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2SOURCE: https://groups.google.com/forum/?_escaped_fragment_=msg/alt.politics.org.cia/vlpzzHE82D8/tDQtPOqZMU4J#!msg/alt.politics.org.cia/vlpzzHE82D8/tDQtPOqZMU4J
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4
5600 page report on CIA Drug Traffick
6Ralph McGehee 	Apr 23, 1998 12:00 AM
7Posted in group: alt.politics.org.cia
8
9Re queries:
10
11   As far as I know the 600-page report has not yet been released to Congress
12-- it is classified and may never be released to the public.
13
14   The 16 March 1998 hearing report is entitled: HEARING OF THE SENATE SELECT
15INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE. SUBJECT: CIA INVOLVEMENT IN DRUG TRAFFICKING.
16
17Ralph McGehee
18CIABASE
19----------------------------------------------------------
20   Listed below is a heavily edited compilation (about 2/3 of the entries
21deleted for brevities sake) from CIABASE re CIA and drugs.  This is being
22posted now in anticipation that the CIA's 600-page report will eventually
23be passed to Congress as promised.
24
25   Congressional testimony by the CIA's Inspector General in the mid-March
261998 hearing admitted that the CIA used in its Contra operations, dozens of
27assets and agents; and, companies -- a number of whom smuggled drugs into the
28United States.
29
30   Dissemination of the 600-page classified report to Congress apparently
31has been delayed or postponed due to the CIA's fear of public reaction to
32this official documentation of its role in the drug traffic.
33
34Ralph McGehee
35CIABASE
36
37--------------------------------------------------
38Extracts from CIABASE:
39
40Drugs
41
42  CIA responsible beginning 1969 for coordinating all clandestine intel re
43  drugs. rockefeller commission report. (1975). Report on CIA activities
44  within the U.S. 221-224
45
46  50-90  CIA assigned minus-zero to narcotics. Agency has its philosophy
47  geared to communist threat. "it didn't give rats ass about opium." corn, d.
48  (1994). blond ghost: ted shackley and the CIA's crusades 274
49
50  Costa Rica,  84-87  despite widespread drug trafficking there was not a
51  single case against a drug trafficker which was made on the basis of a tip or
52  report by an official of a U.S. intel agency. drugs, law enforcement and
53  foreign policy, report by senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 122
54
55  Costa Rica,  89  Lt. Col. North, Secord, Poindexter, Tambs and former CIA
56  station chief Fernandez declared persona non grata because their activities
57  led to the establishing of narcotics nets. The Nation 12/18/89 742
58
59  Central America,  84-88  from early 84 to fall of 86, North directed a
60  clandestine resupply operation "project democracy" which used a military
61  airbase in El Salvador to fly weapons and supplies to the contras. for a
62  year the DEA agent castillo investigated it. North's personal notebooks
63  subpoenaed by congress contained one entry, for 7/12/85, "$14 million to
64  finance came from drugs." Castillo, C. (1994). Powderburns 17,141
65
66  47-89  I am absolutely convinced that we have...had various branches of
67  our government - CIA, etc. - who have operated, who have worked with drug
68  traffickers for various geopolitical reasons, etc. that is absolutely
69  intolerable. "we gave up the drug war in favor of a war against communism.
70  in fact we made a conscious choice." (senator d'amato). marshall, j.
71  (1991). Drug Wars 35
72
73  Nicaragua, Colombia,  89  Reagan administration repeatedly undercut law
74  enforcement efforts against Colombian drug cartels to support its contra
75  aid policy according to report released by sen john kerry (d-ma) on 20
76  april 89. four companies owned and operated by drug traffickers received
77  $800,401 from state dept to supply contras in 1986. companies were
78  setoc/hondu carib, frigorificos de puntarenas, diacsa and vortex, directed
79  respectively by juan ramon mata ballestros, ramon milian rodriguez, alfredo
80  caballero and michael b. palmer. note: only 200 copies of report were
81  issued by senate subcommittee on narcotics, terrorism and international
82  operations. intelligence newsletter 4/26/89 3
83
84  from circa  60-70  CIA used approximately 150 cubans to watch and compile
85  files on other cubans and americans in contact with them. other refugees
86  picketted foreign consulates in new york and miami and waged a boycott of
87  products manufactured by countries that traded with cuba. op carried out
88  with knowledge and consent of fbi. ops in miami, new york, san juan, los
89  angeles. about 150 informants in a special counterintel office here. office
90  based originally in miami later moved to coral gables, fort lauderdale and
91  pompano beach. if detained by miami police, someone would contact police
92  and they immediately released. this op an outgrowth of op 40 to set up
93  parent intel agency in cuba after the expected overthrow of castro. it had
94  a budget of about 2 million, not including logistical support, which
95  included private aircraft. op began winding down after crash in
96  S. CALIFORNIA. in wreck police found several kilograms of cocaine and
97  heroin. New York Times 1/4/75
98
99  from about  48-91  CIA involved in drug traffic at 3 levels: 1)
100  coincidental complicity thru covert alliances with groups actively engaged
101  in drugs; 2) support of traffic by covering up for drug lord allies; 3)
102  active engagement in transport of opium and heroin. from Burma's opium
103  traffic in 50s and growth of golden triangle in sea in 60s and 70s U.S.
104  role a catalyst. in 5/80 dr. david musto, angry. in late 77 he on carter's
105  w.h. strategy council on drug abuse. next two years CIA and other intel
106  agencies denied council access to all classified info on drug traffic. CIA
107  lied about dollar role of drugs. dr. joyce lowinson another council member
108  in nyt op-ed criticized policy. both musto and lowinson worried about drugs
109  in afghanistan and pakistan. DEA investigated surge of drugs from southern
110  asia. drug traffic in U.S. in large part due to failure DEA's interdiction
111  and CIA's covert ops. CIA ops transformed southern asia to major supplier
112  of world heroin. by 88 there an estimated 100 to 200 heroin refineries in
113  kyber district alone. trucks from pakistani army's logistics with CIA arms
114  often returned loaded with heroin - protected with papers from pakistan's
115  isi. DEA said 40 significant narcotics syndicates in pakistan. annual
116  earnings $8 to 10 billion. pro 7/91 20-26. info from alfred mccoy's adapted
117  from book, politics of heroin: CIA complicity in global drug trade, a
118  revised edition to be pub in july 91
119
120  50-92  "the big white lie: the deep cover operation that exposed CIA
121  sabotage of the drug war" by michael levine with laura kavanau-levine 1993
122  thunder's mouth press. on his resignation, kerry's chief investigator, jack
123  blum, said, "i am sick to DEAth of the truths that cannot be spoken." as a
124  25-year veteran undercover agent for DEA working deep-cover drug cases from
125  bangkok to buenos aires, i was witness to the most scandalous of these
126  truths. CIA would have us believe their protection of drug DEAlers for past
127  two decades - from heroin-producing tribes of southeast asia to the
128  cocaine-dealing Nicaraguan contras - was well-meaning and in the interests
129  of national security. enter the inner sanctum of the biggest, whitest,
130  DEAdliest lie of them all - the war on drugs. fortfan aol.com 10/20/96
131
132  76-89  a classified memo of understanding between DEA and CIA gives CIA
133  primary responsibility for the use of foreign drug informants. marshall, j.
134  (1991). Drug Wars 36
135
136  80-97  "Raging Waters," re congresswoman Maxine Waters and her
137  investigation of CIA crack cocaine in poor neighborhoods. george 10/97
138
139  80-98  CIA acknowledged that cocaine traffickers played a significant
140  early role in the Nicaraguan contra movement and it intervened to block an
141  image-threatening 1984 federal inquiry into a cocaine ring with suspected
142  links to the contras. CIA also admitted that it received intel from a
143  law-enforcement agency as early as 1982 that a U.S. religious group was
144  collaborating with the contras in a guns-for-drugs op. the admissions are
145  buried in a 1/29/98 report. in the report's volume one, entitled "the
146  california story," CIA inspector general hitz reasserts CIA contentions
147  that key figures from the crack ring did not have direct ties to the CIA
148  and that their donations to the contra cause were relatively small. toward
149  the end of the report, the CIA includes broad admissions that many of
150  webb's contentions were not only true, but understated the contra-cocaine
151  connection. the consortium 2/16/98
152
153  80-99  stewart a. baker, former general-counsel of nsa, in dec issue of
154  foreign policy magazine, "should spies be cops," looks at strenuous
155  struggle among federal agencies that operate at intersection of law
156  enforcement and intel gathering. since end of cold war and growth of
157  transnational organized crime, it is harder to distinguish between targets
158  of law enforcement and national security. baker reports serious risks to
159  civil liberties and threats to foreign intel sources and methods grow
160  exponentially. distinction may erode even further. BNDD now DEA found
161  people they sought to bust had been recruited by CIA - that was content to
162  leave them in place as long as they got intel. in book "the big white lie,"
163  by michael levine he charges in early 80s, CIA protected bolivia's
164  cocaine-running dictator gen. luis garcia meza and his interior minister as
165  well as their drug baron patrons. venezuela anti-drug unit funded by CIA
166  revealed to have smuggled more than 2000 pounds of cocaine into U.S. with
167  CIA knowledge. drugs sold on the streets. long-time CIA asset vladimiro
168  montesinos, is now behind autocratic gvt of president fujimori. in mexico,
169  CIA had fecund relationship with now dissolved federal security directorate
170  (dfs), responsible for much drug-trafficking and other state-protected
171  crime. emmanuel constant DEAth squad mainstay for haiti's ousted military
172  regime was on CIA's payroll. Washington Times 12/19/94 a25
173
174  81-97  editorial, CIA, crack, the media. The Nation 6/2/97 3-4
175
176  83-92  at an international conference former DEA officer, michael levine,
177  claimed he listened as speakers from many nations lambasted U.S. war on
178  drugs as fraudulent, phony, totally ineffective, as an excuse to invade
179  other countries, as epitome of hypocrisy with american politicians and
180  bureaucrats routinely consorting with biggest drug DEAlers and only
181  prosecuting those without political power. extra 3/93 19-21
182
183  90-96  a former DEA agent has filed a federal class action suit against
184  the CIA, NSA and state department for unlawfully spying on him and other
185  unnamed DEA employees. lawsuit, filed 9/12/96 in federal district court in
186  washington, d.c., claims the illegal electronic surveillance and
187  eavesdropping of DEA agents has been going on all over and has subverted
188  crucial DEA activities. richard horn, a 23-year veteran of the DEA who
189  currently serves as a group supervisor in field division in new orleans, is
190  the only agent named in the class action suit. in 1994, horn had filed a
191  lawsuit charging the former U.S. charge d' affairs for Burma and Burma CIA
192  chief of station with violating his civil rights by spying on him during
193  his tour of duty in rangoon, Burma. the defendants in that suit have
194  successfully sought delays claiming, in part, that the suit threatens
195  national security interests. horn, 49, served in Burma in 1992 and 1993.
196  pacific news service 9/12/96
197
198  90-96  statement of jack blum, once special counsel to the senate foreign
199  relations committee. testimony before the senate select committee on intel,
200  10/23/96
201
202  90-97  alleged CIA link could tangle miami drug trial. U.S. prosecutors
203  say subject helped smuggle drugs into the U.S. while his boss, a general
204  also now wanted on U.S. drugs charges, allegedly worked for CIA. adolfo
205  romero gomez charged. centerpiece of the indictment charges romero was that
206  his boss, gen. ramon guillen davila, who later claimed to be a CIA
207  operative, smuggled up to 22 tons of cocaine into the U.S. while he was
208  chief of venezuela's national guard anti-drug bureau between 1987 and 1991.
209  the former head of venezuela's national guard has acknowledged that he
210  helped ship 2.3 tons of cocaine through venezuela, but he said it was part
211  of an op sanctioned by the CIA that targeted Colombian drug cartel leaders.
212  reuter 9/15/97
213
214  91-92  CIA established counternarcotics center, or cnc. an analytic
215  non-operational intel center. perry, m. (1992). eclipse: the last days of
216  the CIA 15
217
218  92 DEA to expand ops in cocaine-growing nations. Washington Times 7/6/92
219  a10
220
221  92-93  DEA may have as many as 1000 fbi agents transferred to DEA.
222  intelligence newsletter 121/93 4
223
224  92-93  now CIA developing agents in cali and medellin cartels. CIA helped
225  organize 89 ambush of drug kingpin jose gonzalo rodriguez gacha who killed
226  in firefight with Colombian police. newsweek 4/12/93 31
227
228  92  conference held in paris of "drugs: the new world disorder."
229  presentations by former DEA agent michael levine, alfred mccoy, alan block,
230  and jack blum. conference centered on drug trafficking and money
231  laundering. intelligence newsletter 12/17/92 1,5
232
233  92  DEA faulted on computer security. DEA commo equipment operator got
234  info from DEA's database, narcotics and dangerous drug info system (naddis)
235  and gave it to a drug trafficker under investigation. other cases. jack
236  anderson Washington Post 10/19/92 d11
237
238  94  fake DEA bank stings cali cartel. DEA convinced cali cartel it an
239  offshore bank willing to launder money. it laundered $52 million in op
240  dinero. other DEA op - foxhunt. Washington Post 12/17/94 a1,9
241
242  94  justice and treasury departments to end turf wars have agreed to give
243  1,100 U.S. customs service agents extended authority to conduct
244  international drug smuggling investigations. now customs with strict
245  reporting requirements with DEA, can conduct in-country investigations
246  arising out of border and ports-of-entry enforcement. Washington Post
247  8/11/94 a29
248
249  95  CIA discovered a transshipment company was being used by rodriguez
250  orejuela and worked with DEA and police to intercept 5.5 tons of cocaine.
251  per Agency, CIA is involved in more than a dozen similar ops a year. ap
252  6/28/95
253
254  a.g. thornburgh summoned to court to explain why gvt abandoned settlement
255  involving a drug-laden plane leased to U.S. agents and the contras. pilot
256  michael tolliver testified he flew arms to contras and illegal drugs back
257  to U.S. Washington Post 3/21/90 a19
258
259  according to the author of "the big white lie," michael levine, war on
260  drugs is biggest, whitest, and Deadliest" lie ever perpetrated on U.S.
261  citizens. as a 25-year agent for DEA, levine worked deep-cover drug cases
262  from bangkok to buenos aires... in big white lie, levine leads reader
263  through the odyssey of over a decade of undercover work as he lived it -
264  repeating verbatim conversations...levine tells how the beautiful south
265  american "queen of cocaine" seduced CIA into protecting her from
266  prosecution as she sold drugs to americans; how pro-bolivian ruling party
267  was overthrown, its members tortured and killed by CIA-sponsored
268  paramilitary terrorists; and how CIA created "la corporacion," the general
269  motors of cocaine which led directly to current cocaine/crack epidemic. big
270  white lie book jacket cover
271
272  afghanistan,  79-90  mujaheddin commanders inside afghanistan control huge
273  fields opium poppies and reap harvest of as much as four million pounds
274  opium a year. by 89 afghanistan and pakistan produced as much heroin as
275  rest of world combined. weiner, t. (1990). blank check: the pentagon's
276  black budget 151-152
277
278  afghanistan,  81-83   tribal groups we supporting increased cross-border
279  sales opium. afghanistan opium crop, refined in pakistan, now dominates
280  heroin market in eastern U.S. peterzell, j. (1984). Reagan's secret wars 19
281
282  afghanistan. afghan rebels heroin ops. discussion of in counterspy 5/84 7
283
284  afghanistan. drug enforcement Agency acknowledging rebels financing war in
285  part with proceeds of opium. DEA estimates 4 to 4 and half tons heroin
286  smuggled into U.S. annually. counterspy 5/84 7
287
288  afghanistan,  82  sales of opium fund afghan afghan rebels. the DEA said
289  52% of the heroin brought into the U.S. last year is believed to have come
290  from the area of afghanistan, pakistan and iran. U.S. policy contradictory
291  it wants to fight the drug traffic and to drive the ussr out of
292  afghanistan. 250 to 300 tons opium were produced in afghanistan in  81
293  that quantity could be converted into 25 to 30 tons of heroin. processing
294  done in pakistan. drug traffickers in U.S. import 4 to 4 1/2 tons of heroin
295  a year. Washington Post 12/17/83
296
297  afghanistan,  86-90  a billion dollar trade in drugs, arms, and smuggled
298  goods provided the material basis for the jihad. the progressive 5/90 27-30
299
300  afghanistan,  86  a dos report describes afghanistan and the bordering
301  tribal areas of pakistan as "the world's leading source of illicit heroin
302  exports to the us and europe. the sale of this opium plays an important
303  part in the finances of the CIA-backed afghan rebels. nyt 6/20/86 from
304  intel parapolitics 9/86 p7
305
306  afghanistan,  89  adm dickering over how best to arm the mujahedeen. areas
307  controlled by them include some of the most fertile centers of opium
308  production. dos report circa 3/89 said afghanistan produced 700 to 800
309  metric tons of opium 88, most from territory held by rebels. rep bill
310  mccollum hit CIA over handling of mujahedeen and working thru pakistan's
311  intel service. The Nation 10/16/89 412
312
313  afghanistan,  89  the fight for control of prime poppy-growing areas near
314  pakistan has undercut mujahedin efforts to topple the afghan gvt according
315  to dos officials. newsweek 9/18/89 4
316
317  afghanistan,  92  per state dept big opium crop goes beyond 300 to 400 tons
318  - 500 tons probable. intelligence newsletter 5/28/92 7
319
320  afghanistan,  97  afghan fields already grow half of the world's 1998
321  opium. opium was a minor afghan crop until war and drought disrupted
322  supplies from the golden triangle in the 1970s. Washington Times 11/30/97
323  a11
324
325  afghanistan, iran, pakistan. (golden crescent) accounts for 75% all heroin
326  in U.S.in  83   4.5 tons heroin came to u.s from golden crescent. covert
327  action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 87 11
328
329  afghanistan, pakistan,  80-90  17 DEA agents assigned to U.S. embassy in
330  islamabad. DEA reports identified 40 significant narcotics syndicates in
331  pakistan. despite high quality DEA intel, not a major syndicate
332  investigated by pakistani police in a decade. hekmatyar himself controlled
333  six heroin refineries. without fear of arrest heroin DEAlers began
334  exporting product to europe an america, capturing more than 50% of both
335  markets. when pakistani police picked up hamid hasnain, v.p. of gvt's habib
336  bank, they found in his briefcase the personal records of president zia.
337  phc 455 blatant official corruption continued until gen zia's DEAth in an
338  air crash. typical of misinfo that blocked any U.S. action against
339  pakistan's heroin trade, the state dept's semi-annual narcotics review in
340  september called gen zia a strong supporter of anti-narcotics activities in
341  pakistan. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the
342  global drug traffic 456
343
344  afghanistan, pakistan,  80-90  pakistan gvt officials involved in drugs,
345  mujaheddin manufacturing heroin, exporting it to europe and U.S. using
346  money to support guerrillas. z magazine 1/91 71
347
348  afghanistan, pakistan,  85-90  U.S. gvt avoids investigating drug trade run
349  by afghan resistance movement. gvt has info re heroin DEAls gulbuddin
350  hekmatjar, leader of mujaheddin but takes no action. barnett rubin of yale
351  university based on Washington Post story: "people attempting research this
352  connection receive hardly any support. our relationship with pakistani
353  military is centerpiece our strategic presence in southern asia and even in
354  the persian gulf." article outlines movement of weapons and drugs via
355  pakistani isi and The National logistic cell (nlc) entirely owned by
356  pakistani army. top secret s/a-90 17-18
357
358  afghanistan, pakistan,  89  as foreign aid declined in 89, afghan leaders
359  expanded opium production to sustain guerrilla armies. a scramble among
360  rival mujaheddin leaders occurred. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of
361  heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 458
362
363  afghanistan, pakistan,  90  see article "U.S. declines to probe afghan drug
364  trade, rebels, pakistani officers implicated." Washington Post 5/13/90
365  a1,29
366
367  aid official in  72  reported "even though the CIA was in fact,
368  facilitating movement of opiates to U.S. they hid behind shield of secrecy
369  and said it done in the interest of national security." national reporter s
370  86 43
371
372  alberto sicilia falcon: miami cuban allegedly trained as a U.S. government
373  agent, who in 1972 emerged as a trafficker of drugs through mexico. scott,
374  p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 262
375
376  alder berriman ("barry") seal: convicted drug smuggler who took photographs
377  allegedly showing sandinista official federico vaughan and Colombian
378  kingpin pablo escobar loading cocaine onto seal's plane. scott, p. &
379  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 262
380
381  alfred mccoy's book, the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global
382  drug trade - review despite some reservations says book is a severe
383  indictment of U.S. drug policy. The Nation 12/30/91 852
384
385  americas,  93  NSC and AG reno and some members congress feel paramilitary
386  war against drugs total waste of money. state, dod, coast guard and customs
387  opposed to NSC's planned reorientation. pentagon had commissioned study,
388  "U.S. army counterdrug support: front end analysis, final report," by mitre
389  corp to provide cost-effective allocation of army resources in effort.
390  intelligence newsletter 10/14/93 5
391
392  an exchange of letters offering differing views re alfred w. mccoy's book,
393  the politics of heroin. comments by mccoy, peter dale scott, dave fratello
394  of the drug policy foundation and michael massing [who had written a nation
395  article somewhat critical of the book]. The Nation 2/17/92 182, 212
396
397  an open letter to members of congress re the link between U.S./cia/policy
398  and drug smugglers in Laos, cambodia, Vietnam, thailand, afghanistan,
399  pakistan, panama, Costa Rica, Honduras and guatemala. unclassified 11/91
400  10-11
401
402  aristides sanchez: contra leader whose relatives supplied cocaine in san
403  francisco frogman case. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics
404  262
405
406  article "noriega crony admits laundering role." gonzalo mora jr. pleaded
407  guilty to $32 million money-laundering scheme. another defendant in case,
408  amjad awan, former official of bcci. Washington Times 1/18/90 a3
409
410  australia, book called "cochin connection" by australian couple brian and
411  alison milgate questions links between asis and drug trade. a DEA official,
412  jerry moore, urged brian milgate to be careful [in testifying] since a
413  number of characters in drug org checked directly back to intel community -
414  the CIA as well as another foreign gvt. if CIA business threatened, he told
415  brian, their wrath would be DEAdlier than what might be expected from the
416  mafia. toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). oyster: the story of the
417  australian secret intelligence service 254
418
419  bahamas,  87  athanasios "tommy" maillis gave testimony in 1987 which
420  implicated bahamian prime minister pindling to a large drug trafficking
421  ring. maillis, who claimed CIA trained him, said he obtained three photos
422  showing pindling with drug trafficker lehder. after showing them to dia he
423  handed them over to CIA - never to be seen again. in his first CIA op,
424  maillis penetrated bahamian banking system to report on financial
425  transactions. eddy, p. (1988). the cocaine wars 117,150-155
426
427  besides his deputy. first slot howard p. hart asked for when he took over
428  couternarcotics center in ddo was a lawyer. kessler, r. (1992). inside the
429  CIA 251
430
431  BNDD: bureau of narcotics and dangerous drugs, which in 1973 became drug
432  enforcement administration (dea). scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine
433  politics 259
434
435  bolivia. luis garcia meza: bolivian general who came to power through 1980
436  cocaine coup; cal conference participant same year. scott, p. & marshall,
437  j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 260
438
439  bolivia. roberto suarz gomez: bolivian cocaine trafficker until arrested 88
440  after falling out with Colombian cartels. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991).
441  Cocaine Politics 262
442
443  bolivia,  78-80  DEA agent michael levine as part of a sting op, paid $9
444  million to jose roberto gasser, of a rich and powerful bolivian family - a
445  family linked to world anti communist league and CIA. he was arrested after
446  leaving bank with alfredo gutierrez, a man in DEA files as one of biggest
447  drug DEAlers in world. soon U.S. attorney general (now prosecuting
448  noriega), michael sullivan, released gasser and within months gutierrez is
449  released. then gasser, roberto suarez, and gasser's father erwin gasser
450  meet with bolivian military and begin to foment a (cocaine) coup, the 80
451  bolivian revolution in which drug DEAlers took over country. during coup
452  people who helped DEA in sting were either exiled, killed or tortured.
453  levine learned that CIA was a supporter of this revolution and that was why
454  gasser was released. z magazine mag 1/92 27-30
455
456  bolivia,  88-91  see article "what war on drugs? troops, not talks in
457  bolivia." the progressive 7/91 27-29
458
459  bolivia,  90-91  president jaime paz zamora signed an agreement with U.S.
460  permitting participation of bolivia's armed forces in anti-cocaine efforts.
461  nacla (magazine re latin america) 7/91 33
462
463  bolivia,  91  gis' drug-war training of bolivian army draws fire.
464  Washington Post 4/23/91 a10
465
466  bolivia, Nicaragua,  88  roberto suarez levy, son of bolivia's cocaine king
467  roberto suarez, stated in 1988 that a cocaine factory in huanchaca was used
468  to finance Nicaraguan contras and was under control of U.S. DEA.
469  intelligence newsletter 11/16/91 6
470
471  bolivia, peru, and Colombia,  89  bush adm new anti-drug campaign designed
472  to bolster ci efforts. will provide $261 million in mostly military and law
473  enforcement aid. U.S. military personnel, including special forces will
474  train and support local forces fighting the traffickers. Washington Post
475  10/19/89 a24
476
477  brazil, ecuador, venezuela,  92  extent of drug activities in those
478  countries unknown due to a lack of info. levels not believed significant
479  compared with those of Colombia, bolivia and peru. countries have limited
480  countering programs and receive limited U.S. support. U.S. general
481  accounting office nsiad-92-226 1
482
483  Burma,  51  after delivering arms to KMT in Burma, an unknown number cat
484  pilots loading KMT opium for return flight to bangkok. one of these, jack
485  killam, was murdered in 51 after an opium DEAl went wrong and was buried in
486  an unmarked grave by CIA agent sherman joost. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the
487  politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 178
488
489  Burma,  67-90  story of khun sa. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of
490  heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 363-382
491
492  Burma,  89  article in newsweek "Burma's money tree: the drug lord uses
493  opium to underwrite antigvt warfare." newsweek 5/15/89 42-3
494
495  Burma,  90-96  article by dennis bernstein and leslie kean, "people of the
496  opiate: Burma's dictatorship of drugs." The Nation 12/16/96 11-17
497
498  Burma,  90  "as burmese opium production rises, U.S. debates resuming
499  anti-drug aid." Washington Post 11/5/90 a17,18
500
501  Burma,  92-93  DEA agent richard horn, now stationed new orleans accused
502  state and CIA officials in Burma of trying to thwart and undermine the
503  DEA's mission in Burma. he charges that franklin "pancho" huddle, jr of
504  state and a CIA agent, had his phone tapped and had him removed from Burma.
505  suit asks damages. Washington Times 10/28/94 a12
506
507  Burma,  93-94  DEA agent richard horn claims CIA and state department
508  forced him out of Burma to play down drug interests over other diplomatic
509  interests. time 11/7/94 50
510
511  Burma,  93-96  increase in burmese opium production in recent years
512  coincides with the takeover in Burma of the state law and order restoration
513  council, a military junta known as slorc. (60 percent of world's opium
514  production of which 92 percent is from Burma.) in "people of the opiate:
515  Burma's dictatorship of drugs," dennis bernstein and leslie kean tell how
516  CIA agents apparently helped slorc. The Nation 12/16/96
517
518  Burma,  94  thousands followers of warlord khun sa face starvation and
519  preparing to flee his base at ho mong. thais sealed (sic) their border
520  under pressure from U.S. Washington Times 10/8/94 a10
521
522  Burma,  96  Burma refuses to extradite opium warlord, khun sa, who
523  surrendered. Washington Times 2/10/96 a9
524
525  Burma, china, Laos,  61-65  after KMT troops chased out of Burma into
526  northwest Laos those that not resettled to taiwan (2,000 to 3,000) KMT
527  regulars were left behind in Laos. CIA hired them to strengthen rightist
528  position. per w. young these troops placed under nominal command of gen
529  phoumi nosavan and became bataillon speciale 111. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the
530  politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 349
531
532  Burma, Laos, thailand, Vietnam,  50-90  american impact on region's drug
533  trade wether cover complicity or active suppression, relied on relations
534  with local allies. since CIA covert ops demand alliances with powerful
535  warlords or tribal leaders who necessarily DEAl in drugs, Agency has
536  repeatedly enmeshed its covert ops with region's opium trade. by investing
537  leaders with the authority of its alliance, CIA provides protection that a
538  drug lord can use to expand his share of traffic. thru alliance he gains
539  access to international transport or commercial contacts that facilitate
540  movement and marketing of drugs. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of
541  heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 385
542
543  Burma, taiwan. within KMT's fractious intel establishment authority over
544  golden triangle under the intel bureau of ministry national defense
545  (ibmnd). this primary opium producing area. by late 70s, drug trade a
546  standard feature of KMT intel. KMT along with china lobby, wacl put out
547  torrent of propaganda asserting china exported huge quantities opium.
548  kaplan, d. (1992). fires of the dragon: politics, murder, and the
549  kuomintang 229,232
550
551  Burma, thailand,  68-90  khun sa, armed by the CIA, trained by the KMT, and
552  protected by the burmese and thai gvts, khun sa has drawn strength from the
553  complicity of powerful states and their intel agencies. if khun sa were to
554  fall, the same forces that empowered him would soon create another opium
555  warlord in his place. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: CIA
556  complicity in the global drug traffic 435
557
558  Burma, thailand,  83  see article "battle of the warlords; at stake: the
559  golden triangle's $800 million opium trade." details of khun sa and his
560  drug ops. time 1/17/83 32
561
562  Burma, thailand,  91  "Burma, thailand battling opium warlord." khun sa is
563  on defensive against attacks by thai military and wa ethnic group.
564  Washington Times 4/15 91 a10
565
566  Burma, thailand, china,  51  in an interview with U.S. ambassador rankin,
567  chinat gen li mi gave a pessimistic account of his [cia-sponsored] ops and
568  showed pressures were leading him into drug trade. during his first
569  invasion of china from 6 june to 15 july 51 his troops rcvd 5 cat airlifts
570  inside yunnan totaling 875 rifles with 40 rounds each and 2000 carbines
571  with 50 rounds. he lost 800 men in pla counterattack. he withdrew with some
572  30,000 to 40,000 able-bodied men. at suggestion of 2 american officers with
573  his forces in Burma he traveled to bangkok for a conference. americans
574  unhappy he had withdrawn. li mi had 4 contacts with gen frank merrill a
575  wartime leader. he instructed li mi to try to bring karens closer to
576  burmese gvt. later merrill stopped contact and money from this channel.
577  mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global
578  drug traffic 171-2
579
580  canada,  95  new drug route to U.S. increased coastal anti-drug measures in
581  the U.S. and comparatively lenient canadian drug penalties have resulted in
582  british columbia, and vancouver in particular, becoming a major north
583  american entry point for golden triangle heroin. once in british columbia,
584  a trek south into idaho, montana or north dakota seems to offer little
585  difficulty. intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published
586  in france 2/13/95 35
587
588  carbbean,  90-98  a businessman has admitted delivering $4.6 million in
589  drug cash, entering a guilty plea in a DEAl that avoids a messy trial for
590  federal prosecutors whose chief witness was a scam artist with possible CIA
591  ties. franco nocito, 50, who runs a new york investment firm with major
592  interests in the caribbean, pleaded guilty earlier to one count of
593  money-laundering. he faces five years in prison. guilty plea means govt
594  won't use a key witness, vincent carrano, who has at least five fraud
595  convictions and has connections to U.S. agents. carrano played both sides
596  in the Nicaragua civil war in 80s. a federal prosecutor helped him avoid
597  prison in a 1986 fraud case, vouching for carrano as an informant. carrano
598  presented problems. he could testify about nocito's drug-cash deliveries
599  for two Colombian suppliers, but his past also exposed him to questions.
600  nocito claimed his involvement in money laundering was prompted by carrano,
601  who assured him that re his CIA connections. carrano, was accused by
602  Nicaragua of working for the CIA. prosecutors said carrano had helped the
603  DEA as part of an op into a Colombian drug network. DEA paid carrano
604  $36,500 for info and also admitted he had kept $265,000 from drug proceeds
605  in 1992. for a while, he cooperated with DEA agents, admitting he made
606  numerous deliveries -- including $1.6 million in houston and $421,000 in
607  miami to an undercover agent. in his plea DEAl, nocito admitted making six
608  deliveries of drug cash totaling $4.6 million. miami herald 3/17/98
609
610  caribbean,  97-98  gao updated report: "cocaine trafficking through the
611  caribbean and eastern pacific regions continues, and drug traffickers are
612  still relying heavily on maritime modes of transportation. recent info
613  shows traffickers are using go-fast boats, fishing vessels, coastal
614  freighters, and other vessels in the caribbean and fishing and cargo
615  vessels with multi-ton loads in the eastern pacific. sources briefings
616  1/16/98
617
618  Central America.  85-87  State used 4 companies owned and operated by
619  narcotics traffickers to supply humanitarian assistance to the contras.
620  companies were: setco air, a company established by honduran drug
621  trafficker ballesteros; diacsa, a miami-based air company; frigorificos de
622  puntaremas; and vortex, an air service used by michael palmer. drugs, law
623  enforcement and foreign policy, report by senate committee on foreign
624  relations, 12/88 p43-48
625
626  Central America. book by peter dale scott and jonathan marshall, "cocaine
627  politics: drugs, armies and the CIA." c. hitchens says this one of most
628  enlightening books of year. article also talks about john hull and costa
629  rica asking for his extradiction. he charged with murder and drug
630  smuggling. The Nation 8/19/91 184
631
632  Central America. francisco "paco" chanes was a partner in miami company
633  called ocean hunter seafood. terrell, j., and martz, r. (1992). disposable
634  patriot 246
635
636  Central America, 87-90  witness says drug lord told of contra arms. (miguel
637  angel felix gallardo was supplying weapons to contras to keep U.S. pressure
638  off his drug smuggling operation). los angeles times * 7/7/90 a1
639
640  Central America,  79-96  role of CIA in cocaine coup in bolivia in 1980 is
641  at least as significant as actions of DEAler oscar danilo blandon. CIA's
642  support for this coup, and their protection of major south american
643  DEAlers, is covered by former DEA agent michael levine in "the big white
644  lie: CIA and cocaine/crack epidemic -- an undercover odyssey" (new york:
645  thunder's mouth press, 1993). celerino castillo iii, another former DEA
646  agent who worked out of guatemala and was in charge of El Salvador, has
647  written about cocaine and contras in El Salvador with coauthor dave harmon
648  in "Powderburns: cocaine, contras and the drug war" (oakville, ontario:
649  mosaic press, sundial, 1994). both former DEA agents accuse CIA of
650  complicity in drug trade. this is story that needs to be investigated by
651  congress. dbrandt crl.com 10/22/96
652
653  Central America,  80-97  allegations of connections between CIA and the
654  contras in cocaine trafficking to the united states (96-0143-ig) volume i:
655  the california story office of inspector general investigations staff
656  1/29/88 see http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/cocaine/index.html
657
658  Central America,  80-98  per the inspector general's report, CIA maintained
659  contact with drug traffickers supporting contra Nicaraguan rebels in the
660  1980s. "dozens of people and a number of companies..." were involved in
661  drug trafficking. that trafficking involved bringing drugs into the U.S.
662  the information, will be detailed in a 600-page classified report scheduled
663  to be sent to congress later this month. the ig also said that under an
664  agreement in 1982 between then-attorney general william french smith and
665  the CIA, Agency officers were not required to report allegations of drug
666  trafficking involving non-employees -- defined as meaning paid and non-paid
667  "assets [meaning agents], pilots who ferried supplies to the contras, as
668  well as contra officials and others." this policy was modified in 1986 when
669  CIA was prohibited from paying "U.S. dollars" (emphasis added) to any
670  individual or company found to be involved in drug DEAling. rep. dicks,
671  ranking democrat on the intel panel, called for more hearings, including
672  possible testimony from Oliver l. North. Washington Post 3/17/98 a12
673
674  Central America,  81-85  DEA behind a film called doublecrossed, claiming
675  CIA wanted cameras mounted on the c-119 and was ultimately responsible for
676  the murder of barry seal in louisiana by a Colombian drug cartel.
677
678  Central America,  81-96  dci deutch said he found no evidence of wrongdoing
679  but has ordered the inspector general to investigate allegations CIA was
680  involved in drug trafficking to support Nicaraguan contras. drugs sold to
681  street gangs in los angeles. Washington Post 9/7/96
682
683  Central America,  81-96  jack blum says CIA ignored drug issue. Agency did
684  not encourage trafficking by contras. jack blum testified the justice
685  department blocked kerry subcommittee's inquiry in late 1980s into
686  allegations CIA intervened in court cases, "to help people who helped them
687  in covert wars." william weld, then assistant attorney general in charge
688  was an "absolute stone wall who systematically tried to discredit the kerry
689  investigation by preventing U.S. attorneys from cooperating with them.
690  panama, haiti, and Honduras were countries where the Reagan adm was aware
691  intel officers were tolerating drug DEAling by local citizens. washington
692  post 10/24/96 a18
693
694  Central America,  81-96  senator kerry committee chief counsel jack blum
695  says, "if you ask: in the process of fighting a war against the
696  sandinistas, did people connected with the U.S. gvt open channels which
697  allowed drug traffickers to move drugs to the united states, did they know
698  the drug traffickers were doing it, and did they protect them from law
699  enforcement? the answer to all those questions is yes." did someone turn a
700  blind eye? i would be quite surprised by that," said [former CIA director
701  robert] gates, who was the CIA's deputy director for intel during most of
702  the contra war. per CIA officials, "most of the allegations got turned over
703  to DEA." DEA officials, however, said they could not recall receiving any
704  significant info from CIA. los angeles times 10/21/96 1
705
706  Central America,  84-87  instances in which law enforcement and criminal
707  prosecutions subordinated to other foreign policy concerns listed. the
708  barry adler seal episode. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report
709  by senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 120-1
710
711  Central America,  84-88  gary betzner, morales' best pilot, took off from
712  executive international airport in fort lauderdale with a load of weapons
713  (for the contras). he landed in Costa Rica, where the weapons were
714  unloaded. morales testified to senator kerry that he expected 400 or so
715  kilograms of cocaine to come back from an american rancher's air base in
716  Costa Rica. morales gave the contras by the end of 1985 four to five
717  million dollars. morales said that about 100 percent of the money was drug
718  money. Castillo, C. (1994). Powderburns 141-2
719
720  Central America,  84-96  following are excerpts from "powder burns,"
721  cocaine, contras & the drug connection, a book by retired DEA agent,
722  cellerino castillo published in 1992. castillo has documented much of what
723  he saw and DEA has refused to honor foia requirements. from early 1984 to
724  the fall of 1986, (Lt. Col. Oliver) North directed a clandestine resupply
725  op dubbed "project democracy," which used a military airbase in El Salvador
726  to fly weapons and supplies to the contras. for the better part of a year,
727  i investigated it. in El Salvador, military officers took weapons seized
728  from the guerrillas and sold them to traffickers; in guatemala, i
729  discovered members of our host government running a smuggling ring for the
730  cartels. contra planes flew north to the U.S., loaded with cocaine, then
731  returned laden with cash. all under the protective umbrella of the U.S. ny
732  times "new media" forum on 10/8/96
733
734  Central America,  85-86  convicted drug smuggler gary betzner, a pilot, and
735  george morales, a Colombian emigre under charges of drug smuggling, both
736  claim that CIA agents and other U.S. officials helped the contras run
737  drugs-out guns-in op. the DEA and CIA helped them. newsweek 1/26/87 26
738
739  Central America,  85-87  a money launderer for the major Colombian cocaine
740  cartel testified before congress that he funneled nearly $10 million to
741  Nicaraguan contras thru former CIA operative felix rodriguez. ramon
742  milian-rodriguez who serving time in prison said the cartel thought it was
743  currying favor with the CIA. Washington Post 6/30/87 a4
744
745  Central America,  85-87  chief CIA's c.a. task force testified links
746  between contras in Costa Rica and narcotics trafficking broader then
747  earlier estimated.... it is not a couple of people it is a lot of
748  people....we knew that everyone around pastora was involved in cocaine....
749  his staff and friends (redacted) they were drug smugglers or involved in
750  drug smuggling. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report by senate
751  committee on foreign relations, 12/88, p37-8
752
753  Central America,  85-87  contra ops in (Costa Rica) were funded by drug
754  operations. pilots unloaded weapons, refueled and headed north toward the
755  U.S. with drugs. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report by
756  senate committee on foreign relations, 12/88 p41-2
757
758  Central America,  85-89  senator kerry said stopping drug traffic in U.S.
759  sacrificed for political and institutional goals such as changing gvt in
760  Nicaragua, supporting gvt in panama, using drug-running orgs as intel
761  assets, etc. covert action information bulletin (now covert action
762  quarterly) summer 90 6
763
764  Central America,  85  in personal diaries North kept in 85, he wrote down
765  aide's tip that drugs being brought into U.S. on a contra supply plane. he
766  recorded type of aircraft and a stop enroute - new orleans. in testimony he
767  said he gave info to DEA but DEA says it has no such evidence. North
768  declined an interview on subject. numerous officials said North never
769  mentioned shipments. plane and crew continued be used as official carriers.
770  North relied on robert owen, who traveled to Central America. nhao hired
771  owen who secretly worked for North. North wrote in diary on 8/9/85:
772  "honduran dc-6 which is being used for runs out of new orleans is probably
773  being used for drug runs into U.S." next day he wrote "meeting with a.c. -
774  name of DEA person in new orleans re bust on mario dc-6." a.c. could be
775  adolofo calero, brother of mario, who in charge of shipping and warehouse
776  op in new orleans. mario regularly used a dc-6 based in Honduras. jack lawn
777  former head of DEA denied North gave any info re those flights. special DEA
778  agent new orleans at time said they never received such info. mcfarlane did
779  not know. nhao director duemling and 5 other nhao officials said North
780  never told them. "on contrary" duemling said, "North wanted me to work with
781  mario." details of regular nhao flights. only dc-4 listed in nhao records
782  was miami-based vortex air international inc. one of whose key officers has
783  long series of drug allegations. owen's memo of 2/26/86 reads: "no doubt
784  you know the dc-4 foley got was used at one time to run drugs, and part of
785  crew had criminal records." "nice group of guys the boys choose. the
786  company is also one that mario has been involved with using in the past,
787  only that had a quick name change. incompetence reigns." in owen's
788  testimony, he identified foley as pat foley of summit aviation, which still
789  operates in delaware and identified the boys as CIA. North's notebooks show
790  he aware they were still working for Agency. vortex name appears twice, and
791  one of its officers, who had numerous drug chargers - michael bernard
792  palmer - appears twice. list of various charges against palmer. in 87
793  palmer was working for a gvt Agency. customs records at miami say that
794  "normal customs service procedures for incoming flights are expedited" at
795  request of unnamed Agency. in addition to vortex, senator's kerry's report
796  listed diacsa as doing nhao work two foreign firms listed; setco air, a
797  Costa Rican firm owned by alfredo caballero, and floyd carlton, who ran
798  drug and money laundering op out of diacsa's miami offices. carlton pleaded
799  guilty to cocaine conspiracy. Washington Post 10/22/94 a1,11
800
801  Central America,  98  Attorney General Renoa ordered justice IG to continue
802  to withhold 400-page report on the CIA-crack cocaine controversy. citing "law
803  enforcement concerns" that are not related to the report's conclusions,
804  reno said the report should continue to be withheld until those concerns
805  have ended. under the law cited by reno, among the info the ag can order
806  withheld includes undercover ops and the identity of confidential sources
807  such as protected witnesses. ig michael bromwich disagreed and said "i hope
808  that we will be able to release the report in its entirety in the
809  not-too-distant future." bromwich also said the CIA played no role in the
810  delay and that nothing in the report is classified. report is the outgrowth
811  of a year-long investigation by bromwich's staff into articles published in
812  august 1996 by the san jose mercury news. last month, CIA ig hitz released
813  a summary of his findings from his inquiry, which concluded there was no
814  evidence to support the allegation of CIA involvement in the california
815  crack cocaine trade. the complete CIA ig report, whose release was delayed
816  in december by the justice department, is now expected to be made public
817  late next week. Washington Post 1/24/9 a13
818
819  Central America, contras,  86-96  celerino castillo iii, a former agent of
820  DEA said that while assigned to ilopango air force base in El Salvador in
821  1986, he saw covert CIA agents loading planes with cocaine destined for the
822  U.S. he logged in his journal the amounts of cocaine, identification
823  numbers of the planes and even the names of pilots. he sent cables to DEA
824  hqs informing them of the heavy flow of drugs through ilopango. [this was]
825  an op run by Lt. Col. Oliver North and by max gomez, alias felix rodriguez,
826  a veteran of the CIA bay of pigs invasion of cuba and a friend of then-vice
827  president george bush. castillo expressed alarm to DEA official john marsh
828  and to U.S. air force Col. james steele, a U.S. military adviser in el
829  salvador who supervised the CIA op. he also warned U.S. ambassador edwin g.
830  corr. "i was told my career would end because i was "stepping on a white
831  house operation." "i continued to write reports but they disappeared into
832  the black hole" at DEA hqs. "the evidence is there. i have the case file
833  numbers, names and dates." people's weekly world 9/28/96
834
835  Central America, Nicaragua,  80-88  kerry's subcommittee issued a 1,166
836  page report on drug corruption in Central America and the caribbean that
837  concluded "there was substantial evidence of drug smuggling through the war
838  zones on the part of individual contras, contra suppliers, contra pilots,
839  mercenaries who worked with the contras, and contra supporters throughout
840  the region." "senior U.S. policy makers were not immune to the idea that
841  drug money was the perfect solution to the contra's funding problems." the
842  committee discovered that state department contracts worth $806,000 went to
843  no fewer than four aid conduits owned and operated by narcotics
844  traffickers. one of these was setco air, a honduran cargo firm hired by
845  state to transport goods to the contras in 85 and 86. firm a front for
846  ramon matta ballesteros a class i DEA violator. Reagan adm protection of
847  matta, represented a bigger blow to the war on drugs than smuggling ops of
848  any particular resistance group. matta practically owned Honduras, where he
849  corrupted the same ruling military officers whom the CIA relied on. the CIA
850  blocked a proposal by DEA agents and the DEA shut down its office in
851  tegucigalpa. Honduras then became a booming center for multi-ton loads of
852  Colombian cocaine. marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 44-5
853
854  Central America, Nicaragua,  81-96  jack blum, helped run kerry
855  investigation. a former senior CIA officer said that from 1981 to 1984
856  Agency case officers working in field with contra "weren't making
857  themselves fully aware of drug activity. we were focused on building up"
858  the contras. clarridge, in 1981 was chosen to head ops against sandinistas.
859  he said his interest in drugs was documenting cocaine trafficking by
860  sandinistas. morales case, seems to remain best-documented example of a
861  contra group cooperating with a drug trafficker and receiving substantial
862  aid in return. per pastora and chamorro, morales -- who was convicted in
863  1986 of drug trafficking and died in prison in 1991 -- contributed at least
864  two airplanes and $90,000 to the pastora group, known by its spanish
865  initials arde. in sworn testimony to the kerry committee and a separate
866  court case before he died, morales said he gave airplanes and cash to
867  contras because he was promised by chamorro that contras would use their
868  influence with the U.S. to help with his legal problems. although
869  imprisoned, he told kerry committee that he had in fact received some legal
870  help. Washington Post 10/31/96 a1
871
872  CIA and drug traffic  47-90  discussed in interview with alfred mccoy. info
873  similar to info in his book "the politics of heroin in sea." net result of
874  post-war anti-commie policy was revival of organized crime operating
875  initially under U.S. military gvt protection, ultimately under CIA
876  protection. the op in Burma with KMT to invade china. KMT fled to n.e.
877  Burma and CIA set up massive support op. CIA became involved in factional
878  politics in thailand and supported general phao who in opium business with
879  KMT. opium traffic up to 1,000 tons by time CIA's mercenaries driven out in
880  61. about 60% to 70% world's total illicit production. z magazine 1/91 69
881
882  CIA involved in drug traffic at three levels: 1. coincidental complicity by
883  allying with groups engaged in traffic; 2. support of traffic by covering
884  up known traffickers and condoning their involvement; 3. active engagement
885  in transport of opium and heroin. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of
886  heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 23
887
888  CIA spokesman james greenleaf 3/90 announced CIA abandoned its former
889  reluctance and "narcotics is a new priority." intelligence newsletter
890  4/25t/90 4
891
892  Colombia. george (jorge) morales: convicted Colombian drug smuggler;
893  testified to shipping arms to contras for drugs in return for alleged
894  promises of official protection. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine
895  politics 261
896
897  Colombia. gilberto rodriguez orejuela: kingpin of Colombian cali cartel;
898  arrested with jorge ochoa in spain in 1984 and extradited to Colombia,
899  where he was later freed. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics
900  262
901
902  Colombia. isaac kattan kassin: Colombian money launderer for cali cartel.
903  scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 260
904
905  Colombia. jorge luis ochoa vasquez: leader of medellin caertel, indicted in
906  united states in 1984 and 1986; arrested in spain in 1984 and extradited to
907  Colombia, freed on $10,500 bail. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine
908  politics 261
909
910  Colombia,  83  a plane with southern air transport markings was seen being
911  used for a guns-for-drugs transfer at an airfield in barranquilla,
912  Colombia. justice dept investigating. Washington Post 1/20/87 a12
913
914  Colombia,  84  op to capture drugs named op chemcom, perhaps DEA's most
915  successful undercover op ever. DEA planted 2 barrels of there own among 76
916  barrels chemicals going Colombia. two barrels were equipped with radio
917  tracking devices and battery packs embedded in false bottom. military
918  satellites followed the beeping barrels and DEA passed coordinates to
919  Colombian police. dinges, j. (1990). our man in panama notes 322
920
921  Costa Rica. claims by carr and glibbery that much of activity around hull's
922  ranch involved transshipment of cocaine to U.S. carr found DEAd in van
923  nuys, california - police said he died of drug overdose. terrell, j., and
924  martz, r. (1992). disposable patriot 319,344
925
926  Costa Rica. frigorificos de puntarenas: a shrimp company in Costa Rica
927  allegedly created as a cover for laundering of drug money; it was involved
928  in North's contra support operations and used by state department to
929  deliver humanitarian contra aid. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). cocaine
930  politics 260
931
932  Costa Rica. john hull was CIA's man in Costa Rica, but he dabbled in every
933  illegal scheme from assassination to gunrunning. terrell, j., and martz, r.
934  (1992). disposable patriot 241
935
936  Costa Rica. john hull: U.S. rancher in Costa Rica who backed contras in
937  conjunction with local CIA station and whose airfield received contra
938  supply flights and allegedly drug shipments. scott, p. & marshall, j.
939  (1991). Cocaine Politics 260
940
941  Costa Rica. octaviano cesar: an aide to contra leader eden pastora;
942  arranged for drug trafficker jorge morales to provide support for contras
943  in Costa Rica. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 259
944
945  Costa Rica. sebastian "guachan" gonzalez": arde contra official who fled
946  Costa Rica in 1984 after indictment for drug trafficking. scott, p. &
947  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 260
948
949  Costa Rica,  85-87  five witnesses testified that hull who helped the CIA
950  supply the contras, had at least six airstrips, was involved in cocaine
951  trafficking. drugs, law enforcement and foreign policy, report by senate
952  committee on foreign relations, 12/88 53-54
953
954  Costa Rica,  87-89  john hull a CIA-connected rancher was arrested in 1/89
955  for, inter alia, illegal drug trafficking per president arias. The Nation
956  4/3/89 p440
957
958  Costa Rica,  89  Lt. Col. North, secord, poindexter, tambs and former CIA
959  station chief fernandez declared persona non grata because their activities
960  led to the establishing of narcotics nets. The Nation 12/18/89 742
961
962  Costa Rica, Nicaragua,  80-91  in april 91 Costa Rica asked U.S. to
963  extradite CIA operative john hull to stand trial on homicide charges. hull
964  was allegedly at center of North's illegal contra supply net. Costa Rican
965  authorities accuse hull of allowing his ranch to be used as an
966  arms-for-drugs swap meet. hull indicted in connection with bombing attempt
967  against eden pastora in la penca, Nicaragua. 5 died in bombing. washington
968  post 5/26 91 d7
969
970  cuba,  76-87  guillermo tabraue, a bay of pigs vet, is charged with running
971  a miami drug syndicate. tabraue also employed by CIA at $1400 a week to
972  give info about drug trafficking among bay of pig vets. tabraue's trial to
973  begin 4/3/89. The Nation 4/17/89 p512
974
975  DEA versus CIA operations in the "drug war." top secret 1-89 12-14
976
977  doc released under foia (19 pages) re CIA/justice department agreement
978  regarding possible criminal activities arising out of CIA activities. the
979  need to protect sources and methods and the duty to enforce laws. included
980  is a brief summary of 20 cases in which violations of criminal statutes
981  were reported to doj between  54-75  a detailed review involved in the
982  prosecution of putaporn khramkhruan, former CIA employee. hopc 5/10/84 p112
983  from center for national security studies c-37
984
985  El Salvador,  84-87  castillo recruited hugo martinez who worked at
986  ilopango, writing flight plans in and out of the civilian side. hugo
987  produced a flood of documentation on drug smuggling out of the air base. he
988  gave names of traffickers and their destinations, flight paths, tail
989  numbers and the date and time of each flight. hundreds of flights each week
990  delivered cocaine to the buyers and returned with money for the laundering
991  machine in panama. the traffickers air-dropped the cocaine before landing
992  in florida or the bahamas dropping to waiting speed boats. many loads found
993  their way to the streets through george morales who smuggled millions of
994  dollars of marijuana from the bahamas to florida before he was caught. the
995  contra planes flew out of hangars four and five. the CIA owned one hangar
996  and NSC the other. the pilots often brought the drugs to ilopango from
997  either numerous private airstrips in Costa Rica, or the U.S. military base
998  in panama. they flew weapons, cash, and cocaine from these safe havens to
999  the U.S. the names hugo provided run through the computer came back as
1000  narcotics traffickers listed in DEA files. i tracked drug flights out of
1001  hangars four and five -- date, time flight number, destination, and the
1002  names and passport numbers of the pilots. Castillo, C. (1994). Powderburns
1003  139-140
1004
1005  El Salvador,  85-88  the U.S. counselor in El Salvador told DEA man
1006  castillo that the CIA had requested a visa for carlos alberto amador, a
1007  Nicaraguan pilot documented in the computer as a narcotics trafficker.
1008  Castillo, C. (1994). Powderburns 144
1009
1010  felipe ("morgan") vidal: miami cuban and alleged CIA agent who took over
1011  small Costa Rica contra faction after drug indictment of sebastian
1012  gonzalez. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 263
1013
1014  floyd carlton: panamanian drug trafficker using diacsa as cover; after
1015  conviction he became major U.S. government witness in indictment of
1016  noriega. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 259
1017
1018  france,  47-50  CIA joined forces with corsicans to break hold of communist
1019  party over city gvt and to break two dock strikes - that threatened
1020  efficientcy of marshall plan and 1st indochina war. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the
1021  politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 25
1022
1023  france,  47-53  CIA sent funds to the heroin-smuggling corsican underworld
1024  of marseilles to assist its battle with communist unions. CIA's top
1025  corsican agent was implicated in a massive opium smuggling ring from Laos
1026  into Vietnam in the mid-1960s. marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 37
1027
1028  france,  93  on 2/16/93 french businessman for third time in 4 months, was
1029  expelled from netherlands. michael bosio, is alleged victim of CIA/dea drug
1030  op. intelligence newsletter 3/4/93 7
1031
1032  france, Laos,  87  prince sopsaisana of Laos to paris in april. one of his
1033  suitcases contained 60 kilos of high-grade laotian heroin worth $13.5
1034  million in new york. french refused to accept his credentials and he
1035  recalled to vientiane in june. according to DEA, sopsai's venture was
1036  financed by gen vang pao, and the heroin had been refined in lab at long
1037  tieng, CIA's hqs for ops in n. Laos. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of
1038  heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 284-5
1039
1040
1041  guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  85-88  a contra pilot, an american
1042  named william basher, was in charge of money, equipment, and training for
1043  the contras. he was documented in seven DEA files for flying drugs and arms
1044  from south america to the united states via ilopango. state department
1045  political officer janis elmore confirmed that basher worked for Oliver
1046  North. counselor general for the U.S. embassy in El Salvador, robert
1047  chavez, said he knew about North's operation, and knew they were smuggling
1048  dope. Castillo, C. (1994). Powderburns 155-7
1049
1050  haiti,  88-93  alexandra marks of christian science monitor wrote on
1051  anti-drug intel center established in haiti in 88 by DEA but was
1052  effectively controlled by CIA-created, financed and trained haitian
1053  national intel service (sin). DEA believed sin was the U.S.-financed center
1054  for drug ops with CIA protecting haitian officers in return for a
1055  continuing intel relationship. unclassified 1/94 3
1056
1057  haiti,  88-93  tim weiner of nyt said "cia formed haitian unit later tied
1058  to narcotics" - having created haitian intel service, CIA failed to insure
1059  that several million dollars spent training and equipping service from 86
1060  to 91 was actually used in war on drugs. unclassified 1/94 3-4
1061
1062  haiti,  90-94  DEA chief miami, thomas cash, told story from informant of
1063  aristide's involvement in drug trade. info from uncorrobated source. the
1064  nation 10/31/94 482,96
1065
1066  haiti,  92  only weeks ago U.S. adamant in resolve to force return of
1067  ousted haitian president aristide to govern country. now he warned that he
1068  would have to negotiate his possible return with current haitian
1069  leadership. flip-flop due to a re-examining of aristide's brief tenure as
1070  president. one concern whether drug corruption, which flourished under
1071  previous regimes, also persisted under aristide. discusses roland seide.
1072  jack anderson Washington Post 7/16/92 c11
1073
1074  haiti,  93  haiti's largest trafficker of cocaine, fernando burgos
1075  martinez, operates freely per DEA study. Washington Post 4/4/93 a41
1076
1077  holland,  92-93  DEA sting catches two. intelligence newsletter 4/1/93 3
1078
1079  Honduras. jose bueso rosa: honduran general convicted in drug-financed plot
1080  to assassinate president of Honduras. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991).
1081  Cocaine Politics 259
1082
1083  Honduras,  88  U.S. intel identified ten senior honduran military officers
1084  involved in drug trafficking. they included Col. roberto nunez, chief of
1085  military intel, Col. leonel riera lunatti, chief of police and Col. Leonel
1086  gutierrez, head of navy. additionally Colonel Rigoberto regalado lara, former
1087  ambassador to peru, was arrested in miami for possession of 11 kilos of
1088  cocaine. intel parapolitics 7/88 8
1089
1090  Honduras, Colombia. pablo escobar gaviria: major Colombian trafficker in
1091  medellin cartel fdn (frente democratio nicaraguense): leading contra
1092  faction in Honduras. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 260
1093
1094  Honduras, haiti,  91-97  Honduras denied a U.S. request to extradite a
1095  haitian ex-police chief accused of helping ferry at least 33 tons of drugs
1096  into the united states. the U.S. failed to provide credible evidence for
1097  extradition of Lt. gen. michel francois, a leader of haiti's 1991-94
1098  military regime. U.S. accused the former port-au-prince police chief of
1099  helping Colombian traffickers bring drugs into the U.S. via haiti. ap
1100  Washington Post 4/17/97 a28
1101
1102  Honduras, israel. during contra war honduran military intel officers on
1103  double salary from CIA and Colombian drug cartels, who saw advantage of
1104  using honduran airstrips for transiting cocaine under cover of war effort.
1105  israelis also trained honduran DEAth squads. cockburn, a. & cockburn, l.
1106  (1991). dangerous liaison 225
1107
1108  Honduras, juan ramon matta ballessteros: honduran drug trafficker with
1109  important drug connections in mexico, cali, and honduran army. scott, p. &
1110  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 261
1111
1112  in  71  nixon made CIA chief drug intel Agency. old CIA hand lucien conein
1113  headed DEA's special operations branch. he created deep-cover CIA/dea
1114  narcotics op in miami, code-named buncin/deacon, and recruited a staff of
1115  19 - anti-castro contract agents. documents released under foia to
1116  researcher john hill describe a gentlemen's agreement between CIA and
1117  justice department to ask for dismissals rather than expose sources or
1118  techniques. convicted drug smuggler and bay of pigs vet carlos hernandez
1119  rumbaut, continued his trafficking activity through 1976. justice dumped
1120  agreement in 76, but conein had worked out a "crossover' arrangement
1121  whereby DEA would claim that any CIA asset busted for narcotics smuggling
1122  was on a deep-cover DEA assignment. none of CIA's cubans prosecuted for
1123  drug smuggling. 27 U.S. prosecutions of latin america drug cases and two
1124  other major cases had to be dropped because of CIA's domestic involvement.
1125  hinckle, w. & turner, w. (1992). DEAdly secrets xxxvii
1126
1127  in an escalation in CIA's drug work, dci webster created an antinarcotics
1128  unit that will "lend analytical and ops support" to fight drug traffickers.
1129  impetus for the center was to respond to complaints about the quality of
1130  intel the CIA has provided the DEA. DEA officials complain there little
1131  intel of value from the CIA. one DEA agent assigned to the center as
1132  liaison. Washington Post 5/28/89 a12-3
1133
1134  in drug war, nearly every Agency involved. U.S. general accounting office
1135  nsiad-92-104 4/92 39
1136
1137  iran,  79  bakhtiar, a rich iranian, according to him, was approached by
1138  the CIA to use heroin resources of his family to finance the overthrow of
1139  khomeini. this in court. rebel 11/22/83 p83
1140
1141  jack terrell: former U.S. mercenary and contra supporter who was persecuted
1142  by North and osg after he began talking to DEA and fbi about contra
1143  smuggling activities; later indicted on antineutrality charges that were
1144  eventually dropped. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 263
1145
1146  asia,  88   larger share drugs entering east U.S. coming from southeast
1147  asia. Burma still largest supplier. thai gvt accused lao gvt complicity in
1148  heroin traffic. most sea heroin goes via bangkok to U.S. west coast.
1149  Washington Post 3/16/88 a6
1150
1151  Burma,  50-59   CIA activities Burma (with KMT) helped transform shan
1152  states into largest opium-growing region in world. KMT shipped heroin to
1153  north thailand where sold to gen. phao sriyanonda of thai police, a CIA
1154  client. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of heroin in southeast asia 127
1155
1156  Burma/china, 50s  CIA contract aircraft used to transport opium from Burma
1157  to bangkok in li mi op. corson, w.r. (1977). armies of ignorance 321-4
1158
1159  Burma/china, 50s li mi's forces did little to china but became ensconced in
1160  drug trafficking. CIA's aircraft carried guerrillas opium to market in
1161  bangkok. corson, w.r. (1977). armies of ignorance 321-3
1162
1163  Central America,  86   smuggler michael tolliver paid to fly arms to
1164  contras then allowed to return to U.S. with drugs. he would find his own
1165  return load or be supplied with a network run by Oliver North. once landed
1166  plane with 25,000 lbs marijuana at homestead air base in fla. drug route
1167  protected by CIA. the progressive 4/88 11
1168
1169  Central America, circa  85-86   g.w. betzner testified before senator
1170  kerry's committee re his participation in drug smuggling. said he made 2
1171  trips into Costa Rica and landed near ranch of john hull. betzner said hull
1172  watched as load of machine guns unloaded and replaced by cocaine. second
1173  flight near strip near voice of america near hull's ranch where guns
1174  unloaded and cocaine loaded. Washington Post 4/8/88 a1&15
1175
1176  Central America,  86   senator kerry said it clear there is networking of
1177  drug trafficking thru contras. "and it goes right up to [contra leaders]
1178  mario calero, adolfo calero [and] enrique bermudez." CIA has actively
1179  blocked federal drug investigations of contra supporters. covert action
1180  information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) summer 87 13, 15
1181
1182  Central America,  85-86   article in nation by jonathan kwitny, "money,
1183  drugs and the contras." na 9/29/87 cover & p162
1184
1185  chairman of the house committee on narcotics abuse and control requested
1186  the DEA, CIA and customs service to brief his committee on contra drug
1187  links at a closed session. CIA and justice dept, which oversees DEA,
1188  refused. The Nation 6/13/87 p787
1189
1190  chicago daily news reported CIA forced justice department to drop an
1191  indictment against one of its (cia) agents involved in a plot to smuggle
1192  100 pounds of raw opium into U.S. The Nation 7/5/75 4
1193
1194  china, Burma, taiwan. cat in op repat evacuated chinat troops from Burma of
1195  the yunnan anti-communist national salvation army. invasions china
1196  unsuccessful and it clear KMT irregulars more interested in drug trade than
1197  fighting communists. leary, w.m. (1984). perilous missions 195
1198
1199  CIA,  76   testimony DEA agent indicates that CIA aware of drug smuggling
1200  activities CIA backed kuomintang armies of Burma and Laos. allegedly CIA
1201  ordered some smuggling activity. counterspy winter 76 33
1202
1203  CIA coordinates  69-75  clandestine intel collection overseas and provides
1204  other gvt agencies with foreign intel on drug traffic. rockefeller
1205  commission report. (1975). report on CIA activities within the U.S. 36-7
1206
1207  CIA never trafficked in drugs as matter of official policy, but willing
1208  overlook fact that meo's primary cash crop was opium, while CIA planes of
1209  air america were on occasion used to carry drugs. marchetti, v., & marks,
1210  j.d. (1974). the CIA and the cult of intelligence 215
1211
1212  Colombia, Nicaragua,  84   drug Dealer ochoa, kingpin of medellin cartel
1213  was capture. DEA proposed a deal if ochoa would implicate sandinistas. he
1214  refused. CIA, DEA and bush's newly formed antidrug task force used barry
1215  seal to try to implicate sandinistas in drug traffic. seal testified he
1216  photoed sandinista soldiers and an official. seal a part of supply net
1217  supervised by CIA and North. c-123 used by seal to implicate sandinistas
1218  later shot down with hasenfus. The Nation  9/5/87 p189-192
1219
1220  contragate report does not discuss allegations of contra drug-running.
1221  ignored is CIA's Costa Rican station chief joe fernandez's testimony that
1222  "a higher authority" overruled his decision to cut off two contra leaders
1223  he suspected of smuggling narcotics. The Nation 12/5/87 p669
1224
1225  contragate,  86   money launderer for Colombian cocaine cartel told senate
1226  subcommittee on terrorism, narcotics, and international communications that
1227  he passed nearly $10 million to contras thru felix rodriguez, former CIA
1228  operative. The Nation 12/5/87
1229
1230  contragate,  87   memo from committees investigating allegations of contra
1231  drug smuggling to iran-contra committee. says allegations unfounded,
1232  further investigation unwarranted. ica 630-2. kelso investigation
1233  discussed. iran-contra affair. (congress committees) 648
1234
1235  DEA dec  83  says afghanistan rebels are financing their battle at least
1236  partially thru sale opium, some of which comes to U.S. in form of heroin.
1237  david meloick, DEA's congressional liaison said 52% of heroin brought into
1238  U.S. last year believed to have come from area of afghanistan, pakistan and
1239  iran. american interests afghanistan contradictory over fighting drug
1240  traffic and political goals. Washington Post 12/17/83
1241
1242  documents reveal that in  86  North, gen. paul gorman, CIA man dewey
1243  clairridge, and elliot abrams lobbied justice dept to treat leniently
1244  Honduras' gen. jose abdenego bueso rosa who was involved in plot to kill
1245  honduran president roberto suazo cordova. iran contra report does not
1246  mention name of conspirator nor central am leader. also, report does not
1247  mention that gen. rosa, former head of honduran armed forces joint command,
1248  was contra supporter and was to fund op thru cocaine smuggling into U.S.
1249  american officials feared rosa might talk about contra drug ops if justice
1250  dept did not go easy on him. The Nation 12/5/87 p668
1251
1252  Laos. beginning in  64  vang pao became drug lord of hmong. per ouane
1253  rattikone, commander of laotian army, and gen thao ma, then commander
1254  laotian air force, air america began flying hmong opium to markets in long
1255  tieng and vientiane. tony poe, a CIA officer who worked with vang pao, said
1256  vang pao made millions in drug traffic. air logistics for opium trade
1257  further improved when CIA and usaid gave vang pao financial assistance in
1258  forming his own air line, xieng khouang air transport. formed in late  67
1259  with two c-47s acquired from air american and continental air services.
1260  company's schedule limited to shuttle flights between long tieng and
1261  vientiane. mccoy, a.w. (1991). the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in
1262  the global drug traffic 318
1263
1264  Laos. chief of staff of laotian army, that rcvd 90% of its budget from the
1265  U.S. operated largest heroin factory in world in n.e. Laos. traffic from
1266  there to a relative of Vietnam's prime minister ky. whole svnese gvt
1267  DEAling heroin to U.S. troops. number CIA operatives became involved. nugen
1268  hand bank founded by michael john hand, a green beret and a CIA contract in
1269  Laos. reported to be DEAling in heroin. bank a major money laundering
1270  conduit sea, australia, golden triangle. z magazine 1/91 70
1271
1272  Laos. CIA complicitous laotian drug trade at number levels. felt it had to
1273  support opium crop, because main hmong cash crop. CIA used extensive air
1274  net of light propeller planes to move crop out of Laos for hmong. opium
1275  taken to long tieng where vang pao operated a large heroin lab. gave vang
1276  pao private airline called zieng khouang air transport. z magazine 1/91 70
1277
1278  Laos,  54-72  CIA's ig undertook a major field investigation of charges in
1279  mccoy's book. the ig's report cleared the CIA of having "sanctioned or
1280  supported drug trafficking as a matter of policy." report expressed concern
1281  over agents and local officials with whom we are in contact who have been
1282  or may still be involved in one way or another in the drug business. "the
1283  war has clearly been our overriding priority in southeast asia and all
1284  other issues have taken second place." marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 39
1285
1286  Laos, Vietnam,  75-85  after fall of south Vietnam, CIA and NSA expanded
1287  their facilities in bangkok and chiang mai to monitor activity in Vietnam,
1288  southern china and n. Burma. the smugglers were natural allies. DEA agents
1289  in southeast asia in late 70s and 1980s said they frequently discovered
1290  that they were tracking heroin smugglers who were on CIA's payroll. CIA
1291  shut down the DEA investigation of lu hsu-shui one of the top heroin
1292  DEAlers in the golden triangle claiming it had to use the him "in a
1293  high-level, sensitive national security op." marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars
1294  40
1295
1296  Laos, Vietnam, mccoy's books on the politics of heroin, are amazing pieces
1297  of work. after having worked in the mountains of lao and talking
1298  extensively to many lao and hmong, i am pretty convinced that what mccoy
1299  documents is true. i cannot vouch for the Vietnam side of things, but, CIA
1300  -- like the french before them used opium production as the means of
1301  exerting influence on mountain groups in the region. email coord
1302  generation.net 2/9/96
1303
1304  latin america,  71-75  CIA immunized no fewer than 27 federal drug cases.
1305  DEA said starting with dcis colby and george bush, CIA poached from both
1306  DEA's pool of informants and investigative targets. when DEA arrested them
1307  they used CIA as protection and because of CIA involvement they were
1308  released. this amounted to a license to traffic for life because even if
1309  they were arrested in the future, they could demand classified documents
1310  about their prior CIA involvement and would have to be let go. CIA knew
1311  their assets were drug smugglers. marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 41
1312
1313  latin america,  80-97  peter zirnite's "reluctant recruits - the U.S.
1314  military and the war on drugs," published by the washington office on latin
1315  america covers military ops in latin america against drugs. intelligence -
1316  a computerized intelligence newsletter published in france 12/1/97 25
1317
1318  latin america, Colombia,  96  latin heroin replaces asian. 9/3/96, DEA
1319  chief, thomas constantine, gave official figures on battle between asian
1320  and Colombian heroin seized in the U.S.: 1993, 15 percent Colombian; 1994,
1321  32 percent Colombian; and 1995, 62 percent Colombian. Colombian drug lords
1322  "are positioning themselves to be central players in the western hemisphere
1323  heroin market by the year 2000." this is coherent with their increasingly
1324  widely-applied strategy of paying middlemen and DEAlers in heroin to
1325  encourage use (see "new techniques on both sides of drug battle"; int, n.
1326  38/2). intelligence - a computerized intelligence newsletter published in
1327  france 9/9/96 52
1328
1329  latin america, Colombia, Nicaragua,  90  dozens weapons given by U.S. to
1330  contras acquired by Colombia drug DEAlers. now an alliance between
1331  Colombian drug cartels and criminal orgs in italy and spain to provide and
1332  distribute cocaine in europe. contras appear to sell weapons in c.a.
1333  market. m67 fragmentation grenades and ussr made ak-47 assault rifles and
1334  rpg grenade launchers. contras when demobilized turned in only half of
1335  weapons. half of redeye portable antiaircraft missiles missing. washington
1336  post 9/18/90 a16
1337
1338  middle east, england,  85-91  chuck lewis, then associated press's
1339  washington bureau chief met "six or seven" times with Oliver North over
1340  hostage situation. reporters who wrote contra stories, robert parry and
1341  brian barger, said lewis delayed publication of several of their stories
1342  for weeks or months. reporters not told of meetings. "if he was Dealing
1343  with Oliver North on terry anderson, at a minimum he shouldn't have
1344  insisted on editing our stories on North,..." barger said the delayed
1345  articles involved allegations of drug trafficking, corruption and CIA
1346  involvement with the contras. "on some of these stories we had 2 or 3 dozen
1347  sources." Washington Post 12/14/91 c1,8
1348
1349  Nicaragua. federico vaughan: official of Nicaraguan sandinistas whose
1350  picture allegedly taken with pablo escobar by barry seal as part of a U.S.
1351  government-financed sting operation. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991).
1352  Cocaine Politics 263
1353
1354  Nicaragua,  79-96  british media expose CIA-cocaine links by norman
1355  solomon. "the CIA actively encouraged drug- trafficking in order to fund
1356  right-wing contra rebels in Nicaragua during the 1980s, and a CIA agent in
1357  Nicaragua was employed to ensure the money went to the contras and not into
1358  the pockets of drug barons." the independent, summarized conclusions of
1359  investigative journalists working for britain's itv television network.
1360  their findings aired dec.12 on a highly regarded program called "the big
1361  story." british news reports included statements by carlos cabezas, who was
1362  a pilot for the Nicaraguan air force before the sandinistas came to power
1363  in 1979. during the early 1980s, cabezas transported cocaine from central
1364  america to california. he ended up spending six years in prison after the
1365  1983 seizure of 430 pounds of cocaine in the san francisco bay. cabezas
1366  said that he delivered cocaine proceeds to contra leaders in miami and
1367  Costa Rica. cabezas said in Costa Rica he met CIA agent ivan gomez, who
1368  responsible for overseeing transfer of drug profits to the contras. article
1369  from "media beat" syndicated column. norman solomon mediabeat igc.apc.org
1370  1/1/97
1371
1372  Nicaragua,  81-96  CIA, contras and drugs. in summer of 84, a wealthy
1373  Nicaraguan exile invited two reps of contra rebels to miami to broker a
1374  money-raising deal with a Colombian businessman george morales. morales was
1375  a champion powerboat racer, socialite and big-league drug trafficker under
1376  indictment. contra reps were octaviano cesar and adolfo "popo" chamorro,
1377  healy's ex-husband. both were working with eden pastora, a maverick
1378  revolutionary trying to open a southern front from a base in Costa Rica.
1379  CIA had run out of money, and congress refused to provide more until the
1380  next year. account from chamorro and cesar is one of clearest examples of
1381  how groups fighting the sandinista regime during 80s cooperated with drug
1382  traffickers and may have been traffickers themselves. Washington Post
1383  10/31/06 a1
1384
1385  Nicaragua,  84-85  drug trafficker jorge morales claimed CIA approached him
1386  in 1984 offering him legal protection if he agreed to fly weapons to
1387  contras while returning with drugs. weapons were loaded at opa-locka
1388  airport near miami or executive airport in fort lauderdale and flown to
1389  Honduras, Costa Rica or El Salvador. $4.5 million in drug profits went to
1390  contras. op went on for 18 months with full U.S. gov knowledge. eddy, p.
1391  (1988). the cocaine wars 327-332
1392
1393  Nicaragua,  84-86  witness accuses adolfo chamorro, Nicaragua counsel in
1394  miami and nephew of violetta chamorro, of helping smuggling more than a ton
1395  of cocaine into south florida. fabio ernesto carrasco, a Colombian pilot
1396  said he flew planeloads from c.a. to florida. testified that chamorro aka
1397  popo was part of conspiracy. miami herald 10/12/90 6a
1398
1399  Nicaragua, Costa Rica. carr and glibbery had been in prison for more than
1400  10 months - they had been abandoned by their sponsors in U.S. t. posey and
1401  john hull in Costa Rica. glibbery said andy messing, a high-profile contra
1402  supporter in d.c. and director of national defense council had met with
1403  hull in Costa Rica. carr said he had flown to Costa Rica on plane owned by
1404  florida aircraft leasing corporation and leased by american flyers, a
1405  secretive air cargo company in s. florida. terrell, j., and martz, r.
1406  (1992). disposable patriot 319
1407
1408  Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras. charter airline "setco" owned by major
1409  honduran drug lord - juan matta ballesteros and used by fdn. setco or air
1410  contra became terrell's primary airline. terrell, j., and martz, r. (1992).
1411  disposable patriot 217
1412
1413  Nicaragua, mexico,  87-90  CIA denies it used property of drug ring, denies
1414  charge it stored weapons destined for Nicaragua contras on ranch owned by
1415  mexican drug traffickers). New York Times * 7/21/90 6n
1416
1417  Nicaragua, panama  91  U.S. govt. witness floyd carlton caceres testified
1418  in manual noriega trial of oct 91 that he had flown weapons to Nicaraguan
1419  contras in 1983-84 while he was flying cocaine into U.S. for medellin drug
1420  cartel. flights were organized by alfredo caballero, a miami-based
1421  businessman later indicted with carlton on drug charges. Washington Post
1422  10/2/91 a4
1423
1424  Nicaragua, panama,  87-88  bitterness between marshalls service and DEA on
1425  one hand and CIA on other. CIA considered a defender of its agents who also
1426  drug smugglers. matta case proved CIA's willingness to defend drug
1427  smugglers as long as they anti-communists. senator kerry's staff noted that
1428  matta's ownership of setco in mid 80s provides circumstantial proof CIA
1429  willing tolerate drug corruption if it meant added chance for survival of
1430  contras. they had evidence of matta's ties to colonel arias, who in turn
1431  friendly with noriega. perry, m. (1992). eclipse: the last days of the CIA
1432  124
1433
1434  pakistan,  91-94  pakistan's army chief proposed selling heroin to pay for
1435  covert military ops in early 91, per former pm nawaz sharif. gen aslam beg
1436  and gen asas durrani, then head of military's inter-services intel bureau
1437  (isi), told him armed forces needed more money for covert foreign ops and
1438  wanted to raise it thru large-scale drug DEAls. durrani, denied charges and
1439  is now pakistan's ambassador to germany. a CIA consultant in 92, warned
1440  that drug corruption had permeated virtually all segments of pakistan
1441  society - including president and military intel services. about 30 tons
1442  heroin produced annually in pakistan, about a third is smuggled abroad -
1443  mostly to west, according to state dept's 1994 report on international drug
1444  trafficking. about 20% of heroin in U.S. comes from pakistan and
1445  afghanistan, second largest opium producer after Burma. 80% of heroin in
1446  europe comes from region. isi powerful and pursues its own agenda. civilian
1447  leaders have accused the military of developing nuclear technology and
1448  arming insurgents in india and other countries without their knowledge and
1449  approval. the military has been pinched for funds since war in afghanistan
1450  ended in 89 and U.S. stopped funneling money and arms thru isi to
1451  afghanistan. it difficult for military to fund militants fighting indian
1452  troops in kashmir. now such funds from jamiat-i-islami, a leading
1453  fundamentalist political party. sharif claims pakistan has a nuclear bomb.
1454  Washington Post 9/12/94 a13
1455
1456  pakistan, afghanistan,  79-89  the mujahedden rebels keep their cause going
1457  through the sale of opium. DEA spokesman said "no less than half of all
1458  U.S. heroin came from that area of the world." gulbuddin hekmatyar has been
1459  responsible for murdering hundreds of dedicated resistance fighters,
1460  political workers, and intellectuals. he reportedly was a leading figure in
1461  the heroin trade. details of corruption emerged from U.S. sources only
1462  after the soviets began pulling out of afghanistan. by 89, pakistan had no
1463  fewer than 100 heroin labs near the border of afghanistan. CIA had used an
1464  lebanese-controlled currency firm in zurich, shakarchi trading to channel
1465  aid to the afghan rebels. marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 49-52
1466
1467  panama. cesar rodriguez: panamanian arms and drugs trafficker under omar
1468  torrijos and manuel noriega; killed in Colombia in 1986. scott, p. &
1469  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 262
1470
1471  panama. omar torrijos: panamanian strongman in 1970s whose family allegedly
1472  included drug traffickers; killed in 1981 plane crash. scott, p. &
1473  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 263
1474
1475  panama,  71-91  motion in noriega's trial describes CIA efforts to arm
1476  Nicaraguan contras - a guns-for-drugs policy. many heavy deletions re his
1477  two meetings with bush, dci casey, and Oliver North. "noriega called upon
1478  defuse situations which threatened U.S. interests in Central America and
1479  elsewhere." prosecutors acknowledged noriega paid 161,000 by CIA dating
1480  from 1971 and another 162,168 from army. Washington Post 9/4/91 a1,4
1481
1482  panama,  83-87  dci casey received from noriega assistance in facilitating
1483  arms shipments to contras. noriega arranged end user certificates for arms
1484  shipments to panama. noriega transformed panama into a base for drug
1485  smuggling. Washington Post 12/22/89 a2
1486
1487  panama,  84  CIA and medellin drug cartel helped finance successful 84
1488  campaign for former panamanian president nicholas ardito barletta campaign.
1489  barletta, former world bank v.p., was elected in 84 and deposed by noriega
1490  in 85. Washington Post 3/21/92 a5
1491
1492  panama,  85  hugo spadafora: panamanian enemy of noriega who murdered in 85
1493  after talking to U.S. officials about drug trafficking in Costa Rica.
1494  scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 262
1495
1496  panama,  86  North with approval sec state shultz and abrams met noriega
1497  aide in england to talk about aid to contras. at time there extensive
1498  reporting re noriega's drug trafficking. Washington Post 4/9/89 a18
1499
1500  paraguay, germany,  51-85  CIA docs released on 2/26/85 indicate that josef
1501  mengele may have been heavily involved in narcotics traffic. Washington
1502  Post 2/27/85 a14
1503
1504  pentagon scaling back op support justice - bush scheme to interdict drug
1505  flights from peru, bolivia and Colombia. CIA recently reported counterdrug
1506  and crop-substitution programs in andean nations had little effect. after 4
1507  years and hundreds of millions, bolivian coca crop is down slightly. peru's
1508  is up 9%, with larger increase projected for 94. newsweek 4/5/93 4
1509
1510  peru.  92  in op furtive bear a c-130h reconnaissance plane was secretly
1511  photographing coca fields in counter-drug ops. plane shot at by peruvian
1512  war planes and forced to land. one airman killed. DEA has a
1513  counternarcotics base at santa lucia. neither side wants to investigate.
1514  newsweek 5/31/93 35
1515
1516  peru. pip (peruvian investigative police): peru's elite, and corrupt,
1517  police Agency assigned to combat drug trafficking but penetrated by drug
1518  traffickers; responsible for atrocities against peasants and human rights
1519  workers. scott, p. & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 261
1520
1521  peru,  85-86  DEA, CIA and the guardia civil devised condor. after prodding
1522  CIA provided DEA with satellite photos to help spot drug labs. Castillo, C.
1523  (1994). Powderburns 95
1524
1525  peru,  87-94  DEA plane, 5 agents missing in peru's jungle. agents part of
1526  "op snowcap," program aimed at stemming cocaine traffic from peru and
1527  bolivia. program began in 87, to allow DEA agents help law enforcement in
1528  peru and bolivia. about 10 DEA agents in peru and 12 assigned to bolivia.
1529  peru source of 60% of world's coca, from which cocaine manufactured.
1530  Washington Times 8/29/94 a5
1531
1532
1533  santiago ocampo zuluaga: associate of cali cartel kingpin gilberto
1534  rodriguez orejuela, president of mas; indicted in 1980. scott, p. &
1535  marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 261
1536
1537  southeast asia,  92  58% of heroin in U.S. originated in the golden
1538  triangle - remainder from southwest asia and mexico. DEA offices in sea
1539  work to stem flow. DEA had 35 special agents and 4 intel analysts in Burma.
1540  hong kong, singapore and thailand. ops in Burma limited and DEA has no
1541  office in Laos. gao recommends DEA adequately identify its need for intel
1542  analyst support and conduct an assessment of its need for analysts in sea
1543  and reevaluate its recruitment selection and training process. U.S. general
1544  accounting office nsiad-93-82 12/92 3-4
1545
1546  southeast asia, pakistan,  88  the majority of drugs coming into the U.S.
1547  from the golden crescent around pakistan and southeast asia said DEA head
1548  lawn. in sea most of the heroin goes thru thailand. Washington Post 3/16/88
1549  a16
1550
1551  southern asia,  80-90  during 80s CIA ops in afghanistan transformed s.
1552  asia from self-contained opium zone to major supplier heroin on world
1553  market. phc 441. saudi arabia delivered their aid directly to client
1554  guerrilla groups inside afghanistan, most allied agencies, the CIA
1555  included, worked thru gen zia's [of pakistan], the inter service intel
1556  (isi). CIA relationship with isi complex, CIA commanded vast arsenal funds
1557  and high-tech weapons that dwarfed isi's meager budget. mccoy, a.w. (1991).
1558  the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 49
1559
1560  steven carr: witness who said he saw cocaine stored with arms for contras
1561  and who died mysteriously shortly after his story became public. scott, p.
1562  & marshall, j. (1991). Cocaine Politics 259
1563
1564  thailand,  69-76  the CIA consistently attempted to have legal action
1565  against khramkhruan puttaporn (who accused of smuggling drugs into the
1566  U.S.) dismissed by a variety of legal procedures. it provided incomplete
1567  docs to the U.S. attorney general's office and refused to provide a
1568  rebuttal witness. greaney recommended asking the U.S. attorney general to
1569  drop the prosecution because the Agency would have to resist the production
1570  of files and documents as well as subpoenas for witnesses to testify. house
1571  reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76
1572
1573  thailand,  70-76  CIA given the responsibility for narcotics intel but they
1574  supporting the prime movers. even though CIA facilitating movement of
1575  opiates to the U.S. it hid behind the shield of secrecy. the CIA mislead
1576  senator percy and this subcommittee. puttaporn was a CIA operative for at
1577  least 3 years on narcotics intel. purpose of stopping trafficking was not
1578  his prime activity. he and the CIA both involved in supporting the
1579  traffickers. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76
1580
1581  thailand,  70-76  puttaporn khramkhruan investigated by house reps gvt ops
1582  committee re his CIA connections. puttaporn said he managed the hill tribes
1583  project distribution firm in chiang mai. puttaporn had 3 bosses, the CIA,
1584  the bpp and joseph z. taylor & associates - all of which interrelated.
1585  puttaporn one of 49 thai/native specialists employed by taylor to act as
1586  intermediaries with the hill tribe people. house reps gvt ops committee
1587  memo 2/18/76
1588
1589  thailand,  70-90  thai general kriangsak chamanand who took power in a coup
1590  in 77 had served as a key link in CIA covert ops during the Vietnam war,
1591  including use of thai mercenaries to fight the secret war in Laos. he was
1592  named in classified intel reports as the direct recipient of payoffs from
1593  armed groups controlling the opium traffic in thailand and Burma. at least
1594  three KMT rebel armies with present or past clandestine support of CIA.
1595  marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 40
1596
1597  thailand,  72  a gvt report said joseph z. taylor, development consultant
1598  (devcom) group is headed by ray coffey of CIA and eugene scales. eight
1599  people of devcom are bpp advisors. the bpp is engaged in smuggling
1600  activities. house reps gvt ops committee memo 2/18/76
1601
1602  thailand,  72  cos in chiang mai is robert (bob) brewer. ten americans
1603  agents and one air america pilot. 90% of efforts in narcotics intel
1604  collection. ironic CIA given responsibility for narcotics intel,
1605  particularly since they supporting prime movers. even though CIA
1606  facilitating movement of opiates to U.S. they hid behind shield of secrecy
1607  for "national security reasons." much info given by them to various
1608  congressional committees was inaccurate. congressional memo 7/18/76 7
1609
1610  thailand,  73-76  puttaporn khramkhruan, employed by CIA to get intel on
1611  narcotics, was an alleged member of an opium ring. U.S. customs discovered
1612  parcel of 59 pounds opium from thailand to U.S. they found his name and
1613  address in chieng mai, thailand. he arrested in 7/73. CIA said it would not
1614  cooperate in the case and case dismissed. corn, d. (1994). blond ghost: ted
1615  shackley and the CIA's crusades 300
1616
1617  thailand, Burma,  87  opium warlord, khun sa, whose narcotics trafficking
1618  supports an armed rebellion against Burma is reported under attacks from
1619  thai and burmese forces. bangkok has a longstanding reward posted for the
1620  capture of khun sa, whose real name is chang si fu. New York Times 2/22/87
1621  18
1622
1623  turkey, ankara,  71-73  as deputy chief of station, clarridge was to
1624  coordinate drug interdiction with the DEA, a complex task. problems between
1625  CIA and DEA. providing evidence for court from technical ops -- CIA cannot
1626  afford to lose these technical ops and are a real impediment to CIA support
1627  to tactical drug enforcement. richard salmi was DEA rep in turkey.
1628  clariddge, d. (1997). a spy for all seasons 119
1629
1630  venezuela,  85-96  a former head of venezuela's CIA-financed anti-drug
1631  Agency, gen. ramon guillen davila, was indicted by a federal grand jury on
1632  charges he plotted to smuggle cocaine into the us. it widely reported three
1633  years ago that the CIA let guillen smuggle some cocaine into the us over
1634  the objections of the U.S. drug enforcement adm. CIA denied the reports.
1635  guillen said his venezuelan national guard anti-narcotics unit sent about
1636  4,100 pounds of cocaine to the us with the knowledge of the CIA and the DEA
1637  to help U.S. officials snare drug traffickers. but law-enforcement
1638  officials said guillen's unit shipped as much as 22 tons of cocaine into
1639  the us during the period when he headed it, between 1987 and 1991.
1640  officials said CIA agents working with guillen approved the delivery of one
1641  and possibly two cocaine shipments totaling more than a ton, which were
1642  smuggled into the united states. purported motive was to help gather intel
1643  about drug-smuggling networks and strengthen position of a key confidential
1644  informant within Colombia's drug cartels. cocaine was not supposed to reach
1645  U.S. users but it often did. no CIA officials were charged in the
1646  indictment. AP 11/21/96
1647
1648  venezuela,  87-96  gen ramon guillen davila, the head of the venezuelan
1649  national guard for four years and once CIA's most trusted man in that
1650  country, indicted on drug trafficking charges. he is charged with smuggling
1651  as much as 22 tons of cocaine into the U.S. while chief of the guard's
1652  anti-drug bureau between 87-91. as head of the anti-drug unit he worked
1653  closely with DEA and CIA. Washington Post 11/24/96 a16
1654
1655  venezuela,  90-97  a former CIA agent, mark mcfarlin, testified to
1656  double-crosses and betrayal in venezuela, as leaders of an elite unit set
1657  up by the intel Agency to fight smuggling instead protected huge drug
1658  shipments to south florida. several large shipments were seized, but after
1659  the fact they learned that hundreds of pounds got through. no major drug
1660  lords were captured, and a large CIA-dea rift was revealed. mcfarlin's
1661  testimony, came in the trial of adolfo romero gomez, former aide to a
1662  retired venezuelan general, ramon guillen davila, who ran his nation's drug
1663  war from 1988 to 1992. guillen, once a trusted operative of the CIA was
1664  charged with romero with a broad conspiracy to smuggle up to 22 tons of
1665  cocaine through venezuela to miami during that time. the CIA in venezuela
1666  trained and equipped a special intel unit of The National guard. mcfarlin
1667  and other U.S. agents taught venezuelans tradecraft. in 1989, guillen told
1668  CIA and DEA that Colombian suppliers wanted to truck large amounts of
1669  cocaine across the border to venezuela for storage and eventual shipment,
1670  and romero was the Colombians' contact. U.S. agents saw a chance to track
1671  ``controlled deliveries'' of the drugs and capture major traffickers.
1672  mcfarlin learned in late 1990 that the national guard was involved in the
1673  drug-trafficking it was supposed to stop, allowing some of the cocaine to
1674  be flown to south florida without U.S. knowledge. for his part, mcfarlin
1675  was asked to resign from the CIA in 1992. mcfarlin's station chief was
1676  retired. the miami herald 9/18/97
1677
1678  Vietnam,  58-62  ngo dinh nhu used vnese intel in Laos and indochina's
1679  corsican underworld's charter airlines to ship opium. in 61-62 he also used
1680  first transport group (which then flying intel missions into Laos for CIA
1681  under control of gen ky) to ship raw opium to saigon. mccoy, a.w. (1991).
1682  the politics of heroin: CIA complicity in the global drug traffic 197
1683
1684  Vietnam, australia,  75  an american intel officer who served with
1685  australians, william corson, claimed CIA aircraft flew secret cargoes of
1686  drugs in `black airfields' in remote parts of australia during final weeks
1687  of vn war. toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). oyster: the story of the
1688  australian secret intelligence service 252
1689
1690  Vietnam, cuba,  47-90  lucien conein of long-term CIA ops fame, was given a
1691  consulting job with the BNDD. conein recruited former CIA agents for ops.
1692  his op was first code-named "buncin" and later "deacon" to create an
1693  international net of deep cover assets. to "immobilize or eliminate
1694  international sources of illicit drugs and significant drug traffickers."
1695  all assets were former CIA agents from the miami area. although aimed at
1696  drug traffickers, the intel gathered by DEAcon included reports on
1697  "violation of neutrality laws, extremist groups and terrorism, and
1698  information of a political nature." project in three years produced only a
1699  single drug bust. marshall, j. (1991). Drug Wars 61
1700
1701  zodiac company a CIA front linked possible cuban exiles in drug traffic.
1702  blum, w. (1986). the CIA a forgotten history 214
1703
1704  domestic op, michael tolliver speaking from wichita courtroom about his
1705  CIA-protected drug smuggling. claims he landed 25,000 pounds marijuana at
1706  air force base in florida. the progressive 4/88 11
1707
1708  drugs, thailand. thai national arrested re smuggling opium to U.S. did
1709  antidrug intel work under cover of handicraft business set up by jospeh z.
1710  taylor and associates a CIA proprietary whose corporate secretary once
1711  worked for united business associates. law case would have exposed aid's
1712  role in providing cover for CIA.  air america 245-6
1713
1714  early  50  CIA recruited corsican gangsters to battle commie strikers. both
1715  sicilian mafia and corsican underworld played key role in europe's post war
1716  heroin traffic and provided most heroin in us for next two decades. CIA did
1717  not dabble in drugs to finance its ops, CIA's role simply inadvertent
1718  consequence its cold war tactics. mccoy, a.w. (1972). the politics of
1719  heroin in southeast asia 7-8
1720
1721  enterprise.  86  secord and hakim two of four owners of tri-american arms.
1722  two major ops planned for company were manufacture of submachine guns and
1723  bulk manufacturing of opium alkaloids. iran-contra affair. (congress
1724  committees) 349
1725
1726  western enterprises early  50  CIA's cover org on taiwan. closed down in
1727  54  and resettled 7-10,000 nat guerrillas in Burma. most in Burma in drug
1728  traffic using money and planes supplied by CIA. ready market in thailand
1729  thru pha syrinod. garwood, d. (1985). under cover 223
1730                       CIABASE
1731
1732   CIABASE is a computer data base on the Central Intelligence
1733Agency that provides a vital, easy-to-use, historical resource for
1734policy makers, academicians, journalists, activists, and students.
1735
1736   CIABASE consists of eleven megabytes of data, divided into 100+
1737categories containing about 35,000 annotated and sourced entries,
1738for hard disk IBM compatible and MACINTOSH personal computers.
1739
1740   CIABASE provides data on the CIA and other individual or
1741organizational entities, from information gleaned from 850+
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1743reports, newspapers, and magazines, including more than 500
1744books.
1745
1746   CIABASE provides rapid access to specific data, scanning in
1747seconds the entire collection for word, or word-combinations, plus
1748date requests; e.g."Covert Action" "China" "94-95," or, "Domestic
1749Operations," "96." Results can be displayed, printed, or sent to
1750user-named files for editing or transmitting.
1751
1752Users comments:
1753
1754   Professor of intelligence at American University, and formerly
1755Commandant of the the Defense Intelligence College, John Macartney,
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1760of dollars....I am in awe of the massive effort....in short I have
1761found CIABASE invaluable, indeed indispensable..."
1762Dr. John Macartney, American University.
1763
1764   "An outstanding job." Seymour Hersh, Pulitzer-prize-winning
1765journalist.
1766
1767   "A tremendously useful tool for any reporter or researcher."
1768The Nation.
1769
1770   "A powerful tool that includes obscure sources and a
1771comprehensive cross-index." The Progressive.
1772
1773   "An encyclopedia of CIA actions." San Francisco Chronicle.
1774
1775   "An amazing addition to the information world....
1776it is absolutely indispensable." Louis Wolf, editor
1777Covert Action Quarterly.
1778
1779   "Former CIA officer Ralph McGehee has recently updated his
1780excellent CIABASE system adding information from a number of new
1781on-line or printed publications..." "Intelligence" an on-line
1782magazine on worldwide developments in intelligence, 9/11/95.
1783
1784   The CIA called Ralph McGehee, who compiled CIABASE, an
1785analyst with few peers. McGehee served 25 years in the CIA,
178614 years overseas as an operations officer and 11 years at its
1787headquarters.  Upon leaving the CIA, McGehee wrote the book
1788"Deadly Deceits" and began the multi-year process of compiling
1789CIABASE.  McGehee is a recognized authority on the CIA and has
1790testified many times both in Congress and in the courts and has
1791appeared numerous times on radio and TV.
1792
1793            ----------------------------------
1794            CIABASE ORDER FORM - IBM/MACINTOSH
1795            ----------------------------------
1796
1797CIABASE works with any monitor. A hard disk is essential due to
1798the over 11MB of information with the 48K search program software.
1799
1800IBM compatible: [ ]  3.5-inch, 1.4MB disks
1801
1802MACINTOSH - [ ] 1.4MB disks
1803
1804Please enclose a check or money order for $199.00 (no checks
1805drawn on foreign banks).
1806
1807CIABASE provides original purchasers updates @ $99.00. CIABASE
1808holds most all source material and will photocopy for a fee.
1809
1810CIABASE  POB 5022
1811Herndon, VA, 20172-1961
1812Phone & Fax (703) 437-8487
1813E-mail rmcg...@igc.apc.org
1814
1815For a one-level trial search of CIABASE's four-field
1816search structure, see the prize-winning web site at --
1817http://www.webcom.com/%7Epinknoiz/covert/ciabase.html