe cap, and put a fuse in it so that it will not come out, and so powder
2354will not escape during handling. The fuse would be at least 3/4 an inch long
2355inside the bomb. He would then screw the cap with the fuse in it on tightly,
2356possibly putting a drop of super glue on it to hold it tight. He would then
2357pour his explosive powder in the bomb. To pack it tightly, he would take a
2358large wad of tissue paper and, after filling the pipe to the very top, pack the
2359powder down, by using the paper as a ramrod tip, and pushing it with a pencil
2360or other wide ended object, until it would not move any further. Finally, he
2361would screw the other pipe cap on, and glue it. The tissue paper would help
2362prevent some of the powder from being caught in the threads of the pipe or pipe
2363cap from being crushed and subject to friction, which might ignite the powder,
2364causing an explosion during manufacture. An assembled bomb is shown in fig. 2.
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371 _________ _______________ __________
2372 | | ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ | |
2373 | |vvvvv| |_________________________| |vvvvvv| |
2374 | | | |
2375 | | | |
2376 | | | |
2377 | | | |
2378 | | ___________________________ | |
2379 | | | | | |
2380 | |^^^^^| vvvvvv_______________vvvvvv |^^^^^^| |
2381 |_______| |________|
2382
2383 fig 1. Threaded pipe and endcaps.
2384
2385
2386
2387 ________ ________
2388 | _____|________________________________|_____ |
2389 | |__________________________________________| |
2390 | |: : : : |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| |
2391 | | tissue | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |_|
2392 | | : : : |- - - low order explosive - - ----------------------
2393 | | paper | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |-| fuse
2394 | |: : : : |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| |
2395 | |________|_________________________________| |
2396 | |__________________________________________| |
2397 |______| |______|
2398
2399 endcap pipe endcap
2400 w/ hole
2401
2402 fig. 2 Assembled pipe bomb.
2403
2404
2405 This is one possible design that a mad bomber would use. If, however,
2406he did not have access to threaded pipe with endcaps, he could always use a
2407piece of copper or aluminum pipe, since it is easily bent into a suitable
2408position. A major problem with copper piping, however, is bending and folding
2409it without tearing it; if too much force is used when folding and bending copper
2410pipe, it will split along the fold. The safest method for making a pipe bomb
2411out of copper or aluminum pipe is similar to the method with pipe and endcaps.
2412First, one flattens one end of a copper or aluminum pipe carefully, making sure
2413not to tear or rip the piping. Then, the flat end of the pipe should be folded
2414over at least once, if this does not rip the pipe. A fuse hole should be
2415drilled in the pipe near the now closed end, and the fuse should be inserted.
2416Next, the bomb-builder would fill the bomb with a low order explosive, and pack
2417it with a large wad of tissue paper. He would then flatten and fold the other
2418end of the pipe with a pair of pliers. If he was not too dumb, he would do this
2419slowly, since the process of folding and bending metal gives off heat, which
2420could set off the explosive. A diagram is presented below:
2421
2422 ________
2423 _______________________________________________/ |
2424 | |
2425 | o |
2426 |______________________________________________ |
2427 \_______|
2428
2429 fig. 1 pipe with one end flattened and fuse hole drilled (top view)
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437 ______
2438 ____________________________________________/ | |
2439 | | |
2440 | o | |
2441 |___________________________________________ | |
2442 \__|__|
2443
2444 fig. 2 pipe with one end flattened and folded up (top view)
2445
2446 ____________ fuse hole
2447 |
2448 v
2449 _________________________________________________
2450 | \ |____ |
2451 | \____| |
2452 | ______|
2453 | /
2454 |_____________________________/__________________
2455
2456 fig. 3 pipe with flattened and folded end (side view)
2457
2458 _________________ fuse
2459 /
2460 |
2461 ________ ______________________________|___ _______
2462 | ____| / |- - - - - - - - - - -| - - \ |___ |
2463 | |_____/tissue| - - - - - - - - - - - -|- - \_____| |
2464 |________ paper |- - - low order explosive - _______|
2465 \ | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - /
2466 \_____________________________________/
2467
2468
2469 fig. 4 completed bomb, showing tissue paper packing and explosive
2470 (side view)
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475 A CO2 cartridge from a B.B gun is another excellent container for
2476a low-order explosive. It has one minor disadvantage: it is time consuming
2477to fill. But this can be rectified by widening the opening of the cartridge
2478with a pointed tool. Then, all that would have to be done is to fill the
2479CO2 cartridge with any low-order explosive, or any of the fast burning fuel-
2480oxodizer mixtures, and insert a fuse. These devices are commonly called
2481"crater makers".
2482
2483 A CO2 cartridge also works well as a container for a thermit incendiary
2484device, but it must be modified. The opening in the end must be widened, so
2485that the ignition mixture, such as powdered magnesium, does not explode. The
2486fuse will ignite the powdered magnesium, which, in turn, would ignite the
2487thermit.
2488 The previously mentioned designs for explosive devices are fine for
2489low-order explosives, but are unsuitable for high-order explosives, since the
2490latter requires a shockwave to be detonated. A design employing a smaller
2491low-order explosive device inside a larger device containing a high-order
2492explosive would probably be used. It would look something like:
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502 _______________________ fuse
2503 |
2504 |
2505 |
2506 _________ | _________
2507 | ____|__________________________|___________|____ |
2508 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *|* * * * * * * | |
2509 | | * * * * * * high explosive | * * * * * * * | |
2510 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *|* * * * * * * | |
2511 | | * ______ _______________|_ ______ * | |
2512 | | * * | __| / - - - - - - | \ |__ | * | |
2513 | | * | |____/ low explosive - \____| | * | |
2514 | | * * |_______ - - - - - - - - - _______| * | |
2515 | | * * * * * \ - - - - - - - - / * * * * * | |
2516 | | * * * * * * \_________________/ * * * * * | |
2517 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2518 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2519 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2520 | |______________________________________________| |
2521 |_______| |_______|
2522
2523
2524 If the large high explosive container is small, such as a CO2 cartridge,
2525then a segment of a hollow radio antenna can be made into a low-order pipe bomb,
2526which can be fitted with a fuse, and inserted into the CO2 cartridge.
2527
25284.43 GLASS CONTAINERS
2529
2530
2531 Glass containers can be suitable for low-order explosives, but there
2532are problems with them. First, a glass container can be broken relatively
2533easily compared to metal or plastic containers. Secondly, in the
2534not-too-unlikely event of an "accident", the person making the device would
2535probably be seriously injured, even if the device was small. A bomb made out of
2536a sample perfume bottle-sized container exploded in the hands of one boy, and he
2537still has pieces of glass in his hand. He is also missing the final segment of
2538his ring finger, which was cut off by a sharp piece of flying glass...
2539
2540 Nonetheless, glass containers such as perfume bottles can be used by
2541a demented individual, since such a device would not be detected by metal
2542detectors in an airport or other public place. All that need be done is fill
2543the container, and drill a hole in the plastic cap that the fuse fits tightly
2544in, and screw the cap-fuse assembly on.
2545
2546
2547 ________________________ fuse
2548 |
2549 |
2550 |
2551 _____|_____
2552 | ___|___ |
2553 | > | < | drill hole in cap, and insert fuse;
2554 | > | < | be sure fuse will not come out of cap
2555 | > | < |
2556 | | |
2557 | |
2558 | |
2559 | | screw cap on bottle
2560 | |
2561 | |
2562 V V
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568 _________
2569 < >
2570 < >
2571 < >
2572 / \
2573 / \
2574 / \
2575 | | fill bottle with low-order explosive
2576 | |
2577 | |
2578 | |
2579 | |
2580 |___________|
2581
2582
2583 Large explosive devices made from glass containers are not practicle,
2584since glass is not an exceptionally strong container. Much of the explosive
2585that is used to fill the container is wasted if the container is much larger
2586than a 16 oz. soda bottle. Also, glass containers are usually unsuitable for
2587high explosive devices, since a glass container would probably not withstand
2588the explosion of the initiator; it would shatter before the high explosive was
2589able to detonate.
2590
2591
2592
25934.44 PLASTIC CONTAINERS
2594
2595
2596 Plastic containers are perhaps the best containers for explosives, since
2597they can be any size or shape, and are not fragile like glass. Plastic piping
2598can be bought at hardware or plumbing stores, and a device much like the ones
2599used for metal containers can be made. The high-order version works well with
2600plastic piping. If the entire device is made out of plastic, it is not
2601detectable by metal detectors. Plastic containers can usually be shaped by
2602heating the container, and bending it at the appropriate place. They can be
2603glued closed with epoxy or other cement for plastics. Epoxy alone can be used
2604as an endcap, if a wad of tissue paper is placed in the piping. Epoxy with a
2605drying agent works best in this type of device.
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634 || ||
2635 || ||
2636 ||\_____________/||
2637 || ||
2638 || epoxy ||
2639 ||_______________||
2640 || ||
2641 || tissue ||
2642 || paper ||
2643 ||_______________||
2644 ||***************||
2645 ||***************||
2646 ||***************||
2647 ||***************||
2648 ||** explosive **||
2649 ||***************||
2650 ||***********----------------------- fuse
2651 ||***************||
2652 ||ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ||
2653 || ||
2654 || tissue ||
2655 || paper ||
2656 ||_______________||
2657 || ||
2658 || epoxy ||
2659 || _____________ ||
2660 ||/ \||
2661 || ||
2662 || ||
2663
2664
2665 One end must be made first, and be allowed to dry completely before the
2666device can be filled with powder and fused. Then, with another piece of tissue
2667paper, pack the powder tightly, and cover it with plenty of epoxy. PVC pipe
2668works well for this type of device, but it cannot be used if the pipe had an
2669inside diameter greater than 3/4 of an inch. Other plastic puttys can be used
2670int this type of device, but epoxy with a drying agent works best.
2671
2672
2673
2674
26754.5 ADVANCED USES FOR EXPLOSIVES
2676
2677
2678 The techniques presented here are those that could be used by a person
2679who had some degree of knowledge of the use of explosives. Some of this
2680information comes from demolitions books, or from military handbooks. Advanced
2681uses for explosives usually involved shaped charges, or utilize a minimum amount
2682of explosive to do a maximum amount of damage. They almost always involve high-
2683order explosives.
2684
2685
26864.51 SHAPED CHARGES
2687
2688
2689 A shaped charge is an explosive device that, upon detonation, directs
2690the explosive force of detonation at a small target area. This process can be
2691used to breach the strongest armor, since forces of literally millions of pounds
2692of pressure per square inch can be generated. Shaped charges employ high-order
2693explosives, and usually electric ignition systems. KEEP IN MIND THAT ALL
2694EXPLOSIVES ARE DANGEROUS, AND SHOULD NEVER BE MADE OR USED!!
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700 An example of a shaped charge is shown below.
2701
2702
2703 + wire ________ _______ - wire
2704 | |
2705 | |
2706 | |
2707 _ _________|_________|____________
2708 ^ | ________|_________|__________ |
2709 | | | | | | |
2710 | | | \ igniter / | |
2711 | | | \_______/ | |
2712 | | | priming charge | |
2713 | | | (mercury fulminate) | |
2714 | | | ^ | |
2715 | | | / \ | |
2716 | | | / \ | |
2717 | | | / \ | |
2718 | | | / \ | |
2719 | | | / \ | |
2720 | | | / \ | |
2721 | | / \ | |
2722 8 inches high | | / \ | |
2723 | | / high \ | |
2724 | | | / explosive \ | |
2725 | | | / charge \ | |
2726 | | | / \ | |
2727 | | |/ \| |
2728 | | | ^ | |
2729 | | | / \ | |
2730 | | | / \ | |
2731 | | | / \ | |
2732 | | | / \ | |
2733 | | | / \ | |
2734 | | | / \ | |
2735 | | | / \ | |
2736 | | | / \ | |
2737 | | | / \ | | ------- 1/2 inch
2738 | | | / \ | | thick steel
2739 | | | / \ | | pipe
2740 | | | / \ | |
2741 | | |/ \| |
2742 | hole for | | | | hole for
2743 | screw | | | | screw
2744 | | | | |
2745 V_______ ___________| | | |___________ ________
2746 |______| |____________| |_____________| |______|
2747
2748 |<------- 8 inches -------->|
2749
2750 If a device such as this is screwed to a safe, for example, it would
2751direct most of the explosive force at a point about 1 inch away from the opening
2752of the pipe. The basis for shaped charges is a cone-shaped opening in the
2753explosive material. This cone should have an angle of 45 degrees. A device
2754such as this one could also be attached to a metal surface with a powerful
2755electromagnet.
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
27664.52 TUBE EXPLOSIVES
2767
2768
2769 A variation on shaped charges, tube explosives can be used in ways that
2770shaped charges cannot. If a piece of 1/2 inch plastic tubing was filled with
2771a sensitive high explosive like R.D.X., and prepared as the plastic explosive
2772container in section 4.44, a different sort of shaped charge could be produced;
2773a charge that directs explosive force in a circular manner. This type of
2774explosive could be wrapped around a column, or a doorknob, or a telephone pole.
2775The explosion would be directed in and out, and most likely destroy whatever
2776it was wrapped around. In an unbent state, a tube explosive would look like
2777this:
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834 || ||
2835 || ||
2836 ||\____/||
2837 || epoxy||
2838 ||______||
2839 || ||
2840 ||tissue||
2841 || paper||
2842 ||______||
2843 ||******||
2844 ||******||
2845 ||******||
2846 ||******||
2847 ||******||
2848 ||******||
2849 ||******||
2850 ||******||
2851 ||******||
2852 ||******||
2853 ||******||
2854 ||******||
2855 ||******||
2856 ||******||
2857 || RDX ||
2858 ||******||
2859 ||******||
2860 ||******||
2861 ||******||
2862 ||******||
2863 ||******||
2864 ||******||
2865 ||******||
2866 ||******||
2867 ||******||
2868 ||******||
2869 ||******||
2870 ||******||
2871 ||******||
2872 || ____ ||
2873 || | s| ||
2874 || | q| ||
2875 || | u| ||
2876 || | i| ||
2877 || | b| ||
2878 || | b| ||
2879 || |__| ||
2880 ||__||__||
2881 ||tissue||
2882 || paper||
2883 ||__||__||
2884 || || ||
2885 || epoxy||
2886 || || ||
2887 || _||_ ||
2888 ||/ || \||
2889 || || ||
2890 || || ||
2891 ||_______ + wire ______________
2892 |
2893 |________ - wire ______________
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900 When an assassin or terrorist wishes to use a tube bomb, he must wrap
2901it around whatever thing he wishes to destroy, and epoxy the ends of the tube
2902bomb together. After it dries, he/she can connect wires to the squib wires,
2903and detonate the bomb, with any method of electric detonation.
2904
2905
2906
29074.53 ATOMIZED PARTICLE EXPLOSIONS
2908
2909
2910 If a highly flammable substance is atomized, or, divided into very small
2911particles, and large amounts of it is burned in a confined area, an explosion
2912similar to that occurring in the cylinder of an automobile is produced. The
2913tiny droplets of gasoline burn in the air, and the hot gasses expand rapidly,
2914pushing the cylinder up. Similarly, if a gallon of gasoline was atomized and
2915ignited in a building, it is very possible that the expanding gassed would push
2916the walls of the building down. This phenomenon is called an atomized particle
2917explosion. If a person can effectively atomize a large amount of a highly
2918flammable substance and ignite it, he could bring down a large building, bridge,
2919or other structure. Atomizing a large amount of gasoline, for example, can be
2920extremely difficult, unless one has the aid of a high explosive. If a gallon
2921jug of gasoline was placed directly over a high explosive charge, and the charge
2922was detonated, the gasoline would instantly be atomized and ignited. If this
2923occurred in a building, for example, an atomized particle explosion would surely
2924occur. Only a small amount of high explosive would be necessary to accomplish
2925this feat, about 1/2 a pound of T.N.T. or 1/4 a pound of R.D.X. Also, instead
2926of gasoline, powdered aluminum could be used. It is necessary that a high
2927explosive be used to atomize a flammable material, since a low-order explosion
2928does not occur quickly enough to atomize or ignite the flammable material.
2929
2930
2931
2932
29334.54 LIGHTBULB BOMBS
2934
2935
2936
2937 An automatic reaction to walking into a dark room is to turn on the
2938light. This can be fatal, if a lightbulb bomb has been placed in the overhead
2939light socket. A lightbulb bomb is surprisingly easy to make. It also comes
2940with its own initiator and electric ignition system. On some lightbulbs, the
2941lightbulb glass can be removed from the metal base by heating the base of a
2942lightbulb in a gas flame, such as that of a blowtorch or gas stove. This must
2943be done carefully, since the inside of a lightbulb is a vacuum. When the glue
2944gets hot enough, the glass bulb can be pulled off the metal base. On other
2945bulbs, it is necessary to heat the glass directly with a blowtorch or
2946oxy-acetylene torch. When the bulb is red hot, a hole must be carefully poked
2947in the bulb, remembering the vacuum state inside the bulb. In either case,
2948once the bulb and/or base has cooled down to room temperature or lower, the
2949bulb can be filled with an explosive material, such as black powder. If the
2950glass was removed from the metal base, it must be glued back on to the base
2951with epoxy. If a hole was put in the bulb, a piece of duct tape is sufficient
2952to hold the explosive in the in the bulb. Then, after making sure that the
2953socket has no power by checking with a working lightbulb, all that need be
2954done is to screw the lightbulb bomb into the socket. Such a device has been
2955used by terrorists or assassins with much success, since nobody can search the
2956room for a bomb without first turning on the light.
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
29664.55 BOOK BOMBS
2967
2968
2969 Concealing a bomb can be extremely difficult in a day and age where
2970perpetrators of violence run wild. Bags and briefcases are often searched
2971by authorities whenever one enters a place where an individual might intend
2972to set off a bomb. One approach to disguising a bomb is to build what is
2973called a book bomb; an explosive device that is entirely contained inside of
2974a book. Usually, a relatively large book is required, and the book must be of
2975the hardback variety to hide any protrusions of a bomb. Dictionaries, law
2976books, large textbooks, and other such books work well. When an individual
2977makes a bookbomb, he/she must choose a type of book that is appropriate for
2978the place where the book bomb will be placed. The actual construction of a
2979book bomb can be done by anyone who possesses an electric drill and a coping
2980saw. First, all of the pages of the book must be glued together. By pouring
2981an entire container of water-soluble glue into a large bucket, and filling
2982the bucket with boiling water, a glue-water solution can be made that will
2983hold all of the book's pages together tightly. After the glue-water solution
2984has cooled to a bearable temperature, and the solution has been stirred well,
2985the pages of the book must be immersed in the glue-water solution, and each
2986page must be thoroughly soaked. It is extremely important that the covers of
2987the book do not get stuck to the pages of the book while the pages are drying.
2988Suspending the book by both covers and clamping the pages together in a vice
2989works best. When the pages dry, after about three days to a week, a hole must
2990be drilled into the now rigid pages, and they should drill out much like wood.
2991Then, by inserting the coping saw blade through the pages and sawing out a
2992rectangle from the middle of the book, the individual will be left with a shell
2993of the book's pages. The pages, when drilled out, should look like this:
2994
2995
2996 ________________________
2997 | ____________________ |
2998 | | | |
2999 | | | |
3000 | | | |
3001 | | | |
3002 | | | |
3003 | | | |
3004 | | | |
3005 | | | |
3006 | | | |
3007 | | | |
3008 | | | |
3009 | |__________________| |
3010 |______________________|
3011
3012 (book covers omitted)
3013
3014
3015 This rectangle must be securely glued to the back cover of the book.
3016After building his/her bomb, which usually is of the timer or radio controlled
3017variety, the bomber places it inside the book. The bomb itself, and whatever
3018timer or detonator is used, should be packed in foam to prevent it from rolling
3019or shifting about. Finally, after the timer is set, or the radio control has
3020been turned on, the front cover is glued closed, and the bomb is taken to its
3021destination.
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
30324.56 PHONE BOMBS
3033
3034
3035 The phone bomb is an explosive device that has been used in the past
3036to kill or injure a specific individual. The basic idea is simple: when the
3037person answers the phone, the bomb explodes. If a small but powerful high
3038explosive device with a squib was placed in the phone receiver, when the
3039current flowed through the receiver, the squib would explode, detonating the
3040high explosive in the person's hand. Nasty. All that has to be done is
3041acquire a squib, and tape the receiver switch down. Unscrew the mouthpiece
3042cover, and remove the speaker, and connect the squib's leads where it was.
3043Place a high explosive putty, such as C-1 (see section 3.31) in the receiver,
3044and screw the cover on, making sure that the squib is surrounded by the C-1.
3045Hang the phone up, and leave the tape in place. When the individual to whom
3046the phone belongs attempts to answer the phone, he will notice the tape, and
3047remove it. This will allow current to flow through the squib. Note that
3048the device will not explode by merely making a phone call; the owner of the
3049phone must lift up the receiver, and remove the tape. It is highly probable
3050that the phone will be by his/her ear when the device explodes...
3051
3052
30535.0 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PROJECTILE WEAPONS
3054
3055
3056 Explosive and/or poisoned ammunition is an important part of a social
3057deviant's arsenal. Such ammunition gives the user a distinct advantage over
3058individual who use normal ammunition, since a grazing hit is good enough to
3059kill. Special ammunition can be made for many types of weapons, from crossbows
3060to shotguns.
3061
3062
30635.1 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PRIMITIVE WEAPONS
3064
3065
3066 For the purposes of this publication, we will call any weapon primitive
3067that does not employ burning gunpowder to propel a projectile forward. This
3068means blowguns, bows and crossbows, and wristrockets.
3069
3070
3071
30725.11 BOW AND CROSSBOW AMMUNITION
3073
3074
3075 Bows and crossbows both fire arrows or bolts as ammunition. It is
3076extremely simple to poison an arrow or bolt, but it is a more difficult matter
3077to produce explosive arrows or bolts. If, however, one can acquire aluminum
3078piping that is the same diameter of an arrow or crossbow bolt, the entire
3079segment of piping can be converted into an explosive device that detonates
3080upon impact, or with a fuse. All that need be done is find an aluminum tube
3081of the right length and diameter, and plug the back end with tissue paper and
3082epoxy. Fill the tube with any type of low-order explosive or sensitive high-
3083order explosive up to about 1/2 an inch from the top. Cut a slot in the piece
3084of tubing, and carefully squeeze the top of the tube into a round point, making
3085sure to leave a small hole. Place a no. 11 percussion cap over the hole, and
3086secure it with super glue. Finally, wrap the end of the device with electrical
3087or duct tape, and make fins out of tape. Or, fins can be bought at a sporting
3088goods store, and glued to the shaft. The finished product should look like:
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098 _____
3099 | | ---------- no. 11 percussion cap
3100 ||*||
3101 |*|
3102 |*|
3103 |*|
3104 |*|
3105 |*|
3106 |*| ----------- aluminum piping
3107 |*|
3108 |e|
3109 |x|
3110 |p|
3111 |l|
3112 |o|
3113 |s|
3114 |i|
3115 |v|
3116 |e|
3117 |*|
3118 |*|
3119 |*|
3120 |*|
3121 |*|
3122 |*|
3123 |*|
3124 /|_|\
3125 / |t| \
3126 | |p| |
3127 | |_| |
3128 | |e| | -------- fins
3129 | |p| |
3130 | |y| |
3131 |_|_|_|
3132 |_|
3133
3134
3135 tp: tissue paper
3136
3137 epy: epoxy
3138
3139 When the arrow or bolt strikes a hard surface, the percussion cap
3140explodes, igniting or detonating the explosive.
3141
3142
31435.12 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR BLOWGUNS
3144
3145
3146 The blowgun is an interesting weapon which has several advantages.
3147A blowgun can be extremely accurate, concealable, and deliver an explosive
3148or poisoned projectile. The manufacture of an explosive dart or projectile
3149is not difficult. Perhaps the most simple design for such involves the use
3150of a pill capsule, such as the kind that are taken for headaches or allergies.
3151Such a capsule could easily be opened, and the medicine removed. Next, the
3152capsule would be re-filled with an impact-sensitive explosive. An additional
3153high explosive charge could be placed behind the impact-sensitive explosive,
3154if one of the larger capsules were used. Finally, the explosive capsule would
3155be reglued back together, and a tassel or cotton would be glued to the end
3156containing the high explosive, to insure that the impact-detonating explosive
3157struck the target first. Such a device would probably be about 3/4 of an inch
3158long, not including the tassel or cotton, and look something like this:
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164 ____________________
3165 /mercury | \-----------------------
3166 (fulminate| R.D.X. )---------------------- } tassels
3167 \________|___________/-----------------------
3168
3169
3170
3171
31725.13 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR WRISTROCKETS AND SLINGSHOTS
3173
3174
3175 A modern wristrocket is a formidable weapon. It can throw a shooter
3176marble about 500 ft. with reasonable accuracy. Inside of 200 ft., it could well
3177be lethal to a man or animal, if it struck in a vital area. Because of the
3178relatively large sized projectile that can be used in a wristrocket, the
3179wristrocket can be adapted to throw relatively powerful explosive projectiles.
3180A small segment of aluminum pipe could be made into an impact-detonating device
3181by filling it with an impact-sensitive explosive material. Also, such a pipe
3182could be filled with a low-order explosive, and fitted with a fuse, which would
3183be lit before the device was shot. One would have to make sure that the fuse
3184was of sufficient length to insure that the device did not explode before it
3185reached its intended target. Finally, .22 caliber caps, such as the kind that
3186are used in .22 caliber blank guns, make excellent exploding ammunition for
3187wristrockets, but they must be used at a relatively close range, because of
3188their light weight.
3189
3190
3191
3192
31935.2 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR FIREARMS
3194
3195
3196 When special ammunition is used in combination with the power and
3197rapidity of modern firearms, it becomes very easy to take on a small army with
3198a single weapon. It is possible to buy explosive ammunition, but that can be
3199difficult to do. Such ammunition can also be manufactured in the home. There
3200is, however, a risk involved with modifying any ammunition. If the ammunition
3201is modified incorrectly, in such a way that it makes the bullet even the
3202slightest bit wider, an explosion in the barrel of the weapon will occur. For
3203this reason, NOBODY SHOULD EVER ATTEMPT TO MANUFACTURE SUCH AMMUNITION.
3204
3205
32065.21 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR HANDGUNS
3207
3208
3209 If an individual wished to produce explosive ammunition for his/her
3210handgun, he/she could do it, provided that the person had an impact-sensitive
3211explosive and a few simple tools. One would first purchase all lead bullets,
3212and then make or acquire an impact-detonating explosive. By drilling a hole
3213in a lead bullet with a drill, a space could be created for the placement of
3214an explosive. After filling the hole with an explosive, it would be sealed
3215in the bullet with a drop of hot wax from a candle. A diagram of a completed
3216exploding bullet is shown below.
3217
3218 _o_ ------------ drop of wax
3219 /|*|\
3220 | |*|-|----------- impact-sensitive explosive
3221 | |_| |
3222 |_____|
3223
3224 This hollow space design also works for putting poison in bullets.
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
32305.22 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR SHOTGUNS
3231
3232 Because of their large bore and high power, it is possible to create
3233some extremely powerful special ammunition for use in shotguns. If a shotgun
3234shell is opened at the top, and the shot removed, the shell can be re-closed.
3235Then, if one can find a very smooth, lightweight wooden dowel that is close to
3236the bore width of the shotgun, a person can make several types of shotgun-
3237launched weapons. Insert the dowel in the barrel of the shotgun with the
3238shell without the shot in the firing chamber. Mark the dowel about six inches
3239away from the end of the barrel, and remove it from the barrel. Next, decide
3240what type of explosive or incendiary device is to be used. This device can be a
3241chemical fire bottle (sect. 3.43), a pipe bomb (sect 4.42), or a thermit bomb
3242(sect 3.41 and 4.42). After the device is made, it must be securely attached to
3243the dowel. When this is done, place the dowel back in the shotgun. The bomb or
3244incendiary device should be on the end of the dowel. Make sure that the device
3245has a long enough fuse, light the fuse, and fire the shotgun. If the projectile
3246is not too heavy, ranges of up to 300 ft are possible. A diagram of a shotgun
3247projectile is shown below:
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252 ____
3253 || |
3254 || |
3255 || | ----- bomb, securely taped to dowel
3256 || |
3257 ||__|
3258 || |
3259 || | ------- fuse
3260 || |
3261 ||
3262 ||
3263 ||
3264 || --------- dowel
3265 ||
3266 ||
3267 ||
3268 ||
3269 ||
3270 || --------- insert this end into shotgun
3271
3272
3273
3274
32755.3 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR COMPRESSED AIR/GAS WEAPONS
3276
3277
3278 This section deals with the manufacture of special ammunition for
3279compressed air or compressed gas weapons, such as pump B.B guns, CO2 B.B guns,
3280and .22 cal pellet guns. These weapons, although usually thought of as kids
3281toys, can be made into rather dangerous weapons.
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
32965.31 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR B.B GUNS
3297
3298
3299 A B.B gun, for this manuscript, will be considered any type of rifle or
3300pistol that uses compressed air or CO2 gas to fire a projectile with a caliber
3301of .177, either B.B, or lead pellet. Such guns can have almost as high a muzzle
3302velocity as a bullet-firing rifle. Because of the speed at which a .177 caliber
3303projectile flies, an impact detonating projectile can easily be made that has a
3304caliber of .177. Most ammunition for guns of greater than .22 caliber use
3305primers to ignite the powder in the bullet. These primers can be bought at gun
3306stores, since many people like to reload their own bullets. Such primers
3307detonate when struck by the firing pin of a gun. They will also detonate if
3308they are thrown at a hard surface at a great speed. Usually, they will also fit
3309in the barrel of a .177 caliber gun. If they are inserted flat end first, they
3310will detonate when the gun is fired at a hard surface. If such a primer is
3311attached to a piece of thin metal tubing, such as that used in an antenna, the
3312tube can be filled with an explosive, be sealed, and fired from a B.B gun. A
3313diagram of such a projectile appears below:
3314
3315
3316 _____ primers _______
3317 | |
3318 | |
3319 | |
3320 V V
3321 ______ ______
3322 | ________________________ |-------------------
3323 | ****** explosive ******* |------------------- } tassel or
3324 | ________________________ |------------------- cotton
3325 |_____ _____|-------------------
3326 ^
3327 |
3328 |
3329 |_______ antenna tubing
3330
3331 The front primer is attached to the tubing with a drop of super glue.
3332The tubing is then filled with an explosive, and the rear primer is glued on.
3333Finally, a tassel, or a small piece of cotton is glued to the rear primer, to
3334insure that the projectile strikes on the front primer. The entire projectile
3335should be about 3/4 of an inch long.
3336
3337
3338
33395.32 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR .22 CALIBER PELLET GUNS
3340
3341
3342 A .22 caliber pellet gun usually is equivalent to a .22 cal rifle, at
3343close ranges. Because of this, relatively large explosive projectiles can be
3344adapted for use with .22 caliber air rifles. A design similar to that used in
3345section 5.12 is suitable, since some capsules are about .22 caliber or smaller.
3346Or, a design similar to that in section 5.31 could be used, only one would have
3347to purchase black powder percussion caps, instead of ammunition primers, since
3348there are percussion caps that are about .22 caliber. A #11 cap is too small,
3349but anything larger will do nicely.
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
33626.0 ROCKETS AND CANNONS
3363
3364
3365 Rockets and cannon are generally thought of as heavy artillery.
3366Perpetrators of violence do not usually employ such devices, because they are
3367difficult or impossible to acquire. They are not, however, impossible to make.
3368Any individual who can make or buy black powder or pyrodex can make such things.
3369A terrorist with a cannon or large rocket is, indeed, something to fear.
3370
3371
3372
33736.1 ROCKETS
3374
3375
3376 Rockets were first developed by the Chinese several hundred years
3377before Christ. They were used for entertainment, in the form of fireworks.
3378They were not usually used for military purposes because they were inaccurate,
3379expensive, and unpredictable. In modern times, however, rockets are used
3380constantly by the military, since they are cheap, reliable, and have no recoil.
3381Perpetrators of violence, fortunately, cannot obtain military rockets, but they
3382can make or buy rocket engines. Model rocketry is a popular hobby of the space
3383age, and to launch a rocket, an engine is required. Estes, a subsidiary of
3384Damon, is the leading manufacturer of model rockets and rocket engines. Their
3385most powerful engine, the "D" engine, can develop almost 12 lbs. of thrust;
3386enough to send a relatively large explosive charge a significant distance.
3387Other companies, such as Centuri, produce even larger rocket engines, which
3388develop up to 30 lbs. of thrust. These model rocket engines are quite reliable,
3389and are designed to be fired electrically. Most model rocket engines have
3390three basic sections. The diagram below will help explain them.
3391
3392
3393 __________________________________________________________
3394 |_________________________________________________________| -- cardboard
3395 \ clay | - - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . .|c| casing
3396 \_______| - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . |l|
3397 ______ _ - - - thrust - - - | smoke | eject |a|
3398 / clay | - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . .|y|
3399 /________|_____________________|_______|________|_|_______
3400 |_________________________________________________________| -- cardboard
3401 casing
3402
3403
3404 The clay nozzle is where the igniter is inserted. When the area labeled
3405"thrust" is ignited, the "thrust" material, usually a large single grain of a
3406propellant such as black powder or pyrodex, burns, forcing large volumes of hot,
3407rapidly expanding gasses out the narrow nozzle, pushing the rocket forward.
3408After the material has been consumed, the smoke section of the engine is
3409ignited. It is usually a slow-burning material, similar to black powder that
3410has had various compounds added to it to produce visible smoke, usually black,
3411white, or yellow in color. This section exists so that the rocket will be seen
3412when it reaches its maximum altitude, or apogee. When it is burned up, it
3413ignites the ejection charge, labeled "eject". The ejection charge is finely
3414powdered black powder. It burns very rapidly, exploding, in effect. The
3415explosion of the ejection charge pushes out the parachute of the model rocket.
3416It could also be used to ignite the fuse of a bomb...
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428 Rocket engines have their own peculiar labeling system. Typical engine
3429labels are: 1/4A-2T, 1/2A-3T, A8-3, B6-4, C6-7, and D12-5. The letter is an
3430indicator of the power of an engine. "B" engines are twice as powerful as "A"
3431engines, and "C" engines are twice as powerful as "B" engines, and so on. The
3432number following the letter is the approximate thrust of the engine, in pounds.
3433the final number and letter is the time delay, from the time that the thrust
3434period of engine burn ends until the ejection charge fires; "3T" indicates a
34353 second delay.
3436
3437
3438NOTE: an extremely effective rocket propellant can be made by mixing aluminum
3439 dust with ammonium perchlorate and a very small amount of iron oxide.
3440 The mixture is bound together by an epoxy.
3441
3442
3443
34446.11 BASIC ROCKET BOMB
3445
3446
3447 A rocket bomb is simply what the name implies: a bomb that is delivered
3448to its target by means of a rocket. Most people who would make such a device
3449would use a model rocket engine to power the device. By cutting fins from balsa
3450wood and gluing them to a large rocket engine, such as the Estes "C" engine, a
3451basic rocket could be constructed. Then, by attaching a "crater maker", or CO2
3452cartridge bomb to the rocket, a bomb would be added. To insure that the fuse of
3453the "crater maker" (see sect. 4.42) ignited, the clay over the ejection charge
3454of the engine should be scraped off with a plastic tool. The fuse of the bomb
3455should be touching the ejection charge, as shown below.
3456
3457
3458 ____________ rocket engine
3459 | _________ crater maker
3460 | |
3461 | |
3462 V |
3463 _______________________________V_
3464 |_______________________________| ______________________
3465 \ | - - - - - -|***|::::| /# # # # # # # # # # # \
3466 \__| - - - - - -|***|::::| ___/ # # # # # # # # # # # \
3467 __ - - - - - -|***|::::|---fuse--- # # explosive # # )
3468 / | - - - - - -|***|::::| ___ # # # # # # # # # # # /
3469 /___|____________|___|____|____ \_______________________/
3470 |_______________________________|
3471
3472
3473 thrust> - - - - - -
3474 smoke> ***
3475 ejection charge> ::::
3476
3477
3478 Duct tape is the best way to attach the crater maker to the rocket
3479engine. Note in the diagram the absence of the clay over the ejection charge
3480Many different types of explosive payloads can be attached to the rocket, such
3481as a high explosive, an incendiary device, or a chemical fire bottle.
3482
3483
3484
3485 Either four or three fins must be glued to the rocket engine to insure that
3486the rocket flies straight. The fins should look like the following diagram:
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492 |\
3493 | \
3494 | \
3495 | \ <--------- glue this to rocket engine
3496 | \
3497 | \
3498 | \
3499 | |
3500 | |
3501 | |
3502 leading edge |
3503 -------> |
3504 | |
3505 | | trailing edge
3506 | | <--------
3507 | |
3508 | |
3509 | |
3510 | |
3511 \_____/
3512
3513
3514 The leading edge and trailing edge should be sanded with sandpaper so
3515that they are rounded. This will help make the rocket fly straight. A two
3516inch long section of a plastic straw can be attached to the rocket to launch it
3517from. A clothes hanger can be cut and made into a launch rod. The segment of
3518a plastic straw should be glued to the rocket engine adjacent to one of the fins
3519of the rocket. A front view of a completed rocket bomb is shown below.
3520
3521
3522
3523 |
3524 fin | <------ fin
3525 | | |
3526 | | |
3527 | __|__ |
3528 V / \ V
3529 ---------------| |---------------
3530 \_____/
3531 |o <----------- segment of plastic straw
3532 |
3533 |
3534 | <------ fin
3535 |
3536 |
3537
3538 By cutting a coat hanger at the indicated arrows, and bending it, a
3539launch rod can be made. After a fuse is inserted in the engine, the rocket is
3540simply slid down the launch rod, which is put through the segment of plastic
3541straw. The rocket should slide easily along a coathanger, such as the one
3542illustated on the following page:
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557 ____
3558 / \
3559 | |
3560 cut here _____ |
3561 | |
3562 | |
3563 | / \
3564 V / \
3565 _________________/ \________________
3566 / \
3567 / \
3568 /____________________________________________\
3569 ^
3570 |
3571 |
3572 and here ______|
3573
3574
3575 Bend wire to this shape:
3576
3577
3578 _______ insert into straw
3579 |
3580 |
3581 |
3582 V
3583 ____________________________________________
3584 \
3585 \
3586 \
3587 \
3588 \ <--------- bend here to adjust flight angle
3589 |
3590 |
3591 |
3592 |
3593 |
3594 | <---------- put this end in ground
3595 |
3596
3597
3598
35996.12 LONG RANGE ROCKET BOMB
3600
3601
3602 Long range rockets can be made by using multi-stage rockets. Model
3603rocket engines with an "0" for a time delay are designed for use in multi-
3604stage rockets. An engine such as the D12-0 is an excellent example of such an
3605engine. Immediately after the thrust period is over, the ejection charge
3606explodes. If another engine is placed directly against the back of an "0"
3607engine, the explosion of the ejection charge will send hot gasses and burning
3608particles into the nozzle of the engine above it, and ignite the thrust section.
3609 This will push the used "0" engine off of the rocket, causing an overall loss of
3610weight. The main advantage of a multi-stage rocket is that it loses weight as
3611travels, and it gains velocity. A multi-stage rocket must be designed somewhat
3612differently than a single stage rocket, since, in order for a rocket to fly
3613straight, its center of gravity must be ahead of its center of drag. This is
3614accomplished by adding weight to the front of the rocket, or by moving the
3615center of drag back by putting fins on the rocket that are well behind the
3616rocket. A diagram of a multi-stage rocket appears on the following page:
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623 ___
3624 / \
3625 | |
3626 | C |
3627 | M | ------ CM: Crater Maker
3628 | |
3629 | |
3630 |___|
3631 | |
3632 | |
3633 | |
3634 | C | ------ C6-5 rocket engine
3635 /| 6 |\
3636 / | | | \
3637 / | 5 | \
3638 / |___| \ ---- fin
3639 / /| |\ \
3640 / / | | \ \
3641 / / | | \ \
3642 / / | C | \ \
3643 | / | 6 | \ |
3644 | / | | | \ |
3645 | / | 0 | \ |
3646 |/ |___| \|
3647 | / \ |
3648 \______/ ^ \______/ ------- fin
3649 |
3650 |
3651 |
3652 |
3653 C6-0 rocket engine
3654
3655
3656 The fuse is put in the bottom engine.
3657
3658
3659 Two, three, or even four stages can be added to a rocket bomb to give it
3660a longer range. It is important, however, that for each additional stage, the
3661fin area gets larger.
3662
3663
3664
36656.13 MULTIPLE WARHEAD ROCKET BOMBS
3666
3667
3668 "M.R.V." is an acronym for Multiple Reentry Vehicle. The concept is
3669simple: put more than one explosive warhead on a single missile. This can be
3670done without too much difficulty by anyone who knows how to make crater-makers
3671and can buy rocket engines. By attaching crater makers with long fuses to a
3672rocket, it is possible that a single rocket could deliver several explosive
3673devices to a target. Such a rocket might look like the diagram on the
3674following page:
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689 ___
3690 / \
3691 | |
3692 | C |
3693 | M |
3694 |___|
3695 ___| |___
3696 | | | |
3697 | | T | |
3698 / \ | U | / \
3699 / \| B |/ \
3700 | || E || |
3701 | C || || C |
3702 | M || || M |
3703 | ||___|| |
3704 \___/| E |\___/
3705 | N |
3706 /| G |\
3707 / | I | \
3708 / | N | \
3709 / | E | \
3710 / |___| \
3711 / fin/ | \ fin\
3712 | / | \ |
3713 \__/ | \__/
3714
3715 ^
3716 |____ fin
3717
3718
3719 The crater makers are attached to the tube of rolled paper with tape.
3720the paper tube is made by rolling and gluing a 4 inch by 8 inch piece of paper.
3721The tube is glued to the engine, and is filled with gunpowder or black powder.
3722Small holes are punched in it, and the fuses of the crater makers are inserted
3723in these holes. A crater maker is glued to the open end of the tube, so that
3724its fuse is inside the tube. A fuse is inserted in the engine, or in the bottom
3725engine if the rocket bomb is multi stage, and the rocket is launched from the
3726coathanger launcher, if a segment of a plastic straw has been attached to it.
3727
3728
3729
37306.2 CANNON
3731
3732
3733 The cannon is a piece of artillery that has been in use since the
373411th century. It is not unlike a musket, in that it is filled with powder,
3735loaded, and fired. Cannons of this sort must also be cleaned after each shot,
3736otherwise, the projectile may jam in the barrel when it is fired, causing the
3737barrel to explode. A sociopath could build a cannon without too much trouble,
3738if he/she had a little bit of money, and some patience.
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
37556.21 BASIC PIPE CANNON
3756
3757
3758 A simple cannon can be made from a thick pipe by almost anyone. The
3759only difficult part is finding a pipe that is extremely smooth on its interior.
3760This is absolutely necessary; otherwise, the projectile may jam. Copper or
3761aluminum piping is usually smooth enough, but it must also be extremely thick to
3762withstand the pressure developed by the expanding hot gasses in a cannon. If
3763one uses a projectile such as a CO2 cartridge, since such a projectile can be
3764made to explode, a pipe that is about 1.5 - 2 feet long is ideal. Such a pipe
3765MUST have walls that are at least 1/3 to 1/2 an inch thick, and be very smooth
3766on the interior. If possible, screw an endplug into the pipe. Otherwise, the
3767pipe must be crimped and folded closed, without cracking or tearing the pipe.
3768A small hole is drilled in the back of the pipe near the crimp or endplug.
3769Then, all that need be done is fill the pipe with about two teaspoons of
3770grade blackpowder or pyrodex, insert a fuse, pack it lightly by ramming a wad
3771of tissue paper down the barrel, and drop in a CO2 cartridge. Brace the cannon
3772securely against a strong structure, light the fuse, and run. If the person is
3773lucky, he will not have overcharged the cannon, and he will not be hit by
3774pieces of exploding barrel. Such a cannon would look like this:
3775
3776 __________________ fuse hole
3777 |
3778 |
3779 V
3780 ________________________________________________________________
3781 | |______________________________________________________________|
3782 |endplug|powder|t.p.| CO2 cartridge
3783 | ______|______|____|____________________________________________
3784 |_|______________________________________________________________|
3785
3786
3787 An exploding projectile can be made for this type of cannon with a CO2
3788cartridge. It is relatively simple to do. Just make a crater maker, and
3789construct it such that the fuse projects about an inch from the end of the
3790cartridge. Then, wrap the fuse with duct tape, covering it entirely, except for
3791a small amount at the end. Put this in the pipe cannon without using a tissue
3792paper packing wad. When the cannon is fired, it will ignite the end of the fuse,
3793and shoot the CO2 cartridge. The explosive-filled cartridge will explode in
3794about three seconds, if all goes well. Such a projectile would look like this:
3795
3796
3797 ___
3798 / \
3799 | |
3800 | C |
3801 | M |
3802 | |
3803 | |
3804 |\ /|
3805 | | | ---- tape
3806 |_|_|
3807 |
3808 | ------ fuse
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
38216.22 ROCKET FIRING CANNON
3822
3823
3824 A rocket firing cannon can be made exactly like a normal cannon; the
3825only difference is the ammunition. A rocket fired from a cannon will fly
3826further than a rocket alone, since the action of shooting it overcomes the
3827initial inertia. A rocket that is launched when it is moving will go further
3828than one that is launched when it is stationary. Such a rocket would resemble
3829a normal rocket bomb, except it would have no fins. It would look like this:
3830
3831
3832 ___
3833 / \
3834 | |
3835 | C |
3836 | M |
3837 | |
3838 | |
3839 |___|
3840 | E |
3841 | N |
3842 | G |
3843 | I |
3844 | N |
3845 | E |
3846 |___|
3847
3848
3849 the fuse on such a device would, obviously, be short, but it would not
3850be ignited until the rocket's ejection charge exploded. Thus, the delay before
3851the ejection charge, in effect, becomes the delay before the bomb explodes.
3852Note that no fuse need be put in the rocket; the burning powder in the cannon
3853will ignite it, and simultaneously push the rocket out of the cannon at a high
3854velocity.
3855
3856
3857
38587.0 PYROTECHNICA ERRATA
3859
3860
3861 There are many other types of pyrotechnics that a perpetrator of
3862violence might employ. Smoke bombs can be purchased in magic stores, and large
3863military smoke bombs can be bought through adds in gun and military magazines.
3864Also, fireworks can also be used as weapons of terror. A large aerial display
3865rocket would cause many injuries if it were to be fired so that it landed on the
3866ground near a crowd of people. Even the "harmless" pull-string fireworks, which
3867consists of a sort of firecracker that explodes when the strings running
3868through it are pulled, could be placed inside a large charge of a sensitive
3869high explosive. Tear gas is another material that might well be useful
3870to the sociopath, and such a material could be instantly disseminated over
3871a large crowd by means of a rocket-bomb, with nasty effects.
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
38877.1 SMOKE BOMBS
3888
3889
3890 One type of pyrotechnic device that might be employed by a terrorist in
3891many way would be a smoke bomb. Such a device could conceal the getaway route,
3892or cause a diversion, or simply provide cover. Such a device, were it to
3893produce enough smoke that smelled bad enough, could force the evacuation of a
3894building, for example. Smoke bombs are not difficult to make. Although the
3895military smoke bombs employ powdered white phosphorus or titanium compounds,
3896such materials are usually unavailable to even the most well-equipped terrorist.
3897Instead, he/she would have to make the smoke bomb for themselves.
3898
3899 Most homemade smoke bombs usually employ some type of base powder, such
3900as black powder or pyrodex, to support combustion. The base material will burn
3901well, and provide heat to cause the other materials in the device to burn, but
3902not completely or cleanly. Table sugar, mixed with sulfur and a base material,
3903produces large amounts of smoke. Sawdust, especially if it has a small amount
3904of oil in it, and a base powder works well also. Other excellent smoke
3905ingredients are small pieces of rubber, finely ground plastics, and many
3906chemical mixtures. The material in road flares can be mixed with sugar and
3907sulfur and a base powder produces much smoke. Most of the fuel-oxodizer
3908mixtures, if the ratio is not correct, produce much smoke when added to a base
3909powder. The list of possibilities goes on and on. The trick to a successful
3910smoke bomb also lies in the container used. A plastic cylinder works well, and
3911contributes to the smoke produced. The hole in the smoke bomb where the fuse
3912enters must be large enough to allow the material to burn without causing an
3913explosion. This is another plus for plastic containers, since they will melt
3914and burn when the smoke material ignites, producing an opening large enough to
3915prevent an explosion.
3916
3917
39187.2 COLORED FLAMES
3919
3920 Colored flames can often be used as a signaling device for terrorists.
3921by putting a ball of colored flame material in a rocket; the rocket, when the
3922ejection charge fires, will send out a burning colored ball. The materials that
3923produce the different colors of flames appear below.
3924
3925
3926COLOR MATERIAL USED IN
3927ÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
3928_______________________________________________________________________________
3929red strontium road flares,
3930 salts red sparklers
3931 (strontium nitrate)
3932_______________________________________________________________________________
3933green barium salts green sparklers
3934 (barium nitrate)
3935_______________________________________________________________________________
3936yellow sodium salts gold sparklers
3937 (sodium nitrate)
3938_______________________________________________________________________________
3939blue powdered copper blue sparklers,
3940 old pennies
3941_______________________________________________________________________________
3942white powdered magnesium firestarters,
3943 or aluminum aluminum foil
3944_______________________________________________________________________________
3945purple potassium permanganate purple fountains,
3946 treating sewage
3947ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
39537.3 TEAR GAS
3954
3955 A terrorist who could make tear gas or some similar compound could use
3956it with ease against a large number of people. Tear gas is fairly complicated
3957to make, however, and this prevents such individuals from being able to utilize
3958its great potential for harm. One method for its preparation is shown below.
3959
3960 EQUIPMENT
3961 _________
3962
3963 1. ring stands (2)
3964 2. alcohol burner
3965 3. erlenmeyer flask, 300 ml
3966 4. clamps (2)
3967 5. rubber stopper
3968 6. glass tubing
3969 7. clamp holder
3970 8. condenser
3971 9. rubber tubing
3972 10. collecting flask
3973 11. air trap
3974 12. beaker, 300 ml
3975
3976
3977 MATERIALS
3978 _________
3979
3980 10 gms glycerine
3981
3982 2 gms sodium bisulfate
3983
3984 distilled water
3985
3986
39871.) In an open area, wearing a gas mask, mix 10 gms of glycerine with 2 gms
3988 of sodium bisulfate in the 300 ml erlenmeyer flask.
3989
39902.) Light the alcohol burner, and gently heat the flask.
3991
39923.) The mixture will begin to bubble and froth; these bubbles are tear gas.
3993
39944.) When the mixture being heated ceases to froth and generate gas, or a brown
3995 residue becomes visible in the tube, the reaction is complete. Remove the
3996 heat source, and dispose of the heated mixture, as it is corrosive.
3997
39985.) The material that condenses in the condenser and drips into the collecting
3999 flask is tear gas. It must be capped tightly, and stored in a safe place.
4000
4001
40027.4 FIREWORKS
4003
4004
4005 While fireworks cannot really be used as an effective means of terror,
4006they do have some value as distractions or incendiaries. There are several
4007basic types of fireworks that can be made in the home, whether for fun, profit,
4008or nasty uses.
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
40197.41 FIRECRACKERS
4020
4021
4022 A simple firecracker can be made from cardboard tubing and epoxy.
4023The instructions are below:
4024
4025 1) Cut a small piece of cardboard tubing from the tube you are using.
4026 "Small" means anything less than 4 times the diameter of the tube.
4027
4028 2) Set the section of tubing down on a piece of wax paper, and fill
4029 it with epoxy and the drying agent to a height of 3/4 the diameter
4030 of the tubing. Allow the epoxy to dry to maximum hardness, as
4031 specified on the package.
4032
4033 3) When it is dry, put a small hole in the middle of the tube, and
4034 insert a desired length of fuse.
4035
4036 4) Fill the tube with any type of flame-sensitive explosive. Flash
4037 powder, pyrodex, black powder, potassium picrate, lead azide,
4038 nitrocellulose, or any of the fast burning fuel-oxodizer mixtures
4039 will do nicely. Fill the tube almost to the top.
4040
4041 5) Pack the explosive tightly in the tube with a wad of tissue paper
4042 and a pencil or other suitable ramrod. Be sure to leave enough space
4043 for more epoxy.
4044
4045 6) Fill the remainder of the tube with the epoxy and hardener, and allow
4046 it to dry.
4047
4048 7) For those who wish to make spectacular firecrackers, always use
4049 flash powder, mixed with a small amount of other material for
4050 colors. By crushing the material on a sparkler, and adding it
4051 to the flash powder, the explosion will be the same color as the
4052 sparkler. By adding small chunks of sparkler material, the
4053 device will throw out colored burning sparks, of the same color
4054 as the sparkler. By adding powdered iron, orange sparks will
4055 be produced. White sparks can be produced from magnesium shavings,
4056 or from small, LIGHTLY crumpled balls of aluminum foil.
4057
4058 Example: Suppose I wish to make a firecracker that will explode
4059 with a red flash, and throw out white sparks. First,
4060 I would take a road flare, and finely powder the material
4061 inside it. Or, I could take a red sparkler, and finely
4062 powder it. Then, I would mix a small amount of this
4063 material with the flash powder. (NOTE: FLASH POWDER
4064 MAY REACT WITH SOME MATERIALS THAT IT IS MIXED WITH, AND
4065 EXPLODE SPONTANEOUSLY!) I would mix it in a ratio of
4066 9 parts flash powder to 1 part of flare or sparkler
4067 material, and add about 15 small balls of aluminum foil
4068 I would store the material in a plastic bag overnight
4069 outside of the house, to make sure that the stuff doesn't
4070 react. Then, in the morning, I would test a small amount
4071 of it, and if it was satisfactory, I would put it in the
4072 firecracker.
4073
4074 8) If this type of firecracker is mounted on a rocket engine,
4075 professional to semi-professional displays can be produced.
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
40857.42 SKYROCKETS
4086
4087
4088 An impressive home made skyrocket can easily be made in the home from
4089model rocket engines. Estes engines are recommended.
4090
4091 1) Buy an Estes Model Rocket Engine of the desired size, remembering
4092 that the power doubles with each letter. (See sect. 6.1 for details)
4093
4094 2) Either buy a section of body tube for model rockets that exactly
4095 fits the engine, or make a tube from several thicknesses of paper
4096 and glue.
4097
4098 3) Scrape out the clay backing on the back of the engine, so that
4099 the powder is exposed. Glue the tube to the engine, so that the
4100 tube covers at least half the engine. Pour a small charge of
4101 flash powder in the tube, about 1/2 an inch.
4102
4103 4) By adding materials as detailed in the section on firecrackers,
4104 various types of effects can be produced.
4105
4106 5) By putting Jumping Jacks or bottle rockets without the stick
4107 in the tube, spectacular displays with moving fireballs or
4108 M.R.V.'s can be produced.
4109
4110 6) Finally, by mounting many home made firecrackers on the tube with
4111 the fuses in the tube, multiple colored bursts can be made.
4112
4113
41147.43 ROMAN CANDLES
4115
4116 Roman candles are impressive to watch. They are relatively difficult
4117to make, compared to the other types of home-made fireworks, but they are
4118well worth the trouble.
4119
4120 1) Buy a 1/2 inch thick model rocket body tube, and reinforce it
4121 with several layers of paper and/or masking tape. This must
4122 be done to prevent the tube from exploding. Cut the tube into
4123 about 10 inch lengths.
4124
4125 2) Put the tube on a sheet of wax paper, and seal one end with epoxy
4126 and the drying agent. About 1/2 of an inch is sufficient.
4127
4128 3) Put a hole in the tube just above the bottom layer of epoxy,
4129 and insert a desired length of water proof fuse. Make sure that
4130 the fuse fits tightly.
4131
4132 4) Pour about 1 inch of pyrodex or gunpowder down the open end of the
4133 tube.
4134
4135 5) Make a ball by powdering about two 6 inch sparklers of the desired
4136 color. Mix this powder with a small amount of flash powder and
4137 a small amount of pyrodex, to have a final ratio (by volume) of
4138 60% sparkler material / 20% flash powder / 20% pyrodex. After
4139 mixing the powders well, add water, one drop at a time, and mixing
4140 continuously, until a damp paste is formed. This paste should
4141 be moldable by hand, and should retain its shape when left alone.
4142 Make a ball out of the paste that just fits into the tube. Allow
4143 the ball to dry.
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151 6) When it is dry, drop the ball down the tube. It should slide down
4152 fairly easily. Put a small wad of tissue paper in the tube, and pack
4153 it gently against the ball with a pencil.
4154
4155 7) When ready to use, put the candle in a hole in the ground, pointed
4156 in a safe direction, light the fuse, and run. If the device works,
4157 a colored fireball should shoot out of the tube to a height of
4158 about 30 feet. This height can be increased by adding a slightly
4159 larger powder charge in step 4, or by using a slightly longer tube.
4160
4161 8) If the ball does not ignite, add slightly more pyrodex in step 5.
4162
4163 9) The balls made for roman candles also function very well in rockets,
4164 producing an effect of falling colored fireballs.
4165
4166
4167
41688.0 LISTS OF SUPPLIERS AND MORE INFORMATION
4169
4170
4171 Most, if not all, of the information in this publication can be obtained
4172 through a public or university library. There are also many publications that
4173are put out by people who want to make money by telling other people how to
4174make explosives at home. Adds for such appear frequently in paramilitary
4175magazines and newspapers. This list is presented to show the large number of
4176places that information and materials can be purchased from. It also includes
4177fireworks companies and the like.
4178
4179
4180COMPANY NAME AND ADDRESS WHAT COMPANY SELLS
4181ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
4182
4183 FULL AUTO CO. INC. EXPLOSIVE RECIPES,
4184 P.O. BOX 1881 PAPER TUBING
4185 MURFREESBORO, TN
4186 37133
4187_______________________________________________________________________________
4188
4189 UNLIMITED CHEMICALS AND FUSE
4190 BOX 1378-SN
4191 HERMISTON, OREGON
4192 97838
4193_______________________________________________________________________________
4194
4195 AMERICAN FIREWORKS NEWS FIREWORKS NEWS MAGAZINE WITH
4196 SR BOX 30 SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES
4197 DINGMAN'S FERRY, PENNSYLVANIA
4198 18328
4199_______________________________________________________________________________
4200
4201 BARNETT INTERNATIONAL INC. BOWS, CROSSBOWS, ARCHERY MATERIALS,
4202 125 RUNNELS STREET AIR RIFLES
4203 P.O. BOX 226
4204 PORT HURON, MICHIGAN
4205 48060
4206_______________________________________________________________________________
4207
4208 CROSSMAN AIR GUNS AIR GUNS
4209 P.O. BOX 22927
4210 ROCHESTER, NEW YORK
4211 14692
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217_______________________________________________________________________________
4218
4219 EXECUTIVE PROTECTION PRODUCTS INC. TEAR GAS GRENADES,
4220 316 CALIFORNIA AVE. PROTECTION DEVICES
4221 RENO, NEVADA
4222 89509
4223_______________________________________________________________________________
4224
4225 BADGER FIREWORKS CO. INC. CLASS "B" AND "C" FIREWORKS
4226 BOX 1451
4227 JANESVILLE, WISCONSIN
4228 53547
4229_______________________________________________________________________________
4230
4231 NEW ENGLAND FIREWORKS CO. INC. CLASS "C" FIREWORKS
4232 P.O. BOX 3504
4233 STAMFORD, CONNECTICUTT
4234 06095
4235_______________________________________________________________________________
4236
4237 RAINBOW TRAIL CLASS "C" FIREWORKS
4238 BOX 581
4239 EDGEMONT, PENNSYLVANIA
4240 19028
4241_______________________________________________________________________________
4242
4243 STONINGTON FIREWORKS INC. CLASS "C" AND "B" FIREWORKS
4244 4010 NEW WILSEY BAY U.25 ROAD
4245 RAPID RIVER, MICHIGAN
4246 49878
4247_______________________________________________________________________________
4248
4249 WINDY CITY FIREWORKS INC. CLASS "C" AND "B" FIREWORKS
4250 P.O. BOX 11 (GOOD PRICES!)
4251 ROCHESTER, INDIANNA
4252 46975
4253_______________________________________________________________________________
4254
4255
4256BOOKS
4257ÄÄÄÄÄ
4258
4259THE ANARCHIST'S COOKBOOK
4260
4261THE IMPROVISED MUNITIONS MANUAL
4262
4263MILITARY EXPLOSIVES
4264
4265FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
42839.0 CHECKLIST FOR RAIDS ON LABS
4284
4285 In the end, the serious terrorist would probably realize that if he/she
4286wishes to make a truly useful explosive, he or she will have to steal the
4287chemicals to make the explosive from a lab. A list of such chemicals in order
4288of priority would probably resemble the following:
4289
4290 LIQUIDS SOLIDS
4291 _______ ______
4292
4293 ____ Nitric Acid ____ Potassium Perchlorate
4294 ____ Sulfuric Acid ____ Potassium Chlorate
4295 ____ 95% Ethanol ____ Picric Acid (usually a powder)
4296 ____ Toluene ____ Ammonium Nitrate
4297 ____ Perchloric Acid ____ Powdered Magnesium
4298 ____ Hydrochloric Acid ____ Powdered Aluminum
4299
4300 ____ Potassium Permanganate
4301 ____ Sulfur
4302 ____ Mercury
4303 ____ Potassium Nitrate
4304 ____ Potassium Hydroxide
4305 ____ Phosphorus
4306 ____ Sodium Azide
4307 ____ Lead Acetate
4308 ____ Barium Nitrate
4309
4310
431110.0 USEFUL PYROCHEMISTRY
4312
4313 In general, it is possible to make many chemicals from just a few basic
4314ones. A list of useful chemical reactions is presented. It assumes knowledge
4315of general chemistry; any individual who does not understand the following
4316reactions would merely have to read the first five chapters of a high school
4317chemistry book.
4318
4319
43201. potassium perchlorate from perchloric acid and potassium hydroxide
4321 K(OH) + HClO ----> KClO + H O
4322 4 4 2
4323
43242. potassium nitrate from nitric acid and potassium hydroxide
4325 " + HNO ----> KNO + "
4326 3 3
4327
43283. ammonium perchlorate from perchloric acid and ammonium hydroxide
4329 NH OH + HClO ----> NH ClO + "
4330 3 4 3 4
4331
43324. ammonium nitrate from nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide
4333 NH OH + HNO ----> NH NO + "
4334 3 3 3 3
4335
43365. powdered aluminum from acids, aluminum foil, and magnesium
4337
4338A. aluminum foil + 6HCl ----> 2AlCl + 3H
4339 3 2
4340
4341B. 2AlCl (aq) + 3Mg ----> 3MgCl (aq) + 2Al
4342 3 2
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349 The Al will be a very fine silvery powder at the bottom of the container
4350which must be filtered and dried. This same method works with nitric and
4351sulfuric acids, but these acids are too valuable in the production of high
4352explosives to use for such a purpose, unless they are available in great excess.
4353
4354
435511.0 ABOUT THE AUTHOR
4356
4357
4358 The author, who wishes his name to be unknown, is presently attending
4359a college in the United States of America, majoring in Engineering. He was
4360raised by his parents on the East Coast, and received his high school education
4361there. He first became interested in pyrotechnics when he was about eight years
4362of age. At age twelve, he produced his first explosive device; it was slightly
4363more powerful than a large firecracker. He continued to produce explosive
4364devices for several years. He also became interested in model rocketry, and has
4365built several rockets from kits, and designed his own rockets. While in high
4366school, the author became affiliated with CHAOS, and eventually became the
4367head of Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies. At this time, at age 18, he produced
4368his first high explosive device, putting a 1 foot deep crater in an associate's
4369back yard. He had also produced many types of rockets, explosive ammunition,
4370and other pyrotechnic devices. While he was heading Gunzenbomz Pyro-
4371Technologies, he was injured when a home made device exploded in his hand; he
4372did not make the device. The author learned, however, and then decided to
4373reform, and although he still constructs an occasional explosive device, he
4374chooses to abstain from their production. An occasional rocket that produces
4375effects similar to that of professional displays can sometimes be seen in the
4376midnight sky near his college, and the Fourth of July is still his favorite day
4377of the year.
4378
4379
4380 Pax et Discordia,
4381
4382 the Author
4383
4384
4385HERE ENDS THE FIRST PUBLICATION OF THE TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK. THIS IS THE ONLY
4386AUTHORIZED PUBLICATION, AND THE SOLE PRODUCTION RIGHTS BELONG TO CHAOS
4387INDUSTRIES AND GUNZENBOMZ PYRO-TECHNOLOGIES.