· 10 years ago · Aug 31, 2016, 05:54 AM
1
2
3
4 The Terrorist's Handbook
5 ------------------------
6 Written BY: UNKNOWN AUTHOR
7
8HEAVILY EDITED by: Kloey Detect of Five O and B.S. of Hardbodies
9
10Special thanks to WordPerfect Corporation for their spelling
11checker.......This file NEEDED IT!
12
13(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)
14SPECIAL THANX ALSO GOES OUT TO:
15
16Nitro Glycerine: For providing the files!
17Xpax : For being patient while the cop was there!
18The Producer : For getting the files to me....
19The Director : For getting the files to me....
20Mr.Camaro : For his BIG EGO!!!
21The Magician : For ALL the Bernoulli carts he is gonna send!!
22
23
24This is a collection of many years worth of effort........this is
25the original manuscript for a non-published work, from an unknown
26author.....It was originally two LARGE files which had to be
27merged and then HEAVILY EDITED, mostly the pictures, and then
28spellchecked...This guy is a chemical genius but he could not
29spell if his life depended on it....I have simply run a spell
30check via WordPerfect 4.2, so there are probably more errors
31which were not picked up...sorry...I hope you have the patience
32to sit through this file, read it, then correct every little
33error....It is not like I am submitting it or anything...!!!!!
34
35
36This file is dedicated To Kathie & KiKi
37.....Wherever you both may be.....
38
39
40 THE TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK
41 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
42
43
441.0 INTRODUCTION
45
46 Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies, a division of Chaos Industries (CHAOS), is
47proud to present this first edition of The Terrorist's Handbook. First and
48foremost, let it be stated that Chaos Industries assumes no responsibilities
49for any misuse of the information presented in this publication. The purpose
50of this is to show the many techniques and methods used by those people in this
51and other countries who employ terror as a means to political and social goals.
52The techniques herein can be obtained from public libraries, and can usually be
53carried out by a terrorist with minimal equipment. This makes one all the more
54frightened, since any lunatic or social deviant could obtain this information,
55and use it against anyone. The processes and techniques herein SHOULD NOT BE
56CARRIED OUT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES!! SERIOUS HARM OR DEATH COULD OCCUR FROM
57ATTEMPTING TO PERFORM ANY OF THE METHODS IN THIS PUBLICATION. THIS IS MERELY
58FOR READING ENJOYMENT, AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR ACTUAL USE!!
59
60Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies feels that it is important that everyone has some
61idea of just how easy it is for a terrorist to perform acts of terror; that is
62the reason for the existence of this publication.
63
64
65
66
67
68
691.1 Table of Contents
70 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
71
722.0 ....... BUYING EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS
732.01 ........ Black Powder
742.02 ........ Pyrodex
752.03 ........ Rocket Engine Powder
762.04 ........ Rifle/Shotgun Powder
772.05 ........ Flash Powder
782.06 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
792.1 ....... ACQUIRING CHEMICALS
802.11 ........ Techniques for Picking Locks
812.2 ....... LIST OF USEFUL HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND AVAILABILITY
822.3 ....... PREPARATION OF CHEMICALS
832.31 ........ Nitric Acid
842.32 ........ Sulfuric Acid
852.33 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
863.0 ....... EXPLOSIVE RECIPES
873.01 ........ Explosive Theory
883.1 ....... IMPACT EXPLOSIVES
893.11 ........ Ammonium Triiodide Crystals
903.12 ........ Mercury Fulminate
913.13 ........ Nitroglycerine
923.14 ........ Picrates
933.2 ....... LOW ORDER EXPLOSIVES
943.21 ........ Black Powder
953.22 ........ Nitrocellulose
963.23 ........ Fuel + Oxodizer mixtures
973.24 ........ Perchlorates
983.3 ....... HIGH ORDER EXPLOSIVES
993.31 ........ R.D.X. (Cyclonite)
1003.32 ........ Ammonium Nitrate
1013.33 ........ ANFOS
1023.34 ........ T.N.T.
1033.35 ........ Potassium Chlorate
1043.36 ........ Dynamite
1053.37 ........ Nitrostarch Explosives
1063.38 ........ Picric Acid
1073.39 ........ Ammonium Picrate (Explosive D)
1083.40 ........ Nitrogen Trichloride
1093.41 ........ Lead Azide
1103.5 ....... OTHER "EXPLOSIVES"
1113.51 ........ Thermit
1123.52 ........ Molotov Cocktails
1133.53 ........ Chemical Fire Bottle
1143.54 ........ Bottled Gas Explosives
1154.0 ....... USING EXPLOSIVES
1164.1 ....... SAFETY
1174.2 ....... IGNITION DEVICES
1184.21 ........ Fuse Ignition
1194.22 ........ Impact Ignition
1204.23 ........ Electrical Ignition
1214.24 ........ Electro - Mechanical Ignition
1224.241 ....... Mercury Switches
1234.242 ....... Tripwire Switches
1244.243 ....... Radio Control Detonators
1254.3 ....... DELAYS
1264.31 ........ Fuse Delays
1274.32 ........ Timer Delays
1284.33 ........ Chemical Delays
129
130
131
132
133
134
1354.4 ....... EXPLOSIVE CONTAINERS
1364.41 ........ Paper Containers
1374.42 ........ Metal Containers
1384.43 ........ Glass Containers
1394.44 ........ Plastic Containers
1404.5 ....... ADVANCED USES FOR EXPLOSIVES
1414.51 ........ Shaped Charges
1424.52 ........ Tube Explosives
1434.53 ........ Atomized Particle Explosions
1444.54 ........ Lightbulb Bombs
1454.55 ........ Book Bombs
1464.56 ........ Phone Bombs
1475.0 ....... SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PROJECTILE WEAPONS
1485.1 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (PRIMITIVE)
1495.11 ........ Bow and Crossbow Ammunition
1505.12 ........ Blowgun Ammunition
1515.13 ........ Wrist Rocket and Slingshot Ammunition
1525.2 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (FIREARMS)
1535.21 ........ Handgun Ammunition
1545.22 ........ Shotguns
1555.3 ....... PROJECTILE WEAPONS (COMPRESSED GAS)
1565.31 ........ .177 Caliber B.B Gun Ammunition
1575.32 ........ .22 Caliber Pellet Gun Ammunition
1586.0 ....... ROCKETS AND CANNONS
1596.1 ....... ROCKETS
1606.11 ........ Basic Rocket-Bomb
1616.12 ........ Long Range Rocket-Bomb
1626.13 ........ Multiple Warhead Rocket-Bombs
1636.2 ........ CANNONS
1646.21 ........ Basic Pipe Cannon
1656.22 ........ Rocket-Firing Cannon
1667.0 ....... PYROTECHNICA ERRATA
1677.1 ......... Smoke Bombs
1687.2 ......... Colored Flames
1697.3 ......... Tear Gas
1707.4 ......... Fireworks
1717.41 ........ Firecrackers
1727.42 ........ Skyrockets
1737.43 ........ Roman Candles
1748.0 ....... LISTS OF SUPPLIERS AND FURTHER INFORMATION
1759.0 ....... CHECKLIST FOR RAIDS ON LABS
17610.0 ...... USEFUL PYROCHEMISTRY
17711.0 ...... ABOUT THE AUTHOR
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
2012.0 BUYING EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS
202
203 Almost any city or town of reasonable size has a gun store and
204a pharmacy. These are two of the places that potential terrorists visit in
205order to purchase explosive material. All that one has to do is know something
206about the non-explosive uses of the materials. Black powder, for example,
207is used in blackpowder firearms. It comes in varying "grades", with each
208different grade being a slightly different size. The grade of black powder
209depends on what the calibre of the gun that it is used in; a fine grade of
210powder could burn too fast in the wrong caliber weapon. The rule is:
211the smaller the grade, the faster the burn rate of the powder.
212
213
2142.01 BLACK POWDER
215
216
217 Black powder is generally available in three grades. As stated before,
218the smaller the grade, the faster the powder burns. Burn rate is extremely
219important in bombs. Since an explosion is a rapid increase of gas volume in
220a confined environment, to make an explosion, a quick-burning powder is
221desirable. The three common grades of black powder are listed below, along
222with the usual bore width (calibre) of what they are used in. Generally,
223the fastest burning powder, the FFF grade is desirable. However, the other
224grades and uses are listed below:
225
226
227 GRADE BORE WIDTH EXAMPLE OF GUN
228 ÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
229
230 F .50 or greater model cannon; some rifles
231 FF .36 - .50 large pistols; small rifles
232 FFF .36 or smaller pistols; derringers
233
234
235 The FFF grade is the fastest burning, because the smaller grade has
236more surface area or burning surface exposed to the flame front. The larger
237grades also have uses which will be discussed later. The price range of
238black powder, per pound, is about $8.50 - $9.00. The price is not affected
239by the grade, and so one saves oneself time and work if one buys the finer
240grade of powder. The major problems with black powder are that it can be
241ignited accidentally by static electricity, and that it has a tendency to
242absorb moisture from the air. To safely crush it, a bomber would use a plastic
243spoon and a wooden salad bowl. Taking a small pile at a time, he or she would
244apply pressure to the powder through the spoon and rub it in a series of strokes
245or circles, but not too hard. It is fine enough to use when it is about as fine
246as flour. The fineness, however, is dependant on what type of device one wishes
247to make; obviously, it would be impracticle to crush enough powder to fill a 1
248foot by 4 inch radius pipe. Anyone can purchase black powder, since anyone can
249own black powder firearms in America.
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
2682.02 PYRODEX
269
270
271 Pyrodex is a synthetic powder that is used like black powder. It comes
272in the same grades, but it is more expensive per pound. However, a one pound
273container of pyrodex contains more material by volume than a pound of black
274powder. It is much easier to crush to a very fine powder than black powder, and
275it is considerably safer and more reliable. This is because it will
276not be set off by static electricity, as black can be, and it is less inclined
277to absorb moisture. It costs about $10.00 per pound. It can be crushed in the
278same manner as black powder, or it can be dissolved in boiling water and dried.
279
280
2812.03 ROCKET ENGINE POWDER
282
283 One of the most exciting hobbies nowadays is model rocketry. Estes is
284the largest producer of model rocket kits and engines. Rocket engines are
285composed of a single large grain of propellant. This grain is surrounded by
286a fairly heavy cardboard tubing. One gets the propellant by slitting the tube
287lengthwise, and unwrapping it like a paper towel roll. When this is done, the
288grey fire clay at either end of the propellant grain must be removed. This is
289usually done gently with a plastic or brass knife. The material is exceptionally
290hard, and must be crushed to be used. By gripping the grain on the widest
291setting on a set of pliers, and putting the grain and powder in a plastic bag,
292the powder will not break apart and shatter all over. This should be done to
293all the large chunks of powder, and then it should be crushed like black powder.
294Rocket engines come in various sizes, ranging from 1/4 A - 2T to the incredibly
295powerful D engines. The larger the engine, the more expensive. D engines come
296in packages of three, and cost about $5.00 per package. Rocket engines are
297perhaps the single most useful item sold in stores to a terrorist, since they
298can be used as is, or can be cannibalized for their explosive powder.
299
300
3012.04 RIFLE/SHOTGUN POWDER
302
303 Rifle powder and shotgun powder are really the same from a practicle
304standpoint. They are both nitrocellulose based propellants. They will be
305referred to as gunpowder in all future references. Gunpowder is made by the
306action of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid upon cotton. This material is
307then dissolved by solvents and then reformed in the desired grain size. When
308dealing with gunpowder, the grain size is not nearly as important as that of
309black powder. Both large and small grained gunpowder burn fairly slowly
310compared to black powder when unconfined, but when it is confined, gunpowder
311burns both hotter and with more gaseous expansion, producing more pressure.
312Therefore, the grinding process that is often necessary for other propellants
313is not necessary for gunpowder. Gunpowder costs about $9.00 per pound. Any
314idiot can buy it, since there are no restrictions on rifles or shotguns in the
315U.S.
316
317
3182.05 FLASH POWDER
319
320
321 Flash powder is a mixture of powdered zirconium metal and various
322oxidizers. It is extremely sensitive to heat or sparks, and should be treated
323with more care than black powder, with which it should NEVER be mixed. It is
324sold in small containers which must be mixed and shaken before use. It is very
325finely powdered, and is available in three speeds: fast, medium, and slow. The
326fast flash powder is the best for using in explosives or detonators.
327
328
329
330
331
332 It burns very rapidly, regardless of confinement or packing, with a hot
333white "flash", hence its name. It is fairly expensive, costing about $11.00.
334It is sold in magic shops and theatre supply stores.
335
336
3372.06 AMMONIUM NITRATE
338
339
340 Ammonium nitrate is a high explosive material that is often used as
341a commercial "safety explosive" It is very stable, and is difficult to ignite
342with a match. It will only light if the glowing, red-hot part of a match is
343touching it. It is also difficult to detonate; (the phenomenon of detonation
344will be explained later) it requires a large shockwave to cause it to go high
345explosive. Commercially, it is sometimes mixed with a small amount of
346nitroglycerine to increase its sensitivity. Ammonium nitrate is used in the
347"Cold-Paks" or "Instant Cold", available in most drug stores. The "Cold Paks"
348consist of a bag of water, surrounded by a second plastic bag containing the
349ammonium nitrate. To get the ammonium nitrate, simply cut off the top of the
350outside bag, remove the plastic bag of water, and save the ammonium nitrate in
351a well sealed, airtight container, since it is rather hydroscopic, i.e. it
352tends to absorb water from the air. It is also the main ingredient in many
353fertilizers.
354
355
3562.1 ACQUIRING CHEMICALS
357
358
359 The first section deals with getting chemicals legally. This section
360deals with "procuring" them. The best place to steal chemicals is a college.
361Many state schools have all of their chemicals out on the shelves in the
362labs, and more in their chemical stockrooms. Evening is the best time to enter
363lab buildings, as there are the least number of people in the buildings, and
364most of the labs will still be unlocked. One simply takes a bookbag, wears
365a dress shirt and jeans, and tries to resemble a college freshman. If anyone
366asks what such a person is doing, the thief can simply say that he is looking
367for the polymer chemistry lab, or some other chemistry-related department
368other than the one they are in. One can usually find out where the various
369labs and departments in a building are by calling the university. There
370are, of course other techniques for getting into labs after hours, such as
371placing a piece of cardboard in the latch of an unused door, such as a back
372exit. Then, all one needs to do is come back at a later hour. Also, before
373this is done, terrorists check for security systems. If one just walks into a
374lab, even if there is someone there, and walks out the back exit, and slip the
375cardboard in the latch before the door closes, the person in the lab will never
376know what happened. It is also a good idea to observe the building that one
377plans to rob at the time that one plans to rob it several days before the
378actual theft is done. This is advisable since the would-be thief should know
379when and if the campus security makes patrols through buildings. Of course, if
380none of these methods are successful, there is always section 2.11, but as a
381rule, college campus security is pretty poor, and nobody suspects another
382person in the building of doing anything wrong, even if they are there at an
383odd hour.
384
385
3862.11 TECHNIQUES FOR PICKING LOCKS
387
388
389 If it becomes necessary to pick a lock to enter a lab, the world's
390most effective lockpick is dynamite, followed by a sledgehammer. There are
391unfortunately, problems with noise and excess structural damage with these
392methods. The next best thing, however, is a set of army issue lockpicks.
393
394
395
396
397
398These, unfortunately, are difficult to acquire. If the door to a lab is locked,
399but the deadbolt is not engaged, then there are other possibilities. The rule
400here is: if one can see the latch, one can open the door. There are several
401devices which facilitate freeing the latch from its hole in the wall. Dental
402tools, stiff wire ( 20 gauge ), specially bent aluminum from cans, thin pocket-
403knives, and credit cards are the tools of the trade. The way that all these
404tools and devices are uses is similar: pull, push, or otherwise move the latch
405out of its hole in the wall, and pull the door open. This is done by sliding
406whatever tool that you are using behind the latch, and pulling the latch out
407from the wall. To make an aluminum-can lockpick, terrorists can use an aluminum
408can and carefully cut off the can top and bottom. Cut off the cans' ragged
409ends. Then, cut the open-ended cylinder so that it can be flattened out into a
410single long rectangle. This should then be cut into inch wide strips. Fold the
411strips in 1/4 inch increments (1). One will have a long quadruple-thick 1/4
412inch wide strip of aluminum. This should be folded into an L-shape, a J-shape,
413or a U-shape. This is done by folding. The pieces would look like this:
414
415
416 (1)
417
418 _________________________________________________________ v
4191/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
4201/4 |_______________________________________________________| | 1 inch
4211/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
4221/4 |_______________________________________________________| |
423 ^
424
425 Fold along lines to make a single quadruple-thick piece of
426aluminum. This should then be folded to produce an L,J,or U shaped
427device that looks like this:
428 __________________________________________
429 / ________________________________________|
430 | |
431 | | L-shaped
432 | |
433 | |
434 |_|
435
436 _____________________________
437 / ___________________________|
438 | |
439 | | J-shaped
440 | |
441 | |________
442 \________|
443
444 _____________________
445 / ___________________|
446 | |
447 | |
448 | | U-shaped
449 | |
450 | |____________________
451 \____________________|
452
453
454 All of these devices should be used to hook the latch of a door and
455pull the latch out of its hole. The folds in the lockpicks will be between
456the door and the wall, and so the device will not unfold, if it is made
457properly.
458
459
460
461
462
463
4642.2 LIST OF USEFUL HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND THEIR AVAILABILITY
465
466 Anyone can get many chemicals from hardware stores, supermarkets,
467and drug stores to get the materials to make explosives or other dangerous
468compounds. A would-be terrorist would merely need a station wagon and some
469money to acquire many of the chemicals named here.
470
471
472Chemical Used In Available at
473________ _______ ____________
474
475_____________________________________________________________________________
476alcohol, ethyl * alcoholic beverages liquor stores
477 solvents (95% min. for both) hardware stores
478_____________________________________________________________________________
479ammonia + CLEAR household ammonia supermarkets/7-eleven
480_____________________________________________________________________________
481ammonium instant-cold paks, drug stores,
482nitrate fertilizers medical supply stores
483_____________________________________________________________________________
484nitrous oxide pressurizing whip cream party supply stores
485_____________________________________________________________________________
486magnesium firestarters surplus/camping stores
487____________________________________________________________________________
488lecithin vitamins pharmacies/drug stores
489_____________________________________________________________________________
490mineral oil cooking, laxative supermarket/drug stores
491_____________________________________________________________________________
492mercury @ mercury thermometers supermarkets/hardware stores
493_____________________________________________________________________________
494sulfuric acid uncharged car batteries automotive stores
495_____________________________________________________________________________
496glycerine ? pharmacies/drug stores
497_____________________________________________________________________________
498sulfur gardening gardening/hardware store
499_____________________________________________________________________________
500charcoal charcoal grills supermarkets/gardening stores
501_____________________________________________________________________________
502sodium nitrate fertilizer gardening store
503_____________________________________________________________________________
504cellulose (cotton) first aid drug/medical supply stores
505_____________________________________________________________________________
506strontium nitrate road flares surplus/auto stores,
507_____________________________________________________________________________
508fuel oil kerosene stoves surplus/camping stores,
509_____________________________________________________________________________
510bottled gas propane stoves surplus/camping stores,
511_____________________________________________________________________________
512potassium permanganate water purification purification plants
513_____________________________________________________________________________
514hexamine or hexamine stoves surplus/camping stores
515methenamine (camping)
516_____________________________________________________________________________
517nitric acid ^ cleaning printing printing shops
518 plates photography stores
519_____________________________________________________________________________
520iodine & first aid drug stores
521_____________________________________________________________________________
522sodium perchlorate solidox pellets hardware stores
523 for cutting torches
524_____________________________________________________________________________
525
526
527
528
529
530notes: * ethyl alcohol is mixed with methyl alcohol when it is used as a
531 solvent. Methyl alcohol is very poisonous. Solvent alcohol must be
532 at least 95% ethyl alcohol if it is used to make mercury fulminate.
533 Methyl alcohol may prevent mercury fulminate from forming.
534
535
536 + Ammonia, when bought in stores comes in a variety of forms. The
537 pine and cloudy ammonias should not be bought; only the clear
538 ammonia should be used to make ammonium triiodide crystals.
539
540
541 @ Mercury thermometers are becoming a rarity, unfortunately. They
542 may be hard to find in most stores. Mercury is also used in mercury
543 switches, which are available at electronics stores. Mercury is a
544 hazardous substance, and should be kept in the thermometer or
545 mercury switch until used. It gives off mercury vapors which will
546 cause brain damage if inhaled. For this reason, it is a good idea
547 not to spill mercury, and to always use it outdoors. Also, do not
548 get it in an open cut; rubber gloves will help prevent this.
549
550
551 ^ Nitric acid is very difficult to find nowadays. It is usually
552 stolen by bomb makers, or made by the process described in a later
553 section. A desired concentration for making explosives about 70%.
554
555
556 & The iodine sold in drug stores is usually not the pure crystaline
557 form that is desired for producing ammonium triiodide crystals.
558 To obtain the pure form, it must usually be acquired by a doctor's
559 prescription, but this can be expensive. Once again, theft is the
560 means that terrorists result to.
561
562
5632.3 PREPARATION OF CHEMICALS
564
5652.31 NITRIC ACID
566
567
568 There are several ways to make this most essential of all acids for
569 explosives. One method by which it could be made will be presented. Once
570 again, be reminded that these methods SHOULD NOT BE CARRIED OUT!!
571
572 Materials: Equipment:
573 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
574 sodium nitrate or adjustable heat source
575 potassium nitrate
576 retort
577 distilled water
578 ice bath
579 concentrated
580 sulfuric acid stirring rod
581
582 collecting flask with stopper
583
584
5851) Pour 32 milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid into the retort.
586
5872) Carefully weigh out 58 grams of sodium nitrate, or 68 grams of potassium
588nitrate. and add this to the acid slowly. If it all does not dissolve,
589carefully stir the solution with a glass rod until it does.
590
591
592
593
594
595
5963) Place the open end of the retort into the collecting flask, and place the
597 collecting flask in the ice bath.
598
5994) Begin heating the retort, using low heat. Continue heating until liquid
600 begins to come out of the end of the retort. The liquid that forms is nitric
601 acid. Heat until the precipitate in the bottom of the retort is almost dry,
602 or until no more nitric acid is forming. CAUTION: If the acid is headed too
603 strongly, the nitric acid will decompose as soon as it is formed. This
604 can result in the production of highly flammable and toxic gasses that may
605 explode. It is a good idea to set the above apparatus up, and then get
606 away from it.
607
608
609 Potassium nitrate could also be obtained from store-bought black powder,
610simply by dissolving black powder in boiling water and filtering out
611the sulfur and charcoal. To obtain 68 g of potassium nitrate, it would be
612necessary to dissolve about 90 g of black powder in about one litre of
613boiling water. Filter the dissolved solution through filter paper in a funnel
614into a jar until the liquid that pours through is clear. The charcoal and
615sulfur in black powder are insoluble in water, and so when the solution of
616water is allowed to evaporate, potassium nitrate will be left in the jar.
617
618
6192.32 SULFURIC ACID
620
621 Sulfuric acid is far too difficult to make outside of a laboratory or
622industrial plant. However, it is readily available in an uncharged car battery.
623A person wishing to make sulfuric acid would simply remove the top of a car
624battery and pour the acid into a glass container. There would probably be
625pieces of lead from the battery in the acid which would have to be removed,
626either by boiling or filtration. The concentration of the sulfuric acid can
627also be increased by boiling it; very pure sulfuric acid pours slightly faster
628than clean motor oil.
629
630
6312.33 AMMONIUM NITRATE
632
633 Ammonium nitrate is a very powerful but insensitive high-order
634explosive. It could be made very easily by pouring nitric acid into a large
635flask in an ice bath. Then, by simply pouring household ammonia into the flask
636and running away, ammonium nitrate would be formed. After the materials have
637stopped reacting, one would simply have to leave the solution in a warm place
638until all of the water and any unneutralized ammonia or acid have evaporated.
639There would be a fine powder formed, which would be ammonium nitrate. It must
640be kept in an airtight container, because of its tendency to pick up water from
641the air. The crystals formed in the above process would have to be heated VERY
642gently to drive off the remaining water.
643
644
6453.0 EXPLOSIVE RECIPES
646
647 Once again, persons reading this material MUST NEVER ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE
648ANY OF THE EXPLOSIVES DESCRIBED HEREIN. IT IS ILLEGAL AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
649TO ATTEMPT TO DO SO. LOSS OF LIFE AND/OR LIMB COULD EASILY OCCUR AS A RESULT
650OF ATTEMPTING TO PRODUCE EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS.
651
652 These recipes are theoretically correct, meaning that an individual
653could conceivably produce the materials described. The methods here are usually
654scaled-down industrial procedures.
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
6623.01 EXPLOSIVE THEORY
663
664 An explosive is any material that, when ignited by heat or shock,
665undergoes rapid decomposition or oxidation. This process releases energy that
666is stored in the material in the form of heat and light, or by breaking down
667into gaseous compounds that occupy a much larger volume that the original piece
668of material. Because this expansion is very rapid, large volumes of air are
669displaced by the expanding gasses. This expansion occurs at a speed greater
670than the speed of sound, and so a sonic boom occurs. This explains the
671mechanics behind an explosion. Explosives occur in several forms: high-order
672explosives which detonate, low order explosives, which burn, and primers, which
673may do both.
674
675 High order explosives detonate. A detonation occurs only in a high
676order explosive. Detonations are usually incurred by a shockwave that passes
677through a block of the high explosive material. The shockwave breaks apart
678the molecular bonds between the atoms of the substance, at a rate approximately
679equal to the speed of sound traveling through that material. In a high
680explosive, the fuel and oxodizer are chemically bonded, and the shockwave breaks
681apart these bonds, and re-combines the two materials to produce mostly gasses.
682T.N.T., ammonium nitrate, and R.D.X. are examples of high order explosives.
683
684 Low order explosives do not detonate; they burn, or undergo oxidation.
685when heated, the fuel(s) and oxodizer(s) combine to produce heat, light, and
686gaseous products. Some low order materials burn at about the same speed under
687pressure as they do in the open, such as blackpowder. Others, such as gunpowder,
688which is correctly called nitrocellulose, burn much faster and hotter when they
689are in a confined space, such as the barrel of a firearm; they usually burn
690much slower than blackpowder when they are ignited in unpressurized conditions.
691Black powder, nitrocellulose, and flash powder are good examples of low order
692explosives.
693
694 Primers are peculiarities to the explosive field. Some of them, such as
695mercury filminate, will function as a low or high order explosive. They are
696usually more sensitive to friction, heat, or shock, than the high or low
697explosives. Most primers perform like a high order explosive, except that they
698are much more sensitive. Still others merely burn, but when they are confined,
699they burn at a great rate and with a large expansion of gasses and a shockwave.
700Primers are usually used in a small amount to initiate, or cause to decompose,
701a high order explosive, as in an artillery shell. But, they are also frequently
702used to ignite a low order explosive; the gunpowder in a bullet is ignited by
703the detonation of its primer.
704
705
7063.1 IMPACT EXPLOSIVES
707
708 Impact explosives are often used as primers. Of the ones discussed
709here, only mercury fulminate and nitroglycerine are real explosives; Ammonium
710triiodide crystals decompose upon impact, but they release little heat and no
711light. Impact explosives are always treated with the greatest care, and even
712the stupidest anarchist never stores them near any high or low explosives.
713
714
7153.11 AMMONIUM TRIIODIDE CRYSTALS
716
717 Ammonium triiodide crystals are foul-smelling purple colored crystals
718that decompose under the slightest amount of heat, friction, or shock, if they
719are made with the purest ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) and iodine. Such
720crystals are said to detonate when a fly lands on them, or when an ant walks
721across them. Household ammonia, however, has enough impurities, such as soaps
722and abrasive agents, so that the crystals will detonate when thrown,crushed, or
723
724
725
726
727
728heated. Upon detonation, a loud report is heard, and a cloud of purple iodine
729gas appears about the detonation site. Whatever the unfortunate surface that
730the crystal was detonated upon will usually be ruined, as some of the iodine
731in the crystal is thrown about in a solid form, and iodine is corrosive. It
732leaves nasty, ugly, permanent brownish-purple stains on whatever it contacts.
733Iodine gas is also bad news, since it can damage lungs, and it settles to the
734ground and stains things there also. Touching iodine leaves brown stains on
735the skin that last for about a week, unless they are immediately and vigorously
736washed off. While such a compound would have little use to a serious terrorist,
737a vandal could utilize them in damaging property. Or, a terrorist could throw
738several of them into a crowd as a distraction, an action which would possibly
739injure a few people, but frighten almost anyone, since a small crystal that
740not be seen when thrown produces a rather loud explosion. Ammonium triiodide
741crystals could be produced in the following manner:
742
743 Materials Equipment
744 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
745
746 iodine crystals funnel and filter paper
747
748 paper towels
749 clear ammonia
750 (ammonium hydroxide, two throw-away glass jars
751 for the suicidal)
752
753
7541) Place about two teaspoons of iodine into one of the glass jars. The jars
755 must both be throw away because they will never be clean again.
756
7572) Add enough ammonia to completely cover the iodine.
758
7593) Place the funnel into the other jar, and put the filter paper in the funnel.
760 The technique for putting filter paper in a funnel is taught in every basic
761 chemistry lab class: fold the circular paper in half, so that a semi-circle
762 is formed. Then, fold it in half again to form a triangle with one curved
763 side. Pull one thickness of paper out to form a cone, and place the cone
764 into the funnel.
765
7664) After allowing the iodine to soak in the ammonia for a while, pour the
767 solution into the paper in the funnel through the filter paper.
768
7695) While the solution is being filtered, put more ammonia into the first jar
770 to wash any remaining crystals into the funnel as soon as it drains.
771
7726) Collect all the purplish crystals without touching the brown filter paper,
773 and place them on the paper towels to dry for about an hour. Make sure that
774 they are not too close to any lights or other sources of heat, as they could
775 well detonate. While they are still wet, divide the wet material into about
776 eight chunks.
777
7787) After they dry, gently place the crystals onto a one square inch piece of
779 duct tape. Cover it with a similar piece, and gently press the duct tape
780 together around the crystal, making sure not to press the crystal itself.
781 Finally, cut away most of the excess duct tape with a pair of scissors, and
782 store the crystals in a cool dry safe place. They have a shelf life of
783 about a week, and they should be stored in individual containers that can be
784 thrown away, since they have a tendency to slowly decompose, a process which
785 gives off iodine vapors, which will stain whatever they settle on. One
786 possible way to increase their shelf life is to store them in airtight
787 containers. To use them, simply throw them against any surface or place them
788 where they will be stepped on or crushed.
789
790
791
792
793
794
7953.12 MERCURY FULMINATE
796
797
798 Mercury fulminate is perhaps one of the oldest known initiating
799compounds. It can be detonated by either heat or shock, which would make it
800of infinite value to a terrorist. Even the action of dropping a crystal of
801the fulminate causes it to explode. A person making this material would
802probably use the following procedure:
803
804
805
806 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
807 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
808
809 mercury (5 g) glass stirring rod
810
811 concentrated nitric 100 ml beaker (2)
812 acid (35 ml)
813 adjustable heat
814 ethyl alcohol (30 ml) source
815
816 distilled water blue litmus paper
817
818 funnel and filter paper
819
820
821
8221) In one beaker, mix 5 g of mercury with 35 ml of concentrated nitric acid,
823 using the glass rod.
824
8252) Slowly heat the mixture until the mercury is dissolved, which is when the
826 solution turns green and boils.
827
8283) Place 30 ml of ethyl alcohol into the second beaker, and slowly and carefully
829 add all of the contents of the first beaker to it. Red and/or brown fumes
830 should appear. These fumes are toxic and flammable.
831
8324) After thirty to forty minutes, the fumes should turn white, indicating that
833 the reaction is near completion. After ten more minutes, add 30 ml of the
834 distilled water to the solution.
835
8365) Carefully filter out the crystals of mercury fulminate from the liquid
837 solution. Dispose of the solution in a safe place, as it is corrosive
838 and toxic.
839
8406) Wash the crystals several times in distilled water to remove as much excess
841 acid as possible. Test the crystals with the litmus paper until they are
842 neutral. This will be when the litmus paper stays blue when it touches the
843 wet crystals
844
8457) Allow the crystals to dry, and store them in a safe place, far away from
846 any explosive or flammable material.
847
848
849 This procedure can also be done by volume, if the available mercury
850 cannot be weighed. Simply use 10 volumes of nitric acid and 10 volumes of
851 ethanol to every one volume of mercury.
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
8603.13 NITROGLYCERINE
861
862 Nitroglycerine is one of the most sensitive explosives, if it is not
863the most sensitive. Although it is possible to make it safely, it is difficult.
864Many a young anarchist has been killed or seriously injured while trying to
865make the stuff. When Nobel's factories make it, many people were killed by the
866all-to-frequent factory explosions. Usually, as soon as it is made, it is
867converted into a safer substance, such as dynamite. An idiot who attempts
868to make nitroglycerine would use the following procedure:
869
870
871 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT
872 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
873
874 distilled water eye-dropper
875
876 table salt 100 ml beaker
877
878 sodium bicarbonate 200-300 ml beakers (2)
879
880 concentrated nitric ice bath container
881 acid (13 ml) ( a plastic bucket serves well )
882
883 concentrated sulfuric centigrade thermometer
884 acid (39 ml)
885 blue litmus paper
886 glycerine
887
888
8891) Place 150 ml of distilled water into one of the 200-300 ml beakers.
890
8912) In the other 200-300 ml beaker, place 150 ml of distilled water and about
892 a spoonful of sodium bicarbonate, and stir them until the sodium bicarbonate
893 dissolves. Do not put so much sodium bicarbonate in the water so that some
894 remains undissolved.
895
8963) Create an ice bath by half filling the ice bath container with ice, and
897 adding table salt. This will cause the ice to melt, lowering the overall
898 temperature.
899
9004) Place the 100 ml beaker into the ice bath, and pour the 13 ml of concentrated
901 nitric acid into the 100 ml beaker. Be sure that the beaker will not spill
902 into the ice bath, and that the ice bath will not overflow into the beaker
903 when more materials are added to it. Be sure to have a large enough ice bath
904 container to add more ice. Bring the temperature of the acid down to about 20
905 degrees centigrade or less.
906
9075) When the nitric acid is as cold as stated above, slowly and carefully add the
908 39 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to the nitric acid. Mix the two acids
909 together, and cool the mixed acids to 10 degrees centigrade. It is a good
910 idea to start another ice bath to do this.
911
9126) With the eyedropper, slowly put the glycerine into the mixed acids, one drop
913 at a time. Hold the thermometer along the top of the mixture where the mixed
914 acids and glycerine meet. DO NOT ALLOW THE TEMPERATURE TO GET ABOVE 30
915 DEGREES CENTIGRADE; IF THE TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE THIS TEMPERATURE, RUN
916 LIKE HELL!!! The glycerine will start to nitrate immediately, and the
917 temperature will immediately begin to rise. Add glycerine until there is a
918 thin layer of glycerine on top of the mixed acids. It is always safest to
919 make any explosive in small quantities.
920
921
922
923
924
925
9267) Stir the mixed acids and glycerine for the first ten minutes of nitration,
927 adding ice and salt to the ice bath to keep the temperature of the solution
928 in the 100 ml beaker well below 30 degrees centigrade. Usually, the
929 nitroglycerine will form on the top of the mixed acid solution, and the
930 concentrated sulfuric acid will absorb the water produced by the reaction.
931
9328) When the reaction is over, and when the nitroglycerine is well below 30
933 degrees centigrade, slowly and carefully pour the solution of nitroglycerine
934 and mixed acid into the distilled water in the beaker in step 1. The
935 nitroglycerine should settle to the bottom of the beaker, and the water-acid
936 solution on top can be poured off and disposed of. Drain as much of the
937 acid-water solution as possible without disturbing the nitroglycerine.
938
9399) Carefully remove the nitroglycerine with a clean eye-dropper, and place it
940 into the beaker in step 2. The sodium bicarbonate solution will eliminate
941 much of the acid, which will make the nitroglycerine more stable, and less
942 likely to explode for no reason, which it can do. Test the nitroglycerine
943 with the litmus paper until the litmus stays blue. Repeat this step if
944 necessary, and use new sodium bicarbonate solutions as in step 2.
945
94610) When the nitroglycerine is as acid-free as possible, store it in a clean
947 container in a safe place. The best place to store nitroglycerine is
948 far away from anything living, or from anything of any value.
949 Nitroglycerine can explode for no apparent reason, even if it is stored
950 in a secure cool place.
951
952
9533.14 PICRATES
954
955 Although the procedure for the production of picric acid, or
956trinitrophenol has not yet been given, its salts are described first, since they
957are extremely sensitive, and detonate on impact. By mixing picric acid with
958metal hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, and evaporating the
959water, metal picrates can be formed. Simply obtain picric acid, or produce it,
960and mix it with a solution of (preferably) potassium hydroxide, of a mid range
961molarity. (about 6-9 M) This material, potassium picrate, is impact-sensitive,
962and can be used as an initiator for any type of high explosive.
963
9643.2 LOW-ORDER EXPLOSIVES
965
966 There are many low-order explosives that can be purchased in gun
967stores and used in explosive devices. However, it is possible that a wise
968wise store owner would not sell these substances to a suspicious-looking
969individual. Such an individual would then be forced to resort to making
970his own low-order explosives.
971
972
9733.21 BLACK POWDER
974
975
976 First made by the Chinese for use in fireworks, black powder was first
977used in weapons and explosives in the 12th century. It is very simple to make,
978but it is not very powerful or safe. Only about 50% of black powder is
979converted to hot gasses when it is burned; the other half is mostly very fine
980burned particles. Black powder has one major problem: it can be ignited by
981static electricity. This is very bad, and it means that the material must be
982made with wooden or clay tools. Anyway, a misguided individual could
983manufacture black powder at home with the following procedure:
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
993 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
994 potassium clay grinding bowl
995 nitrate (75 g) and clay grinder
996
997 or or
998
999 sodium wooden salad bowl
1000 nitrate (75 g) and wooden spoon
1001
1002 sulfur (10 g) plastic bags (3)
1003
1004 charcoal (15 g) 300-500 ml beaker (1)
1005
1006 distilled water coffee pot or heat source
1007
1008
10091) Place a small amount of the potassium or sodium nitrate in the grinding bowl
1010 and grind it to a very fine powder. Do this to all of the potassium or
1011 sodium nitrate, and store the ground powder in one of the plastic bags.
1012
10132) Do the same thing to the sulfur and charcoal, storing each chemical in a
1014 separate plastic bag.
1015
10163) Place all of the finely ground potassium or sodium nitrate in the beaker, and
1017 add just enough boiling water to the chemical to get it all wet.
1018
10194) Add the contents of the other plastic bags to the wet potassium or sodium
1020 nitrate, and mix them well for several minutes. Do this until there is no
1021 more visible sulfur or charcoal, or until the mixture is universally black.
1022
10235) On a warm sunny day, put the beaker outside in the direct sunlight. Sunlight
1024 is really the best way to dry black powder, since it is never too hot, but it
1025 is hot enough to evaporate the water.
1026
10276) Scrape the black powder out of the beaker, and store it in a safe container.
1028 Plastic is really the safest container, followed by paper. Never store black
1029 powder in a plastic bag, since plastic bags are prone to generate static
1030 electricity.
1031
1032
10333.22 NITROCELLULOSE
1034
1035 Nitrocellulose is usually called "gunpowder" or "guncotton". It is more
1036stable than black powder, and it produces a much greater volume of hot gas. It
1037also burns much faster than black powder when it is in a confined space.
1038Finally, nitrocellulose is fairly easy to make, as outlined by the following
1039procedure:
1040
1041
1042 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1043 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1044 cotton (cellulose) two (2) 200-300 ml beakers
1045
1046 concentrated funnel and filter paper
1047 nitric acid
1048 blue litmus paper
1049 concentrated
1050 sulfuric acid
1051
1052 distilled water
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
10581) Pour 10 cc of concentrated sulfuric acid into the beaker. Add to this
1059 10 cc of concentrated nitric acid.
1060
10612) Immediately add 0.5 gm of cotton, and allow it to soak for exactly 3
1062 minutes.
1063
10643) Remove the nitrocotton, and transfer it to a beaker of distilled water
1065 to wash it in.
1066
10674) Allow the material to dry, and then re-wash it.
1068
10695) After the cotton is neutral when tested with litmus paper, it is ready to
1070 be dried and stored.
1071
1072
10733.23 FUEL-OXODIZER MIXTURES
1074
1075 There are nearly an infinite number of fuel-oxodizer mixtures that can
1076be produced by a misguided individual in his own home. Some are very effective
1077and dangerous, while others are safer and less effective. A list of working
1078fuel-oxodizer mixtures will be presented, but the exact measurements of each
1079compound are debatable for maximum effectiveness. A rough estimate will be
1080given of the percentages of each fuel and oxodizer:
1081
1082
1083
1084 oxodizer, % by weight fuel, % by weight speed # notes
1085================================================================================
1086 potassium chlorate 67% sulfur 33% 5 friction/impact
1087 sensitive; unstable
1088ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1089 potassium chlorate 50% sugar 35% 5 fairly slow burning;
1090 charcoal 15% unstable
1091ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1092 potassium chlorate 50% sulfur 25% 8 extremely
1093 magnesium or unstable!
1094 aluminum dust 25%
1095ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1096 potassium chlorate 67% magnesium or 8 unstable
1097 aluminum dust 33%
1098ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1099 sodium nitrate 65% magnesium dust 30% ? unpredictable
1100 sulfur 5% burn rate
1101ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1102 potassium permanganate 60% glycerine 40% 4 delay before
1103 ignition depends
1104 WARNING: IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY WITH GLYCERINE!!! upon grain size
1105ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1106 potassium permanganate 67% sulfur 33% 5 unstable
1107ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1108 potassium permangenate 60% sulfur 20% 5 unstable
1109 magnesium or
1110 aluminum dust 20%
1111ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1112 potassium permanganate 50% sugar 50% 3 ?
1113ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1114 potassium nitrate 75% charcoal 15% 7 this is
1115 sulfur 10% black powder!
1116ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1117 potassium nitrate 60% powdered iron 1 burns very hot
1118 or magnesium 40%
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124 oxidizer, % by weight fuel, % by weight speed # notes
1125================================================================================
1126 potassium chlorate 75% phosphorus 8 used to make strike-
1127 sesquisulfide 25% anywhere matches
1128ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1129 ammonium perchlorate 70% aluminum dust 30% 6 solid fuel for
1130 and small amount of space shuttle
1131 iron oxide
1132ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1133 potassium perchlorate 67% magnesium or 10 flash powder
1134(sodium perchlorate) aluminum dust 33%
1135ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1136 potassium perchlorate 60% magnesium or 8 alternate
1137(sodium perchlorate) aluminum dust 20% flash powder
1138 sulfur 20%
1139ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1140 barium nitrate 30% aluminum dust 30% 9 alternate
1141 potassium perchlorate 30% flash powder
1142ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1143 barium peroxide 90% magnesium dust 5% 10 alternate
1144 aluminum dust 5% flash powder
1145ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1146 potassium perchlorate 50% sulfur 25% 8 slightly
1147 magnesium or unstable
1148 aluminum dust 25%
1149ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1150 potassium chlorate 67% red phosphorus 27% 7 very unstable
1151 calcium carbonate 3% sulfur 3% impact sensitive
1152ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1153 potassium permanganate 50% powdered sugar 25% 7 unstable;
1154 aluminum or ignites if
1155 magnesium dust 25% it gets wet!
1156ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1157 potassium chlorate 75% charcoal dust 15% 6 unstable
1158 sulfur 10%
1159================================================================================
1160
1161NOTE: Mixtures that uses substitutions of sodium perchlorate for potassium
1162 perchlorate become moisture-absorbent and less stable.
1163
1164 The higher the speed number, the faster the fuel-oxodizer mixture burns
1165AFTER ignition. Also, as a rule, the finer the powder, the faster the rate of
1166burning.
1167
1168 As one can easily see, there is a wide variety of fuel-oxodizer mixtures
1169that can be made at home. By altering the amounts of fuel and oxodizer(s),
1170different burn rates can be achieved, but this also can change the sensitivity
1171of the mixture.
1172
1173
11743.24 PERCHLORATES
1175
1176 As a rule, any oxidizable material that is treated with perchloric acid
1177will become a low order explosive. Metals, however, such as potassium or
1178sodium, become excellent bases for flash-type powders. Some materials that can
1179be perchlorated are cotton, paper, and sawdust. To produce potassium or sodium
1180perchlorate, simply acquire the hydroxide of that metal, e.g. sodium or
1181potassium hydroxide. It is a good idea to test the material to be perchlorated
1182with a very small amount of acid, since some of the materials tend to react
1183explosively when contacted by the acid. Solutions of sodium or potassium
1184hydroxide are ideal.
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
11903.3 HIGH-ORDER EXPLOSIVES
1191
1192 High order explosives can be made in the home without too much
1193difficulty. The main problem is acquiring the nitric acid to produce the high
1194explosive. Most high explosives detonate because their molecular structure is
1195made up of some fuel and usually three or more NO2 ( nitrogen dioxide )
1196molecules. T.N.T., or Tri-Nitro-Toluene is an excellent example of such a
1197material. When a shock wave passes through an molecule of T.N.T., the
1198nitrogen dioxide bond is broken, and the oxygen combines with the fuel, all in
1199a matter of microseconds. This accounts for the great power of nitrogen-based
1200explosives. Remembering that these procedures are NEVER TO BE CARRIED OUT,
1201several methods of manufacturing high-order explosives in the home are listed.
1202
1203
1204
12053.31 R.D.X.
1206
1207 R.D.X., also called cyclonite, or composition C-1 (when mixed with
1208plasticisers) is one of the most valuable of all military explosives. This is
1209because it has more than 150% of the power of T.N.T., and is much easier to
1210detonate. It should not be used alone, since it can be set off by a not-too
1211severe shock. It is less sensitive than mercury fulminate, or nitroglycerine,
1212but it is still too sensitive to be used alone. R.D.X. can be made by the
1213surprisingly simple method outlined hereafter. It is much easier to make in the
1214home than all other high explosives, with the possible exception of ammonium
1215nitrate.
1216
1217
1218 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1219 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1220
1221 hexamine 500 ml beaker
1222 or
1223 methenamine glass stirring rod
1224 fuel tablets (50 g)
1225 funnel and filter paper
1226 concentrated
1227 nitric acid (550 ml) ice bath container
1228 (plastic bucket)
1229 distilled water
1230 centigrade thermometer
1231 table salt
1232 blue litmus paper
1233 ice
1234
1235 ammonium nitrate
1236
12371) Place the beaker in the ice bath, (see section 3.13, steps 3-4) and carefully
1238 pour 550 ml of concentrated nitric acid into the beaker.
1239
12402) When the acid has cooled to below 20 degrees centigrade, add small amounts of
1241 the crushed fuel tablets to the beaker. The temperature will rise, and it
1242 must be kept below 30 degrees centigrade, or dire consequences could result.
1243 Stir the mixture.
1244
12453) Drop the temperature below zero degrees centigrade, either by adding more ice
1246 and salt to the old ice bath, or by creating a new ice bath. Or, ammonium
1247 nitrate could be added to the old ice bath, since it becomes cold when it is
1248 put in water. Continue stirring the mixture, keeping the temperature below
1249 zero degrees centigrade for at least twenty minutes
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
12564) Pour the mixture into a litre of crushed ice. Shake and stir the mixture,
1257 and allow it to melt. Once it has melted, filter out the crystals, and
1258 dispose of the corrosive liquid.
1259
12605) Place the crystals into one half a litre of boiling distilled water. Filter
1261 the crystals, and test them with the blue litmus paper. Repeat steps 4 and 5
1262 until the litmus paper remains blue. This will make the crystals more stable
1263 and safe.
1264
12656) Store the crystals wet until ready for use. Allow them to dry completely
1266 using them. R.D.X. is not stable enough to use alone as an explosive.
1267
12687) Composition C-1 can be made by mixing 88.3% R.D.X. (by weight) with 11.1%
1269 mineral oil, and 0.6% lecithin. Kneed these material together in a plastic
1270 bag. This is a good way to desensitize the explosive.
1271
12728) H.M.X. is a mixture of T.N.T. and R.D.X.; the ratio is 50/50, by weight.
1273 it is not as sensitive, and is almost as powerful as straight R.D.X.
1274
12759) By adding ammonium nitrate to the crystals of R.D.X. after step 5, it should
1276 be possible to desensitize the R.D.X. and increase its power, since ammonium
1277 nitrate is very insensitive and powerful. Soduim or potassium nitrate could
1278 also be added; a small quantity is sufficient to stabilize the R.D.X.
1279
128010) R.D.X. detonates at a rate of 8550 meters/second when it is compressed to a
1281 density of 1.55 g/cubic cm.
1282
1283
12843.32 AMMONIUM NITRATE
1285
1286 Ammonium nitrate could be made by a terrorist according to the hap-
1287hazard method in section 2.33, or it could be stolen from a construction site,
1288since it is usually used in blasting, because it is very stable and insensitive
1289to shock and heat. A terrorist could also buy several Instant Cold-Paks from a
1290drug store or medical supply store. The major disadvantage with ammonium
1291nitrate, from a terrorist's point of view, would be detonating it. A rather
1292powerful priming charge must be used, and usually with a booster charge. The
1293diagram below will explain.
1294
1295 _________________________________________
1296 | | |
1297 ________| | |
1298 | | T.N.T.| ammonium nitrate |
1299 |primer |booster| |
1300 |_______| | |
1301 | | |
1302 |_______|_______________________________|
1303
1304 The primer explodes, detonating the T.N.T., which detonates, sending
1305 a tremendous shockwave through the ammonium nitrate, detonating it.
1306
1307
13083.33 ANFOS
1309
1310 ANFO is an acronym for Ammonium Nitrate - Fuel Oil Solution. An ANFO
1311solves the only other major problem with ammonium nitrate: its tendency to pick
1312up water vapor from the air. This results in the explosive failing to detonate
1313when such an attempt is made. This is rectified by mixing 94% (by weight)
1314ammonium nitrate with 6% fuel oil, or kerosene. The kerosene keeps the ammonium
1315nitrate from absorbing moisture from the air. An ANFO also requires a large
1316shockwave to set it off.
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
13223.34 T.N.T.
1323
1324
1325 T.N.T., or Tri-Nitro-Toluene, is perhaps the second oldest known high
1326explosive. Dynamite, of course, was the first. It is certainly the best known
1327high explosive, since it has been popularized by early morning cartoons. It
1328is the standard for comparing other explosives to, since it is the most well
1329known. In industry, a T.N.T. is made by a three step nitration process that is
1330designed to conserve the nitric and sulfuric acids which are used to make the
1331product. A terrorist, however, would probably opt for the less economical one
1332step method. The one step process is performed by treating toluene with very
1333strong (fuming) sulfuric acid. Then, the sulfated toluene is treated with very
1334strong (fuming) nitric acid in an ice bath. Cold water is added the solution,
1335and it is filtered.
1336
1337
1338
13393.35 POTASSIUM CHLORATE
1340
1341
1342 Potassium chlorate itself cannot be made in the home, but it can be
1343obtained from labs. If potassium chlorate is mixed with a small amount of
1344vaseline, or other petroleum jelly, and a shockwave is passed through it, the
1345material will detonate with slightly more power than black powder. It must,
1346however, be confined to detonate it in this manner. The procedure for making
1347such an explosive is outlined below:
1348
1349
1350
1351 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1352 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1353
1354
1355 potassium chlorate zip-lock plastic bag
1356 (9 parts, by volume)
1357
1358 petroleum jelly clay grinding bowl
1359 (vaseline) or
1360 (1 part, by volume) wooden bowl and wooden spoon
1361
1362
1363
13641) Grind the potassium chlorate in the grinding bowl carefully and slowly,
1365 until the potassium chlorate is a very fine powder. The finer that it is
1366 powdered, the faster (better) it will detonate.
1367
13682) Place the powder into the plastic bag. Put the petroleum jelly into the
1369 plastic bag, getting as little on the sides of the bag as possible, i.e.
1370 put the vaseline on the potassium chlorate powder.
1371
13723) Close the bag, and kneed the materials together until none of the potassium
1373 chlorate is dry powder that does not stick to the main glob. If necessary,
1374 add a bit more petroleum jelly to the bag.
1375
13764) The material must me used within 24 hours, or the mixture will react to
1377 greatly reduce the effectiveness of the explosive. This reaction, however,
1378 is harmless, and releases no heat or dangerous products.
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
13883.36 DYNAMITE
1389
1390 The name dynamite comes from the Greek word "dynamis", meaning power.
1391Dynamite was invented by Nobel shortly after he made nitroglycerine. It was
1392made because nitroglycerine was so dangerously sensitive to shock. A misguided
1393individual with some sanity would, after making nitroglycerine (an insane act)
1394would immediately convert it to dynamite. This can be done by adding various
1395materials to the nitroglycerine, such as sawdust. The sawdust holds a large
1396weight of nitroglycerine per volume. Other materials, such as ammonium nitrate
1397could be added, and they would tend to desensitize the explosive, and increase
1398the power. But even these nitroglycerine compounds are not really safe.
1399
1400
1401
14023.37 NITROSTARCH EXPLOSIVES
1403
1404
1405 Nitrostarch explosives are simple to make, and are fairly powerful. All
1406that need be done is treat various starches with a mixture of concentrated nitric
1407and sulfuric acids. 10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to 10 ml of
1408concentrated nitric acid. To this mixture is added 0.5 grams of starch. Cold
1409water is added, and the apparently unchanged nitrostarch is filtered out.
1410Nitrostarch explosives are of slightly lower power than T.N.T., but they are
1411more readily detonated.
1412
1413
1414
14153.38 PICRIC ACID
1416
1417
1418 Picric acid, also known as Tri-Nitro-Phenol, or T.N.P., is a military
1419explosive that is most often used as a booster charge to set off another less
1420sensitive explosive, such as T.N.T. It another explosive that is fairly simple
1421to make, assuming that one can acquire the concentrated sulfuric and nitric
1422acids. Its procedure for manufacture is given in many college chemistry lab
1423manuals, and is easy to follow. The main problem with picric acid is its
1424tendency to form dangerously sensitive and unstable picrate salts, such as
1425potassium picrate. For this reason, it is usually made into a safer form, such
1426as ammonium picrate, also called explosive D. A social deviant would probably
1427use a formula similar to the one presented here to make picric acid.
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1433 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1434
1435 phenol (9.5 g) 500 ml flask
1436
1437 concentrated adjustable heat source
1438 sulfuric acid (12.5 ml)
1439 1000 ml beaker
1440 concentrated nitric or other container
1441 acid (38 ml) suitable for boiling in
1442
1443 distilled water filter paper
1444 and funnel
1445
1446 glass stirring rod
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
14541) Place 9.5 grams of phenol into the 500 ml flask, and carefully add 12.5
1455 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and stir the mixture.
1456
14572) Put 400 ml of tap water into the 1000 ml beaker or boiling container and
1458 bring the water to a gentle boil.
1459
14603) After warming the 500 ml flask under hot tap water, place it in the boiling
1461 water, and continue to stir the mixture of phenol and acid for about thirty
1462 minutes. After thirty minutes, take the flask out, and allow it to cool for
1463 about five minutes.
1464
14654) Pour out the boiling water used above, and after allowing the container to
1466 cool, use it to create an ice bath, similar to the one used in section 3.13,
1467 steps 3-4. Place the 500 ml flask with the mixed acid an phenol in the ice
1468 bath. Add 38 ml of concentrated nitric acid in small amounts, stirring the
1469 mixture constantly. A vigorous but "harmless" reaction should occur. When
1470 the mixture stops reacting vigorously, take the flask out of the ice bath.
1471
14725) Warm the ice bath container, if it is glass, and then begin boiling more tap
1473 water. Place the flask containing the mixture in the boiling water, and heat
1474 it in the boiling water for 1.5 to 2 hours.
1475
14766) Add 100 ml of cold distilled water to the solution, and chill it in an ice
1477 bath until it is cold.
1478
14797) Filter out the yellowish-white picric acid crystals by pouring the solution
1480 through the filter paper in the funnel. Collect the liquid and dispose of it
1481 in a safe place, since it is corrosive.
1482
14838) Wash out the 500 ml flask with distilled water, and put the contents of the
1484 filter paper in the flask. Add 300 ml of water, and shake vigorously.
1485
14869) Re-filter the crystals, and allow them to dry.
1487
148810) Store the crystals in a safe place in a glass container, since they will
1489 react with metal containers to produce picrates that could explode
1490 spontaneously.
1491
1492
14933.39 AMMONIUM PICRATE
1494
1495
1496 Ammonium picrate, also called Explosive D, is another safety explosive.
1497It requires a substantial shock to cause it to detonate, slightly less than that
1498required to detonate ammonium nitrate. It is much safer than picric acid, since
1499it has little tendency to form hazardous unstable salts when placed in metal
1500containers. It is simple to make from picric acid and clear household ammonia.
1501All that need be done is put the picric acid crystals into a glass container and
1502dissolve them in a great quantity of hot water. Add clear household ammonia in
1503excess, and allow the excess ammonia to evaporate. The powder remaining should
1504be ammonium picrate.
1505
1506
15073.40 NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE
1508
1509
1510 Nitrogen trichloride, also known as chloride of azode, is an oily yellow
1511liquid. It explodes violently when it is heated above 60 degrees celsius, or
1512when it comes in contact with an open flame or spark. It is fairly simple to
1513produce.
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
15201) In a beaker, dissolve about 5 teaspoons of ammonium nitrate in water.
1521 Do not put so much ammonium nitrate into the solution that some of it
1522 remains undissolved in the bottom of the beaker.
1523
15242) Collect a quantity of chlorine gas in a second beaker by mixing hydrochloric
1525 acid with potassium permanganate in a large flask with a stopper and glass
1526 pipe.
1527
15283) Place the beaker containing the chlorine gas upside down on top of the
1529 beaker containing the ammonium nitrate solution, and tape the beakers
1530 together. Gently heat the bottom beaker. When this is done, oily yellow
1531 droplets will begin to form on the surface of the solution, and sink down
1532 to the bottom. At this time, remove the heat source immediately.
1533
1534 Alternately, the chlorine can be bubbled through the ammonium nitrate
1535 solution, rather than collecting the gas in a beaker, but this requires
1536 timing and a stand to hold the beaker and test tube.
1537
1538 The chlorine gas can also be mixed with anhydrous ammonia gas, by gently
1539 heating a flask filled with clear household ammonia. Place the glass tubes
1540 from the chlorine-generating flask and the tube from the ammonia-generating
1541 flask in another flask that contains water.
1542
15434) Collect the yellow droplets with an eyedropper, and use them immediately,
1544 since nitrogen trichloride decomposes in 24 hours.
1545
1546
15473.41 LEAD AZIDE
1548
1549 Lead Azide is a material that is often used as a booster charge for
1550other explosive, but it does well enough on its own as a fairly sensitive
1551explosive. It does not detonate too easily by percussion or impact, but it
1552is easily detonated by heat from an igniter wire, or a blasting cap. It is
1553simple to produce, assuming that the necessary chemicals can be procured.
1554
1555 By dissolving sodium azide and lead acetate in water in separate
1556beakers, the two materials are put into an aqueous state. Mix the two beakers
1557together, and apply a gentle heat. Add an excess of the lead acetate
1558solution, until no reaction occurs, and the precipitate on the bottom of the
1559beaker stops forming. Filter off the solution, and wash the precipitate in
1560hot water. The precipitate is lead azide, and it must be stored wet for safety.
1561If lead acetate cannot be found, simply acquire acetic acid, and put lead
1562metal in it. Black powder bullets work well for this purpose.
1563
1564
15653.5 OTHER "EXPLOSIVES"
1566
1567 The remaining section covers the other types of materials that can
1568be used to destroy property by fire. Although none of the materials
1569presented here are explosives, they still produce explosive-style results.
1570
15713.51 THERMIT
1572
1573 Thermit is a fuel-oxodizer mixture that is used to generate tremendous
1574amounts of heat. It was not presented in section 3.23 because it does not react
1575nearly as readily. It is a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum, both finely
1576powdered. When it is ignited, the aluminum burns, and extracts the oxygen from
1577the iron oxide. This is really two very exothermic reactions that produce a
1578combined temperature of about 2200 degrees C. This is half the heat produced by
1579an atomic weapon. It is difficult to ignite, however, but when it is ignited,
1580it is one of the most effective firestarters around.
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586 MATERIALS
1587 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1588
1589 powdered aluminum (10 g)
1590
1591 powdered iron oxide (10 g)
1592
1593
15941) There is no special procedure or equipment required to make thermit. Simply
1595 mix the two powders together, and try to make the mixture as homogenous as
1596 possible. The ratio of iron oxide to aluminum is 50% / 50% by weight, and
1597 be made in greater or lesser amounts.
1598
15992) Ignition of thermite can be accomplished by adding a small amount of
1600 potassium chlorate to the thermit, and pouring a few drops of sulfuric acid
1601 on it. This method and others will be discussed later in section 4.33. The
1602 other method of igniting thermit is with a magnesium strip. Finally, by
1603 using common sparkler-type fireworks placed in the thermit, the mixture
1604 can be ignited.
1605
1606
16073.52 MOLOTOV COCKTAILS
1608
1609
1610 First used by Russians against German tanks, the Molotov cocktail is now
1611exclusively used by terrorists worldwide. They are extremely simple to make, and
1612can produce devastating results. By taking any highly flammable material, such
1613as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, ethyl or methyl alcohol, lighter fluid,
1614turpentine, or any mixture of the above, and putting it into a large glass
1615bottle, anyone can make an effective firebomb. After putting the flammable
1616liquid in the bottle, simply put a piece of cloth that is soaked in the liquid
1617in the top of the bottle so that it fits tightly. Then, wrap some of the cloth
1618around the neck and tie it, but be sure to leave a few inches of lose cloth to
1619light. Light the exposed cloth, and throw the bottle. If the burning cloth
1620does not go out, and if the bottle breaks on impact, the contents of the bottle
1621will spatter over a large area near the site of impact, and burst into flame.
1622Flammable mixtures such as kerosene and motor oil should be mixed with a more
1623volatile and flammable liquid, such as gasoline, to insure ignition. A mixture
1624such as tar or grease and gasoline will stick to the surface that it strikes,
1625and burn hotter, and be more difficult to extinguish. A mixture such as this
1626must be shaken well before it is lit and thrown
1627
1628
1629
16303.53 CHEMICAL FIRE BOTTLE
1631
1632 The chemical fire bottle is really an advanced molotov cocktail. Rather
1633than using the burning cloth to ignite the flammable liquid, which has at best
1634a fair chance of igniting the liquid, the chemical fire bottle utilizes the very
1635hot and violent reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium chlorate. When the
1636container breaks, the sulfuric acid in the mixture of gasoline sprays onto the
1637paper soaked in potassium chlorate and sugar. The paper, when struck by the
1638acid, instantly bursts into a white flame, igniting the gasoline. The chance
1639of failure to ignite the gasoline is less than 2%, and can be reduced to 0%, if
1640there is enough potassium chlorate and sugar to spare.
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT
1653 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
1654
1655 potassium chlorate glass bottle
1656 (2 teaspoons) (12 oz.)
1657
1658 sugar (2 teaspoons) cap for bottle,
1659 with plastic inside
1660
1661 concentrated cooking pan with raised
1662 sulfuric acid (4 oz.) edges
1663
1664 gasoline (8 oz.) paper towels
1665
1666 glass or plastic cup
1667 and spoon
1668
1669
1670
16711) Test the cap of the bottle with a few drops of sulfuric acid to make sure
1672 that the acid will not eat away the bottle cap during storage. If the
1673 acid eats through it in 24 hours, a new top must be found and tested, until
1674 a cap that the acid does not eat through is found. A glass top is excellent.
1675
16762) Carefully pour 8 oz. of gasoline into the glass bottle.
1677
16783) Carefully pour 4 oz. of concentrated sulfuric acid into the glass bottle.
1679 Wipe up any spills of acid on the sides of the bottle, and screw the cap on
1680 the bottle. Wash the bottle's outside with plenty of water. Set it aside
1681 to dry.
1682
16834) Put about two teaspoons of potassium chlorate and about two teaspoons of
1684 sugar into the glass or plastic cup. Add about 1/2 cup of boiling water,
1685 or enough to dissolve all of the potassium chlorate and sugar.
1686
16875) Place a sheet of paper towel in the cooking pan with raised edges. Fold
1688 the paper towel in half, and pour the solution of dissolved potassium
1689 chlorate and sugar on it until it is thoroughly wet. Allow the towel to
1690 dry.
1691
16926) When it is dry, put some glue on the outside of the glass bottle containing
1693 the gasoline and sulfuric acid mixture. Wrap the paper towel around the
1694 bottle, making sure that it sticks to it in all places. Store the bottle
1695 in a place where it will not be broken or tipped over.
1696
16977) When finished, the solution in the bottle should appear as two distinct
1698 liquids, a dark brownish-red solution on the bottom, and a clear solution
1699 on top. The two solutions will not mix. To use the chemical fire bottle,
1700 simply throw it at any hard surface.
1701
17028) NEVER OPEN THE BOTTLE, SINCE SOME SULFURIC ACID MIGHT BE ON THE CAP, WHICH
1703 COULD TRICKLE DOWN THE SIDE OF THE BOTTLE AND IGNITE THE POTASSIUM CHLORATE,
1704 CAUSING A FIRE AND/OR EXPLOSION.
1705
17069) To test the device, tear a small piece of the paper towel off the bottle,
1707 and put a few drops of sulfuric acid on it. The paper towel should
1708 immediately burst into a white flame.
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
17183.54 BOTTLED GAS EXPLOSIVES
1719
1720
1721 Bottled gas, such as butane for refilling lighters, propane for propane
1722stoves or for bunsen burners, can be used to produce a powerful explosion. To
1723make such a device, all that a simple-minded anarchist would have to do would be
1724to take his container of bottled gas and place it above a can of Sterno or other
1725gelatinized fuel, and light the fuel and run. Depending on the fuel used, and
1726on the thickness of the fuel container, the liquid gas will boil and expand to
1727the point of bursting the container in about five minutes. In theory, the gas
1728would immediately be ignited by the burning gelatinized fuel, producing a large
1729fireball and explosion. Unfortunately, the bursting of the bottled gas container
1730often puts out the fuel, thus preventing the expanding gas from igniting. By
1731using a metal bucket half filled with gasoline, however, the chances of ignition
1732are better, since the gasoline is less likely to be extinguished. Placing the
1733canister of bottled gas on a bed of burning charcoal soaked in gasoline would
1734probably be the most effective way of securing ignition of the expanding gas,
1735since although the bursting of the gas container may blow out the flame of the
1736gasoline, the burning charcoal should immediately re-ignite it. Nitrous oxide,
1737hydrogen, propane, acetylene, or any other flammable gas will do nicely.
1738
1739
1740
17414.0 USING EXPLOSIVES
1742
1743
1744 Once a terrorist has made his explosives, the next logical step is to
1745apply them. Explosives have a wide range of uses, from harassment, to vandalism,
1746to murder. NONE OF THE IDEAS PRESENTED HERE ARE EVER TO BE CARRIED OUT, EITHER
1747IN PART OR IN FULL! DOING SO CAN LEAD TO PROSECUTION, FINES, AND IMPRISONMENT!
1748 The first step that a person that would use explosive would take would
1749be to determine how big an explosive device would be needed to do whatever had
1750to be done. Then, he would have to decide what to make his bomb with. He would
1751also have to decide on how he wanted to detonate the device, and determine
1752where the best placement for it would be. Then, it would be necessary to see
1753if the device could be put where he wanted it without it being discovered or
1754moved. Finally, he would actually have to sit down and build his explosive
1755device. These are some of the topics covered in the next section.
1756
1757
17584.1 SAFETY
1759
1760 There is no such thing as a "safe" explosive device. One can only speak
1761in terms of relative safety, or less unsafe.
1762
1763
17644.2 IGNITION DEVICES
1765
1766 There are many ways to ignite explosive devices. There is the classic
1767"light the fuse, throw the bomb, and run" approach, and there are sensitive
1768mercury switches, and many things in between. Generally, electrical detonation
1769systems are safer than fuses, but there are times when fuses are more
1770appropriate than electrical systems; it is difficult to carry an electrical
1771detonation system into a stadium, for instance, without being caught. A device
1772with a fuse or impact detonating fuse would be easier to hide.
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
17824.21 FUSE IGNITION
1783
1784
1785 The oldest form of explosive ignition, fuses are perhaps the favorite
1786type of simple ignition system. By simply placing a piece of waterproof fuse in
1787a device, one can have almost guaranteed ignition. Modern waterproof fuse is
1788extremely reliable, burning at a rate of about 2.5 seconds to the inch. It is
1789available as model rocketry fuse in most hobby shops, and costs about $3.00 for
1790a nine-foot length. Fuse is a popular ignition system for pipe bombers because
1791of its simplicity. All that need be done is light it with a match or lighter.
1792 Of course, if the Army had fuses like this, then the grenade, which uses
1793fuse ignition, would be very impracticle. If a grenade ignition system can be
1794acquired, by all means, it is the most effective. But, since such things do not
1795just float around, the next best thing is to prepare a fuse system which does
1796not require the use of a match or lighter, but still retains its simplicity.
1797One such method is described below:
1798
1799
1800 MATERIALS
1801 _________
1802
1803 strike-on-cover type matches
1804
1805 electrical tape or duct tape
1806
1807 waterproof fuse
1808
18091) To determine the burn rate of a particular type of fuse, simply measure a
1810 6 inch or longer piece of fuse and ignite it. With a stopwatch, press the
1811 start button the at the instant when the fuse lights, and stop the watch when
1812 the fuse reaches its end. Divide the time of burn by the length of fuse, and
1813 you have the burn rate of the fuse, in seconds per inch. This will be shown
1814 below:
1815
1816 Suppose an eight inch piece of fuse is burned, and its complete time
1817 of combustion is 20 seconds.
1818
1819
1820
1821 20 seconds
1822 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 2.5 seconds per inch.
1823 8 inches
1824
1825
1826 If a delay of 10 seconds was desired with this fuse, divide the desired
1827 time by the number of seconds per inch:
1828
1829 10 seconds
1830 ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 4 inches
1831 2.5 seconds / inch
1832
1833NOTE: THE LENGTH OF FUSE HERE MEANS LENGTH OF FUSE TO THE POWDER. SOME FUSE,
1834 AT LEAST AN INCH, SHOULD BE INSIDE THE DEVICE. ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA
1835 INCH, AND PUT THIS EXTRA INCH AN INCH INTO THE DEVICE!!!
1836
1837
18382) After deciding how long a delay is desired before the explosive device is
1839 to go off, add about 1/2 an inch to the premeasured amount of fuse, and
1840 cut it off.
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
18473) Carefully remove the cardboard matches from the paper match case. Do not
1848 pull off individual matches; keep all the matches attached to the cardboard
1849 base. Take one of the cardboard match sections, and leave the other one
1850 to make a second igniter.
1851
18524) Wrap the matches around the end of the fuse, with the heads of the matches
1853 touching the very end of the fuse. Tape them there securely, making sure not
1854 to put tape over the match heads. Make sure they are very secure by pulling
1855 on them at the base of the assembly. They should not be able to move.
1856
18575) Wrap the cover of the matches around the matches attached to the fuse, making
1858 sure that the striker paper is below the match heads and the striker faces
1859 the match heads. Tape the paper so that is fairly tight around the matches.
1860 Do not tape the cover of the striker to the fuse or to the matches. Leave
1861 enough of the match book to pull on for ignition.
1862
1863 _____________________
1864 \ /
1865 \ / ------ match book cover
1866 \ /
1867 | M|f|M ---|------- match head
1868 | A|u|A |
1869 | T|s|T |
1870 | C|e|C |
1871 |tapeH|.|Htape|
1872 | |f| |
1873 |#####|u|#####|-------- striking paper
1874 |#####|s|#####|
1875 \ |e| /
1876 \ |.| /
1877 \ |f| /
1878 \ |u| /
1879 |ta|s|pe|
1880 |ta|e|pe|
1881 |.|
1882 |f|
1883 |u|
1884 |s|
1885 |e|
1886 |.|
1887 |_|
1888
1889
1890 The match book is wrapped around the matches, and is taped to itself.
1891 The matches are taped to the fuse. The striker will rub against the
1892 matcheads when the match book is pulled.
1893
18946) When ready to use, simply pull on the match paper. It should pull the
1895 striking paper across the match heads with enough friction to light them.
1896 In turn, the burning matcheads will light the fuse, since it adjacent to the
1897 burning match heads.
1898
1899
1900
19014.22 IMPACT IGNITION
1902
1903 Impact ignition is an excellent method of ignition for spontaneous
1904terrorist activities. The problem with an impact-detonating device is that it
1905must be kept in a very safe container so that it will not explode while being
1906transported to the place where it is to be used. This can be done by having a
1907removable impact initiator.
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913 The best and most reliable impact initiator is one that uses factory
1914made initiators or primers. A no. 11 cap for black powder firearms is one such
1915primer. They usually come in boxes of 100, and cost about $2.50. To use such
1916a cap, however, one needs a nipple that it will fit on. Black powder nipples
1917are also available in gun stores. All that a person has to do is ask for a
1918package of nipples and the caps that fit them. Nipples have a hole that goes
1919all the way through them, and they have a threaded end, and an end to put the
1920cap on. A cutaway of a nipple is shown below:
1921
1922 ________________
1923 | |
1924 _ |
1925 | | |
1926 _______| |^^^^^^^^| |
1927 | ___________| |
1928 | | |
1929 no. 11 |_______| |
1930 percussion _______ | ------- threads for screwing
1931 cap here | | | nipple onto bomb
1932 | |___________ |
1933 |_______ | |
1934 | |^^^^^^^^^| |
1935 |_| |
1936 |
1937 |________________|
1938
1939
1940 When making using this type of initiator, a hole must be drilled into
1941whatever container is used to make the bomb out of. The nipple is then screwed
1942into the hole so that it fits tightly. Then, the cap can be carried and placed
1943on the bomb when it is to be thrown. The cap should be bent a small amount
1944before it is placed on the nipple, to make sure that it stays in place. The
1945only other problem involved with an impact detonating bomb is that it must
1946strike a hard surface on the nipple to set it off. By attaching fins or a small
1947parachute on the end of the bomb opposite the primer, the bomb, when thrown,
1948should strike the ground on the primer, and explode. Of course, a bomb with
1949mercury fulminate in each end will go off on impact regardless of which end it
1950strikes on, but mercury fulminate is also likely to go off if the person
1951carrying the bomb is bumped hard.
1952
19534.23 ELECTRICAL IGNITION
1954
1955 Electrical ignition systems for detonation are usually the safest and
1956most reliable form of ignition. Electrical systems are ideal for demolition
1957work, if one doesn't have to worry so much about being caught. With two spools
1958of 500 ft of wire and a car battery, one can detonate explosives from a "safe",
1959comfortable distance, and be sure that there is nobody around that could get
1960hurt. With an electrical system, one can control exactly what time a device
1961will explode, within fractions of a second. Detonation can be aborted in less
1962than a second's warning, if a person suddenly walks by the detonation sight, or
1963if a police car chooses to roll by at the time. The two best electrical igniters
1964are military squibs and model rocketry igniters. Blasting caps for construction
1965also work well. Model rocketry igniters are sold in packages of six, and cost
1966about $1.00 per pack. All that need be done to use them is connect it to two
1967wires and run a current through them. Military squibs are difficult to get,
1968but they are a little bit better, since they explode when a current is run
1969through them, whereas rocketry igniters only burst into flame. Military squibs
1970can be used to set off sensitive high explosives, such as R.D.X., or potassium
1971chlorate mixed with petroleum jelly. Igniters can be used to set off black
1972powder, mercury fulminate, or guncotton, which in turn, can set of a high order
1973explosive.
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
19794.24 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL IGNITION
1980
1981 Electro-mechanical ignition systems are systems that use some type of
1982mechanical switch to set off an explosive charge electrically. This type of
1983switch is typically used in booby traps or other devices in which the person
1984who places the bomb does not wish to be anywhere near the device when it
1985explodes. Several types of electro-mechanical detonators will be discussed
1986
1987
19884.241 Mercury Switches
1989
1990 Mercury switches are a switch that uses the fact that mercury metal
1991conducts electricity, as do all metals, but mercury metal is a liquid at
1992room temperatures. A typical mercury switch is a sealed glass tube with
1993two electrodes and a bead of mercury metal. It is sealed because of mercury's
1994nasty habit of giving off brain-damaging vapors. The diagram below may help
1995to explain a mercury switch.
1996
1997 ______________
1998 A / \ B
1999 _____wire +______/___________ \
2000 \ ( Hg ) | /
2001 \ _(_Hg_)__|___/
2002 |
2003 |
2004 wire - |
2005 |
2006 |
2007
2008 When the drop of mercury ("Hg" is mercury's atomic symbol) touches both
2009contacts, current flows through the switch. If this particular switch was in
2010its present position, A---B, current would be flowing, since the mercury can
2011touch both contacts in the horizontal position.
2012 If, however, it was in the | position, the drop of mercury would only
2013touch the + contact on the A side. Current, then couldn't flow, since mercury
2014does not reach both contacts when the switch is in the vertical position.
2015 This type of switch is ideal to place by a door. If it were placed in
2016the path of a swinging door in the verticle position, the motion of the door
2017would knock the switch down, if it was held to the ground by a piece if tape.
2018This would tilt the switch into the verticle position, causing the mercury to
2019touch both contacts, allowing current to flow through the mercury, and to the
2020igniter or squib in an explosive device. Imagine opening a door and having it
2021slammed in your face by an explosion.
2022
2023
20244.242 Tripwire Switches
2025
2026 A tripwire is an element of the classic booby trap. By placing a nearly
2027invisible line of string or fishing line in the probable path of a victim, and
2028by putting some type of trap there also, nasty things can be caused to occur.
2029If this mode of thought is applied to explosives, how would one use such a
2030tripwire to detonate a bomb. The technique is simple. By wrapping the tips of
2031a standard clothespin with aluminum foil, and placing something between them,
2032and connecting wires to each aluminum foil contact, an electric tripwire can
2033be made, If a piece of wood attached to the tripwire was placed between the
2034contacts on the clothespin, the clothespin would serve as a switch. When the
2035tripwire was pulled, the clothespin would snap together, allowing current to
2036flow between the two pieces of aluminum foil, thereby completing a circuit,
2037which would have the igniter or squib in it. Current would flow between
2038the contacts to the igniter or squib, heat the igniter or squib, causing it
2039it to explode.
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046 __________________________________
2047 \_foil___________________________/
2048 Insert strip of ----------------------------spring
2049 wood with trip- _foil__________________________
2050 wire between foil /_______________________________\
2051 contacts.
2052
2053
2054Make sure that the aluminum foil contacts do not touch the spring, since
2055the spring also conducts electricity.
2056
2057
20584.243 Radio Control Detonators
2059
2060
2061 In the movies, every terrorist or criminal uses a radio controlled
2062detonator to set off explosives. With a good radio detonator, one can be
2063several miles away from the device, and still control exactly when it explodes,
2064in much the same way as an electrical switch. The problem with radio detonators
2065is that they are rather costly. However, there could possibly be a reason that
2066a terrorist would wish to spend the amounts of money involved with a RC (radio
2067control) system and use it as a detonator. If such an individual wanted to
2068devise an RC detonator, all he would need to do is visit the local hobby store
2069or toy store, and buy a radio controlled toy. Taking it back to his/her abode,
2070all that he/she would have to do is detach the solenoid/motor that controls the
2071motion of the front wheels of a RC car, or detach the solenoid/motor of the
2072elevators/rudder of a RC plane, or the rudder of a RC boat, and re-connect the
2073squib or rocket engine igniter to the contacts for the solenoid/motor. The
2074device should be tested several times with squibs or igniters, and fully
2075charged batteries should be in both he controller and the receiver (the part
2076that used to move parts before the device became a detonator).
2077
2078
20794.3 DELAYS
2080
2081 A delay is a device which causes time to pass from when a device is
2082set up to the time that it explodes. A regular fuse is a delay, but it would
2083cost quite a bit to have a 24 hour delay with a fuse. This section deals with
2084the different types of delays that can be employed by a terrorist who wishes to
2085be sure that his bomb will go off, but wants to be out of the country when it
2086does.
2087
2088
20894.31 FUSE DELAYS
2090
2091 It is extremely simple to delay explosive devices that employ fuses for
2092ignition. Perhaps the simplest way to do so is with a cigarette. An average
2093cigarette burns for about 8 minutes. The higher the "tar" and nicotine rating,
2094the slower the cigarette burns. Low "tar" and nicotine cigarettes burn quicker
2095than the higher "tar" and nicotine cigarettes, but they are also less likely to
2096go out if left unattended, i.e. not smoked. Depending on the wind or draft in
2097a given place, a high "tar" cigarette is better for delaying the ignition of
2098a fuse, but there must be enough wind or draft to give the cigarette enough
2099oxygen to burn. People who use cigarettes for the purpose of delaying fuses
2100will often test the cigarettes that they plan to use in advance to make sure
2101they stay lit and to see how long it will burn. Once a cigarettes burn rate
2102is determined, it is a simple matter of carefully putting a hole all the way
2103through a cigarette with a toothpick at the point desired, and pushing
2104the fuse for a device in the hole formed.
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113 |=|
2114 |=| ---------- filter
2115 |=|
2116 | |
2117 | |
2118 |o| ---------- hole for fuse
2119 cigarette ------------ | |
2120 | |
2121 | |
2122 | |
2123 | |
2124 | |
2125 | |
2126 | |
2127 | |
2128 |_| ---------- light this end
2129
2130
2131
2132 A similar type of device can be make from powdered charcoal and a sheet
2133of paper. Simply roll the sheet of paper into a thin tube, and fill it with
2134powdered charcoal. Punch a hole in it at the desired location, and insert a
2135fuse. Both ends must be glued closed, and one end of the delay must be doused
2136with lighter fluid before it is lit. Or, a small charge of gunpowder mixed with
2137powdered charcoal could conceivably used for igniting such a delay. A chain of
2138charcoal briquettes can be used as a delay by merely lining up a few bricks
2139of charcoal so that they touch each other, end on end, and lighting the first
2140brick. Incense, which can be purchased at almost any novelty or party supply
2141store, can also be used as a fairly reliable delay. By wrapping the fuse
2142about the end of an incense stick, delays of up to 1/2 an hour are possible.
2143 Finally, it is possible to make a relatively slow-burning fuse in the
2144home. By dissolving about one teaspoon of black powder in about 1/4 a cup of
2145boiling water, and, while it is still hot, soaking in it a long piece of all
2146cotton string, a slow-burning fuse can be made. After the soaked string dries,
2147it must then be tied to the fuse of an explosive device. Sometimes, the
2148end of the slow burning fuse that meets the normal fuse has a charge of black
2149powder or gunpowder at the intersection point to insure ignition, since the
2150slow-burning fuse does not burn at a very high temperature. A similar type of
2151slow fuse can be made by taking the above mixture of boiling water and black
2152powder and pouring it on a long piece of toilet paper. The wet toilet paper
2153is then gently twisted up so that it resembles a firecracker fuse, and is
2154allowed to dry.
2155
2156
2157
21584.32 TIMER DELAYS
2159
2160
2161 Timer delays, or "time bombs" are usually employed by an individual who
2162wishes to threaten a place with a bomb and demand money to reveal its location
2163and means to disarm it. Such a device could be placed in any populated place
2164if it were concealed properly. There are several ways to build a timer delay.
2165By simply using a screw as one contact at the time that detonation is desired,
2166and using the hour hand of a clock as the other contact, a simple timer can be
2167made. The minute hand of a clock should be removed, unless a delay of less
2168than an hour is desired.
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178 ___________________________________ to igniter from igniter
2179 | |
2180 | 12 | : :
2181 | 11 1 | : :
2182 | | : :
2183 | 10 2 | : :
2184 | o................|......: :
2185 | | :
2186 | 9 3 | :
2187 | | :
2188 | | :
2189 | 8 4 | :
2190 | o.........|...... :
2191 | 7 5 | : :
2192 | 6 | :.+.....-.....:
2193 |__________________________________| __|_____|
2194 | |
2195 | battery |
2196 o - contacts | |
2197 ..... - wire | |
2198 |___________|
2199
2200 This device is set to go off in eleven hours. When the hour hand of the
2201clock reaches the contact near the numeral 5, it will complete the circuit,
2202allowing current to flow through the igniter or squib.
2203
2204 The main disadvantage with this type of timer is that it can only be set
2205 for a maximum time of 12 hours. If an electronic timer is used, such as that in
2206an electronic clock, then delays of up to 24 hours are possible. By removing
2207the speaker from an electronic clock, and attaching the wires of a squib or
2208igniter to them, a timer with a delay of up to 24 hours can be made. To utilize
2209this type of timer, one must have a socket that the clock can be plugged into.
2210All that one has to do is set the alarm time of the clock to the desired time,
2211connect the leads, and go away. This could also be done with an electronic
2212watch, if a larger battery were used, and the current to the speaker of the
2213watch was stepped up via a transformer. This would be good, since such a timer
2214could be extremely small. The timer in a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) would
2215be ideal. VCR's can usually be set for times of up to a week. The leads from
2216the timer to the recording equipment would be the ones that an igniter or squib
2217would be connected to. Also, one can buy timers from electronics stores that
2218would be ideal. Finally, one could employ a digital watch, and use a relay, or
2219electro-magnetic switch to fire the igniter, and the current of the watch would
2220not have to be stepped up.
2221
2222
22234.33 CHEMICAL DELAYS
2224
2225
2226 Chemical delays are uncommon, but they can be extremely effective in
2227some cases. If a glass container is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid,
2228and capped with several thicknesses of aluminum foil, or a cap that it will eat
2229through, then it can be used as a delay. Sulfuric acid will react with aluminum
2230foil to produce aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas, and so the container must be
2231open to the air on one end so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas that is
2232forming does not break the container. See diagram on following page.
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243 _ _
2244 | | | |
2245 | | | |
2246 | | | |
2247 | |_____________| |
2248 | | | |
2249 | | sulfuric | |
2250 | | | |
2251 | | acid | |
2252 | | | |---------- aluminum foil
2253 | |_____________| | (several thicknesses)
2254 |_________________|
2255
2256
2257 The aluminum foil is placed over the bottom of the container and secured
2258there with tape. When the acid eats through the aluminum foil, it can be used
2259to ignite an explosive device in several ways.
2260
2261 1) Sulfuric acid is a good conductor of electricity. If the acid that
2262 eats through the foil is collected in a glass container placed
2263 underneath the foil, and two wires are placed in the glass container,
2264 a current will be able to flow through the acid when both of the
2265 wires are immersed in the acid.
2266
2267 2) Sulfuric acid reacts very violently with potassium chlorate. If
2268 the acid drips down into a container containing potassium chlorate,
2269 the potassium chlorate will burst into flame. This flame can be
2270 used to ignite a fuse, or the potassium chlorate can be the igniter
2271 for a thermit bomb, if some potassium chlorate is mixed in a 50/50
2272 ratio with the thermit, and this mixture is used as an igniter for
2273 the rest of the thermit.
2274
2275 3) Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium permangenate in a similar way.
2276
2277
2278
22794.4 EXPLOSIVE CONTAINERS
2280
2281
2282 This section will cover everything from making a simple firecracker to
2283a complicated scheme for detonating an insensitive high explosive, both of which
2284are methods that could be utilized by perpetrators of terror.
2285
2286
22874.41 PAPER CONTAINERS
2288
2289
2290 Paper was the first container ever used for explosives, since it was
2291first used by the Chinese to make fireworks. Paper containers are usually very
2292simple to make, and are certainly the cheapest. There are many possible uses
2293for paper in containing explosives, and the two most obvious are in firecrackers
2294and rocket engines. Simply by rolling up a long sheet of paper, and gluing it
2295together, one can make a simple rocket engine. Perhaps a more interesting and
2296dangerous use is in the firecracker. The firecracker shown here is one of
2297Mexican design. It is called a "polumna", meaning "dove". The process of their
2298manufacture is not unlike that of making a paper football. If one takes a sheet
2299of paper about 16 inches in length by 1.5 inches wide, and fold one corner so
2300that it looks like this:
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307 ________________________________________________________
2308 | |\
2309 | | \
2310 | | \
2311 |______________________________________________________|___\
2312
2313 and then fold it again so that it looks like this:
2314
2315 _______________________________________________________
2316 | /|
2317 | / |
2318 | / |
2319 |__________________________________________________/___|
2320
2321 A pocket is formed. This pocket can be filled with black powder, pyrodex,
2322flash powder, gunpowder,rocket engine powder, or any of the quick-burning fuel-
2323oxodizer mixtures that occur in the form of a fine powder. A fuse is then
2324inserted, and one continues the triangular folds, being careful not to spill
2325out any of the explosive. When the polumna is finished, it should be taped
2326together very tightly, since this will increase the strength of the container,
2327and produce a louder and more powerful explosion when it is lit. The finished
2328polumna should look like a 1/4 inch - 1/3 inch thick triangle, like the one
2329shown below:
2330
2331
2332 ^
2333 / \ ----- securely tape all corners
2334 / \
2335 / \
2336 / \
2337 / \
2338 / \____________________________
2339 /_____________\__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/ ---------- fuse
2340
2341
2342
2343
23444.42 METAL CONTAINERS
2345
2346
2347 The classic pipe bomb is the best known example of a metal-contained
2348explosive. Idiot anarchists take white tipped matches and cut off the match
2349heads. They pound one end of a pipe closed with a hammer, pour in the white-
2350tipped matches, and then pound the other end closed. This process often kills
2351the fool, since when he pounds the pipe closed, he could very easily cause
2352enough friction between the match heads to cause them to ignite and explode the
2353unfinished bomb. By using pipe caps, the process is somewhat safer, and the
2354less stupid anarchist would never use white tipped matches in a bomb. He would
2355buy two pipe caps and threaded pipe (fig. 1). First, he would drill a hole in
2356one pipe cap, and put a fuse in it so that it will not come out, and so powder
2357will not escape during handling. The fuse would be at least 3/4 an inch long
2358inside the bomb. He would then screw the cap with the fuse in it on tightly,
2359possibly putting a drop of super glue on it to hold it tight. He would then
2360pour his explosive powder in the bomb. To pack it tightly, he would take a
2361large wad of tissue paper and, after filling the pipe to the very top, pack the
2362powder down, by using the paper as a ramrod tip, and pushing it with a pencil
2363or other wide ended object, until it would not move any further. Finally, he
2364would screw the other pipe cap on, and glue it. The tissue paper would help
2365prevent some of the powder from being caught in the threads of the pipe or pipe
2366cap from being crushed and subject to friction, which might ignite the powder,
2367causing an explosion during manufacture. An assembled bomb is shown in fig. 2.
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374 _________ _______________ __________
2375 | | ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ | |
2376 | |vvvvv| |_________________________| |vvvvvv| |
2377 | | | |
2378 | | | |
2379 | | | |
2380 | | | |
2381 | | ___________________________ | |
2382 | | | | | |
2383 | |^^^^^| vvvvvv_______________vvvvvv |^^^^^^| |
2384 |_______| |________|
2385
2386 fig 1. Threaded pipe and endcaps.
2387
2388
2389
2390 ________ ________
2391 | _____|________________________________|_____ |
2392 | |__________________________________________| |
2393 | |: : : : |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| |
2394 | | tissue | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |_|
2395 | | : : : |- - - low order explosive - - ----------------------
2396 | | paper | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |-| fuse
2397 | |: : : : |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -| |
2398 | |________|_________________________________| |
2399 | |__________________________________________| |
2400 |______| |______|
2401
2402 endcap pipe endcap
2403 w/ hole
2404
2405 fig. 2 Assembled pipe bomb.
2406
2407
2408 This is one possible design that a mad bomber would use. If, however,
2409he did not have access to threaded pipe with endcaps, he could always use a
2410piece of copper or aluminum pipe, since it is easily bent into a suitable
2411position. A major problem with copper piping, however, is bending and folding
2412it without tearing it; if too much force is used when folding and bending copper
2413pipe, it will split along the fold. The safest method for making a pipe bomb
2414out of copper or aluminum pipe is similar to the method with pipe and endcaps.
2415First, one flattens one end of a copper or aluminum pipe carefully, making sure
2416not to tear or rip the piping. Then, the flat end of the pipe should be folded
2417over at least once, if this does not rip the pipe. A fuse hole should be
2418drilled in the pipe near the now closed end, and the fuse should be inserted.
2419Next, the bomb-builder would fill the bomb with a low order explosive, and pack
2420it with a large wad of tissue paper. He would then flatten and fold the other
2421end of the pipe with a pair of pliers. If he was not too dumb, he would do this
2422slowly, since the process of folding and bending metal gives off heat, which
2423could set off the explosive. A diagram is presented below:
2424
2425 ________
2426 _______________________________________________/ |
2427 | |
2428 | o |
2429 |______________________________________________ |
2430 \_______|
2431
2432 fig. 1 pipe with one end flattened and fuse hole drilled (top view)
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440 ______
2441 ____________________________________________/ | |
2442 | | |
2443 | o | |
2444 |___________________________________________ | |
2445 \__|__|
2446
2447 fig. 2 pipe with one end flattened and folded up (top view)
2448
2449 ____________ fuse hole
2450 |
2451 v
2452 _________________________________________________
2453 | \ |____ |
2454 | \____| |
2455 | ______|
2456 | /
2457 |_____________________________/__________________
2458
2459 fig. 3 pipe with flattened and folded end (side view)
2460
2461 _________________ fuse
2462 /
2463 |
2464 ________ ______________________________|___ _______
2465 | ____| / |- - - - - - - - - - -| - - \ |___ |
2466 | |_____/tissue| - - - - - - - - - - - -|- - \_____| |
2467 |________ paper |- - - low order explosive - _______|
2468 \ | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - /
2469 \_____________________________________/
2470
2471
2472 fig. 4 completed bomb, showing tissue paper packing and explosive
2473 (side view)
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478 A CO2 cartridge from a B.B gun is another excellent container for
2479a low-order explosive. It has one minor disadvantage: it is time consuming
2480to fill. But this can be rectified by widening the opening of the cartridge
2481with a pointed tool. Then, all that would have to be done is to fill the
2482CO2 cartridge with any low-order explosive, or any of the fast burning fuel-
2483oxodizer mixtures, and insert a fuse. These devices are commonly called
2484"crater makers".
2485
2486 A CO2 cartridge also works well as a container for a thermit incendiary
2487device, but it must be modified. The opening in the end must be widened, so
2488that the ignition mixture, such as powdered magnesium, does not explode. The
2489fuse will ignite the powdered magnesium, which, in turn, would ignite the
2490thermit.
2491 The previously mentioned designs for explosive devices are fine for
2492low-order explosives, but are unsuitable for high-order explosives, since the
2493latter requires a shockwave to be detonated. A design employing a smaller
2494low-order explosive device inside a larger device containing a high-order
2495explosive would probably be used. It would look something like:
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505 _______________________ fuse
2506 |
2507 |
2508 |
2509 _________ | _________
2510 | ____|__________________________|___________|____ |
2511 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *|* * * * * * * | |
2512 | | * * * * * * high explosive | * * * * * * * | |
2513 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *|* * * * * * * | |
2514 | | * ______ _______________|_ ______ * | |
2515 | | * * | __| / - - - - - - | \ |__ | * | |
2516 | | * | |____/ low explosive - \____| | * | |
2517 | | * * |_______ - - - - - - - - - _______| * | |
2518 | | * * * * * \ - - - - - - - - / * * * * * | |
2519 | | * * * * * * \_________________/ * * * * * | |
2520 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2521 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2522 | | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | |
2523 | |______________________________________________| |
2524 |_______| |_______|
2525
2526
2527 If the large high explosive container is small, such as a CO2 cartridge,
2528then a segment of a hollow radio antenna can be made into a low-order pipe bomb,
2529which can be fitted with a fuse, and inserted into the CO2 cartridge.
2530
25314.43 GLASS CONTAINERS
2532
2533
2534 Glass containers can be suitable for low-order explosives, but there
2535are problems with them. First, a glass container can be broken relatively
2536easily compared to metal or plastic containers. Secondly, in the
2537not-too-unlikely event of an "accident", the person making the device would
2538probably be seriously injured, even if the device was small. A bomb made out of
2539a sample perfume bottle-sized container exploded in the hands of one boy, and he
2540still has pieces of glass in his hand. He is also missing the final segment of
2541his ring finger, which was cut off by a sharp piece of flying glass...
2542
2543 Nonetheless, glass containers such as perfume bottles can be used by
2544a demented individual, since such a device would not be detected by metal
2545detectors in an airport or other public place. All that need be done is fill
2546the container, and drill a hole in the plastic cap that the fuse fits tightly
2547in, and screw the cap-fuse assembly on.
2548
2549
2550 ________________________ fuse
2551 |
2552 |
2553 |
2554 _____|_____
2555 | ___|___ |
2556 | > | < | drill hole in cap, and insert fuse;
2557 | > | < | be sure fuse will not come out of cap
2558 | > | < |
2559 | | |
2560 | |
2561 | |
2562 | | screw cap on bottle
2563 | |
2564 | |
2565 V V
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571 _________
2572 < >
2573 < >
2574 < >
2575 / \
2576 / \
2577 / \
2578 | | fill bottle with low-order explosive
2579 | |
2580 | |
2581 | |
2582 | |
2583 |___________|
2584
2585
2586 Large explosive devices made from glass containers are not practicle,
2587since glass is not an exceptionally strong container. Much of the explosive
2588that is used to fill the container is wasted if the container is much larger
2589than a 16 oz. soda bottle. Also, glass containers are usually unsuitable for
2590high explosive devices, since a glass container would probably not withstand
2591the explosion of the initiator; it would shatter before the high explosive was
2592able to detonate.
2593
2594
2595
25964.44 PLASTIC CONTAINERS
2597
2598
2599 Plastic containers are perhaps the best containers for explosives, since
2600they can be any size or shape, and are not fragile like glass. Plastic piping
2601can be bought at hardware or plumbing stores, and a device much like the ones
2602used for metal containers can be made. The high-order version works well with
2603plastic piping. If the entire device is made out of plastic, it is not
2604detectable by metal detectors. Plastic containers can usually be shaped by
2605heating the container, and bending it at the appropriate place. They can be
2606glued closed with epoxy or other cement for plastics. Epoxy alone can be used
2607as an endcap, if a wad of tissue paper is placed in the piping. Epoxy with a
2608drying agent works best in this type of device.
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637 || ||
2638 || ||
2639 ||\_____________/||
2640 || ||
2641 || epoxy ||
2642 ||_______________||
2643 || ||
2644 || tissue ||
2645 || paper ||
2646 ||_______________||
2647 ||***************||
2648 ||***************||
2649 ||***************||
2650 ||***************||
2651 ||** explosive **||
2652 ||***************||
2653 ||***********----------------------- fuse
2654 ||***************||
2655 ||ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ||
2656 || ||
2657 || tissue ||
2658 || paper ||
2659 ||_______________||
2660 || ||
2661 || epoxy ||
2662 || _____________ ||
2663 ||/ \||
2664 || ||
2665 || ||
2666
2667
2668 One end must be made first, and be allowed to dry completely before the
2669device can be filled with powder and fused. Then, with another piece of tissue
2670paper, pack the powder tightly, and cover it with plenty of epoxy. PVC pipe
2671works well for this type of device, but it cannot be used if the pipe had an
2672inside diameter greater than 3/4 of an inch. Other plastic puttys can be used
2673int this type of device, but epoxy with a drying agent works best.
2674
2675
2676
2677
26784.5 ADVANCED USES FOR EXPLOSIVES
2679
2680
2681 The techniques presented here are those that could be used by a person
2682who had some degree of knowledge of the use of explosives. Some of this
2683information comes from demolitions books, or from military handbooks. Advanced
2684uses for explosives usually involved shaped charges, or utilize a minimum amount
2685of explosive to do a maximum amount of damage. They almost always involve high-
2686order explosives.
2687
2688
26894.51 SHAPED CHARGES
2690
2691
2692 A shaped charge is an explosive device that, upon detonation, directs
2693the explosive force of detonation at a small target area. This process can be
2694used to breach the strongest armor, since forces of literally millions of pounds
2695of pressure per square inch can be generated. Shaped charges employ high-order
2696explosives, and usually electric ignition systems. KEEP IN MIND THAT ALL
2697EXPLOSIVES ARE DANGEROUS, AND SHOULD NEVER BE MADE OR USED!!
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703 An example of a shaped charge is shown below.
2704
2705
2706 + wire ________ _______ - wire
2707 | |
2708 | |
2709 | |
2710 _ _________|_________|____________
2711 ^ | ________|_________|__________ |
2712 | | | | | | |
2713 | | | \ igniter / | |
2714 | | | \_______/ | |
2715 | | | priming charge | |
2716 | | | (mercury fulminate) | |
2717 | | | ^ | |
2718 | | | / \ | |
2719 | | | / \ | |
2720 | | | / \ | |
2721 | | | / \ | |
2722 | | | / \ | |
2723 | | | / \ | |
2724 | | / \ | |
2725 8 inches high | | / \ | |
2726 | | / high \ | |
2727 | | | / explosive \ | |
2728 | | | / charge \ | |
2729 | | | / \ | |
2730 | | |/ \| |
2731 | | | ^ | |
2732 | | | / \ | |
2733 | | | / \ | |
2734 | | | / \ | |
2735 | | | / \ | |
2736 | | | / \ | |
2737 | | | / \ | |
2738 | | | / \ | |
2739 | | | / \ | |
2740 | | | / \ | | ------- 1/2 inch
2741 | | | / \ | | thick steel
2742 | | | / \ | | pipe
2743 | | | / \ | |
2744 | | |/ \| |
2745 | hole for | | | | hole for
2746 | screw | | | | screw
2747 | | | | |
2748 V_______ ___________| | | |___________ ________
2749 |______| |____________| |_____________| |______|
2750
2751 |<------- 8 inches -------->|
2752
2753 If a device such as this is screwed to a safe, for example, it would
2754direct most of the explosive force at a point about 1 inch away from the opening
2755of the pipe. The basis for shaped charges is a cone-shaped opening in the
2756explosive material. This cone should have an angle of 45 degrees. A device
2757such as this one could also be attached to a metal surface with a powerful
2758electromagnet.
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
27694.52 TUBE EXPLOSIVES
2770
2771
2772 A variation on shaped charges, tube explosives can be used in ways that
2773shaped charges cannot. If a piece of 1/2 inch plastic tubing was filled with
2774a sensitive high explosive like R.D.X., and prepared as the plastic explosive
2775container in section 4.44, a different sort of shaped charge could be produced;
2776a charge that directs explosive force in a circular manner. This type of
2777explosive could be wrapped around a column, or a doorknob, or a telephone pole.
2778The explosion would be directed in and out, and most likely destroy whatever
2779it was wrapped around. In an unbent state, a tube explosive would look like
2780this:
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837 || ||
2838 || ||
2839 ||\____/||
2840 || epoxy||
2841 ||______||
2842 || ||
2843 ||tissue||
2844 || paper||
2845 ||______||
2846 ||******||
2847 ||******||
2848 ||******||
2849 ||******||
2850 ||******||
2851 ||******||
2852 ||******||
2853 ||******||
2854 ||******||
2855 ||******||
2856 ||******||
2857 ||******||
2858 ||******||
2859 ||******||
2860 || RDX ||
2861 ||******||
2862 ||******||
2863 ||******||
2864 ||******||
2865 ||******||
2866 ||******||
2867 ||******||
2868 ||******||
2869 ||******||
2870 ||******||
2871 ||******||
2872 ||******||
2873 ||******||
2874 ||******||
2875 || ____ ||
2876 || | s| ||
2877 || | q| ||
2878 || | u| ||
2879 || | i| ||
2880 || | b| ||
2881 || | b| ||
2882 || |__| ||
2883 ||__||__||
2884 ||tissue||
2885 || paper||
2886 ||__||__||
2887 || || ||
2888 || epoxy||
2889 || || ||
2890 || _||_ ||
2891 ||/ || \||
2892 || || ||
2893 || || ||
2894 ||_______ + wire ______________
2895 |
2896 |________ - wire ______________
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903 When an assassin or terrorist wishes to use a tube bomb, he must wrap
2904it around whatever thing he wishes to destroy, and epoxy the ends of the tube
2905bomb together. After it dries, he/she can connect wires to the squib wires,
2906and detonate the bomb, with any method of electric detonation.
2907
2908
2909
29104.53 ATOMIZED PARTICLE EXPLOSIONS
2911
2912
2913 If a highly flammable substance is atomized, or, divided into very small
2914particles, and large amounts of it is burned in a confined area, an explosion
2915similar to that occurring in the cylinder of an automobile is produced. The
2916tiny droplets of gasoline burn in the air, and the hot gasses expand rapidly,
2917pushing the cylinder up. Similarly, if a gallon of gasoline was atomized and
2918ignited in a building, it is very possible that the expanding gassed would push
2919the walls of the building down. This phenomenon is called an atomized particle
2920explosion. If a person can effectively atomize a large amount of a highly
2921flammable substance and ignite it, he could bring down a large building, bridge,
2922or other structure. Atomizing a large amount of gasoline, for example, can be
2923extremely difficult, unless one has the aid of a high explosive. If a gallon
2924jug of gasoline was placed directly over a high explosive charge, and the charge
2925was detonated, the gasoline would instantly be atomized and ignited. If this
2926occurred in a building, for example, an atomized particle explosion would surely
2927occur. Only a small amount of high explosive would be necessary to accomplish
2928this feat, about 1/2 a pound of T.N.T. or 1/4 a pound of R.D.X. Also, instead
2929of gasoline, powdered aluminum could be used. It is necessary that a high
2930explosive be used to atomize a flammable material, since a low-order explosion
2931does not occur quickly enough to atomize or ignite the flammable material.
2932
2933
2934
2935
29364.54 LIGHTBULB BOMBS
2937
2938
2939
2940 An automatic reaction to walking into a dark room is to turn on the
2941light. This can be fatal, if a lightbulb bomb has been placed in the overhead
2942light socket. A lightbulb bomb is surprisingly easy to make. It also comes
2943with its own initiator and electric ignition system. On some lightbulbs, the
2944lightbulb glass can be removed from the metal base by heating the base of a
2945lightbulb in a gas flame, such as that of a blowtorch or gas stove. This must
2946be done carefully, since the inside of a lightbulb is a vacuum. When the glue
2947gets hot enough, the glass bulb can be pulled off the metal base. On other
2948bulbs, it is necessary to heat the glass directly with a blowtorch or
2949oxy-acetylene torch. When the bulb is red hot, a hole must be carefully poked
2950in the bulb, remembering the vacuum state inside the bulb. In either case,
2951once the bulb and/or base has cooled down to room temperature or lower, the
2952bulb can be filled with an explosive material, such as black powder. If the
2953glass was removed from the metal base, it must be glued back on to the base
2954with epoxy. If a hole was put in the bulb, a piece of duct tape is sufficient
2955to hold the explosive in the in the bulb. Then, after making sure that the
2956socket has no power by checking with a working lightbulb, all that need be
2957done is to screw the lightbulb bomb into the socket. Such a device has been
2958used by terrorists or assassins with much success, since nobody can search the
2959room for a bomb without first turning on the light.
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
29694.55 BOOK BOMBS
2970
2971
2972 Concealing a bomb can be extremely difficult in a day and age where
2973perpetrators of violence run wild. Bags and briefcases are often searched
2974by authorities whenever one enters a place where an individual might intend
2975to set off a bomb. One approach to disguising a bomb is to build what is
2976called a book bomb; an explosive device that is entirely contained inside of
2977a book. Usually, a relatively large book is required, and the book must be of
2978the hardback variety to hide any protrusions of a bomb. Dictionaries, law
2979books, large textbooks, and other such books work well. When an individual
2980makes a bookbomb, he/she must choose a type of book that is appropriate for
2981the place where the book bomb will be placed. The actual construction of a
2982book bomb can be done by anyone who possesses an electric drill and a coping
2983saw. First, all of the pages of the book must be glued together. By pouring
2984an entire container of water-soluble glue into a large bucket, and filling
2985the bucket with boiling water, a glue-water solution can be made that will
2986hold all of the book's pages together tightly. After the glue-water solution
2987has cooled to a bearable temperature, and the solution has been stirred well,
2988the pages of the book must be immersed in the glue-water solution, and each
2989page must be thoroughly soaked. It is extremely important that the covers of
2990the book do not get stuck to the pages of the book while the pages are drying.
2991Suspending the book by both covers and clamping the pages together in a vice
2992works best. When the pages dry, after about three days to a week, a hole must
2993be drilled into the now rigid pages, and they should drill out much like wood.
2994Then, by inserting the coping saw blade through the pages and sawing out a
2995rectangle from the middle of the book, the individual will be left with a shell
2996of the book's pages. The pages, when drilled out, should look like this:
2997
2998
2999 ________________________
3000 | ____________________ |
3001 | | | |
3002 | | | |
3003 | | | |
3004 | | | |
3005 | | | |
3006 | | | |
3007 | | | |
3008 | | | |
3009 | | | |
3010 | | | |
3011 | | | |
3012 | |__________________| |
3013 |______________________|
3014
3015 (book covers omitted)
3016
3017
3018 This rectangle must be securely glued to the back cover of the book.
3019After building his/her bomb, which usually is of the timer or radio controlled
3020variety, the bomber places it inside the book. The bomb itself, and whatever
3021timer or detonator is used, should be packed in foam to prevent it from rolling
3022or shifting about. Finally, after the timer is set, or the radio control has
3023been turned on, the front cover is glued closed, and the bomb is taken to its
3024destination.
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
30354.56 PHONE BOMBS
3036
3037
3038 The phone bomb is an explosive device that has been used in the past
3039to kill or injure a specific individual. The basic idea is simple: when the
3040person answers the phone, the bomb explodes. If a small but powerful high
3041explosive device with a squib was placed in the phone receiver, when the
3042current flowed through the receiver, the squib would explode, detonating the
3043high explosive in the person's hand. Nasty. All that has to be done is
3044acquire a squib, and tape the receiver switch down. Unscrew the mouthpiece
3045cover, and remove the speaker, and connect the squib's leads where it was.
3046Place a high explosive putty, such as C-1 (see section 3.31) in the receiver,
3047and screw the cover on, making sure that the squib is surrounded by the C-1.
3048Hang the phone up, and leave the tape in place. When the individual to whom
3049the phone belongs attempts to answer the phone, he will notice the tape, and
3050remove it. This will allow current to flow through the squib. Note that
3051the device will not explode by merely making a phone call; the owner of the
3052phone must lift up the receiver, and remove the tape. It is highly probable
3053that the phone will be by his/her ear when the device explodes...
3054
3055
30565.0 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PROJECTILE WEAPONS
3057
3058
3059 Explosive and/or poisoned ammunition is an important part of a social
3060deviant's arsenal. Such ammunition gives the user a distinct advantage over
3061individual who use normal ammunition, since a grazing hit is good enough to
3062kill. Special ammunition can be made for many types of weapons, from crossbows
3063to shotguns.
3064
3065
30665.1 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR PRIMITIVE WEAPONS
3067
3068
3069 For the purposes of this publication, we will call any weapon primitive
3070that does not employ burning gunpowder to propel a projectile forward. This
3071means blowguns, bows and crossbows, and wristrockets.
3072
3073
3074
30755.11 BOW AND CROSSBOW AMMUNITION
3076
3077
3078 Bows and crossbows both fire arrows or bolts as ammunition. It is
3079extremely simple to poison an arrow or bolt, but it is a more difficult matter
3080to produce explosive arrows or bolts. If, however, one can acquire aluminum
3081piping that is the same diameter of an arrow or crossbow bolt, the entire
3082segment of piping can be converted into an explosive device that detonates
3083upon impact, or with a fuse. All that need be done is find an aluminum tube
3084of the right length and diameter, and plug the back end with tissue paper and
3085epoxy. Fill the tube with any type of low-order explosive or sensitive high-
3086order explosive up to about 1/2 an inch from the top. Cut a slot in the piece
3087of tubing, and carefully squeeze the top of the tube into a round point, making
3088sure to leave a small hole. Place a no. 11 percussion cap over the hole, and
3089secure it with super glue. Finally, wrap the end of the device with electrical
3090or duct tape, and make fins out of tape. Or, fins can be bought at a sporting
3091goods store, and glued to the shaft. The finished product should look like:
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101 _____
3102 | | ---------- no. 11 percussion cap
3103 ||*||
3104 |*|
3105 |*|
3106 |*|
3107 |*|
3108 |*|
3109 |*| ----------- aluminum piping
3110 |*|
3111 |e|
3112 |x|
3113 |p|
3114 |l|
3115 |o|
3116 |s|
3117 |i|
3118 |v|
3119 |e|
3120 |*|
3121 |*|
3122 |*|
3123 |*|
3124 |*|
3125 |*|
3126 |*|
3127 /|_|\
3128 / |t| \
3129 | |p| |
3130 | |_| |
3131 | |e| | -------- fins
3132 | |p| |
3133 | |y| |
3134 |_|_|_|
3135 |_|
3136
3137
3138 tp: tissue paper
3139
3140 epy: epoxy
3141
3142 When the arrow or bolt strikes a hard surface, the percussion cap
3143explodes, igniting or detonating the explosive.
3144
3145
31465.12 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR BLOWGUNS
3147
3148
3149 The blowgun is an interesting weapon which has several advantages.
3150A blowgun can be extremely accurate, concealable, and deliver an explosive
3151or poisoned projectile. The manufacture of an explosive dart or projectile
3152is not difficult. Perhaps the most simple design for such involves the use
3153of a pill capsule, such as the kind that are taken for headaches or allergies.
3154Such a capsule could easily be opened, and the medicine removed. Next, the
3155capsule would be re-filled with an impact-sensitive explosive. An additional
3156high explosive charge could be placed behind the impact-sensitive explosive,
3157if one of the larger capsules were used. Finally, the explosive capsule would
3158be reglued back together, and a tassel or cotton would be glued to the end
3159containing the high explosive, to insure that the impact-detonating explosive
3160struck the target first. Such a device would probably be about 3/4 of an inch
3161long, not including the tassel or cotton, and look something like this:
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167 ____________________
3168 /mercury | \-----------------------
3169 (fulminate| R.D.X. )---------------------- } tassels
3170 \________|___________/-----------------------
3171
3172
3173
3174
31755.13 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR WRISTROCKETS AND SLINGSHOTS
3176
3177
3178 A modern wristrocket is a formidable weapon. It can throw a shooter
3179marble about 500 ft. with reasonable accuracy. Inside of 200 ft., it could well
3180be lethal to a man or animal, if it struck in a vital area. Because of the
3181relatively large sized projectile that can be used in a wristrocket, the
3182wristrocket can be adapted to throw relatively powerful explosive projectiles.
3183A small segment of aluminum pipe could be made into an impact-detonating device
3184by filling it with an impact-sensitive explosive material. Also, such a pipe
3185could be filled with a low-order explosive, and fitted with a fuse, which would
3186be lit before the device was shot. One would have to make sure that the fuse
3187was of sufficient length to insure that the device did not explode before it
3188reached its intended target. Finally, .22 caliber caps, such as the kind that
3189are used in .22 caliber blank guns, make excellent exploding ammunition for
3190wristrockets, but they must be used at a relatively close range, because of
3191their light weight.
3192
3193
3194
3195
31965.2 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR FIREARMS
3197
3198
3199 When special ammunition is used in combination with the power and
3200rapidity of modern firearms, it becomes very easy to take on a small army with
3201a single weapon. It is possible to buy explosive ammunition, but that can be
3202difficult to do. Such ammunition can also be manufactured in the home. There
3203is, however, a risk involved with modifying any ammunition. If the ammunition
3204is modified incorrectly, in such a way that it makes the bullet even the
3205slightest bit wider, an explosion in the barrel of the weapon will occur. For
3206this reason, NOBODY SHOULD EVER ATTEMPT TO MANUFACTURE SUCH AMMUNITION.
3207
3208
32095.21 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR HANDGUNS
3210
3211
3212 If an individual wished to produce explosive ammunition for his/her
3213handgun, he/she could do it, provided that the person had an impact-sensitive
3214explosive and a few simple tools. One would first purchase all lead bullets,
3215and then make or acquire an impact-detonating explosive. By drilling a hole
3216in a lead bullet with a drill, a space could be created for the placement of
3217an explosive. After filling the hole with an explosive, it would be sealed
3218in the bullet with a drop of hot wax from a candle. A diagram of a completed
3219exploding bullet is shown below.
3220
3221 _o_ ------------ drop of wax
3222 /|*|\
3223 | |*|-|----------- impact-sensitive explosive
3224 | |_| |
3225 |_____|
3226
3227 This hollow space design also works for putting poison in bullets.
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
32335.22 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR SHOTGUNS
3234
3235 Because of their large bore and high power, it is possible to create
3236some extremely powerful special ammunition for use in shotguns. If a shotgun
3237shell is opened at the top, and the shot removed, the shell can be re-closed.
3238Then, if one can find a very smooth, lightweight wooden dowel that is close to
3239the bore width of the shotgun, a person can make several types of shotgun-
3240launched weapons. Insert the dowel in the barrel of the shotgun with the
3241shell without the shot in the firing chamber. Mark the dowel about six inches
3242away from the end of the barrel, and remove it from the barrel. Next, decide
3243what type of explosive or incendiary device is to be used. This device can be a
3244chemical fire bottle (sect. 3.43), a pipe bomb (sect 4.42), or a thermit bomb
3245(sect 3.41 and 4.42). After the device is made, it must be securely attached to
3246the dowel. When this is done, place the dowel back in the shotgun. The bomb or
3247incendiary device should be on the end of the dowel. Make sure that the device
3248has a long enough fuse, light the fuse, and fire the shotgun. If the projectile
3249is not too heavy, ranges of up to 300 ft are possible. A diagram of a shotgun
3250projectile is shown below:
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255 ____
3256 || |
3257 || |
3258 || | ----- bomb, securely taped to dowel
3259 || |
3260 ||__|
3261 || |
3262 || | ------- fuse
3263 || |
3264 ||
3265 ||
3266 ||
3267 || --------- dowel
3268 ||
3269 ||
3270 ||
3271 ||
3272 ||
3273 || --------- insert this end into shotgun
3274
3275
3276
3277
32785.3 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR COMPRESSED AIR/GAS WEAPONS
3279
3280
3281 This section deals with the manufacture of special ammunition for
3282compressed air or compressed gas weapons, such as pump B.B guns, CO2 B.B guns,
3283and .22 cal pellet guns. These weapons, although usually thought of as kids
3284toys, can be made into rather dangerous weapons.
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
32995.31 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR B.B GUNS
3300
3301
3302 A B.B gun, for this manuscript, will be considered any type of rifle or
3303pistol that uses compressed air or CO2 gas to fire a projectile with a caliber
3304of .177, either B.B, or lead pellet. Such guns can have almost as high a muzzle
3305velocity as a bullet-firing rifle. Because of the speed at which a .177 caliber
3306projectile flies, an impact detonating projectile can easily be made that has a
3307caliber of .177. Most ammunition for guns of greater than .22 caliber use
3308primers to ignite the powder in the bullet. These primers can be bought at gun
3309stores, since many people like to reload their own bullets. Such primers
3310detonate when struck by the firing pin of a gun. They will also detonate if
3311they are thrown at a hard surface at a great speed. Usually, they will also fit
3312in the barrel of a .177 caliber gun. If they are inserted flat end first, they
3313will detonate when the gun is fired at a hard surface. If such a primer is
3314attached to a piece of thin metal tubing, such as that used in an antenna, the
3315tube can be filled with an explosive, be sealed, and fired from a B.B gun. A
3316diagram of such a projectile appears below:
3317
3318
3319 _____ primers _______
3320 | |
3321 | |
3322 | |
3323 V V
3324 ______ ______
3325 | ________________________ |-------------------
3326 | ****** explosive ******* |------------------- } tassel or
3327 | ________________________ |------------------- cotton
3328 |_____ _____|-------------------
3329 ^
3330 |
3331 |
3332 |_______ antenna tubing
3333
3334 The front primer is attached to the tubing with a drop of super glue.
3335The tubing is then filled with an explosive, and the rear primer is glued on.
3336Finally, a tassel, or a small piece of cotton is glued to the rear primer, to
3337insure that the projectile strikes on the front primer. The entire projectile
3338should be about 3/4 of an inch long.
3339
3340
3341
33425.32 SPECIAL AMMUNITION FOR .22 CALIBER PELLET GUNS
3343
3344
3345 A .22 caliber pellet gun usually is equivalent to a .22 cal rifle, at
3346close ranges. Because of this, relatively large explosive projectiles can be
3347adapted for use with .22 caliber air rifles. A design similar to that used in
3348section 5.12 is suitable, since some capsules are about .22 caliber or smaller.
3349Or, a design similar to that in section 5.31 could be used, only one would have
3350to purchase black powder percussion caps, instead of ammunition primers, since
3351there are percussion caps that are about .22 caliber. A #11 cap is too small,
3352but anything larger will do nicely.
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
33656.0 ROCKETS AND CANNONS
3366
3367
3368 Rockets and cannon are generally thought of as heavy artillery.
3369Perpetrators of violence do not usually employ such devices, because they are
3370difficult or impossible to acquire. They are not, however, impossible to make.
3371Any individual who can make or buy black powder or pyrodex can make such things.
3372A terrorist with a cannon or large rocket is, indeed, something to fear.
3373
3374
3375
33766.1 ROCKETS
3377
3378
3379 Rockets were first developed by the Chinese several hundred years
3380before Christ. They were used for entertainment, in the form of fireworks.
3381They were not usually used for military purposes because they were inaccurate,
3382expensive, and unpredictable. In modern times, however, rockets are used
3383constantly by the military, since they are cheap, reliable, and have no recoil.
3384Perpetrators of violence, fortunately, cannot obtain military rockets, but they
3385can make or buy rocket engines. Model rocketry is a popular hobby of the space
3386age, and to launch a rocket, an engine is required. Estes, a subsidiary of
3387Damon, is the leading manufacturer of model rockets and rocket engines. Their
3388most powerful engine, the "D" engine, can develop almost 12 lbs. of thrust;
3389enough to send a relatively large explosive charge a significant distance.
3390Other companies, such as Centuri, produce even larger rocket engines, which
3391develop up to 30 lbs. of thrust. These model rocket engines are quite reliable,
3392and are designed to be fired electrically. Most model rocket engines have
3393three basic sections. The diagram below will help explain them.
3394
3395
3396 __________________________________________________________
3397 |_________________________________________________________| -- cardboard
3398 \ clay | - - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . .|c| casing
3399 \_______| - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . |l|
3400 ______ _ - - - thrust - - - | smoke | eject |a|
3401 / clay | - - - - - - - - - | * * * | . . . .|y|
3402 /________|_____________________|_______|________|_|_______
3403 |_________________________________________________________| -- cardboard
3404 casing
3405
3406
3407 The clay nozzle is where the igniter is inserted. When the area labeled
3408"thrust" is ignited, the "thrust" material, usually a large single grain of a
3409propellant such as black powder or pyrodex, burns, forcing large volumes of hot,
3410rapidly expanding gasses out the narrow nozzle, pushing the rocket forward.
3411After the material has been consumed, the smoke section of the engine is
3412ignited. It is usually a slow-burning material, similar to black powder that
3413has had various compounds added to it to produce visible smoke, usually black,
3414white, or yellow in color. This section exists so that the rocket will be seen
3415when it reaches its maximum altitude, or apogee. When it is burned up, it
3416ignites the ejection charge, labeled "eject". The ejection charge is finely
3417powdered black powder. It burns very rapidly, exploding, in effect. The
3418explosion of the ejection charge pushes out the parachute of the model rocket.
3419It could also be used to ignite the fuse of a bomb...
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431 Rocket engines have their own peculiar labeling system. Typical engine
3432labels are: 1/4A-2T, 1/2A-3T, A8-3, B6-4, C6-7, and D12-5. The letter is an
3433indicator of the power of an engine. "B" engines are twice as powerful as "A"
3434engines, and "C" engines are twice as powerful as "B" engines, and so on. The
3435number following the letter is the approximate thrust of the engine, in pounds.
3436the final number and letter is the time delay, from the time that the thrust
3437period of engine burn ends until the ejection charge fires; "3T" indicates a
34383 second delay.
3439
3440
3441NOTE: an extremely effective rocket propellant can be made by mixing aluminum
3442 dust with ammonium perchlorate and a very small amount of iron oxide.
3443 The mixture is bound together by an epoxy.
3444
3445
3446
34476.11 BASIC ROCKET BOMB
3448
3449
3450 A rocket bomb is simply what the name implies: a bomb that is delivered
3451to its target by means of a rocket. Most people who would make such a device
3452would use a model rocket engine to power the device. By cutting fins from balsa
3453wood and gluing them to a large rocket engine, such as the Estes "C" engine, a
3454basic rocket could be constructed. Then, by attaching a "crater maker", or CO2
3455cartridge bomb to the rocket, a bomb would be added. To insure that the fuse of
3456the "crater maker" (see sect. 4.42) ignited, the clay over the ejection charge
3457of the engine should be scraped off with a plastic tool. The fuse of the bomb
3458should be touching the ejection charge, as shown below.
3459
3460
3461 ____________ rocket engine
3462 | _________ crater maker
3463 | |
3464 | |
3465 V |
3466 _______________________________V_
3467 |_______________________________| ______________________
3468 \ | - - - - - -|***|::::| /# # # # # # # # # # # \
3469 \__| - - - - - -|***|::::| ___/ # # # # # # # # # # # \
3470 __ - - - - - -|***|::::|---fuse--- # # explosive # # )
3471 / | - - - - - -|***|::::| ___ # # # # # # # # # # # /
3472 /___|____________|___|____|____ \_______________________/
3473 |_______________________________|
3474
3475
3476 thrust> - - - - - -
3477 smoke> ***
3478 ejection charge> ::::
3479
3480
3481 Duct tape is the best way to attach the crater maker to the rocket
3482engine. Note in the diagram the absence of the clay over the ejection charge
3483Many different types of explosive payloads can be attached to the rocket, such
3484as a high explosive, an incendiary device, or a chemical fire bottle.
3485
3486
3487
3488 Either four or three fins must be glued to the rocket engine to insure that
3489the rocket flies straight. The fins should look like the following diagram:
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495 |\
3496 | \
3497 | \
3498 | \ <--------- glue this to rocket engine
3499 | \
3500 | \
3501 | \
3502 | |
3503 | |
3504 | |
3505 leading edge |
3506 -------> |
3507 | |
3508 | | trailing edge
3509 | | <--------
3510 | |
3511 | |
3512 | |
3513 | |
3514 \_____/
3515
3516
3517 The leading edge and trailing edge should be sanded with sandpaper so
3518that they are rounded. This will help make the rocket fly straight. A two
3519inch long section of a plastic straw can be attached to the rocket to launch it
3520from. A clothes hanger can be cut and made into a launch rod. The segment of
3521a plastic straw should be glued to the rocket engine adjacent to one of the fins
3522of the rocket. A front view of a completed rocket bomb is shown below.
3523
3524
3525
3526 |
3527 fin | <------ fin
3528 | | |
3529 | | |
3530 | __|__ |
3531 V / \ V
3532 ---------------| |---------------
3533 \_____/
3534 |o <----------- segment of plastic straw
3535 |
3536 |
3537 | <------ fin
3538 |
3539 |
3540
3541 By cutting a coat hanger at the indicated arrows, and bending it, a
3542launch rod can be made. After a fuse is inserted in the engine, the rocket is
3543simply slid down the launch rod, which is put through the segment of plastic
3544straw. The rocket should slide easily along a coathanger, such as the one
3545illustated on the following page:
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560 ____
3561 / \
3562 | |
3563 cut here _____ |
3564 | |
3565 | |
3566 | / \
3567 V / \
3568 _________________/ \________________
3569 / \
3570 / \
3571 /____________________________________________\
3572 ^
3573 |
3574 |
3575 and here ______|
3576
3577
3578 Bend wire to this shape:
3579
3580
3581 _______ insert into straw
3582 |
3583 |
3584 |
3585 V
3586 ____________________________________________
3587 \
3588 \
3589 \
3590 \
3591 \ <--------- bend here to adjust flight angle
3592 |
3593 |
3594 |
3595 |
3596 |
3597 | <---------- put this end in ground
3598 |
3599
3600
3601
36026.12 LONG RANGE ROCKET BOMB
3603
3604
3605 Long range rockets can be made by using multi-stage rockets. Model
3606rocket engines with an "0" for a time delay are designed for use in multi-
3607stage rockets. An engine such as the D12-0 is an excellent example of such an
3608engine. Immediately after the thrust period is over, the ejection charge
3609explodes. If another engine is placed directly against the back of an "0"
3610engine, the explosion of the ejection charge will send hot gasses and burning
3611particles into the nozzle of the engine above it, and ignite the thrust section.
3612 This will push the used "0" engine off of the rocket, causing an overall loss of
3613weight. The main advantage of a multi-stage rocket is that it loses weight as
3614travels, and it gains velocity. A multi-stage rocket must be designed somewhat
3615differently than a single stage rocket, since, in order for a rocket to fly
3616straight, its center of gravity must be ahead of its center of drag. This is
3617accomplished by adding weight to the front of the rocket, or by moving the
3618center of drag back by putting fins on the rocket that are well behind the
3619rocket. A diagram of a multi-stage rocket appears on the following page:
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626 ___
3627 / \
3628 | |
3629 | C |
3630 | M | ------ CM: Crater Maker
3631 | |
3632 | |
3633 |___|
3634 | |
3635 | |
3636 | |
3637 | C | ------ C6-5 rocket engine
3638 /| 6 |\
3639 / | | | \
3640 / | 5 | \
3641 / |___| \ ---- fin
3642 / /| |\ \
3643 / / | | \ \
3644 / / | | \ \
3645 / / | C | \ \
3646 | / | 6 | \ |
3647 | / | | | \ |
3648 | / | 0 | \ |
3649 |/ |___| \|
3650 | / \ |
3651 \______/ ^ \______/ ------- fin
3652 |
3653 |
3654 |
3655 |
3656 C6-0 rocket engine
3657
3658
3659 The fuse is put in the bottom engine.
3660
3661
3662 Two, three, or even four stages can be added to a rocket bomb to give it
3663a longer range. It is important, however, that for each additional stage, the
3664fin area gets larger.
3665
3666
3667
36686.13 MULTIPLE WARHEAD ROCKET BOMBS
3669
3670
3671 "M.R.V." is an acronym for Multiple Reentry Vehicle. The concept is
3672simple: put more than one explosive warhead on a single missile. This can be
3673done without too much difficulty by anyone who knows how to make crater-makers
3674and can buy rocket engines. By attaching crater makers with long fuses to a
3675rocket, it is possible that a single rocket could deliver several explosive
3676devices to a target. Such a rocket might look like the diagram on the
3677following page:
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692 ___
3693 / \
3694 | |
3695 | C |
3696 | M |
3697 |___|
3698 ___| |___
3699 | | | |
3700 | | T | |
3701 / \ | U | / \
3702 / \| B |/ \
3703 | || E || |
3704 | C || || C |
3705 | M || || M |
3706 | ||___|| |
3707 \___/| E |\___/
3708 | N |
3709 /| G |\
3710 / | I | \
3711 / | N | \
3712 / | E | \
3713 / |___| \
3714 / fin/ | \ fin\
3715 | / | \ |
3716 \__/ | \__/
3717
3718 ^
3719 |____ fin
3720
3721
3722 The crater makers are attached to the tube of rolled paper with tape.
3723the paper tube is made by rolling and gluing a 4 inch by 8 inch piece of paper.
3724The tube is glued to the engine, and is filled with gunpowder or black powder.
3725Small holes are punched in it, and the fuses of the crater makers are inserted
3726in these holes. A crater maker is glued to the open end of the tube, so that
3727its fuse is inside the tube. A fuse is inserted in the engine, or in the bottom
3728engine if the rocket bomb is multi stage, and the rocket is launched from the
3729coathanger launcher, if a segment of a plastic straw has been attached to it.
3730
3731
3732
37336.2 CANNON
3734
3735
3736 The cannon is a piece of artillery that has been in use since the
373711th century. It is not unlike a musket, in that it is filled with powder,
3738loaded, and fired. Cannons of this sort must also be cleaned after each shot,
3739otherwise, the projectile may jam in the barrel when it is fired, causing the
3740barrel to explode. A sociopath could build a cannon without too much trouble,
3741if he/she had a little bit of money, and some patience.
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
37586.21 BASIC PIPE CANNON
3759
3760
3761 A simple cannon can be made from a thick pipe by almost anyone. The
3762only difficult part is finding a pipe that is extremely smooth on its interior.
3763This is absolutely necessary; otherwise, the projectile may jam. Copper or
3764aluminum piping is usually smooth enough, but it must also be extremely thick to
3765withstand the pressure developed by the expanding hot gasses in a cannon. If
3766one uses a projectile such as a CO2 cartridge, since such a projectile can be
3767made to explode, a pipe that is about 1.5 - 2 feet long is ideal. Such a pipe
3768MUST have walls that are at least 1/3 to 1/2 an inch thick, and be very smooth
3769on the interior. If possible, screw an endplug into the pipe. Otherwise, the
3770pipe must be crimped and folded closed, without cracking or tearing the pipe.
3771A small hole is drilled in the back of the pipe near the crimp or endplug.
3772Then, all that need be done is fill the pipe with about two teaspoons of
3773grade blackpowder or pyrodex, insert a fuse, pack it lightly by ramming a wad
3774of tissue paper down the barrel, and drop in a CO2 cartridge. Brace the cannon
3775securely against a strong structure, light the fuse, and run. If the person is
3776lucky, he will not have overcharged the cannon, and he will not be hit by
3777pieces of exploding barrel. Such a cannon would look like this:
3778
3779 __________________ fuse hole
3780 |
3781 |
3782 V
3783 ________________________________________________________________
3784 | |______________________________________________________________|
3785 |endplug|powder|t.p.| CO2 cartridge
3786 | ______|______|____|____________________________________________
3787 |_|______________________________________________________________|
3788
3789
3790 An exploding projectile can be made for this type of cannon with a CO2
3791cartridge. It is relatively simple to do. Just make a crater maker, and
3792construct it such that the fuse projects about an inch from the end of the
3793cartridge. Then, wrap the fuse with duct tape, covering it entirely, except for
3794a small amount at the end. Put this in the pipe cannon without using a tissue
3795paper packing wad. When the cannon is fired, it will ignite the end of the fuse,
3796and shoot the CO2 cartridge. The explosive-filled cartridge will explode in
3797about three seconds, if all goes well. Such a projectile would look like this:
3798
3799
3800 ___
3801 / \
3802 | |
3803 | C |
3804 | M |
3805 | |
3806 | |
3807 |\ /|
3808 | | | ---- tape
3809 |_|_|
3810 |
3811 | ------ fuse
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
38246.22 ROCKET FIRING CANNON
3825
3826
3827 A rocket firing cannon can be made exactly like a normal cannon; the
3828only difference is the ammunition. A rocket fired from a cannon will fly
3829further than a rocket alone, since the action of shooting it overcomes the
3830initial inertia. A rocket that is launched when it is moving will go further
3831than one that is launched when it is stationary. Such a rocket would resemble
3832a normal rocket bomb, except it would have no fins. It would look like this:
3833
3834
3835 ___
3836 / \
3837 | |
3838 | C |
3839 | M |
3840 | |
3841 | |
3842 |___|
3843 | E |
3844 | N |
3845 | G |
3846 | I |
3847 | N |
3848 | E |
3849 |___|
3850
3851
3852 the fuse on such a device would, obviously, be short, but it would not
3853be ignited until the rocket's ejection charge exploded. Thus, the delay before
3854the ejection charge, in effect, becomes the delay before the bomb explodes.
3855Note that no fuse need be put in the rocket; the burning powder in the cannon
3856will ignite it, and simultaneously push the rocket out of the cannon at a high
3857velocity.
3858
3859
3860
38617.0 PYROTECHNICA ERRATA
3862
3863
3864 There are many other types of pyrotechnics that a perpetrator of
3865violence might employ. Smoke bombs can be purchased in magic stores, and large
3866military smoke bombs can be bought through adds in gun and military magazines.
3867Also, fireworks can also be used as weapons of terror. A large aerial display
3868rocket would cause many injuries if it were to be fired so that it landed on the
3869ground near a crowd of people. Even the "harmless" pull-string fireworks, which
3870consists of a sort of firecracker that explodes when the strings running
3871through it are pulled, could be placed inside a large charge of a sensitive
3872high explosive. Tear gas is another material that might well be useful
3873to the sociopath, and such a material could be instantly disseminated over
3874a large crowd by means of a rocket-bomb, with nasty effects.
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
38907.1 SMOKE BOMBS
3891
3892
3893 One type of pyrotechnic device that might be employed by a terrorist in
3894many way would be a smoke bomb. Such a device could conceal the getaway route,
3895or cause a diversion, or simply provide cover. Such a device, were it to
3896produce enough smoke that smelled bad enough, could force the evacuation of a
3897building, for example. Smoke bombs are not difficult to make. Although the
3898military smoke bombs employ powdered white phosphorus or titanium compounds,
3899such materials are usually unavailable to even the most well-equipped terrorist.
3900Instead, he/she would have to make the smoke bomb for themselves.
3901
3902 Most homemade smoke bombs usually employ some type of base powder, such
3903as black powder or pyrodex, to support combustion. The base material will burn
3904well, and provide heat to cause the other materials in the device to burn, but
3905not completely or cleanly. Table sugar, mixed with sulfur and a base material,
3906produces large amounts of smoke. Sawdust, especially if it has a small amount
3907of oil in it, and a base powder works well also. Other excellent smoke
3908ingredients are small pieces of rubber, finely ground plastics, and many
3909chemical mixtures. The material in road flares can be mixed with sugar and
3910sulfur and a base powder produces much smoke. Most of the fuel-oxodizer
3911mixtures, if the ratio is not correct, produce much smoke when added to a base
3912powder. The list of possibilities goes on and on. The trick to a successful
3913smoke bomb also lies in the container used. A plastic cylinder works well, and
3914contributes to the smoke produced. The hole in the smoke bomb where the fuse
3915enters must be large enough to allow the material to burn without causing an
3916explosion. This is another plus for plastic containers, since they will melt
3917and burn when the smoke material ignites, producing an opening large enough to
3918prevent an explosion.
3919
3920
39217.2 COLORED FLAMES
3922
3923 Colored flames can often be used as a signaling device for terrorists.
3924by putting a ball of colored flame material in a rocket; the rocket, when the
3925ejection charge fires, will send out a burning colored ball. The materials that
3926produce the different colors of flames appear below.
3927
3928
3929COLOR MATERIAL USED IN
3930ÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
3931_______________________________________________________________________________
3932red strontium road flares,
3933 salts red sparklers
3934 (strontium nitrate)
3935_______________________________________________________________________________
3936green barium salts green sparklers
3937 (barium nitrate)
3938_______________________________________________________________________________
3939yellow sodium salts gold sparklers
3940 (sodium nitrate)
3941_______________________________________________________________________________
3942blue powdered copper blue sparklers,
3943 old pennies
3944_______________________________________________________________________________
3945white powdered magnesium firestarters,
3946 or aluminum aluminum foil
3947_______________________________________________________________________________
3948purple potassium permanganate purple fountains,
3949 treating sewage
3950ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
39567.3 TEAR GAS
3957
3958 A terrorist who could make tear gas or some similar compound could use
3959it with ease against a large number of people. Tear gas is fairly complicated
3960to make, however, and this prevents such individuals from being able to utilize
3961its great potential for harm. One method for its preparation is shown below.
3962
3963 EQUIPMENT
3964 _________
3965
3966 1. ring stands (2)
3967 2. alcohol burner
3968 3. erlenmeyer flask, 300 ml
3969 4. clamps (2)
3970 5. rubber stopper
3971 6. glass tubing
3972 7. clamp holder
3973 8. condenser
3974 9. rubber tubing
3975 10. collecting flask
3976 11. air trap
3977 12. beaker, 300 ml
3978
3979
3980 MATERIALS
3981 _________
3982
3983 10 gms glycerine
3984
3985 2 gms sodium bisulfate
3986
3987 distilled water
3988
3989
39901.) In an open area, wearing a gas mask, mix 10 gms of glycerine with 2 gms
3991 of sodium bisulfate in the 300 ml erlenmeyer flask.
3992
39932.) Light the alcohol burner, and gently heat the flask.
3994
39953.) The mixture will begin to bubble and froth; these bubbles are tear gas.
3996
39974.) When the mixture being heated ceases to froth and generate gas, or a brown
3998 residue becomes visible in the tube, the reaction is complete. Remove the
3999 heat source, and dispose of the heated mixture, as it is corrosive.
4000
40015.) The material that condenses in the condenser and drips into the collecting
4002 flask is tear gas. It must be capped tightly, and stored in a safe place.
4003
4004
40057.4 FIREWORKS
4006
4007
4008 While fireworks cannot really be used as an effective means of terror,
4009they do have some value as distractions or incendiaries. There are several
4010basic types of fireworks that can be made in the home, whether for fun, profit,
4011or nasty uses.
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
40227.41 FIRECRACKERS
4023
4024
4025 A simple firecracker can be made from cardboard tubing and epoxy.
4026The instructions are below:
4027
4028 1) Cut a small piece of cardboard tubing from the tube you are using.
4029 "Small" means anything less than 4 times the diameter of the tube.
4030
4031 2) Set the section of tubing down on a piece of wax paper, and fill
4032 it with epoxy and the drying agent to a height of 3/4 the diameter
4033 of the tubing. Allow the epoxy to dry to maximum hardness, as
4034 specified on the package.
4035
4036 3) When it is dry, put a small hole in the middle of the tube, and
4037 insert a desired length of fuse.
4038
4039 4) Fill the tube with any type of flame-sensitive explosive. Flash
4040 powder, pyrodex, black powder, potassium picrate, lead azide,
4041 nitrocellulose, or any of the fast burning fuel-oxodizer mixtures
4042 will do nicely. Fill the tube almost to the top.
4043
4044 5) Pack the explosive tightly in the tube with a wad of tissue paper
4045 and a pencil or other suitable ramrod. Be sure to leave enough space
4046 for more epoxy.
4047
4048 6) Fill the remainder of the tube with the epoxy and hardener, and allow
4049 it to dry.
4050
4051 7) For those who wish to make spectacular firecrackers, always use
4052 flash powder, mixed with a small amount of other material for
4053 colors. By crushing the material on a sparkler, and adding it
4054 to the flash powder, the explosion will be the same color as the
4055 sparkler. By adding small chunks of sparkler material, the
4056 device will throw out colored burning sparks, of the same color
4057 as the sparkler. By adding powdered iron, orange sparks will
4058 be produced. White sparks can be produced from magnesium shavings,
4059 or from small, LIGHTLY crumpled balls of aluminum foil.
4060
4061 Example: Suppose I wish to make a firecracker that will explode
4062 with a red flash, and throw out white sparks. First,
4063 I would take a road flare, and finely powder the material
4064 inside it. Or, I could take a red sparkler, and finely
4065 powder it. Then, I would mix a small amount of this
4066 material with the flash powder. (NOTE: FLASH POWDER
4067 MAY REACT WITH SOME MATERIALS THAT IT IS MIXED WITH, AND
4068 EXPLODE SPONTANEOUSLY!) I would mix it in a ratio of
4069 9 parts flash powder to 1 part of flare or sparkler
4070 material, and add about 15 small balls of aluminum foil
4071 I would store the material in a plastic bag overnight
4072 outside of the house, to make sure that the stuff doesn't
4073 react. Then, in the morning, I would test a small amount
4074 of it, and if it was satisfactory, I would put it in the
4075 firecracker.
4076
4077 8) If this type of firecracker is mounted on a rocket engine,
4078 professional to semi-professional displays can be produced.
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
40887.42 SKYROCKETS
4089
4090
4091 An impressive home made skyrocket can easily be made in the home from
4092model rocket engines. Estes engines are recommended.
4093
4094 1) Buy an Estes Model Rocket Engine of the desired size, remembering
4095 that the power doubles with each letter. (See sect. 6.1 for details)
4096
4097 2) Either buy a section of body tube for model rockets that exactly
4098 fits the engine, or make a tube from several thicknesses of paper
4099 and glue.
4100
4101 3) Scrape out the clay backing on the back of the engine, so that
4102 the powder is exposed. Glue the tube to the engine, so that the
4103 tube covers at least half the engine. Pour a small charge of
4104 flash powder in the tube, about 1/2 an inch.
4105
4106 4) By adding materials as detailed in the section on firecrackers,
4107 various types of effects can be produced.
4108
4109 5) By putting Jumping Jacks or bottle rockets without the stick
4110 in the tube, spectacular displays with moving fireballs or
4111 M.R.V.'s can be produced.
4112
4113 6) Finally, by mounting many home made firecrackers on the tube with
4114 the fuses in the tube, multiple colored bursts can be made.
4115
4116
41177.43 ROMAN CANDLES
4118
4119 Roman candles are impressive to watch. They are relatively difficult
4120to make, compared to the other types of home-made fireworks, but they are
4121well worth the trouble.
4122
4123 1) Buy a 1/2 inch thick model rocket body tube, and reinforce it
4124 with several layers of paper and/or masking tape. This must
4125 be done to prevent the tube from exploding. Cut the tube into
4126 about 10 inch lengths.
4127
4128 2) Put the tube on a sheet of wax paper, and seal one end with epoxy
4129 and the drying agent. About 1/2 of an inch is sufficient.
4130
4131 3) Put a hole in the tube just above the bottom layer of epoxy,
4132 and insert a desired length of water proof fuse. Make sure that
4133 the fuse fits tightly.
4134
4135 4) Pour about 1 inch of pyrodex or gunpowder down the open end of the
4136 tube.
4137
4138 5) Make a ball by powdering about two 6 inch sparklers of the desired
4139 color. Mix this powder with a small amount of flash powder and
4140 a small amount of pyrodex, to have a final ratio (by volume) of
4141 60% sparkler material / 20% flash powder / 20% pyrodex. After
4142 mixing the powders well, add water, one drop at a time, and mixing
4143 continuously, until a damp paste is formed. This paste should
4144 be moldable by hand, and should retain its shape when left alone.
4145 Make a ball out of the paste that just fits into the tube. Allow
4146 the ball to dry.
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154 6) When it is dry, drop the ball down the tube. It should slide down
4155 fairly easily. Put a small wad of tissue paper in the tube, and pack
4156 it gently against the ball with a pencil.
4157
4158 7) When ready to use, put the candle in a hole in the ground, pointed
4159 in a safe direction, light the fuse, and run. If the device works,
4160 a colored fireball should shoot out of the tube to a height of
4161 about 30 feet. This height can be increased by adding a slightly
4162 larger powder charge in step 4, or by using a slightly longer tube.
4163
4164 8) If the ball does not ignite, add slightly more pyrodex in step 5.
4165
4166 9) The balls made for roman candles also function very well in rockets,
4167 producing an effect of falling colored fireballs.
4168
4169
4170
41718.0 LISTS OF SUPPLIERS AND MORE INFORMATION
4172
4173
4174 Most, if not all, of the information in this publication can be obtained
4175 through a public or university library. There are also many publications that
4176are put out by people who want to make money by telling other people how to
4177make explosives at home. Adds for such appear frequently in paramilitary
4178magazines and newspapers. This list is presented to show the large number of
4179places that information and materials can be purchased from. It also includes
4180fireworks companies and the like.
4181
4182
4183COMPANY NAME AND ADDRESS WHAT COMPANY SELLS
4184ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
4185
4186 FULL AUTO CO. INC. EXPLOSIVE RECIPES,
4187 P.O. BOX 1881 PAPER TUBING
4188 MURFREESBORO, TN
4189 37133
4190_______________________________________________________________________________
4191
4192 UNLIMITED CHEMICALS AND FUSE
4193 BOX 1378-SN
4194 HERMISTON, OREGON
4195 97838
4196_______________________________________________________________________________
4197
4198 AMERICAN FIREWORKS NEWS FIREWORKS NEWS MAGAZINE WITH
4199 SR BOX 30 SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES
4200 DINGMAN'S FERRY, PENNSYLVANIA
4201 18328
4202_______________________________________________________________________________
4203
4204 BARNETT INTERNATIONAL INC. BOWS, CROSSBOWS, ARCHERY MATERIALS,
4205 125 RUNNELS STREET AIR RIFLES
4206 P.O. BOX 226
4207 PORT HURON, MICHIGAN
4208 48060
4209_______________________________________________________________________________
4210
4211 CROSSMAN AIR GUNS AIR GUNS
4212 P.O. BOX 22927
4213 ROCHESTER, NEW YORK
4214 14692
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220_______________________________________________________________________________
4221
4222 EXECUTIVE PROTECTION PRODUCTS INC. TEAR GAS GRENADES,
4223 316 CALIFORNIA AVE. PROTECTION DEVICES
4224 RENO, NEVADA
4225 89509
4226_______________________________________________________________________________
4227
4228 BADGER FIREWORKS CO. INC. CLASS "B" AND "C" FIREWORKS
4229 BOX 1451
4230 JANESVILLE, WISCONSIN
4231 53547
4232_______________________________________________________________________________
4233
4234 NEW ENGLAND FIREWORKS CO. INC. CLASS "C" FIREWORKS
4235 P.O. BOX 3504
4236 STAMFORD, CONNECTICUTT
4237 06095
4238_______________________________________________________________________________
4239
4240 RAINBOW TRAIL CLASS "C" FIREWORKS
4241 BOX 581
4242 EDGEMONT, PENNSYLVANIA
4243 19028
4244_______________________________________________________________________________
4245
4246 STONINGTON FIREWORKS INC. CLASS "C" AND "B" FIREWORKS
4247 4010 NEW WILSEY BAY U.25 ROAD
4248 RAPID RIVER, MICHIGAN
4249 49878
4250_______________________________________________________________________________
4251
4252 WINDY CITY FIREWORKS INC. CLASS "C" AND "B" FIREWORKS
4253 P.O. BOX 11 (GOOD PRICES!)
4254 ROCHESTER, INDIANNA
4255 46975
4256_______________________________________________________________________________
4257
4258
4259BOOKS
4260ÄÄÄÄÄ
4261
4262THE ANARCHIST'S COOKBOOK
4263
4264THE IMPROVISED MUNITIONS MANUAL
4265
4266MILITARY EXPLOSIVES
4267
4268FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
42869.0 CHECKLIST FOR RAIDS ON LABS
4287
4288 In the end, the serious terrorist would probably realize that if he/she
4289wishes to make a truly useful explosive, he or she will have to steal the
4290chemicals to make the explosive from a lab. A list of such chemicals in order
4291of priority would probably resemble the following:
4292
4293 LIQUIDS SOLIDS
4294 _______ ______
4295
4296 ____ Nitric Acid ____ Potassium Perchlorate
4297 ____ Sulfuric Acid ____ Potassium Chlorate
4298 ____ 95% Ethanol ____ Picric Acid (usually a powder)
4299 ____ Toluene ____ Ammonium Nitrate
4300 ____ Perchloric Acid ____ Powdered Magnesium
4301 ____ Hydrochloric Acid ____ Powdered Aluminum
4302
4303 ____ Potassium Permanganate
4304 ____ Sulfur
4305 ____ Mercury
4306 ____ Potassium Nitrate
4307 ____ Potassium Hydroxide
4308 ____ Phosphorus
4309 ____ Sodium Azide
4310 ____ Lead Acetate
4311 ____ Barium Nitrate
4312
4313
431410.0 USEFUL PYROCHEMISTRY
4315
4316 In general, it is possible to make many chemicals from just a few basic
4317ones. A list of useful chemical reactions is presented. It assumes knowledge
4318of general chemistry; any individual who does not understand the following
4319reactions would merely have to read the first five chapters of a high school
4320chemistry book.
4321
4322
43231. potassium perchlorate from perchloric acid and potassium hydroxide
4324 K(OH) + HClO ----> KClO + H O
4325 4 4 2
4326
43272. potassium nitrate from nitric acid and potassium hydroxide
4328 " + HNO ----> KNO + "
4329 3 3
4330
43313. ammonium perchlorate from perchloric acid and ammonium hydroxide
4332 NH OH + HClO ----> NH ClO + "
4333 3 4 3 4
4334
43354. ammonium nitrate from nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide
4336 NH OH + HNO ----> NH NO + "
4337 3 3 3 3
4338
43395. powdered aluminum from acids, aluminum foil, and magnesium
4340
4341A. aluminum foil + 6HCl ----> 2AlCl + 3H
4342 3 2
4343
4344B. 2AlCl (aq) + 3Mg ----> 3MgCl (aq) + 2Al
4345 3 2
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352 The Al will be a very fine silvery powder at the bottom of the container
4353which must be filtered and dried. This same method works with nitric and
4354sulfuric acids, but these acids are too valuable in the production of high
4355explosives to use for such a purpose, unless they are available in great excess.
4356
4357
435811.0 ABOUT THE AUTHOR
4359
4360
4361 The author, who wishes his name to be unknown, is presently attending
4362a college in the United States of America, majoring in Engineering. He was
4363raised by his parents on the East Coast, and received his high school education
4364there. He first became interested in pyrotechnics when he was about eight years
4365of age. At age twelve, he produced his first explosive device; it was slightly
4366more powerful than a large firecracker. He continued to produce explosive
4367devices for several years. He also became interested in model rocketry, and has
4368built several rockets from kits, and designed his own rockets. While in high
4369school, the author became affiliated with CHAOS, and eventually became the
4370head of Gunzenbomz Pyro-Technologies. At this time, at age 18, he produced
4371his first high explosive device, putting a 1 foot deep crater in an associate's
4372back yard. He had also produced many types of rockets, explosive ammunition,
4373and other pyrotechnic devices. While he was heading Gunzenbomz Pyro-
4374Technologies, he was injured when a home made device exploded in his hand; he
4375did not make the device. The author learned, however, and then decided to
4376reform, and although he still constructs an occasional explosive device, he
4377chooses to abstain from their production. An occasional rocket that produces
4378effects similar to that of professional displays can sometimes be seen in the
4379midnight sky near his college, and the Fourth of July is still his favorite day
4380of the year.
4381
4382
4383 Pax et Discordia,
4384
4385 the Author
4386
4387
4388HERE ENDS THE FIRST PUBLICATION OF THE TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK. THIS IS THE ONLY
4389AUTHORIZED PUBLICATION, AND THE SOLE PRODUCTION RIGHTS BELONG TO CHAOS
4390INDUSTRIES AND GUNZENBOMZ PYRO-TECHNOLOGIES.