· 8 years ago · May 14, 2018, 05:32 PM
1PRP V , N V N V N V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> you know , one of the big things that travel and i 'm going to do with the races of ethnic research is to live together with people who are still holding on the old days , and they feel still taste in the bitter leaves of plants .
2V N V N , N V N V PRP N , N V PRP N . <eoc> just knowing that jamal shaen is still beyond the milky way or the meaning of the most of the oldest of the oldest of the fruit of the oldest of the most inuit , or that in the himalayas is the process of a group of certain possibilities that our ancestors , however successfully , many generations we chose .
3N , PRP V N . <eoc> and of course , we all share the same adapnecessities .
4PRP V . PRP V N . <eoc> we 're all born . we bring children to the world .
5PRP V N . <eoc> we 're starting to start iterations .
6PRP V N , PRP V PRP V , V . <eoc> we need to be mixed with the insatiative separation of death , and so it shouldn 't surprise us that we all sing , dancing and art .
7V N , N . <eoc> but interesting is the unique case of the lie , the rhythm of dance in every culture .
8PRP V N V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> it doesn 't matter whether it 's about the penn from borneo , or the voodoo heredipa month in haiti , or the soldier in the kailaov desert in the woods , or even an yirie trigger on the hanging of the qovima , everest , the godmother of the world .
9N V PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> all these people are teaching us that there are other ways , or other ways of thinking , other ways of engaging in earth .
10V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's an idea that if you think about it to make one of hope .
11, N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> together , the myriad cultures of the world is a web of spiritual and cultural life , that the earth is the earth , and for the earth as important as the biological life system that is known as a biosphere .
12PRP V N , N V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> you can imagine this cultural network as a race , race can do as the total sum of all the thoughts and dreams , myths , myths , inspections and intuitions that have been taken from the human imagination since the beginnings of consciousness .
13N V N . <eoc> the ethnic onosphere is the great legacy of humanity .
14PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's the symbol of all of what we are , and what we are as amazing as amazing people are capable of .
15N V , N V N . <eoc> and as the biosphere has been strong , this was happening with ethnic plantation -- only with greater speed .
16N , N V N V N , PRP V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> no biologist , for example , cars would say that 50 percent or more of all species of all species is going to go out there because it 's just not true -- and yet , this -- the apocalypse scenario is known to the area of our cultural diversity .
17N V N . <eoc> and the critical indicator of this is the extinction of languages .
18PRP V N , V N . <eoc> when each of them were born in this room , were spoken on the earth of 6,000 languages .
19, N V N . <eoc> now , language is not just the population of the voids or a series of grammar dishes .
20N V N . <eoc> a language is expression of the human mind .
21PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a tool that can find the soul of a certain culture of a certain culture of physical world .
22N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> every language is like an ancient forest of mind , a tipping point , a thought , an ecosystem of spiritual possibilities .
23N , PRP V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> and from these 6,000 languages now , as we sit in monterey here in monterey , right half no longer in your ears of children .
24PRP V N . V N V , PRP V . <eoc> they 're not taught small kids . that means when nothing is done , they 're actually dead .
25V N V PRP N V PRP N , N V N , V N . <eoc> what could be more lonely when the silence is to be one of your people who speak your language , no way to have the wisdom of the ancestors , or to expect hope ?
26, N V N , N , N V N V N . <eoc> and yet , this terrible fate is actually going on the earth , about every two weeks , because every two weeks that an older person dies and takes the last silmary of an old language to the grave .
27N V PRP V , V PRP V . N V N , PRP V N . V N . <eoc> and i know some of you say , " is it not better ? " would the world not be a better place if we were all going to speak in yoruba , let 's be cannesty .
28V PRP V N . N <eoc> let 's be kogi . "
29PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and then they would suddenly realize how it would be if they couldn 't speak their own language .
30V PRP N , N , V N V PRP V . <eoc> so i want to take you in a sense of this today , to a journey by ethnicity , a short journey by ethnicity to try to understand what 's actually lost on them .
31V PRP V N V N , N PRP N . <eoc> now there are some of us that i actually forget that i say " different possibilities of his , " really different possibilities of existence .
32N , N , N , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> so for example , this child of the barasana in the northwest of the amazon , the people of anagkamda , believe , that they came from the gulf river in the belly of sacred snakes .
33V N , V N , N V N V . <eoc> this is a people , which is not cognitively between the colors of blue and green , because the sky is the forest that people depend on .
34PRP V N , N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> you have a kind of language , and a past-call that is called the linguistic exotic exotic , you have to marry someone who speaks a different language .
35V N , V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> all this is rooted in the mythological past , which is like these big houses for these large houses where there were six or seven languages , but that you never hear somebody who 's learning a language .
36PRP V , V . <eoc> you just hear about , and start talking .
37, N V , N , N V . <eoc> or , one of the most intriguing tribes that i 've ever lived with , the waeiani in the northeast of ecuador , an amazing people that came out in 1958 .
38N , N V N V N . <eoc> in 1957 , five mineare were trying to absorb five minies contact recording and made a tough mistake .
39PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> they were flashing photographs from the air , which we would grade as a friendly gesture , they forgot that these people in their lives have never seen anything two-dimensional .
40PRP V N , V N , V N V N V N . <eoc> they took these photographs from the forest floor , trying to see behind the face or the character , not found anything and judgment that this is a business maps of the devil and killing the five mielout of the spear .
41N V N . <eoc> but the waani killed not only the outside of the spear .
42PRP V . <eoc> they were drilling up each other .
43N V N . <eoc> 54 percent of the deaths happened through respiratory power .
44PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we went back to the geneticists eight generations back , and they found two cases of a natural death and when we passed the people on the pressure , they gave him that one of the people died , and we killed him still with the spear .
45N , PRP V N V . <eoc> but at the same time , they had a clear forest forest which was amazing .
46PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> their hunters could smell of a form of a house of 40 steps , and determine what animal species of this story .
47N , N V N PRP N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> in the early 1960 , i got a really amazing job when i asked my professor at harvard wondering if i was interested in walking up and the poison societies were used to be used to make zomica .
48V N , N V N V N . <eoc> to give a sense of a sense , i had to know something about this remarkable faith in the voodoo is not a cult of black magic .
49N , PRP V N . <eoc> in the contrary , it 's a complex metachanger .
50PRP V . <eoc> it 's interesting .
51N V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> if i would ask you to count the great world religions , what would you say ?
52N , N , N , N . <eoc> christianity , islam , buddhism , judaism , or whatever .
53N V , N V N V N , N , V N V N . <eoc> a continent is always going to leave , because the guess is that there 's no religious belief in sub-saharan africa , of course , there was a and voodoo is just the major religious thought that was made of a very profound religious thought in the outset of the time of slavery .
54V N V N . <eoc> but what is so interesting to do this is this living relationship between the living and the dead .
55N V N . <eoc> the living forces the spirits .
56N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> the spirits can be determined by under the great water , answers to the rhythm of dance to deny the soul of living , so that the acolleague is a short moment to god .
57N V N , N PRP N V N . <eoc> descartes said the voodootic men , " her white is in the church and talking about god .
58PRP V N . N <eoc> we dance in the temple and become god . "
59PRP V , PRP V PRP N . PRP V . <eoc> and because you 're obsessed , you 're taken from your mind . how can you damage ?
60V N , N , N , N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> look at this amazing demonstrations , voodoo amcolleague in a trance , the glowing coal without burning coal , an amazing illustration of the ability of the spirit of the spirit that it will be held in a state of extreme arousal .
61, N V N V N , N . <eoc> now , from all the people i met were the kogi from the sierra nevada mountains in northern columbia , the most extraordinary thing .
62N V N , N , N V N V N . <eoc> the old tyrannicivilization gave the ex-tyronic civilization of colombia populations , and in a consequence of creation , this people turned into an isolated volcanic erupting volcanic erupting that the erupting volcanic level .
63N , N V N V N . <eoc> in a blood clold continent , these people were the only one that never conquered the complication .
64N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> to the day , they 're ruled by a ritual priesthood , the education of the priesthood is very extraordinary .
65N V N PRP N , N , V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> the young acolleague are separated from the age of three and four years from their families , and in a deep world of a dark world in a dark world in a rock and a lot of pregnancy , now , it 's a metamorphic mother , now , takes me metamorphoric in the lap of the great mother .
66N , PRP V N PRP N , N V PRP N PRP N , PRP N , N PRP V N . <eoc> and during that time , they 're introduced culturally into the values of their society , values that maintain the claim that their prayers , and only their prayers , their prayers -- or we could say the ecological -- balance .
67N , PRP V N V N PRP N , N , PRP V , V PRP V . PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> at the end of this amazing initiation , you will suddenly come out of a day and the first time in your life , at the age of 18 years , you see , " you see ? it 's really what i told you .
68PRP V . PRP V PRP . V <eoc> it 's so wonderful . you must protect it . "
69PRP V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> they call the older brothers and say that we are the younger brothers to be responsible for the destruction of the world .
70N V . <eoc> now this level of intuition is very important .
71PRP V N , PRP V N , V N PRP V . <eoc> whenever we think about innate and landscapes , we 're either roussau and the old smells of nobots , which in his simplification is connected to nature as we are .
72, N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , native americans are not sentimental , they 're not swinging by nostalgia .
73PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not a lot of space in the malaria -- the asmat and the cold winds of tibet , but they have also shaped by time and ritual that the earth can be shaped , because it 's in the human mind that it 's being immersed in the human mind .
74, V . <eoc> now , what does that mean ?
75PRP V N V N V N V PRP N V N V . <eoc> it means that a little kid from the andandi growing up in the belief that the mountain of a single mind is a little baby in the world or to be a little child in the belief that a mountain of a pile of stone is that it can be missed .
76PRP V N , N V . <eoc> whether it 's a place of a mind or a bunch of a mind , or a pile is irrelevant .
77N V N V N . <eoc> the interesting thing is the metaphor that is defined by the relationship between the individual and nature .
78N V N , V N V . <eoc> i grew up in the forests of british colombia , and believed that these forests were there to be smell .
79V PRP N PRP N , V N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> this made me to another person as my friends under the kwakul , who believe that these forests of hukuk and the curved world of hukuk and the rudimentary spirit of living in the world of the world , would be able to participate in their hate recortion .
80, PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> now , when you start looking at the idea that these cultures can create different realities , you can understand some of your extraordinary discoveries , like this plant here .
81PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a photograph i 've taken last april in the north west of the amazon .
82V N , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> this is ayhuascua , which many of you have heard , the most powerful psychoactive agency is from the repertoire of the shaman .
83N V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> what ayahuascua is so fascinating is not just the pharmacologic potential of this pre-part of processing , but it 's going to be made from two different sources of coffee plants with the name of a psychotridis mix with the name of a siotridis mix .
84N V N , N , N . <eoc> this plant contains some very powerful polyyptaines that are serotonin , diomehylando five , diometric fibromos-five and methydiometrapy-triplex.
85PRP V N , PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> if you 've seen the yanasmi , as you see this stuff snorting , this substance that they actually generate in different kinds of things including methyltrometrapytrap.
86N V N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> this powder is like shousted about the way out of a bullet , put out of baroque paintings and the landing on a sea of electricity , and the landing on a sea of electricity .
87PRP V N , V N . <eoc> it 's not going to create the distortion of reality , but the resolution of reality .
88N V PRP N , N , N V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i even have with my professor , richard evan shum , the man who could put the psychedelic angel in mexico with a magical fungus in mexico , where you could feel the impact on the way to experience a hallucination .
89N V PRP V , PRP V N , N , V . <eoc> but the thing with tryptophmines is that they can 't be orally biased , because they 're in the human gut , of course , with the so-called monolithic reactor .
90PRP V N V N . <eoc> you can only be put in connection with some other chemicals that are going to demonstrate the mast .
91N V N V N , N V N . N PRP . <eoc> now the intriguing thing is that the beta bolt that are contained in the liane , mao-inhiza , the way that is necessary to make the trypsum up to power . ask yourself .
92N V N V N V N , V N V N PRP N . <eoc> how can these people from a thriving of 80,000 species of flowering plants that are literally not related to the amount of people in the way that can combine plants , which are combined in this way that the whole size of biochemical version is so that the whole greater than the sum of its parts ?
93PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> we use this great euphemism , try and error , which turns out to be meaningless .
94PRP V N , PRP V , N V PRP . V <eoc> but you ask the indians , they say , " the plant is talking to us . "
95, V . <eoc> so , what does that mean ?
96N , N , V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> this tribe , the cofan , have 17 varieties of ayahuascua that they 're all facing in a very distance in the forest that are looking for our eyes as a form .
97PRP V PRP V PRP N , PRP V , N V PRP V N . <eoc> and then you ask them how they cause their taoome reasons , and they say , " i thought you understand something of plants .
98V , PRP V N . N V , N . N <eoc> i mean , you don 't know anything ? " and i said , " no . "
99, PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , it turns out you take each of the 17 varieties of the entire moon , and you sing in a different scale .
100, PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> well , it doesn 't give you a ph.d. at harvard , but it 's much more interesting than stoning .
101, N V PRP V N V N , V PRP N , V . <eoc> well , the problem -- the problem is that even those of us who have to make sympathy for the difficult condition of native americans , which is what our world is , increasing .
102, N V PRP V N , N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> so , in fact that you 're going to remember the 20th century , 300 years from the war or technical innovation , but rather than an era in the earth , and the problem is not the change in the earth . so the problem is not change .
103N V N . <eoc> all cultures have been involved in the dance with new life opportunities .
104N V N . <eoc> and the problem is not the technology .
105N V N , PRP V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> the statoun indians weren 't listening to be less in sioux , when she bows and arrow tasks , when the americans were listening to be americans when they were horse and buggy assignments .
106N V N . PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> not change and technology is killing the state of race . it 's power . it 's ugly face of the regime .
107PRP V N , PRP V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and wherever you look at the world , you will discover that these cultures are not being humiliated by the demise , these are dynamic living peoples that have been being pirated during the gold rush .
108PRP V N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> or if we go to the mountains of tibet , where i study a lot of discovery , you will see the ugly face of the political dominance .
109PRP V , N , N V , N , N , V N , N . <eoc> you know , the genocide , the phy-or-death row in general , but the ethnic quotent , the destruction of people 's lifestyle , not just not to be convicted , but in general , and also celebrated as part of development strategy .
110PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and you can 't understand the suffering of the suffering , if you haven 't seen it at the end level .
111N V N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i was traveling once with a young colleague of stone , in western china overland with southeast tibet from southeast tibet , and only when i came to lhasa , i saw the face of the statistics that were killed during the cultural revolution from the cacans .
112N V N . <eoc> the father of this young man was identified as the followers of the panthee .
113PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it meant that it was killed during the chinese invasion instantly .
114PRP N V PRP N , N V . <eoc> his uncle fled in the diaspora with her sanctia , who brought people to nepal .
115PRP N V , N . <eoc> his mother was imprisoned , as punishment for -- for the crime .
116PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> he was swowed in the age of two years to hide underneath her rockpie , because she couldn 't live without it .
117N V N V N . <eoc> the sister who ran this bag was turned into an educational camp .
118N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> one day , she walked out of a armband book , and they had to be a heavy trial for seven years .
119N V , N V N . <eoc> the suffering can be intolerable , but the power of people 's a little bit unforgettable .
120N , PRP V N . V PRP V N . <eoc> and at the end , we really want to have a choice . do we want to live in a monopoly world of mostheone or in a polytical world of diversity ?
121N , N V PRP V PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> margaret mead , the great anthropologist before she died that it was the greatest fear that we were going to have forgotten , while we were going to wake up in a dream of a dream of a dream .
122PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and it 's humtifying to thinking that our species exists perhaps there for 600,000 years .
123N V PRP N , PRP V N V N , N , N . <eoc> the neoic revolution that brought us agriculture , and we took this moment of the seeds of the seeds of the sun 's poetry to put on the shaman of the priesthood and hierarchy , specialization , specialization , just 10,000 years ago .
124N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> the modern industrial world as we know it is hardly 300 years old .
125, N V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> now , this shallow story doesn 't tell me that we all have answers to the challenges that we stand in the next millennia .
126PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if we were to the importance of the world of human beings , they respond to 10,000 different voices .
127N PRP V N V PRP V N V N V N V . V N . <eoc> and in this song we will discover the possibility of being to be what we are : people with full awareness who are aware of the importance that all people and gardens are in the room are going to have to be secure . and there are great moments of optimism .
128V N V N , N V N , N , N V PRP N . <eoc> here 's a picture i took on the north end of the baffen islands , when i went to the narwham hunt , and this man , oklahoma , told me a wonderful story of his grandfather .
129N V N V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> the canadian government is not always done very well with the inuit and during the 50-year period of our domination years , they were forced to pull in settlements .
130N V . <eoc> the grandfather of that old husband refused .
131N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> the family who was frightened of his life was giving him all the guns and all the tools .
132PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> now you have to know that the inuit have no fear of the cold , they used them to their advantage .
133N V PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> the tracks of their sleek were originally made of fish , which was wrapped in atbua skin .
134N V N V N . <eoc> the man 's grandfather didn 't freak out of the arctic night or the dying storm .
135PRP V , V PRP N , V PRP N , N V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> he hatched out , leaving his pants out of sandfur , and derolled in his hand , and when the feces started to freeze , he shaped her into the shape of a knife .
136PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> he was drinking on the sides of the townian knife , and when it was completely frozen , he was a dog .
137PRP V N V N , V N , V N , V N . <eoc> he pulled the dog and improvising a chirr , took the skeleton of the dog and improvising , put a sleek , put a different dog on the ice on the ice shelf on the phoenix islands .
138PRP V N . <eoc> you can 't do anything like that .
139V N . <eoc> and this is a symbol for the resistance of the inuit and the native species in the world .
140N V N , V N . <eoc> the canadian government gave the inuit in april in april 1999 , complete control of an area which is bigger than california and texas .
141PRP V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> it 's our new home , and it 's called the following .
142PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's an independent area . they control all the mineral benefits .
143N , N , N V PRP N . <eoc> an amazing example , like a nation , a state that can seek rem with your people and achieve .
144, V PRP V , PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> and finally , i think it 's pretty obvious , at least for those of us who are traveling to these distant goals of the earth to realize that they 're not away at all .
145PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they are their home countries .
146PRP V N V N , PRP , N V N PRP N . <eoc> they represent parts of the human imagination that go back in past times , and for all of us , the dreams of these children are being part of our own children in the geography of hope .
147PRP V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> what we 're trying to do at national geographic is that we believe that politicians never achieve anything .
148PRP V N PRP V N V , PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> we believe that powleomics -- we believe that smallpox is not conclusive , but we believe that storytelling can change the world , and so we 're probably the best institution for storytelling in the world , and our website gets 35 million hits every month .
149N PRP N . <eoc> 156 nations at our tv channel .
150PRP N V N . <eoc> our magazines are read by millions .
151PRP V N PRP V PRP N PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> and we have a series of trips in the ethnic plantation that we can take our audience to places from such cultural miracles that they can find a way of living in a really multicultural pluralist world where the wisdom of all people can contribute to our collective well-being .
152N . <eoc> thanks .
153N V PRP V N , N PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> what i 'm first to show you is as fast as possible to show is the basic work , a new technology that we can deal with microsoft as a part of a single year in which they can either be locally or removed from visual data .
154PRP V , N , V N , V , V N . <eoc> we see many , many gigabytes of digital photographs here , which can be fixed and continuously moving , leaving , to create some way .
155PRP V N PRP V N V N V . <eoc> and it doesn 't matter how many information we see how big these collections are or how big the images are .
156PRP V N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> most of you are digital photos of a camera , but this one is like a scan of library of congress , and it 's in a region of 300 megawatts .
157PRP V N , N V N V N PRP N . PRP V N . <eoc> it doesn 't make any difference , because the only thing that can influence the performance of a system is the number of pixels on your screen in every moment . it 's also a very flexible architecture .
158V N , N . <eoc> this is a whole book , an example of non-imaging data .
159V N . N V N . <eoc> this is giant house of kunm . every column is a chapter .
160V PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> to prove that it 's really about a text and not about a picture , we can do something like this to show that it 's a real representation of the text and no image .
161V N V N . <eoc> maybe this is an artificial way to read an e-book .
162N V PRP . <eoc> i would recommend it .
163V N . V N . <eoc> this is a realistic case . this is a copy of the guardian .
164N V N . <eoc> every big picture is the beginning of a cut .
165V PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> and that gives you really the pleasure and the good experience of a real paper copy of a magazine or a newspaper , which is a kind of medium with multiple orders of magnitude .
166PRP V N . <eoc> we 've also done something on the corner of this particular copy of the guardian .
167PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 've designed a false ad with very high-resilience that much higher than a normal ad , and we added additional content .
168PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you want to see the functions of this car , you can see them here .
169N , N . <eoc> or other models , or even technical specialized .
170V N V N . <eoc> and this is really interfering with these ideas in order to make these restrictions for the available place on the screen .
171PRP V PRP V N , N V . <eoc> we hope that they don 't have a pop ups and other nonsense , that shouldn 't be necessary .
172N , N V N . <eoc> of course , the computing is one of the really obvious applications for a technology like this .
173V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and i don 't really want to spend a lot of time here , except to say that we 're going to contribute to this area .
174V N . <eoc> but these are all the streets in the united states .
175N , N . <eoc> all over the top of the earth 's space , nasa .
176, V N V N . <eoc> now , let 's get something else .
177V N . PRP V PRP . <eoc> this is actually live on the internet . you can check it .
178V N , V N . <eoc> this is a project with the name of prototyping , which actually connects two different technologies together .
179V N , N , V N , N , N . <eoc> one is seliphic car , and the other one is a very good research on computer vision , who by noah lovely , a university student at university of washington , under the consulting of steve setz at the banks .
180V N V . N . <eoc> and rick etareiswas conducted by microsoft research . a very good collaboration .
181V N . PRP V N . <eoc> so this is live on the internet . it 's powered by selix .
182PRP V PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> you can see that if we create these kinds of views that we can penetrate through images and make this experience of multifold resilience .
183N V N . <eoc> but the spatial orientation of the images is actually defined by meaning .
184N V N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> the computer vision algorithms have made these images together so they put the real room in which these images that were all going to be made in the gulf and these things have all expanded in relation to each other .
185V N V PRP N . <eoc> i don 't know exactly if i have time to show you other environments .
186V N V . <eoc> there are ones that are much more spatial .
187N V N V N , V N PRP V N PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> i would like to go straight to one of the original data sets of noah , and this is from a early prototype of pautm technology that we 've been working in summer to show you what i think is that clearly when you look at the environments that we have on the website .
188PRP V N . <eoc> we had to worry about the lawyers and so forth .
189V N V N , V N , V N V N . <eoc> this is a reconstruction of the cathedral lady who was served solely in the computer with images from flickr , just come up with notre dame on flickr and get a picture of men in a t-shirt , which was observed in this model .
190V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so these are all rubber images , and they all are in relation to each other in the context of each other .
191PRP V N . <eoc> and we can navigate this very simple way .
192PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> you know , i never believed i 'm going to work at microsoft .
193N V N . <eoc> i 'm very grateful for the reception here .
194N V PRP V N V N V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> i guess you can see that this is a lot of different kinds of cameras : everything is in the hand camera too professional camera , a pretty big number of you that have been pulled together in this environment .
195, V N . <eoc> and if possible , i 'm going to find some of the weird things .
196PRP V , . <eoc> many of them are covered in faces , etc .
197V N PRP V . <eoc> there are a series of photographs -- here we are .
198V N V . <eoc> this is actually a poster from notre dame who was really recorded right .
199PRP V N . <eoc> we can change from the poster to a physical view of this environment .
200N V PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N V . <eoc> the point is that we can do things with social environment , and it 's going to collect data from all of the collective memory -- from all the collective memory , like , visual the earth is -- and everything is linked to each other .
201N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> all of these photographs are linked together , and it creates something that 's bigger than the sum of the parts .
202PRP V N V N . <eoc> they get a model that comes out from all around the earth .
203N V N . <eoc> think of this as the sequel of the work of stephen lawler 's work on virtual earth .
204V N V N V PRP , N V N . <eoc> and this is something that is through the complexity that people use it , and the use of the user is always going to be larger than application .
205PRP N V N V N . <eoc> their own photos are being made with metadata that has come up with another person .
206N V N , V PRP V , PRP N V N V N . <eoc> if someone has done the effort and all of the holy complaint , and i divide who all of you are , then my photograph from the notre dong cathedral suddenly make social experience with the use of other players with the use of other players .
207N , N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> and of course , side product all of that are the immense amounts of virtual models of every interesting part of the earth , which has not only been through overflights or satellite images and so forth , but using collective memory .
208N . <eoc> thanks .
209V PRP . PRP N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> do i understand her right ? her software allows for a certain point in the next few years , all the images that are associated with someone in the world , in the principle of being interconnected ?
210. PRP V N . <eoc> yes . it doesn 't make any other than discover .
211PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> if you want them to create hyper-links between the images .
212PRP V N . <eoc> and she does this because of the content in the images .
213V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and that 's really exciting when you think about the whole of the semantic information that has many of these images .
214PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N V . <eoc> as if you do a web search for pictures , where you enter sentences , and the text of the website contains a lot of information about what image is .
215N PRP N . <eoc> but what about if the picture connected to all their images ?
216N , N V PRP , V . PRP V N . <eoc> and then the range of the semantic cross-connection , and the abundance that makes it very , really enormous . it 's a classic network effect .
217N , . N . <eoc> bladder , that 's really amazing . congratulations .
218N PRP . <eoc> thank you very much .
219N V PRP N PRP N V , N PRP V , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm going to tell you some of the things from my book that i hope , in the equilibrium with other things you 've already heard , and i 'm going to try to make a few connections if you didn 't notice that .
220N V N V N . N <eoc> i want to start with what i call " official dogma . "
221N . <eoc> the official dogma of what ?
222N V N . <eoc> the official belief system from all western industrialized societies .
223N V PRP N V N PRP N , V N . <eoc> the official dogma works like this : if our goal is to maximize the public well-being of our citizens , this is largely by the maximizing of freedom of the individual .
224N V N V PRP , N , N . <eoc> the reason for this is that freedom in itself is good , valuable , sense , a untestable assumption for human .
225N V N , PRP V N V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> if people have freedom , then each of us is to do the things that protect our public most likely and nobody has to choose for us .
226V N V N . <eoc> turning liberty to maximizing choice .
227N V , N PRP V , N PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> the more choices people have , the more freedom they have , and the more freedom they have , the more common they have .
228V , V PRP N V N V . <eoc> this is , i think so deep in our water supply that there was no way to question .
229PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and it 's also rooted deep in our lives .
230N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm going to give you some examples of what makes us modern progress .
231V PRP N . N . <eoc> this is my supermarket . no big one .
232N V N . <eoc> i just want to say a little bit about salatdressing .
233V N PRP N , PRP V N , N PRP V N PRP . <eoc> there are 175 dream in my supermarket , if you don 't take the 10 different olive oil , and 12 baleen and 12 baleen that you could buy a large number of odd lettuces in the improbable that none of the 175 in the store for you right .
234V N V . <eoc> so this is how the supermarket is .
235PRP V N V N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and then they go to the consumer electronics to put a stereo in a stereo -- speaker , cd plato , a box circuit , radio , amplifier , and in this one electronics , there 's so many stereotypical facilities .
236PRP V N V N . <eoc> we can put 25 million different stereo facilities out of the components that are offered in this one business .
237PRP V N . <eoc> you have to admit that this is a big choice .
238N , N . <eoc> in other areas , the world of communication .
239V N V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> there was a time when i was a boy , you couldn 't have any phone service you wanted until he came from a magazine .
240PRP V PRP N . PRP V PRP . <eoc> they rented their phone . they didn 't buy it .
241N V N V . <eoc> a consequence of that was that the telephone was never broken .
242N V . <eoc> these days are over .
243PRP V N , N . <eoc> we have nearly an infinite selection of telephones , especially in the world of mobile phones .
244V N . <eoc> these are the mobile phones of the future .
245PRP N V N , N , N . <eoc> my favorite part is in the middle -- dense playbook , nativity baldgeand rème , bruème brasty fakes .
246PRP V N PRP N , PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> and if you haven 't seen this till you haven 't seen in your business , you can be sure you 're going to be soon .
247PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and what it does is it brings people to walk into business and ask this question .
248PRP V N V . <eoc> you know what the answer to this question is ?
249N V . N <eoc> the answer is " no . "
250PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's not possible to buy a cell phone that doesn 't do too much .
251N , N V N , V N . <eoc> in other aspects of life , which are very much more significant than the purchase of items , is the same explosion of choice .
252N PRP V N PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> health -- it 's no longer the case in the united states that you go to doctor and doctor tells you what to do .
253, PRP V N V PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> instead , they go to doctor and doctor says that we could do a , or we could make b .
254PRP V N . <eoc> it has these benefits and risks .
255N V N . V PRP V . <eoc> b has these benefits and risks . what do you want to do ?
256PRP V , N , V . N <eoc> and they say , " doctor , what should i do ? "
257N V , N V N . <eoc> the doctor says , a has these benefits and risks and b has those benefits and risks .
258V PRP V . <eoc> what do you want to do ?
259PRP V , V PRP V , N , PRP V . N <eoc> and if they say , " if you were , doctor , what would you do ? "
260N V , N V PRP . V <eoc> the doctor says , " but i 'm not you . "
261N V PRP V N . V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> the result is -- we call this " patient autonomy . " that sounds like a good thing , but in reality is a shift of the burden of responsibility for someone who 's the best constitution -- to make the patient 's a decision -- from the patient .
262V N PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> there 's an enormous marketing drug for people like you and me , if you think about it , it doesn 't make sense because we don 't buy it .
263V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> why do they advertise to us if we can 't buy ?
264N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> the answer is : they 're expecting to call up the doctor on the next morning and ask to ask a change in the brain .
265N PRP N V N V . <eoc> something so profound as our identity is now a question of choice like this slide is supposed to show .
266PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we don 't have any identity , we invent them .
267PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and we also invent how many times we want .
268V N , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> that means that every day , when you wake up on the morning , you have to decide what kind of person you want to be .
269N , V N V N V PRP V , N V PRP V . <eoc> in terms of marriage and family , there was a time where the standard assumption was that almost everybody had one and they could get married as quickly as they could , and then children were getting better .
270N V , V PRP V . <eoc> the only real choice was " who , not when , and not what they did .
271N , N V . <eoc> today , everything is easy to have .
272V N , V PRP N V . <eoc> i teach great intelligent students , and i 'll give you 20 percent less work than i used to do .
273PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and it 's not because they 're less smart and not because they 're less careful .
274PRP V PRP V N , PRP V PRP , N V . V . <eoc> it 's because they 're busy with other things , they ask themselves , " should i marry or not ? should i get married ?
275V . N V N , V N . N <eoc> should i get married later ? should i only have children , or do a career ? "
276PRP V N . <eoc> they 're all excladers questions .
277PRP V N , V N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and you 'll answer these questions , whether this is to make all the tasks that i 'm able to do with you and don 't get a good note in my class .
278N , PRP V . V N . <eoc> and in fact , they should do that . these are important questions .
279N PRP V N V , N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> work -- we 're blessed as carl illustration of the technology , with the technology that allows us to work on every minute of every day to work on the planet -- until the ranking hotel .
280N , N , V N V N . <eoc> and by the way , there 's a corner , which i 'm not going to tell you about the wireless knife .
281N V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> i 'm not going to tell you because i want to use it .
282PRP V N PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> so what it means is that incredible freedom of choice we have to make decisions about work , again , and again , whether we should work or not work .
283PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N PRP N PRP N , PRP N PRP N . <eoc> we can look at our kids in football games , and we have our mobile phone and our blackberry to another hip , and we probably have our laptop on our lap .
284PRP V , N PRP V PRP N , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and even if they 're all shut down , every minute in which we have our child to get a football game , we also ask , " should i accept that call ?
285V N . V N . N <eoc> should i respond to that email ? should i write this letter ? "
286N V , V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> and even though the answer to the question " no , " is it certainly the experience of the football game of your child is very different than it .
287PRP V , N , N , N V N . <eoc> everywhere we look , large things and small things , material things and lifestyle , life is a question of choice .
288N PRP V . <eoc> and the world in which we lived in .
289V , V N , N V N . <eoc> so i want to say , there were some choices , but not everything was a question of choice .
290N PRP V . <eoc> and the world in which we now live in .
291N V , V N . <eoc> and the question is , are the good news or bad news ?
292N V . N <eoc> the answer is " yes . "
293PRP V N V , V PRP . <eoc> we all know what 's good about this , so i 'm going to talk about what bad about it .
294N V N , N . <eoc> all these choices have two effects , two negative effects on people .
295N , N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> an effect , paradoxically , it is that it 's going to escape paralysis .
296N PRP V , PRP V N V . <eoc> with so many options that you can choose , it 's a very difficult thing to decide .
297N V PRP N , V N . <eoc> i 'm going to give you another radical example of this , which is a study of investment in voluntary care .
298N V N V N , N . <eoc> a colleague who had access to an investment mechanism from vancouver , the giant foster society of about a million staff and about 2,000 different jobs .
299PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> and what she found was a 10 investment fund that the employers fund , the financing took off two percent .
300PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> they offer 50 investment funds -- 10 percent less employees than if they offer only five or five . why ?
301PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> because it 's 50 investment fund who are voting by choice , it 's so hard to decide which you should choose that you put it on tomorrow .
302N , N , N V . <eoc> and then tomorrow , and then tomorrow , tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow is never coming .
303V PRP V N V N PRP V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> understand that it 's not just means that people have to eat dog food for retirement because they don 't have enough money on the bus , but it also tells the decisions that they 're missing great investment services .
304PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> we 're not participating in 5,000 dollars a year in the workforce that would have been happy to replicate their contributions .
305N V N . <eoc> paralysis is a consequence of lots of choices .
306V N V . <eoc> and i think that 's what the world looks like .
307PRP V N PRP V N , . <eoc> you want to really make the decision right if it 's all the eternity , right ?
308PRP V N , N . <eoc> they don 't want to choose the wrong investment fund , or the false salery .
309V N . N V PRP V N V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> so this is the effect . the other effect is that even when we overcome smallpox and make a decision , we end less happy with the outcome of choice than if we had the opportunity to decide between less possibilities .
310V N . <eoc> and there are several reasons for this .
311PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> one of them is taking over the great selection of different salatacts , if you buy one , and it 's not perfect -- and what was a good decision to do , and it was a good decision that you had a good decision .
312N V , PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> the more possibilities there are , the easier it is nothing to regret at all the time is disappointing for the choice you meet .
313, N V N . <eoc> secondly , what economists call oppere-use costs .
314N V N V N PRP V N , V PRP V . <eoc> dan gilbert has made a big point today by saying how much the way we evaluate things , depends on what we compare .
315, V N , V N V PRP , V PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> well , if there 's a lot of alternative to concerns , there 's just a attractive aspect of understanding of alternatives that you can exclude , that makes you less happy with the alternative that you chose .
316V N . PRP V N , V . <eoc> here 's an example . for those of you who are not new yorkers , i apologize .
317V PRP V . <eoc> but here is what you should have thought .
318V N . <eoc> here 's a couple of these hamptons .
319N . <eoc> very expensive real estate .
320N . N . PRP V PRP . <eoc> beautiful beach . great . you have it all for yourself .
321V . N V , PRP V . <eoc> what could be better ? " damn " the man thinks , " it 's august .
322N PRP N V . <eoc> every in my gatekeeper 's path is gone .
323N V PRP N . N <eoc> i could park right before my house . "
324PRP V N V N V N V N . <eoc> and he 's spent two weeks from the thought that i missed the opportunity day to have a great parking lot day .
325N V N PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> oppere-use costs down the happiness that we get through our choices , even when we 've selected what we 've chosen .
326N V N , N V N . <eoc> and the more possibilities for choice , the more attractive properties of this choice will be considered in the oppertcampaign costs .
327V N . <eoc> here 's another example .
328, N V N . <eoc> now , this cartoon is doing some statements .
329PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> he makes a statement about this now and maybe it 's going to do things slowly .
330N PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but one more important thing he does is that whenever they choose to one thing , they don 't decide to do other things .
331N V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and these other things may have many attractive properties , and it will do what they 're going to do is less attractive .
332, N . <eoc> third , equation of expectations .
333V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> this has met me when i wanted to exchange my jeans .
334N V N , N . <eoc> i wear jeans , almost all the time .
335V N V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and there was a time where there was only jeans of a species , and they bought them , and they were very bad , they were incredibly unsecdulble , and if they were going to make good enough and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots .
336V N , N V , N V N , V PRP N . N <eoc> so to buy new jeans , after many years of winning the old , and i said , " i 'd like to have a few jeans here is my size . "
337N V , N , V PRP V , V N . <eoc> and the sales person said , " well , do you want snake , easy to hang or length ?
338V PRP V N , N . N . <eoc> do you want to wash buttons , grab pies ? rocks or acid ?
339V PRP N . <eoc> do you want jeans with holes ?
340PRP V , N , N , N PRP V . <eoc> if you 're going to cut down far , no , blah , blah blah , " and so on what he said .
341PRP N V , N V , N V N V N . N <eoc> my jaw was down , and after i recovered , i would like " i would like the way that was the only way . "
342PRP V N V , V N V N , V N V N V . <eoc> he had no idea what that was , so i spent an hour trying to try and try all this damn jeans , and left the business -- and i say the truth -- with the best jeans i ever had .
343N V PRP . N V PRP . <eoc> i had better . all of these choices allowed me to do it better .
344N V . <eoc> but i felt more bad .
345. V N V PRP . <eoc> why ? i wrote a whole book to try to explain it myself .
346N V N V N , PRP N V N , V . <eoc> the reason i felt worse was that i had all these available options , my expectations for a good pair of jeans , went up .
347N V N . N V N PRP V N . <eoc> i had very low expectations . i had no expectations than it was in a way .
348PRP V N , V PRP V . <eoc> when they got in 100 ways , damn damn , one of them would have perfect .
349N V , PRP V . <eoc> and what i got was good , but it wasn 't perfect .
350V N V N V , N V N V . <eoc> and so i compared what i had gotten to what i expected , and what i had was disappointing compared to what i expected .
351N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> the addition of opportunities in people 's lives increases inevitably the expectations of people have to be good about how good things are going to be the opportunity .
352V N , N V . <eoc> and this leads to less happiness with the results , even when the results are good .
353N V , PRP V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> no one in the world of marketing knows this , because if you would , you all don 't know what it 's going on .
354N V . <eoc> the truth is more like this .
355N V N V , N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> the reason is that the first thing was better than anything worse , when everything was worse , it was possible for people to make experiences a pleasant surprise .
356N , PRP V PRP V , N , N PRP V N V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> nowadays , in the world where we live -- we 're wealthy , industrialized citizens , with perfection as expectation -- the best for you can hope to be as good as you would expect it to you .
357PRP V PRP N , PRP N , N . <eoc> they will never be comfortable with their expectations because their expectations , child , homes .
358N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> the secret to happiness -- this is what they all came to -- the secret to happiness is low expectations .
359N V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> i want to say -- a short autobiographical moment -- i 'm married with a woman , and she 's really wonderful .
360N V PRP . V N V . <eoc> i couldn 't have it better . i didn 't shut down .
361V N V N . <eoc> but let 's not have a bad thing about this .
362, N V N V PRP V , PRP V PRP V , N V . N V . PRP V . <eoc> ultimately , a consequence of buying a bad chair if there 's only one way to buy it is that if you 're unsatisfied , and you ask why , who is responsible . what would you have to do ?
363N V , PRP V N , PRP V , V . <eoc> if hundreds of different kinds of jeans are available , and they buy a disappointing , and they ask why , who is responsible ?
364PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> it 's also clear that the answer to the question is : you .
365PRP V PRP . <eoc> you could have done it better .
366N , V N . <eoc> with 100 different types of jeans in the window , there 's no excuse for error .
367N V N , N V , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and so when people make decisions , and even when the results of decisions are good , they feel frustrated about it , they blame themselves .
368N V N . <eoc> clinical depression exploded in the last generation .
369N V N , N V N , V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i believe a significant -- not the only one , but a significant substrate of this explosion of depression and also committed suicide , is that people think it would be their fault .
370N V , PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> and so the bifursal result is that , generally , it 's going to be active , and we feel worse .
371V PRP V PRP . <eoc> so let me remind you .
372V N , V PRP V . PRP V . <eoc> this is the official dogma , which is one of us all right . it 's completely wrong .
373V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> there 's no question that is a bit better than not , but it doesn 't follow the more selection than something selection .
374V N . V PRP V . <eoc> there 's a magical amount . i don 't know what it is .
375N V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm pretty sure that we missed this period for a long time to reduce our public good .
376, N V N V N V N , V N . <eoc> now , as a policy question -- i 'm almost finished -- as a fundamental question of thinking about what is thinking about thinking , what all this choice is enabling in the industrialized societies is the material of wealth .
377V N , PRP V N PRP , PRP N V N . <eoc> there are many places in the world , and we 've heard of many of them , whose problem isn 't it to big choices .
378PRP N V PRP V . <eoc> your problem is you have too little .
379N V N , N . <eoc> so the things i talk about is a strange problem of modern , rich , western societies .
380V N V PRP N V N V N . PRP V N . <eoc> and what 's so frustrating and angry is : steve levitt told you yesterday about how these expensive car seats don 't help . it 's a waste of money .
381N V PRP V N , N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> what i 'm telling you is that these expensive , complicated decisions -- it 's not easy they don 't help .
382PRP V . <eoc> they actually hurt .
383PRP V PRP V . <eoc> they worry about that we are bad there .
384N V N PRP N V N V N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> if something of what the people of our society is allowed to make people make decisions to the societies that would move to a little choice , wouldn 't just improve the lives of people , but we would also improve .
385N V N . <eoc> economists call this a parchment competitor delivery .
386N V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> income distributes is to worry that it 's better -- not only the poor -- because all of these big choices make us .
387, V N , N , V , N . V N . <eoc> so finally , read this cartoon , and , a highly developed person , says , " ah ! what does this fish know ?
388PRP V N . N <eoc> you know nothing possible in this gold fish glass . "
389N , N V N V PRP . <eoc> casual imagination , a short-sighted view of the world -- and that 's the way i read it first .
390V PRP , N V N V . <eoc> the more i thought about it , the more i came to the view that the fish knows .
391N V PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> because the truth is that if you break the gold fish glass , so it 's possible , you don 't have freedom . you have paralysis .
392PRP V N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you break the gold fish dune , so that everything is possible , it reduces happiness .
393PRP V N , V N . <eoc> they increase the paralysis , and reduce happiness .
394N V N . <eoc> everybody needs a gold fish glass .
395V N , PRP . <eoc> this is nearly limited to utter security -- possibly for fish , definitely for us .
396N V N , N , N . <eoc> but the abrib is from a metaphorical goldfish glass is a recipe for misery , and , i guess , disaster .
397N PRP . <eoc> thank you very much .
398PRP V , N V N , N V , V N . <eoc> you know , i talked about some of these projects before , about the human genome and what that could mean , and the discovery of new groups of genes .
399N , PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> in fact , we 're starting from a new point : we 've digitized the biology , and now we 're trying to get the digital code into a new phase of biology by creating new life and build new lives .
400PRP V N . <eoc> we 've always tried to ask meaningful questions .
401V . PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> what is life ? it 's something that i think many biologists tried to understand and that on different levels .
402PRP V N V N . <eoc> we 've tried to simplify various approaches to the minimal components .
403PRP V N . PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> we 've digitized nearly 20 years . when we sequenced the human genome sequenced the change from the analog world , in biology to the digital world .
404V PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> now let us try to ask whether we can regenerate life , or whether we can create new life , from this digital universe ?
405V N , N , V N V PRP N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> this is the map of a small organism , mycoplasma ghost , which is the smallest genome of a species that can replicate itself in the lab , and we 've tried to do it with a smaller genome .
406PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we managed to get it on about a hundred genes from the 500 or something like this .
407PRP V N , V , V PRP N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but if we look at this metabolic map , which is very simple , compared to our -- trust me , that 's simple -- but if we can look at all these genes that would lead to a living cell .
408PRP V PRP V N V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> so we decided that it 's the only way to put this chromosome actually to synthesize what allows us to vary the individual components and make some of these fundamental questions .
409PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and so we started with the question , can we synthesize a chromosome ?
410V PRP V N V . <eoc> does it allow the chemistry to really large molecules before that was never done before ?
411PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> and if we can , we can start the chromosome ?
412N V N . <eoc> a chromosome is just a piece of internal chemical material .
413PRP N V . <eoc> our steps in the digitization of life were exponentially .
414PRP N V N V , PRP N V N . <eoc> our ability to write genetic code has been very slow , but it would have increased to an exponential curve .
415PRP V N . <eoc> we started taking 15 years ago .
416PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it took a few years of starting with a bioethical review before we did the first experiments .
417PRP V , N V . <eoc> as it turns out , dna synthetic is very difficult .
418V N V N , N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> there are tens of thousands of machines around the world to make small pieces of dna , 30 to 50 letters long , but it 's a degeneralized process , so the longer you make a piece , the more mistakes happen .
419PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> so we had to develop a new method that we could build these little pieces and make the mistakes .
420V PRP N , V N , N . <eoc> that was our first attempt , starting with the digital information , the genome sponge c .
421PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a little virus that kills bacteria .
422PRP V N , V N , V N . <eoc> we built small pieces , made an error correction , and had a dna molecule of about 5,000 letters .
423N V PRP V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> the exciting phase came when we took this piece of chemical and put into a bacterium , and the bacteria started reading the genetic code and made viral particles .
424N V N V N . <eoc> the viral particles have been released from the cells and come back and kill e. coli .
425, N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> recently , i talked to the oil industry , and they told them that they understand this model .
426PRP V PRP V . <eoc> they laughed more than you do here .
427PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> so we think that this is a situation in the software actually can build your hardware in a biological system .
428PRP V . PRP V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> but we wanted to go much further . we wanted to build an entire bacterial chromosome , and it has more than 580,000 letters genetic code to understand what the individual components of a living cell .
429N V N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> design is the key , and if you want to start with digital information in the computer , this digital information must really be safe .
430PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> when we first sequenced the genome back in 1995 , the error rate was in a 10,000 base pairs .
431PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> we found 30 errors , and if we used the original sequence , it would never have been possible .
432N V N V N , V N V N V . <eoc> part of the design is to make pieces of the 50 letters long , and that have to overlay that with other 50-letter pieces of pieces and make smaller subatomic units to fit these together .
433PRP V N . <eoc> we have unique elements here .
434PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you may have heard that we 've built into something else .
435V PRP V N , N , N , N <eoc> think about it : we have a four-letter code : a , c , g , t.
436N V N , V N . <eoc> triplets of this letter -- these letters will encode about 20 amino acids , and there 's a single purpose for each of these amino acids .
437PRP V N V PRP N , N , N . <eoc> so we can use the genetic code to write our words , sentences , thoughts .
438PRP V . <eoc> initially we were just signed .
439N V PRP V N . <eoc> some people were disappointed that it was not an poetry .
440PRP V N PRP V PRP N . V N V N . <eoc> we 've engineered the pieces as we could just put it together with enzymes . there are enzymes that repair these repair and again .
441PRP V N , V N V N , V N V N , . <eoc> and we started to create pieces , starting with pieces of the five -- to sevenge letters that came together to make these clash , to put this back up to 72,000 letters , back to 72,000 .
442N , PRP V N PRP V PRP , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> in every step , we 've produced these pieces in the reserve that we could sequence them , because we tried to create a very robust process of what they 're going to see in a minute .
443PRP V N . <eoc> we 've tried to get the point of automotive .
444, V N . <eoc> so , this looks like a basketball plaque .
445PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if we get to these right large pieces -- with over 100,000 bases -- then , they 're not just going to grow in e. coli , it 's all the possibility of modern molecular biology , and so we went to other mechanisms .
446PRP V N V N V N V N . <eoc> we knew about a mechanism of the gay doctor 's called the biology that uses biology to repair these kinds of pieces .
447V N PRP . V N V N V N . <eoc> here 's an example of it . there 's an organism called dincoccus radionum that 's three million rades of radiation .
448PRP V N , PRP N V . <eoc> you see in the upper field , that its chromosome is just draining apart .
449N , N V PRP V . <eoc> 12 to 24 hours later , everything has been combined together as it was .
450PRP V N V . <eoc> we have thousands of organisms that can do that .
451N V , PRP V N . <eoc> these organisms can be dried out , they can even live in a vacuum .
452N V N V N . <eoc> i 'm absolutely sure that life exists in space and can move on looking for aquatic conditions .
453N , N V N . <eoc> in fact , nasa has shown that there are lots of things out there .
454V N PRP V N PRP V N PRP V PRP . PRP V PRP . <eoc> here 's a piece of the molecule we 've created by using these processes -- actually we used to use the equipment mechanism with the right design of the pieces we put it together . it 's releasing it automatically .
455V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is not a electron micrograph that it 's a regular micrograph .
456PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's such a big molecule that we can even see it with the light microscope .
457V N . <eoc> this is footage over a long period of six seconds .
458V N PRP V . <eoc> this is the publication that we 've just done recently .
459V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> this is over 580,000 letters in genetic code , it 's the largest molecule associated with defined structure that 's ever made of people .
460PRP V N . <eoc> it has a molecular weight over 300 million .
461PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> if we measured it with a written size of 10 and without a traffic , it would take 142 pages , just to print this genetic code .
462V PRP V N . V PRP V PRP . <eoc> now how do we take a chromosome ? how do we activate it ?
463N , PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> obviously with a virus , it 's very simple . it 's much more complicated with bacteria .
464PRP V PRP V PRP N PRP V , PRP V N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just as easy if you 're in eukarachit as we 're doing it , you just take the nucleus out and there 's a different inside , and that 's exactly what you 've all heard about the clone .
465N , N V N , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> in archaeal bacteria , the chromosome is embedded in the cell , but we just showed that you can do a complete transplant of a cell to another cell and then can activate that kind of thing .
466PRP V N . N , N V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we cleaned the chromosome of a microsample species . roughly , these two times as far as humans and mice , and we gave some extra dimensions to destroy that chromosome -- and they 'll estimate our very exquisite graphs in it .
467N V N . <eoc> the new chromosome was in the cell .
468N , PRP V N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in fact , we thought that this is the end , but we 've tried to bring the process a little bit .
469V N . <eoc> this is the main mechanism of evolution here .
470PRP V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> we find all kinds of species here that have taken a second chromosome or a third of some , which is a third of a second to a species of a second to a species .
471N V N V N V N . <eoc> so people who think of evolution as a gene has changed at a moment that has missed a lot of biology .
472V N V N . <eoc> there are enzymes the restriction enzyme that actually actually digestive dna .
473N V N PRP V . <eoc> the chromosome that in the cell was not one ; the chromosomes that we put in .
474PRP V N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it was exterminated in the cell , and realized the other chromosome as a foreign material material , and so we had the end of a cell with a new chromosome .
475PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> it was colked blue because of the genes we added .
476N , PRP V N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and after a very short time , it had lost all the characteristics of species and converts entirely into a new species based on the new software that we 've given in the cell .
477N V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> all of the proteins changed the membranes -- when we read the genetic code , it was exactly what we were transported .
478PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> it may sound like genomic conchial , but we can move through the software dna that 's pretty dramatic changes .
479V N V N V N . <eoc> now i argued that this is not the geneticist -- that 's based on 3.5 billion years of evolution .
480V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and i realized that we might be able to create a new form of the cambrian explosion in which there was massive new species based on this digital design .
481PRP V . <eoc> why should we do that ?
482N V PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> i think it 's pretty obvious about what we need .
483PRP V N . <eoc> we 're growing up to nine billion people in the next 40 years .
484V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> to ask it in my context , i was born in 1946 .
485N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> today , three people on this planet for each one has existed in 1946 : within 40 years , it will be four .
486PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> we have problems with food , with fresh and clean water , medicine , for 6.5 billion people .
487PRP V N . <eoc> it 's going to offer a challenge for 9 / 7 .
488PRP V N , N . V N . <eoc> we need over five billion tons of coal , 30 plus billions of oil . that 's a hundred million barrels a day .
489PRP V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> if we think about biological processes or any process to replace that , it becomes a huge challenge .
490, N , V N V N . <eoc> then , of course , there 's all the co2 from this material that ends up in the atmosphere .
491PRP V PRP N , N , N V N V N . <eoc> we have now from our discoveries around the world , a database of about 20 million genes , and i want to believe that these are the design components of the future .
492N V N , V N PRP V . <eoc> the electronic childhood industry had a dozen components , and look at the diversity that came out of it .
493PRP V N , PRP N . <eoc> we 're going through the first line of the biological realities of biology , and one of our ideas .
494PRP V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> we 've got technology today because this fast synthetic practice of doing what we call combinatoric genetics .
495PRP V N V N . <eoc> we now have the opportunity to build a large robot to create the millions of chromosomes a day .
496PRP V N , V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you can imagine these 20 million different genes , or to optimize these processes to make the processes in order or drugs , we can change with a small team of molecular biology than the last 20 years of science .
497PRP V N . PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> and it 's just non-one-dimensional selection . we can select for life , production of chemicals , fuel production and so on .
498V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> this is a recording of the engineering software that we 're working with actually in the computer that are actually designing the computer in the computer .
499PRP V , PRP V PRP V . PRP V N V . <eoc> you know , we don 't necessarily know what it 's going to look like . we know exactly what the genetic code is going to look like .
500PRP V N . <eoc> we 're now focusing on the raw generation of the fourth generation .
501PRP V N V N . <eoc> you 've seen corn ethanol recently that 's just a bad experiment .
502PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> we have the low-age of gdp and third generation that are relatively soon going to have a lot of higher levels of sound that are like ascuor different kinds of bushivine .
503, PRP V , N V N V N PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but , as we think , the only way of biology will have a huge impact on food and the bottom of the cost of food is that we 're going to see co2 as an initial material , and so we 're working on cells that go out of cells .
504PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and we think we 're going to be the first thing with the milky way of the fourth generation , and it 's about 18 months .
505N V N . <eoc> sunlight and co2 is a method .
506PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> but in our discovery of the world , we have all kinds of different ways .
507V N PRP V . <eoc> this is an organism that we described in 1996 .
508PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> he lives in the deep sea , about one-and-a-half miles deep , in almost boiling water temperatures .
509PRP V N V N . <eoc> it turns out co2 into methane to use hydrogen as energy source .
510PRP V PRP V N , V N , V N V N . <eoc> we 're looking at how we can use a pool of carbon , which could easily be brought into production plans , which can convert carbon into the fuel to make that process .
511N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> within a short period of time , we believe we could be able to solve one of the fundamental questions of life .
512PRP V , PRP V N V N . PRP V , V . N . <eoc> you know , we really have -- moderate targets like the entire petrochemical industry . right . if you couldn 't do that at ted , where else ? a major source of energy .
513V PRP V N . <eoc> but that 's how we 're working now to use the same approaches for the development of vaccines .
514PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> you saw it this year with flu , we 're always a year back , and we have a dollar too little if it 's about the real vaccine .
515N V N . <eoc> i think that 's going to be changed by creating self-assembly vaccines in the way .
516V N V N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> this is how the future might look like might look like this , can have accelerated today of evolutionary tree , with synthetic bacteria and archeers , and maybe eudagoofy .
517PRP V N V N , PRP N V PRP V N V . N PRP . <eoc> we 're getting more light years away from people , and our goal is it only that we have a chance to survive long enough to do that . thank you .
518N V N V N . <eoc> and on the last ted conference i gave an introduction to the lhc .
519V N V PRP N V . <eoc> and i promised to come back to explain to you how the machine works .
520PRP V . N V , N V N V N . <eoc> so now it 's so far . and for everybody who didn 't exist , the lhc is the biggest scientific experiment that has ever been addressed -- 27 miles in diameter .
521PRP N V N V N V N . <eoc> his job is to create the conditions which are less than a billionth of a second after the beginning of the universe -- and this is to 600 million times within a second .
522PRP V . <eoc> it 's just breathtaking .
523V N . <eoc> this is the machine underneath gene .
524PRP V N V N . <eoc> we take images of this mini bang in detectors .
525N . PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> i work on this . he 's called atlas detector -- 44 meters in size , 22 meters in diameter .
526V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is a spectacular picture of the atlas of the atlas that we see the scale .
527N , N V N . <eoc> on the 10th of september last year , the machine ran the first time .
528N V N . <eoc> and this picture was taken by atlas .
529PRP V N . <eoc> it caused huge constraints in control space .
530PRP V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> it 's a picture of the first party paper that all the way to put the lhc back to the lhc , finally , with a part of the lhc to allow a rainwater of particles on the detector .
531N , PRP V N , PRP V N V , V N . <eoc> in other words , when we saw this image on 10th of september , we knew that the machine works , which is a great triumph .
532V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i don 't know if this made the biggest law , or this when someone went to the google side and i found the beginning page .
533PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it means we 've reached a cultural impact on the scientific subject .
534N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> about a week later , there was a problem with the machine which had to do with this switch here -- this golden wires here .
535N V N V N . <eoc> these wires lead 13,000 thousand lights when the machine is running on top performance .
536, N PRP V PRP V , N , PRP V . V N . N <eoc> well , the engineers amongst you will look at them and say , " no , you don 't . those are little wires . "
537PRP V , PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> you can afford this , because if you mess it very far , you 'll be called superconductors .
538N , N , N V N . <eoc> so at minus 271 degrees , cooler than the space between stars , these wires can withstand tension .
539N , N , V N . <eoc> in one of the connections , between over nine thousand magnets in the lhc , there was a manual defect .
540V , N V , N V N . <eoc> and by doing this , the wires are shrinking , and 13,000 , a thousand light bulb suddenly generates electric resistance .
541V N . <eoc> this was the result .
542, PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> well , it 's all amazing if you imagine that the magnets goes over 20 tons and extends around about 30 inches .
543PRP V N . <eoc> so we damaged about 50 of the magnets .
544PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and they had to remove what we did .
545PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we formulated them , they repaired them .
546PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they 're all back on their way back .
547N , N V . <eoc> at the end of march , the lhc will be really functional .
548PRP V PRP V N , V PRP N V N V . <eoc> we 're going to turn it down and expect the first data in june or july , and put our journey forward to figure out what the building blocks of the universe are .
549, N , N , N V N . PRP V N . <eoc> well , of course , in a way , the debate about the value of science and engineering to these boundaries . it 's easy to reject something like this .
550N V N PRP V N PRP V PRP N , V N . <eoc> i think the fact that it 's so hard to reach out of our borders , it forms the value of things like the lhc .
551N V PRP N , N , V PRP N V N PRP N V , V N . N <eoc> i 'm going to leave my final words in an english scientist , humpthydaerty , which i suspect when he was defending the use of the use of the human mind -- that the triumph of all of us are , and there 's no new worlds . "
552N . <eoc> thanks .
553N V N . <eoc> i 'm a writer .
554N V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> writing books is my profession , but it 's more than that .
555PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> it 's also my great , lifelong love and fascination .
556V N V . <eoc> and i don 't expect that to change .
557, N V N PRP N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but , obviously , there 's a little bit of strange in my life and my career , which has brought me to rethink my relationship with this work .
558N V N V N V N , N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> this particular event was that i was writing a book recently -- a biography called " sonesat , pray , love -- and a large mega-event , the international blockbuster thing was .
559N V N V N V N . <eoc> the result is that i don 't care where i 'm going to be treated as if i was going to be treated by the end .
560N . <eoc> seriously -- the fall of the fall .
561N , PRP V PRP V , V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> for example , they 're all worried about me and say , " don 't you fear you 're never going to have this success ?
562N PRP V PRP V PRP N , V N V N . N . <eoc> don 't you worry about that you 're going to write your whole life , and never create a book that cares about somebody in the world ? never ?
563N , V N . <eoc> okay , that makes a real courage .
564PRP V N V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> it would be worse if i didn 't remember that i was about 20 years ago , when i told when i was a teenager after the first time that i wanted to be a writer with the same kind of anxiety reaction to the same kind of anxiety .
565N V , V PRP V . <eoc> people said , are you not afraid to have succeeded ?
566N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> don 't you feel afraid that 's getting the humiliation of a failure ?
567N V PRP V N PRP N V PRP V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> don 't you fear that you 're running for life for your life and never get something that you would die on a scrap of warm dreams -- your mouth filled with the bitter ash of the predator ?
568, PRP V . <eoc> so , you know .
569N V N . N . <eoc> the answer -- the short answer to all these questions is : all these questions .
570N , V N . <eoc> yeah , i 'm afraid of all these things .
571N V . <eoc> and i always had .
572N V N V . <eoc> and i have a lot more of things that nobody would know .
573N . <eoc> like algae -- and other scary things .
574, N , N V PRP , V . <eoc> but , when i write about writing , i 've been thinking about it , and question : why ?
575V . <eoc> is that sensible ?
576V PRP N V PRP V N V . <eoc> is it logical that somebody should be expected to do it to be afraid to do the work to do ?
577V N PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and what 's really about with the creative enterprise that you can 't do ourselves about the rest of mind -- in a way that other professions don 't do ?
578PRP N , N , V N , N V PRP N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> my father , for example , was chemist , and i can 't remember the situation in his 40 years when he was asked if he was afraid to be chemists .
579PRP N , N , V PRP . <eoc> with your peers , john , john -- how about it ?
580PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it just happened , you know ?
581V N V N V N . <eoc> but to be fair -- the group of chemists have not been given the way of the centuries of aloney people 's reputation .
582PRP V N V N , N , N , V N V . <eoc> we seem to have this kind of reputation , but not just the writers , but the creative of all genres , seem to be the reputation of being mentally incredibly unstable .
583N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> everything you need to do is to look at the bitter death numbers from really great minds from the 20th century who died young and often died by hand .
584N V N V PRP N . <eoc> and even those who don 't actually have surpassed away from their talent and really neglected .
585N V PRP N PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> norman email ler said shortly before his death in his last interview : leaving each of my books on a little bit .
586V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> this is an extraordinary statement that you can do about your life .
587PRP V N PRP V N PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> but we don 't even notice if we listen to somebody like this because we 've known this kind of argument for so long time , somehow that art -- in the end -- always leads to the souls -- always leads to the souls .
588N V N V N PRP . <eoc> the question i want to ask today is : is this idea for you all right ?
589V PRP V PRP . N , N V N . <eoc> do you feel about it ? because with just one centimeter , i don 't feel like this perception .
590N V PRP . <eoc> i think it 's outrageous .
591V PRP . N V PRP V N . <eoc> and i find them dangerous . and i don 't want to watch as it took over the next century .
592N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i find it better if we encouraged our great creative efforts .
593N V PRP V PRP N V , V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> and i definitely know that it 's -- in my situation -- very dangerous , to start to start with this dark path of the guess of what kind of , in the fact that i find myself in my career .
594V PRP V , V . V N . <eoc> this is -- you see , i 'm pretty young . i 'm only about 40 years old .
595N V N PRP . <eoc> i may have another 40 work in me .
596PRP V N V N V N PRP N , . <eoc> and it 's extremely likely that all i 'm going to write from now to write from the world as the work that came to the end of my last book , right ?
597N V PRP , PRP V N PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> i 'm saying it straight , because we 're all kind of friends here in my friends -- it 's most likely that my greatest success is behind .
598, N , N . <eoc> oh , jesus , what a thought !
599V N V N V N , V . <eoc> these are the kind of thoughts that can bring someone to start drinking nine o 'clock in the morning , and i don 't want to do that .
600N V N V . <eoc> i would rather continue to do this work that i love .
601N V . <eoc> so the question is : how ?
602N , N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> after a long time of thinking , i think that i think we can continue to write a kind of community that has to design for the social engineering .
603N V N V N PRP N V N V . <eoc> somehow i have to find a way to write a safe distance to true between me and my very natural drawer about how the reaction is to be written .
604N V N V , N V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> while i was looking for models for models for this to do that , i 've been looking for the past and i 've tried to find other societies with the emotional risks that are connected to creativity .
605N V PRP N , V N . <eoc> this approach led me to the old greece , and that was the old rome .
606V PRP , N V . <eoc> please follow me , because the circle will close again .
607N , N V N V N , N . <eoc> but in ancient greece and rome , people didn 't believe that creativity comes from people , okay ?
608PRP V N V N , V N , N . <eoc> they believed that creativity was a kind of divine vitality mind , which is from a distant , unknown source of people -- from uncanny , unknown reasons .
609N V N . <eoc> the greeks called this divine spirit of creativity in creativity .
610N V PRP V PRP , PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> by socrates known that he believed in it , he would have a damon who shared his wisdom from further distance .
611N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the roman idea had the same idea , and we called this kind of body genius with a genius of body genius .
612V . N V N V N . <eoc> that 's great . the roman thought really wasn 't really that a genius was a particularly bright individual .
613PRP V N V N V PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> they believed that a genius that kind of magical divine creature was that it was literally in the walls of an artist living -- about the kind of a genius that was actually invisible , and the result of the work was going to make the result of work .
614V PRP V , V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> this is brilliant -- it 's there , there 's the distance that i was talking about -- the psychological constructions that protect you from your work .
615N V PRP V , . <eoc> and everybody knew it worked like this , right ?
616N V N , N , N , . <eoc> the artist of aging was protected with certain things , like , for example , too much narcissism , right ?
617PRP N V , PRP V N PRP , N V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> if your work was brilliant , you didn 't look at everything for you , everybody knew you had this body genius that helped you .
618PRP N V PRP N , . <eoc> if your work worked -- not just your fault , right ?
619N V PRP N V N . <eoc> everybody knew my genius was something laml.
620N V N . <eoc> so people in the west have thought about creativity for a long time .
621N V . PRP V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> and then the renaissance came and everything changed . we had this big idea , and this big idea was : let 's put the human individual into the center of the universe -- to adopt all of the gods and what i have is not a room for mythical creatures .
622PRP V N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> it 's the beginning of rational humanism , and people began to believe that creativity completely came from their own individual .
623N , PRP V N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> for the first time in history , you hear people who call a genius , or have a genius -- instead of what he has a genius .
624N V PRP , V PRP V N . <eoc> i have to tell you , i think it was a big mistake .
625PRP V . V N V PRP V PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> you know ? i think there 's a naked person that he thinks he or she is like the vessel , like the basin and the essence and the source of a fragie , human mind , the absence of the human mind .
626PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's like asking people to swallow the sun .
627V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is what we 're taking and distorts all of the egos and it creates all these unconditional expectations on success .
628N V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i think this success of the success of our artists has wiped out over the last 500 years .
629, V , V PRP V N . <eoc> and , if that 's true , and i think it 's true -- is the question .
630PRP V PRP . <eoc> can we change it ?
631V N . <eoc> maybe to take an aging of the relationship between people and the mystery of the creative .
632. <eoc> maybe not .
633PRP V N V N . <eoc> maybe we can 't just eliminate this almost 500 years of rational humanism in an 18-minute talk .
634V N V N V N V N PRP N , . <eoc> and there are certainly people in this audience who would actually apply to fair scientific doubt about the idea of -- basically -- i mean , people are following and nurturing on their projects and so on .
635N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm probably not going to take all of you on this journey .
636N V . <eoc> but the question i want to throw on is : why not ?
637V . <eoc> why not think about that ?
638PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> because it makes a lot of sense like everything else that i 've heard when it was to explain the absolutely crazy macho pursuit of the creative process .
639N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> a process that is -- like everybody knows who has ever tried to do something -- so in other words : actually everyone here -- is not always reasonable .
640N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , he can sometimes feel really comfortable sometimes .
641N V N V N , V PRP N , PRP V PRP V N V N PRP . <eoc> i had a close encounter when i met the extraordinary american poet ruth stone , who is now about 90 , but she said she would feel and she would be able to feel like a poem about the landscape was coming to her .
642PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> she said it would be like a thursday train from air .
643PRP V N PRP . <eoc> it would roll over the land on them .
644PRP V PRP V , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> she felt when it came , because it would bring the earth under your feet .
645PRP V PRP V N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> she knew that she could only do one of that moment , and that was -- in her words -- the race of the devil .
646PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they ran like the devil in the house while she was tracked by this poem , it was just about that she could get enough to a piece of paper and a pen , and she could catch it on the sheet of it .
647N , PRP V . PRP V , PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> in other words , they weren 't fast enough . they ran and ran and ran , but she couldn 't move the house and the poem , and she was looking for a different poet looking for a different poet .
648V N V N V PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> and then there were these moments -- the part i never forget -- she said that there were moments in which she took it almost .
649PRP V N V N V PRP , PRP V N PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> so she 's going to go to the house and looking for paper and the poem drives through her and she picks up a pencil when she comes down , and then -- she said -- was it as if i can reach and get it .
650PRP V N PRP N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> she caught the poem on his tail , and she pulled it back into her body , and it took it on the sheet of paper .
651N , N V N V N . <eoc> in these opportunities , the poem came out and intact and insisting on paper -- but backwards -- from the last word for the first word .
652N V , V N V PRP N V . <eoc> when i was listening to that , i thought that was incredible -- that 's exactly how my creative process is going on .
653V PRP N V N . <eoc> that 's not like my creative process -- i 'm not the channel !
654N V N . N V N V N , V PRP . <eoc> i 'm a moilal . i 've got to stand up every day in the same time , and sweating me and really awkward .
655N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> but even i was in my mulanimal art , sometimes this thing called this thing .
656N V PRP V . <eoc> and i guess many of you did that too .
657N V N V N V N V . <eoc> even i had work or ideas that came out of a source of a source that i really couldn 't identify .
658V N . <eoc> what is that for a thing ?
659V PRP V PRP N PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> and how do we approach it in relation without losing our minds , but to keep us in the opposite of mental health ?
660PRP , N V N V N . N V PRP N . <eoc> for me , the best living example is how to create this can be tom wats . i could interview him a few years ago for a magazine .
661PRP V N . PRP V , N PRP N V N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> we talked about this topic . and you know what ? most of the time of his life , tom was the embodiment of the most amazing modern artist that was trying to get these uncontrolled creative impulses that come in him and they 're going to deal with them .
662PRP V , PRP V PRP V N , N V PRP . <eoc> but then he became older , and quiet , he told me that he was driving at a fast street in los angeles , and that all changed for him .
663PRP V N PRP V N V N V PRP , PRP V PRP . PRP V PRP . <eoc> he was at high speed at high speed when he suddenly heard a little fragment of a tune that is often the idea of teaching him , and it 's hard to do it and he can 't believe it .
664PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> he doesn 't have a piece of paper , he 's got no pencil , he 's got no tape recorders .
665PRP V N PRP , N V N , V N . <eoc> so he starts out of this old blob in him , like , i 'm going to lose this thing , and i 'm going to be haunted by this song forever .
666N , V N V PRP . <eoc> i 'm not good enough , i don 't make it .
667V , PRP V . <eoc> but instead of getting sucked into panic , he just listened .
668PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and he finished all the thought , and he did something completely new .
669PRP V N , PRP V , N , PRP V N V N . N <eoc> he just looked into the sky , and he said , " excuse me , can 't see i go car ? "
670V N V N . <eoc> so i 'm looking at this as if i could write a song ?
671PRP V , V N V PRP . <eoc> if you really want to exist , come back to a low moment when i can take care of you .
672, V N . <eoc> if not , squawking other people today .
673V N . <eoc> go and squawe leonard cohen .
674PRP N V . <eoc> his whole process of process has changed .
675N PRP . V N . <eoc> not the work itself . that was still as dark as the hell .
676N V PRP V PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N , N . <eoc> but the process and the heavy montities that surrounds him was lifted when he took the genius from where he had to be an internalized , it had to be an internalized thing , and it had to be an internalized thing .
677PRP V , N , N , N , N , V N . <eoc> it could be an individual , miraculous , bizarre collaboration , a kind of conversation between tom and the strangeness , active thing , which was not a complete tom .
678N V N , PRP V N V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> when i heard this story , it also changed a little bit like i was working , and it has saved me again .
679N V PRP N V N , N , N , N V PRP V N , V N V . <eoc> this idea saved me when i was in the middle of a typewriter of oefat , pray , love was -- i fell in one of those dung beetles , that 's going to be a disaster , and it 's the worst book that was ever written .
680, N . <eoc> not only bad , but the worst of all time .
681N V , N V N . <eoc> i started thinking , i should just come up with this project .
682V N , N V PRP . <eoc> but then i remembered the way of tom in the free sky , and i was trying to do it .
683V PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> so i took my look at the manuscript , and i talked to my comment in a blank corner of the room .
684N V , N V , PRP V , PRP V N V PRP V PRP N , . <eoc> i said , " listen , you do , you and i know where this book is not brilliant is that it 's not completely my fault , right ?
685PRP V N V , V . N V . <eoc> because you see that i have everything i have , i guess . i don 't have more than that .
686PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so if you want to have it better , you have to check and get your percentage of cuts .
687N . PRP V PRP V , N . <eoc> okay . but if you don 't do it -- you know what , then the hell .
688N V , V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm still going to write , because that 's my job .
689N V N V N PRP N . <eoc> and i want to give to the records that i was here today for my part of the jobs .
690N , PRP V , N , N V N V N . <eoc> because ... at the end , it 's like , and a centuries ago , in the deserts of the north africa of the wetlands with sacred dances and music to be shipped for hours -- to go to the dawn .
691N V , N V , PRP V . <eoc> these strokes were always great , because the dancers were professional , and they were fantastic .
692, N V , N V . <eoc> but again , very rare , something special happened , and one of the characters was actually overfound .
693N V PRP V , N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and i know you know what i mean , because i know you 've all seen such a performance in your life .
694PRP V N V N , PRP V N PRP V N , N V . <eoc> it was as if the time stand still and the dancers through a kind of pforte , he didn 't do anything differently than he had done before -- 1,000 nights before , but everything brought together .
695, PRP V . <eoc> and all of a sudden , he seemed human to be human .
696PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> he was illuminating by the inside and the darker lit , and everything illuminating by a divine fire .
697N V , N V . PRP V PRP N . <eoc> when something happened then , people knew what that was . they called it in his name .
698PRP V N V , N , N , N , N , N . N . <eoc> they put the hands together and started singing : oallah , allah , allah , god , god , god .
699V N , PRP V . <eoc> that 's god , you know ?
700N V N V N V N , N , N , N , N , V N . <eoc> interesting historic midgrade : when the moswatches south spain came to participate in these practice , and the prache changed over the course of the centuries of damian damth , allah , damned , olé , olé , which is still fighting and flat-co-codes .
701N V N , N , N , N , N , N , V N . <eoc> if a character in spain is something impossible , something magical has done : oallah , olé , olé , olé , the great , bravo , and this is : a glimpse of god .
702V , PRP V . <eoc> and that 's great , because we need that .
703, N V N , N V PRP V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> but , the tricky part of the next morning , when the dancer comes itself and realizes that it 's 11 o 'clock on a tuesday -- and he 's no longer a ninth of god .
704PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just an aging mortal child with a miserable body , and maybe it 's never going to go back to these heights .
705N V N PRP V , V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and maybe someone 's name will never call the god name when he turns out , but what would he do to start with the rest of his life ?
706PRP V . <eoc> it 's hard .
707V N . <eoc> this is one of the most painful warning of a creative life .
708PRP V N , PRP V N V N PRP N V PRP . <eoc> but maybe it doesn 't have to be so full of pcying , if you didn 't believe in the beginning of the most extraordinary aspects of your existence to come from them .
709PRP V PRP V N V N PRP N V N PRP V . <eoc> if you may just believe that you 're a betty -- from an unthinkable source for a part of your life that 's going to be passed on somebody else if you 're done .
710PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if we start thinking about this , it changes everything .
711V N V N , N V N V N PRP N . <eoc> so i started thinking and so i think of security in the past months , while i was working on the book that 's going to be soon -- as the dangerous , frightening , strong judgment of my leaving success .
712N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> what i have to say to myself is when i 'm going to be mad is : don 't worry .
713V . <eoc> not be daunting .
714V PRP N . <eoc> just make your job .
715PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> it 's still for your contribution because whatever it may be .
716PRP N V , N . <eoc> if your job is dancing , dance .
717N V PRP N , V N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> if the stupid divine genius that has asked you to the page , choose to show a minute of wonder through your effort , then olé !
718PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and if you don 't , you dance your dance yet .
719N . N PRP . <eoc> and cockolé ! from all of you .
720N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> i think that and i feel that we should teach the lessons .
721N . N PRP , V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> olé ! just for yourself , just for yourself , just that you have the mere human love and your self-interest to be there .
722N . <eoc> thanks .
723N . <eoc> thanks .
724N . <eoc> olé !
725N , N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> last year , i showed these two slides to illustrate that the arctic ice ice -- that had nearly three million years the size of the lower 48 states was to cut 40 percent .
726V N PRP V N . <eoc> but this is not very hard enough the seriousness of this particular problem because it 's not showing the thickness of ice .
727N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> in a sense , the arctic ice sheet is the temperature heart of our global climate system .
728PRP V N V N . <eoc> it grows in winter and picks up the summer .
729N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> the next slide that i 'm showing you is a time-lapse shot of what 's happened in the last 25 years .
730N V N . <eoc> the sudden the ice is red with red .
731PRP V , PRP V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> as you can see , it grows on the dark blue , and this is the annual ice in winter ; and it picks up the summer .
732PRP V N , N , V N V N . <eoc> it 's called a lasting ice , five years old , or older , is almost like blood that 's going out of the body .
733N , PRP V . <eoc> in 25 years , it 's going to be gone from here .
734V N V N , V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> this is a problem where the warming is the frozen reason around the arctic ocean , which is large amounts of frozen carbon , which if it 's going to be implemented by microbes with methane .
735V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> compared to the entire amount of climate change materials in the atmosphere , that amount is double when we cross that critical point .
736N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> already in some shallow lakes , methane is actually methane from itself from the water .
737N V N V N . <eoc> professor ky walter in the university in alaska is traveling with another working group to another flat lake community .
738N . <eoc> wow !
739PRP V . N V PRP V . <eoc> you 're good . the question is how will we go .
740N V , N V N . <eoc> and one reason is , this vast heat of corn warms up out of the north .
741V N . <eoc> this is a annual fishing river .
742N V . <eoc> but the volume is far greater than ever before .
743V N . <eoc> this is the canary rang in southern greenland .
744PRP V , N V PRP V N . <eoc> if you want to know , like the sea level above land ice sheets down here they go to the sea .
745N V N . <eoc> these rivers take rapid rapid .
746N , N , N . <eoc> on the other end of the planet , antarctica , the largest ice mass on the planet .
747N V N V N . <eoc> last month argued that the entire continent has a negative ice footprint .
748N V N V . <eoc> and the west antarctica showed over some underwater islands is particularly strong in melting .
749V N , N . <eoc> this is 20 feet of sea altitude , like greenland .
750N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the himalayas , the third largest ice mass , you see the upper new lakes that were glaciers in a few years ago .
751N V N PRP N . <eoc> 40 percent of all people on the world are getting half of their drinking water from this crucible water .
752N , N V N . <eoc> in the andean , this glacier 's the drinthering source for this city .
753N V . <eoc> the water numbers have been larger .
754PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> but if you run out , it will fall away most fresh water .
755N , N V N . <eoc> in california , a 40 percent reduction in the snow drop in the sierra .
756PRP V N . <eoc> it 's all storage together .
757N , PRP V PRP , V . <eoc> and the predictions , as you 've read them , are serious .
758V N V N . <eoc> this is a dramatic increase in the entire world leads to a dramatic increase in fire .
759N V N V N . <eoc> and the disasters in the world have taken out in a really extraordinary and previously never given economic selection .
760N V N . <eoc> four times the last 30 years as in the previous five years .
761V N . <eoc> this is a completely unsustainable development pattern .
762PRP V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> if you look at this in the historical context , you can see what it is .
763N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the last five years , we have 70 million tons of co2 produces all 24 hours -- 25 million tons every day in the oceans .
764N , N , N V N . <eoc> look at the area of the eastern pacific area , from the american continent western and both sides of the indian continental continent , where there 's a kite decline in the ocean .
765N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> the largest single factor of global warming , besides global warming , which is 20 percent , is burning fossil fuels .
766N V N , N V N . <eoc> oil is a problem , and coal is the most common problem .
767N V N V N . <eoc> the united states are one of the two great polluted boxes combined with china .
768N V N . <eoc> and the proposal was to build many other carbon factories .
769PRP V N . <eoc> but we start to see a change .
770V N V N , N V . <eoc> here are the ones that came in the last few years , with some green alternatives that were proposed .
771V N PRP N . <eoc> there 's a political argument in our country .
772N V N V N , V N PRP . <eoc> and the coyescontrand crocheen has spent a quarter billion dollars last calenade to promote clean coal , which is a contradiction in itself .
773N V PRP N . <eoc> this picture reminded me of something .
774N V N , N , N . <eoc> the christmas went around the christmas , at home in tennessee , a billion tons of coal grass .
775PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you 've seen it warlighting in the news .
776V PRP N . <eoc> this is in our entire country of the second largest waste river of america .
777V N . <eoc> this was about christmas day .
778N V N . <eoc> one of the commercials on the commercial world 's office was this one .
779N V N , N . <eoc> merwey of the aidman is a funny , happy bursche .
780PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it gives him in the envelope and abundance in america , and he 's helping our economy .
781N , N V N . <eoc> frosty , the arman 's cleaner every day .
782PRP V , N V N . <eoc> it 's affordable , and wavy , and workers are staying in charge and bread .
783V N . <eoc> this is the source of coal in west virginia .
784N V N . <eoc> the most powerful mountain worker is the leader of the ceo trade .
785V PRP V , N , N , N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> let me say , yes , al gore , nancy pelvis , harry rud , you don 't know what you 're talking about .
786N V N . <eoc> so the alliance of climate protection is called two campaigns .
787V , N PRP . <eoc> this is one , a part of it .
788N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> in calculus , we see climate change as a serious threat to our business .
789PRP V PRP N V N V N V N . <eoc> so we put it to the top time to spend a significant amount of money to spend a commercial action on the way to bring the truth about coal .
790N , N V . <eoc> in fact , coal is not dirty .
791PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we think it 's clean -- and it smells very well .
792, V N . <eoc> so , don 't worry about the climate change .
793V PRP V PRP . <eoc> let 's leave it to us .
794N , PRP V N PRP . <eoc> saungras coal , you 've heard a lot of it .
795V PRP V N , N . <eoc> so let us make a tour of this modern , clean coal factory .
796. N V . <eoc> fantastic ! this machine is pretty noisy .
797PRP V N . <eoc> but it 's the sound of the clean carbon technology .
798N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and yet the burning of coal is one of the main reasons for global warming is the remarkably clean carbon technology that you see here changes everything .
799N , V N , N . <eoc> look at this right , this is today , clean carbon technology .
800, N PRP N PRP N . <eoc> finally , the positive alternative with our economic challenge and our challenge of national security .
801N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> america is in a crisis , the economy , national security , the climate crisis .
802N V PRP N V N . <eoc> the red thread that all connects us all together is our dependence on carbon-based fuel like dirty coal and foreign oil .
803V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> but now there 's a bold , new solution to free us from that kind of misdirection .
804N V N . <eoc> support for 100 percent clean electricity in the next 10 years .
805N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> a plan to bring america back to work to make us safer and help to stop global warming .
806, N V PRP N . <eoc> finally , one solution that 's big enough to solve our problems .
807N . V . <eoc> supply america . find more .
808V . <eoc> this is the last .
809PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about a new supply of america .
810N , PRP N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> one of the fastest ways , our dependence upon old , dirty resources that are choking our world .
811N V , N , N . <eoc> the future is here , wind , sun and a new energy system .
812N V N . <eoc> new investments to create good selling jobs .
813N . PRP V N V N . <eoc> support america . it 's time to accept reality .
814V N , PRP V , V . <eoc> there 's an old african saying , " if you want to be fast , go alone .
815PRP V , V . V <eoc> if you want to get far , go ahead . "
816PRP V , . <eoc> we have to get far , and very quickly .
817N . <eoc> thanks .
818N V PRP V N PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> i want to start to ask you to think about the time of your childhood when you were playing with building blocks .
819PRP V N V N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> as they realized how to pull out the hands and picks up the scourge and moves , they learned to think and problems through understanding and change in ways .
820N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> the spatial thinking is deeply connected to how we understand a lot of our environment .
821N V N PRP N , PRP N , PRP N , V PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> as a computer scientist -- inspired by the kind of our interaction with real objects -- together with my colleague , childish , and my colleagues jeevan kanii , i started wonder : what if we wanted to take a computer and put it together and put it together , how do we want to ?
822N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and this question was so profoundly that we decided to take the exploration of the answer and sitlessly developed .
823, N V N . <eoc> in short , a sitable thing is an interactive computer in the size of a cone .
824PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> you can move with the hand , you can see each other , you can capture your movements , and you have a screen and a radio receiver .
825, V , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> more importantly , are physically , why you 're just going to make them like building blocks just to move away from the hands and access .
826N V N V N . <eoc> and the sitingual is an example of a new generation of aid to designing digital data .
827N V N PRP N , V N PRP N PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> and if these tools are going to become body and develop awareness for their movements , recognize each other and see the high-growth of our intervals with them , then we can begin with exploration of new and more entertaining interactive species .
828N V N . <eoc> i 'll start with some simple examples .
829N V N , N V PRP N , N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> this sisterable thing is for video , and when i put it in a direction , the video is played forward , when i put it in the other direction it runs backwards .
830N V . <eoc> and these interactive portraits take each other true .
831N V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> so if i put them side-by-side , it would be interested in .
832PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you 're the latest imports , you notice that , and you can get a little bit nervous .
833PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and they 're also feeling their motions and propensity .
834N PRP V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> an interesting set of the interactions that we started to realize was that we could use everyday gestures on data using something like colors like this to burn this with liquids .
835N , PRP V N , N V PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> in this case , we have three silides as color bonds , and i can use them to cast color in the middle where they 're going to be mixed up .
836PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> if we push it , we can put a little back home .
837V N , N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> there are also some nice opportunities in education like languages , math or logistics , where we can give people the ability of fast trial , and the results want to see the results immediately .
838V PRP V N V N . <eoc> here 's me -- this is a fibonacci series that i do with a simple display .
839V N , V N . <eoc> this is a game with words , which is a kind of mixture of scariham and boggle .
840, PRP V N V N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> basically , you 're going to get up every round of every sive-practical random letter and while you 're trying to form words , will be tested , this one dictionary .
841, N , PRP V N . <eoc> then , after about 30 seconds , again , and you have a new letter mixture and new possibilities .
842N . <eoc> thanks .
843V N V N , N V PRP V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> these are some children who came to the media lab , and i could move them to try and try and make it a video of it .
844PRP V PRP . <eoc> they really loved it .
845N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> a more interesting way of this kind of applications that you don 't have to give people a lot of instructions .
846PRP V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> all you have to say is " form words , " and you know exactly what to do .
847V N V PRP . <eoc> here are some people who test it .
848V PRP N . <eoc> this is our recent youngest beefester on the right there .
849PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> it turns out that he didn 't want to pile up the sitong .
850PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> so for him , they were only building cables .
851V N . <eoc> so this is an interactive trick .
852PRP V N . <eoc> we wanted to develop a learning tool for linguistics .
853V N . <eoc> this is feix .
854PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> he can bring new characters in the scene using the siemable of the table that shows that character .
855PRP V N . <eoc> here he 's going to go the sun .
856N V N . <eoc> the sun goes into the sun .
857PRP V N . <eoc> now he 's catching a tractor in the scene .
858N . <eoc> the orange yield .
859N . <eoc> good work ! yes !
860V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> by putting the siteoff and she 's pointing to the side he could interact with the characters .
861PRP N . <eoc> ... his own story .
862N . <eoc> hello !
863PRP V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it 's a story with open , and it can decide how it evolved .
864V N . <eoc> flying cat .
865N V N V N V N PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> the last example that i 've been doing today to show it is a music sequencing agent for live performances , which we 've developed recently , and in the sitingual as sound , like leadership , bass and drums .
866V N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> each has four different variations ; you can choose which you want to use .
867PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and you can put these sounds into the sequence that you can put together in any structure .
868PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and you 're going to say you 're just going to have a sound physical good thing on a horizontal level .
869V N V N , N . <eoc> there are effects that can change live live , like reverberant and filter .
870PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> you connect it with a specific note and then tilting it up .
871V N PRP V N . <eoc> and then there are even more unequal effects as speed and volume that you can use on the entire sequence .
872N V . <eoc> so let 's see .
873PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we start in which we 're going to put the leadership in two final downwards and this in a series of contexts , and then adding a little bit more of the voice .
874V N . <eoc> now i 'm putting a bass .
875V N V . <eoc> now i 'm going to do something else that 's going to do .
876V N V N . <eoc> and now i arrange the filter with the paper so that i can steer the effect .
877N V N V N . <eoc> i can accelerate the whole sequence by throwing the speed in one or other direction .
878V N , N . <eoc> and now i 'm putting the filter even with the bass , for something more expression .
879N V N PRP V . <eoc> i can make the sequence as you go out .
880N V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> i don 't have to plan it in the field , but it can improvise ; it 's growing up or shorten .
881, N V N V N . <eoc> and finally , i can submit the whole sequence by running the roughness of the left .
882N . <eoc> thanks .
883, PRP V , PRP N V N V N V PRP N V . <eoc> so , as you can see , my excitement is to develop new human-computer interfaces that would improve better how our brains work and bodies work .
884N V N V PRP N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and today i had time to show you a part of this new design world and some of the possibilities of what we 're working in our lab .
885N V PRP N V PRP V N V N V N PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> the idea that i want to give you to the way is that we 're at the threshold to this new generation of mindmate to interact with digital media that makes information in our world that is to our demands .
886N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
887V N PRP . <eoc> and i 'm delighted to talk to you all .
888N , N . <eoc> yeah , good afternoon .
889V . <eoc> so i 'm delighted to be there .
890N , V N . <eoc> yeah , so what should be bihamooney ?
891N V N , V N . <eoc> i have to get a little bit about this , and that 's how biofy is about modern molecular biology .
892N V N , N V N , N V , N V N V N . <eoc> i 've been studying molecular biology , and i 've been doing this for a couple of years now , and i started to know , because i just wanted to know and i wanted to know what i learned in studying in the sciences .
893, V PRP N . <eoc> so , that was my primary motivation .
894PRP V N , N V N , . <eoc> so it was a curiosity , and i wanted to somehow get closer to the matter , so .
895N V N V , N , N , N PRP V , N . <eoc> i think the molecular biology is generally spoken , so in general , biotechnology , everything you do , synthetic biology and so on .
896V , N V N . <eoc> extremely important is now extremely important , and yet much , much more important will be in the future .
897V N V N . <eoc> there are so controversial things like these whole genetically engineered plants .
898V N , V N , N . <eoc> there are now craig venter in the united states , which is trying to make biofusion , so gas from algae .
899V N V N V N , N , V PRP V N , V N . <eoc> there are also things that are completely in the everyday of what most people are not aware of , for example , washing up for example , to wash us with 40 degrees laundering , are also genetic optimizing enzymes .
900N V . <eoc> and the list can continue to end .
901N , N V N V . <eoc> and so from the interest in this technology , i was going to go on and moved on .
902V PRP V . <eoc> so what makes you ridiculous ?
903PRP V N V N . <eoc> most of you know that most people know from the software area .
904N V , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> computers hack , and then it will always be like this , yes , the hackers go somewhere and claws and so on .
905V N , PRP V PRP V , V . <eoc> this is very sad for the hag scene very sad , because it 's not what you actually started to do , and what 's actually going on .
906PRP V N , N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and they have the software hacker , in the seventh of the 1970s , eighgeryears of computer engineering , and it 's also created the internet .
907PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and it 's about a playful , creative , original way of solving a problem .
908N , V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and problem , that 's not just a technical problem , it can also be a social problem , it can also be able to be a problem in terms of how things can do it , or how can you do that better .
909PRP V N , PRP V N , V N , V N . <eoc> and it 's been used to do with software , but it 's also there in the electronics , there 's also a whole bath scene , which are doing all kinds of electronics .
910, N , N V N V N , V N , N V N , N V , N . <eoc> and now , in the process of biology , and i want this metaphor that comes out of synthetic biology , the fact that biology is actually , and not only cymatics , that 's matter , that 's not just cymatics .
911PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V PRP , V PRP , V , V N . <eoc> but it 's also a code , and you can also program , and so you can also hack it , so , and that 's what i find , i find incredibly fascinating , and it just wanted to get a lot deeper into a car .
912PRP V N , N . <eoc> it actually took only two thousand eight species , these networks .
913V N , V N , V N , N V N . <eoc> there is hony goofa dont org , which is originally from switzerland , which is with europe and with a cooperation in india based on the world , but there are members or active people all over the world .
914V N , V N V N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> that 's a more artistic orientation , so there 's a lot of artists and philosophers and in collaboration with scientists to try and build a lot of the technologies , and there are a lot of artists , and there 's a museum shows , all sorts of things .
915PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> but it 's actually always about finding such a back-to-side access to have a kind of playful setup to do it .
916V N , N . <eoc> and then there are do-youngmenio dot , d.iib y.bio .
917V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is from the united states a network , which is actually more like this kind of forum where you have to hold on and online .
918PRP V N , V N , V N . <eoc> they 're a little bit more technical and also a little bit of business , and then there will be a little bit of business , and then i asked questions .
919V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and based on these networks that have done the whole popular thing , has developed a scene that i 'd like to take a brief ancestry .
920V N , PRP V N , V N , N , N , N V . <eoc> here 's the image on the upper left , you see biocurious , which is a hackerspace , so basically a kind of school , as a private school , nonprofit company where everyone can come .
921N , N V N V PRP , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> children , old , all kinds of people going to go and make it apart , they have a lab and look at what you can do when these lab protocols .
922N V N V N , V N . <eoc> the bottom left here is a group in indonesia called houef al fiar , which is a pretty long time .
923N . <eoc> more than those other two networks .
924PRP V N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> and they 're also looking at this kind of artistic aspect of biological materials , and , yes , including electronic materials , and combine this in a fairly cold way .
925N V N V N V N V PRP V N , V N V N V . <eoc> a group of ankara who i met before a while i 've got this is a student group who would like to give the public more and telling people what they 're learning in college , and i tried to explain what d.a is .
926N V N , N . <eoc> and i have a lecture on the top of the other image in copenhagen in the medical museum in copenhagen , with an exhibition .
927V , V N , N , V N . <eoc> and that is , yes , that 's usually quite young people , but the only thing which is all united , is this fascination with technology .
928PRP V PRP V PRP N V , N , PRP V , V PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> and what you can do with it and you can go and look at society and ask and ask , so , okay , what do you know , what are you going to have to do you with you ?
929, N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , okay , now to chop biology , you need some material .
930PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you need to do biological materials , and you also need tools , and it 's a lab .
931PRP V N , V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> or what you usually understand under a lab , these are kind of kind of hand-gated machines , extremely expensive , extremely distantly , just for a medical training , trained academic , and so on .
932PRP N V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and our approach was just to say , okay , that you don 't have to do that .
933PRP V N V N , V . <eoc> it 's actually not necessary because every every coffee engine has actually developed higher technology as most of the lab devices , which is really .
934N , N , N , V N , V N , V N . <eoc> and the o with this premise , then , is brian degin the u.k. , for example , brian defiger in england trying to put a miniature mural , and then turned out to be bacteria , and then become bacteria .
935N V N PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so everybody who has been a soup of a soup that he had too long , they 've been done too long .
936N V PRP N , V N , V PRP N , N , N , V N . <eoc> i was trying to take it in my lab home , a little bit , and then i 've bought a trip and then i bought and a kind of a fingerprint for sale on ebay , and a little bit of a fingerprint , to do it , back home .
937V N , . <eoc> that 's not supposed to be a joke now , but .
938N , PRP V N V N , V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> in the bottom of the picture , you see this is the laboratory in leadership , so this is a one-gram garage with a lot of lab and pretty interesting things , because i want to cut a project for a moment .
939V N , V N , N , N . <eoc> and this is biocurious , which is also mentioned habitive space , this one , like a census , essentially for molecular biology .
940, PRP V , PRP V N , V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and yes , you see , it 's relatively relatively diverse , so that 's at risk with people who are going to go home , to big , so far larger organizations that have been going to do this in the institutional form .
941N V PRP V N . <eoc> but the way that 's always the approach that it 's supposed to be easy and accessible .
942N PRP V N PRP V PRP N , N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> the first project that we 've done as an international group when we were actually aware of our self , right now , we have here as a real scene , and we are online , and we know about the people who always chat , and we all know .
943N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> and then from the do-techno-i-ido bio and the founder of the founder , and he said o.k , we have to really meet in the united states , and in the united states , in san francisco .
944, PRP V , N , V PRP , V PRP V , V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and , then , it was about that , yes , who are we , what do we want , what do we want , what do we want to tell ?
945V PRP N V PRP N , PRP N . <eoc> and what are our values and what are our goal , our foundations ?
946PRP V N . <eoc> and then we 've been working on a code production program .
947V , N V PRP N , PRP V , V PRP . <eoc> that was quite intuitive , so everybody has just such wishes to his wishes , his and what 's going to do , they would say .
948V , PRP N , N . <eoc> there was , in my opinion , a very good code .
949PRP V N , V , V , N V , N V . <eoc> and we 're not committed to this is not dedicated , but that 's actually , i think , in a very good way , people are quite convinced of that .
950PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and we even tried to get back to the academic world , but it 's somehow not that in the world .
951V PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> so i think we 're from the biohacker scene , in fact , a step further than the academic world .
952N , V PRP V . <eoc> yeah , what projects do we do now ?
953N V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> a project that i did with the hacking network in switzerland itself was that we wanted to make a so-called optical trap or optical nail .
954V PRP V N , PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> this is when you focus a laser beam into one in the room , you can catch little particles in the air or in the air and then moving into the fluid and then moving in this focus , so like a tractor officer in principle .
955PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V , N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> it really works , it 's going to be done in academia , and we thought , okay , that 's actually going to get a microscope , and then you put a microscope , that 's increasing a four-hundrefold .
956PRP V . <eoc> you see that there .
957PRP V N V N V N , V N . <eoc> and then we cut down a d.d burning burning and burning the laser out the laser , and then i tried to focus on this camera .
958PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and it didn 't work , but we 've learned a lot about this .
959N , V N , V , V . <eoc> so another project , which is from the french group in paris , worked out , that 's pretty cool .
960PRP V , V N , N , PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> and it 's so one , he 's such a brain wave measurement machine , like e.e.e.g , and so , he 's busy with neurobiology , his nickname is sam neurhack .
961PRP V N V N , N V . <eoc> he then had this kind of helmet da this helmet , and in cooperation with the museum is this .
962N V N V N . <eoc> and then the visitors could go in space to sit down on this chair and put this helmet .
963PRP N V , PRP V , PRP V , V N . <eoc> then their brainwaves were measured , and depending on what they thought , or as they thought , there are different lights in the room .
964PRP V N . <eoc> it was a pretty fad project .
965N V N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> another thing from the united states that has also been to do with this vasfabrication story , which is the p.c.r , which is the polymerz chain , complicated word .
966PRP V N , V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> so it 's about copying the genes , to replicate , d.a , fragments that you can make it visible .
967V N , V N , N V N , PRP V , N , N V N , N . <eoc> so if i do this for the profits in the crime scene , and then collect some hairsamples , and then then they 're going to have this kind of thing , and then say , okay , that hair is to this hair , like that .
968N V N V , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and the machines that make such a thing that are pretty expensive , they buy commercial , the cheapest are going to go to four thousand euros .
969V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> and that 's not in the hockey range , but it 's a really cool technology that 's also very much .
970V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> so this is just an application of many that you can do with it .
971PRP V N V , N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and they have so two of these two bashaners and said , o.k , we 're going to make easier and cheaper , and have been put together in the right now , and now that 's the cheapest supply of these devices worldwide .
972N V N . <eoc> i believe in some way six hundred dollars or something like this .
973N , PRP V PRP V , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> but in any case , it 's still not cheap , but it 's certainly in a frame where it 's going to be more available to you .
974PRP V N . <eoc> so it 's a very lumpy hack .
975N V N . <eoc> a project i started to do was a gen-gun .
976N V , N , V N , N . <eoc> gene-gun is , yes , like this kind of air pressure gun , which shoots about how far , two centimeters or so .
977PRP V N , N V N , N V N , V N . <eoc> you invite the d..a on goldparticles and the gold particles in this air pressure gun , and then i put that on the onion , and then i put that in the skin , and then i put the lights up .
978N PRP V . <eoc> so the device you see there is not working .
979V PRP N , V N , V N , N , V N V . <eoc> but this is so my prototype , which has looked pretty much like , so on a branch that was going on , the thing to do , electronics and pressure was broken .
980V N , V PRP . <eoc> and then i took a sahneship , and that was plugged in it .
981N , PRP V N , V N , V N . <eoc> a savory , if you make the full power of water , that 's enough pressure , so i think so 40 to 60 to hexendicosis .
982PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and then you can accelerate the particles very long enough , and then they go to the onion in the onion .
983N V N , N . <eoc> and the commercial device costs about five thousand euros a upward or something like this , satneataurs so around the 50 .
984PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so it doesn 't have the same efficiency , but it 's basically densely possible .
985, V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> so , this is now at the moment that the theme of the scene is going to increase the availability of technology and to increase the information and understanding that more people can engage in this way .
986, N V , PRP V N , N V N , N V . <eoc> because , as in the beginning , it 's an extremely important technology , and most people have relatively small , and also no chance to make a really good .
987, PRP V PRP , N , V N PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> because , if you read about it , from the high school , that 's not the same thing as if you 've done it yourself or seen it .
988V N V PRP N . <eoc> and i think technology will always be more important in our modern societies .
989PRP V N V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you want to make sense as an informed citizenship in society , you want to meet and talk about , you need to know the access to knowledge and technology .
990PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and you have to do it and understand how to make it and understand .
991N , N . <eoc> and the first of these , open , liquid science and citizen science .
992PRP V N , V N . <eoc> so that you 're just going to be able to be able to be able to be able to be able to do that , using these scientific technologies .
993V N . <eoc> and that 's what the humphal lie from the bihackers .
994V N V N , N . <eoc> these are the people who have been officially declared at least officially , on the website , d.iib yphort website .
995V N . <eoc> this is already a relatively remarkable number of people around the world .
996N V PRP V N . <eoc> and the interesting thing is that they 're also represented in southeast asia .
997V N V N V . <eoc> that 's what i think that 's there are fewer people when there are actually exist .
998V N V . <eoc> so i know some people don 't have .
999V N , N . <eoc> and these are just the bihackers , the individual people .
1000, N , N V . <eoc> and partly with these hairy , so these places , together these places have come together .
1001PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's just in the beginning .
1002N V , N V . <eoc> as i said , eight thousand eight was just starting .
1003N , N , N V N , N . <eoc> and hacholers , so the computer hapance , because the c base in berlin was the first , nine hundred sixty-five hundred .
1004V N , N V N . <eoc> and this is now a giant network of very good , yes , infrastructure centers that are represented all over the world .
1005PRP V , N , PRP V , PRP V , N V . <eoc> and we hope , of course , we 're still thinking , and then we 're also similar to spread , and then more similar , so that even more people can be involved .
1006N V N V PRP V . <eoc> and i would invite everybody to look at this and try and do myself as well .
1007PRP V , PRP V PRP V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> it 's not so simple , but it 's not impossible if you have enough curiosity and space inside , you get there too far .
1008N V . <eoc> thanks for listening .
1009V PRP . <eoc> that 's it .
1010N , N . <eoc> yeah , hey .
1011V PRP V N . <eoc> how do we actually do people ?
1012V N V PRP N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> that 's a question that is very moving me as a designer , but also in the field of research , in the process , i have experimented in the region of the community .
1013PRP V N V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and it 's about how to put people in interactive media so they can use these interactive media and create them a more satisfying experience .
1014N V N V PRP N , N , V PRP N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and i think that the interactive media has been in us with the cognitive models , so think patterns , in our biological memory , very long time , and that we can actually cause that just through interactive media .
1015V , PRP V N V N PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and this is very amazing , because you actually believe that this high-technology that you 've seen in the future is actually bringing in the future , but it 's actually that the future is right to us in our articular roots .
1016V N . <eoc> what are actually ingenious models now ?
1017N V N , V N . <eoc> i 've written four little words , and i 'd like to explain that briefly .
1018PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's an ingenious cognitive model , and it 's the models we 've made in the pre-industrial times .
1019V N , PRP V N . <eoc> to these archaeological models , that we have a biological relationship of virtuality .
1020V , . <eoc> that sounds basically , very unusual .
1021N V N V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm going to take a look at the same time and i 'll prove you by trying to prove that you have natural relationship to virtuality .
1022N V PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> the second thing is that we 've been able to talk about this archaeological models since , very , very specific to talk , even though we 're using a non-passive language .
1023N , V PRP . <eoc> and the third area , which explains itself from itself .
1024PRP V N V N V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> we all know that the interactive media is called the definition of the word , which includes the basics of the linearity and what 's saying is that we feel the linearity today as normal .
1025N V N PRP V N . <eoc> the fourth thing is that the story for us is a place of information information .
1026, N , V N . <eoc> now , as with the virtuality , which is actually the most natural thing in the world .
1027N V PRP . <eoc> i want to prove it to you .
1028N V N PRP V . <eoc> how many doors have the house in which they live ?
1029V PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> that 's not going to be able to answer me immediately spontaneously , but it 's going to happen and it 's happening right now .
1030PRP V N , PRP V , V N V . <eoc> they 're going through the spirit of this house , in which they live , and look at how many doors are there .
1031V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's exactly what they 're doing .
1032PRP V N . <eoc> they virtual the reality and with no computers .
1033. <eoc> fantastic . right ?
1034PRP V N V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> and we have trouble doing this in the media campus in our v.r. lab , that we can actually do this all the time .
1035N V N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and this wealth of this wealth has taken the virtual reality to virtualize the people in pre-industrial times , because they didn 't have anything .
1036PRP V N V N . <eoc> they didn 't have books .
1037PRP V N V N . <eoc> or they didn 't have the phototomography .
1038PRP V N . <eoc> they didn 't have mass media .
1039N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the only thing they had was her head .
1040N V N . <eoc> and the memory was played out in this head .
1041N , N V N , N , N V . <eoc> in this head , knowledge was called , and through this virtual images , the imagination was also passed on .
1042PRP V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> and therefore it 's also so strong in us that we can deal with virtuality as well .
1043N V N V N . <eoc> the interesting thing about this is when i can make a small trip .
1044, PRP V . <eoc> yes , it 's .
1045N V N V N PRP . <eoc> the interesting thing about this is that time the human institution was media producer and medium itself .
1046, PRP V N . <eoc> now , if you think a little bit more than that .
1047V N . <eoc> what are media today ?
1048PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> then you 'll notice that it has given a change .
1049V . <eoc> but i 'm going to talk about that again .
1050V N V N . <eoc> and there 's an essential tool for information education that has been on for centuries .
1051N , N , V N , V N V N . <eoc> shamen , priests , so-called the guards , were given extra credit to keep knowledge in stories .
1052N , PRP V , N . <eoc> and today , we 're still very , very strong about stories .
1053N , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> the author of the book of the stories of the day of the day , jonathan of all , according to we still have a thousand three hours with the recipe for stories .
1054PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> it means for a kid who has spent most of the world 's brain in his life with the recipe for stories .
1055PRP V PRP N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> now we think our love about stories is that we sat on the lap of our parents .
1056, . <eoc> no , no , far .
1057PRP V N . <eoc> it 's much further back in the cultures of pre-industrial times .
1058PRP , N , PRP V PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> but for me , in the area of interactive media , it 's particularly impressive that we have grounded in our biological memory that 's ability to think of heights .
1059N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i 've brought you with one example of the north american tribe of nookasia , in fact .
1060N V N . <eoc> and life lived in the coast of british columbia .
1061PRP V , V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and as you can see , this is a very irish area , and you had to navigate somehow out of island to island to raise food .
1062PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they did this with so-called dragated maps .
1063PRP V , PRP V N , N . <eoc> you may know that , if you 're a little bit more interested in this , from the australian rulers .
1064PRP V N . <eoc> they have similar principles .
1065PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they don 't have a lease land maps , but they have the same natural regulators in the same way or a traumatic event .
1066V N V N V N . <eoc> and what 's interesting about this is that the navigation and the topography of areas were being represented by songs .
1067N V N . <eoc> whereas the language was subordinated by undergrades .
1068V , PRP V N . <eoc> that means , you navigates with sounds and about rhythm .
1069N V N V N , N , V PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and these sound and this rhythm have the geology that has shown the topography of an region , and that also enabled that you could move these songs , and come back to the left , and to move back to the bottom of the left .
1070V PRP V N . <eoc> why do we sing no longer to come from top of a to b ?
1071, V . <eoc> anyway , not to navigate .
1072V . <eoc> what happened there ?
1073V PRP V N . <eoc> this is what it happens is that natural nano age .
1074PRP V N . <eoc> we 've moved before in this so-called vocabulary age .
1075N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> the machine age is happening , and happens is the book , and happens is the phottomography .
1076V PRP V N PRP N PRP N V N . <eoc> and that 's exactly what happens is that we have responsibility for our memories and our individual memories have shifted to outcomes in external media .
1077N . <eoc> on the book and on the picture .
1078, PRP V N V N . <eoc> so , unfortunately , we 've learned a piece of god learning to virtual .
1079N V PRP , V N . <eoc> virtuality is suddenly alien to us , and has not to do anything anymore .
1080N , N , V N , PRP V N V N PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> bruce brown , a famous design researcher at the british university , is so far to say that these mass media , he means the book and the image -- that these mass media has fossilized and our ability to virtualize our ability to virtual .
1081V N V N . <eoc> let 's do a small footprint .
1082N . <eoc> from the vogage age for the machine age .
1083V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> what does we have on our thinking and on our memory system ?
1084N V N . <eoc> and then the pigments of the pre-industrial cultures .
1085PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and they 're going to have been over the course of centuries , and more overwrote through the impact of the machine age .
1086V , V , PRP V , N , N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> that means , instead of remembering to respect , we have standardized , widespread , in vast patterns of memories that we can depend on our personal memories .
1087PRP V PRP . <eoc> we 're not producing anymore ourselves .
1088PRP V N . <eoc> we have a abstract of an abstract language .
1089PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we don 't imagine the thing in pictures of things not anymore in pictures , but we 're making them a lot more .
1090PRP V N V . <eoc> we 've been used to that things happen linear .
1091PRP V N , V N , N . <eoc> and we accepted the linearity as law , and there are only exceptions , like the non-linearity .
1092PRP V N V N . <eoc> what we 've left is the stories of the box .
1093PRP V N V , . <eoc> still we are in the middle of the stories that are very , very heavily arrested .
1094N V , V . <eoc> the question is , what 's next ?
1095PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we had the vocabulary , we had the machine age , and we 're going to describe this so-called cyber age .
1096V N , V N , N V . <eoc> that sounds very fun , and sounds very good for science fiction , i know .
1097N , V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> but these concepts of the cyber-age , bringing us these opportunities to discover our skills again .
1098PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about virtuality , it 's about noif-linearity , it 's about cancery .
1099N V N . <eoc> i want to explain a little bit about a quick time .
1100V N , V N . <eoc> there are technical concepts like the augmented reality , which is called the extended reality .
1101PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP N V N , V PRP N , V . <eoc> so if you look at google glass for example , then it 's a concept of what makes us combine the virtual world with the real world , which is called our monkey 's core to the virtualization of the virtual world , which is going to happen again .
1102N V N . <eoc> another example is the so-called virtual reality .
1103N , N PRP N , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> so crazy , of course , it may sound in the context of my talk , that 's moving physically into not existing , virtual worlds , all the role model of the holocdill .
1104N V N , N . <eoc> and other examples are the ambie-, smart systems .
1105V N V N . <eoc> these are rooms that can respond to a human being .
1106V N , PRP N , N , N . <eoc> all that needs to be the ability , our basic ability , virtuality , as a real habitat .
1107N V N V N , N , V N , N , N . <eoc> i 've graduated and i hope that video works , a very , very beautiful project , this is the bass work of michael burk , anvernap of michael burk , jr and joria 's cap and jorian .
1108N V N . <eoc> and the two last the things are here today .
1109PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> maybe you 're going to stand up for a minute so you can have to be talking to the two of the break .
1110N V N , N , N V . <eoc> and this project i 've brought in for example , like again , this archaic , cognitive models revolted .
1111N V N V . <eoc> the whole thing is a game i have to say .
1112N V , PRP V N . <eoc> what the stories of course is extremely opposed to , and it 's a computer game .
1113N V N , PRP V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and when i say computer games , you probably have very likely to think that any people can play people from any of the things that are willing to be happy or that they play with some of any charges in the hand .
1114N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> in any case , they do it in .
1115V N . <eoc> this is a game for outside .
1116V N V N , V N . <eoc> and that 's what i thought that i discover the outside world , so i discover the real world .
1117N V N , N PRP V , N . <eoc> and this game is linked to the virtual world , so the data space that we produce , with the real world .
1118N V N V . <eoc> i 'm sorry i have to cut so much .
1119PRP V , V N . <eoc> you can explain that much better , there 's more more behind that .
1120V N V N V N . <eoc> and that 's what i 'm discovering is that i 'm discovering a city by looking at some positive or negative .
1121V N , N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> and so i get a very different view from the city , a very different idea , which i 'm looking at negative and positive zones of a city , and i get a completely different , virtual landscape of a very real city .
1122V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's what we 're like to see now .
1123N , PRP V , N , V N PRP V . <eoc> ah , what you can see here , sorry , is another little explanation from what you 're looking at .
1124N , N V N PRP N , V . <eoc> of course , this virtual world is in the walls of our cities , is clear .
1125N , PRP V N . <eoc> and with a kind of flashlight , we can make these virtual worlds .
1126, V PRP N , N , N PRP V N , N , N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so , i 'd like to summarize it together , my talk , and in the sense that the properties and the skills that we have acquired in the future , but actually , in the future , it 's actually coming back to our roots .
1127N . <eoc> thanks .
1128N , V PRP . <eoc> yeah , i 'm very excited to be able to be with you .
1129N V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i 've been asked if this bag was going to be a little bit of a sweatbag and i 'm going to talk to my rather than talk .
1130PRP V . <eoc> it 's not going to do that .
1131N V , V . <eoc> i 'm also going to zip right , which is in there .
1132V PRP . <eoc> but i 'm just going to do it right now .
1133, N V N V , N . <eoc> yes , children are inherently curious or should be curious , designers also .
1134N V N , N V N , N V PRP N , PRP V N , V PRP . <eoc> i 'm a designer of house , so i 'm also going to do this with the topic of curiosity , and how the curiosity changes our thinking , and why are we also going to get a curiosity , and we have to recombine and then again and so forth .
1135V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is a whole series of things that you 're doing next to the actual existence as a designer .
1136N V , PRP V N . <eoc> when professors are curious , they 're often pushed up in this research team for research .
1137V N V N . <eoc> and that 's also what i had last half a year .
1138N . <eoc> a research sector research user interface design .
1139PRP V , V N , N , N V . <eoc> now you 're going to ask , why don 't get all the way through that natural , archaic urforms of communication , interaction users and so on .
1140V N , N V , N , N , PRP V , N , N . <eoc> and there 's just one of these little devices because things are always more intuitive , always natural , the user , and there 's got to look at what 's going to be , of course , for us , of course , what 's kind of user or intuitively .
1141N , N V N , N V N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> and before the background , i was in the realm of natural user interface , so the next generation in relation to the human computer in the relationship with the human computer to work like our tools , or how the computer is changing the computer in the digital review .
1142V N V , N . <eoc> so i 've been doing this with what is , of course , or intuitively .
1143PRP V N . <eoc> you might have to look at that again .
1144V . <eoc> why does that happen at all ?
1145PRP V N PRP N , V , PRP V N . <eoc> so if we look at the development of our society , in short , we 're moving now from the third in the fourth social generation or social form .
1146N . <eoc> so from modern in computer society .
1147N V N . <eoc> every society is shaped by a primary medium .
1148N , N . <eoc> at the beginning , the tribal society by language .
1149V , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , V N , V N , V N . <eoc> that means , you found out that you 've talked a common language , you could communicate with each other 's in the same cave , and built in other areas , built cities , and has created as a tribal society .
1150N V N , N , N . <eoc> the primary medium was the language , something very natural , something very livable .
1151PRP V , N V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> it also had to learn , so not a small child can talk about nature , but we 're learning at sugender , and of course .
1152V N , N . <eoc> and that has been solved by the ancient society , and the first form of abstraction .
1153V N , PRP V N V N , V N V , V PRP . <eoc> this was a huge outcry at the time , because you started the living language began to manifest in the form of writing , which means what fluid and alive is , and i 'm manipulating it .
1154N V N , PRP V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> the after i 'm paying weight , and when i get it , of course , it 's a very different story , as if there 's one alive .
1155N V N , V . <eoc> but sugoriese did just pull these articles as primary medium , got to put in .
1156N , PRP V N . <eoc> then the next generation , where we 're actually primarily living today .
1157V N , N . <eoc> this is just the pressure and print , writing with gutenberg and others .
1158N V N , N V , V PRP N V , N V , N , N . <eoc> the same time was the same thing as a monkey , where adel , xerous and others have said , are you just as the people will start reading , then the week will be completely , of course .
1159PRP V N V , N V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and now we 're going to come to the next generation and the exciting thing is , so a general shift is only a few hundred years , and we 're really in this phenomenal phase in this phenomenal phase that we 're involved in this .
1160PRP V PRP , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> it 's totally inspiring to us , because we see on the side of the new media , sophiex social media , facebook users , and so on .
1161N , V N V N , V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> with the total transparency , what the new thinking is what i think about the old thing , don 't say that in the lahone horse and no beef is more or other phenomena , which i 'm just trying to do this -- and i want to say that at all .
1162N , N . <eoc> and these two worlds , you 're just talking about and new and old thinking .
1163N V , PRP V , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> the exciting thing is , when you look at this , this new society , this computer society , all of a lot of mechanisms , principles and archetype paradigm , out of the tribal society .
1164, N , N . <eoc> but now , not in the local level , but on global level .
1165PRP V N V . <eoc> we understood that the weather is global .
1166N V . <eoc> the subject of ecology is global .
1167, N V N , N V . <eoc> not , if i think local green and the neighbor is less ecologically , then the whole thing doesn 't work .
1168V N , N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> that means , from the local village is actually a global village , with the same principles , but of course , the same principles , but also the total transparency .
1169PRP V N , V N , V N PRP N . <eoc> as you knew in the village , who knew what 's going on with who and when , this is happening today about this expansion of our self through these mobile devices on global scale .
1170V PRP V N . <eoc> is that we know global logging and faster and faster and better .
1171PRP V N . <eoc> and as it used to happen at the village .
1172N V N V PRP V , N , PRP V , V PRP V N . <eoc> so the background i 've been working with this -- which is actually what 's called for us , of course , what we might even learn , what is we also like to do this and so what makes the difference ?
1173, N V , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> because often , people come , can 't use them to use it to help each other .
1174PRP V PRP V , PRP V PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> so you have to deal with it that means that , and it 's not just changing it 's different , but it 's supposed to be better .
1175, N , N V N V N V PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> and then , of course , something intuitively is intuitively and how can i take advantage of the impact and just to use the things like that they 're making a user , so that 's very intuitive because they 're doing fun and just to use .
1176PRP V , N , N . <eoc> and you 're going to do , even during the study , with the subject of perception and the perceptual psychology .
1177V , N , PRP V , N , V N . <eoc> and that is , of course , what you start and looks like , and i say , okay , now i just look inside the inner self .
1178V PRP V . <eoc> and what does it look like ?
1179V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> so how do we work when we look in there ?
1180V , N , V PRP N , V N V . <eoc> and what does , of course , is intuitively , and how do our channels of the perception and how does the cognitive work work ?
1181N V , PRP V N . <eoc> because steve jobs did say , you need by quietly deeed by the case of the voice .
1182PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> so you really have to look at the detail when i want to do something of user , or intuitively , what does that mean in the nucleus .
1183PRP V PRP V PRP N , PRP V , N V PRP N . <eoc> and you can see that you 're our seven senses , most people think we 're only five , now it 's even seven recognized because there 's certainly seven to the next to the next , and as an extension of the self .
1184V , V PRP V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and to see , how do we process information , how do we take information ?
1185V , V N . <eoc> to say , what is information ?
1186N V N V N . <eoc> information is every difference that is a difference .
1187N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> a lot of use the word , you don 't know what it means in the same detail .
1188N V N V N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> but i have to understand in the core to understand where information is information , when the information comes from data and information , again , i can know how i can make things like i can make some kind of intuitive or of course .
1189, N , N V N . <eoc> and , of course , how does design influence on perception .
1190PRP V N V N , N V PRP N V N V N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> we see this when i look at things , i can make them confusing them as on the right side where i don 't know what 's salt and pepper , or i can make this kind of intuitively in using things .
1191, N , V N , N V N . <eoc> so , a lot of natural , in a vessel , but i 'm looking at a way right where is salt and pepper .
1192N V N , V PRP N , PRP V N , V PRP . <eoc> and when i say to someone , give me salt or pepper , then he will be thinking about the right , where is what 's inside of it .
1193N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and the left just intuitively intuitively , and hopefully it 's not a sugar in the way that there 's no sugar .
1194PRP N PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> but also our perception itself , how deceive you deceive us .
1195N , N . <eoc> for example , this perception in context .
1196N V N , V N , PRP V , PRP N V N . <eoc> the right circle looks taller than the small , although that 's not the case , but they 're just the same size , and yet our perceptions depending on what context is in the context .
1197N V . <eoc> anybody know what that is ?
1198N . <eoc> coke on .
1199N V . <eoc> patties need to work yet .
1200V PRP N . <eoc> there 's more to my glasses .
1201PRP V N . <eoc> so it 's a circle .
1202N V N V . <eoc> a second circle begins already in a certain sense of correlated or associate .
1203N V N , PRP V N , V N , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> and if i put a hale of a hale , then we see not only one unit , which is circle , circle and , but we see a unit , we don 't see more three parts , a circle , another .
1204PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> it 's called the face law or a physicist designer that also affects us in perception .
1205N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> important for the search , they usually have the first semester , the amazing smell of law .
1206N , N , N . <eoc> face near the law , the face of the continuity , and so on .
1207PRP V N . <eoc> it 's often forgotten in the third time .
1208V N PRP V N . <eoc> but this is a essential important component in which if you really want to create things as well as well .
1209N , V N . <eoc> the next phenomenon , which is also very interesting about the vision .
1210N , V , V PRP V . <eoc> sounds very , first of all , is that very exciting , if you get closer to this .
1211PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> so we have the eyes , and now you think , we 're looking at the back at the back .
1212V . <eoc> that 's wrong .
1213PRP V N . <eoc> you see from the back to the front .
1214PRP V N PRP V N PRP V , N . <eoc> and they have an assumption forward to the front that you see something that you can see , the example of sphere .
1215V PRP V PRP N PRP V PRP V PRP N V , N . <eoc> that means we 're first seeing our vision before we see it again in the back of our visual apparatus , to say , okay .
1216N V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> i 've got this cognitive feedback , you 've got , what you want to see .
1217PRP V , V . <eoc> it 's also there , that 's coming back again .
1218PRP V , N V N , V N , V PRP V , V PRP V . <eoc> and then it goes forward , because that 's the back in the front of the front , and says , well , there 's actually a little bit to say , whether what you can see is what you want to see .
1219PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and then it goes back to the back , and then it 's actually just seen .
1220, N , N V N V . <eoc> so , a very , very exciting process , how certain things happen and what can happen to the millisecond areas of these things happen .
1221V PRP V N . <eoc> i don 't know who you know this picture .
1222V N V . <eoc> there 's exactly the same thing i 've described .
1223N V N . <eoc> now everybody 's trying to recognize something out of this pattern .
1224V N V . <eoc> i don 't know who recognizes .
1225V N V N . <eoc> does anybody see anything specific ?
1226N , . <eoc> a dalmatian dog , right .
1227V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so if i saw it that this is a dalmatian case , you know that .
1228PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> you 'll never forget because i 'm going to show you where the dalmatian dog .
1229PRP V N . <eoc> now you see the dalmatian dog .
1230, PRP V PRP . <eoc> and further , now they 're always looking at it .
1231V N V PRP V N V N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> that means i actually went through it all the way that they don 't recognize anymore , but i was able to see this dog in a very short period of time to see this dog in this obscure picture .
1232V N , N . <eoc> and this is the projection of vision , feedback .
1233V N , V N V N . <eoc> now i know now , and now i 'm digging forward to see that i see the dalmatian dog .
1234N V N . <eoc> i see the dalmatian dog .
1235, N , N , PRP V , V N . <eoc> so , all of exciting processes , which then in this one , yes , it 's not really , but here 's just in this rosie mass .
1236N V N V . <eoc> anybody know what three seconds is ?
1237N , . <eoc> long , yeah .
1238V PRP N . <eoc> that 's our present .
1239, PRP V N . <eoc> so , it 's always interesting to know as designers .
1240N V N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> when i know something about three seconds , until i go out of the present in the last time loop , i can also get a very good waiting time where i 'm going to get through three seconds .
1241PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it has to do it first as present .
1242PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> and then it goes into the past , and so i can get very elegant times over the computer , for example in the computer -- when i know this phenomenon .
1243V N . <eoc> what takes five milliseconds of seconds ?
1244N . <eoc> mm : milliseconds .
1245, N . <eoc> also , a very exciting phenomenon .
1246V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is the period when you fall in love .
1247V , PRP V , V PRP V N , N V N V . <eoc> that means , if you know that now , look at how long as you look like long , because i don 't take the gun for what 's going to happen .
1248N , N . <eoc> and six milliseconds , also a very exciting phenomenon .
1249V N PRP V . <eoc> that 's the most of the light that we have .
1250V , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> that means , this first impression is happening in a very fast pace of how we perceive things .
1251PRP V N PRP V , PRP V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> and as we see things as we 're looking at , and how we 're also going to save ourselves against our environment , so we can think about this .
1252N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> of course , the designer don 't just look at the topic of perceptions and neural processing , or cognitive novish , but primarily of course with the theme of human object .
1253V N V . <eoc> so how do human work is based on some things to do .
1254V N , V N . <eoc> there is a product of product language , which is such as formal aspects or formalaestheaesthetic aspects .
1255V N , V N V . <eoc> there are amazing functions , where i know exactly where i need to reach .
1256V N , V N , V N , V N , V PRP . <eoc> but there are also symbolic functions , why is someone for such a little while , where there 's no way to fit in , so looking for money on money , even though it 's not so practical ?
1257PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> we 're more likely to be on the imagery , on the scale of the scale that we 're looking at as a designer of course .
1258N PRP N , N , N , V N . <eoc> back to my actual topic of natural user interface , and the theme , which is , of course , is destructive objective .
1259, N V N , N V N , N . <eoc> so , users always act like i can reach a certain goal , or how can a human benefit from a certain value context , efficient and satisfying one goal .
1260V PRP V N . <eoc> that 's how it says the norm .
1261V N . <eoc> how can i make a difference in the way ?
1262N V N V N , V N . <eoc> i can use that right or i need a book , or i don 't need any training for that .
1263N V . <eoc> and less vulnerable or user is this .
1264N V N , V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm just going to look at this different and beautiful , doesn 't mean it 's better .
1265PRP V . <eoc> you have to understand that .
1266PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N PRP N , N V N . <eoc> and if you 're in part of the software that we 've seen , then you 're going to see why ninety-nine percent of our today 's software , even though , is a much more intuitive than classical software .
1267, N V N , N V N . <eoc> now , intuitive organizational capacity is not only since apple is a fundamental economic factor , most fundamental success factor when i want to harness the technological devices of people .
1268. <eoc> why ?
1269N PRP V N , N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> because in the rule we 're using this new kind of user , so the natural user is about scarcity , for example five times faster at the average of our goal .
1270PRP V PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> you have to imagine that if you do something of classical software , and five hours , and with this new kind of natural software , only one hour .
1271PRP V PRP V N , PRP N , N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it doesn 't mean that you probably can go home to four hours , but your employer , or someone can tell you about the four hours , it works with the four hours .
1272N V PRP V , N , N V N . <eoc> but i want to say that it 's a , of course , a more powerful thing that 's worth of doing a lot of things .
1273PRP V N , V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> so when we go back to the software , here 's the first comout there interface interfaces that were very abstract where you needed months to deal with these systems .
1274N V N V N , V PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> then the next one that has been going to say with the typical neurology model or mental model like the software for the software , you 've been working , which is an idea of something , the metaphor and the metaphor of a desktop to harness the computer .
1275N , PRP V N . <eoc> so not more zeros and ones or cryptic code , but it 's a metaphor .
1276PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it made all of the more sophisticated as well , but it 's also a lot better .
1277N V N . <eoc> the next generation of the visual user interface works quite a lot more .
1278, N V N V N . <eoc> so , i 'm very much more likely than looking at the behavior that 's a lot more often than that look .
1279V N . <eoc> that 's also a paradigm shift .
1280N , V N , N V N . <eoc> i mean , that 's always an unimportant thing for success , but the usda is going to be an application .
1281V N , N V N , N , N V N , V . <eoc> and if i move a step further into this natural user interface , where i 'm talking about voice , by language , by touch , by gesture and no longer than a mouse and cursor that i have to drive -- i 'm even faster and even more .
1282V PRP N , N V . <eoc> but that brings me to the point , even when will things get more intuitive ?
1283PRP V , N V PRP N , V N , N V . <eoc> if you 're more intuitive , and then i have to turn back to my little friend here , and look , what does this mean by view of the cognitive nothage when is actually a really intuitive ?
1284N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and that 's for us people is always a little intuitive when i have to think about the most important thing .
1285PRP V N V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> so he doesn 't want to think , but it 's just going to make it .
1286N V , N . <eoc> the less i think about this , the more intuitive thing .
1287V N . <eoc> and what does this mean for designers ?
1288V , PRP V PRP V N , N , N V PRP N . <eoc> that means , when we look at existing models of what we can transmit on to something else , for example the metaphor , then i can use it as a designer .
1289V , N V N V N V N . <eoc> that means , i can take an intuitive human model on a software and make the software to make the software more friendly .
1290N , N , V N PRP , V PRP . <eoc> and of course , the question is , what is actually the most intuitive management of us , and now i 've told you .
1291V N . <eoc> this is called the positional model .
1292PRP V N PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> it 's using each of us and positioned a acronym , and in addition to native animals , selected , acumen , transactions .
1293V PRP N , PRP V PRP N , . <eoc> that makes you all the time , but it makes it unconsciously and so intuitively kind of intuitively , or partly instinctively .
1294N V N V , PRP V N , PRP V N , V N V . <eoc> the model is already determined in the womb and is intercultural , so it works in the world of young and old , and the time is used by us all the time , without that most of the time knew that this model is there .
1295N V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> kurt is in order to go about 50 to 70 thousand times from us to activity , so you have noticed that it 's less often a lot of self than the day .
1296N V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> i can now take this mental model of the mental model , selected , people , transactions in an interactive system .
1297N , N , N V N , N . <eoc> and through this kind of transmission , similar to the metaphor of the desktop , but not a metaphor of a physical object , but a metaphor of an agent of an act of a gesture .
1298V N , V N . <eoc> and this is at a higher grail of the user sense than the transmission of classical metaphor , which is the desktop .
1299V N , N V N , N , V N , V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and if i 'm going to transfer that for example , for example , in which i 'm going to look at as overdefinition , selected as a choice , informed in the trap , i can throw that back somewhere or buy someone , or shopping and so on .
1300V . <eoc> and then i can carry this up .
1301N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm trying to do it through a quote .
1302N V N . <eoc> i 've been eating pies already .
1303N , N V N , V N . <eoc> so in conclusion , i 'm going to look at the object , can zoom out in and zoom in .
1304N V N , PRP V , V PRP N . <eoc> i 'll get the whole whole picture , now can now filter it , and you can tell me all of the stuff with chocolate .
1305N , V . <eoc> and in a show of one interface , which is much more intuitive and very much natural .
1306V N V N , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> because that i can grab things like the bits and touch , and they come to me is much more natural than if over hierarchic organized websites and other mechanisms are allowed to make these things available .
1307N V N , N V N , N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> imagination is more the imported than 's bone , and with this sentence i also want to close to get a and again , thank you very much for your attention and please .
1308N V PRP N . <eoc> i want to help you with a very specific aspect of curiosity .
1309N PRP V N , N , V PRP V N V PRP V , N , N , N V PRP . <eoc> the first thing when you become a child , as a baby , is that you 're taking care of what kind of gossip are you like , right ? and depending on , of course , it 's made of course .
1310N V . <eoc> and the curiosity doesn 't learn .
1311V N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> so all of these are the ones here and are curious about the fact that people who have a property that you can 't learn .
1312N V , N , N , N , N . <eoc> i 'm doing now , basically this whole environmental discussion , world attacks , 40 years of clubs , in quality .
1313V N . <eoc> and there 's a central dot there .
1314V N . <eoc> and that depends on phosphorus .
1315N . <eoc> give pee a opportunity .
1316N , PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> every day , they give rise to scale about two grams , and every day , they have to take two grams phosphorus .
1317PRP V N . <eoc> otherwise they can 't have teeth .
1318PRP V N . <eoc> you can 't store energy .
1319PRP V N . <eoc> you can 't have bone .
1320PRP V N . <eoc> we could only glide as amas amas amaro moilluken through the world .
1321PRP V N V N . <eoc> if we didn 't take phosphorus and make a phosphorus .
1322, PRP V PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> remarkably , it 's so that we have a little bit about what is actually a sense of self , but it 's not that way .
1323N V N , N V N . <eoc> because everybody 's talking about energy , but nobody 's talking about the phosphorus issue .
1324N V . <eoc> the phosphorus issue is much more critical .
1325PRP V N . <eoc> we depend on two countries .
1326PRP V N , N , V N V N . <eoc> we only have phosphorus for two years , and now , by the phosphorus mining , built a lot more uranium in the environment than in all the atomic systems .
1327N , N V PRP N . <eoc> in the last 20 years , five thousand tons of ukraes have been dispersed on our fields in germany .
1328V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's what we 're taking .
1329PRP V N . <eoc> it makes leukemia in kids .
1330PRP V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and we think we would protect the environment if we 're a little less harmful .
1331, N , N , N . <eoc> so , for example , the environment , slow less car .
1332N , V N . <eoc> cortz the environment , make less waste .
1333N , N . <eoc> cortz the environment , consumption less energy .
1334V N . <eoc> that 's not protection .
1335V N V , V PRP N , V N . <eoc> this is like if i would say , take your child , take only three times instead of five times .
1336PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just a little bit less devastation .
1337PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> if we think about the bottom up to the bae , our whole earth will be a peaceful day or later .
1338V N V . <eoc> that 's why the meadow of thinking about .
1339N V PRP N , . <eoc> and the most important thing is to look at us the ground , first of all .
1340N , N V . <eoc> in the ground , over 60 percent of the carbon is stored .
1341N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> at the moment , we 're building corn and lose between 11 and 30 kilograms of 30 tons of 30 tons , or about the square meter .
1342V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> that means , we 're losing down the soil as five times more than re-educated .
1343PRP , N , V N . <eoc> we can , of course , to see the waste problem .
1344N V N . <eoc> and everything is in packaging or content .
1345N , N , N V N . <eoc> for example , in open power , for example are the homeph20 percent of the waste of garbage in the wind .
1346PRP V , N V . <eoc> and because we 're older , the wind will get bigger .
1347V PRP V N . <eoc> this is what they 're all in the foreseedy .
1348N . <eoc> yeah ?
1349N V N . <eoc> one baby needs about six thousand wind .
1350PRP V N , V PRP V . <eoc> we could reduce that for 10 percent , but what does it do ?
1351V N . <eoc> this is balanced by china in a second .
1352V . <eoc> this is completely trivial .
1353N V , V PRP V N . <eoc> so the question is , how do we go to these husks ?
1354V N V N V N . <eoc> here is one of the evidence that men are not pigs .
1355N V PRP . <eoc> i want to tell you .
1356N V N . <eoc> because phosphorus is being emitted in the pigs on the solid components .
1357N . <eoc> in the people of the urine .
1358N . <eoc> yeah .
1359N V N . <eoc> so men can 't be pigs .
1360V N , . <eoc> because this is an amencer , right ?
1361, PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> traditionally , we think in the environmental discussion , we 're too many in the world .
1362PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you talk to people that when you talk about people , if you say that would be better , you 're not there , you 're going to be raddy and hostile .
1363N V N , PRP N , V N V N . <eoc> and so someone like al gore , one of our big heroes , there is nothing more important than to stabilize the human population .
1364N , PRP V PRP V N , V PRP N . <eoc> in israel , you say when you save a life , save your earth .
1365PRP V PRP V , . <eoc> here it tells you how more you get around , the better .
1366N . <eoc> yeah .
1367N V , V PRP . <eoc> the first question is , are we really too many ?
1368PRP V N , N , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> if you look at the ants , the weight of ants on earth , then the ants are about four times more than we are people .
1369N V N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> i could also take termites , but in the united states no one can 't see , even though they 're vegetarians .
1370V N V PRP V . <eoc> that means that ants weigh much more than we do .
1371PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and because they 're working much harder than we do , because they 're only three to six months , they 're going to live inside their weight in energy consumption .
1372V , PRP V , PRP V , . <eoc> that means , we 're not too many , we 're too stupid , yes ?
1373PRP V PRP V PRP V , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and where you see how far we are going away , what we really wanted to achieve and how sad we would have to be that we 're going to be here in the ground , yes , you know ?
1374PRP V PRP V , . <eoc> you can only be guman-neutral if you don 't exist , yes ?
1375N . <eoc> the only opportunity .
1376V PRP V N . <eoc> have you seen a carbon-neutral tree ?
1377N . <eoc> yeah ?
1378N . <eoc> one one ?
1379V , PRP N V PRP V N , . <eoc> that means , our whole intelligence means that we want to be more dummies than trees , right ?
1380N . <eoc> yeah ?
1381N V . <eoc> no tree is carbon neutral .
1382, . <eoc> luckily , yes ?
1383V N . <eoc> there 's no overpopulation problem with trees .
1384V N . <eoc> there are still six hundred billion trees alone in the amazon .
1385PRP V N . <eoc> you 've heard about overpopulation problem with trees ?
1386V , PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> that means , all our intelligence means that we want to be a little bit of dumber than trees .
1387PRP V , N , N , V PRP N V . <eoc> and where you see , even at a little bit like the meters , the most strider bio- agriculture , doesn 't allow our own metabolic products go back .
1388N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> every year , we 're going to lose three million tons of phosphorus that would actually go back to circular cycles .
1389PRP V . <eoc> and we 're too many .
1390V PRP . <eoc> just about it .
1391V PRP V N PRP V . V N , N , N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> that means we feel so guilty about the earth that we say . there 's no organic construction construction , no agricultural land , no degree cloud , and as you can go back to your own excrement .
1392N . <eoc> isn 't that sad ?
1393PRP V . <eoc> so we 're too many .
1394PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's safe to be less harmful to what oil consumption is .
1395V PRP . <eoc> but where are we useful ?
1396PRP V PRP N , PRP V N V . <eoc> we 're trying to minimize our ecological footprint , but it 's about having a big footprint that 's useful .
1397PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , V , . <eoc> we want to be good for society , we want to be good for economies , but if it 's about the environment , the highest is not there , yes ?
1398N , . <eoc> nlinses , yes ?
1399PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> you can only have nulance if you 're not there .
1400PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> even if they shot , they would have emissions .
1401PRP V N . <eoc> so you can 't solve this stuff .
1402PRP V PRP . <eoc> we can do it differently .
1403PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we can regain our nutrients .
1404PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we 're doing in brazil in where we win the nutrients .
1405PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's right now to be able to get nutrients in agriculture to this kind of way nutrients .
1406PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 're doing this in china for example , where we take directly the waste .
1407N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> in china , a night period is called a goose pot now , in a way , like , yeah ?
1408PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and in our western world , we were always too stupid to bring our nutrients .
1409V , N V N V , N V N . <eoc> that means , the whole western civilization-heritage is based on the city that the city has just taken up , but the farmers never have given something back .
1410N V , N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> the cities had to grow more , because the farmers went to the cities , and the cities had to keep their nutrients .
1411N V , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so all the western rich are always expanding , until they 've done the infrastructure anymore , and then they were imploded .
1412N . <eoc> yeah ?
1413N , PRP V . <eoc> in china , it was different .
1414PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you 've managed to get fragments of a thousand years , because you were always able to get the nutrients .
1415N , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> even today , if you 're invited to dinner , you expect to eat in china when you 're going to stay because you 're looking for the toilet .
1416PRP V N V N . <eoc> because it 's unfriendly ; walking and take nutrients .
1417PRP V PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> you have them to be invited them to lunch , not for nutrient theft .
1418V , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> that means , you can see the internet as you can regain the nutrients .
1419N V , PRP V , V N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> what 's really nice about this is , if you do that , so agriculture makes biogas , on a hectare of land with five thousand dollars , chickens , and a farmer , and ducks and vegetables , and fish .
1420N V N V N . <eoc> and the great thing about this is that the crime rates in the favelas is about ninety percent .
1421PRP V N V . <eoc> so we don 't have to control people to be very bad .
1422PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we can support them to be good .
1423V N , N V PRP . <eoc> this is a high-tech agriculture , but the facilities carry themselves .
1424N V N . <eoc> the side product is safe water .
1425PRP V N , N V PRP . <eoc> and they 're designed by design , that a farmer can just put it up .
1426V N V . <eoc> that means that the crime rates go back .
1427N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> and none of these facilities , we 've built now over 100 people in the last 20 years , none of these facilities have ever been aborted .
1428PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you could just throw a liter of the tar in , and then you would ruin the plant over years .
1429N V . <eoc> don 't find .
1430V , PRP V N V . <eoc> that means , we don 't have to control people to be very bad .
1431PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we can support them to be good .
1432V PRP V N . <eoc> that means we need to get phosphorus back .
1433N , PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> and by the way , if you want to do what do , write in germany to the best part of all the noise in france is in frantar .
1434, PRP V N , PRP V N PRP . <eoc> unfortunately , it 's not in open bach , but maybe you can help the frankenlants a little bit about it .
1435N V N . <eoc> because the frantic facility could be the best part of phosphorus .
1436PRP V . <eoc> and it has to go back .
1437PRP V N V . <eoc> we see that phosphorus is really critical .
1438PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and we see it 's true .
1439PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 've been using banks now , and we 've used over three years .
1440N V , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> the dutch government explained , they 're going to be the first country in the world , which is phosphorus back .
1441PRP V . <eoc> but we need that overall .
1442PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> you know , there are two countries that are almost 70 percent of the phosphorus in the world .
1443V N . <eoc> there is opec a bunch of orphanages .
1444V N V N . <eoc> these are six year-old countries who control four percent of oil supplies .
1445N PRP V N . <eoc> and the oil we will replace can replace by other energy carriers .
1446PRP V N . <eoc> but it 's going to replace phosphorus .
1447PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not about making the existing slightly less bad , but it 's about making something right .
1448PRP V N V . <eoc> and it 's just to ask what the right thing is .
1449V PRP V N , N . <eoc> that means it 's about efficiency , not efficiency .
1450N , PRP V , N , N V N . <eoc> in holland , you understand that , of course , because in holland and the land is built on flowers .
1451N . <eoc> yeah ?
1452N PRP N V PRP N , PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> imagine if for example your wife 's sad , if you 've got it up , and you 'll get them with 50 yards .
1453. <eoc> entirely inefficient .
1454, . <eoc> but really , really , yes ?
1455V N . <eoc> or take a lip pen .
1456N V N PRP N . <eoc> a woman in germany eats about six of three kilograms of her life .
1457. <eoc> so .
1458PRP V N V , PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's not exactly the science right , because we don 't know how much throwaway is going to do .
1459N , N , N V PRP , V , . <eoc> but a lip pen , even at this illumination , i can tell you , is completely inefficient , but very effectively , yes ?
1460N V . <eoc> one thing that 's beautiful in life is not efficient .
1461V N , PRP V N . <eoc> this is not resource efficiency , it 's efficiency .
1462V , V N . <eoc> to ask , what is the right thing ?
1463V N V PRP V N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> not to burn up a little bit better on burning and put it up and put the whole materials to lose flow of materials , but first to ask , how do you bring circular cycles ?
1464N V N . <eoc> imagine mozart was taking efficient .
1465N . <eoc> yeah ?
1466N V PRP N , V N V N . <eoc> when i invite you to dinner and say , yes , there 's a tablet with open bashy taste and a glass of water .
1467, . <eoc> wonderful , yes ?
1468V . <eoc> this is efficient .
1469N V N V . <eoc> everything that 's beautiful in life is not efficient .
1470PRP V N , N . <eoc> if you fall in love with somebody , efficient ?
1471N . <eoc> yeah ?
1472V N V N V . <eoc> that means everything that matters in life is not about saving and to reduce .
1473N . <eoc> all the environmental discussion .
1474PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we say the people , oh yes , you have no environmental consciousness in the south .
1475, V N , . <eoc> no , throw away the right , yes ?
1476N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> at any point where you take away , yes , you make a life of life .
1477N . <eoc> but the wrong stuff .
1478PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you take the wrong stuff , you have a waste problem .
1479PRP V N . <eoc> we think about north korea .
1480V N . <eoc> there 's every footprint .
1481PRP V , N V N . <eoc> when they walk , yes , every footprint is all the bottom .
1482N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> because the floor is going to die down and the wind will die , and the water will drop the ground .
1483PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> but if you 're in italy , every footprint means that the water remains longer in the meadow .
1484, PRP V N V N . <eoc> so , it 's about creating a large footprint that is going to be a sea area .
1485N . <eoc> not school management .
1486PRP V N . <eoc> we say in germany .
1487N . <eoc> yeah ?
1488V PRP , V PRP N . <eoc> but if i ask you , how do you about your wife ?
1489V PRP V . <eoc> what do you say ?
1490N . <eoc> sustainable .
1491N V , N , . <eoc> i say , oh gosh , yeah ?
1492PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just the minimum amount .
1493V , N . <eoc> so not save , not save .
1494N V N . <eoc> every waste is nutrient .
1495PRP V N PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> and it 's a sense when you see in italy , how people in the high bow would kick out of the car out of the car .
1496, PRP V , V N . <eoc> because , you know , this is a fun process .
1497PRP V N , . <eoc> it 's a form of peer behavior , yes ?
1498PRP V , N V . <eoc> you can show , i was there .
1499N , V . <eoc> but with the right design , please be beautiful .
1500PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> we 've developed a jet apparatus , for example , which is in space temperature .
1501PRP V PRP V . <eoc> they can kick them where they go and stand .
1502N , PRP V . <eoc> in two hours , it builds up everywhere .
1503PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and it contains seeds of rare plants , so that they 're contributing through the footprints of biodiversity .
1504V , PRP V , V . <eoc> that means , we 're useful , not less harmful .
1505, PRP V N . <eoc> so , it comes two circular cycles .
1506PRP V . <eoc> it 's not all possible to be compost .
1507N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> a tv or a washing machine , you just use it , you don 't use it .
1508N , N , N V , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> just the things , the veiled , like shoe sols , like brabells , like the writers that have to be that they 're going to go into biological systems .
1509N V N . <eoc> the things that are just used to go into technical systems .
1510N PRP V N . <eoc> but today we 're only talking about biological systems .
1511N . <eoc> yeah ?
1512N , . <eoc> for example of sowes , yes ?
1513PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's perfectly direct advertising , and it 's not for the company puma by hand , but it 's now helping this business to make these products successfully .
1514PRP V N . <eoc> because we don 't do things out of the things .
1515N . <eoc> yeah ?
1516, N V PRP N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , when i invite you to lunch and say , that 's free of nails , then you don 't help anything .
1517, PRP V N V . <eoc> no , we have the thing that 's in .
1518. <eoc> positive .
1519PRP V N . <eoc> so it 's not like detonx .
1520N . <eoc> not poisonous in power .
1521PRP V , V . <eoc> it 's all , which is useful .
1522V N PRP V N V N , . <eoc> these are the first shoes that you can put in the panels of the footsteps of the footsteps and can go rubber in biological circulations , yeah ?
1523N V . <eoc> everything that is compost .
1524PRP V PRP , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and if we can do it , of course , for aids , for nike , for henne and mauritz and the whole textile industry .
1525V N V N . <eoc> and this is half of all the world 's problems that are caused by the textile industry .
1526V PRP V , V N . <eoc> that 's why they help , ask for people .
1527N , N , V PRP V . <eoc> hey , puma , are you really serious ?
1528PRP V N . <eoc> because they have changed twice the state of state now .
1529V PRP V . <eoc> and i 'm not so sure you 're really staying there .
1530, V PRP N . <eoc> so , help me a little bit of this .
1531PRP V . <eoc> but it goes .
1532N . <eoc> yeah .
1533V . <eoc> this was what 's been presented .
1534PRP V . <eoc> it goes .
1535PRP V N PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> we can now do things like that if they go , if they go broken , they can walk into biological circular cycles .
1536N V . <eoc> technical circular cycles is the same .
1537V N . <eoc> there 's a direct line for this .
1538V N , V N . <eoc> this is the first green backpack , actually , which is made to go back to the cycle .
1539, N , PRP V N . <eoc> again , in every shop , you can get rid of the things .
1540PRP V , . <eoc> if you get to that , yes ?
1541V PRP V N . <eoc> do you remember the wind even ?
1542N , N V . <eoc> in the moment , the waste is .
1543V N , . <eoc> everywhere are these wind up everywhere , almost .
1544N V N . <eoc> in the countries where people come to money .
1545V N , N , . <eoc> there 's on the landmark , but also in the landscape , right ?
1546PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if we change the plastics , so that he can go into biological systems , if we change the water memory , inside that they can go back on cellulose , then they can plant a baby in israel or in tunisia 100 trees .
1547N . <eoc> yeah ?
1548PRP V N , PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> just if you take those of the wind , you recycle , sterile and steam powder to plant the trees .
1549V N , N . <eoc> so that 's the baby of carbon positive for all life , in the beginning of the beginning .
1550, PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , we don 't need a clicic , we can be climate change .
1551PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about a radio-special surgery print .
1552N , N . <eoc> yeah , sort of thing .
1553N . <eoc> yeah ?
1554PRP V . <eoc> we can do that .
1555PRP V N . <eoc> we can reinvent everything again .
1556N V N . <eoc> i started doing an institute .
1557N , N V , PRP V . <eoc> in the meanwhile , lots of people work with , and they can all be engaged in .
1558V N , N , N V . <eoc> there 's extra a company , cfo , ccradle to where everyone can join .
1559, V , V , V , V N , N . <eoc> so , not save more , fishing , avoid , reducing , not school management , but smart waste .
1560V PRP V PRP . <eoc> does she make it curious ?
1561N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
1562N V . <eoc> the work of the adoption went .
1563N . <eoc> music as a language .
1564N PRP N V N V N , N , N . <eoc> in the description of my speech says that i was an interpreter , as an translator , in the english word .
1565PRP V N V N . <eoc> and he 's shown in the translator of the written music in the title music .
1566PRP V N V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> if you don 't just consider the officer of word for word the text in a different language , but also the deeper sense of words and attitude is to understand a meaningful translation of the knowledge that everybody has to do with strangeness .
1567V N , V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> to translate from german into english , more knowledge can be knowledge , even if you 're about poetry or it 's about poetry .
1568V PRP V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> but rather alien is it for lavies what we do with our music language .
1569N , N V N . <eoc> as an interpreter of a music , first of all , the written notes .
1570PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> you think that the composer has written in the notes exactly what he thought was there .
1571N , N V . <eoc> in fact , the notes are very vague and unaccurate .
1572N V N , N , V N . <eoc> these notes are about as much as accurate as a verbal , as well , as well as a very seemingly accurate , description of a landscape .
1573N , N V N V N V N , V N . <eoc> because in this verbal heritage analysis , the fragrance is not to smell the flowers that are just to know the degrees of the lesters , not to feel the shakers of the way .
1574V N V N , V , N . <eoc> that means that the interpreter has to translate this unaccurately description of the sound of the other , which is audible , concrete , nonverbal music language .
1575N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> today i want to show you what i 'm going to be compassionate and so let 's say animals even translate into a verbal language .
1576N . <eoc> so basically a translation of translation .
1577V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so i prefer to do it all better to do in german , because if i had to translate it to english for me as an equal role in translation of the translation of translation .
1578, N V PRP N . <eoc> so , the music works for me as much as the spoken language .
1579N V N . <eoc> the eight notes have the function of the letter of a writing .
1580, PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so , it 's not enough to learn just to read music and to press the tone on the piano or the right place on a violvah .
1581V N PRP V . <eoc> that 's just the letters you 've learned to paint .
1582N V PRP V N . <eoc> the meaning of the letters you can only recognize when to do the language .
1583N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so for the learning process , you need for the learning process of music to be at least as long as the spoken language .
1584PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's also in addition , whether you learn it for the home , just passively , or you can be actively talking to the musical mother language .
1585N V N . <eoc> the work of the interpretations begins similar to the form of a theater district .
1586PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> after you 've chosen a piece , because you 're excited about it , first of all , you 've been trying to figure out the emergence of the composition of composition .
1587PRP V N . <eoc> you collect information about the piece in the high public literature .
1588PRP V N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> you read in the letters , tastures , notes , or whether words , thoughts , from the composers .
1589PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> you study the works that he had composed before and after .
1590PRP V N . <eoc> you add comparisons .
1591N V PRP . <eoc> the motivation for writing it .
1592, V PRP V . <eoc> so , how did he reflect ?
1593V PRP N , N . <eoc> how were its life environments , like the society and politics ?
1594N V PRP . <eoc> i 'm interested in it .
1595PRP V N , V N , N . <eoc> you think in this time , by looking at contemporary images , or literature .
1596N , PRP V N V N PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> but with time , you also have an interpreter for a rich knowledge around the composers that you play oil , and it 's still easier to think in it and feel like .
1597N V N PRP V . <eoc> the composer is always going to be more for a friend that you live with .
1598PRP N V N , V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> his cause to write the piece , gets more and more and more to my personal concerns to play it .
1599N V N , V N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> now the notes are all different than a look of the composer of the composer , but just a framework , i 'm going to ask this framework to fill it back with sense and meaning again .
1600N V PRP N , V N . <eoc> i 'm going to say to my own words , which might be written between this framework .
1601N V N V . <eoc> i 'll be pleased to explain what these sound might have .
1602PRP , N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> now for me , and for the composers then , and what they might mean for him today .
1603N , N V N V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> every tone , every type gets a sense because i feel it yourself , because it 's out of my personal life .
1604PRP V PRP N , N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> it has to be in my mind and now , i can 't convince my audiences that my cause is .
1605PRP V N , N V N , N V N V . <eoc> it 's always a very happy concert , if i can have the experience , the piece that i 've worked in advance of how to experience new .
1606PRP V N , N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> how you 've seen a happy new day again , even though with the same rituals of life , stand up , early days , to work , i also live the same piece over and over again .
1607N V N , PRP N V N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i 've become older people over again , the seasons , my pulse is slow down at the morning in a concert hall , it takes longer to take the sound back than home .
1608N V N , N . <eoc> i take the presence of the audience , consciously or unconsciously .
1609PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> all of it affected me and all that affects my experience with the composition .
1610, N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , quite wonderfully , when i stand with a fragrance partner on stage , and we have the same wavelength .
1611N , N . <eoc> then the same thing happens in a good , well-justiconversation .
1612PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> you bring a new idea in , and the same thing that answers will be a reaction .
1613PRP V , N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's exciting , because then things that we don 't have , and what you can 't do with that way .
1614PRP V N V N , PRP N V N V . <eoc> it makes great fun to make music in this way , and you as the audience have experienced the way the music communicates .
1615N V N . <eoc> so each concert is another concert .
1616N V N . <eoc> i will never play more like that in this moment .
1617N V N . <eoc> i can 't play as today as in 20 years .
1618N V N , N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i 'm going to have more life-experience than today , and i 'm going to have a lot more color on my palette of music , even more colors and emotion and emotion than today .
1619N , V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> sure , i 'll have some colorings that i can get out of color , but you get new ones .
1620V N . <eoc> have a nice example of this .
1621PRP V N PRP N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> it was on a piano viewing for music students in my loved old teacher , professor jarreds , a well-known beethoven specialist , concert pianist , and long-year-old professor of music school , in tenure way .
1622, N V PRP V , N V . <eoc> unfortunately , i was much too young that he was already illiterate , when i finally started studying .
1623N V PRP N , N V PRP N . <eoc> but i had the great fortune to meet him very early with 10 years , and so i was in my classes .
1624N V N V PRP N , V N , N . <eoc> i was 17 when i took one of his classes back then , and played the last one of the four balshop of chopin , a week .
1625PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> he asked me what the introduction of this courtship will be for me .
1626PRP V N . <eoc> it 's such a tragic part .
1627PRP N , N V , N . <eoc> and in my youth , i said , expectation .
1628V PRP V , . <eoc> there he shrunk and said , so ?
1629V N . <eoc> that 's got to be a difference .
1630PRP , PRP V . <eoc> because for me , it means memory .
1631PRP V N . <eoc> he was over sixties .
1632, N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> well , with 17 , you have dreams , but no major memories .
1633N V N , PRP V PRP , N V . <eoc> i play the piece of every couple of years , and it always changed for me , although no one note changed .
1634N PRP V , N V N . <eoc> every time it 's exciting , because again , i read something new .
1635N , N , V N . <eoc> an example , from a very different area , and monet made the selils draw .
1636PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> it 's always the same garden , but for different days , in different feet .
1637PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> he 's translated the seanes all the way , as he saw it , as they did it in this moment .
1638PRP N . <eoc> his personal imports of the searse .
1639N V N . <eoc> the x-mt interpretation of a piece is like this .
1640, N V N PRP V N . <eoc> meanwhile , i 've been also older than chopin in a two-year-old 30 years when he wrote the piece .
1641PRP V N . <eoc> he 's only lived in the ninth 30 years .
1642PRP V PRP V N , V PRP . <eoc> and it 's important to look back to your notes , even if i 'm being able to memorize it .
1643V N , N . <eoc> to keep the onion , right with the composers .
1644N V N PRP . <eoc> because the notes are the only connection to him .
1645PRP V . <eoc> especially if he died .
1646, V PRP V N . <eoc> now , how do you start talking about the language of music ?
1647N V , PRP V N . <eoc> i said yes , you need about as long as the spoken word for the spoken word .
1648, N V PRP V N . <eoc> often , the music class is that you learn just to read the notes .
1649PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you learn how to read it before you just talk a word .
1650PRP V N . <eoc> you learn to find the sounds on the instrument .
1651N , PRP V N , V N V N . <eoc> if all of the time in time and right , like it 's moving in the notes , then come out of sound that sounds like music .
1652V N , N V N . <eoc> if that comes out of error , the students get the closest difficult piece .
1653PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's not the interpretation of being talking about interpretation .
1654N , V N , V N . <eoc> all right , there 's the front finish , that 's a quick piece .
1655N , . <eoc> louo , slowly .
1656V N , N , . <eoc> according to the symbols , f and b , etc .
1657PRP V . <eoc> you know most about this .
1658PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but even when you put this information , it 's still a piece of technical .
1659PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's still not interpretation .
1660N V . <eoc> i wonder .
1661N V PRP V N . <eoc> i wonder that you often forget something very fundamental .
1662V N V PRP N V . <eoc> and that is to make music on the instrument that your musical ability and feel to be there before .
1663V . <eoc> that 's what to sing .
1664N V PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> a child that doesn 't learn to sing because it didn 't have the parents , it 's not going to do it .
1665PRP V N . <eoc> it 's like talking about people .
1666PRP V PRP N V PRP N , N V . <eoc> it 's necessary to have its own experiences and idea of music to have it over a different way , so about an instrument to make sound .
1667N V N V N PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> people who never went out and have been felt immediately in the body as well as their own body as it is to form a sound .
1668N PRP N . <eoc> a phrase with his own breath .
1669N V N PRP N . <eoc> the musical organism is the expansion of our body .
1670PRP N V PRP N PRP N V . <eoc> our vocal chords to singing our hands and their feet to dance .
1671N V N PRP N . <eoc> so the hags in the piano are the sequel of my fingers .
1672N V N . <eoc> the tune comes out of the moungenes and the rhythm of the dance .
1673N V N . <eoc> the longer-residence today is not conducive to the music .
1674PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> you don 't need to make yourself music if it 's going to be boring .
1675V PRP V N . <eoc> do no longer need you to sing a song or singing .
1676PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> every aspect of your music is going to be touched if you 're constantly sending music from the outside with music .
1677, V PRP V , V , V PRP V N V . <eoc> sure , there are some of you who say , yes , but what do you do when i can 't sing , if i can 't sing ?
1678N V , PRP V , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> the question i can 't sing , you can 't sing , a , because you believe they can 't sing ?
1679N , PRP V . <eoc> or b , because they didn 't learn to sing ?
1680PRP V N V PRP V PRP , V N V N . <eoc> and it 's not too late to start to find out if you can 't yet , or learn how to make them these little muscles that are hiring the vocal chords .
1681PRP V . <eoc> and you can train that .
1682N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> or c , because you were accused of them that they 're unstoppable .
1683N V , V N . <eoc> and i wonder how educated , was this diagnosis ?
1684V PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> have you got a second or third opinion as you say it 's beautiful today ?
1685, PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> or d , you may not like music , and you want to have no music and to do that too .
1686N V N V , N . <eoc> but what i would feel regret because music is a beautiful , communicative thing .
1687PRP V PRP . <eoc> but maybe you can also change them .
1688, PRP V , N V N . <eoc> well , so you can see , all the cases there must be a pretentious candidate .
1689V N V , V N . <eoc> but don 't say , i don 't understand the classical music .
1690N V PRP V . <eoc> i can 't say whether it 's good or bad .
1691N V , PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> i say , but sure you can tell you whether you like it or not .
1692V PRP V N , V PRP V PRP N V . <eoc> because i don 't think it says somebody , i don 't know if it 's my taste because i can 't cook .
1693, PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so , you don 't get rid of food , because you can 't cook .
1694PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so you don 't have to get through classical music , because you don 't play a instrument .
1695N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> listen carefully , and tell you whether it tastes or not .
1696N V PRP . <eoc> whether music is too pepper or sweet and it 's too sweet .
1697V PRP V . <eoc> tell what you feel .
1698N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> at the time , they also get a word and want a little bit more appreciated there or taste a little bit more .
1699V N V PRP N , V PRP V . <eoc> why do i challenge now by my audience , that is it being actively listening to ?
1700N V N V . <eoc> because the music is a language and a language is to communicate .
1701N PRP V N . <eoc> a piece of artwork you never see has no force .
1702N V N , V , V , V N . <eoc> the food that has been cooking from a chef , or a chef loving , has to be eaten , and not just looked at the coach .
1703V PRP V N V . <eoc> so let me stop when a music is played .
1704PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not just a nice noise .
1705N , N V N , V N , PRP V N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> if in a environment , where the adults are active music or at least active music , a child is growing up , then it 's very easy for a music teacher , to ask what color has your flower ?
1706PRP V PRP N . <eoc> can you play me in blue now ?
1707N V N , N V N . <eoc> and the child is playing for a memorial , rather than a red flower was going on a blue flower .
1708V . <eoc> and this sounds quite different than before .
1709V N . <eoc> that was the first beginning of a musical response .
1710N . <eoc> so the first step to an interpretation .
1711V PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> and what happens when you play a piece of today that has been written by a hundred and a hundred years ago , a hundred years ago ?
1712, N V . <eoc> meanwhile , the instruments are moved .
1713V N . <eoc> there was no piano in the time as a instrument .
1714PRP V . <eoc> it was just not invented .
1715N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> i think that the bach would have been thrilled if he had the sound possibilities of the modern peace .
1716N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> i can 't hear the sound of sound that i 've had to make in the modern wings to sound what a barox can 't do .
1717, PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> also , she knows that he heard more than he had gotten deaf .
1718N V N V N V N . <eoc> today is a modern orchestra in order to play everything that an orchestra of the time was undeniable .
1719N V PRP N V N . <eoc> so the composers depend on us on the ability to reinvent the pieces again .
1720PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so they 're going to be hearing what they 're just thinking in the mind .
1721, PRP V N . <eoc> and also , what you would think of the mind today .
1722V N PRP V . <eoc> or what i 've been asking today because what you might have thought .
1723N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
1724PRP V , V . <eoc> you know , what is envy ?
1725V PRP . <eoc> were you even envy ?
1726V PRP V . <eoc> and how did it feel ?
1727N . <eoc> blow .
1728N V N V N . <eoc> i have a friend who 's driving a worthy goat .
1729V , PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> so if i come to come , with my little v , and then it comes out of this feeling .
1730N V N PRP N . <eoc> i shoot something through your head .
1731N V , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> i say , vif , what do you need for a big car ?
1732V N PRP N . <eoc> that loses half for the first year of his score .
1733, PRP V N V . <eoc> and at all , you work much less than i do .
1734V PRP N . <eoc> why must i afford my little car ?
1735N V , V . <eoc> and then one of the time comes up , that 's unfair .
1736PRP V N . <eoc> it 's against the justice .
1737N V N , V N . <eoc> and as i say the word justice , this is an awkward feeling .
1738PRP N V N V N V . <eoc> our organism has invented a great method to make such unpleasant feelings like envy just to disappear .
1739PRP V N , N . <eoc> you can also try to try and try words like revenge or a profit , or something like that .
1740N V PRP N V N PRP V . <eoc> i want to explain to you today with this mechanism or something that you 're not familiar with .
1741N V N . <eoc> the mechanism comes from the lie .
1742V N , PRP V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> but don 't think about the lie , as you might have heard you heard when people say no one has the intention of building a wall .
1743N V PRP N . <eoc> and then rocks are strapped to them the point of view .
1744N , PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> in a lie , you see that the liars doesn 't believe what he says .
1745PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it makes it easy to test that this is completely different in mind .
1746PRP V PRP , PRP . <eoc> it just deceives them , and not themselves .
1747, N V N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> no , the lie that i 'm talking about is that they have fake it .
1748PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> they need this lie to have a life lie to get a self-delusion .
1749PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> you can get less easily , yes , you can check or fall .
1750PRP V N . <eoc> they need time .
1751N , N PRP V . <eoc> from this time , an anecdote that you might know .
1752N V N . <eoc> the spanish painter pundrdan has portrayed a woman once .
1753N V N V PRP N . <eoc> this woman has signed by the portrait wouldn 't look like it at all .
1754N , V . <eoc> picasso song , wait one .
1755PRP V PRP . <eoc> it will always be more like you .
1756N PRP V , PRP V N V , N PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> at this point and when you laugh , you realize how important this lie is and how much time you need , to know something that artists can tell us .
1757N V N . <eoc> because artists have a broken relationship to the lie .
1758N V PRP N , N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> the artist is sharing them something , and especially this lady , what she doesn 't see when they look at the mirror .
1759N V PRP N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> the artist is sharing them in a portrait of something that they 're only familiar with when they look at this piece of art .
1760, N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> then , that awkward sensation , it could not look like it , and it will always be more like it .
1761PRP V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> here you have this mechanism with which we can use the lie as a great invention to stabilize our lifestyles .
1762N , N , N , PRP V . <eoc> and not only in art , even in the census of the fairy tales , in the mythology , in stories it comes back .
1763PRP V N V N , V PRP , V N . <eoc> you may know this idea of the queen that looked in the mirror , and asked him , who is the most beautiful in the country ?
1764N , N V , V N . <eoc> one day , this mirror says , yes , there 's a nice thing .
1765N . <eoc> behind the seven mountains and so on .
1766PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and you also know how much hostility is from this true education , the mirror can 't lie out of this true gathering .
1767PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> but we should just feel familiar with that you can 't tell a woman to say that there 's a beauty somewhere else .
1768PRP V PRP V N V . <eoc> here it 's necessary that we need to understand what is going to be familiar with the political origins and to mind .
1769PRP V N V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> we need this kind of lie that we need to hold on with deception without our lives .
1770PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> we 're not only in art , in the census of folk science , but also in science of such great lies in science .
1771V N . <eoc> and there 's this story from the moschester of the bishop of worchester .
1772PRP V N , N . <eoc> she heard about this book by charles darwin , the origin of man and the descent of man .
1773N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> the man of the monkey came from the monkeys and , yes , it was at least a common ancestor between people and monkeys .
1774PRP V PRP N , PRP V , V N V . <eoc> and then she ran her to her husband , and said , that 's probably not true that charles here he writes .
1775N V N V N . <eoc> the man should have come from the monkeys or shared a common ancestor .
1776, PRP V . <eoc> no , no , it 's not .
1777PRP V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and if it 's true , then we have to prevent people 's expertise .
1778V PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> why do we need to prevent people 's expertise when it 's true ?
1779PRP V N . <eoc> because we can 't live without that life lie .
1780PRP V N , N , N , N , V N , V PRP . <eoc> because we have this self-deception , this sense of being great , lineage of the highest creatures , not from one such a naptive , from such a kind of unfair form like an organism , which is unstoppable and whatever things that are unstoppable for us .
1781, PRP V N . <eoc> so , we can 't bear these things .
1782PRP V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> we need to prevent people 's knowledge of things , especially if they 're true .
1783PRP V N V , N V PRP V N PRP , V PRP N . <eoc> so you can see how slowly this mechanism dissolves out and how the tracks look , which will lead you to something else than that great image of ourselves , i want to give you another story .
1784N , N . <eoc> a particularly beautiful story , like i mean .
1785PRP N V PRP . <eoc> my wife told me .
1786PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> she came from school one day , she 's a teacher , and she told from a student .
1787N . <eoc> an autistic student .
1788PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> she likes to love him , because he has a propensity for sincerity .
1789PRP V PRP , V PRP N . <eoc> and she asked him , what are your hobbies ?
1790PRP V , V N . <eoc> and he says , well , i 'm at the firemen .
1791N V N , N V N . <eoc> and because i 'm at the fire department , i 'm interested in the pygoric things .
1792, PRP V PRP , PRP V N . V N . <eoc> yes , you feel it , if you 're hot at this point . there 's something wrong .
1793N V PRP N , N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i told my wife , whenever a man in a moral framework of making the literal way , we should try to replace it through the literal way .
1794PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> so you do that , and then you 'll experience the phrase .
1795N V N , N V N . <eoc> even though i 'm at the fire department , i 'm interested in thermal things .
1796PRP V , V N . <eoc> you feel , that 's the actual truth behind the education .
1797N , V N V N . <eoc> so a small bub , which is not a bit of a fire .
1798PRP V N . <eoc> it 's interested in fire .
1799V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but there 's no one that we can look at where you learn how to make fire .
1800V N , N . <eoc> there 's only the second best , the fire department .
1801PRP V . <eoc> there he was signed up .
1802, PRP V PRP N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and again , you don 't tell your teacher to say that you 'd like to put up in a way to be happy when the fire came up for weeks .
1803, PRP V , PRP V PRP V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> no , it just looks much better , if we show that we 're in charge of the dangers that the other only can do when they put fire .
1804PRP V N . <eoc> here you have this little mechanism .
1805N V N V PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> this idea that in the head of bush already knew that it 's actually related to the fire , but that he can 't say that loud .
1806PRP V N V PRP V N PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> here they have this suite between the unconscious and the conscious who immediately jumps up without having you do something about it and the things that you can tell you and others can sound a lot better .
1807PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> so you just get these words that we 're also doing in the language of political right now .
1808, PRP V N V . <eoc> actually , we know that something else is the case .
1809PRP V PRP V , N V . <eoc> but we know when we 're writing that , the social things are very sensitive .
1810PRP V . <eoc> we can 't just do that .
1811PRP V , N V . <eoc> it 's impossible , these things in a society that wants to work .
1812V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so i want to show you what we 've found in my institute .
1813N , N , N , N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> after the logic that deception , these self-deception , the willingness of a different reality than the ones that we 're actually conscious know , that it 's valid to spread out to the outside .
1814, N V PRP , N . <eoc> so , i want to present to you two , maybe three examples .
1815N V PRP V , PRP V , N . <eoc> the first example is ahead of what many of you know , and some of you are , very few of you don 't need at all .
1816V N . <eoc> i mean the soul .
1817V N . <eoc> what 's the soul ?
1818N V N , V N . <eoc> the soul is something like this , says about leibniz .
1819PRP V N V N , N V . <eoc> it 's something that is not of stop , tangible nature is .
1820PRP V N V PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N , V N , N , N , N . <eoc> and if you have people who have the strong belief that you own a soul or you can also say that the belief that you 've got to life , the earth is held , unfavorable , undefined , unimportant , yes , left .
1821N , PRP V PRP V N , N , N V PRP N , N . <eoc> and from that soul , you now think that you 're somehow in this cloud of nature , in this lucifer nature , ana , that 's called it in latin , the air .
1822N V N , PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> and if that air goes to the people , then it 's filled with dignity , with nature that can only live , even with the soul .
1823PRP V . <eoc> and then he can walk off .
1824V N V . <eoc> that 's the idea of how the soul seems .
1825PRP V N . <eoc> so it should come from the outside to people .
1826PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> so we should be able to think of them as something that really should be present for our lives .
1827PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and if you have these attentive eyes , you understand the logic that we 're experiencing this happiness through a lie to make our world better .
1828PRP V N . <eoc> because now you can apply a three-sentence .
1829N PRP V N . <eoc> three sentence you know from school .
1830V N V PRP N . <eoc> so this is now a three-sentence that describes us a logic .
1831V N PRP N . <eoc> this is the hardest part in my talk .
1832PRP V N , N V . <eoc> here you need something logic , but also the willingness to lie .
1833V PRP V N . <eoc> that 's how you can use these logic simply wrong .
1834N , N V . <eoc> in that three sentence , three sentences come from .
1835N V , V N . <eoc> the first sentence is , scribble out there 's no soul .
1836N V , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so the second sentence is , if i 'm right , then he has no soul .
1837V N . <eoc> now there 's a third sentence .
1838N V PRP . <eoc> i put him in particular here .
1839N V N V N . <eoc> a third sentence that immediately comes up with people who have a strong feeling for a soul .
1840PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> they say who doesn 't have a soul , which is dead and can 't claim anything .
1841V PRP V . <eoc> and here 's what you 're looking at .
1842V N , N . <eoc> here 's this logic in this , yes , in this deceptive speech to the expression .
1843PRP V PRP . <eoc> you look at it immediately .
1844N V . <eoc> the first two sentences that 's logical .
1845N V N . <eoc> i can say everything .
1846N V N . <eoc> the logic doesn 't mean about reality .
1847N V N V N . <eoc> i can say the canoe is a man .
1848N V , N V N . <eoc> and when i 'm right , the canoe is a man .
1849V , N V N . <eoc> if i 'm not right , the canoe is not a man .
1850N V N V . <eoc> the logic doesn 't make a statement about what 's true .
1851N V N . <eoc> i can claim everything .
1852N V , N V , PRP V . <eoc> but the key is , when i 'm right , it 's true .
1853N V , V N . <eoc> so when the guy says , there 's no soul .
1854, PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> secondly , if he 's right , he has no soul .
1855N V . <eoc> these things are logical .
1856, PRP N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and now , our deceptively conscious mind immediately , and you can do something .
1857PRP V N V N , N V N V . <eoc> it depends on a third sentence that doesn 't have anything to do with the first two sentences , and that 's the opposite of the first sentence is already proved and unmatched .
1858, PRP V N . <eoc> because actually , we have to prove whether there 's the soul or not .
1859N PRP V N V N V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but with this logic that it just uses that two sentences is accurate and a third of the things that looks like he can do something with that we can save our lives of life .
1860, PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so , we 're going to pretend it 's actually impossible without able to live a soul .
1861PRP V . <eoc> and we 're very happy about that .
1862PRP V N . <eoc> we can continue these things in different examples .
1863N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the present time , we have a very modern example that filled with the daycare newspapers .
1864, PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> so , you have to take another philosophical topic , a continual burning of the philosophy , present .
1865PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it has to do with it that we go back to the fourth century .
1866V N , V N , V N . <eoc> there was a scholars , which was called johannes burallall , and after this is named buridanne of all .
1867N V N V N . <eoc> the buridanne of all is a miton who is from pure nature .
1868PRP V N V N . <eoc> it doesn 't have that soul .
1869V N . <eoc> that 's such a natural thing .
1870PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and if you put the exact equivalent in the middle between two inches of bottles , then they 're breeding .
1871PRP V N V . <eoc> because he doesn 't know what 's going to do first to go first .
1872PRP V N . <eoc> so he 's right in the middle .
1873N V . <eoc> so the natural things were introduced .
1874N V . <eoc> same big forces with opposite provisional evidence to solve each other .
1875V N . <eoc> there 's nothing happening at all .
1876PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> only if you bring another example , so if you take that one day of a day , it doesn 't need any reason or nothing .
1877PRP V N . <eoc> he automatically runs the right idea .
1878PRP V N PRP V N , V , N V PRP , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> if you have this idea that you 're kind of driven in nature , determinated , from the bigger pile that attract you immediately , you also have to feel like you have to give something like a free will .
1879PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and if we 've already been in franboxing on the mast , then i remember the max plan institute for brain research .
1880V N , V N , PRP V , N V , V N . <eoc> there is a scholars , which is called wolf singer , and he says , sometimes , wolf singer , there 's no willfulness of freedom .
1881PRP V N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> now we can form again the second sentence , and then say if wolf is right , he 's not going to be free for everybody .
1882N V . <eoc> these sentences are absolutely logical and correct .
1883PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and what we can read almost every day in the daily newspaper , they find in this third sentence .
1884PRP V N V N , PRP N V N , PRP V . <eoc> it looks something like that no willfulness has no willfulness , can 't be drawn to its actions and claims to responsibility , and it 's therefore inadequate .
1885PRP V PRP . <eoc> and you have it again .
1886N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , you 'd have to prove it to account for something like willfulness .
1887N V PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> but the logic of deception allows us to do so much as if the first sentence of speakers are wrong when they were to take the opposite without proof .
1888PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and now you can just think if you want to make anything yourself , if you want to test anything , and especially if you want to make people happy , that courage to a lie .
1889N , N , PRP V N PRP V , V N . <eoc> practice , for example , if you look at a person that you can say , there 's no previous failure .
1890V N V N , V N . <eoc> and please don 't use the german word for predicted , that 's a prediction .
1891PRP V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> you can 't call it , it would be a little politically active .
1892PRP V , V N . <eoc> you say , there 's no previous failure .
1893, PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> now , you 're going to have one for granted , for example , you can 't see that you can 't prove that .
1894PRP V N . <eoc> and you have a problem .
1895PRP V , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> because while they 're busy doing that , they don 't prove that they can 't prove that there is no previous failure is the man very happy .
1896PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> he 's quite happy about because he claimed it .
1897PRP V PRP N PRP V PRP . <eoc> because he led them on a chase that he didn 't hold himself .
1898N , N V N . <eoc> because in fact , this man is not interested in evidence .
1899PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> he 's just interested in taking themselves out of the need to prove that there is predictable .
1900, N V N . <eoc> so , in the kind of the evidence of the evidence is the brilliance of the lie .
1901PRP V N , V N , V PRP , PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and if you have a possibility of once again , these three sentence in other people , do it , because they 're going to be happy if they don 't remember them in their own self .
1902N PRP N . <eoc> thank you for your attention .
1903N , N . <eoc> yeah , good afternoon .
1904N V N V PRP . <eoc> i was allowed to ask myself if i could mention them .
1905PRP V N , V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> she 's one of the organizers here from this great event , and i asked myself if i wanted to give a lecture and i give my idea pricing .
1906N V , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i have to say , you know it , it was hard to talk about my idea .
1907V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> and i may be able to imagine my island project i 'm trying to imagine you .
1908PRP V N , N . <eoc> but it 's the sum of all , very many ideas .
1909N V N V N V N V N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> i probably belong to the two nice girls there , i probably belong to the generation that has been given for this bad green image , because i have a nine hundred year-old girl , i guess , in the generation of the bad green image , because i have a nine hundred year-old girl , technical school , today , i believe , kit , i guess , kid .
1910PRP V PRP N V N V N , V N . <eoc> and it was going to hit me in the middle of the 80s in the ' 80s because i wanted to get renewable energy , and there was no way in the middle of the world .
1911V N . <eoc> there was the core research equipment of leolestone .
1912PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> they were all the ka mose , the jewish named kas .
1913N V N . <eoc> the names are projected today .
1914N V N , N . <eoc> because a good engineer has either built great cars , or nuclear power plants .
1915N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> but the kind of painter like the n solar fel , out of a hundred watts of the square meter , that was a toy , which was a toy .
1916N , PRP V N . <eoc> and in berlin , it was an insane engineer .
1917N V N V PRP V N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> i 'm grateful for the premin olas a man that he was killing the word again because after the mouth , you couldn 't use the word at all , because everything left was bad .
1918, V N . <eoc> however , this was not the untist years .
1919PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> it was like this because there was self-managed opportunity , and one of them was sitting in a cruise in the meg , where you suspected bad .
1920N , V N , V N , N V N . <eoc> the middle of the terrorist , but that was called , " arradiconics , and i made wind and solar energy and i started in the middle of the 80s .
1921, N V , V PRP , N V N V . <eoc> and yes , a lot of what happened today , touched me very , because many , many beautiful expressions were that i 've also done through .
1922N V N , V N . <eoc> i worked out 11 years in the collective , which was the grassroots democratic .
1923PRP V N . <eoc> we were 20 people .
1924N V , N V N , V N PRP N V PRP , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> if one no said , the legacy was to be a completely disconnected , and i 've been able to have a decade of my father 's hard to have , you put it out of the money on your kid .
1925PRP V N . <eoc> it 's engaging with the flaws .
1926V , N PRP V N , V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> and that was really , very low-fat and then you get in this way in this place , just diving into a picture where i asked for 10 years , and of course , that 's really what 's going to be , of course .
1927N V N , PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> and i kept up to the sixth , and then we 've been co-founding with friends , i 've become co-founder of the company soon , which became one of the largest cell manufacturer in the world .
1928N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> a huge success story , but also , we have the problem with a growing company , and we have two thousand , a little group , we decided that we 're going to go back , and we 're talking about cooking .
1929N V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> and i 've brought to you a project that i want to show you now .
1930N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and the title of the speaker was , yes , as you get to a hundred percent renewable .
1931PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and we just started to ask with a relatively simplistic story of questions , where if you could use a memory of energy today .
1932N , V N . <eoc> on this island , this is the island of granocsa on the azine .
1933N , V N . <eoc> yeah , that 's the data .
1934V N . <eoc> there are four and a half thousand people .
1935PRP V N . <eoc> they have a renewable energy share of five to the last 10 percent .
1936N V , V PRP V . <eoc> and the question is , why don 't they have ?
1937PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just technology .
1938PRP V N , N V . <eoc> if you build more wind power , the system starts to fail .
1939V PRP N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and i 'm also telling your politicians as you 're in berline-adread our facility .
1940PRP V , . <eoc> and then they always say , why ?
1941PRP V N . <eoc> we have 20 percent in germany .
1942PRP V N . <eoc> it can 't be a problem .
1943, PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> but not , we have seven percent in europe , and our web is physically seen the european union .
1944PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> if we had 20 percent in europe , we would have the same problems that people have on this island .
1945N V , V N , N V N , V N . <eoc> the question was simple , which was a number of 2006 , which was the first contacts with the island , just right now .
1946PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> how big it would have to be a battery , so you would have to be a battery in 20 , 30 , 40 , 50 , maybe 70 percent renewable , in fact .
1947, V N . <eoc> and yes , i 'll go again a little bit further .
1948N V N . <eoc> the conventional system looks like this all over the world .
1949N , N V N . <eoc> by the way , a year is about a hundred gigawatts of electric performance on the world 's development .
1950V N , PRP V . <eoc> that 's the power of a hundred nuclear power works , because it 's very fast everywhere .
1951N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the energy hunger of the world is going on , is deleted by diesel because you don 't need permission .
1952PRP V . <eoc> it goes fast .
1953PRP V N . <eoc> you put that box as well .
1954PRP V N . <eoc> and then it looks like this .
1955PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> they 're always waiting for three of these days , they 're always waiting .
1956, V N V N . <eoc> yes , this is what one that looks like at the bottom is the load .
1957PRP V N . <eoc> we 've got very carefully data .
1958N , PRP V , N V N V N . <eoc> and the wind power plant or the solar system , or whatever it is , in the rule of a bathup system or a system that can only be able to do in small amounts of here .
1959PRP N V PRP , . <eoc> our goal was to say it , okay .
1960N V N , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> the diesel is going to go up and the wind , sun controlling the load so that they can form the larger proportion .
1961PRP V N , N , N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you want to go over 20 , 30 percent renewable energy , so energy per year , not the performance at the moment , then you have to turn off the load of that .
1962V , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> that means , in the moment , you have to worry about the renewables that all of the grid can take over the web .
1963PRP , N , PRP V N . <eoc> you can , of course , if you 're in any way in some way .
1964V N V N . <eoc> this has no one ever done in the world .
1965PRP V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it 's in the small scale , so you can also use in the car on a small exchange in your hands .
1966N V PRP , V PRP V N . <eoc> people always ask me , what did they do in adlearning shop ?
1967PRP V . <eoc> it 's already .
1968PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> but if you want to switch tens of thousands of these changes , and you want to build a grid , it 's extremely complicated .
1969PRP N V , PRP V N , V N , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and our goal was , we wanted to go back to the seventy to ninety to ninety and then there 's still this rest , the last rest , the last 10 , 20 percent renewable , and that 's going to be very expensive and that will not work that you make that from batteries .
1970V N V , N , N , N , PRP V , V PRP . <eoc> this will be an energy carrier , which then , hydrogen , methane , power to gas , you or pee , that will be it .
1971PRP V N , V N . <eoc> you have to go more and find a seasonal memory and wind-summer , not just equal to the same thing .
1972PRP V N , N . <eoc> we just wanted to know what 's because with a normal , winise electrochemical battery .
1973V PRP V . <eoc> how far does you get there ?
1974PRP V N . <eoc> and then we did a whole bunch of simulation .
1975V N V N , N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and have wind and sun and the load of the load and came to the result , a very exciting outcome that is required to be in the conventional system , after 20 years , about 50 cents per kilowattage of about 50 cents per kilowatt-cent -- about 4,500 cents per gallon .
1976V N . <eoc> these were the first calculations six years ago .
1977PRP V , N . <eoc> and then we said , okay .
1978PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's great , then we have a business model .
1979PRP V N V N . <eoc> we 're cheaper like the diesel system when the diesel cost five percent per year .
1980PRP V N . <eoc> and then we started to negotiate with the insulengar .
1981V . <eoc> what had to be done ?
1982N V N , N V N . <eoc> i have to do with investors , i 've looked new one-and-a-half ft .
1983PRP V N V N . <eoc> we were only five people at the time to rebuild the society .
1984V N . <eoc> and here 's the representation of this .
1985N V N V PRP N . <eoc> the bride is sort of the conventional system that is green our system .
1986PRP N V N , V PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> our system also has a toll has increased , because we 're going to make 20 percent of this , and also a price increase in the other things that don 't .
1987N , V N , V , PRP V . <eoc> and the power-uitous value , which is the electric supply company on the island , which is , we find great .
1988PRP V , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we want to support , but we don 't believe you can solve the technical problem .
1989, PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and therefore , we decided to build a hall in berlin where we can actually form the electric location of the island of scale to three very much .
1990V PRP V N . <eoc> that means we 've been looking for finding the largest battery in the world .
1991PRP V . <eoc> here she is .
1992PRP V N , N . <eoc> it comes from asia from asia , in the case of japan .
1993N , PRP V N , N , V , V N . <eoc> and funny of the time , it 's in the seventh of the 1970s , the bbc of the bbc today , who has been developed , and then revitated to the japanese .
1994PRP V , PRP V , N . <eoc> you can see , it 's a very , very large battery .
1995PRP V N V N V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> it has a megawatt achievement and can take six hours to get this performance , and that 's the battery that we 've got in a while making simulates .
1996PRP V . <eoc> and then they set up .
1997PRP V N , PRP V N , V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> we also have one of these diesel aggression in the same size , as he says in the hall , to actually get the full dynamic behavior of this web , so here 's the whole fornels that we simulate the net .
1998, PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> over here , we simulate the whole transfer of transit system , the one-mile physics of wires , to create the vibrational behavior in the web .
1999PRP V N . <eoc> and here you can see this whole thing .
2000PRP V N . <eoc> we can also switch two hundred kilowatvoltaics on the net .
2001PRP V , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> so here we see this again , we see this again , again , that 's all the one and the half .
2002PRP V , N V N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> and what we 've done is , since a thousand nine was the end of this , until today , two thousand 12 , what we 've done is between the individual system in electronics to software , we made .
2003PRP V N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> so we 're not a battery manufacturer , but we define ourselves as a company that 's just between the theme of the grid and everything in between .
2004PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> you have to communicate to the battery , of course you have to communicate to the grid , and it 's very complicated .
2005N V N PRP V N V N PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the beautiful thing is the theme that you 're essentially in this island today all of the way that we can get into problems that we 're going to get when we want to increase in renewables .
2006N , V N , N V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so this whole discussion , how is going to go back in the moment and forth , energy change how to go , on the island that we have the wind , so we 're eating the wind and the sun .
2007N V N . <eoc> natural light offers a smart grid .
2008N , N . <eoc> so smart grid , a giant hema everywhere .
2009PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we can start to integrate on the island of using electrmobility as well , you can get the burden around .
2010V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> that means , if you 're at 70 percent renewable , you 're not going to do that without memory .
2011PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you can get through the n smart grid , you can get through building networks , yes , you should be able to do the percentage , but you 're never going to get rid of memory .
2012V N . <eoc> and that 's the message .
2013V N V , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> so there are many people and look at this , because you can see what problems you get .
2014PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> if we turn that down the plant , you just don 't have this spinning mass that causes some kind of inertia on the web .
2015PRP N V N , N V N . <eoc> and our european composite web is basically just a noisy array of big power plants , where the wave are all around the entire europe .
2016PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> we look in this web , you see the 50 hertz , and if it 's going to be nine hertz of a nine hertz , we 're going to get a little bit of windmills , again , again , we get up again .
2017V N . <eoc> that 's the system .
2018N , N V . <eoc> and of course , that 's incredibly limited .
2019PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> if you tear it down somewhere , it takes for a while .
2020N V N V N . <eoc> the spider anering has at least 10 seconds to keep the net stable .
2021N , PRP V N . <eoc> and in time , they can respond to others .
2022PRP V N , N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> if you don 't have that anymore , that web mass , you have to replace it with consumer electronics and microchemistry .
2023PRP V N . <eoc> and we can actually switch on this big battery two milliseconds in a millimeter .
2024PRP V , V N . <eoc> and you can see , what enormous range possibilities are there .
2025N V , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , N , N , N , PRP V . <eoc> and the message is , we have to get rid of these raw mass , if we 're sort of our goals , 20 , 20 percent , 20 percent , 30 percent , 30 percent and so on , if we want to do that at all .
2026PRP V PRP N . <eoc> then we have to break our must-load capacity on the net .
2027N V N V N . <eoc> muster run is simply called the power plant is to keep the frequency .
2028, V N , V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> yes , this is a giant airline shop moment , building the coal power plant , because we don 't do anything else , or gabins because it 's not .
2029PRP V PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> and we just try to realize that you can break the capacity to break down the capacity , which can break down the net .
2030, V N . <eoc> and fortunately , there 's also a whole lot of studies .
2031N , N V PRP N , PRP N . <eoc> and for that purpose , people always come and look at our experimenter , sort of our insula .
2032, N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and yes , the discussion is always about the question , how far you can take a piece of far future .
2033N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and many discussions that i had in the last six years , were similar to the discussion that i had in the last 30 years for the pv. photovoltaics .
2034PRP V , V N , N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> you know , not , is the fine , child play stuff , we 've never tagged anything , you know .
2035PRP V N . <eoc> we have 30 gigawatt photovoltaics in germany .
2036V . <eoc> that 's intentional .
2037N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and i just go out that we 're going to have the same capacity for electricity in the next 30 years to have the same capacity for electric chemical in the world .
2038PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it 's easy , it 's going to come .
2039V N . <eoc> there 's going to be a whole lot of consistency and arguments .
2040N V , N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> the beauty is , in the last two years now , that the scientists have seen themselves on my side .
2041PRP V N , V N . <eoc> we 've got about 10 million funding projects now , to actually give a 10-gallon megawatt battery now in the german grid .
2042V N . <eoc> this will happen in the next april .
2043, PRP V N V N , N , N V . <eoc> so , since then you also see that there 's a change that 's going to be there , and just from that decline , to the idea -- a hundred percent renewable right now .
2044PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you have a hundred percent renewable , it 's like a aurup' system .
2045, N V N , V N , V PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> now , in discussions , this is always trying to get these insulanterine , which is going to have a very small web , and it has to do with our suffering and nothing .
2046N V , PRP V N , V N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> the question is very simple , though , if they 're completely independent from anything that fossil or urping energy , which will be thrown out somewhere around the world , and then they 're an island .
2047PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> then you just use what 's going on the sun and wind is where you live .
2048V PRP N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and this is so a little bit of our vision of a sensitive energy supply and i 'm just grateful for them to say solar energy .
2049V PRP V , N , N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and that 's what we do , and in the way , the talk about premisia comet , that you can be more collective , and use solar energy here a little bit .
2050, V PRP , N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and yeah , i just want to encourage you , in the sense , you can be a little crazy , and you can have a vision .
2051PRP V , V PRP V . <eoc> and you have to really be pretty tough , but i think it 's going to go .
2052N . <eoc> thanks .
2053N , N V N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> as steve lopez , columnist is the los angeles times , one day through the streets at the center of los angeles , he heard a wonderful music .
2054PRP V N , N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> she came from a man , an african-american , threatening , harsh , homeless , who played on a violin , which had only two strings .
2055PRP V N , N V N , V N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> many of you will know the story , because from a steel article that was later a book , which was turned on to be a book , with robert lothin schizophrenia , and the most promising career in the face of his paranoid schizophrenia .
2056N V N , V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> nathaniel hail left juilliard , suffered a nerve breakdown , and 30 years later , he lived on the streets of ski row in the center of los angeles .
2057N V PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> i recommend you to read a team of reading and see the film , so they don 't just understand the wonderful connectedness that came out between these two men , but how the music helped get the nature to get the street .
2058N V N , N , N . <eoc> i met mr ays in 2008 , two years ago , disney disney .
2059PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> he had just heard a show of beethoven 's first and four-wakie singter and came out behind the stage to imagine myself .
2060PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> he talked in a very thorky and social ton of yoyo yo , and hillary clinton , and like the dodgers ever managed to create in the baseball world -- and all of the last sentence in the last sentence in the last sentence in the last sentence in the last sentence in the last sentence .
2061PRP V N , N V N V N V N PRP . <eoc> we came to talk about music , and a few days later i got an email saying that nathaniel woman was interested in strangers in me .
2062N V N V N , PRP V N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> i have to say that nathaniel has a medical treatment , because he was already treated with electric shocks and with rhex and handcuffed , a trauma , who has followed his whole life .
2063N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> as a consequence , he 's now very vulnerable to these schizophrenic phases , and sometimes it 's so bad and he disappears in the streets of skiing row always exposed to this horror and the following side of the own mind .
2064N , N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP N V . <eoc> and in fact , in the course of a lovely stage , he was nathaniel , when we started with the first class in the walt disney explorer started in his eyes and he had lost this crazy .
2065PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> he talked about invisible danish and smoke and how he wanted to poison in sleep .
2066N V , N , N V N V PRP V PRP N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i was afraid , not like , but i was afraid that i could lose him in one of his states and then i was going to destroy him in the violin and other exciting forms of didactic gingos and other exciting forms of didactic .
2067V . <eoc> so i just started playing .
2068N V N . <eoc> i played the first sentence of beethoven 's frustration .
2069N V , N V N V N . <eoc> and while i was playing , i noticed that in nature hanisis eyes made a complete change .
2070PRP V PRP V N , N PRP N V . <eoc> it was like he stood under the impact of an invisible drug , a chemical reaction that was my game .
2071N V N , N . <eoc> naththa 's maniwy anger turned into grasp , in a calm curiosity and courage .
2072N , PRP V PRP N , V N , V PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> and like a miracle , he took his violin , and started to play a few cuts from violinist concerts , and asked me to play the end : meddalsso , ticki , sixius .
2073PRP V N , V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and then we started talking about music , starting from bach on beethoven , brahm , brustiner and all the other clubs , from bartok , to esa pear salons .
2074V PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and i realized that he was not just given a encyclopedia knowledge about music , but it was with her very much personal relationship .
2075PRP V PRP N , N V PRP N . <eoc> he talked about her with a passion , and an understanding that i would only know from my colleagues in the philharmonic from los angeles .
2076V N , N , V N V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> by playing music , and i talked about music , from this paranoid , confused man who had gone through the streets of los angeles , a wind-looking musician , a rather educated , labeled , in juilliard siter .
2077N V N . N V PRP . <eoc> music is medicine . music changes us .
2078N V N . <eoc> for nathaniel is music means seelious health .
2079N V PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> because the music allows him to make his thoughts and delusions with his imagination and creativity in something real .
2080V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and this is how he scamping his agonizing states .
2081N V N V . <eoc> i understood that this is exactly what the art of art is .
2082V N PRP V N PRP V N PRP N , PRP N , PRP N , PRP N . <eoc> that 's exactly why we do music : so we can do something that is inside all of us , deep inside , our feelings , through our artistic lens through our creativity .
2083N V PRP , V , V PRP . <eoc> and the reality of that term that expression is all of us , and moving , inspired us .
2084N V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> what nathaniel redid was , he brought him back into a community of friends .
2085N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> the power of music brought him back into a family of musicians who understood his talent and picked him off .
2086V N , N , N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and i 'm going to always come back with nathaniel music , whether in the walt disney , or in ski row , because he reminds me of why i was a musician .
2087N . <eoc> thanks .
2088N , N PRP . V PRP . <eoc> bruno giussani , thank you very much . thank you .
2089N . <eoc> robert gupta .
2090N V N V N . <eoc> robert gupta : i want to play something that i 've been missing out of pit lists .
2091N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> i hope you 're excuse me .
2092N V PRP N . <eoc> so i did a lot of fish in my life .
2093N V . <eoc> i just loved two .
2094N V N . <eoc> this first one was more like a passionate monkey .
2095PRP V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> it was a beautiful fish , benevolzing , good consistency , walking , a bestseller map .
2096N . <eoc> what a fish .
2097, PRP V N V N . <eoc> even better , he was raised in aquapculture to the highest standards of sustainability .
2098PRP V PRP . <eoc> so you could feel like to sell him .
2099N V N . <eoc> i had a relationship with this beauty over several months .
2100N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> one day , the head of the company called the company and i asked if i was able to do a conference about the sustainability of the farm .
2101N , N V . <eoc> " of course , " i said .
2102V N V N PRP N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> here was a company that tried to solve what this unthinkable problem for our cooks has become our cooks is how to keep us fish on our menu ?
2103N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> in the last 50 years , we 've made the oceans as we did forests .
2104PRP V N . <eoc> it 's hard to overgrade the destruction .
2105N PRP V , N , N , N , PRP V . <eoc> 90 percent of the big fish that we love , the tuna , the healing bug , the lait , swordfish , they 've broken .
2106V N V . <eoc> there 's almost nothing left .
2107V N , N , N PRP N . <eoc> so perhaps or lousy culture , fishing , part of our future .
2108N . N V N , PRP V , PRP V N . N . <eoc> a lot of arguments about this . fishing pollute the environment , most of you anyway , and they are inefficient , take tuna . a big disadvantage .
2109PRP V N . <eoc> he has a food score 15 to one .
2110V N V PRP V N . <eoc> that means 15 pounds of wild fish so that you get a pound tuna .
2111. <eoc> not very sustainable .
2112V N . <eoc> does not taste very good .
2113V N V PRP . <eoc> so here 's finally a company trying to do it right .
2114V PRP . <eoc> i wanted to dedicate them .
2115N , N V N . <eoc> on the day before the day , i called the head of public public work for the company .
2116V PRP V PRP . <eoc> let me call him .
2117N , N V , N V N , PRP V N V N . N <eoc> " don , " don 't say , " only to have the facts right , you 're famous for being so far out in the sea that doesn 't contaminate the environment . "
2118N V , PRP V . N PRP V N V PRP N , V . N <eoc> " that 's true , " he said . " we 're so far out that the waste of our fish is not concentrated , not focused . "
2119PRP V , N PRP V N . <eoc> and then he added up , " we 're basically a world .
2120N , PRP V . <eoc> these foraging benefits from 2,5 to one , " he said .
2121V N . N <eoc> " the best in the industry . "
2122N , . <eoc> 2,five to one , great .
2123N . V PRP V . N <eoc> " 2,five to one thing ? what does it feed ? "
2124N , N PRP V . <eoc> " sustainable proteins , " he said .
2125N , N V . V . <eoc> " great , " i said . put on .
2126N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> and at that night , i was in bed and i thought : what the hell is a sustainable protein ?
2127V N , N , N . <eoc> so i called the next day , shortly before the session , don 't .
2128N V , N , V N . N <eoc> i said , " don , what are sustainable proteins for example ? "
2129PRP V , PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> he said , he didn 't know that . he 's going to ask questions .
2130, N V N , N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> now , i telephone with a couple of people in the company , no one could give me a decent answer , until i finally started with the troubled biologists .
2131V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> let me tell him a lot .
2132N , N V , V N . N <eoc> " don , " i said , " what are sustainable proteins for example ? "
2133, PRP V N , PRP V , N . <eoc> well , he mentioned some algae and some of the fish lagle , and then he said , chicken pot box .
2134N V , N V N . N <eoc> i said , " chicken cuttlets ? "
2135PRP V , N , N , N , N , N , V N . N <eoc> he said , " yes , feathers , skin , bone flour , break , dry and feed . "
2136N V , N V N . N <eoc> i said , " how much percent of congress is chicken ? "
2137N . <eoc> in the assumption of maybe two percent .
2138N , V N , PRP V . <eoc> " well , that 's about 30 percent , " he said .
2139N V , N , V N . N <eoc> i said , " don , what 's sustainable about saving chicken ? "
2140V N , PRP V , V N . N <eoc> there was a long break in the line , and he said , " there 's just too much chicken in the world . "
2141N V N . <eoc> i loved this fish .
2142, N V N . <eoc> no , not because i 'm an autonomous genius and ordinary person .
2143V PRP . <eoc> that 's me even .
2144, V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> no , i 've actually fallen out of this fish because i swear to god , the fish has swoned fish after this conversation .
2145N , V N . <eoc> this second fish , that 's another kind of love story .
2146PRP V N , N PRP V PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's the romantic kind , the way you know that you know your fish , you know the fish the more .
2147N V PRP N . <eoc> i was eating him in a restaurant in southern spain .
2148N V N . <eoc> a happy journalist talked for a long time ago .
2149PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's made us a kind of heresy .
2150PRP V N , N . <eoc> he came to the table with a light , almost a white color .
2151N V PRP . <eoc> chef loved him .
2152N . <eoc> hold twice .
2153, PRP V . <eoc> astonishingly , he was still delicious .
2154V N PRP V . <eoc> who can taste a fish so good after he was going to cook ?
2155N V PRP , N V PRP . <eoc> i can 't do it , but this guy can do it .
2156PRP V PRP N . PRP V N . <eoc> we call it miguel . it 's actually called miguel .
2157, PRP V N , PRP V N . N PRP V . <eoc> and no , he doesn 't cook the fish , and he 's not a chef . at least in the way that you and i understand .
2158PRP V N . <eoc> he 's a biologist at vta la palma .
2159V N . <eoc> this is a fish in the southern western corner of spider .
2160PRP V N . <eoc> it 's near the tailings of the river guadanvir .
2161, N V N . <eoc> until the 1980s , the farm was in the hands of argentine .
2162PRP V N V N . <eoc> they raised meat turns out what were essentially wetlands .
2163PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> they did it by using the land .
2164PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they built this complicated episode of channels , and they ordered water from the land and beyond the river .
2165, PRP V N V , N . <eoc> well , they couldn 't make that that was done , not economically .
2166V N . <eoc> and that 's ecologically a disaster .
2167PRP V N V N . <eoc> it brought about 90 percent of the birds that are many birds .
2168, N V N . <eoc> and so , in 1982 , a spanish company has bought the country .
2169V PRP V . <eoc> what did they do ?
2170PRP V N . <eoc> they have inverted the flow of water .
2171PRP V N . <eoc> they literally put the lever .
2172V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> instead of breaking water out , they used the channels to pull the water back .
2173PRP V N . <eoc> they were tailoring channels .
2174PRP V N , N , N , N V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> they created a 11,000 acres of fish -- barrically , mermaid , shrimp , aal -- and there are miguel and his company , the environmental destruction has completely inverted .
2175N V . <eoc> the farm is incredible .
2176V , PRP V N . <eoc> i mean , you 've never seen anything like this .
2177PRP V N , V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> they stare out on the horizon , which is a million miles away , and everything they 're seeing are fluflushed channels and this density , lush march .
2178N V N . <eoc> i was not a long time with miguel .
2179PRP V N , N V N . N <eoc> he 's an incredible guy , three parts of charles darwin and a part " a crocodile for the kiss . "
2180N . PRP V PRP V N , N V N PRP N , N V N . <eoc> okay ? we were and fighting ourselves through the wetlands and i sit , and i fell down to my knees , and miguel is keeping a biology lecture .
2181V N V N . <eoc> this is a rare rail line up there .
2182PRP V N . <eoc> now he mentioned the mineral needs of phytoplankton .
2183, PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and here , here he sees a pattern of bundle that reminds him of the tanzanian giraffe .
2184PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> it turns out that miguel has spent the largest part of his career in mikumi park in africa .
2185N V PRP V N . <eoc> i asked him how he became so a fish experts .
2186PRP V , N . N V N . <eoc> he said , " fish ? i don 't know anything about fish .
2187N V N . N <eoc> i 'm an expert on relationships . "
2188PRP V N , N . <eoc> and then he goes and fall over in more central birds and algae , strange water plants .
2189V PRP , V , PRP V , N , N . <eoc> and don 't get me wrong , that was really fascinating , you know , the biotic community , unattached that way .
2190PRP V , N V N . <eoc> it 's great , but i was in love .
2191PRP N V N V N . <eoc> and my head became weak about this kind of bed-ploping fish that i had at night .
2192V PRP . N V , N , V PRP N V . N <eoc> so i interrupted it . i said , " miguel , how is it that your fish tastes so good ? "
2193PRP V N . <eoc> he showed up the algae .
2194N V , N , N , N , V . <eoc> " i know , boy , the algae , the phytoplankton , the relationships that is incredible .
2195V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but what do you eat your fish ?
2196N . N <eoc> how about the food score ? "
2197, PRP V PRP V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> now , he goes on to tell me that it 's such a rich system that the fish eat what they would eat in the wild .
2198N , N , N , V N . <eoc> the vegetable biomass , the phytoplankton , the vertical plankton , which is what the fish feed .
2199N V , PRP V . <eoc> the system is so healthy , it 's completely self-ambiguous .
2200V N . <eoc> there 's no food .
2201N V PRP N . <eoc> je of a farm that doesn 't feed your animals ?
2202N V N , N V PRP , N V , V N V , V PRP V . N <eoc> and later i was driving on this site with miguel , and i asked him , i said , " for a place that seems to be like , " how does you measure success ? "
2203N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the moment , it was like a film director would have a stage stage .
2204PRP N V N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> and we bow around the corner , and we had the most incredible sight , thousands and thousands of still-mineros , a literally pink carpet as far as the eye .
2205N , PRP V . <eoc> " that 's success , " he said .
2206N PRP N , N . <eoc> " look at your wing , pink .
2207N PRP . V <eoc> don 't you . "
2208N . N V . <eoc> sar ? i was totally confused .
2209N V , N , V PRP N . N <eoc> i said , " miguel , don 't you like your fish ? "
2210N , PRP V . <eoc> " yes , " he said .
2211N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> " we lose 20 percent of our fish and fips to the birds .
2212, N , N V N , N . <eoc> now , last year , on this site was 600,000 birds , more than 250 different species .
2213PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's now the largest and one of the most important private species of private reserves , in all europe .
2214N V , N , V N V N PRP V N . N <eoc> i said , " miguel , is a good likelihood of bird 's not the last thing you want to have on a fish ? "
2215PRP V PRP N , . <eoc> he pulled his head , no .
2216PRP V , N PRP V . N . <eoc> he said , " we build excellent . not intensive .
2217V N . <eoc> this is an ecologist that 's an ecologist network .
2218N V N . <eoc> the blowbees eat the shrimp .
2219N V N . <eoc> the shrimp eat the phytokton .
2220N V N . N <eoc> so the swelling the belly the better the system . "
2221N , V N V N V PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> okay , let 's rethink this : a farm that doesn 't feed your animals and a farm that is about your success in the health of the predator .
2222V N , N . <eoc> there is a fish , but also a bird reserve .
2223N , N V N . <eoc> oh , and by the way , these flackers are not even supposed to be there in the way .
2224PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> they breed in a city 240 kilometers away , where the soil quality is better for the nest maintenance .
2225N , PRP V N . <eoc> every morning , they fly 240 kilometers to the farm .
2226N , PRP V N . <eoc> and every night , they fly 240 kilometers .
2227PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> they do that because they can follow the smell white line of the land street .
2228. <eoc> seriously .
2229N V N , V N . <eoc> i had introduced a way of the penguins , so i looked at miguel .
2230N V , N , V PRP N , V PRP V N . <eoc> i said , " miguel , are you going to fly 240 miles to the farm , and then fly it 40 miles back at night ?
2231V PRP V N . N <eoc> do you do that for the children ? "
2232PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> he looked at me as if i was quoted a song of whitney houston .
2233PRP V , N . PRP V N V . N <eoc> he said , " no . you 're doing this because the food is better . "
2234N V N PRP N , V , V N . V PRP . V PRP . <eoc> i didn 't mention the skin of my loved fish , who was delicious , and i don 't like a fish skin . i don 't like it . i don 't like it .
2235PRP V N , V N . <eoc> it 's the beige , guided taste .
2236N V . <eoc> i almost never cook .
2237, N V PRP N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and yet , when i tried it in the south spain , it didn 't take a lot to fish .
2238PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> she tasted sweet , and it was like to take a pair of the ocean .
2239N V N , PRP V . <eoc> i mentioned that with miguel , and he stunned .
2240PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> he said , " the skin looks like a sponge .
2241PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's the last defeat before something comes into the body .
2242PRP V N V N . N <eoc> it has evolved throughout evolution to suck in undressing things . "
2243PRP V , N PRP N V N . N <eoc> and then he added up , " but our water doesn 't have any disin-all . "
2244N . N V PRP N . N PRP N . <eoc> okay . a farm that doesn 't feed your fish . a farm that is our success measure of the threat of the pizza .
2245V PRP V , N V N , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and then i realized when he says , a farm that doesn 't have any unimmersed , it 's going to have massive , because the water that flows through this farm comes from the river guadanvir .
2246PRP V N V N V N V PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> it 's a river that leads all the things that are going to do with the rivers that they have to lead , chemical pollutants , decroaring off of pests .
2247PRP V N , V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and when it fought through the system , and this leaves is the water cleaner than it comes from .
2248N V , PRP V N . <eoc> the system is so healthy , it ruins the water .
2249N V PRP N , N V PRP N , N V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> so not only a farm that doesn 't feed your animals , not just a farm that is going to be successful on the health of your predators , but a farm that is literally a water framework , not just for you and me .
2250N V , PRP V N . <eoc> because when the water flows out , it goes down in the atlantic .
2251N , N V , V PRP , PRP V , N , N , V . <eoc> a drop in the ocean , i know , but i 'm going to take it , and you should do that , because this love story , as romantic always , is also an educator .
2252PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you could say that you 're a recipe for the future of good food , whether we speak from barefoot or meat taking .
2253PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> what we need now is a radically new concept of agriculture , from one , in the food , actually taste good .
2254N , V N . <eoc> but for many people , that 's a little bit radical .
2255PRP V N , PRP V PRP . PRP V N . <eoc> we are not dealists , we adore it . we 're lover .
2256PRP V N . PRP V N . PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> we love for weeks . we love little families . we 're talking about regional food . we eat bio .
2257PRP V N V N V N V , N V N , V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and if you say that things are the future of good food is somebody somewhere standing up and says , " hey guys , i love pinkingos , but how are you going to feed the world ?
2258PRP V N . N <eoc> how will they feed the world ? "
2259V . <eoc> can i be honest ?
2260V N . <eoc> i don 't like that question .
2261, PRP V N V N . <eoc> no , not because we 're producing enough calories to feed the world more than only .
2262N V N . <eoc> a billion people will starve today .
2263N V N , N . <eoc> one billion -- that 's more than ever before -- because of the activity of inequality , not the overall production .
2264, V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> now , i don 't like that question because you have the logic of our food system over the last 50 years .
2265N V N , N , N , N , N V , V PRP V N , N V . N <eoc> feeding crops of plant heats , pest control of monopoly , chemicals on earth , chicken on fish , and all the time has been asked , " if we feed more people cheaper , how terrible could this be ? "
2266V N . PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> that was the movement . it was the legal operation . it was the business plan of american agriculture .
2267PRP V PRP V , N , N , V N V N . <eoc> we should call them what she is , a crime in denedings , a crime , which is fast environmental capital that allows that to produce this production .
2268V N , PRP V N . <eoc> this is not a crime , and it 's not agriculture .
2269PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> our grain chamber is threatened today , not based on the outputs .
2270V N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> not through the latest prach -- and development invention , but through fertility land , not through pumps , but through fresh water , not by chainsaw , but by forests , not through fishing boats and nets , but by fishing in the sea .
2271PRP V N . <eoc> you want to feed the world ?
2272V N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> let 's start with the question : how are we going to feed ourselves ?
2273, PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> or better , how can we create conditions that feed every community to feed themselves ?
2274V , V N . <eoc> to do that , don 't look at the agricultural model model for the future .
2275PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it 's really old , and it 's done .
2276N , N V PRP , PRP V N V N . <eoc> capital , chemistry and machines are at it , and it never has a really good thing to eat .
2277V N V N . <eoc> let 's look at the ecological model instead .
2278V N . <eoc> this is what comes back to two billion years of labor .
2279N , N . <eoc> look at miguel , farmers like miguel .
2280N , V N , N , V N , N , N , N , V N , N . <eoc> bugs , not worlds , for attracting bugs , to produce , rather than to do , have bugs , the excellence , rather than only high , farmers who are not only created , but experts for relationships .
2281PRP V N V N . <eoc> because they are the ones who are experts at taste .
2282V , PRP V N V . <eoc> and if i 'm really honest , you 're a better chef than i 'm ever going to be .
2283PRP V , V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> you know , that 's me because if this is the future of good food , it will be delicious .
2284N . <eoc> thanks .
2285N V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V , V N PRP V N V . <eoc> if i want to tell you a story today , it 's that the total of the data that we consume is bigger than the sum of the parts and instead of thinking about information , and we can see that the otherwise would not be visible .
2286, PRP V N V . <eoc> so , what we see here is a typical zoo of age organized .
2287N V N . <eoc> the program i use here is a little experiment .
2288PRP V N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's called pivas and what i can do with pirates is that i can filter after a certain death cause , we say accidents .
2289, V N V . <eoc> and instantly , i see another pattern that comes out .
2290N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> and that 's because in the middle area here , people are the active , and they are most of the most hidden .
2291PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> we can step out of step out and organize the data back , and you see that retreating cancer and cancer are the usual suspects , but not for everyone .
2292, PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N V . <eoc> now , if we go on and on age , we say 40 years or younger , we see that accidents are the main thing that people should worry about .
2293V N V N . <eoc> and what 's going on about research is that 's true in the men .
2294PRP V N V N . <eoc> so you can see that this is going to look at information and data in this way that is reminiscent of swimming in a living information graph .
2295PRP V N , N PRP . <eoc> and if we can do this for raw data , why not for content itself ?
2296PRP V N V N V . <eoc> so what we 've got here is the cover of every single " athletic illustration of what 's ever been printed .
2297PRP V . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's all here . it 's all online .
2298PRP V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> you 'd like to test it after my talk in your rooms .
2299N , PRP V N . <eoc> with pisa , you can be immersed in a decade .
2300PRP V N . <eoc> you can dive into a particular year .
2301PRP V N . <eoc> you can jump directly to a specific issue .
2302V , V N V N . <eoc> so if i look here , i see the athletes that appear in this issue and the sports species .
2303N V N , V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i 'm a straight armstrong fan , so i click this where i have all expenses for me to do in the lance armstrong .
2304, N V N , N V , N , V N . N <eoc> now , if i just want to get a scale , i could think , " ok , what if i look at everything with the theme bike ? "
2305V N V N . <eoc> so i 'll step back and make a step back .
2306V N . <eoc> now i see greg leopmond .
2307PRP V N PRP V N , N , N , V , PRP V N . <eoc> and so you get an idea that if you 're looking at this kind of information , targeted , wider , pure , zoom out , you don 't search or even flex .
2308PRP V N V . <eoc> you do something that 's actually a little different .
2309PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's something between , and we think it changes the way of information .
2310N V N V N . <eoc> i want to do this idea a little bit more about what 's a little bit crazy .
2311PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> what we 've done here is , we took every single wiki page , and it reduced to a little summary .
2312N V N , N PRP V . <eoc> the summary contains a brief overview , and a symbol for the area that it comes from .
2313N V N . <eoc> i 'll just show the top 500 of the popular headlines .
2314N , PRP V N . <eoc> but even in this limited view , we can do a lot of things .
2315, PRP V N V N . <eoc> immediately , we get a sense of the issues that are more popular on wikipedia .
2316N V N . <eoc> i 'm going to choose the issue by government .
2317, N V N , N V N V N V N . N <eoc> now , after i chose government ' government , i know that the wiki categories that are most exciting about the time " people of the year . "
2318V N V N . <eoc> this is really important because this is a realization that 's not in a single wiki block .
2319PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just to realize if you look at a step , and it 's a step back .
2320V N , N V N , V N V . <eoc> looking at a particular one of these summaries , i can go into the theme of time magazine , " people of the year " come in and see all together .
2321V N , V N V N , N V N , N , V N . V N . <eoc> now if i look at all these people , i realize that the majority of the government is government , some come from science -- some , less , come from the economy . here 's the boss , and one comes from the music area .
2322, N V N . <eoc> and interestingly , bono , is a ted prize winner .
2323PRP V N . <eoc> so we can jump and look at all the ted prize winners .
2324PRP V , PRP V N PRP V N , N , . <eoc> you see , we 're surfing on the web as if it 's actually a grid , not just by page , but much more abstract .
2325V PRP V N . <eoc> and so i want to show you what 's a little surprise .
2326N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm just showing you the new york times website .
2327N , N V PRP N PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> pianist , this application -- i don 't want to call it a browser ; it 's not a browser , but you can look at websites -- and we bring this zoom in to every single website like this .
2328, N V N , V N . <eoc> so , i can go back to step back , and jump directly to a specific contrapment .
2329V PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> that 's why it 's important because you 're just looking at the web of websites in this way , and look at the whole internet trend in the same way .
2330, N V PRP N . <eoc> so , i can zoom in in my lab in a special time frame .
2331V N V N . <eoc> here 's the one of the entire demonstration that i 've been given to this way .
2332N V N V N . <eoc> and i can sort of have looked at everything i 've looked at today .
2333N V N , N V PRP N , V N , V N . <eoc> and when i take a step out and look at everything , i can reorganize my experience , i 'm looking for live laboratories , and i 've been looking for walking or go to live label .
2334, V N , PRP V . <eoc> and from here , i can go into the site , and you 're going to call back .
2335PRP V N V , N V N . <eoc> it 's a metaphor that 's always used again , and every time that makes the wider picture than the sum of the scales .
2336N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the moment , in this world , we think that data is a curse .
2337PRP V N . <eoc> we 're talking about the air of excess information .
2338PRP V N . <eoc> we talk about drowning in information .
2339PRP V N V N PRP N , PRP V N , V N V N V . <eoc> what if we could reverse this situation and put the internet on your head , so that we 're instead of going to go from one to the other , i start to go from many things to many things to see patterns that would be otherwise hidden ?
2340PRP V , PRP V N , N . <eoc> if we can do this , then you get this past data trap , maybe a new source of information .
2341, V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and instead , instead of moving into information , we can know it .
2342PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if we know know , we might even prevent wisdom from that .
2343V PRP , V PRP . <eoc> so i 'm going to hear it , thank you very much .
2344N V N , N . <eoc> i grew up with a family corporation , science fiction .
2345PRP N , N V N , N . <eoc> in my school , i was riding the bus to school every day , an hour per line .
2346PRP N V N , N V PRP N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> and my nose always had a book in a book , a scientific book that took my thoughts in other worlds , and i was talking about my nose in a very common curiosity .
2347N V N V N V N , N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> and this curiosity also showed that i always was when i was not in school through the forests , walked and " samples " , " and , frogs and snakes and bugs , and looked at home and looked under the microscope .
2348N V N , PRP V . <eoc> i was totally science excited , you know .
2349PRP V N V N . <eoc> it was always about trying to understand the world and the limits of the possible .
2350PRP N V PRP N , N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and my love to science fiction seemed to reflect in my environment , because at the time ' 60s , we went to the moon , we were exploring the deep sea .
2351N V PRP N V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> jacques cousteau came in our living room with his fascinating shows that animals and places and a world full of miracles that we never imagined before .
2352PRP V N . <eoc> and then it 's really considered to be the science level of science .
2353N V N . <eoc> and i was an artist .
2354N V . N V . <eoc> i could draw . i could paint .
2355V N V N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> and there 's no video game that overbreathes with computer international movies still gave the whole picture of the media in the media environment , i had to create the images in my head .
2356PRP V N . PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> we had to do that at the time . when we read a book , we took the description of the car , and they put them on the screen in our heads .
2357PRP N V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> my reaction was the drawing and paint from aliens , aliens worlds , robots , spacecraft , space ships and all this stuff .
2358N , N V N , N , V N , N . <eoc> in math class , i was always struck by the teacher , as i was hidden , back to the book , heruchill .
2359N V . <eoc> the creativity had to be somehow out .
2360V N V . V PRP V N , N V PRP N PRP . <eoc> and what happened was something interesting happened . so what was fascinated to me was fascinated by jacques coustech , the idea of a completely unknown world here on our earth itself .
2361N V N V N . V PRP . <eoc> i certainly would never get an alien world with a spaceship . that seemed pretty unlikely to me .
2362V N V , N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> but here was a world that i could actually enter into , here on earth , and she was so fascinating and exotic like all of the things i 've always thought when i read these books .
2363V N V . <eoc> so i decided when i was 15 to get diver .
2364N V N V N , N . <eoc> the only problem was that i lived in a small village in canada , 1,000 kilometers from the next ocean .
2365N V N V . <eoc> i didn 't let i notice .
2366N V PRP N , PRP V N , N , N , N PRP V . <eoc> i warn my father , until he finally had a dive in buffalo in buffalo , new york , in the other side of the border , where we lived .
2367N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i made my breath in a pool of the ymica in the middle of buffalo in buffalo , new york .
2368N , N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> but the ocean , a real ocean , i got to face two years later when we moved to california .
2369, N , V , V N , N PRP . <eoc> since then , in the 40 years now , i 've spent about 3,000 hours under water , 500 hours of diving , in submersibles .
2370N V N , N , V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and i learned that the world of the deep sea , even in the shallow oceans , so rich of fascinating life is , how we really can 't imagine it .
2371N V N , PRP N , N . <eoc> nature doesn 't know boundaries , but unlike our own , absolute human imagination .
2372N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> and for today , i feel profound awe for what i see on my dive .
2373PRP N , N . <eoc> and my love with the ocean , with the same intensity as silence .
2374N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> when i chose a profession , it was to make the filmmaking .
2375V N , PRP N , V N , V N , V . <eoc> that seemed the best way , my inner urge , to tell stories , to create images , to unite .
2376N , N V N . <eoc> as a kid , i drew comic books all the time and so .
2377, N V N , N V . <eoc> so , the movies of the way to put images and stories together , that fit together .
2378N , N V N V N , N , N . N <eoc> of course , the stories i chose to choose from the science of the science : " terminator , " " aliens , " and " abyss . "
2379N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> in " abyss , " i could put my best for the underwater world and diving diving with the filmmaking .
2380, PRP N V . <eoc> so naturally , my two passions are .
2381N V N V N PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> something interesting happened at " abyss " : to solve a narrative in this film -- and we had to create a kind of liquid water creature -- we picked up on computer electric animation , cg , back , back .
2382V N V N . <eoc> what came out of this was the first computer generated software figure that was ever in a movie .
2383N V N , N V PRP N , V N V N V N V . <eoc> the film didn 't bring money , which was actually played his production costs , but i noticed something fascinating : the audience all over the world was like hyppert made from the magic coming out of that .
2384V N , PRP V N . <eoc> according to arthur clark 's law , you know about advanced technology and magic not anymore .
2385PRP V N . <eoc> so they saw something magical .
2386V N V . <eoc> and that 's what i thought was incredibly exciting .
2387V , N , PRP V N . N <eoc> and i thought , " wow , it really has to be involved in film art . "
2388PRP V N , PRP N , . <eoc> so we went into " terminator 2 , " my next film , much further .
2389N , PRP V N , N V N V . <eoc> together with a daily , we created the guy out of liquid metal , and the success depended on exactly how this effect would come .
2390PRP V . PRP V N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and it worked . again we had created something magical , and the effect in the audience was the same , but we 've already entered a little bit more money .
2391N , V N , N . <eoc> from these two experiences , a whole new world was achieved , a whole new world of creativity for film creativity .
2392V N , PRP N , V N . PRP V N . N <eoc> so i started a company , with my good friend stan winston , who was the best make-update and crew designer . she was called " digital dodo . "
2393N V N V N V N . <eoc> and the idea of this company was that the phase of analog processes with visual printing processes and start looking at digital productions .
2394PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and then we did that , and we managed to have a competitive advantage for a long time .
2395N , PRP V PRP V N PRP V N V . <eoc> but in the middle of the 1990s , we found that we were in the crew and charac-design design -- which we actually started in the company -- too slowly came .
2396N V N V N , N V N , N V . N V . <eoc> i had written this piece called avatar , which is the measuring stick of visual effects and computer more sophisticated effects in all new heights , with realistic characters should be all of the . and the world should be cg .
2397N V , N PRP N V PRP V N V . <eoc> but the measuring stick was very nicely , and the people in my company said that we haven 't been able to do that .
2398V N V . <eoc> so if i did this and i made this other movie about the big ship that undergoes .
2399N V N V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> the movie studio i sold this as " romeo and juliet on a ship , " it became a love film epic , a passionate movie .
2400, V N . <eoc> but actually , i wanted to dive into the real track of the titanic .
2401V N V N . <eoc> that 's what i did a film .
2402V N . N V . <eoc> that 's the truth . the studio didn 't know .
2403N V PRP , V , N PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> i have convinced her , by saying , " we go to the wrack . we make the real writ .
2404PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we 're going to show it in the opening field of film .
2405V . PRP V N . N <eoc> that 's tremendously important . it 's a good hanging out of marketing . "
2406V PRP V N . <eoc> and i spoke to them to fund an expedition .
2407N V . PRP V N V N . <eoc> sounds crazy . but it goes back to that the ability to create a reality .
2408PRP V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> we actually created a reality six months later in which i found myself in a russian submersible , four miles under the surface of the north atlantic , and i looked at the real titanic through a paper .
2409PRP V N , N , V . <eoc> it wasn 't a movie , no t , that was real .
2410, V PRP N . <eoc> so , that blew my mind .
2411N V . PRP V N . <eoc> and the preparation of this was enormous . we had to build cameras and lights and all sorts of things .
2412N V , N , N . <eoc> and i fell in like this , like very , very deep-setowing , a global smoking accord .
2413, PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> well , they were also high-tech , and they were allowed extensive planning .
2414PRP V N , PRP V N , N , V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> you go up into this capsule , then you 're floating in these dark , hostile environment , where no hope is going to save if you don 't make it back .
2415V , N , V N . <eoc> and i thought , " wow , that 's just as if i was in a science movie .
2416PRP V . N <eoc> it 's pretty cool . "
2417N V N . <eoc> i was just obsessed with the study of the deep sea .
2418N V N . PRP V N . PRP V N , PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> anyway from the part that i had to do with curiosity and science . it was all . it was adventure . it was curiosity , it was curiosity . that was imagination .
2419PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> and it was a experience that i couldn 't give me .
2420, PRP V , N V N PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> because , you know , i could imagine a creature that we could then design a visual effect , but i couldn 't imagine what i was going to see outside the window .
2421N V N , N V N , N V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> in some of the emerging expeditions i 've seen , and sometimes things that i 've never seen before , sometimes things that haven 't seen before and for the science at the time when we saw them not even seen words at all .
2422V PRP , V . <eoc> so that blew me right , and i wanted to get more .
2423V N . <eoc> and so i met an unusual decision of that .
2424N , N V , N , N V PRP N V N V N . N <eoc> after the success of " titanic , " i said , " okay , i want to put my main job as a filmmaker and i 'm going to put in hollywood on ice and i 'm going to be full-time researcher . "
2425PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and then we started , we showed up to the bicast , and they studied robots with robots .
2426PRP V N . <eoc> we went back to the whack of the titanic .
2427PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we took little robots that we built that would put a fiberglass tower .
2428PRP N V N V N V . <eoc> our intent was to dive in and diving the inside of the ship that never had been done before .
2429N V N . PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> nobody had ever explored the inside of the wriston . you didn 't have any tools for that , so we developed the technology .
2430, V N , N , N , V N V N V . <eoc> well , i 'm sitting here on the edge of the titanic , in a dive boat , and i see , which is quite similar to these pressures and i know that once the band has played there .
2431V N . <eoc> and i fly with a little robot experience through the series of the ship .
2432N V PRP , PRP N V N . <eoc> i 'm actually doing it , but my consciousness is within the vehicle .
2433PRP V N V N . <eoc> it felt like i was physically in the shipping of titanic in the titanic .
2434V N V N , N V N , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> this was the surdest form of a déjicious vu , which i 've ever experienced before , because before i walked around a corner of a corner -- i 've always been able to see what was going on the movie of the tubes when we turned the movie .
2435, N V N . <eoc> so , the set was a very precise copy of the ship 's robot plans .
2436V N . <eoc> so this was a very strange experience .
2437PRP V PRP N PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> she was aware of me this telerepresentation experience that you can use such robotic avatar , and so your own consciousness in the vehicle can be embarrassed to this other form of existence .
2438PRP V . <eoc> it was really profound .
2439N , V N , PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> and perhaps a little bit of view of what might happen in a few decades , if you have cyborg body to explore something or other things , in all kinds of post-mercy development scenario , which i can imagine as a science thing .
2440N , PRP V PRP V N , N , PRP V N , V N , N . <eoc> after these expeditions , we started what we saw down the bottom , really appreciate , for example , these deep sea sources where we saw these incredibly amazing animals -- these are kind of alien , but here on earth .
2441PRP V N . <eoc> they live with chemosynature help .
2442PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> they don 't exist in one on sunlight based on how we do .
2443PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and so you can see animals that are right next to 500 degrees centigrade that they can survive there .
2444N , N V N , V N PRP N . <eoc> at the same time , i was also interested in space science , which was again the intellectual impact from my childhood .
2445V N V N V N , V N , V PRP N . <eoc> and so i ended up with the people who are interested in space and have to do with nasa and in nasa issues , sitting up to the international space station , and fly to the international space station and take our 3d camera systems .
2446V . <eoc> that was fascinating .
2447N , V N V N PRP N . <eoc> but at the end , i went out that i took space scientists with us in the deep sea .
2448N V PRP N V N , N , N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> i took them up to the world with the world to the world , astrbiologists , planetary scientists , people who could be interested in these extreme situations , and i was able to test and take samples and to test instruments and so on .
2449PRP V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> we made documentaries , we did science , actually , about space science .
2450N PRP N , N , N . <eoc> so the circle between my existence as the science of the science , then as a child , and the implementation in reality .
2451N , N V N . <eoc> in the process of this discovery of discovery , i learned a lot .
2452N V N , N V , N V N , N . <eoc> i 've learned a lot about science , but i 'm sure now , a director has to be able to lead a leader , like a shipping captain or something like this .
2453N V N V N . <eoc> i didn 't mind much of leadership before i joined these expeditions .
2454N , N V , V . <eoc> because at a certain point , i had to say , " what do i do here ?
2455V . V . N <eoc> why do i do that ? what 's going on ? "
2456N V PRP N . <eoc> these silly films don 't give us money .
2457PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> we 're just playing the production cost . it 's not a trace .
2458N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> everybody thinks i was between the titanic " and " avatar " and i would have fallen into a towel on a towel .
2459N V N , V N , N . <eoc> i have all these films , these documentary movies , for a very small audience .
2460N , N , N . V PRP V . <eoc> no fame , no credit , no money . what are you doing ?
2461PRP V PRP N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> you 're doing it for the sake of the challenge of the challenge , and the ocean is the most challenging environment that comes up with a small group of people to form a team .
2462PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> because we did all this with only 10 to 12 people who worked out for years , and sometimes we were two to three months behind each other .
2463N , PRP V N V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and in this community , you realize that the most important thing is the hard thing that you have in front of each other is because you have been solved a task that can 't explain anything else .
2464PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N , N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> if you go back to the country , and it says , " we had to do this is the fiberglass , the sound weavers and knowing something together and know that you can never explain anyone .
2465V N , N . <eoc> there 's a connection , a mutual respect .
2466N V PRP N , V N , PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> so when i came back to turn my next film " avatar , " i tried to use the same leadership , which you give it respects and respected yourself in the opposite support .
2467PRP V N . <eoc> it really changed the momentum .
2468V N , PRP V N , V N V . <eoc> so i stood up with a little team at unhistoric terrain , and we were called avatar , " with a new technology that hasn 't yet had yet .
2469. <eoc> incredibly exciting .
2470N . <eoc> an enormous challenge .
2471PRP V N . <eoc> and we became a natural family for a two-and-a-half-year and a real family .
2472PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> it changed my way to make films completely .
2473V N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> there were people who thought , we would have really been doing this ocean as well as well done on the planet to pandora .
2474PRP , PRP V N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> for me , it was more a kind of a kind of a kind of a way of doing my job , the actual process that has changed in the outcome .
2475PRP V . <eoc> so what can we do from all of that ?
2476V PRP V . <eoc> what do we learn from ?
2477N V N . <eoc> i think the first point is curiosity .
2478PRP V N . <eoc> it 's the most powerful human feature .
2479PRP N V N V N . <eoc> our imagination is a force that can actually create a reality .
2480N PRP N V N . <eoc> and the face of your team is more important than the explorers of this world .
2481PRP V N V , V PRP V PRP N V N . N <eoc> to me get young filmmakers who say , " let me give me a advice of how i can do something like this . "
2482N V , N V PRP . <eoc> and i say , " sum is not even one of them .
2483V N PRP . V PRP , V PRP , V PRP . V PRP . V <eoc> that gets some other for you . don 't you , don 't get yourself , don 't help yourself . " take risks on you . "
2484N V N , N V N . N <eoc> nasa has such a kind of favorites , " failure is no alternative . "
2485N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but in art and in exploration , failure needs to be an alternative , because it 's almost a trusted .
2486N V N V N . <eoc> no important endeavor that got innovation was ever understood without risk .
2487PRP V N . <eoc> you have to be willing to take these risks .
2488V N V PRP N . N V N . N PRP . <eoc> this is the idea that i 'd like to give you to the way . failure is an alternative . fear isn 't . thank you .
2489N V PRP N . <eoc> today i 'm going to talk to you about energy and climate .
2490V N PRP N V N V N PRP V , V N . <eoc> and this may be surprising because my full-time occupation of the foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds to make things that we have to invent , and provide the poorest two billion to make a better life .
2491N V N , N . <eoc> but energy and climate are extremely important for these people , even more important than any other on the planet .
2492N V PRP N V N , PRP V N . N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> climate failure means that their savages are not growing up for many years , and it 's too much or too little . the things will change how it can 't change their fragile environment .
2493V . PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> that leads to hunger . it leads to uncertainty . it leads to riots .
2494, N V PRP . <eoc> so , a climate change is terrible for you .
2495, N V PRP . <eoc> and also , the energy price is very important for you .
2496N V , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> the fact is that , if you could just reduce the price to reduce poverty reduction is energy at far in most effective .
2497, N V N . <eoc> now , the energy price is like over time .
2498N , N V N . <eoc> in fact , the ongoing society is based on energy advances .
2499N V N , N , V N , PRP V N , N , PRP V N V . <eoc> the friendship evolution was the industrial revolution , and even in the 20th century , there was a slow drop in the power , and that 's why we have refrigerators , climate services , we can make modern materials and do so many things .
2500PRP V N . <eoc> so we 're in a wonderful situation with power in the rich world .
2501PRP V N PRP V N PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> but if we reduce the price -- let 's cut the price down -- we meet a new barrier , and it 's linked to co2 .
2502N V N , N V . <eoc> co2 rises the planet , and the equation for co2 is actually quite clear .
2503PRP V N V N , N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> they squirt the same carbon dioxide that comes to the temperature increase , and the temperature increases a few very negative implications -- effects on the weather and maybe worse , that the natural ecosystems can 't adapt to the changes and all of these systems .
2504, N V N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> now , the exact relationship between a carbon increase , and this is going to change temperature change and where the other consequences are , there are some accidents , but not very many .
2505V N V . PRP V . <eoc> and there 's certainly imclarity of how bad these consequences are . but they will be extremely bad .
2506N V N , V PRP V . <eoc> i asked the top scientists , " do we really have to get down to zero ?
2507N V N . N <eoc> isn 't the half or a quarter ? "
2508N V , PRP V , N V . <eoc> the answer is , until we get close to zero , the temperature will continue to climb .
2509PRP V N . <eoc> so it 's a big challenge .
2510PRP V , PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's very different to say , we have a three-foot truck truck that has to be under a three foot bridge , and you can actually crush down underneath it .
2511V , N . <eoc> this has to go down , down to zero .
2512, PRP V N , N . <eoc> well , we 're hitting a lot of carbon dioxide every year , over 26 billion tons of carbon .
2513N , N , . <eoc> every americans , about 20 tons -- people from poor countries , less than one .
2514N , PRP V N . <eoc> on average , it 's about five tons for everyone on the planet .
2515N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and somehow we have to create changes that can reduce that at zero .
2516PRP V . <eoc> it 's been constantly up there .
2517N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> just different economic changes , and we have to go from rapid cutting down and cutting down to zero .
2518N V N . N , PRP V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> this equation has four factors . a little multiplying . they have this thing on the left -- co2 -- the average energy , the average energy for every service , and the co2 , which is an average energy for every human service and the co2 .
2519, V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> so , let 's look at each other one and think about how we get that on zero .
2520N V N . <eoc> probably one of these numbers have to come very close to zero .
2521V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> now this is the basic algebra , but we 'll go through it .
2522PRP V N . <eoc> first we have the population .
2523N V N . <eoc> today 6.8 billion people today .
2524PRP V . PRP V . <eoc> and it extends to nine billion . it goes to nine billion .
2525PRP V N , N , PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> if we 're very successful with new vaccines , the health care system , we could reduce that for 10 percent to 15 percent to 15 percent , but at the time , we see a slope by 1.3 .
2526N V N PRP V . <eoc> the second factor is the services we use .
2527PRP V N PRP V , N , N , N . <eoc> it includes everything that we eat , clothing , facebook , heat .
2528V N V N V N . <eoc> these are very good things and poverty reduction doesn 't mean to make these services anywhere on the planet .
2529PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's great that this number goes up .
2530N , PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> in the rich world , in the upper billion , we could make a stick figure and less use , but the average is going to increase every year and so far more than double , the number of services that are provided by the service .
2531PRP V N . V N PRP V N . <eoc> so here we see a very basic service . is there at home where you can read the homework ?
2532N V PRP , PRP V , V PRP N . <eoc> and these students don 't have it , so they go out and read their school , under the street .
2533, N , N , V N . <eoc> now , for efficiency , the animal , energy per service , there is now good news .
2534PRP V N V . <eoc> we have something that doesn 't go up .
2535N , N , N , V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> because of different successes in the light sector , through other walls in the city , through new methods of building , there are many services , their energy effort some individual services are reduced to 90 percent .
2536N , N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> in other service , like the manufacturing of fertilizers , 105 million : 05 : 56,000 -- and the air traffic , the game space is very , very much smaller .
2537, PRP V , PRP V N , N . <eoc> in total , if we 're optimistic , maybe we 're going to get a reduction in a factor of three or maybe even , a factor six .
2538N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> but in the first three factors , we 've gone from 26 billion to perhaps the best 13 billion tons , and that 's simply not enough .
2539V N V N V N V N . <eoc> so let 's look at the fourth factor -- and this is going to be a key factor -- that 's the amount of co2 that 's worth of co2 .
2540PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it turns out the question of whether you can get that on zero .
2541PRP V N . <eoc> if you burn the coal : no .
2542PRP V N , . <eoc> if you burn natural gas , no .
2543N V N , N . <eoc> almost every manufacturing method for electricity today is co2 , except renewables and nuclear energy .
2544PRP V N V N . <eoc> so what we need to do on a global level is to create a new system .
2545PRP V N . <eoc> we need energy miracle .
2546V N , V . <eoc> now if i use the word " miracle , i don 't mean the impossible .
2547N V N . N V N . <eoc> the microprocessis a miracle . the pc is a miracle .
2548N V N . <eoc> the internet and the service is a miracle .
2549N V N . <eoc> people here have contributed to the many of these miracles .
2550V N PRP V N . <eoc> normally there is no decistoe that you need a miracle to a certain date .
2551PRP V N V , N . <eoc> normally you 're just going to go wrong and some people , others don 't .
2552N , PRP V N . <eoc> but in this case , we have to get full gas and a miracle in a very short time .
2553, N V , V . <eoc> now , i wondered , how could i really get this ?
2554V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> is it a natural illusion , a demonstration that makes the idea of people here ?
2555N V N V N , N V . <eoc> i remembered that last year when i got mosquitoes , somehow people liked this .
2556N V PRP , PRP V N V N . <eoc> the idea was really tangible for you , you know that there are people who live with mosquitos .
2557N , N V . <eoc> for energy , i got this one .
2558N V PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> i decided that it would be free of fireflies who would be in the environment of my life .
2559V N . <eoc> so here are some natural fireflies .
2560PRP V PRP V PRP . PRP V N . <eoc> you have assured me that they don 't bite . they 're not even going to leave the glass .
2561, V N , PRP V N . <eoc> well , there are all kinds of playful solutions like this , but they don 't bring a lot .
2562PRP V N , N V N , V N V N V N . <eoc> we need solutions , either one or several which have an unimaginable scaling and unimaginable dependability , and even though there are many directions in which people are looking for these big demands that can afford these big demands .
2563N V N , N , N . <eoc> i 've been running out of time , geotherization , fusion and biofuels .
2564V N , PRP V N V , PRP N V PRP V N , PRP V PRP , N V N . <eoc> these might be able to do a moderator , and if you do better than i expect , it would be great , but my core statement here is that we have to give up to all of them , because everyone has significant problems .
2565V N V N , N . <eoc> let 's look at the burning fossil fuels , burning of either coal or natural gas .
2566PRP V , PRP V . PRP V N V N , V N , V PRP V . <eoc> what you have to do is , maybe it 's easy , but that 's not . you 'd have to store all the co2 that comes out of burning from the chimneys , catch up under pressure and then go somewhere and hope that it stays there .
2567V N V N , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> there are a couple of pilot projects that make this on a 60 percent -- 80 percent level , but it 's going to be 100 percent of the problem , and the biggest problem here is the storage of the screen .
2568V PRP . <eoc> who will make it safe ?
2569V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> who can make something that would literally have a lot of billions of times larger than any kind of waste that you can imagine from nuclear and other things ?
2570V N . <eoc> that 's a lot of volume .
2571V N . <eoc> so that 's a tough thing .
2572, N . <eoc> next , nuclear energy .
2573PRP V N . N , N V , N V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> it has three big problems . the cost , especially in highly regulated countries , the question for security is that you really feel that nothing can go wrong with the human work that the fuel is not used for guns .
2574V PRP V N . <eoc> and what do you do with the waste ?
2575PRP V , V N . <eoc> because although it 's not very big , there 's a lot of concerns .
2576N V , PRP V . <eoc> so three very difficult problems that might be solvable , and you should be working on .
2577N V . <eoc> the last three of the five i put in .
2578PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> they are renewable energy as they 're often called .
2579, PRP V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and also , although it 's great -- although it 's great that you need no fuel -- you have some drawbacks .
2580V N , N V N . <eoc> one is energy density , the technologies are dramatically smaller than the power plants .
2581V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> these are energy farms , you 're talking about many square miles , 1,000 times more surface than an average power plant .
2582, N V . <eoc> moreover , these sources are interrupting .
2583N V N , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> the sun doesn 't seem the whole day , it doesn 't seem to be a day , and the wind doesn 't move all the time .
2584PRP V PRP V N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> so you have to do if you 're dependent on these sources , a way to have the energy in times when it 's not available .
2585V N . V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> so there are large price challenges . there are challenges in the transmission , when we say that the energy source outside of the country is , it doesn 't just need the technology , they have to deal with the risk of where that comes from where .
2586V N . <eoc> and there 's the storage problem .
2587V N , N V N V , N , N , N , N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> and to show the dimension , i have all kinds of batteries that are made , viewed -- the cars , computers , mobile phones , flashlights , and so that all the batteries that we could do now can store less than 10 minutes of total energy .
2588PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> so we need a big breakthrough here , something that 's going to be 100 better than the approaches to the time .
2589V , PRP V . <eoc> that 's not impossible , but it 's not so easy .
2590V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> this is what happens when you try to bring these underground carvers , we 're 20 percent of the consumption .
2591PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you want to have 100 percent of that , you need an incredible curiosity .
2592PRP V , V N . <eoc> now where we should go , what is the right approach ?
2593N . V PRP V N . <eoc> a " manhattan project ? how do we get to the goal ?
2594PRP V N V PRP . N . <eoc> what we need is a lot of companies working on it . hundreds .
2595N , PRP V N . <eoc> in each of these five areas , we need to be at least 100 people .
2596N , PRP V , V N . V . <eoc> in many people , you 'll say , are crazy ! that 's good .
2597N V N V . <eoc> i think there 's a lot of the ted group there are already involved in this .
2598N V N , V N V N . <eoc> bill big has several companies , under other one called esolar technologies have the great solar thermal technologies .
2599N V N V N V . <eoc> vinod khosla invested in dozens of companies making great things and interesting opportunities and i try to support that .
2600N , N V N , V N . <eoc> nathan myhrvold , and i finance a company , which is perhaps surprising to the nuclear approach .
2601V N , N . <eoc> there are some innovations in the nuclear area ; modular , liquid .
2602N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> the evolution has stopped in this industry before a few days , so it 's not a great surprise that some good concepts are around .
2603N V PRP V N , N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> the terrsygenic concept means that you 're instead of a part of the subject , one percent of the u235 , we decided to burn the 99 percent , the u238 .
2604V N . <eoc> this is a pretty crazy idea .
2605N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> but in fact , you had to think about it for a long time , but you could never do it properly simulate whether it would work , but since there 's modern supercomputer , you can see it 's functional .
2606PRP V N , N V . <eoc> and because you burn this 99 percent , the cost is very much better .
2607N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , you burn the garbage , and you can even use the waste of today as a drive .
2608V PRP N , V PRP . N . <eoc> instead of breaking your head , just burn it . a great thing .
2609N V , N . <eoc> the uranium is used , a little bit like a candle .
2610PRP V PRP V N V N . N <eoc> you can see it 's a kind of column that 's often called " passenger wave reactor . "
2611PRP V N . <eoc> it really solves the fuel problem .
2612V N . <eoc> here 's a picture of a place in kentucky .
2613V N , N . PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> that 's the waste , the 99 percent . you have the part that is burned down here , so it 's called a cultured uranium .
2614N V N . <eoc> the ads are the u.s. for hundreds of years .
2615PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and if you get solar energy cheaply and just filter , you get enough fuel for the rest of the planet .
2616PRP V , V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> you know , there are many challenges , but it 's an example of many hundreds of concepts that we need to get forward .
2617V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> let 's think about how we should measure our success .
2618PRP N V . <eoc> how should our advice look like ?
2619, V N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> now , let 's go to the goal that we have to achieve , and then we talk about the step .
2620V N V . <eoc> many are talking about 80 percent reduction in 2050 .
2621PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it 's really important that we get there .
2622N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> the rest of 20 percent are being produced in poor countries , and still something agriculture , hopefully , boomers will be clean and cement .
2623, V N , N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> so , to reach that 80 percent , the industrial states , including countries like china to make their electricity generation .
2624N V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> the other note is whether we 're using the zero emissions technology , whether they 're used in all developed countries , and we 're on the way to get them to the rest .
2625PRP V . <eoc> it 's great .
2626V N . <eoc> this will be a key element of these forms .
2627PRP V , V N . <eoc> if we go back from there , what should be the 2020 of representation look like ?
2628PRP V N . <eoc> it should have the two elements again .
2629PRP V N V N , N PRP V , N V N . <eoc> we should use the effectiveness of energy to make a reduction in the way , the less we are , the less the co2 is the co2 and also the temperature .
2630, N PRP V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> but actually , this note for the things that we 're talking about is not completely to the large reductions , just the same , or even less important as the other ones that have the speed of innovation for these breakthroughs .
2631PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> we have to track these breakthroughs with whole gas , and we can measure : in corporate numbers , in a pilot projects , and regulation .
2632V N . <eoc> there are many great books on this topic .
2633N PRP V N , N V N . N <eoc> the al gore book " we have the choice , " and david mcys " supery-energy system " supercular energy . "
2634PRP V PRP V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> they 're really going to do it through and create a framework where this can be discussed this wide , because we need to support from all sides .
2635V N V . <eoc> there 's a lot that needs to come together .
2636V N . <eoc> that 's a wish .
2637N PRP V N . <eoc> a very specific wish that we invent this technology .
2638PRP V PRP N , N V N , N , N V , N V N V N . <eoc> if you put me just a wish for the next 50 years , i could choose the president , a vaccine , and i love , or i could choose that wish i could pick up the president of energy without co2 .
2639V N . <eoc> this has the biggest impact .
2640PRP V N , N V N , N , N V . <eoc> if we don 't get that wish , the dig between the long term and short-term people will be terrible , between the united states and china , between poor and rich , and almost all life of that two billion are going to be very much worse .
2641V PRP V . <eoc> so what do we need to do ?
2642V N . <eoc> what do i appeal to ?
2643PRP V N . <eoc> we need to use for more research assets .
2644N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> when countries come together like compromises , they shouldn 't talk about co2 .
2645PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> you should talk about this innovation strategy , and you would be shocked by the dumbling down to be spent for these innovative approaches .
2646PRP V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> we need market incentives , carbon taxes , cap & amp ; trade , trade that makes a price point .
2647PRP V N . <eoc> we need to spread the message .
2648PRP V N V N . <eoc> we have to make dialogue more rational and more complete and the things that are going to be done by the government .
2649PRP V N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's an important wish , but i think we can fulfill it .
2650N . <eoc> thanks .
2651N . <eoc> thanks .
2652N PRP . V PRP . <eoc> thank you . thank you .
2653N PRP . V N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> thank you . just to figure out something better -- first , can you give us an idea of the scale of that investment ?
2654N V N V N PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> bill gates : to do the simulation on a supercomputer to get all the great scientists that we 've done , we need just a few 10 million , and even if we tested our materials in the $ 100,000 million .
2655N V N V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> the tricky step is that the first ingredient is to find another billion , the regulation , and the place , actually , the first building .
2656N V , PRP V N , PRP V , N , N V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> as soon as the first finished is , when he paused as well as i promised , it 's all very clear , because the economics , the energy density is so different than we know it .
2657V , V N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> to understand that , that means to build deep in the ground , almost like a vertical column nuclear fuel , that 's consuming , and then the process starts up and goes down to the bottom ?
2658N . PRP V N , V N V . N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> bg : right . now you have to fill the reactor always to the reactor , so there 's a lot of people and lots of controls that can go wrong . this thing where you open it and make things in -- or pull that 's not good .
2659PRP V N , PRP V PRP N PRP V N PRP V , N . <eoc> but if you have very cheap fuel , you can fill it for 60 years -- you think of a column -- which you bury , without all the complexity .
2660PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and it 's sitting there , and it 's on 60 years , and then it 's done .
2661N V N . <eoc> a nuclear reactor that provides a solution to the waste .
2662N . , V N PRP V PRP V N PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> bg : yeah . now , what happens to the waste : you can let it sit -- there 's a lot less waste with this method -- then you put it and put it into the next reactor and burn it .
2663PRP V N V N , V PRP N . V PRP N . <eoc> and we 're starting by taking the waste that already exists in this refrigerated basin , or dry balls of it . that 's our starting fuel .
2664V N V PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> so what these reactors have been a problem that is what we put in our current and that will dramatically reduce the waste activity during this process .
2665PRP V N . <eoc> but while they talked about different people in the world about these possibilities .
2666V N V . <eoc> where is the greatest interest of what really to do ?
2667N PRP V N V N , N , N V N V N . <eoc> bg : now we haven 't been able to put a place in a place , and there 's a lot of interesting open rules for everything that 's " nuclear " in the name , and i 've been talking about the energy minister and talked about how this works on the energy agenda .
2668N V . PRP V , N V N . <eoc> i 'm optimistic . you know , the french and japanese are doing something in the direction .
2669V N V . <eoc> this is a variant of a thing that was done .
2670V N , PRP V N V N , N V N , N PRP N . <eoc> this is a very important step forward , but it 's like a faster and some countries have this built , so everybody who has implemented a fast reactor , a candidate for our first .
2671PRP N , N V N . <eoc> in your imagination , time frame and probability something like this ?
2672N PRP V N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> bg : now we need one of these scalable , accessible to things that are very cheap , we have 20 years to invent and then 20 years .
2673V N V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> this is basically the dedline that shows us the environmental models that we need to hold .
2674, PRP V , N , N V , V N , PRP V . <eoc> and , you know , terrabilites , if everything is fine , and that 's a big wish , it could be easy .
2675, PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N PRP N V PRP . <eoc> and fortunately , we have dozens of companies today , and we need hundreds , the same way that if their projects work that enable money to work for their pilots for that .
2676PRP V PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and it would be best if it can create multiple , because then you could use a mixture .
2677, PRP V N . <eoc> anyway , we need a solution .
2678V N , V N PRP V . <eoc> so this is the great possible breakthroughs , is this the biggest thing you know ?
2679N V N . <eoc> bg : an energy breakthrough is the most important thing .
2680PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it would have been without the environmental challenge , but it 's so much more important .
2681N , V N . <eoc> in nuclear sector , there are other innovative companies .
2682PRP V , PRP V PRP N , V N , V N . <eoc> you know , we don 't know their work as well as these , but there are the modular method , which is a different approach .
2683V N , V , V PRP . <eoc> there 's a liquid reactor guy , which seems a little bit difficult , but maybe that 's what 's about us .
2684V , N V N V N , PRP V , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and so there are different , but the beauty of this is that an urbed molecule has a million times as much energy as one , we say , a coal molecule , and therefore , the impact on the land and other things , almost in a own lita .
2685V , V . <eoc> if that doesn 't work , what then ?
2686V PRP V N V N . <eoc> do we need to take action positions to try to keep the earth temperature stable ?
2687N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N , V PRP V . PRP V N . <eoc> bg : if you come to this situation , it 's like you ate too much and a heart attack , what do you do ? you might need a herzoation or something like that .
2688V N V N V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> there 's a research which is called geoengineering which deals with various techniques , to delay warming so we would have taken 20 or 30 years longer to get us .
2689V N . <eoc> this is just an insurance player .
2690PRP V PRP . <eoc> you hope that we don 't need that .
2691N V PRP V N V PRP V , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> some people say you shouldn 't be working on insurance because you might be lazy , so you 're going to keep eating because you know that that 's going to save the failure .
2692V N V PRP V N , V N PRP V N V , N PRP V . <eoc> i don 't know if the smart thing is when you lead the importance of this problem , but there 's now a discourse in geoengineering that you should expect , whether you 're expecting things to be faster or that innovation needs longer than we expect .
2693N V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> climate change : do you have one or two sentences for those to convince you ?
2694N , N V N . <eoc> bg : well , unfortunately , the skeptics live in very different camps .
2695V N V . <eoc> those who make scientific arguments are very little .
2696V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> do you say that there are negative implications that have to do with the clouds that move things ?
2697V , N PRP V N V N . <eoc> there are very , very few things that you can tell at all the way that there is a chance in a million .
2698N V N . <eoc> the main problem here is similar to aids .
2699PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you make the mistake now , and you pay a lot later .
2700N V , PRP V N V N PRP V , N , V N . <eoc> and that 's why the idea is now , if you have all kinds of urgent problems to invest in something that you just later -- and there 's a lot of the people in the rich world , and say , okay , that 's not a big drama .
2701N V N V PRP . <eoc> the fact is that this uncertainty should be worried about us .
2702PRP N V , PRP V PRP , V N , N V PRP V , V PRP V N . N <eoc> but my dream here is that , if you can make it economically , and simultaneously the co2 , and then say that it 's cheaper , but i 'm going to accept it cheaper than the previous method . "
2703V PRP N , PRP V N V N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and that would be their answer to the bjoun argument that if you use all this time and energy to solve the co2 problem , all the other targets for resources to invest money in the better things that we can do .
2704N V N PRP V N PRP V N V . <eoc> bg : well the real spending for research -- we say the u.s. should spend more than 10 billion per year than they do today -- that 's not so dramatic .
2705N V N . <eoc> other things shouldn 't suffer .
2706PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V N V , V PRP V N . <eoc> you get to big sums of money , and here you can be reasonable people to talk about when you have something that 's not economical , and tries to fund it -- that 's a lot of waste here .
2707PRP V N V N , V PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's because there 's a very short run through a paper channel and funded by just the learning curve , and i think we should try more things that have the potential to be very much cheaper .
2708N PRP V , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> if the slope you get is , a very high energy price , you can only keep the rich .
2709N , PRP V N PRP N PRP N . <eoc> i mean , everybody here could spend five times as much for our energy without changing our lifestyle .
2710N , PRP V N . <eoc> for the lower two billion , but it 's a disaster .
2711N V . <eoc> and even banty is thinking .
2712PRP N V , V N V . N <eoc> his new maanos is now , " why don 't research have been discussed more ? "
2713PRP V PRP N V N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> he 's still going to be associated with his earlier stories that were associated with this skepticism , but he understood that it 's a very intimidating group , and so he 's now doing this research argument .
2714V N V N . <eoc> and that 's a thought i think of appropriate terms .
2715N , PRP V N V . <eoc> the research , it 's just crazy to encourage that to support .
2716N , V N V , V PRP N V . N PRP . <eoc> bill , i think i 'm talking for almost all people here when i say , i really hope your desire will be true . thank you very much .
2717N PRP . <eoc> bg : thank you .
2718N , N V , N V N V N . N <eoc> a few years ago , at ted , peter ski frames is a design competition called " the marshmallow challenge . "
2719N V . N V N V N , N , N . <eoc> the idea is pretty simple . four teams have to build the highest possible structure with 20 spaghetti sauce , about 1m tape , about 1m thread and a marshmallow .
2720N V PRP . <eoc> the marshmallow needs to be on top of it .
2721, PRP V , PRP V PRP V N V . <eoc> and , even though it really seems , it 's really hard because it 's people to work very quickly .
2722V N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> and so i thought this was an interesting idea , and i turned it into a design workshop .
2723PRP V N . <eoc> it was a huge success .
2724, V N , N , N , N , N V N PRP . <eoc> since then , i 've done about 70 workshops in the world with students , developers and architects , even with cabos of the ongoing 50-company , and there 's something on this task , and i want to share some of them .
2725PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> we normally start with people 's job themselves about the task .
2726PRP V PRP , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> they talk about it , they 're thinking about how it will look , they ranked around the power .
2727PRP V N , N . PRP V N . <eoc> then they invest a little bit of time , and organization . they sketch and put spaghetti sauce .
2728PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> they invest in a lot of their time in the cities .
2729, PRP V N , N V N , PRP V PRP N . V PRP N . <eoc> and finally , shortly before they have no longer time , someone takes the marshmallow and put it down to the top , step back to the top ; they admire their jobs .
2730, V N V N V N V . <eoc> but then , almost always , is that the " tah oh " is because the weight of the marshmallow is going to bend and plummets .
2731V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> there 's a number of people who have a lot more " ooh , " moments than others , and under the worst , new moist graduates .
2732PRP V , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> they lie , they cheat , they 're confused , they really make drought objects .
2733N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> and of course , also teams have teams that have a lot more , " ta-da " and under the best , new graduates of children 's life .
2734V . <eoc> and that 's pretty amazing .
2735PRP V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> as we did peter told , they don 't just have the highest towers , but also the most interesting structures of all .
2736PRP V , V . V . <eoc> what you might ask is , how does that come ? why ? what about those ?
2737N V , N V N V N . N <eoc> and peter said , " none of the kids invested in the name of spaghetti kraborh . "
2738PRP V N . <eoc> they don 't invest in power in power .
2739V N . <eoc> but there 's another reason .
2740V N V N , N . <eoc> and that is that bwling students have been trained to find the right plan , ok .
2741PRP V PRP . <eoc> and then it can tell him .
2742V PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> what happens when you put the marshmallow on the top , you don 't have time and what happens ?
2743PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a crisis .
2744N , . <eoc> sounds familiar , what ?
2745N V PRP V N , N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> what children 's children are doing is they start building with the marshmallow and building prototypes , successfully prototypes , with the marshmallow at the top , so that they have a way to repair vast prototypes of reservoirs .
2746N V N . <eoc> constructionists recognize these kinds of collaboration as a core of an iterative survey .
2747N , N V N V . <eoc> and with each attempt , the children are immediate feedback and what doesn 't work .
2748N V N , V , V N V . <eoc> so the performance is to work with prototypes , which is far , but let 's see how different teams act .
2749N V N , N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> the average for most is about 50 inches , bw-student students , half of that , lawyers do something more , but not much , children are better than the adults .
2750V . <eoc> who 's the most successful ?
2751N , N . <eoc> architects and engineers , fortunately .
2752N V N V . <eoc> elm is the highest thing i saw .
2753. PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and why ? because you understand triangles and sympathetic patterns patterns , the key to build stable structures .
2754N V N . PRP V . <eoc> ceos lie something above average . but it 's going to be interesting .
2755PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you put an excellent administrative administrator on the team , they become significantly better .
2756PRP V . PRP V , V N V . V <eoc> it 's amazing . you look around , and see " this team will win . "
2757PRP V N . V PRP . <eoc> you can predict that . why is it ?
2758PRP V N . <eoc> because they have special skills of the process .
2759PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> they lead the process , they understand him .
2760N V N V N . <eoc> and this team that would be rejects and focused on the work that the team will improve the team considerably .
2761N V . <eoc> specialized skills and processing skills and the combination are continuing to succeed .
2762PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you have 10 teams , it 's typical use , you get about six ; the stable structures .
2763N V N . <eoc> i tried a little bit of a time .
2764N V PRP V N . <eoc> i thought we bring the poker effort .
2765V N . <eoc> so i offered $ 10,000 price of software for the winner .
2766V PRP V N . <eoc> what do you think happened to these design students ?
2767V N . <eoc> what was the result ?
2768V . N V N . <eoc> this happened here . not a team had a stable structure .
2769N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if anyone would have built a 2.5th inch construction , he would have carried the price home .
2770V PRP V N V N . <eoc> so is it not interesting that high competition has a strong effect ?
2771PRP V N . <eoc> we brought this exercise with the same students .
2772V PRP V . <eoc> what do you think happened ?
2773PRP V N . <eoc> now you understood the advantage of the proton .
2774V N , N . <eoc> this was the same thing , bad team of one under the best .
2775PRP V N . <eoc> it 's produced the highest construction in the lowest time .
2776V N PRP V N . <eoc> so there are deep areas of lessons for us to do about nature and success .
2777PRP V , N V N V N . <eoc> you might ask , why would someone actually invest in a marshmallow challenger ?
2778N V N V N V N , N , N . <eoc> the reason is that i can make digital tools and processes to help teams , cars , video games and " visual effects .
2779N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and what the marshmallow is doing is it helps to identify them hidden assumptions .
2780, N V PRP N . <eoc> because frankly , every project has its own marshmallow .
2781N V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> the challenge provides a shared experience , a common language , or attitude , to build the right prototype .
2782V N , N . <eoc> and this is the value of this experience , that simple exercise .
2783PRP V N . <eoc> and those of you who are interested in seeing marshmallow can visit marshmallow .
2784PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a blog where you see the marshmallow .
2785V N V . <eoc> there 's a pacemaker that 's going to be there .
2786PRP V N V N . <eoc> they find crazy examples of all around the world how people optimize the system and refinement .
2787V N . <eoc> there is also computation .
2788N , V , N V N . <eoc> and the batal lesson , i think , is actually a combination sport actually .
2789PRP V PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N PRP N PRP N PRP V PRP . <eoc> it demands that we all take our senses on the task , and we use our thinking of how our feelings and our do it in the challenge we are .
2790N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and sometimes a small prototype of this experience is all it needs to bring us from a " uh-oh " -- to a " moment .
2791V N . <eoc> and that can make a big difference .
2792N . <eoc> thanks .
2793V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> let 's pretend we have a machine .
2794N , N , V N . <eoc> a big machine , a cool , ted like machine , and that 's a time machine .
2795N V . <eoc> and everyone in this room has to come in .
2796PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and you can go into the past , you can go into the future ; you can 't stay in here and now .
2797N V PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> and i wonder what they would choose because i asked my friends in the last time , and they wanted to go all in the past .
2798V N V . PRP V N PRP V N , N V N . N <eoc> i don 't know . they wanted to go back to the time before they had cars , or twitter or " america are looking for the superstar . "
2799V N V . <eoc> i don 't know .
2800N V PRP V N , V . <eoc> i 'm convinced that you 're somehow drawn to nostalgia , to start thinking .
2801N V . <eoc> and i understand that .
2802N V N V . <eoc> i 'm not part of this group i have to say .
2803V N , V N . <eoc> i don 't want to be in the past , and that 's not because i 'm an adventurer .
2804PRP V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> it 's because there 's no way to go back to this planet , you go forward .
2805V N , N V N . <eoc> so i want to go into this machine , and i want to go to the future .
2806V N V N , N PRP V , N , N , N , N . <eoc> this is the greatest time that has ever been on this planet , no matter what scales you are : health , wealth , mobility , opportunities , declining disease rates .
2807V N . <eoc> there was never before time like this .
2808PRP N V PRP V . <eoc> my great-grandparents died all of them as they were 60 .
2809PRP N V N . <eoc> my grandparents had this number on 701 .
2810PRP N V N . <eoc> my parents are 80 on the heel .
2811V N PRP N . <eoc> so there should be a nine at the beginning of my death number .
2812PRP V N PRP , V N . <eoc> but it 's not even about people like us , because this is a bigger thing than that .
2813N V N V N V N . <eoc> a kid who is born today in new delhi is to live as long as the richest man in the world of 100 years ago .
2814N PRP . V N . <eoc> think about it . that 's an incredible fact .
2815V . <eoc> and why is that ?
2816N . N V N . <eoc> smallpox . smallpox had killed billions of people on this planet .
2817PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they 've created the demographics of the earth in a way , as it has ever done a war .
2818PRP V . PRP V . <eoc> they 're gone . they 're gone .
2819PRP V PRP . V . <eoc> we suppress it . puff .
2820N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> in the rich world , diseases exist that millions of us just have previously threatened by one generation .
2821N , N , N . <eoc> disus , chesta , the baby paralysis .
2822V N V . <eoc> does anyone know what that is ?
2823N , N , PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> vaccines , modern medicine , our ability to feed billions of people , that are the successes of the scientific method .
2824PRP N V N V N , V PRP V PRP V PRP V , N . <eoc> and from my view is the scientific method to try to try and look , whether it works to change it if it doesn 't do that , one of the great achievements of humanity .
2825V N . <eoc> so that 's the good news .
2826, PRP V N , V N , PRP V . <eoc> unfortunately , it 's all the good news , because there are some other problems , and they 've been mentioning often .
2827PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and one of them is that despite all of our achievements of a billion people in the world every day go hungry for every day .
2828N V , PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> this number goes up , and it goes up very fast , and it 's reassuring .
2829, PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and not only that , we 've used our imagination to destroy this world deeply thoroughly .
2830N , N , N , N , N PRP V , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> drinking water , earthrise country , rainforests , oil , gas -- they disappear , and it 's soon and if we don 't escape from this chaos as well .
2831N V , PRP V . V . <eoc> so the question is , can we do that ? i think so .
2832N V PRP V PRP V N V N , V N PRP V . <eoc> i think it 's clear that we can produce food that will feed billions of people , without the land that they live on to rape .
2833N V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> i think we can power this world with energy that they don 't use at the same time .
2834N V , PRP V N . <eoc> i think that 's really , and no , it 's not a way of thinking .
2835V PRP N , N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> but this is when me awake at night -- one of the things that are awake at night , and we 've never used scientific progress , but it 's never needed yet .
2836PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and we 've never been able to put it out of it as we can do it today .
2837PRP V N , V PRP V N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> we are at the verge of amazing , amazing events in many places -- and i really think we have to go hundreds of millions of years before the enlightenment and find a time to fight progress in which we have been fighting over these things over the time .
2838N V PRP N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> people are shaking in their belief , and that is so deeply that they can 't free them .
2839N V PRP . <eoc> not even the truth becomes free to free it .
2840V , N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> and listen , everyone has a right to his opinion , even a right to the progress .
2841PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but you know what you don 't have right ?
2842PRP V N PRP N . N , PRP V . <eoc> they don 't have a right on their own facts . ' high school , they don 't .
2843N V N V . <eoc> and i took a while to figure that out .
2844N , N V N , N . <eoc> about a decade ago , i wrote an article about shots for " the new yorker , a little article .
2845N V N , N , V N . <eoc> and i was amazed at the resistance , to the resistance , which is the most effective operation in the history of mankind .
2846N V N V , V N V , V N V . <eoc> i didn 't know what i should do , so i just do whatever i do , i wrote an article and went on .
2847, N V N . <eoc> and soon after that , i wrote an article about genetic food .
2848N , . <eoc> same thing , only bigger .
2849N V N . <eoc> people were playing crazy .
2850V N , N V N V N V N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so i 've written about this article , and i couldn 't understand why people thought that would be " frankenfood " why they thought that molecules were in a certain way of creating a random way of doing the area of nature .
2851PRP V , V N V . V N , N V . <eoc> but you know , i do what i do . i wrote the article , i kept on .
2852V , V N . <eoc> i mean , i 'm a journalist .
2853PRP V , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> we type , we 're rich , we 're going to eat , it 's okay .
2854N V PRP , N V , N V PRP . <eoc> but this article was worried about me , and i couldn 't figure out why , and finally , i found it out .
2855V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's because these fanatics who were crazy at all that they were nuts at all .
2856V N , N , N . <eoc> these were revenues people , educated people , decent people .
2857PRP V N . <eoc> they were just like the people in this room .
2858V PRP . <eoc> and that blew me up .
2859V , PRP V , V PRP V . <eoc> but then i thought , you know , let 's face what we 're honest .
2860PRP V N PRP V N V . <eoc> we 're in a point where we don 't have the same relationship to progress as early .
2861PRP V N . <eoc> we 're talking about silence .
2862PRP V N , N . N <eoc> we 're talking ironic that , with small leadership signs about this : " progress . "
2863N , V N , V PRP V N V . <eoc> okay , so there 's reasons , and i think we know what the reasons are .
2864PRP V N , N , N , N V , V N V . <eoc> we have the trust in institutions , in authority , and sometimes in science , lost in science , and there 's no reason that this should not be .
2865PRP V N , N V . <eoc> you can just call a few names , and people will understand .
2866N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> chernobyl , invagal , the challenger , vioxx , mass destruction , the u.s. presidential election .
2867N , PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i mean , you know , you can choose your own list .
2868V N PRP V PRP V . V . <eoc> there are questions and problems with the people we thought they were always right . be skeptical .
2869N V , V N , V N . <eoc> imagine asking , ask the evidence , demand the evidence .
2870N V N . <eoc> don 't take anything than a given .
2871PRP V PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> but now it comes : if you get evidence that you have to take this evidence , and we 're not good at that .
2872N V N PRP V N , N V PRP , V . <eoc> and i can say that for the reason that we 're now in an epidemic of fear , as i 've never seen them , and hopefully i 'll never see again .
2873N , N V , N V N , N , V N . <eoc> about 12 years ago , a story was published , a terrible story that has been published with the masking epidemic , mutort , and the barge vaccine was associated with .
2874. <eoc> very scary .
2875N V N V . <eoc> the wise studies have been done to see if this was true .
2876N V N V N . <eoc> the wise trials should be done ; that 's a serious business .
2877N V . <eoc> the data came in .
2878N V N , N , N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> the data came in from the united states , from england , from sweden , from canada , and they were all the same , no correlation , no connection .
2879PRP V N . PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP V PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it doesn 't make any difference . it doesn 't make any difference because we believe in anecdotes , we believe what we see what we think , what can we feel .
2880PRP V N V PRP N , N V , V PRP V . <eoc> we don 't believe in a series of documents of a government to us data , and i understand that , i think we all do .
2881PRP V . <eoc> but you know what ?
2882N V N . <eoc> the result of this was devastating .
2883N V N V N . <eoc> disaster because of this fact : the united states is one of the only countries in the world where the inoculated for measles drops .
2884V , PRP V . <eoc> this is scandaleful , and we should be ashamed .
2885PRP V . <eoc> it 's awful .
2886V PRP V . <eoc> what happened is that we could do that .
2887, V . V . <eoc> well , i understand that . i do .
2888V N . <eoc> because has somebody rusts behind this ?
2889V N V N . <eoc> has anyone in the audience who have ever seen someone 's book ?
2890N . <eoc> doesn 't quite often happen .
2891N , N , N . <eoc> in this country , at all , but 160,000 times over the world in the last year .
2892V N , N . <eoc> these are many deaths by mafers , 20 per hour .
2893PRP V , PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> but because it 's not happening here , we can be in denial , and people like jenny to walk around and email from fear and illiterate study of platforms like oprah and larry king live preaching .
2894PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and you can do that because they don 't connect the cause and correlation .
2895PRP V N V , N . <eoc> they don 't understand that these things seem to be equal , but almost never the same thing .
2896V N PRP V , . <eoc> and that 's something we need to learn , and very quickly .
2897N V N , N . <eoc> this guy was a hero , jonas salk .
2898PRP V PRP N . <eoc> he liberated us from one of the worst flaws in humanity .
2899N , N , N , N , V . <eoc> no fear , no quals , the security paralysis , puff , disappeared .
2900N . <eoc> the guy in the middle isn 't so much .
2901PRP V N . <eoc> he 's called paul normalizing .
2902PRP V N . <eoc> he 's developed a red-avarterarterarary vaccine in a moment .
2903PRP V N . <eoc> he can save 500,000 children per year in the developing world .
2904, . <eoc> pretty good , not ?
2905, V N V N V PRP V , N V . <eoc> now , that 's good except that paul runs around and talking about vaccines and says how valuable they are , and that people just should stop to stop .
2906V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's what he says .
2907N V . <eoc> so paul is a terrorist .
2908N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> when paul is talking in a public policy , he doesn 't have an armed guards without armed guards .
2909PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> he gets calls home , because people like to tell him that they know where their children go to school .
2910. N V N . <eoc> and why ? because paul has made a vaccine .
2911V N V , N V . <eoc> i don 't need to say that , but vaccines are essential .
2912PRP V PRP , V N , N , V . <eoc> you take it away , reverse the disease , horrible diseases , and that 's happening .
2913PRP V N . <eoc> we have measles now in this country .
2914V , N V , V N . <eoc> and that gets worse , and pretty soon kids will die again , because that 's just a question of numbers .
2915PRP V N . <eoc> and they 're not just going to die from measles .
2916N . V . <eoc> what about the polio ? take that . why not ?
2917N V PRP N , V PRP V N . <eoc> a couple of weeks ago i wrote a few weeks ago , and told me a little bit about me to get a little bit .
2918N V . <eoc> no one ever said that before .
2919PRP V PRP N V N . N . <eoc> she wouldn 't vaccinate her child against the baby . no case .
2920N . <eoc> oops .
2921. PRP V N . PRP V . <eoc> why ? because we don 't have a juvenile paralysis . and you know what ?
2922PRP V N V N . <eoc> we didn 't have a childhood paralysis in this country .
2923N , N V , N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> today , i don 't know , maybe someone 's going to go in lagos in lagos today to a plane and fly right to los angeles , right now he 's about ohio .
2924N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and in a few hours , he and rented a car , and he comes to long beach , and he 's going to visit one of these amazing ted dinners tonight .
2925PRP V PRP V N , PRP V , N V . <eoc> and he doesn 't know that he 's infected with a paralyzing disease , and we don 't know that , because so the world works .
2926V N PRP V . V PRP V PRP . <eoc> that 's the planet that we live on . don 't do it as if it 's not .
2927PRP V PRP V PRP N . PRP V PRP . <eoc> we love us to lie ourselves in lies . we love it .
2928V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> have you taken all your vitamins to this morning ?
2929N , N V PRP N . <eoc> echinancea , a small antioxdandy to help you with the jumps .
2930N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> i know you 've done that because half of americans do that every day .
2931PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> they take the stuff , and they take alternative cures , and it doesn 't make any difference as often we find out that they are useless .
2932N V PRP . <eoc> the data does it all the time .
2933PRP V PRP N . PRP V . <eoc> it glows your urine . you 're almost never .
2934PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's okay , you want to pay 28 billion dollars for dark urine .
2935N V PRP . <eoc> i agree with them .
2936N . N . <eoc> dark indians . dark .
2937V PRP V . V PRP V . <eoc> why do we do that ? why are we doing this ?
2938, V N PRP V N . <eoc> now , i think i understand -- we hate the drug industry .
2939PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> we hate a big government . we don 't have any confidence in the system .
2940PRP V . PRP N V . <eoc> and we shouldn 't . our healthcare system is tenant .
2941PRP V N . <eoc> it 's cruel to millions of people .
2942PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> it 's absolutely amazing and pacifying itself to be able to afford .
2943PRP V N , V PRP V . <eoc> so we 're running out of the way , and where do we go ?
2944PRP V N . <eoc> we 're running in the poor of placebo industry .
2945V . V N . <eoc> that 's great . i love placebo industry .
2946PRP V , V N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> but you know , that 's really a serious issue , because the stuff is crap , and we give billions of dollars for that .
2947N V N . <eoc> and i have all sorts of little shifts here .
2948V N , N , N , N , V N V , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> kone is -- gimko , fraud , echinanaia , fraud , acai , i don 't even know what this is , but we give billions of dollars for it .
2949PRP V . N V , N V PRP V , V PRP V . V N V PRP V . <eoc> and you know what ? when i say that , people scream me up and say , " what do you care ? let people do what they want .
2950PRP V . N <eoc> so you feel good . "
2951PRP V . PRP V . <eoc> and you know what ? they 're wrong .
2952N V PRP V N V , N , V N PRP N V N V PRP N . <eoc> because i don 't care whether it 's the health minister who says , " hmm , i 'm not going to take the records of my experts at mammography or any cancing-sized jumppers who wants to treat his patient with caffe-collar .
2953PRP V N , V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> if you go to this way , where believe and magic records and science , you get to a place where you don 't want to be .
2954PRP V N . <eoc> they get to mhao mica in south africa .
2955PRP V N PRP V N , N , N V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> he brought 400,000 of his people to do that , that red beeps , and then we have a lot more effective than anti-antiretroviral drugs that we know that they can stop the course of aids .
2956N V N . <eoc> hundreds of thousands of unnecessary death in a country that will be worse than any other of this disease .
2957N V PRP N V N . <eoc> don 't tell me that these things don 't have any consequences .
2958PRP V PRP . PRP V PRP . <eoc> they have them . they always have them .
2959, N PRP V N V N . <eoc> now , the brain epidemic that we are right now is this absurd struggle between the murder of the supply of food and the organic elite .
2960PRP V N . PRP V . <eoc> it 's an idiot debate . it needs to stop .
2961PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's a debate about words , about metaphors .
2962PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's ideology , not science .
2963N PRP V , N , N , N , V N . <eoc> everything we eat , every rice grain , every branch of cortersia , each rodburst , was changed by the people .
2964PRP V , V N . <eoc> you know , there were no mandins in the garden .
2965V N . <eoc> there were no cfo alpedomalons .
2966V N . PRP V N . <eoc> there was no christmas tree . we did everything .
2967PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we did it in the last 11,000 years .
2968PRP V , N . <eoc> and some of it has worked , and some don 't .
2969PRP V N V . <eoc> we 've become fooling what doesn 't work .
2970PRP V PRP . N V N , PRP V N , N V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> now we can make it more closely . and of course there are risks , but we can do something like vitamin a in rice , and the stuff can help millions of people to increase their lives .
2971PRP V PRP . <eoc> you don 't want to do it ?
2972N V , V N . <eoc> i have to say , i don 't understand .
2973PRP V N . <eoc> we exemulated food .
2974V PRP V . <eoc> why do we do that ?
2975, N V N , N , N , N , PRP V N , V . <eoc> now , what i 'm doing all the time is : too many chemicals , pesticides , hormones , monoculture , we don 't want to have huge fields with one thing , that 's wrong .
2976PRP V N V N . <eoc> we don 't want firms to patent life .
2977PRP V N V N . <eoc> we don 't want firms to seeds .
2978PRP V PRP N V . <eoc> and you know what my answer to all this is ?
2979N , PRP V . V PRP V . <eoc> yeah , they 're right . let 's fix it .
2980PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's true , we have a huge food problem , but it 's not science .
2981PRP V N V N . <eoc> it has nothing to do with science .
2982PRP V , N , N . <eoc> it 's right , morality , patent dung .
2983PRP V N V N . <eoc> you know that science is not a company .
2984PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not a country .
2985PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not even an idea ; it 's a process .
2986PRP V N , PRP V , N PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a process , and sometimes it doesn 't work and sometimes not , but the idea that we should not allow the science to do their work , because we 're afraid to have a real dead , and it 's holding millions of people from the flowering .
2987PRP V , N , PRP V N V N . N . <eoc> you know , in the next 50 years , we 'll have 70 percent more food to grow than at the moment . 70 percent .
2988N . <eoc> this investment in africa in the last 30 years .
2989N . N . <eoc> shame . shame .
2990PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> they need that , and we don 't give them .
2991. V N . <eoc> and why ? genetically engineered food .
2992PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> we don 't want to encourage people to eat this cloned stuff like manias , for example .
2993N V N V N . <eoc> maniok is something that is eating half a billion people .
2994PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about like a potato .
2995PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just a cluster of calories . it 's rented .
2996PRP V N , PRP V N , N V PRP . <eoc> it doesn 't have nutrients , it has no protein , and scientists are building all of it .
2997N V N , PRP V . <eoc> and then people could eat the food , and they would not be blind .
2998PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> they wouldn 't starve , and you know what ?
2999PRP V . PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> it would be beautiful . it wouldn 't be a panic of panic , but it would be beautiful .
3000N V PRP V . <eoc> and everything i can say to do is : why do we fight this ?
3001V , V PRP V . <eoc> i mean , let 's ask : why do we fight this ?
3002PRP V N . <eoc> because we don 't want to move genes ?
3003PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not about driving genes . it 's not about chemicals .
3004PRP V PRP N , PRP N , N , N . <eoc> it 's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones , our fragmented food of greater food , better food , unique food .
3005PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's not about rice kriplay , it 's about getting people alive , and it 's going to understand the highest time to understand what that means .
3006PRP V . <eoc> because you know what ?
3007PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N PRP V , V , V , N . <eoc> if we don 't do that , if we do so far as far as we do , what we do is , i think , not wanting to be guilty , high-tech colonialism .
3008V N V . <eoc> there 's no other description for what 's going on here .
3009PRP V , PRP V , PRP V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> it 's self-addictive , it 's ugly , it 's not worthy of us , and we have to really stop that .
3010N , PRP V , N PRP V N . N <eoc> so after this incredibly funny conversation , you might want to say , " do you always want to go into this ridiculous time machine and the future ? "
3011. V N . <eoc> anyway . that 's what i want to .
3012N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> in the moment , it 's in the present , but we have an incredible opportunity .
3013PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we can put this time machine on everything we want .
3014PRP V PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we can move them where we want to move them , and we 'll move them where we want .
3015PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> we have to lead these conversations , and we need to think , but if we go up in the time machine , and we will be happy to have done that .
3016N V PRP V PRP , V PRP V N V . <eoc> i know that we can do it , and that 's what it really matters is what the world needs now .
3017N . <eoc> thanks .
3018N . <eoc> thanks .
3019N , N V N V N V PRP V PRP , N V N V PRP . V <eoc> for some time , i have been interested in placebo effect -- this may seem strange that a magician is interested in it , because they 're looking at it as i think as " a deception that thinks to something ugly . "
3020N , N , N V N , N , N , N , V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> in other words , sugar pills , in some studies , have shown an measurable effect , the placebo effect , and that 's because the person thinks about what 's going on in the body , a measurement effect in the body that you call placebo effect .
3021N V N V PRP . <eoc> an delusion becomes something true because someone is taking it so .
3022PRP V , V PRP N , N . <eoc> so we can also understand each other , i would like to show you a basic , very simple magic trick .
3023V PRP V . V N V N . <eoc> and i 'm going to show you how it works . this is a trick that is at least since the 1950s in every magic book for children .
3024N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i even learned him from the cub coucht of the psych in the 1970s .
3025N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> i 'm going to do it for you and then explain him .
3026V PRP . <eoc> and then i 'll explain why i explain it .
3027, V . <eoc> so , look what happens .
3028N PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> the knife that you can study is ; my hand you can study .
3029N V N PRP N . <eoc> i 'm just going to keep the knife in my fist .
3030V PRP N . <eoc> i peel back my sleeve .
3031V N PRP N V PRP , V PRP N . <eoc> and to make sure that nothing in my sleeve disappears or out of him , i 'm just going to collect my wrist right here .
3032N , PRP V N V N , N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> in this way , you can see that there 's no way to do anything , and as long as i push that , nothing can go into my sleeve or come out .
3033N V . <eoc> and the goal here is very simple .
3034N V PRP N , N V , N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm going to open my hand , and hopefully if everything is good , the knife came through my bare magnetic magnetism .
3035PRP V N PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's actually in the case that i find it in its place that i can shake the knife without falling .
3036N V PRP N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> nothing goes into my sleeve , or comes out , no trickery ; and you can examine everything .
3037N . <eoc> ta-da !
3038, V N V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> now , this is a trick i often bring to young kids who are interested in magic , because you can learn a lot about deception , if you look closer , even though it 's a very simple trick .
3039PRP V N . <eoc> you probably know a lot of you here in the room .
3040PRP V N . <eoc> he works the way .
3041N V N PRP N . <eoc> i hold the knife in my hand .
3042N V N V PRP N V N PRP N V , V N . <eoc> i say i 'll close my wrist to make sure that nothing in my sleeve disappears or ends , and that 's a lie .
3043N V PRP N V N . <eoc> the reason i think my wrist is that there is the actual secret of illusion .
3044N , V PRP N PRP V PRP N , N , PRP N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> in the moment , where i turn my hand from you , so you can see them from behind , this finger moves here , my real fingers -- just from where he was so heavy .
3045N . <eoc> amazing trick ?
3046V N V N . <eoc> there 's someone behind sitting in the back of childhood .
3047, PRP V . N . <eoc> so , he 's here . right .
3048V PRP , N V PRP N . <eoc> and when i turn around me , the fingers changes its position .
3049PRP V N V PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and now you could talk about why this is a deception why you don 't know that there are just three fingers -- because the mind and the way that it 's making information , it doesn 't count one , two , three , but as a group .
3050PRP V N . V PRP N . <eoc> but it 's not really the point . and then i open my hand .
3051N , PRP V , V N PRP N , N , PRP N , V . <eoc> of course , it 's held there , but not through the magnetism of my body , but through a trick , through my real fingers , which is now there .
3052N V PRP N , N V , V N , N V . <eoc> and when i close my hand , the same thing that i 'm looking back , is hidden through this movement , that the finger moves back back .
3053N V N . V N . <eoc> i take that hand away . and here 's the knife .
3054N PRP V PRP N PRP N . N PRP . <eoc> this trick you can use your friends and your neighbor . thank you .
3055, V N V . <eoc> now , what does this have placebo effect to do ?
3056N , V N V PRP . <eoc> a year or so , i read a study that has really shocked me right .
3057N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm not a doctor or researcher , and that 's why i was an amazing thing for me .
3058PRP V PRP V N , N , V N , V N , V N . <eoc> it turns out that if you offer a placebo in the form of a white pill , in the form of an aepa pill , which is just a round , white pill , which has a particular measurable effect .
3059PRP V N PRP V N , V N , V N , PRP V . <eoc> but if you get the shape in which you give the placebo , for example , to change a smaller pill , and that blue colors and a letter of it is actually measurable more effective .
3060, N , PRP V N . <eoc> and that , although none of these , any pharmaceutical -- it 's just sugar pills .
3061N V N . <eoc> but a white pill is not as good as a blue pill .
3062. V PRP . <eoc> what ? that really blew me up .
3063PRP V PRP V . <eoc> but it turns out that it 's not all .
3064PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> when you take capsutures , it 's more effective than a pill of every form .
3065N , V N , V N . <eoc> a colored capsule , which is at a end yellow and on the other red , is better than a white capsule .
3066N V N . <eoc> the dosage is a role .
3067N V N V PRP N . V . <eoc> a pill twice a day is not as good as three pills -- i can 't remind myself of the exact statistics . i 'm sorry .
3068, N V <eoc> now , the key thing is ...
3069N V N . <eoc> ... that also the donids play a role .
3070N V N . <eoc> and the shape is a role .
3071PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you want to have the ultimate placebo effect , you have to get to the needle .
3072. N PRP V N . <eoc> right ? a syringe with a efficiency -- a couple of milliseconds of an efficiency substance that you injected a patient .
3073PRP V N PRP N . V N . <eoc> it creates a very powerful image in your head . that 's a lot stronger than a white pill .
3074N V , V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> this graph is really , i 'm going to show you another time we have a projection .
3075N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> so the fact is that the white pill doesn 't work as well as the blue pill that doesn 't work as well as a capsule that doesn 't work as well as the needle .
3076N V N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and nothing of that has really a pharmaceutical trait , it 's just our faith that makes a stronger impact .
3077N V N V N . <eoc> i wanted to know if i could use this idea for a magic trick .
3078N V N V N , V PRP . <eoc> i take something that obviously has a deception , and let it look real .
3079PRP V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we know from the study that you have to get to the needle if it 's supposed to go .
3080V N , PRP V , N . V PRP . <eoc> this is an 18 inch long huck , and she 's very , very treasure . and i 'm going to try it a little bit sterile .
3081V PRP N . PRP V N . <eoc> this is really my flesh . it 's not in particular cultured meat .
3082V PRP N . V N . <eoc> this is my skin . this is not a special effect of hollywood .
3083N V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm going to stick this needle into my skin and pull through through it , until you turn back on the other side .
3084PRP V PRP V N , N V N , N V , N V N . <eoc> if you get sick -- if you fall out in salt , i 've got a couple of friends last night in the hotel room , and some people who i didn 't know , and that 's a woman almost hated .
3085V PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V , V N . <eoc> so i 'm proposing if you quickly get evil , you look away for the next 30 seconds , or , you know what , i 'm going to do the first thorough part behind the back .
3086PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> you can see it right , you can also see away if you want .
3087, PRP V , PRP N V , N PRP N V N . <eoc> so , it 's like , right here , where my meat starts , at the bottom part of my arm i 'm just going to make a little bit .
3088N V . V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm so sorry . do you do this crazy ?
3089N PRP N . <eoc> and just a little bit through my skin and on the other side .
3090PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> now we 're actually in the same situation we had the knife trick .
3091. <eoc> about .
3092PRP V PRP N , . <eoc> but now you can 't count my finger , right ?
3093, V PRP . V , . <eoc> so , i 'm going to show you . this is one , two , three , four , five .
3094, . <eoc> well , yes .
3095N V N V PRP V . <eoc> i know what people think when they see this .
3096PRP V , N , V N V PRP N , V PRP N . N <eoc> they say , " okay , that 's not so stupid and i 'm going to take yourself into the skin , just to give us a few minutes . "
3097, V PRP . <eoc> well , then i 'll show it .
3098V . N . <eoc> so what does this look like ? pretty good .
3099N , N V . <eoc> yeah , i know .
3100N V , N . V . V <eoc> and people back in the back , " okay . i 've not seen this right . "
3101N V . <eoc> the people in the corner there are now .
3102V PRP V PRP . <eoc> let me show you from near .
3103V PRP N . V N . <eoc> this is really my skin . this is not a special effect of hollywood .
3104V PRP N , N V PRP . <eoc> this is my flesh , and i can rotate it around .
3105N . PRP V , V N , N . <eoc> sorry . if you get evil , look away , don 't look .
3106N , N , V N , V , N V , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . N <eoc> the people back , or the ones that later , later on a video , say , " well , this looks pretty impressive , but if it was real , it would be real , it would blow . "
3107N , V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> okay , let me squeeze a little blood for you .
3108, PRP V . <eoc> yes , here it is .
3109N V N . <eoc> i normally would take the needle out now .
3110N V PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> i would clean my arm and show you that there are no wounds .
3111V N , N V N , V N V N . <eoc> but i think in this frame here , and with the intention of making something real , i 'm just going to get the needle in there and go from the stage .
3112PRP V N . <eoc> we 're going to meet a few times in the next few days .
3113N V PRP V . N PRP . <eoc> i hope you 'll look forward . thank you .
3114N V N . <eoc> everybody 's talking about happiness today .
3115N V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> i 've got some people to count the number of books that are happy with happiness , and they were published in the last five years , and they gave about 40 and there was a lot more .
3116V N . <eoc> there 's a massive wave of interest in happiness among researchers .
3117V N . <eoc> there are lots of happiness cochineg .
3118N V N . <eoc> everybody would like to make people happier .
3119N , V N V PRP V N . <eoc> but despite all of these spacing , there are several cognitive ones that are almost impossible to think it 's very impossible to think about happiness .
3120PRP N V N . <eoc> and my talk today is mostly acting from this cognitive breed .
3121V N V PRP N , PRP V N V , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> this is true for lamas that thinks about your own happiness , and it 's true for scientists who think about happiness , because it turns out that we are just as confusion as anybody else .
3122N V N V N . <eoc> the first one of these cases is a resisting to admit complexity .
3123PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it turns out that the word is not a useful word anymore , because we apply it to lots of different things .
3124N V N PRP V PRP , N PRP V , PRP V N V . <eoc> i think there 's a particular meaning that we could measure it , but in the large and all of this is something we need to give up , and we will think of the complicated view of what is well-being .
3125N V N PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> the second trap is an uses of experience and memory : essentially it is between happy in his life and happy about his life or happy with his life .
3126V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and these are two very different concepts , and they 're both clinging in the notion of happiness .
3127V N , V N PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> and the third is the concentrators illusion , and that 's the unhappy fact that we can 't think about a question of how to think of well-being without embracing its meaning .
3128V , V N . <eoc> i mean , this is a real cognitive trap .
3129V N V PRP . <eoc> there 's just no way to get it right .
3130, N V N V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> now , i would like to start with an example of someone who had a questionnai-and-ask week after one of the lectures that he was talking about a story , and it was absolutely glorious music , and at the end of the recording there was a terrible design sound .
3131PRP V , N , V N . <eoc> and then he added up , really quite emotional , that has ruined all the experience .
3132PRP V N . <eoc> but it didn 't .
3133PRP V N . <eoc> what it had ruined the memories of the experience .
3134PRP V N . <eoc> he had had the experience .
3135PRP V N . <eoc> he had had 20 minutes of gorgeous music .
3136PRP V PRP V N , N V , N V N PRP V . <eoc> they didn 't count because he was comfortable with a memory , the memory was ruined , and the memory was all he had to stay with .
3137PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> what it really says is that we could think about other people in the sense of two species of self .
3138V N V N V , V N , N V . <eoc> there is a living self that lives in the present and the present , is able to experience the past , but basically the present is present .
3139PRP V N PRP V N V , N V PRP V PRP V PRP . V <eoc> it 's the living self that the doctor 's doctor -- you know , when the doctor says : " does it hurt if you put it up here ? "
3140V N , V PRP V N PRP N , PRP V N V N PRP V N . N <eoc> and then there is a memory self , and the memory self is that it 's going to reduce the gdp and the story of our lives , and it 's a lot of the doctor 's mind by asking the question : " how did you feel in the last time ? "
3141, V PRP N V . N . <eoc> or , " how was your journey to albania ? " or something like that .
3142V N V PRP , V N . <eoc> these are two very different units that live themselves and the memory of self , to confuse part of the way of happiness .
3143, V PRP V N . <eoc> now , remembering self is a storyteller .
3144PRP V N PRP N PRP V . <eoc> and it really starts with a fundamental reaction to our memories -- it starts immediately .
3145PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we don 't just tell stories if we do about telling stories .
3146PRP N V PRP N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> our memory tells us stories , which means what we 're allowed to hold from our experience .
3147V PRP V N . <eoc> and let me start with an example .
3148V N . <eoc> there 's an old study .
3149V N V N . <eoc> these are real patients who are getting a painful procedure .
3150N V N . PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i 'm not going to go to the detail . it 's not painful anymore , but it was painful when this trial was done in the 1990s .
3151PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> they were asked to report every 60 seconds above their pain .
3152V N . V PRP N . <eoc> and here are two patients . these are their records .
3153PRP V , N V . N <eoc> and they 're asked , " who of two had suffered ? "
3154V N . <eoc> and that 's a very simple question .
3155N V N . PRP N V , N , N V N . <eoc> patient b has clearly suffered . his glory was longer , and every minute of pain , the patient a had patient b and more .
3156V N V N V PRP V . N <eoc> but now there 's another question : " how very thought these patients were suffering that they were suffering ? "
3157V N . <eoc> and here 's a surprise .
3158N V N V N V N . <eoc> and the surprise is that patients have a much worse balance on the coloring in terms of looking for patient b.
3159N V , N V PRP V . <eoc> the stories of darics were different , and because a very important part of the story is how it ends .
3160N V , PRP V . <eoc> and none of these stories are very vibrant , or great -- but one of them is that clear .
3161PRP V N . <eoc> but one of them is clearly worse than the other .
3162V N V N PRP N . PRP V N . <eoc> and the one who was worse is the where the pain was at the end of his peak . it 's a bad story .
3163V PRP V . <eoc> how do we know that ?
3164PRP V N PRP N , N V , N V . N <eoc> because we asked these people to their gut mirror , and also a lot later , " how bad was the whole thing to do ? "
3165PRP V N . <eoc> and she was much worse for a as for b in the hood .
3166, V N PRP . <eoc> well , this is a direct conflict between the living self and memory itself .
3167N , N V N . <eoc> from a view of the living self , a worse time had a worse time .
3168, PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> now , what you could do with a patient , and we actually did clinical experiments , and it was made , and it works , you could actually make the eye contact with the patient in a very simple way without shaking it .
3169V N V , N . <eoc> that will lead that the patient is suffering , but only a little bit less than before .
3170PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and if you do that for a few minutes , you 've been able to do that the living self is worse off the patient itself , and you 've got a lot better history for your experience .
3171V N . <eoc> so what does a story draw from ?
3172V N V PRP , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and this is true for the stories that puts us , and it 's also true for the stories we invent .
3173V N V N , N . <eoc> and what 's a story is about reforming , significant moments and end .
3174N V , N V N . <eoc> the very important is very , very important and in this case is dominated by the end .
3175, V N V PRP N . <eoc> well , living self is continuously moving around its life .
3176PRP V N , N . <eoc> it has moments of life , one after another .
3177PRP V , V N . <eoc> and you ask , what happens to these moments ?
3178N V . PRP V . <eoc> and the answer is really simple . they 're always lost .
3179N , N PRP N V PRP V N V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> i mean , most of the moments of our lives -- and i think that 's what -- you know the psychological present is about six seconds , and most of you don 't leave a trace .
3180PRP V N PRP . <eoc> most of you are completely ignored by memory itself .
3181, PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and yet , you get the impression that you should count that what 's happening during this eye view of life .
3182PRP V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's the limited resource that we use while we are in the world .
3183PRP V PRP V , V N V PRP . <eoc> and how we use it might be important , but that 's not the story that keeps remembering it .
3184PRP V PRP V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> so we have reminded of ourselves and the living themselves , and they 're really quite different .
3185N PRP V N . <eoc> the biggest difference between them is about time .
3186N , PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> from the way of the living self , if you have a holiday and the second week , the second week is just as good as the first , then the two week vacation is twice as good as the hourweek vacation .
3187PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> it doesn 't work at all the rest of itself .
3188N , N V N , V N . <eoc> for the remember , a two-week vacation is barely better than the week vacation , because there 's no new memories .
3189PRP V N . <eoc> they haven 't changed the story .
3190N , N V N V N PRP . N V N . <eoc> and in this way , time is the critical variable that is actually different from a living self from a living self . time has a very little influence on it .
3191, V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> now , to remind myself that makes more than remember what they do and tell stories .
3192PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V , V N V . <eoc> it 's actually the one that makes decisions , because if you have a patient , which is , we have two dark-mirror two different surgeons and choosing what 's going to be elected and that 's the surgeon being selected .
3193V N . <eoc> the living self has no voice in this choice .
3194PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> we actually don 't choose between experience . we choose between memories of experiences .
3195PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and even when we think about the future , we don 't think about our future as any experience .
3196PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we think about our future after prereviewing memories .
3197, PRP V , PRP V , N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and basically , you can look at this , you know , as a tyranny of memory self , and you can think of understanding of self as a one that is kind of living through experience that i don 't need the living self .
3198N V N PRP V N , V , PRP V N . <eoc> i have the impression that if we 're doing a holiday on vacation , that 's what 's called , we 're preparing vacation of all the services of memory .
3199V N , V . <eoc> and that 's a little hard to justify , i think .
3200N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i mean , how do we worship our memories ?
3201V N V PRP . <eoc> this is one of the explanations that will be given to the dominance of memories itself .
3202V , V N PRP V N , V N V , V N V N . <eoc> and if i think about this , i think about a holiday that we did in antarctica a few years ago , which was clearly the best vacation i 've ever had , and i think quite often in relation to other than i think of other vacation .
3203N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> and i probably have taken from my memories to this three-week journey , i would say about 25 minutes in the last four years .
3204, N V N , N V N . <eoc> now , if i ever opened the photo folder , with 600 pictures would have spent another hour .
3205, V N , V N . <eoc> well , these are three weeks , and that 's just a half hours .
3206V N . <eoc> there seems to be an disagreement .
3207, V N , PRP V , N V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> now , i may be a little extreme , you know , how little appetite i have on the grateful of memories , but even if you give you experiences as much weight in the weight that we experience ?
3208V PRP V N . <eoc> so i want you to think about a thought experiment .
3209V PRP N , PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> imagine your next holiday , you know that at the end of the vacation will all get out of your vacation , and you get an amnesitic drug so that you 're not remembered by anything .
3210, PRP V N . <eoc> well , would you choose the same holidays ?
3211PRP V N , V N PRP N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you choose a different vacation , there 's a conflict between your two species of self and you have to think about how to decide that conflict , and that 's really not obvious , because if you think of the memories of memories may be a different answer .
3212PRP V N PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> why we select the vacation of us who we pick is a problem that provides us with a choice between the two species .
3213, N V N . <eoc> well , the two types of self will throw two words from happiness .
3214V N PRP V , N . <eoc> there are actually two concepts of happiness that we can use , one per self .
3215PRP V , V N . <eoc> so you can ask , how happy is the living self ?
3216PRP V N V N PRP . <eoc> and then you would ask : how happy are the moments of living in the living self ?
3217PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they 're all -- happiness for eyelook is a fairly complicated process .
3218V N V . <eoc> what are the emotions that can be measured ?
3219, N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and , by the way , we 're now capable of getting a pretty good idea of the happiness of the living itself over time .
3220PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you ask for the happiness of memory , it 's a very different thing .
3221PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's not about how happy person lives .
3222PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> it 's like satisfied or joy that person is when this person thinks about their life .
3223N . <eoc> very different term .
3224N V N V N , N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> everybody who doesn 't make these terms is not different from the process of happiness , and i have to belong to a lot of researchers about well-being that are taking the exploration of happiness long on the same way .
3225N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the distinction between the happiness of the living self and the happiness of memory has been recognized in the last few years , and now you 're trying to measure the two separate .
3226N V N V N V PRP N , PRP N , V N . <eoc> the gallup organization has a global survey where more than half a million people have been asked questions about what they think about their lives , and there were other efforts , and there was other efforts .
3227N , PRP V N . <eoc> so in the last few years , we started learning about the happiness of both species of self .
3228N PRP V , V , V PRP V . <eoc> and the main lesson that we do , i think , learned that they 're really different .
3229PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> you can know how happy someone is with his life , and it doesn 't really tell much how happy he lives in his life and vice versa .
3230V PRP N , N V . <eoc> just to give you an impression about the correlation , correlation is about .5 .
3231V PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> what that means is that if you meet somebody , and you would say you , oh , your father is a two-meter man , how much would you know about his size ?
3232, PRP V N PRP N , V N . <eoc> well , you would know something about its size , but there 's a lot of uncertainty .
3233PRP V N . <eoc> they have so much uncertainty .
3234N V PRP N V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V PRP N PRP . <eoc> when i tell you that somebody is going to be an eight on a scale of 10 , they have a lot of uncertainty about how happy he is with his living with his living themselves .
3235N V . <eoc> so the correlation is small .
3236PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> we know something about what the happiness of happiness itself .
3237PRP V N V , N V . <eoc> we know that money is very important , goals are very important .
3238PRP V N V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we know that happiness is mainly means to be satisfied with people that we like time to spend time with people we like .
3239V N , PRP V N . <eoc> there are other pleasures , but it 's dominating .
3240PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so if you want to maximize the happiness of the two species of self , you 're going to do very different things .
3241N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> the implication of what i said here is that we 're really not supposed to be able to imagine happiness as a substitute for well-being .
3242PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a completely different term .
3243, N PRP V N V PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> well , quite quickly , another reason we can 't think about happiness is that we don 't think about the same things when we think about life , and when we actually live .
3244PRP V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> so if you ask the simple question , how happy people are in california they 're not going to get the right answer .
3245PRP V N , PRP V N V N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you ask that question , you think people have to be happier in california when they say , we 're going to live in ohio .
3246V PRP V N , PRP V N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and what happens is that if you think about life in california , you think about the difference between california and other places , and that difference is , we say in climate .
3247, PRP V N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> well , it turns out that climate is not very important for the living self , and it 's not even very important for the rethinking self that decides how happy people are .
3248, N V PRP , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but now , because the memorable self is responsible , you can at the end -- some of you could draw at the end of california .
3249PRP V N V N V N V . <eoc> and it 's kind of interesting to track what happens to people who move to california in hope to be happier .
3250, PRP N V . <eoc> well , your alive is not going to be happier .
3251PRP V . <eoc> we know that .
3252N V . PRP V PRP V , PRP V PRP , N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but one thing is going to happen . you 'll think they 're happier , because if you think about it , how terrible the weather in ohio was , and you will feel that you 've met the right decision .
3253PRP V N , V N V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> it 's very hard to think about well-being , and i hope i 've given you a sense of how difficult it is .
3254N . <eoc> thanks .
3255N PRP . V N PRP . <eoc> thank you . i have a question for you .
3256N . <eoc> thanks .
3257, PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> now , when we put a couple of weeks ago , they told me that there was a pretty interesting result that came out of this gallup poll .
3258V N PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> is that something that you can share with us , because you have a couple of minutes ?
3259N . <eoc> daniel khneone : sure .
3260N , N PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> i think , the most interesting result that we found in the gallup survey is a number that we didn 't expect absolutely to be .
3261PRP V N . <eoc> we found that in terms of the happiness of the living self .
3262PRP V N V N . <eoc> if we looked at how feelings are generalized with income .
3263PRP V N , N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> and it turns out that under an income of 60,000 dollars a year , for americans , and this is a very large sample of americans , about 600,000 , but there 's a great representative sample between $ 600,000 in a year .
3264N . <eoc> 60,000 .
3265N . <eoc> dl : 60,000 .
3266N V N , PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> 60,000 dollars in the year are people unhappy , and they become increasingly unmarried , the poorer they are .
3267PRP V N . <eoc> we get an absolutely flat line .
3268V , V N . <eoc> i mean , i rarely saw that flat lines .
3269V N V N , N V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> what happens is obviously that money doesn 't make any experience , but that lack of money is secure , and we can measure this misery , very clear .
3270N , V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> in the sense of the other self , remembering self , they get another story .
3271N PRP V PRP . <eoc> the more money you deserve the more happy you .
3272PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not true for emotions .
3273N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> but danny , in the entire american world is about life , freedom , the pursuit of happiness .
3274N V N , V PRP V N , N PRP V , N , . <eoc> if people would take this evidence seriously , i mean it seems to put everything on the head , everything we believe , for example , in terms of tax policy and so on .
3275V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> is there a chance that politicians that the country would take a certificate like that seriously would and do based on politics ?
3276N PRP V , V N V N . <eoc> dk : you know , i believe that there are recognition for the role of happiness research in politics .
3277N V N , N , N V PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> the recognition is slow to be in the united states , no question , but in the u.k. is it just happening in other countries they 're just right now .
3278N V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> people are doing to realize that they should think of happiness when they think about politics .
3279PRP V N , N V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's going to take a while , and people will argue whether they want to explore whether they want to explore , whether they want to explore life review , so we have to have this discussion quite soon .
3280N V PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> how to improve happiness is very different depending on how you think and whether you think it might think or whether you think about the living self .
3281V N , V , N . <eoc> that 's going to affect politics , i think , in the next few years .
3282N , PRP V N . <eoc> in the united states , you 're going to be serious about measuring the experience of the population .
3283V , V , N . <eoc> this is going to be , i think , in the next one or two decades of the national statistics .
3284, PRP V PRP , N , V N . <eoc> well , it seems to me , this topic , or should be at least the most interesting political debate about the next few years .
3285N PRP V N . <eoc> thank you for the invention of behavioral economics .
3286N PRP , N . <eoc> thank you , danny kay .
3287N . V N . <eoc> i 'm jane mcgonigal . i design video games .
3288N V N , PRP N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> i develop online games for 10 years of online , and my goal for the next decade is it just as easy to do the world in reality of how to save in online games .
3289N V N . N V N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> i have a plan for this . i want to convince more people , including all of them to spend more time with play bigger and more empty games .
3290PRP V N . <eoc> now we spend three billion hours a week with online play .
3291PRP V , V N . N <eoc> some of you may think , " that 's a whole lot of time for games . "
3292N PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> maybe something too much time when you think how many problems we have to solve in the real world .
3293N , PRP N , V N . <eoc> but in fact , in my research at the institute of the future , is exactly the opposite .
3294N V N . <eoc> three billion hours a week are not nearly enough to solve the most urgent problems in the world .
3295N , V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , i 'm convinced that if we want to survive the next century on this planet , we need to increase that time dramatically .
3296N V PRP V N . <eoc> i calculated that it took time in 21 billion hours a week .
3297V N , V PRP V PRP V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> this seems to be a little bit more honest , so i repeat it to be : if we want to solve problems like hunger , poverty , climate change for at least 21 billion hours a week , to play the next decade .
3298, V . <eoc> no , i 'm really serious .
3299. N V N V N V N . <eoc> why ? this particular picture describes pretty much why i believe that games are so essential for the survival of human species in the future . seriously .
3300V N . <eoc> this is a portrait of the photographer phil tokyo .
3301PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> he wanted to catch the emotions in games , so he was building a camera in front of the player .
3302V N . <eoc> this is one of the classic expressions of play .
3303PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you 're not a player , you might get some of the nuances in this picture .
3304PRP V N , N , N , N , V N . <eoc> you probably see this sense of urgency , something fear , but also equal concentration , in the solving of a really difficult problem , in solving a very difficult problem .
3305PRP V , PRP V N V N , N V N . N V N . <eoc> if you 're playing , you see a few nuances here who are on top of the upper eyes , and the mouth are a sign of optimism . the eyebrows have surprise .
3306V N V N . <eoc> this is a player who 's on the edge of something called epilinger .
3307, PRP V . N . PRP V N . <eoc> oh , you know that . ok . so we have some players here .
3308N V N V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> a epic victory is a result that 's so amazingly positive is that they didn 't know it was possible at all .
3309PRP V N . <eoc> it was almost beyond the imagination .
3310PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V N . V N . <eoc> and if they get it , they 're shocked that they 're actually something like this . this is an epivictory .
3311N V N . <eoc> and this player is a brief victory of a epic .
3312V PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and this is what we need to see on millions of faces of problem-solving in all over the world , if we take the world 's barriers in attack , the face of people , the contrary of all the widities at the edge of an episcab .
3313, PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> well , unfortunately , we see this face of the real life , if we face hard problems .
3314N V PRP N , N V N . PRP V PRP N , PRP V . N . <eoc> i call it as the " life , i 'm bad " face . and it 's actually my face , you see ? yes ? ok .
3315V N V N V N . N <eoc> that 's what i 'm doing " in life i 'm bad " face . "
3316V N PRP N , N , N V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> this is a graffiti in my former home in berkeley , california , where i looked at my ph.d. studying why we are more better than in real life .
3317V N V N . <eoc> that 's a problem that has many players .
3318PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we think we 're not as good in the reality of play .
3319V N , V . <eoc> and i don 't just mean less successful , even though that 's one .
3320PRP V N . N V N V N , V N . <eoc> we get more to play . i mean very good at the context of motivation to do something significant , inspired by collaboration .
3321PRP V N , V PRP V PRP N , N V , V N V N . <eoc> if we 're in a game world , i think many of us turn into our best version , anytime and immediately , are intractable to solve the problem , as long as necessary to try to solve again for failure again .
3322N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and in reality , when we fail when we go through obstacles , we 're often feeling different .
3323PRP V . PRP V . PRP V , . <eoc> we feel overwhelmed . we feel defeated . we feel threatened , maybe depressed , frustrated or cynical .
3324N PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> these feelings we never have when we play games , they don 't just play .
3325V N V N . <eoc> and that 's what i wanted to investigate as a graduate student .
3326V PRP V , V PRP V N . <eoc> why is it possible to play , thinking , you couldn 't just achieve anything ?
3327V PRP V N . <eoc> how do we translate these feelings from games into reality ?
3328V N V N V N . <eoc> so i looked at games like the world of warcraft that offers the ideal environment for collaborative problem-solving .
3329N V N V N . <eoc> and i 've been able to find some things that are epic capable of doing this available online worlds .
3330, PRP V N , N , V N V PRP V N . <eoc> so , first , if you get in one of these online games , especially in the world of warcraft , there 's a lot of different characters who are willing to trust them a global mission and immediately .
3331N , N V PRP N , . <eoc> but not just any mission , but a mission that fits perfectly to your current level in play , right ?
3332PRP V . <eoc> so they do that .
3333PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> you never get a task that you can 't solve .
3334N PRP N , PRP V , V N . <eoc> but always on the edge of their skills , so they have to work , but there are no unemployment in the world of warcraft .
3335PRP V N V N . PRP V N . <eoc> you don 't sit around and spin . it 's always very specific to do something important .
3336V N . <eoc> and there are weeping workers .
3337PRP V , N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> wherever they go , hundreds of thousands of people who work with them to end their epic mission .
3338PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> we don 't have the real life in the real life , that feeling that there is a finger pulsing mating staff .
3339V N , N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and there is this epic story , this inspirational story why we are and what we have to do .
3340PRP V N . <eoc> then we get this whole positive feedback .
3341PRP V N , N . N <eoc> they 're determined by " level up " and " + 1 strength , " or " - 1 intelligence . "
3342N V N . <eoc> that constant feedback doesn 't exist in real life .
3343V N , V N , N , N . <eoc> if i leave that stage , i don 't speak : plus 1 , and + 1 insane idea , + 20 kooks idea .
3344V N . <eoc> i don 't get in the real world of this feedback .
3345, N V N V PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so , the problem of cooperative online worlds is like the world of warcraft is that it 's so satisfying to stand at any time on the edge of an epic that we 're rather than spending our time in these game worlds .
3346PRP V N . <eoc> they 're just better than the reality .
3347N , N V N V N . <eoc> until today , all the world of warcraft players are 5.93 million years to solve the virtual problems of uduh .
3348V N . <eoc> that 's not necessarily a bad thing .
3349PRP V . <eoc> it might sound nasty .
3350V PRP N , N , PRP N V . <eoc> but to see it at the context , 5.93 million years ago , our first primate ancestors started walking upright .
3351N V . <eoc> so the first one is primate .
3352N , PRP V PRP V N , V N PRP V N V . <eoc> ok , so if we talk about how much time we spend on play with games , this is just what you think time in terms of the scale of human development in terms of the scale of the human development is extraordinary .
3353PRP V . PRP V PRP V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> but it also appropriate . because it turns out that we 're using all the time on play , actually change what we 're able to do as humans .
3354PRP V N , N . <eoc> we 're developing to communal thinking , arrest .
3355V N . V PRP . <eoc> that 's the truth . i believe it .
3356V N V N V N V N . <eoc> now consider this interesting statistic recently published by the carnegie mellon student university : the average young man of today in a country with great play culture has spent 10,000 hours with online play to the 21st year .
3357, N V N , N . <eoc> so , 10,000 hours is a very interesting number , for two reasons .
3358, N , N V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> first of all , for kids in the united states , 10.080 hours of the space that they spend in school , from the fifth grade -- if you never miss .
3359PRP V N V N PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> so we have a full parallel education of the way that young people learn how it means to be a good player , like everything else they 're learning in school .
3360PRP V N , N . <eoc> and maybe some of you have read the new book of malcolm gladwell , " overflying .
3361PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> so you know his theory of success , the theory of success of 10,000 hours .
3362PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's based on the great research of cognitive science , that if we spend 10,000 hours with the healing study of any subject to the 21st year , we 're going to master it .
3363PRP V N . <eoc> we 're going to be so good at doing whatever the most important people in the world .
3364PRP V N , N . <eoc> so what we have here is a complete generation of young people , the master player .
3365N V , V N . N <eoc> so the big question is , " what are the great players ? "
3366PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> because if we could figure it out , we would never have a human potential before .
3367N PRP V N V N . <eoc> so many people we have now in the world who spend at least one hour per day with online play .
3368V PRP N . N V N . N <eoc> this is our masterpiece player . 500 million people who are incredibly good in " something . "
3369N , PRP V N , V . <eoc> and in the next decade , we have another billion players , which are extraordinarily good in whatever .
3370PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you haven 't heard it yet .
3371N V N V N , N , N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> the games industry are developed the energy saving energy and work on mobile networks , instead of broadband internet , so players around the world , especially in india , china , brazil can play online .
3372PRP V N . <eoc> you expect an extra billion players in the next decade .
3373PRP V N . <eoc> so we have 1.5 billion players at total .
3374V , V PRP V N . <eoc> so i started thinking , what is what it is to make these games .
3375V N V . N . <eoc> here are the four things that i found . as first : urgent : urgent optimism .
3376N , V PRP N . <eoc> ok , imagine it as extreme self-incentives .
3377N V N , V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> urgent optimism is the desire to do something , immediately , to master a barrier , together with believing that we have an open-ended hope of success .
3378N V N V , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> players always believe that an epidedness is possible , and it 's always worth trying to do it and it 's equal .
3379N V . <eoc> players are not around .
3380N V N . <eoc> players are masters in the avian democratic nets .
3381V N V PRP V N PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> there 's a lot of interesting studies that show that we 're getting people more after we played with them , even if they 've been harbeaten us .
3382N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> the reason for that is that it requires a lot of trust to play a game .
3383PRP V N V PRP N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> we trust that someone has spent time with us that the rules are given that we have the same goal and to stay in the game .
3384PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> so it allows these games to grow with bonds , trust and each other .
3385N , PRP V N . <eoc> as a result , we build stronger social relationships .
3386N . N . <eoc> happy productivity . fantastic !
3387PRP V , V N V N , N . <eoc> you know , there 's a reason why the average word of warcraft players are two hours per week , as a subset job .
3388N V PRP V , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> the reason is that when we play , we 're actually happier to work hard when we relax or nothing .
3389PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we know that we 're going to work as a human nature , if we do hard work .
3390N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and gamers are always ready to work hard , if they get the right task .
3391, N . <eoc> and finally , epic meaning .
3392N V PRP V N . <eoc> players love it to become part of awe-land mission .
3393V N V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> here 's a background information to back to the right lights , and you know all the wikipedia , the largest wiki in the world .
3394N , N , N V N . <eoc> the second largest wiki in the world , with almost 80,000 entries , the world of warcraft silk .
3395N V PRP N . <eoc> five million people use it every month .
3396PRP V N V N . <eoc> they 've collected more information about the world of warcraft on the internet than anything else is in every other crisp of the world .
3397PRP V N . <eoc> they create an epistory .
3398PRP V N V N . <eoc> they 're creating an epic source of knowledge about the world of warcraft .
3399N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> ok , so these are four superpowers , which lead to a single outcome : players are super-powerful , hopeful individuals .
3400PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's people who believe that they can change as a single world .
3401N V PRP V PRP V N , N . <eoc> and the only problem is they believe you can change the virtual worlds , but not the real thing .
3402V N V . <eoc> that 's the problem i 'm trying to solve .
3403N V N . <eoc> edward castrorga is a graduate scientist .
3404PRP N V . PRP V N V N . <eoc> his work is brilliant . he studied why people spend so much time and energy and money in online worlds .
3405PRP V , N PRP V N . N <eoc> and he says , " we 're going to be a witness of not less than a mass outbreak in virtual worlds and online toys . "
3406N . PRP V . <eoc> and this from an economist . so he 's logical .
3407PRP V <eoc> and he says ...
3408N V N , V N . <eoc> not like i -- i develop games , i 'm a little bit overcold .
3409PRP V , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> so he says , it really makes sense , because players can reach in online worlds than in real life .
3410PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> they can make stronger social ties as a real life , and they get more feedback and rewards in games than in real life .
3411, PRP V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so , he says , it 's a completely logical fact that players are more time in the virtual world than in real life .
3412N V , V N . <eoc> i 'm just saying , i think that 's logical .
3413PRP V N . <eoc> but it 's definitely not an optical situation .
3414PRP V N . <eoc> we need to start turning the real world into a game .
3415PRP N V N V N . <eoc> my inspiration comes from an event that 's 2,500 years back .
3416V N , N . PRP V . <eoc> there are these ancient cubes , from sheep . you know ?
3417N , PRP V N . <eoc> before this fantastic game controller , it gave birth to enemies .
3418V N V N . <eoc> and these were sort of the first of people developed games .
3419PRP V N , PRP V N . N V . <eoc> and if you 're familiar with the work of the ancient greek historian heroics , you might know this story . the story about how and why games were invented .
3420PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> they have been games of heroin , more realms , in the kingdom of jails during famine .
3421PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> he thought there was such a great famine that the king of lyi decided to go into a crazy idea .
3422N V . N V . <eoc> people suffered . people fought .
3423PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it was an extreme situation . you needed an extreme solution .
3424PRP V , N , N V N , PRP V N . N PRP V . <eoc> so they invented , according to heroin , the box game and united states was a national strategy -- one day , you would eat . the next day you would play .
3425PRP V N , N V PRP N , N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they would be stuck in the box as well , because games are so fascinating and our satisfying , happy productivity surrounded with happiness that they would forget that there was nothing too .
3426N , PRP V , N PRP V . <eoc> and then the next day , you would play , and the next day you would eat .
3427N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and according to heroin report that they lived so for 18 years of this famine by eating those for a day and the next .
3428N , V PRP V N . <eoc> in the same way , i think we 're going to play a game today .
3429PRP V N V N . <eoc> we 're playing games to escape the suffering of the real world .
3430PRP V N V N , N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we 're going to play a lot of things that don 't work in the real world , everything that 's not satisfying in real life , and we get what we need from play .
3431PRP V N . <eoc> but it doesn 't have to be the end .
3432V . <eoc> that 's exciting .
3433PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> it was not better , after 18 years of famine was not better , so the king was going to sit down a final box game .
3434PRP V N . <eoc> they divided the kingdom into two .
3435PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> they were playing a box game , and the treasans were allowed to break into an epic adventure .
3436PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> they were leaving lydas , and they were looking for a new home , and they were just so many people to go back to the survive and they were looking for the rest of the rest in which they could thrive .
3437V , . <eoc> that sounds crazy , right ?
3438N V N V N V N . <eoc> but most recent dna evidence show that the etscyker who later put the roman empire -- the same dna as the ancient lydiits .
3439N , N V N V . <eoc> so scientists recently , scientists recently realized that heroin paper story is true .
3440N V N V N V . <eoc> and geologists found evidence of a global hypothermia that took almost 20 years to explain what famine could do .
3441N V . <eoc> so this crazy story could be true .
3442PRP V PRP N , V N , V N V PRP V N . <eoc> maybe they actually saved their people through games , by making 18 years of games , and then had these intuitions and so much about the other thing that they learned to do the entire civilization .
3443, PRP V . <eoc> so , we can do that .
3444PRP V N . <eoc> we 've been playing on forestry papers .
3445V N , V N . <eoc> that was the first strategic game in real time in the world of warcraft series , which was 16 years ago .
3446PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they played in 18 years of games , we 've been playing on warcraft for 16 years .
3447N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i say we 're ready for our own epic game .
3448, PRP V N PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> so , they sent half their civilization to search for a new world , so i 'm going to take my 21 billion play hours a week .
3449PRP V N PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we should have income in income that half of us have spent an hour a day with games until we solved the problems of the real world .
3450N V PRP V , V PRP V N . N V PRP N . <eoc> i know you 're going to ask , " how do we solve the world 's problems in games ? " and that 's exactly that question i 've been dedicated to my work in the last few years at the institute .
3451PRP V N PRP N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we have this banner in our office in palo alto , it turns out how we should understand the future .
3452PRP V N . <eoc> we don 't want to try to say the future before .
3453PRP V N . <eoc> what we want is to create the future .
3454PRP V N . N V N . <eoc> we want to introduce the best possible results . and then people can implement this idea in reality .
3455PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> we 're hiring epigamsy and giving people the ability to achieve them .
3456N V PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> i 'm going to show you three games that i 've designed to try to get people in their own future .
3457V N . N <eoc> this is " world without oil . "
3458N V . <eoc> the game is from 2007 .
3459PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's an online game where you need to overcome an oil scarcity .
3460N V , PRP V N V PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> the oil scarcity is invented , but we have enough online content to be realistic for them and they 're actually making their real life without the oil , and so when they 're going to do it and they 're hiring videos on their own videos or photography .
3461PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we tested this game with 1,700 players in 2007 , and we 've been accompanied it over the last three years .
3462N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> and i can tell you , it was a changing experience .
3463N V PRP N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> no one wants to change his life because it 's good for the environment or because we should be .
3464PRP V N , PRP V , V PRP V N . N <eoc> but if you 're in a epic adventure , and you say , " we 're going to go out of oil . "
3465V N PRP V . <eoc> this is a fascinating adventure you 're doing .
3466V PRP V . PRP N V N . <eoc> find out how they would survive . most of our players have committed habits .
3467PRP V N , V N . <eoc> so we have a bigger game for the next world record game , higher the target than only oil scarcity .
3468PRP V N . <eoc> we 've developed the game superforce ct at the institute for the future .
3469N V N V N V N . <eoc> the point is that the calculation of a supercomputer is that people have only got 23 years on the planet .
3470N V N , N . <eoc> this supercomputer is called " global morph system , " of course .
3471N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> the call for players to sign themselves , we almost like a " jerery brother design film .
3472PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> you know jerry brickhem movies , where it 's called " dream team , " you have the astronauts , the scientists , the ex-beaches and only together you can save the world .
3473PRP N , N , PRP V , N V N , PRP V PRP N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> but in our game , instead of only five people , we say , everyone is in the reception team , and it 's our job , to create the future for energy , food , health , security and the future of social justice .
3474N V N . <eoc> 8,000 players played the game eight weeks .
3475PRP V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> they found 500 incredibly creative solutions that they can read when they 're googled .
3476N V PRP V N . PRP V N V N . <eoc> and the last game we bring out the third of march . it 's a game working with the world bank .
3477PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> if you finish the game , you get the award of social change , " social degree , " by 2010 .
3478PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 're working with universities in sub-saharan africa , and they 're building a social change in the world .
3479PRP V N . PRP V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> we have a comic . we have a comic strip , for regional knowledge , sustainability , vision , vision and ingenuity .
3480N V PRP V N , N , N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> i want to invite you all to share this game with young people , anywhere in the world , especially in developmental areas , which benefit from being together to give their own social enterprises to save the world .
3481N V . <eoc> i 'm going to end .
3482N V PRP N . <eoc> i want to ask you something .
3483V PRP V . <eoc> what do you think happens next ?
3484PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> we have all these fantastic players , we have games that show us what we can do , but we haven 't saved the real world yet .
3485, V PRP V PRP N V N PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> well , i hope you agree with me that players are human resources that we can use to work in real life , and games have a great meaning for change .
3486PRP V N , N , N V N , N . <eoc> we have these whole superpowers , happy productivity , the ability to identify close social networks , urgent optimism and desire for epimeaning .
3487N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> i really hope that we 're playing together with major games to survive on this planet .
3488V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and i hope you will design with me and play .
3489V N , N V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if i look forward to the next decade , i 'm sure that we can create any sense of the future , and we can play all kinds of games .
3490V , V N V N . <eoc> so i say , let 's start the world shifting world games !
3491N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
3492N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> i would like to tell you something about what i noticed a couple of months ago to write an article in theory .
3493N V PRP N , N V N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i 've always been writing my synonymical dictionary , but i was done with the development of the text , and i noticed that i never went back in my life what the word " disabled means .
3494N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'll read you the post .
3495N , N , N , N , V , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> " disabled , " admiral : " spitting , helpless , useless , destroyed , failure , withdrawn , the failure , of course , and , of course , useless , unsolicited , of course , useless and weak .
3496N , . N <eoc> musyme : healthy , strong , powerful . "
3497N V N , PRP V , PRP V , N V , V PRP V N . <eoc> i read this list of a friend , and it had to laugh , it was so ridiculous , but i was just going to come up to the " and the most successful , and it 's successful emotional shock .
3498N , V N , N V N V N . <eoc> of course , this was a raging , old synamam dictionary , and i just thought that this must have been a pretty old thing .
3499N , N V N , V PRP N PRP N , N PRP . <eoc> but in fact , there was a copy in the early 80s when i started just starting with elementary school , and started to build my self-image outside my family area , also in relation to other children and the rest of the world around me .
3500N V N V N . <eoc> and god didn 't use synonymill dictionary at that time .
3501V N , N V N V N V N V , V . <eoc> would i take this one seriously , i would be born in a world that someone like me as a person would be able to be positive in any life in any way , but i 'm going to have experienced .
3502V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> so i immediately started the online copy of 2009 , and i think we 're going to find a professional contribution here .
3503V N . <eoc> here 's the current version of this unfolding .
3504, PRP V . <eoc> unfortunately , she 's not much better .
3505, N V N . N <eoc> in particular , the last two words under " near musars " " and " healthy . "
3506PRP V N . <eoc> but it 's not just about the words .
3507PRP V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about what we think about people we think about these words .
3508PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about the values that are in these words , and how we construct this values .
3509PRP N V PRP N PRP V N PRP . <eoc> our language affects our beliefs and how we see the world and the people around us .
3510N , V N , V N V N PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> a lot of aging societies , including the greeks and the roman , really believed that the act of a flight force has a big force because what you 're proposing , it can also manifest .
3511, V PRP V N . <eoc> so , what do we really want to manifest -- some disabled people or a powerful person ?
3512V N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> just to describe a human being eight as a child , could be able to put them in front of them and ask them ideas .
3513N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> wouldn 't it be fun to open them doors ?
3514N V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> a man who opened the doors was my child-doctor at an a.ii center in mingmum in delingdice .
3515PRP V N , N , N , PRP V , N V N . PRP V N . <eoc> he 's called dr. kuzendeol , an irish americans , whose name , as you can think most americans don 't know , and so he 's always called dr. pack . "
3516N . V N V N . <eoc> and dr. pom . had always been very colorful flying and was just like created for work with kids .
3517N V N V N , N PRP N . <eoc> i found the time i spent in this hospital , just great -- until my physical therapy .
3518N V N V N , N PRP V PRP N . N V PRP . V PRP . <eoc> i had to take individual training infinitely a lot of time with this thick , elastic power -- in different colors -- you hated it . i hated it . i hated it .
3519V N V N , V N , N V N . <eoc> and imagine i 've even got a five-year-old kid with dr. p.c. , and so i tried to stop this practice , naturally i do without success .
3520N PRP V PRP N V N PRP V PRP , N , N , PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and one day he looked at me at one of my works -- these exercises were just titilted and bountiless -- and he said to me , " wow , aimee , you 're so powerful , powerful and young girls , you 're going to tear one of these clips .
3521PRP V PRP , V PRP N . N <eoc> and if you do it , i 'll give you a hundred dollars . "
3522V N , N V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> this was just a simple trick by dr. pp , so i do the practice that i didn 't want to do , with the chance that became a new eyes of a new eyes of the time and it became a new and promising experience of it .
3523N V PRP N PRP N V PRP N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> and i ask myself how much his vision of me as strong and powerful young girls were shaped my self-image , and i could imagine if one of nature is very strong and refreshing and athistic man .
3524V N , N V N . <eoc> this is just one example of many , as adults in power positions can implement the imagination of a child .
3525V N V PRP N V PRP N V N PRP V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> but how these already have quotes from the synonymous dictionaries show us not to let us see our language to see something that we all want to do is to give it every single person to see ourselves as a powerful person .
3526PRP N V N V N . <eoc> our language is caused by social changes that have been triggered by a technological change .
3527N , PRP V PRP N V N , N V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> from the medical standpoint , you can say that my legs -- the laser surgery for visual surgery is smoking , with a wrist in the world that you choose to choose to group in the world that you chose .
3528, N V N V N , V N V N V , PRP N V . <eoc> so , maybe light is this technological change that 's clear because the thing that there is always a different truth , which is that every human person can be particularly special and very powerful , and that the human capacity is to adapt our biggest plus .
3529N V N V N V PRP V N V N , V , V . <eoc> the human ability to adapt -- this is an interesting story because people always ask me to talk about how i go around and i 'm going to answer the questions of people , and i think , gradually understand why .
3530N V N V N V N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> this sentence from dealing with widities of the idea that success or happiness depends on the challenge of being a challenge without being able to be able with a prosthesis with a prosthesis , or as well as people can perceive me with my disability .
3531N V PRP V , N , PRP V N , PRP V , N . <eoc> but the truth is that we change , of course , we 're from the challenge , whether they 're physically , emotionally or even both .
3532V . <eoc> and i 'm saying that this is good .
3533N V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> widities are not a obstacle that we have to move around to come out with our lives better .
3534N V PRP N . <eoc> widities are just to our lives .
3535N V N PRP N . <eoc> and i tend to see widities as my shadow .
3536V PRP V , PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> sometimes i 'm going to present that he 's very present , sometimes he 's barely going to see , but he 's constantly looking at me .
3537V N V N . <eoc> and i don 't want to put in on the effect of the effect of a human race or the heavy of the sale of a person .
3538V N , V N V , N V PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> there are widities and challenges , and these are just the allegness and every person is different , but the question is not whether we come out with widening or not , but how we get it .
3539PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP , V . <eoc> so we 're not just responsible for the people that we love to preserve before blame salts , but they 're also preparing it , good for sure .
3540PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> and we don 't really savor our kids , if we give them the feeling that they can 't adapt .
3541PRP V N V N , N , N V N V . <eoc> you have to have two things to be clear : to be an individual of the medical fact , and in the other way , the social belief is whether i 'm disabled or not .
3542V , N V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and to be honest , the only real and sustained disability that i had to put together is that the world is always like to describe it with these definitions .
3543PRP N V N V PRP N V PRP N PRP V N V N V . <eoc> in our desire to protect people who are protecting us at heart and to tell them the cool truth about their medical forecast or even a forecast of the quality that someone is actually disabled .
3544N V N V N , PRP V , N . <eoc> maybe the current concept is the moment that looks at what 's broken in a broken , and how we fix this , for every single one more disability than the pathology .
3545PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> if we don 't treat a human being , and we don 't perceive all of his forces and possibilities and acknowledge , we can create in addition to the natural struggle that they might have to lead to another disease .
3546PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> we demoralize one person who has value for our society .
3547PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so we have to look at the patcoder , and we have to focus on all of the human possibilities .
3548, PRP V PRP N PRP N , N . <eoc> most importantly , it 's between the perception of our flaws and our great creations , a connection .
3549PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> we should not deny these challenging times , or denial , we shouldn 't try to avoid them , we should be able to kill them under the carpet , but it 's about to recognize opportunities in the voids .
3550PRP V PRP V N , PRP V PRP V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> it may be more about to imagine that we don 't necessarily have to get past , but we have to be open to give them to hug them to use a shelter term and maybe even dance with it .
3551PRP V N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> and maybe we can see the widities as something natural , consistent and useful , and feel so disconnected from your presence through the presence .
3552N , PRP V N . N , PRP V N , N , PRP N , V N . <eoc> in this year , we celebrate the 200 . birthday of charles darwin , and when he wrote about evolution , darwin wrote , in my eyes , to some very true of human character .
3553N V PRP N , N PRP N , N V . <eoc> i would write it as : not the most powerful of his species , and not the most intelligent of the way , but the ones that can adapt to the best .
3554, N V N . <eoc> so , conflict creativity emerges .
3555N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> not only from darwin 's work we know that the ability of people to survive and flourish is defined by the battle of the human mind is to transform through conflict .
3556, N , N V N . <eoc> so , again , change and adaptions , the great ability of people .
3557PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> and maybe we know what timber is cut when we 're really tested .
3558V N , N , N PRP N . <eoc> perhaps that is exactly the sense of widities , a sense of self , a sense of our own power .
3559PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we can give ourselves a little bit of ourselves .
3560PRP V N V N . <eoc> we can give a new meaning of widities that are beyond severe times .
3561PRP V N . <eoc> maybe we can see widities as change .
3562N V N PRP V . <eoc> widities are for a change that we haven 't yet adapted .
3563N V N PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> i think the biggest damage that we put ourselves together is to believe that we should be normal .
3564N V . <eoc> the truth is -- who is normal ?
3565V . <eoc> there is no normal .
3566V N . N , N , PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> there 's the usual . the typical . but not the normal , and would you really know that poor , gray person really want to know if they really existed ?
3567N V . <eoc> i think rather not .
3568PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it would be great if we could put this paradigm of normality against another of the possibilities or the strength , and then they invite you to do a little bit more dangerous , and then to invite their own special and valuable skills in the society .
3569N V PRP V N PRP N V N . <eoc> yorkers have found that we have always challenged people from the members of our society : to be useful and afford a contribution .
3570V N V N , N V N , V N V N . <eoc> there are evidence that the neanderthals get older people from 60,000 years ago , and people with severe physical injuries and that happened , because the life experience in the survival of these people were valuable to society .
3571PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> they didn 't look at these people as broken and useless ; they were treated as something special and valuable .
3572N , N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> a few years ago , i was in the city where i grew up , in a food market in the " red zone in the northeast of pennsylvania , and i stood there in front of a blade of tomato .
3573PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> it was summer , and i had zimbabwe .
3574V N V , N V N . N <eoc> and i hear like a guy behind mine says , " well if that 's not aimee mullins . "
3575N V N , N V N V N V . <eoc> and i turn around and see this older man , i had no idea who he is .
3576N V , N , PRP V . N V PRP . V <eoc> and i said , " sorry , sir , we know ? i can 't remember them . "
3577PRP V , N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and he said , " well , you may barely remember me .
3578N V PRP N , N V PRP N . N <eoc> when i saw her the first time , i brought her out of the belly of her mother . "
3579, . <eoc> oh , so .
3580N , PRP V N . <eoc> and of course , it did click on click .
3581V N , N V N PRP N , N , N PRP N V N . <eoc> this was dr. kean , a man who i just knew just about my mother 's day , because i was , quite typical , to my birthday two weeks to late birthday .
3582N PRP N V N , PRP N V N V PRP N . <eoc> the doctor for pranatan diagnostics my mother was on holiday , and so my parents knew the man who brought me to the world at all .
3583N V N , PRP N V PRP , V N , N V N . <eoc> and because i was born without guards , and my feet were executed after you , and i had just a few toes on this one and a pair of toes in the other foot , that had had to get the bad news .
3584PRP V PRP , N V PRP N V PRP V , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> he said to me , " i had to tell your parents that you would never walk , and never be able to be able to be as other kids or you could never run an independent life since then you just lie . "
3585N V PRP V N PRP N , V N V PRP N , N , N . <eoc> what i found was that he was collecting newspaper snippets of my entire childhood , whether i won in the second class competition in the second class , whether i was going to get these outmissions and teach his students , medical school from the hahnea medical school and the husband 's medical school .
3586PRP V N PRP N , N , N . <eoc> and he called this part of his crank , x factor , the potential of human being .
3587PRP V N V N . <eoc> you can 't emphasize enough how crucial this factor can be for the quality of life .
3588N V , PRP V , N V N PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . N <eoc> and dr. keon said , he said , " i 've learned that children if they don 't get anything else , and even when they get a little bit of support , then they can reach a lot . "
3589PRP V , N V . <eoc> you see , dr. kean has changed .
3590PRP V N , N V , N V . <eoc> he understood that the medical diagnosis , and as someone deals with , two different things are .
3591N V PRP N , PRP V PRP N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> and i also have changed my thinking in the course of time , if she asked me at age 15 years if i was going to put my prostheses to the legs of flesh and bone , i would never hesitply a second .
3592N V . <eoc> i was really interested in normal .
3593PRP V PRP N , V . <eoc> if you ask me this today , i 'm not so sure .
3594V N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> and that 's what happens because i 've experienced something with my legs , and not despite that experience .
3595N V , N V N V PRP N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and perhaps this change could happen , because i 've been standing in many people who have opened my doors and rather than to meet people who were separating me or i wanted to have an idea .
3596PRP V , PRP V N V PRP V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> you see , it really takes only one person to show them how they can manifest their forces , and they are .
3597PRP V N V PRP N , N V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you allow someone to activate your own internal forces -- the human spirit is so intense -- if you 're building this , and for someone in a key moment , you 're a very good teacher .
3598PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they bring them to open themselves doors .
3599N V N . N <eoc> the real meaning of the word " education " rooted in the word " education . "
3600PRP V N V N . <eoc> it means something creates that in one is to tickle the potential .
3601, N V PRP V . <eoc> again , what potential is we want to call out ?
3602N , N V N , V N . <eoc> in the ' 60s , in the u.k. was done a case study , college was transformed into total schools .
3603PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> they call this the " pre-subject trip " in the u.s. , we call it " tragic . "
3604N V N . <eoc> students are divided up by grades .
3605N V PRP , V N . <eoc> and the one students are getting harder for their own , get the better teachers and so forth .
3606PRP V N , N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V , N V PRP V . <eoc> they 've given about a three-month period of time , with a very smart period , and they gave them a very good note , and they said , they were very smart -- and after these three months they really wrote .
3607N , PRP V N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> and of course , it breaks a heart to hear the heart , the outsider students were told , they 're only enough .
3608N , PRP V N . <eoc> and in the same way , it was after the three months .
3609V N V N . <eoc> but only those who were still in school -- except by the students who were shooting at school .
3610, N V N V . <eoc> so , most crucial in this study was that the teachers didn 't come out .
3611N V N V . <eoc> the teachers didn 't know that something changed .
3612PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> they were just told that these are the senior students and that 's the students with the grade , and they were taught them something and they treated .
3613N V N V , V N . PRP V N . PRP V PRP N , N , PRP N . <eoc> the only real disability is a broken mind a mind that has broken , has no hope . he finds nothing more beautiful . he 's missing our natural , childcare , and our native minds of imagination .
3614PRP V PRP V N , V PRP N V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but if we do it to support the human mind , continue to hope themselves and others around them beautiful and finding out and fantastic , and then we put our forces really positive .
3615N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if a spirit of these qualities is , we can create a new natural reality and new places .
3616N V N V N , N V PRP N , V N , V N PRP . V <eoc> i want to end with a poem that was written by a persian poet named hafiz in the 14th century , and i 'm told my friend jacques demeter is , and this is always about the god of the name , " come with me : come and dance with me . "
3617N , N PRP . V PRP . <eoc> come , dance with me . thank you very much .
3618PRP V PRP V . <eoc> how would you want to be better than you are right now ?
3619N V , N PRP N , N V . <eoc> suppose i said , through few changes of your genes , a better memory could have -- more accurate and more and faster .
3620PRP V , V N . <eoc> or you want to be more powerful , more powerful , have more force .
3621PRP V . <eoc> would you like to be more attractive and confident ?
3622PRP V N . <eoc> how would it be to live longer or good health ?
3623V PRP V N . <eoc> or maybe you 're one of those who always have more creativity .
3624N PRP V . <eoc> which one would you like most ?
3625PRP V PRP V . <eoc> what would you like to have if you could only have one ?
3626N . <eoc> creativity .
3627N V N . <eoc> how many people would choose creativity ?
3628V PRP N . V PRP V . <eoc> raise your hands . let me see .
3629N . V N . <eoc> a couple . probably about how many people there are creative people here .
3630PRP V . <eoc> it 's very good .
3631PRP V N . <eoc> how many would you decide to a good memory ?
3632V N . <eoc> there 's a couple more .
3633N . <eoc> how about fitness ?
3634N . <eoc> a couple less .
3635N . <eoc> what about longevity ?
3636N , N . V N . <eoc> ah , the majority . that 's what i like to be a doctor .
3637PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you could only have one , it would be a whole other world .
3638V PRP N . <eoc> is it all available to education ?
3639V PRP . <eoc> or is it possible ?
3640N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> evolution is a ongoing topic here on the ted conference , but today i want to give you a doctor 's view of a doctor .
3641N , N , V N , V N , N , N V N . N <eoc> the great geneticist in the 20th century , t.gowzaransky , who was also a communist in the russian orthodox church , had an essay on the title , " nothing in biology , doesn 't make sense except in the light of evolution . "
3642, PRP V N V N , V N V PRP N , V N V N PRP . <eoc> now , if you 're one of those who don 't accept the proof of biological evolution , this would be a very good moment to turn out your listening , because nothing else is going to make sense for you .
3643PRP V N , PRP V , V PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> but if you accept biological evolution , you think , is it just about the past , or is it about the future ?
3644V PRP N , V PRP . <eoc> is it for others , or is it for us ?
3645V N . <eoc> this is another view on the tree of life .
3646N , N V N , PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> in this picture , i have a bush as a center of the branches in all directions , because if you look at the edges of the tree of life , all the existing references to the tips of these branches have been successful ; it has survived its environment and sense .
3647N , N , V PRP V . <eoc> the human part of this bug , far at the end , is what we 're most interested in .
3648PRP V N V N . <eoc> we take a common gene from a common ancestor to modern chimpanzees about six or eight million years ago .
3649N , PRP V N . <eoc> in this period of time , it might have 20 or 25 different specialized species of hominids .
3650PRP V . <eoc> some of them have come and left .
3651PRP V N . <eoc> we 've been here for 400,000 years ago .
3652PRP V PRP V N , N , N PRP N V . <eoc> it seems like we 're right away from the other parts of the building , but actually the biggest part , the fundamental mechanisms of our cells are quite similar .
3653V PRP V PRP V N V N V N , V N . <eoc> is that clear that we can use it and create the mechanisms of a common bacteria to produce the protein of human insulin , which is used to treat diabetics ?
3654V N V N V N V N . <eoc> this is not like human insulin ; this is the same protein that is chemically imports from what comes from the pancreas .
3655PRP V N , V PRP V N PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> and while we 're talking about bacteria , are aware that every one of us in our gut are doing more bacteria than there 's cells in the rest of our bodies ?
3656N . <eoc> maybe 10 times as many .
3657N , V PRP V N V PRP N , V PRP V N . <eoc> i mean , do you think if antonio damasio asks for your own picture , do you think about the bacteria ?
3658PRP N V N . <eoc> our gut is a wonderful hospital-wise environment for these bacteria .
3659PRP V , PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it 's warm , it 's dark , it 's very comfortable .
3660PRP V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> and you 're going to give them all nutrients that they could only wish without any effort .
3661PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> it 's really a easier way for bacteria to get a little bit of an unintended result of unintended , jeokh forced to escape .
3662, PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but otherwise , they 're a wonderful environment for these bacteria , as they 're important for their lives .
3663PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they help using the essential nutrients , and they protect them against certain diseases .
3664V N . <eoc> but what will be in the future ?
3665V PRP N . <eoc> are we in a kind of evolutionary equilibrium in a species ?
3666V PRP V N V N . <eoc> or are we definitely going to become something else -- something that might even better be adapted to the environment ?
3667V N V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> let 's take a step back to the big bang from the big bang , 14 billion years ago -- the earth , the solar system , about four and a half billion years ago -- the first of the human species and then finally , the human species in the last 1,000-century .
3668N , N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> in this huge unfinished symphony of the universe , the life on earth is just about measuring the animal kingdom , like a single stroke ; and the human life , a small musical approach , right ?
3669V PRP . <eoc> that 's us .
3670V N , V N V PRP . <eoc> this also represents the personal value of this speech , which is why i hope that i 'd like it .
3671, N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> now , when i was a reong at college , i had my first biology class .
3672N V N . <eoc> i was fascinated with the elegance and beauty of biology .
3673N V N , N V , N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> i fell in love with the power of evolution , and i asked , something very basic : most of the existence of life in single-standard organisms , each cell , and all the genetic information of the cell is going to continue in both expenses cells .
3674N , N V , N V . <eoc> but at the time , as multi-celltic organisms showed up , things began to change .
3675PRP V N . <eoc> it enters the picture of sexual reproduction .
3676N V N , N V N . <eoc> and the important thing about the introduction of sexual reproduction that comes to the genome , the rest of the body becomes deprivation .
3677N , PRP V N PRP N V N . <eoc> in fact , you could say that the inevitable of death of death of our bodies is to occur in evolution in the same moment of sexual reproduction .
3678, N V N V N , N V , N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> now , i have to confess when i was a college student , i thought , okay , sex / death , sex / death , has come to my greater doubt .
3679N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i 've come to understand the emotions of george burn report that lived in las vegas his show in the ' 90s .
3680N , V N PRP N . <eoc> and one night , there 's a pat on his hotel room .
3681PRP V N . <eoc> he opens the door .
3682PRP V N . <eoc> before he 's a beautiful black wiwamy wwgirl 's house .
3683PRP V PRP V , V N . N <eoc> she looks at him and says , " i 'm here for super-sex . "
3684N V , V N , N V N . N <eoc> " that 's wonderful , " says george , " i 'm going to take the soup . "
3685N V N V N V N , N . <eoc> i came to the realization that i was trying to work a target differently than the goal of evolution -- not necessarily a matter of evolution , just different .
3686N V N . <eoc> i tried to preserve the body .
3687V PRP . <eoc> i wanted to keep us healthy .
3688V N . <eoc> i wanted to re-engineer health in illness .
3689N V PRP V N . <eoc> i wanted us to lead a long and healthy life .
3690N V N , N . <eoc> evolution is all about the rest of the genome to the next generation , adaptation and survival generation .
3691N , PRP V , N V N V N V N . <eoc> from an evolutionary standpoint , you 're and i 've developed , like a boomer 's going to send the genetic questionnaire to the next level of orbit to go to the sea .
3692N V PRP V N V N , PRP V , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i think we would all be the mood of getting the woody all of the expression , when he said , " i don 't want to reach through my work .
3693N V PRP V . V <eoc> i want to leave it by not going to die . "
3694N V N . <eoc> evolution doesn 't necessarily mean to prefer life .
3695PRP V , N , . <eoc> it 's not necessarily privileged to be the biggest , the strongest or the fastest , and not even the smartest one .
3696N V N V PRP N . <eoc> evolution privileged to make the creatures that adapt to their environment .
3697PRP V N . <eoc> it 's just the test of survival and success .
3698N V N , N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> and the reason that the ocean is there , bacteria are there , the thermostat , and so that the hot waves will survive because if fish would be there they would have a livable place for us to do it in there .
3699, V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> so , what does that mean when we look back to what 's happening in evolution , and how we think about the space of people in evolution , and especially as we think in the next phase , i would say there are a series of possibilities .
3700V PRP V . <eoc> the first is that we 're not going to evolve .
3701PRP V N . <eoc> we 've reached a form of equilibrium .
3702N V PRP V N , V N V N . <eoc> and the reason for this is that we 've been able to have been done by medicine , there 's been a lot of genes that would be determined and come out of the population from the population .
3703, PRP N V PRP N PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> and secondly , we as a species have our environment so configuring that we 've managed to adapt to us precisely and we adapt to them .
3704N , PRP V , PRP V N PRP V N V N V . <eoc> and by the way , we go and circus , and we mix up so much that they can 't tell longer that isolation is necessary for evolution to find out .
3705N V PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> a second possibility is that it will be an evolution of traditional species , of course , imposed from the forces of nature .
3706N V N V , PRP V . <eoc> and the argument here is that the wheels of evolution are slow down , but they 're untrivial .
3707N V PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and so far the isolation is when we put a species away as a species , it will be isolated and the change of the environment that could produce evolution in natural ways .
3708V N , N . <eoc> but there is a third possibility , a compelling , fascinating and terrifying possibility .
3709N V PRP N , N V , PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> i call it neo-evolution -- the new development , not just of course , but it leads us as an individual to the decisions we do .
3710, V . <eoc> now , how did this happen ?
3711PRP V PRP V . <eoc> how could it be possible that we do this ?
3712V N V N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> now let 's look at the reality that people today , in some cultures make decisions about their offspring .
3713PRP V , N , N V N . <eoc> they are , in some cultures , the choice to have more men than women .
3714PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not necessarily good for society , but it 's what the individual and the family .
3715V PRP V N PRP N V N V N V N . <eoc> so think if it 's not only possible to choose the gender of your child but also to use the body to heal the diseases and prevent disease and prevent disease .
3716PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> what if they could make the genetic changes to remove diabetes or alzheimer 's , or reduce reducing the cancer risk or stroke ?
3717N PRP V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> wouldn 't you want to do it to make these changes in your genes ?
3718PRP V , N V . <eoc> when we look forward , these kinds of changes are becoming increasingly possible .
3719N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the human genome project started in 1990 , and it took 13 years .
3720PRP V N . <eoc> it cost 2.7 billion dollars .
3721N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> in the following year , when it was finished in 2004 , they could do the same thing for 20 million dollars in 2100 to four months .
3722N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> today , you can have a sequence of three billion base pairs of human genome to a price of about $ 20,000 and in the space of about a week .
3723PRP V N V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not going to take more long to the reality that it will give up 1,000 dollars human genome , and it will be increasingly available for everybody .
3724N , N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> before a week ago , the national academy of engineering is the dralliprize for francis arnold and willow steffer , two scientists who have developed a more efficient way -- which is called direct evolution .
3725N , N V N PRP N V N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> a few years ago , the lamesker prize was held shunya yauvika , for his research in which i took an adult head stem cell -- a cell in potential to be able to get any cell in your body .
3726N V . <eoc> these changes are coming in .
3727N V N V N PRP , N . <eoc> the same technology that produces human insulin in bacteria can produce viruses that are not just protecting themselves , but also the immunity to other viruses .
3728PRP V PRP , PRP V N V N . <eoc> whether you believe it or not , it 's an experimental study in the gang of vaccine with vaccine that has been built into the cells of a tobacco plant .
3729PRP V N V N . <eoc> can you imagine something good that comes from tobacco ?
3730V N , N V . <eoc> this is all reality today , and in the future will be much more possible .
3731V N . <eoc> so imagine just two other little changes .
3732PRP V N PRP N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> you can change the cells in your body , but what if you could change the cells of your trajectory ?
3733PRP V N , V PRP N V N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> what if you could change the sperm and the trees or the fresh air , to change your children a better chance for a healthier chance -- eliminating diabetes , eliminating the risk of cancer , reducing the risk of cancer ?
3734V N . <eoc> who doesn 't want to healthier children ?
3735N , N V N V N , PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> and then the analytical technique , the same motor of science can allow the changes to prevent disease , we could also allow attracting sacubute to adoptes , hypercapacity -- the better memory .
3736N V N , N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> why don 't have the shepherd of a ken jenny , especially , if you can extend it with the next generation of the bell , machine ?
3737V N V PRP V . <eoc> why not have the fast muscle fibers that allow you to go faster and longer ?
3738N . <eoc> why not life longer ?
3739PRP V . <eoc> they 're going to be unbalanced .
3740PRP V N PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if we 're in a place where we can pass it to the next generation , and we can adopt the attributes that we want , we will be converted from alt-style evolution of neo-evolution .
3741PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we 're going to have a process that needs for 100,000 years , and we can compress it into a thousand years -- and maybe even in the next 100 years .
3742V N PRP N , PRP N V . <eoc> these are decisions with their grandchildren , or their grandchildren have to be able to deal with .
3743V PRP V N V N V . <eoc> do we use these choices to form a society that 's better -- the more successful is more friendly ?
3744PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> or will we choose selective different attributes that we want for some of us and not for others ?
3745V PRP V N V , N . <eoc> are we going to become a society of rich people and unification is , or robust and diverse ?
3746V N PRP V . <eoc> these are the kinds of questions we need to be facing .
3747, PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> and most of all , will we ever be able to develop the wisdom , and the wisdom that we 're going to need to make these decisions ?
3748N , PRP V , N V PRP . <eoc> in the good way in evil , and earlier than you might think , these decisions will be on us .
3749N . <eoc> thanks .
3750N V PRP V N V PRP N , N , V N V . <eoc> i want you to imagine a little bit of a portable robot that gives you human skills , or another , the wheelchairers helping to stand again and go back .
3751PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 're going to call biomimicry binions , we call these robots exotic .
3752PRP V N PRP V N V PRP N PRP V PRP N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they 're not something else as something that they put in the morning and gives them extra strength and it will increase their velocity and help them to keep their balance .
3753V N V N . <eoc> this is actually the true bound of human and machine .
3754V PRP V N . <eoc> but not only that -- that is merging and you connect with the universe and other devices out there .
3755V N . <eoc> this is not just a crazy idea .
3756V PRP V PRP V N , V N PRP N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> now to show you what we 're working on is going to start talking about the american soldiers , which is about 100 pounds on his back , and it makes the question that you should have more equipment .
3757N , V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> of course , this leads to some major complications -- spinal cord injury , 30 percent of them -- chronic spinal injuries .
3758PRP V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so we thought that we would take this challenge and make an exotic skeleton that would help cope with this problem .
3759V PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> so let me introduce you to hulc -- or the hucus symvalde .
3760N , N V N , N . <eoc> soldier : with the hulc extraskeleton , i can carry 200 pounds across different kinds of different terrain , lots of hours .
3761PRP N V PRP V , V N . <eoc> his flexible design enables it to sink down deeply , to crawl and have very high-water movements .
3762PRP V N V N V , V PRP N . <eoc> it feels what i want to do where i want to go , and then increase my strength and duration .
3763PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> we 're as far as to imagine our industrial partner of this device , this new exotic skeleton in this year .
3764PRP V . <eoc> so it 's true .
3765V PRP V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> let 's now take our look at the wheelstool driver , something that i 'm particularly passionate about .
3766V N V N . <eoc> there are 68 million people sitting in the world in a wheelchair .
3767V N . <eoc> that 's about one percent of the population .
3768V N . <eoc> and that 's actually a conservative estimation .
3769PRP V N , V N PRP N , N , N V N . <eoc> we 're talking about very young people with spinal cord injury , which is in the blooms of their life -- 2030s , 30 , 4the -- from the fate , and the wheelchair is the only option .
3770PRP V N , PRP N . <eoc> but it 's also about aging population , its number of mutations .
3771N PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and so pretty much the only option -- if it 's a brain effect , or other complications -- is the wheelchair .
3772PRP V N , N , N V , N . <eoc> and so it 's been for 500 years , by the way , since the way i have to say , very successful introduction .
3773PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so we thought we could start writing a whole new chapter in mobility .
3774V PRP V PRP N V N V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> let me introduce you to ears that 's been carried by amanda boxing a spinal cord injury in the past 19 years ago , which has happened that they couldn 't walk for 19 years and now .
3775N . <eoc> thanks .
3776N V , N V PRP N . <eoc> as i said , amanda carries our distress .
3777PRP V N . <eoc> it has sensors .
3778PRP N V N PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> his completely non-nicious invasive sensors in the crutches to send the signals to our subscribed computer , which is attached to your back .
3779V N , N V PRP N , V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> here are also the battery packings , the motorpropulsion is in its waals , as opposed to their armjoints that they move forward in this fairly smooth and very natural settlement .
3780N V N , N V N V . <eoc> i was 24 years old , and in the best way as a monstrous bruised as a ski trip to study .
3781N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> in a fraction of a second , i lost every feeling and every movement underneath my neck .
3782, N V N PRP N , PRP V , N , PRP V . V <eoc> not long after that , a doctor in my hospital room , and he said , " amanda , you 'll never go back . "
3783V N . <eoc> and this was 19 years ago .
3784PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> he 's stealing every five hope from my consciousness .
3785N V PRP V , V , V N . <eoc> adaptable technologies have been possible to me to learn , to go back , to ski and even ride with the hands .
3786N V PRP V . <eoc> but nothing was invented that it would go again and now .
3787N . <eoc> thanks .
3788PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> as you can see , we have the technology , we have the platforms for meeting and discussing them with them .
3789PRP V PRP N , PRP V N V N , N , N . <eoc> it 's in our hands , and we have the whole potential here to change life for future generations -- not only for the soldiers , or for amanda here and all the escalins , but for everyone .
3790N . <eoc> thanks .
3791N , N V N V N . <eoc> at home in new york , i 'm a head of the developmental department of a non-profit organization called roach hog .
3792V N , V N V N . <eoc> if i 'm not fighting the poverty , i fought as a firetruck man in a volunteer house for a volunteer system .
3793, PRP N , N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> now , in our city , in the volunteers of a trained workforce , they have to be a very early part of the face to be able to mix with some .
3794V PRP N . <eoc> i remember my first fire .
3795N V N , N V N . <eoc> i was the second volunteer at the top , and i had really good opportunities in this .
3796PRP V N V N V PRP N V . <eoc> but it was still an arms race against the other volunteers to achieve the responsible man and figure out what our jobs would be .
3797N V N , PRP V N , V N PRP N . <eoc> when i found the main man , he was just in a very serious conversation with the houseowner , who certainly had one of her life 's worst days .
3798PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> it was in the middle of the night , and she stood in the backload and barefoot under a screen out of the current rain , while her house was standing in flames .
3799N V N V PRP V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> the other volunteers who had come out of me -- let 's call him lex martin -- reached the main man first and became asked to go into the house and save the dog of the house .
3800N . N V N . <eoc> the dog ! i was lost in eighth grade .
3801V N , V N PRP N V N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> there was any lawyer or wealth , which is now for the rest of his life that people could tell people that he was going to go into a burning house to save a creature , only because there was five seconds faster than i was .
3802, N V N . <eoc> well , i was the next .
3803N V PRP . <eoc> the main man winding me .
3804PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> he said , " beep , you have to go to the house .
3805PRP V N , N V N . N <eoc> they have to go up to the fire , and i have to get a few shoes . "
3806N V PRP . <eoc> i swear it .
3807, N V , V N V N V N V N . <eoc> now , not exactly what i hope to be , but i went to go -- the stairs up to the hallway on the real firefighters that had been so pretty finished in the bedroom to get a couple of shoes .
3808N V PRP V , V N . <eoc> i know what you 're thinking now , but i 'm not a hero .
3809N V PRP N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i was wearing my prey back to the bottom where i met my doortail and i met the loved dog .
3810PRP V PRP N V N , V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> we put our minds out outside to the houseoma , where , not surprisingly , his more attention had gotten more attention than my own .
3811N , N V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> a few weeks later , the firetruck got a letter to the house owner in which she was saving for her house .
3812N , N V PRP N . <eoc> one of all measures of kindness , someone had actually brought her a few shoes .
3813PRP N V N PRP N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> both in my profession at robin hog as well as my side job as a volunteer teacher , i 'm a witness of generosity and kindness in the big scale , but i also see the whole love and the muts of one .
3814PRP V . <eoc> and you know what i learned ?
3815PRP V . <eoc> they 're all important .
3816V N , N V N V PRP N , V PRP V N . <eoc> so if i look at this room and people see , who can either have achieved a remarkable success or be on their way , i want to remind you : don 't wait .
3817N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> don 't wait to make a difference in the life of another until you get your first million .
3818PRP V N , V PRP . <eoc> if you have something too , give it now .
3819PRP V N , V N . <eoc> they 're using a sushi kitchen , packed a park in the neighborhood .
3820V N . <eoc> be a mentor .
3821N V PRP N V N , N V PRP N V . <eoc> not every day will give us an opportunity to save the lives of a human , but every day gives us the opportunity to change one .
3822PRP V , V N . <eoc> so they go , save the shoes .
3823N . <eoc> thanks .
3824N , N , V . <eoc> bruno gupta : mark , mark , come back .
3825N . <eoc> thanks .
3826N V N V N . <eoc> i 'm just coming back from a community that knows the secret of humanity 's preservation .
3827N V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> a place where women are going to become the increager with sex ' ' ' " , and the game is determined -- where fun is a serious business .
3828, PRP V N . <eoc> and no , it 's not burning or san francisco .
3829N , PRP N . <eoc> ladies and gentlemen , your relatives .
3830V N . <eoc> this is the world of the wild bonobos in the forest of congo .
3831N V N PRP N . <eoc> bonobos are together with chimpanzees our next living relatives .
3832V , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> that means , we have a common ancestor , an evolutionary grandmother that lived about six million years ago .
3833, N V PRP N . <eoc> now , chimpanzees are familiar for their aggressive form .
3834, PRP V N . <eoc> but unfortunately , we proved this aspect of human evolution in the narrative of human evolution .
3835N V PRP N . <eoc> but bonobos show us the other side of the medal .
3836N , N V , N V N . <eoc> as chimpanzees , as chimpanzees are listed , the bonobo will lead to a society of empowerment female .
3837PRP V , V N , N V . <eoc> it really came up with this , because this leads to a super-tolerant society , in the deadly violence has not been observed .
3838, N V N . <eoc> but unfortunately , bonobos are the least known under the primates .
3839PRP V N , N V . <eoc> they live in the deep of the congolese urbatory , and the observation are just difficult to do .
3840N V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> congo is a paradox -- a country of extraordinary biodiversity and beauty , but also the heart of darkness itself -- the foam of a violent argument that has been around for decades , and almost of life has been challenged like the first world war .
3841PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's not surprising that these destruction of the bonobos are at risk .
3842N , N V PRP V N V N PRP V N V . <eoc> meat trade , and the decline of the trees will lead to that you couldn 't even have a sports pole -- and even there we are not sure to be honest .
3843, N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> and yet , in this country of violence and chaos , you can hear a hidden laughing , the trees are shattered .
3844V N . <eoc> who are these relatives ?
3845PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> we know it as " love instead of war , " because they have common gene , also , bisexual sex , with active partners , and policies and social joints .
3846N V , V N V N . <eoc> i 'm not saying , that would be the answer to all the humanitarian problems -- because life is more than the casma sushi .
3847N V PRP N . <eoc> bonobos -- like people -- love to play their life for life .
3848N V N . <eoc> game doesn 't mean just child games .
3849PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> for us , and it 's game essential for the attachment of relationships and the care of tolerance .
3850PRP V N . <eoc> we learn to trust and the rules of the game .
3851N V N , PRP V N , N , N , N . <eoc> play is increasing creativity and resilience , and it 's all about the creation of diversity -- diversity of interactions , diversity of behaviors , diversity , diversity .
3852PRP V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> and if you look at bonobos at play , you see the evolutionary origins of human laughter , dance and rituals .
3853N V N V PRP . <eoc> play is the kim who keeps us each other .
3854, V PRP V , V PRP N . <eoc> now , i don 't know how you play , but i want to show you some unique footage from the wilderness .
3855, V N . <eoc> first , i think a ballroom game in bonobo -- and i don 't think about football .
3856PRP V N . <eoc> so here we see a young female and male in a car game .
3857N PRP V . <eoc> look at what you do .
3858V N PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> this could be the evolutionary origin of it : " you put it in the eggs . "
3859V PRP , . <eoc> just that i think it 's more likely , not true .
3860N . <eoc> yeah !
3861N V , N . <eoc> so sex games are spread , both in bonobos than in humans .
3862N V , PRP V N V , PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and this video is really interesting , because it shows -- and this video is really interesting because it shows the concept of being both confidence , because it makes a lot of fun as well as the game is a lot of fun .
3863N V N . <eoc> but the game is a formal .
3864N V N , PRP V N V N , V , V N . <eoc> game is a formal , and it can adopt many forms that some seem to be quiet , fantastic , curious -- maybe to discover the amazons , again , to discover the amazons .
3865N V PRP , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and i want to show you , this is humorous , a young female and she plays peaceful with water .
3866N V PRP V PRP , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> i think exactly as you can sometimes play ourselves , and we put ourselves into the edges of ours and the outer worlds .
3867PRP V N V PRP , V , N PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's this playful curiosity that makes us , and interact , and the unexpected linked of the things that we form is the real nutrient of creativity .
3868V N , N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> this is just a little bit of flavor of the insights , the bonobos give us into our past and present .
3869PRP V N PRP N , N PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> but they also have a secret for our future , a future where we need to adapt to increasing challenges , by bigger creativity , and disruptive increases cooperation .
3870N V N V N . <eoc> the secret is that the game is the key to these skills .
3871N , N V PRP N . <eoc> in other words , play is our adaptability .
3872V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> to adapt us to an uninhabited world , we need to play .
3873PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> but will we make the best of our play drive ?
3874N V . <eoc> play is not silly .
3875PRP V . <eoc> it 's essential .
3876N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> for bonobos and people , the life is not out of teeth and claws are their own claws .
3877PRP V , N V N . <eoc> just if it 's hardly appropriate , the game might seem to be the most useless .
3878, PRP N , V PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and therefore , my primate teammates , we let us embrace this gift of evolution , and play together while doing creativity rediscovering creativity and wonder .
3879N . <eoc> thanks .
3880N V PRP V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> i want you to imagine two pairs , in 1979 , at exactly the same day , at the same moment , each one 's a baby -- okay .
3881N , V N . <eoc> so two pairs , each one is a baby .
3882V PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> now i don 't want you to use too much time to imagine that , because if you imagine the whole time , you will not listen to me .
3883N . <eoc> just think of that for a moment .
3884N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and in this scenario , you think that in a case the semen is wearing a y chocolate store on the x chromosome from the coast .
3885N , N V N V N . <eoc> and in the other case , the semen is a x chromosome that corresponds to the x chromosome chromosome .
3886V , V . <eoc> both are preventable , both lighting .
3887PRP V N . <eoc> we 'll come back to these people later .
3888PRP N , V N . <eoc> in most of my activities , i 've got two hip .
3889N , N V N . <eoc> under a hat , i 'm involved with the story of anatomy .
3890N V N , N V N V N , N PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm a historian , and in this case i study how people went to anatomy -- is human body , animal body -- as they went to body fluids , with body concepts ; how they thought about the body .
3891N V PRP N V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> the other hat i 've been wearing on my work is the activist when patient 's interior -- or , as i say , as an impatience lawyers -- from people who are patients .
3892N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> in this case , i 've been working with people who have the body guy who have social norms in question .
3893N , N V N V N , N . <eoc> so for example , i was working with people who are simesian twins , two people in a body .
3894N V N V . <eoc> i worked with people with zingen-used -- so people who were smaller than common .
3895, N V N , PRP N V N V N . <eoc> and very often , i worked with intersexual people , their gender atypilic -- so people who don 't have the average male or female bodies .
3896N , PRP V N . <eoc> and as a general term , we can use the word generalizer .
3897N V N . <eoc> intersexuality is coming in many different forms .
3898N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i 'm just going to give you a couple of examples of the kinds of nutritional variants that are not the male or female standard .
3899N , PRP V N , N V N PRP V N V . <eoc> in one case , you might have someone with a xy chromosome base , and the shaky of the y chocolate store is the prototype stage that we all have a feast stadium is to be growing .
3900V N V N . <eoc> and that 's why the testicles are on testosterone .
3901N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> but because this individual is missing the receptors to detect the testosterone , the body doesn 't respond to testosterone .
3902V N . <eoc> and this is called the android recipe hormone .
3903N , N . <eoc> so much testosterone , but no reaction to that .
3904N , N V N . <eoc> as a result , the body evolves over the typical female course .
3905N V , PRP V N . <eoc> when the child is born , it looks like a girl .
3906PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> she 's a girl . she 's raised as a girl .
3907PRP V PRP V N PRP N V , PRP V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> but it takes mostly until they reach puberty and their breasts grow and develop , but they don 't get their period , until somebody comes out there 's something different .
3908PRP V N V PRP V N , N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and they make a few tests and find that they were instead of freezing cold and uterus , in fact , they 're wearing and it 's an y chromosome .
3909PRP V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and it 's important to understand that you could be this person for actually , but they 're not really .
3910N , N , PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> women , like men , in our bodies have something called them amoulands .
3911PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> they 're in the back part of our body .
3912N V N , V N . <eoc> and the side of the people represent androds , which are vilienabled hormones .
3913N , N V N V PRP N , V N V N . <eoc> most women , like i -- i believe a typical woman -- i don 't know my real chromosomes , but i think i probably have the typical -- most women like i 'm actually talking about android .
3914PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we produce androids , and we talk about androgenes .
3915N V N V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> the consequence is that somebody like i actually have a brain that has been exposed to the brain , as a woman who was born with testicles and has a android defect .
3916N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so gender is really complicated ; intersexual is not only in the middle of the spectrum of gender -- in some ways , they can be distributed across the whole range .
3917N , N V N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> another example , a few years ago i received the phone call from a 19 year-old man who was born young as young as a young , he had found that he had freezing freezing and her mother 's uterus .
3918PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> he had a very extreme form of a poor side of a country , and he had enlarged .
3919PRP V N , N , PRP N V , PRP V N . <eoc> he has xx chromosome , and in the womb , his side of the suffering was so strong , that they basically created a male hormone recipe .
3920N V PRP N V , PRP N V N . <eoc> and as a consequence had gotten his genetic italy , his brain was exposed to the typical star of the hormones spectrum .
3921PRP V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and when he was born , he saw like a boy -- nobody knew anything .
3922PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and only when he became 19 years old , he got enough medical problems , actually because he 's in the way that the doctors found that he was in inner female .
3923N , N . <eoc> okay , just a quick example of genetic sexuality .
3924N , V N V N V N . <eoc> some people with xx chromosomes , developing something called the ovos called the ovarian tissue from laparenic tissue .
3925PRP V . <eoc> we don 't know exactly why that happens .
3926N V N . <eoc> so gender can occur in many different varieties .
3927N V N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> the reason why children with this kind of body -- is it grew or simetical twins who would be intersexually -- surgeons often tend to be customized to the norm is not because this would be the norm .
3928N , N V . <eoc> in many cases , these people are completely healthy .
3929N PRP V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the reason why they often do different kinds of surgical interventions is because they threaten our social categories .
3930PRP N V N V N . <eoc> our system typically is based on the idea that there 's an individual anatomical intervention is associated with a certain identity .
3931PRP V N V N V N V N , V N , N . <eoc> so we have the concept that a woman is to have a female identity ; a black person is called , supposedly , to have an african anatomy in terms of history .
3932PRP V N . <eoc> so we have this horrible idea of this .
3933PRP V N , PRP V N , V PRP N . <eoc> and if we face with a body , which is actually something very different for us , it 's confused in terms of these categorizations .
3934PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so we have a lot of romantic ideas in our culture .
3935PRP N V N . <eoc> and our nation really is based on a very romantic concept of individualism .
3936PRP V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> now you can imagine , how intriguing it is when children are born ; the two individuals in a body .
3937N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> where i 've seen most of the long time , the south african aftermath of the south african country 's last year , whose gender in the leibk world championship was asked in berlin question .
3938N V PRP N , V PRP V PRP V N V . N <eoc> a lot of journalists calls me with the question , " what are you going to do that tell us whether or a new semenya female or is male ? "
3939N V N V N . <eoc> and i had to explain the journalist that there is no test .
3940PRP V N V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we now know that gender complicated enough is that we need to admit that nature is not a line between males and female -- we 're not going to be able to do that one line as a result .
3941PRP V N , PRP N V , PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> so we have a situation like that , the further our science progresses , we need to make a lot more comfortable that these categories that have been given to make permanent identifications than we 've imagined .
3942PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's not just related to gender .
3943PRP V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's also true of race which turns out when we 've allowed our terminology .
3944PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> in our sights , we get into all kinds of inconvenient areas .
3945PRP V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> we stop for example in the fact that we have at least 95 percent of our dna with chimpanzees .
3946V PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> what are we going to do with the fact that we 're just different from them through few nucleotides ?
3947PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> while we keep our science further forward , we get increasingly very simple in a zone of the uncomfortable where we have to recognize that the simple kind of categories that we 've probably had was very simple .
3948PRP V N . <eoc> we see that in all sorts of different types of human life .
3949N PRP V N PRP N , N , N , V N . <eoc> one of the areas that we see that we can see this for the beibel , in today 's culture , in today 's united states , the fighting over the beginning and the end of life .
3950PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> we have hard conversations about what the point is a body to people , so that it 's a different right when the fetuses live .
3951PRP V N , N V . <eoc> we have very difficult conversations with these days , maybe not as public as in medicine -- about the question when someone dead is dead .
3952PRP N V N V . <eoc> our ancestors had never been so hard to fight the question when someone dead was dead .
3953PRP V N V N , PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> they have somebody only given a feather under the nose , and when they moved , they haven 't buried it yet .
3954PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> if they didn 't move , they buried it .
3955N PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but today we 're in a situation where we take human organs from life , and they want to plant other people .
3956N , PRP V N , N V , PRP V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> and as a result , we start with the struggle with the really difficult question , when someone dead is dead , and it brings us into a really difficult situation where we don 't have so simple categories like earlier .
3957, PRP V N V N PRP . <eoc> now , you might think that all the crash of categories would make someone like me really happy .
3958N V , N V N , N V , V PRP . <eoc> i 'm progressive , politically , i was defending people with unusual , but i have to admit , i 'm nervous about it .
3959V N V PRP V , V PRP . <eoc> to understand that these categories are really more insecure than we thought , does it happen .
3960PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and it makes me feel about democracy in terms of democracy .
3961V PRP N , N V N V N . <eoc> so to tell you about this tension , i have to know that i 'm a big fan of the founding fathers .
3962N V PRP V , V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> i know they were racially , i know they were sexious , but they were great .
3963N V PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> i find that they were so tamper and strong , and so radical , where they were doing that i 've been looking at this little bit of the glory of the music that i can see is not because of the music that it 's absolutely to forget .
3964PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's because of what 1776 ] the founding fathers have happened in the world .
3965N V PRP N , . <eoc> the founding fathers were from my view of the original anatomical activists , and that 's why .
3966PRP V N , PRP V PRP N V , N PRP . <eoc> what she was back to be an anatomical concept , and they put it through another one which was radically and beautiful , and 200 years for us .
3967PRP V , PRP N V N , N V N . <eoc> as you all remember , my founding fathers were the concept of monarchy , and the monarchy based on a very simple concept of anatomy .
3968N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the british world had no concept based on the dna , but they had a concept of the birth on the right .
3969PRP V N . <eoc> they had a concept of blue blood .
3970PRP V N V N V N V N . <eoc> they were the notion that people who had political power to have this political power to the father of blood work to father and so on .
3971N V N , V PRP N , N V N V N . <eoc> the founding fathers turned out this idea back , and put them back through a new anatomical concept , and this concept said that all people have been in the same way .
3972PRP V N , PRP V , N , N . PRP V . <eoc> they 're nivellized the game field , and we decided that anatomically , the common point , they don 't get the difference . and that was very radical .
3973PRP V N PRP V N , N V . <eoc> now they did this for the part because it was part of an educational system , in the two things that were happening together .
3974N V , N V N . <eoc> democracy grew up , but at the same time also grew the science .
3975PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you look at the story of the founding fathers , the fact that many of you were very interested in science , and they were interested in a concept of naturalistic world .
3976PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> they went away from the explanations of the potential , and meadows things like a supernatural concept of power , back where the transmission was a very vasectal concept of birth .
3977PRP V N . <eoc> they moved to an naturalist concept .
3978PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you look at the declaration of independence , you talk about nature and the god of nature .
3979PRP V N . <eoc> they 're not talking about god and nature of god .
3980PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> they talk about the power of nature to tell us who we are .
3981N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and as part of that , they made us a concept of anatomical similarity .
3982PRP V N . <eoc> and so they really have been prepared for the future civil rights movement .
3983PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> they didn 't think about it , but what they did for us was great .
3984V N . <eoc> so what happened next year ?
3985N , N V N , N V N V N , N , . N <eoc> for example , women who have the election unemployed , the concept of the founding fathers who says that anatomical is actually not enough to own , etc. etc . , etc .
3986N V . <eoc> and women argued successful .
3987, N V N PRP V N , V N , N V N . N <eoc> next , the successful civil rights movement came where we saw people looked like sojourner trucks , which is fun , " am i not a woman ? "
3988PRP V N V , N V N . N <eoc> we find men in the corner of the citizen 's movement that says , " i 'm a man . "
3989, N V N , N . <eoc> again , people are different skin color that were in anatomical differences in anatomical differences , again , successful .
3990PRP V N . <eoc> we see the same thing in the disabled legal movement .
3991N , N V , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> of course , the problem is that , as we start to look at all the similarities , we need to start to question why we maintain certain sections .
3992, N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> now , benevolently , i want to maintain certain separations , anatomically , in our culture .
3993N V N . <eoc> i want to give a fish not the same rights as a human being .
3994V PRP V N . <eoc> i don 't want to say that we should take away from anatomy .
3995N V N V N V PRP N V . <eoc> i don 't want to say that five year-olds should have the right to give their interest to sex or to marry .
3996V N V PRP , V , V . <eoc> so there are some anatomical scores that make sense for me , and that 's what i think , to stay .
3997N V PRP V PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> but the challenge is to try to figure out what it is and why we keep them , and whether they 're good .
3998V N V N . <eoc> so let 's go back to these two creatures that have been being identified at the beginning of the talk .
3999PRP V N , N . <eoc> we have two creatures , both central 1979 in the same day in 1979 .
4000V N V PRP , N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> imagine that one of them , maria , three months volunteered , she 's born on one june in 1980 .
4001N , N , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> heinrich , on the other hand , is born to the birthdate , he 's born at the one of march in 1980 .
4002N V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> just because of the fact that maria a couple of months were born , they get all kinds of three months ago -- the right to have sex to have the right to buy the right .
4003N V , PRP V N , N PRP N . <eoc> heinrich must wait for all of this , not because it 's actually a different biological age , just because of the time point of its birth .
4004PRP V N PRP N V . <eoc> we find other oddities about what their rights are .
4005N , PRP V PRP V N V PRP V PRP V N PRP V PRP V , N V . <eoc> heinrich , because you think he 's male -- although i didn 't say he 's in xy is -- because you think he 's being male , he can 't worry about what maria 's not worried about .
4006N , N V N , N V N , V . <eoc> maria , however , can 't be the same thing in all states , the heinrich in all states , and that 's right to marry .
4007N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> heinrich in every state , in every state of a woman , but maria can only marry a woman today in a few states .
4008PRP V N V . <eoc> so we have these permanent anatomical categories that are problematic to be problematic and fragmented .
4009PRP V , V PRP V PRP N V N , PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and to me , the question is : what are we going to do is that our science is this progress in the environment of anatomy , that we can achieve a point where we have to admit that a democracy is based on anatomy ?
4010N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i don 't want to give up the science , but it always feels like the science is all the time .
4011V PRP V . <eoc> so where do we go ?
4012PRP V PRP N V , N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP . V <eoc> it seems like our culture is a kind of pragmatic posture , " well , we need to pull a line somewhere , so we 'll pull them somewhere . "
4013N V N . <eoc> but a lot of people are starting in a very strange position .
4014N , N , N V N V PRP V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> so for example , texas , at a point decided that to marry a man is that you don 't have any y chromosome and marry a woman that you have a y chromosome .
4015N , N V PRP N . <eoc> now in practice , people are not tested on their chromosomes .
4016PRP V , N V PRP N . <eoc> but it 's also very bizarre , because of the story i told you about the android recipe device defect .
4017PRP V N , N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> if we look at one of the founding fathers of modern democracy , dr. martin luther king , he offers us in the " i have a dream talk .
4018PRP V PRP V N V PRP N , N PRP N , V N . <eoc> he says we shouldn 't tell people to " their skin , but after the property of their character , " judge people are suffering from anatomy .
4019N V , N , V N . N <eoc> and i want to say , " yes , that sounds like a real good idea . "
4020V PRP V N . <eoc> but how do you do that in practice ?
4021V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> how do you evaluate people from their character ?
4022N V N V PRP V N , N V N V . <eoc> i also want to point out that i 'm not sure that we should spread rights to people in terms of people , because i have to admit that i 've got a series of gold that 's probably going to make social more than some people i know .
4023N V N V N V N V N PRP N , N V . <eoc> i want to remember that i probably know some bright platforms that are capable of making more powerful , more intelligent and restless decisions about their sexual relationships than some 45,000 people i know .
4024PRP V N . <eoc> so how should we socialize the question for the characteristics of character ?
4025PRP V . <eoc> it turns out to be really difficult .
4026N PRP V , N V N V N V N . <eoc> and one part of me is wondering , what if the content would be something that would be done in the future of machine read-ready-making -- using fmri ?
4027V PRP V N . <eoc> do we really want to go into that direction ?
4028N V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm not sure where we go .
4029N V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> what i know is that it seems really important to think about the idea that the united states is leading to think about questions about questioning democracy .
4030PRP N , PRP V PRP N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> in our effort for democracy , we 've done our thing right well , and i think we would make our point in the future .
4031PRP V N V N , N V N , V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> we don 't have the situation in iran , for example , where a man who feels in the other men who is punished , with death , it 's going to be willing to stay alive .
4032N V PRP . <eoc> the conditions of this species don 't exist with us .
4033N V PRP V N V N V N V PRP , V N . <eoc> i 'm glad to say that we don 't have these conditions -- a surgeon that was talking about a couple of years ago that had brought a few simesian twins to separate them , partly to make a name .
4034N V PRP , PRP V PRP V N PRP V N PRP N V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> but when i was talking to him , and he asked him why he made this kind of surgery -- it was high risk -- was his answer that in his country , these kids would have to be treated very bad -- and so he had to do that .
4035N V PRP , N V PRP V N V PRP . V <eoc> i said to him , " well have you moved political asyl in consideration instead of separating them ? "
4036N V N V N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> the united states provide incredible opportunities to allow people to be who they are without that they knew about the state of the state .
4037V PRP V N . <eoc> so i think we have to be a leader .
4038, V , V N V N . <eoc> well , just to finish , i want to realize that i 've talked a lot about the fathers .
4039N V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and i want to think about how democracy could look like democracy , or if we could have the mothers .
4040N V N V N , V N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> and i want to say something about a feminist is something radically , and i think there might be different kinds of insight that could be able from different kinds of anatomy , or especially when people use a group of giving a group .
4041N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> for years , because i was interested in interactivity , i also have been interested in research on gender equality .
4042N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and one of the things that i really found interesting is the difference between men and women in terms of how they think and operate in the world .
4043PRP V N V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> what we 've learned from cultural peer-reviewed studies is that women , on average -- not each , but at the average -- more complex social relationships , and the care of people who are vulnerable in the group are vulnerable to a lot of attention .
4044, PRP V , PRP V N PRP . <eoc> and so , if we think about this , we have an interesting situation in front of us .
4045N , N V N , PRP N V PRP N V PRP N , V PRP V N . <eoc> years ago , when i took a graduate student , one of my classmates asked me to be passionate about feminism -- i looked at me as a feminist , so that 's what it 's -- a really kind of question .
4046PRP V , N V PRP N V . N <eoc> he said , " tell me what feminism is female . "
4047V , N , V N V . <eoc> and i thought , " well , that 's the most stupid question i 've ever heard .
4048N V N , N V . <eoc> feminism is about solving more drugs , therefore , feminism is not female .
4049N V PRP N , V N V N . <eoc> but the more i thought about his question , and so i thought that there could be something female in feminism .
4050V PRP V N , N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> that should be called it might be something , on average , where women brains differ from male that makes us more attention to very complex social relationships and more attention for the protective needs .
4051N V N V N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> so where the founding fathers were extremely well-regarded to figure out how individuals could be protected in front of the state , it 's possible that if we can protect more mothers in this concept , we can make more a concept , not just how we can be worried about each other .
4052PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and maybe it 's where we need to go to the future , if we take democracy from anatomy -- less about the individual bodies to think about the identity and think more about relationships .
4053PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> so that if we try to make a more perfect connection , we think about what we can do for each other .
4054N . <eoc> thanks .
4055N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm a jeessi and this is my suitcase .
4056V PRP N V , V N , V N V N . <eoc> but before i show you what i 've got in this , i 'm going to make a very public confession , and this is : i 'm obsessed with outsourcing .
4057N V N V N V N , V N , V N . <eoc> i love to every chance to find another colorous suspension of finding crazy outfit , and have to photograph , recently , to photograph and blogging .
4058V N . <eoc> but i don 't buy anything new .
4059N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i get all my clothes out of the second hand on floating and in see-fired hand .
4060N , N PRP . <eoc> ooh , thank you .
4061N V PRP V N PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> sean col hand shopping allows me to reduce the impact of my gare on the environment , and also to reduce my gdp .
4062N V N PRP N V N V PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> i meet all kinds of great people ; my dollars for a good purpose ; i look pretty unique ; and it makes my personal business search .
4063V , V N . <eoc> i mean , what am i going to find today ?
4064PRP V PRP N . <eoc> will it have my size ?
4065V N . <eoc> will i like the color ?
4066V PRP V N . <eoc> is it going to cost less than 20 dollars ?
4067N V , V N V . <eoc> when all the answers are loud , i feel like i won .
4068N V PRP N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> i come back to my suitcase , and tell you what i 've put on this exciting week at ted .
4069N , V N V N . <eoc> i mean , what does someone get with so many outliers ?
4070V PRP V . <eoc> so i 'm going to show you exactly what i brought .
4071N V N , V PRP . <eoc> i brought seven couple of subpants , and that 's it .
4072N V N V PRP N . <eoc> underpants for just a week are all i 've done in my suitcase .
4073N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> i was betting that i had everything else i wanted to find if i was only going to come to palm springs .
4074PRP V PRP N V PRP N V , V N . <eoc> and because you don 't have heard of me as the woman who runs around at ted in your underwear -- says , i found a couple of things .
4075N V PRP N . <eoc> and i want to show you my outliers for this week .
4076N . <eoc> sounds good ?
4077N V , V PRP N V PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> while i do that , i 'm going to leave you with some of the lessons that i think whether you believe it or not to learn from these adventurers to have nothing new .
4078V N V N . <eoc> let 's start with sunday .
4079N V N . <eoc> i call this the bright tigers .
4080PRP V N V . <eoc> you don 't have to spend a lot of money to look good .
4081PRP V N . <eoc> you can almost always be great for less than 50 dollars .
4082N , V N V PRP , PRP V N V N . <eoc> this whole outfit , including the jacket has brought me 55 to me , and it was the most expensive piece that i used in this whole week .
4083N V N . <eoc> monday : color is something powerful .
4084PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's almost impossible to be bad , if you have a bright red pants .
4085PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you 're happy , you get other happy people .
4086N V . <eoc> tuesday : adapting to being totally overrated .
4087N V N PRP N V N V PRP . <eoc> i 've spent a lot of time in my life to try and try to be myself and adapt to the same time .
4088V PRP V . <eoc> just be who you are .
4089PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you surrounded with the right people , you will not just understand it , you will appreciate it .
4090N V PRP N . <eoc> wednesday night : embrace your inner child .
4091N V PRP , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> sometimes people say to me , i would look like i 'm going to be sickness or i remember her seven-year-olds .
4092N V , N PRP . V <eoc> i like smiling and say , " thank you . "
4093N V N . <eoc> thursday : self-confidence is the key .
4094PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> if you think , you look at something very well , it 's almost safe .
4095PRP V PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and if you think that you don 't look good in something , you probably have right .
4096N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i grew up with a mother who taught me the day for day .
4097N V , N V . <eoc> but only when i got 30 , i really understood what that means .
4098V PRP . <eoc> and i 'm going to wrap it up for quickly .
4099PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> if you believe that they 're inside and the outside of a wonderful person , they don 't have anything they can 't .
4100V N . <eoc> so there 's no excuse for anyone here in this audience .
4101PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we should be able to screw everything we want .
4102N . <eoc> thanks .
4103N V N . <eoc> friday : a universal truth -- five words : golden patille fits all the way .
4104, N , N , V N V N V N . <eoc> and finally , saturday : one , unique , personal style , is a great way to tell the world something about one without telling a word without telling a word .
4105PRP V PRP V N V PRP , N V . N V N . <eoc> it was always proven to me and over again when i had people on me , just because of what i was wearing . and i had great conversations .
4106, PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> obviously , it 's not going to fit everything in my tiny suitcase .
4107V N , V N . <eoc> so before i go home to brooklyn , i 'm going to donate this all again .
4108N V PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> because the lesson that i 've been trying to learn from this week is that it 's okay to let it go .
4109N V N , N V N , N , V N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> i don 't have to be emotionally involved , because the corner is always going to be a different crazy , colorful , shining outfit , just waiting for me , if i 'm looking for a little bit of love .
4110N PRP . <eoc> thank you very much .
4111N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
4112N , . <eoc> good afternoon , everybody together .
4113N V N V PRP . <eoc> i have something that i want to show you .
4114V N , V N . <eoc> think about this as a picture , flying imagery .
4115V PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> this is what we call in our lab , perceptual design .
4116V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> let me tell you a little bit about this .
4117PRP V N V N , N V N PRP N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> now if you take this picture -- i 'm originally an italian , and every boy in italy is growing up with this image in his room , but the reason i 'm going to show you is something very interesting happened in the past decades .
4118N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> some time ago , if they wanted to win a formula , they took their budget , and they put their money on a good driver and a good car .
4119N V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if the car and the driver is good enough , then they win the race .
4120N , PRP V , PRP V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> now today , you need , if you want to win a race , actually like this -- something like this -- something which is going to be collected in real time and make things happen in real time and change things in real time .
4121PRP V N V N . <eoc> you would call this in engineering teams to call a real-time control system .
4122, PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and basically , it 's a system that has taken out of two parts -- a flush part and to respond to a movement .
4123N V N V PRP N . <eoc> what 's interesting today is the real world control systems begin to dive into our lives .
4124PRP N V , N , N . <eoc> our cities have been , in the last few years , just with networks and electronics .
4125PRP V N . <eoc> they 're going to be in the free computer .
4126N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and as a computer in the free , they start to respond to other ways , they 're perceived and driven .
4127PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> when we get cities , it 's actually a big deal .
4128N , N V N V N , N V . <eoc> by the way , i want to mention that cities are only two percent of the earth 's surface , but 50 percent of the world population live there .
4129PRP V N V N . <eoc> they 're 75 percent of energy consumption -- will cause to 80 percent of co2 emissions .
4130PRP V N , V N . <eoc> so if we do something with the cities , that 's a big thing .
4131N , N V N . <eoc> beyond the cities , all of this complexity and the driving is in objects of everyday life .
4132V N V N , N , N . <eoc> this is from an exhibition that is the paola antonelli for moma later in the year , during the summer , as the summer .
4133PRP V N . N <eoc> it 's called " talk to me . "
4134, PRP N , PRP N , V PRP . <eoc> well , all of our objects , our environment , start to talk to us .
4135N , PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> in a sense , it 's almost as if every atom is out there in a sensor , a sensor and a mechanism .
4136V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and that changes radically the interaction that we have people out with our environment .
4137N , PRP V N <eoc> in a way , it 's almost like the old dream of michelangelo ...
4138PRP V , N V N , PRP V PRP V N V PRP N PRP V N . N PRP V . N <eoc> you know , when michel formed the moses , it means that he took the hammer and picked him up on moses -- you can 't see it a little bit of a little position -- and said " perché non ? why don 't you ? "
4139, N , PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> now , today , our environment is beginning to answer us to answers .
4140N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm just going to show you some examples -- again with the idea of understanding our environment .
4141V N V . <eoc> let 's start with that .
4142N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> now the first project i want to show you is actually one of the first of our lab .
4143PRP V N . <eoc> it was created in italy four and a half years ago in italy .
4144PRP V N V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> and what we 've done was actually a new way of using the network that was used all over the world -- that 's a mobile phone web -- and anonymous and transmitting information from this network that 's going to be collected from the operators to understand how the city works .
4145N V N . <eoc> the summer was a happy summer -- 2006 .
4146PRP V N . <eoc> it was as a italy of the football of world cup .
4147PRP V , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> some of you will remember , it was in italy with france , and then at the end , the head shock .
4148N , N V N . <eoc> and no matter , italy won at the end .
4149PRP V N , V N V N . <eoc> now you see what happened on this day , just watching the activity that happens in the network .
4150PRP V N . <eoc> here you see the city .
4151PRP V N , N . <eoc> you see in the middle of the field , the curse .
4152N , N . <eoc> on the morning , before the game .
4153PRP V N . <eoc> you see the timeline .
4154N , N , V N V . <eoc> early afternoon , people here , and there 's the phone calls and move .
4155N V . <eoc> the game starts -- silent .
4156N V N . N V N . <eoc> france makes an tor . italy makes an tor .
4157N , N V N , V N . <eoc> semi-times , people make a short call , go to the bathroom .
4158N . N . <eoc> second half of time . end of the normal play time .
4159N , N . <eoc> first extension , second .
4160N , N . <eoc> quote , in a moment of head open .
4161N . N . <eoc> italy wins . yeah .
4162, N , V N . <eoc> well , at that night , all went to celebrate .
4163PRP V N . <eoc> they saw the big envelope .
4164N , V N V N . <eoc> the next day , all went to the center to meet the sigerteam and the prime minister at the same time .
4165N V . <eoc> and then everybody goes down .
4166PRP V N , N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you see the picture of space , cirrus maso maso , where , since the roman time that people go to celebrate -- to have a big party , and they look at the end of the day .
4167, V N PRP V N , N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> well , that 's just one example of how we can feel today , in a way we couldn 't find it a few years ago .
4168V N V N V N , N PRP V . <eoc> there 's a different example to feel : this is not about people , but things that we use and consume .
4169, PRP V N PRP N V . <eoc> well , we know all about where our things are coming from .
4170V N V PRP N V N PRP V . <eoc> this is a map that shows you all the chips from which a mac computer is how they came together .
4171PRP V N V . <eoc> but we don 't know a little bit about where things go .
4172PRP V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> so we 've designed a few little markers in this project to track the waste while it 's going through the system .
4173PRP V N V PRP N V N PRP V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> so we started with a few volunteers who had helped us a little more than a year in seattle to make things that they threw away -- different kinds of things like you can see -- things that would take you out .
4174PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> then we have the little chips that are stuck with the garbage and start tracking it .
4175V N PRP V . <eoc> here are the results that we 've just got .
4176N <eoc> from seattle ...
4177N . <eoc> after a week .
4178N , PRP V N . <eoc> with this information , we realized that there 's a lot of extra efficiency in the system .
4179PRP V N V N . <eoc> we can do the same things in fact doing less energy .
4180N V . <eoc> the data was not available before .
4181V N . <eoc> but that happens a lot of undesirable transportation and more complicated things .
4182N V PRP V PRP V N V N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> the other thing is that we believe that if we see every day that the cup that we throw away , not just disappears that it 's still on the planet .
4183N PRP V N . <eoc> and the plastic bottle we still throw away every day .
4184PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if we 'd show that people , then we can push change behavior change .
4185V N . <eoc> so that 's the reason for this project .
4186PRP N , N , PRP V N PRP V , V N PRP N . <eoc> my colleague at mit , ahsaf biman , could you even much more about that and the many other wonderful things that you can do with you , but i want to talk about the second part of the environment .
4187N V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> and the first project is something that we made a few years ago in the zaragua , spain .
4188PRP V N V PRP V N V N V N V N . <eoc> it started with a question of the mayor that came to us and said that spain and minda is a beautiful tradition to use water in public places than part of architecture .
4189N V , V PRP V N , N . <eoc> and the question was , how could you connect technology , new technology with this ?
4190N V N , V N , N , N , N , V . <eoc> and one of the ideas that were involved in a working circle , to imagine these chimneys , and valves , magnetic valves , valves open , open .
4191PRP V N . <eoc> they cause something like a water curtain at the point of water .
4192N V , PRP V PRP , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> if these images fall down , you can write it , you can write patterns , images , text .
4193PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and they can approach him , and he 's going to open up to jump them down as they can see on this image .
4194, PRP V N . <eoc> well , we introduced the mayor of belhole .
4195PRP V PRP . <eoc> it really loved him .
4196PRP V N V N . <eoc> and we got the mission to design the aisle of the expo .
4197PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we called it the digital water pavilion .
4198N V N . <eoc> the whole building was out of water .
4199V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> there are no doors or windows , but when they approach it , it will open and open it into it .
4200N V N . <eoc> the roof was also covered with water .
4201PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and when it 's windy , if you want to reduce the syringes , you can actually drop the roof .
4202PRP V N , N , PRP V , N PRP V N , PRP V N V , PRP V N . N <eoc> or you could close the building and the whole architecture , like in this case , you know that day , when you go down the roof , you get pictures of people who were there and say , " they 've destroyed the building . "
4203, PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> no , they haven 't destroyed the building , it 's just so that architecture almost disappears .
4204PRP V N V . <eoc> so here you see the building works .
4205PRP V N V . <eoc> you see the person who 's going on and what happens inside .
4206PRP V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and here you see me when i tried to test the sensors that opened the water to not get wet .
4207, N V PRP N V N . <eoc> now , i should tell you what happened one night when all the sensors stopped working .
4208N , PRP V N . <eoc> but in that night , it was a greater fun at this night .
4209N V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> all the kids from the plaguan came to the building , because the way they played with the building was quite different .
4210N V PRP V PRP , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> no longer a building that would open to open it to you , but a building that still had breaks and holes in the water , you had to jump down without wet .
4211V , PRP , N , N , N , PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and that was , for us , very exciting , because as architects , engineers , as designers , we always think about how the people who use things that we design .
4212N V . <eoc> but reality is always unpredictable .
4213V N V N . <eoc> and that 's the nice thing to create things that are used and interact with the people .
4214V N V N , N . <eoc> here 's a picture of the building with the physical imagery points , the imagery points of water and the projections .
4215V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> and this is what we 've got to think about the following project i 'm going to show you now .
4216N V . <eoc> imagine that image could really start flying .
4217N PRP V N V N , N PRP V N V N . <eoc> imagine you could have little helicopter on the air that fly through the air , and every one of you with a little reference point -- almost like a cloud that can move through the space .
4218V N . <eoc> here 's the video .
4219V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> imagine a helicopter in how you saw earlier that moves with others , absolutely synchronization .
4220PRP V N . <eoc> you can have that cloud .
4221PRP V N , N . <eoc> you can have a kind of flexible screen or display , like this -- an equal formation in two dimensions .
4222, N , N V , N V N . <eoc> or less frequently , in three dimensions , where the difference is changing , the light is not the position of the imagery .
4223PRP V N . <eoc> they can play with different kinds of games .
4224N V N , N . <eoc> imagine that screen could just appear in different forms or sizes , in different forms .
4225V N V PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but then this could be just a 3d cloud of pictures that you can go and through which you 're moving through that you can look at a lot of different directions .
4226PRP V N V N . <eoc> and here you see a real flying filfigunet that goes down to the same way before an equal shift .
4227PRP V N , PRP V . PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you turn the light , it looks like this . so as we saw it before .
4228V N V . <eoc> imagine that every single one of people are being operated .
4229PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> it could have an impulse on a impulse that comes from people , from the motions of people or anything .
4230N V PRP N . <eoc> i want to show you something first here .
4231PRP V N , N PRP N V N V PRP N . <eoc> we 've been working with roberto boel , one of the best ballet dancer of our time -- the étoid at the metropolitan theater in new york and the scala in milan -- and use his movements in 3d to use this as a impulse for flying .
4232PRP V . <eoc> you can see roberto dance .
4233N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> on the left-hand side , you see the imagery points , the different obterior sense .
4234PRP V N . <eoc> it 's at the same time 3d scan and a movement recording .
4235PRP V N . <eoc> so they can feel the whole movement .
4236PRP V N . <eoc> you can do that all the time .
4237, PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but then , once we have all the information points , they can play with it and make color movement and dials .
4238V PRP V N . <eoc> that 's what we want to use as a kind of impulse for flying .
4239N V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> i want to show you the latest project that we 're working on .
4240PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's something we work for the olympics in london .
4241PRP V N . <eoc> it 's called the cloud -- the cloud .
4242N V , V PRP V N V N PRP V PRP V N , N . <eoc> the idea is , imagine what we 're going to do with people to do something and change the environment -- almost something like we call it , but with a cloud .
4243V N V N . <eoc> imagine that every one can give a little donation to an image .
4244N V N V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> i think the remarkable thing that happened over the last decade , the last decade is that we have changed from a physical world .
4245V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> this has digitized everything , you know and makes it available through the internet .
4246N , PRP V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> nowadays , for the first time we can -- and the campaign of obama has shown -- we can switch from the digital world from the digital world to change in the physical world .
4247, PRP N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so , in our case , we 're using it to design and create a symbol .
4248V N V . <eoc> that 's called something that 's built in the city .
4249N , PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but tomorrow , it can provide the next challenges -- you think about climate change or co2 emissions , how can we change from the digital world to the laws .
4250, N V PRP V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> so , the idea is that we actually do the people in which they 're doing things together , collectively .
4251N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> the cloud is again a cloud from images , in the same way , a cloud of particles is a cloud from particles .
4252N V N PRP N V N . <eoc> and these particles are water as our cloud is a cloud from images .
4253PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's a physical piece of london , but with imagery points .
4254PRP V N . <eoc> they can move inside and create different kinds of experiences .
4255PRP V PRP N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> you can actually look at them from the bottom of the most important moments of olympic 2012 and refuge , and it 's as a way of using the community .
4256, N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> so both , the physical cloud in the sky , and something about the top you can go like london is a new mountain summit .
4257PRP V . <eoc> you can go inside .
4258N , N , N V N . <eoc> and a kind of digital lighthouse in the night -- but as a very important , a new kind of experience , for everybody who wants to go to the top .
4259N . <eoc> thanks .
4260N , N V N . <eoc> as an artist , i have a very important connection .
4261PRP N , V N V N V . <eoc> through my work , i 'm trying to say that people are not separate from nature and that everything is interconnected .
4262N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> the first time , i was nearly 10 years ago in antarctica where i saw my first ice mountains .
4263V N . <eoc> i handle awe .
4264PRP N , PRP V , N V N V PRP . <eoc> my heart , and my heart , i was rayed while i was trying to make the difference before me .
4265N V PRP N , N V N V N , N . <eoc> the ice mountains around me was almost filled with 60 feet from the water , and i could just wonder that this was a snowflake on another snow , year after year .
4266N V N , V N . <eoc> ice mountains are born as a calf of a glacier , or by breaking out of ice boards .
4267N V PRP N . <eoc> every iceberg has its own individual personality .
4268PRP V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> they interact with their environment and their experiences .
4269N V N , N V N . <eoc> some people like to give up and steal from the bitter end , whereas others don 't get into a tantic-dramatic passion .
4270PRP V N , PRP V PRP V , PRP V N PRP . <eoc> if you look at an iceberg , you think that they 're isolated , separate and alone , as we often see people all of us .
4271N V . <eoc> but the truth is far from that .
4272N , N V PRP N . <eoc> during the ice berg , i breathe its ancient atmosphere .
4273N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> during the ice mountain , it 's going to clean mineral water , which feeds a lot of life .
4274N V PRP N , N V N PRP N , N , PRP V N , V . <eoc> i 'm going to go to my pictures of these ice mountains , as if i was making portraits of my ancestors , in the conscious mind , that they are looking at these individual eye , and never to exist .
4275PRP V N PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it 's not death when you melt ; it 's not a end , but it 's a continuation of your pathways along the cycle .
4276N V N . <eoc> part of the ice in the ice mountains is very young -- a few thousand years old .
4277N V N . <eoc> and part of the ice is more than 100,000 years old .
4278N V PRP , V N V N . <eoc> the last images i 'd like to show you , show a polar iceberg that i picked up in ketsuram in greenland .
4279, PRP V N . <eoc> very rarely , you actually see a roaring iceberg .
4280V PRP V . <eoc> here 's what you see here .
4281N PRP V N . <eoc> on the left you see a little boat .
4282V N . <eoc> that 's about five feet long .
4283V N , PRP V N . <eoc> please look at the shape of the iceberg , and where it 's in the water line .
4284PRP V , PRP V , N V N , N V . <eoc> you can see here , he 's starting to roll , and the boat moves on the other side , the man stands there .
4285V N . <eoc> this is the average size of a greenland iceberg .
4286PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's about 120 feet from the water , or 40 meters .
4287N V N . <eoc> and this video is real time .
4288, PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> and just like that , it shows the iceberg a different side of his personality .
4289N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
4290PRP N V N . <eoc> my life is really extraordinarily blessed by working on some amazing projects .
4291N V , PRP V N . <eoc> but at the coolest thing i 've ever been working on , it was about this guy .
4292PRP N V . <eoc> his name is temple .
4293N V N . <eoc> temple one of the leading graffiti artists in the ' 80s .
4294N , PRP V N V , N , PRP N V . N <eoc> then one day , he came back from walking and said , " pacps , my legs were stounding . "
4295V N . <eoc> and that was the outbreak of injury .
4296N V N . <eoc> temple today is completely paralyzed today .
4297PRP V PRP N . <eoc> he can only use his eyes .
4298N V PRP . <eoc> i was standing to him .
4299N V N , N , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> i have a company , the design and animations , so graffiti is inevitably a complex part of what we admire in the art world .
4300PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> so we decided to have tony -- tempt -- and support his thing .
4301N V PRP N PRP N V , N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i met with his father and his brother and said , " we 're going to give you this money .
4302V PRP V PRP . V <eoc> what are you going to do with it ? "
4303PRP N V , N V N . <eoc> and his brother said , " i just want to talk to tony .
4304N V PRP , N V , N , V N V N V N . N <eoc> i just want to go back to him , and i said , " wait a moment , that 's not -- i saw stephen hawking -- can 't all paralyzed people using these devices ? "
4305PRP V , N , PRP V N V N , PRP V . <eoc> and he said , " no , only if you 've heard about the higher social layer and a remarkable insurance , you can really do that .
4306N V N . N <eoc> normal people are not available to these devices . "
4307N V , V PRP V . N <eoc> and i said , " how do you communicate ? "
4308N V N . N <eoc> anybody saw the movie " butterfly ? "
4309PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so they communicate -- they 're going to walk along the way .
4310N V , N , V . N <eoc> i said , " very iconic , how can this be ? "
4311V N , V N , V N V N V PRP . <eoc> so i came with the need , just to put a check , and instead i asked a check that i didn 't know the best idea of how i should fix it .
4312N V PRP N PRP N PRP N , N , PRP N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i commit myself to the place and to his brother and his father -- in the words , " well , my proposal is like to find his art , he can make his art .
4313PRP V N V N V PRP . V <eoc> because it 's a farce that someone who doesn 't have anything else in it . "
4314V N . <eoc> so i talked about a few months later at a conference .
4315N V N , N , PRP V N V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> i met these people from grl , graffiti research lab , and they have a technology that allows you to put a light on every surface and draw on a laser surface to draw that the negative surface .
4316PRP V N . <eoc> so they 're moving around and make art installations like this .
4317PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> they say that all things that are displayed up there is a life cycle .
4318PRP V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> it starts with the sexual causes , then the hindlines come on the bush , and finally , people really do art .
4319V N PRP N . <eoc> but there was always a life cycle in your presentation .
4320V N V PRP N V PRP N , PRP V , N , N V N , PRP V N , V . N <eoc> so i went home and i ate with my wife and told her about everything , and we thought , " well , second , if there 's this technology , that it would be brilliant , that would be brilliant . "
4321V N . <eoc> that was the beginning of the journey .
4322N , N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and about two years later , about a year later , after a lot of organization and a lot of things , and we achieved some things .
4323, PRP V N V N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> first , we have the insurance services to the doors , and they actually get a device for a device that he can communicate -- an stephen hawking machine .
4324V . <eoc> that was incredible .
4325PRP V N V PRP , PRP V PRP , PRP V N , PRP V , N V , N V . N <eoc> and he 's really extremely funny -- i call him yoga , because you 're talking to him , or you get an email , and you think , " i 'm so unworthy , this guy is incredible . "
4326PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and we also flew seven programmers from all around the world -- literally from all the corners of the world -- to us home .
4327PRP N , PRP N , N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> my wife , my children , and i pulled into the garage , and these hackers and programmers and conspiracies that have taken our house .
4328PRP N V PRP V N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> many of our friends thought that we were beautiful dumb to do that and that we came back and all the images on the walls would be graffiti .
4329N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP N V , PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> but for over two weeks , we have programmed we went to the beach mall in venice , my children were involved , my dog , and we created this .
4330PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's called ew huachiter , and you can see the description .
4331V N PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> this is a cheap sunglasses we bought at the beach market , a little copper wire , a couple of things from the construction market and the electronic trade .
4332PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V PRP , PRP V N , N V PRP . <eoc> we took a psthree camera , they 've made apart , they put them on an led light , and now we have a device that is free -- you can build it , we can download the code for free , the software can download for free .
4333PRP V N V N . <eoc> so we created a device that is completely freely by constraints .
4334N V N . <eoc> no insurance can make curve .
4335N . <eoc> no hospital either .
4336, N V PRP N . <eoc> now , everybody paralyzed can actually communicate with his eyes or draw .
4337N . <eoc> thanks .
4338N PRP . V . <eoc> thank you very much . that was incredible .
4339N , PRP V N . <eoc> so at the end of the two weeks , we went back to the field room .
4340N V N , PRP V N , V PRP N . <eoc> i love this picture , because it 's the room of someone else , and this is his room .
4341V N . <eoc> there 's all this runaming of the great unveiling .
4342N , N , N V , V N . <eoc> and after a year of planning , two weeks of programming work , all of the people who were doing , drew tony to the first time after seven years .
4343V N , V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and this is an amazing picture , because this is his life support system , and it looks beyond his life support system .
4344PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> we 've seeked his bed with it to see out there .
4345PRP V N V N . <eoc> we created a projection site to have a wall of parking in front of the hospital .
4346PRP V N , PRP N PRP N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and he painted again for the first time , in his family and friends -- and you can just imagine what a feeling that it was in the parking lot .
4347, PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> well , we also had to break even in the parking lot , we felt it as a part of the spray scene .
4348N , PRP V PRP N , N , N V N . <eoc> at the end , he sent us an email to the first time , " for the first time , i was drawn something .
4349N V N V N , N V PRP N V PRP N V . V <eoc> i feel the feeling that i was put under water , and finally someone went down and ended up getting my head up and i can breathe for me . "
4350N . <eoc> isn 't that mind-blowing ?
4351V N PRP N . <eoc> this is something like our humscry .
4352V PRP N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> that keeps us at the pole , and it keeps us further .
4353PRP V N . <eoc> and we need to improve a lot of this device .
4354PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's an amazing device , but it comes from a magic panel .
4355N V N . <eoc> and someone who has such artistic potential deserves so much more .
4356PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> so we 're actually trying to figure out how you make it better faster and stronger .
4357N , PRP V N . <eoc> since that time , we have all sorts of recognition .
4358PRP V N . <eoc> we 've won a few awards .
4359V , PRP V , N PRP . <eoc> remember , it 's free , no one of us deserves .
4360PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it comes all from our own pockets .
4361N V , N , V . N <eoc> so the drawings were , " oh , that 's fantastic . "
4362, N V PRP , N , V PRP N , N V . <eoc> armstrong , armstrong twitched over us and then , in december , has been honored us the time magazine , when one of the 50 best invention in 2010 was really great .
4363N V N PRP V N , N V N V N V N . N <eoc> the coolest thing is -- and that includes all the circle -- it 's this april , in the city of los angeles called the inner city of los angeles called " the way of the solutions . "
4364V N V N , N , N , N V . <eoc> and there will be the hardest representative of the street art scene where -- bansy , sheparlafarey , cats , cats -- all these guys are going to be there .
4365N V N , V . <eoc> temple in part of the show , which is pretty straightforward .
4366, PRP V N V , PRP V . <eoc> so basically , when you see something that 's impossible , then it 's possible .
4367N V N , N , N , N V . <eoc> everything in this room was impossible -- this stage , this computer , this microphone , the efirst riter -- everything was not possible .
4368V PRP . PRP V . <eoc> make it possible . you all do here .
4369N V N V N , N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm not a programmer and had never been able to do anything with the source technology , but i just captured something and i was surrounded with amazing people so we could put something on the legs .
4370N V PRP V N PRP V N , V . N , V . <eoc> and that question should have each of you and it 's for every single day to tell you something that needs to be done , if not ? if not , if , if i don 't , who ?
4371N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
4372, V N , V N . <eoc> so , i write for kids , and probably america 's most common children 's book .
4373N V N V N V N . <eoc> and i always say that i always want to get people that i don 't want to get a scientist .
4374PRP V PRP N , N , N V N . <eoc> you can have me as a farmer , or in leather , but nobody has ever elected farmers .
4375N V PRP N . <eoc> today i want to tell you about circles and revelations .
4376, N V N PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> well , an epiphany is usually something that you find because you drop it somewhere .
4377PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> you go around the block , and you take it as a revelation .
4378V N . <eoc> this is a painting of a circle .
4379PRP N V N . <eoc> one of my friends did this -- richard boingbroke .
4380PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> it 's the kind of complicated circle that i 'd like to tell you today .
4381PRP N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> my circle started in the ' 60s at high school in stow , ohio , where i was doing the classroom .
4382N V N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> i was the one who saved every week in the juvenile toilets , and blue , until a teacher saved my life .
4383PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> she saved my life by using me the toilet in the teacher room .
4384PRP V PRP . <eoc> they did it .
4385PRP V PRP N . <eoc> she did it for three years .
4386N V N . <eoc> and i had to go out of town .
4387N V N , N V N , PRP V PRP N , N V N V N . <eoc> i had a thumb , i had 85 dollars , and it proposed me to san francisco -- i found a lover -- and then in the ' 80s , i was important to take a work in aids organizations .
4388N , N V N , N V , N V PRP . <eoc> about three or four years ago , i was in the middle of the night a call from this teacher , woman who said , " i have to see them .
4389N V PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm sad that we have never learned as adults .
4390PRP V N , V PRP V N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> you can come to ohio , and please come together with the man that i know you 've found it to happen by it .
4391N V N V N , N V PRP V . V <eoc> and i should mention that i 've got the cat name , and i want you to go . "
4392, N PRP V N . <eoc> well , the next day we were in cleveland .
4393PRP V PRP , PRP V , PRP V , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we saw them , we laughed , we weep , and we knew they had to be in a hospice .
4394PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> we found one for them , we brought them up , and we kissed ourselves around them , and we gave them eight because it was necessary because it needed .
4395PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> it was something we knew to do .
4396N V PRP N V PRP , PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and just as the woman who wanted to learn me as an adult learning me , she turned into a box of ash and turned into my hands .
4397V N V , PRP V N V N V . <eoc> what happened was that the circle closed , it was a circle -- and the revelation that i was talking about .
4398N V N V N . <eoc> the revelation is that death is part of life .
4399PRP V PRP N , PRP N V PRP . <eoc> she saved my life , and my partner and i shared her .
4400PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and you know , this part of life needs everything the rest of life .
4401PRP V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> he needs truth and beauty , and i 'm so happy that it 's been mentioned so often .
4402PRP V PRP V , N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> he needs the same thing -- he needs , love and pleasure , and it 's to give us these things .
4403N . <eoc> thanks .
4404V N PRP V N . <eoc> imagine a big explosion as you go on 1,000 meters .
4405N V N . <eoc> imagine a plane filled with smoke .
4406V N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> imagine a machine , the flap , tick , ballet , ballet , ballet , ballet .
4407N . <eoc> that sounds scary .
4408, N V N V . <eoc> well , i had a unique place on this day ; i was sitting on 1d .
4409N V N V N . <eoc> i was the only one who could speak with the airkeepers .
4410V PRP , PRP V , N , PRP V N . N <eoc> and so i looked at it , and they said , " no problem , we 've caught a few birds . "
4411N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the pilot did this machine , and we were not so far away .
4412PRP V N . <eoc> you could see manhattan .
4413N , N V . <eoc> two minutes later , three things happened at the same time .
4414N V N . <eoc> the pilot set up the machine after the hudson river .
4415PRP V N . <eoc> it 's usually not the route .
4416PRP V N . <eoc> it turns out the motor stations .
4417V N . <eoc> imagine a sound airplane .
4418PRP V N V N V . <eoc> and then he said three words -- the emblems words i 've ever heard .
4419PRP V , V N . N <eoc> he says , " pay for scratch for scratch . "
4420N V N V N . <eoc> i didn 't have to talk to the handouts .
4421N V PRP N , V , N V . <eoc> i could see it in their eyes , there was nasty , the life was to end .
4422N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i want to tell you three things that i learned about this day .
4423N V N V . <eoc> i learned that in a moment everything is different .
4424PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N V N V N V . <eoc> we have this future plan , we have these things that we want to do in life and i thought to all the people who i wanted to do and never did .
4425N V PRP , N V , N V N . N <eoc> while i was thinking about it , i noticed a saying , " i collect bad guys . "
4426N V , N V , V PRP . <eoc> because if the wine is that , and the person is there , i open it .
4427N V N . <eoc> i never want to move more to life .
4428N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> and this urgency , this goal , has really changed my life .
4429N V N V PRP V N , N V , V N V . <eoc> the second thing i learned about this day -- and that was when we got the george washington bridge , rather than hair -- i thought , man , there 's one thing that i really regret .
4430N V N . <eoc> i had a good life .
4431PRP N , PRP N , N V N V . <eoc> in my own humanity , and with my mistakes , i would get better in everything i packaged .
4432PRP N , N V PRP N . <eoc> but in my humanity , i have given my ego .
4433V N V N V N . <eoc> and i took the time i wasted a meaningful stuff with people who mean something .
4434V N PRP N , N , N . <eoc> and i thought about the relationship with my wife , friends , people .
4435, N V PRP , N V N PRP N . <eoc> and then , when i thought about it , i decided to put negative energy from my life .
4436PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> it 's not perfect , but it 's much better .
4437N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i didn 't have two years more with my wife .
4438PRP V . <eoc> it feels great .
4439V N V . <eoc> i don 't try to have right ; i decide to be happy .
4440N V N V , N , N . <eoc> the third thing that i learned -- and while the inner clock starts out , " 15 , 14 , 13 , ... " sleep .
4441PRP V N . <eoc> you see the water .
4442N V , N V N . N <eoc> i said , " please swim in the air . "
4443V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i don 't want this thing to cut into 20 parts of what i know it from a documentary .
4444PRP V , N V N V . <eoc> while we fail , i had this sense and human to die is not terrifying .
4445PRP V PRP N . <eoc> almost as if we prepare for our lives for life .
4446PRP V . <eoc> but it was very sad .
4447N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i didn 't want to go ; i love my life .
4448N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> and that sadness really is in a mind , which is that i just give me one thing .
4449N V N V PRP N V . <eoc> i just wish i could see my children growing up .
4450N , N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> about a month after that , i visited a performance of my daughter -- first grader , not a lot of artistic talent .
4451. <eoc> ... not yet .
4452N V , V N . <eoc> and i feel like , i 'm like a little kid .
4453N , N V N PRP . <eoc> and in the world , everything had a sense to me .
4454N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> i was so clear by the time that i was connecting to the dots that it 's just about being a great father .
4455N , N , PRP N V N . <eoc> more than anything , everything else , my only goal in life is to be a good father .
4456N V N V N . <eoc> i became the wonder part of being not dying of that day .
4457N V N , V N , V . <eoc> i received another gift , which is to see the future , and come back and live differently .
4458PRP N V N V N V PRP N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> my call to everybody who flies today is : imagine the same thing happening on your flight -- please don 't -- but imagine you -- and how would you change ?
4459PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> what would they do that they go up because they think they 'd be there for them to be there ?
4460PRP V PRP N , N PRP . <eoc> how would you change your relationships , and the negative energy in it ?
4461N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and more than anything else , they are the best parents that they can only be ?
4462N . <eoc> thanks .
4463N V . <eoc> the idea behind the stuxnet computer worm is pretty straightforward .
4464PRP V N V N . <eoc> we don 't want iran to build the bomb .
4465N V N V N . <eoc> the most important division there is in the development of nuclear weapons is the uran-incentive institution in nature .
4466N PRP V , V N . <eoc> the gray boxes you see here , this is real-time control systems .
4467PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> now if we 're going to do the systems to be able to control the script and valves , then we can actually make a lot of problems with the centrifuge .
4468N V N PRP V N . <eoc> these gray boxes run not with windows software ; they 're based on a completely different technology .
4469PRP V PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but if we create it that an effective windows virus on a laptop that 's used by a wart engineer , and we 're in business .
4470V N . <eoc> and that 's the planning behind stuxnet .
4471PRP V N . <eoc> so we start with a window rates .
4472N V N , V N , N , V . <eoc> the use data is transcharged with the gray box , damaged the centrifuge , and the iranian drug program , goes on -- mission accomplished .
4473V N , . <eoc> that 's a child game , right ?
4474N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> i want to tell you how we found it .
4475PRP V PRP N , N V N V N . <eoc> when we started our research at stuxnet , six months ago was completely unknown what the meaning and purpose of this constructive was .
4476N PRP V , V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> the only thing we knew is very , very complicated , which is the windows part , the rates -- part , it made of thousands of beans -- dayor .
4477PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> and it seemed to have something , with these gray boxes , this real-time -- control systems .
4478PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V PRP N , V N . <eoc> it made our attention , and we started a lab -- project where we infected our environment with stuxnet infected , and studied this construct .
4479N V . <eoc> and then something weird happened .
4480N V N V PRP N V PRP N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> stuxnet gave up like a lab rat that didn 't like our cheese -- sniff out of it , but didn 't want it to eat him .
4481PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it didn 't make sense in my eyes .
4482PRP V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and after we experimented with various types of cheese , i went to say it 's a targeted attack .
4483PRP V N . <eoc> it 's totally defined by a specific goal .
4484N V N , N V , N V PRP V N . <eoc> the droop deals table on the gray box , when a particular configuration was discovered , even if the special program that it 's trying to do in this goal .
4485PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if it 's not , it doesn 't matter .
4486, V PRP N , PRP V PRP , N , N V , PRP V N V . <eoc> so , that really blew my interest , and we started working with it , almost around the clock , because i thought , well , we don 't know what the goal is .
4487PRP V , N , N , N . <eoc> it could say , for example , a user -- american power station , or a chemical plant in germany .
4488PRP V . <eoc> so we should go better to figure out what the goal is .
4489N V PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> so extracts and deplated we did the attack code and found that he 's put up in two digital warheads -- smaller and a bigger one .
4490PRP V PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and we also realized that they were very professional designed , from people who were obviously using information .
4491PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> they knew all bits and bytes they had to attack .
4492PRP V N . <eoc> they probably knew the size of the engine 's body size .
4493PRP V N . <eoc> so they knew everything .
4494PRP V , V N V , V PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> and if you 've got to get , that the droper is complex and high-tech is , let me tell you : the use data is a science for yourself .
4495PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> it 's much more sophisticated than anything we 've ever seen .
4496V N . <eoc> here 's a clip from this attack code .
4497PRP V N . <eoc> we 're talking about here -- about 15,000 lines .
4498PRP V N . <eoc> it looks pretty much like ancient lamarsea-group .
4499N V PRP V N . <eoc> and i want to tell you how we 're able to become smart in this code .
4500PRP V N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> so what we were looking for first were systems -- systems function , because we know what this cause is .
4501PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and then we looked for procedures and data structures and tried to bring this to the real world to connect -- with potential goals in the real world .
4502PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> so we needed theories about these targets that we could do or disagreed .
4503V N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> so to put these theories , we call ourselves that it 's definitely about high heart attacks , it has to be a high-value goal , and most of the infections are reported there .
4504, N , V N . <eoc> now , in this area , there 's no number of thousands of goals .
4505, PRP V N , N . <eoc> basically , it runs out on the buoyancy plant , and on the ur-handling system in nature .
4506N V PRP N , N V PRP N . N <eoc> so i said to my assistant , " try a list of all the experts on centrifuge and power plants from our client tribe . "
4507N V PRP , PRP V PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> and i called them , and he posted her knowledge to look at the study of what we found in code and in the data .
4508V . <eoc> and that worked very well .
4509, PRP V N . <eoc> so , it was possible to bring the little digital warhead with the rotorl .
4510N V N , N PRP V . <eoc> the rotor is this moving part within the centrifuge , that black object you see .
4511PRP V N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and if you manipulate the speed of this rotors , then you 're actually able to break the rotor to break , and finally , to leave the centrifuge .
4512PRP V N V PRP V N V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> what we 've also found is that the goal of the attack was actually -- it was slow and intimidating happen , obviously in trying to make warping engineers so that they can 't be able to come out of it .
4513N PRP V N V N . <eoc> the great digital warhead -- we got a glimpse by looking at very precise data and data structures .
4514N , N V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> so for example , the number of 164 am very excited from this code ; you can 't oversee it .
4515N V N V N V PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> i started working with a scientific literature to work about how this centrifuge in nature is built and found that they 're formulated in so-called cavalry , and every cat has 164 centrifuge .
4516V N , PRP V . <eoc> so that made sense , it fit together .
4517PRP V . <eoc> and it was even better .
4518N V N . <eoc> this centrifuge in iran are divided into 15 so-called layers .
4519V PRP V N . <eoc> and guess what we found in the attack code ?
4520PRP V N . <eoc> it 's an almost identical structure .
4521, PRP V . <eoc> so again , it really worked together .
4522V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> and this gave us great confidence for what we studied here .
4523, V PRP , V N . <eoc> now , don 't get me wrong , that didn 't just like that .
4524N V N . <eoc> these results were achieved by several weeks of hard work .
4525PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> and often we ran into a dead end , and they had to re-collect us .
4526, PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> anyway , we found that both digital warheads are actually on one and the same goal , but from different directions .
4527N V N , V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> the little warhead takes over a cambode , and overturn the rotors , and slowed it down and the big warhead closes with six cacskins in interaction and manipulating valves .
4528N , PRP V PRP V N V . <eoc> so in the big way , we 're very confident that we actually have defined what the goal is .
4529PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's pacifying , and it 's just genetics .
4530PRP V N V N . <eoc> so we don 't have to worry that other goals could be hit by stuxnet .
4531V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> here 's something really cool stuff that we discovered -- it really made me out of the sock .
4532V N , PRP V N . <eoc> there 's the gray box there , and you see the centrifuge .
4533, V N V N V N , V N , V N , V N . <eoc> now , what this thing does is that there 's the input of sensors -- so for example of printing sensors and vibre-sensors sensors -- and there 's legitimized code , which is still , using false computing data , running .
4534N , N V . <eoc> and in fact , this false input data is recorded before .
4535PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> so it 's just like in hollywood movies , where in the subway hunting camera was fed with the video camera shots .
4536N , . <eoc> that 's cool , right ?
4537N V , N V N . <eoc> the idea of this is obviously not just , the machine department of the control lists in the control room .
4538N , PRP V . <eoc> in fact , it 's much more dangerous and more aggressive .
4539N V N . <eoc> the idea is to solve a digital security system .
4540PRP V N V . <eoc> we need digital security systems where a human machine language can 't respond fast enough .
4541N , N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> so in a power plant , for example , when the big steam messenger has to be quickly , you have to open off load within milliseconds .
4542N , PRP V N . <eoc> of course , it can 't be done by a human machine leader .
4543N , PRP V N . <eoc> so at this point , we need digital security systems .
4544N V , N V . <eoc> and if the risk is at risk , really , things can happen .
4545N V . <eoc> power can actually explode .
4546N , N V . <eoc> and neither of the machine leaders , even the security system will notice .
4547V . <eoc> this is frightening .
4548PRP V . <eoc> but it gets worse .
4549V . <eoc> and what i 'm saying is very important now .
4550N PRP . V . <eoc> think about it . this is generic .
4551PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> he doesn 't have anything to do with centrifuge , with preaching .
4552PRP V N . <eoc> so he would work so well -- in a power station or in a car factory .
4553PRP V . <eoc> it 's generic .
4554PRP V N PRP V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and you don 't have to -- as the attacker -- you don 't have to use the use of the user -- you can 't see it at stuxnet .
4555PRP V N . <eoc> you could also use ordinary worm technology to the census .
4556PRP V PRP . <eoc> you just have to spread it out as far as possible .
4557PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you do that , you eventually have a cyber weapon of mass destruction .
4558V N PRP V . <eoc> that 's the implication we have to confront .
4559, N V N . <eoc> so unfortunately , the largest number of goals are not in the middle east .
4560PRP V N , N . <eoc> they 're in the united states , in europe and japan .
4561N , V N . <eoc> so all these green areas , these are the very richest environments .
4562PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we need to ask the consequences , and we 'll start to prepare for us .
4563N . <eoc> thanks .
4564N V N . <eoc> i have a question .
4565N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> ralph , it was reported very much of that people think that the moasad is the main organization behind .
4566V PRP N . <eoc> is that your mind ?
4567N , PRP V . <eoc> okay , you really want to know this ?
4568N . N . <eoc> yeah . okay .
4569N V N V , N V . <eoc> i think that 's something that 's involved , but the driving force is not israel .
4570N V N . <eoc> so the driving force is the cyber -- superpower .
4571V N , N . <eoc> there 's only one and these are the united states -- luckily , happiness .
4572, PRP N V . <eoc> because otherwise , our problem would be even bigger .
4573N PRP V PRP N . N PRP N . <eoc> thank you for inviting me a hurry . thank you ralph .
4574N V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i 've spent the last couple of years to place me in situations which are normally very difficult and at the same time .
4575N V N . <eoc> i went to prison -- hard .
4576N V N . <eoc> i worked in a coal mining -- dangerous .
4577N V N . <eoc> i filmed in war areas -- difficult and dangerous .
4578N V N V N V N , N , N . <eoc> and i spent 30 days not to eat anything as this -- drawing at the beginning , a little bit difficult in the middle , very dangerous at the end .
4579, N V N PRP N V N , V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> actually , i have the biggest part of my career that seems to be exposed to terrible situations , and all of the effort for trying to study a social number of people who are making and interesting to be a kind of understanding what they do for the audience .
4580N V N V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> so when i knew i was going to come here to look at a tedtalk the world of burning and sponsors , i knew i was going to do something a little bit different .
4581PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> some of you may have heard of that i had an ad on ebay on me a few weeks ago .
4582N V N , N , N V N V N PRP N . <eoc> i sent a couple of facebook news , some twitter news , and i gave people the possibility of being told to the name of the name of my tedtalk 2011 .
4583, N , N , V N V N V N V N . <eoc> really , some happy people and companies , for-profit and noxiprofits , the unique opportunity -- because i 'm sure chris anderson to have given a lot of evidence and not have been a lot of evidence of what was going to be the subject .
4584PRP V PRP N V PRP N PRP V N V N , N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> so what you got was this : your name here is : my tedtalk that you have no idea what 's going to be the subject , and the best of the ears could fly and especially if i gave your company to be dumb at all .
4585N , PRP V N . <eoc> but of course , it 's a very good media opportunity .
4586V PRP V N V N . <eoc> do you know how many people look at these tedtalks ?
4587N . <eoc> a whole lot .
4588V N , N . <eoc> this is just the work , by the way .
4589N , N V N V N . <eoc> so despite that warning , i knew somebody would buy the name of rights .
4590PRP V PRP N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> if you had asked me this one year before a year , i wouldn 't have been able to tell you this with certainty .
4591N V , PRP N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> but in the new project that i work , my new film , we study the world of marketing , the advertising .
4592N V , N V N , N V PRP , N V N V N . <eoc> as i said , i was walking around for years in some pretty awful situations , but nothing could prepare me , nothing could be willing to go on something so hard and so dangerous to these guys in a room .
4593PRP V , N V N . <eoc> you know , i had the idea for a movie .
4594N V N , N , N V N , N . <eoc> what i want to do is a film about productions , marketing and advertising , where the whole film is funded by producproof , marketing and advertising .
4595N V N . N <eoc> and the film will be called " the grey test module solver solver . "
4596N V N V N , N , V N V N , V N . <eoc> so what 's happening in " the grey " moist sover soled is that everything from the top down , from the beginning to the end , completely with brands -- by the cover sponsor , which is the brand in the movie .
4597N , V N , N <eoc> now this brand , that 's the pain of the bomb stadium , the staples center ...
4598N V N . <eoc> these people will be connected to the film in eternity forever .
4599N V N V . N , . <eoc> and so the film will look at this whole idea -- that 's what ? in eternity , forever ?
4600N V N . <eoc> i 'm a reductionist person .
4601V N . <eoc> that was more to the accent .
4602PRP V . N <eoc> it was " forever . "
4603PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but we 're not only going to have the brand x as a cover sponsor , but we 'll make sure that we 're going to sell every possible category in the movie .
4604PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V <eoc> so we might sell a shoe , and it 's going to be the greatest shoe that you 've ever worn ...
4605N PRP V N V N PRP V N . N <eoc> the greatest car that you 've ever been able to say " the grey " the greatest moist solver soled " the greatest drink you ever have had a attention of " the grey " moist solver solver . "
4606N V , V N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> so the idea is , besides showing that brands are part of life , actually to bring them to finance the film ?
4607PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and we actually show the whole process of how it works .
4608N V N . <eoc> the goal of all this film is transparency .
4609PRP V N . <eoc> you 're going to see the whole thing in the movie of the scene .
4610V N , N , N . <eoc> so this is the whole concept , the whole film , from beginning to the end .
4611N V N V . <eoc> and i would be happy if cetty to help make this happen .
4612PRP V , PRP V , N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> you know , it 's funny , because when i first heard it , it 's the ultimate respect for the audience .
4613V N V . <eoc> and i don 't know what kind of heights are going to be .
4614PRP V N V N V N , V N V PRP V . <eoc> you have a perspective -- i don 't want to use " perspective , because that has a negative review scenario -- but do you know how to develop ?
4615N V PRP . <eoc> how much money is needed to realize it ?
4616. <eoc> 1.5 million .
4617N V PRP V PRP , V PRP V N , N . <eoc> i think it 's hard to meet them , but i think it 's worth mentioning , some really famous brands .
4618V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> who knows when the movie comes out , we may see like a horglitgots .
4619V PRP V N V . <eoc> what do you think the answer is ?
4620N V . N <eoc> the answer is probably going to be " no . "
4621V N . <eoc> but is there a difficult thing about the movie or a difficult thing for me ?
4622N . <eoc> jk : both .
4623, V , . <eoc> so , that means , not so optimistic .
4624, PRP N , PRP V PRP . V N . <eoc> so , my lord , can you help me ? i need help .
4625N V . <eoc> i can help .
4626N . <eoc> okay .
4627. <eoc> fantastic .
4628PRP V N . <eoc> we need to think about what brands .
4629N . <eoc> yeah .
4630PRP V N PRP V PRP <eoc> if you look at people with them to do it ...
4631V N PRP V . <eoc> there are some places that we can do .
4632V N . <eoc> put the camera out .
4633N V , N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> i thought , " imagine the camera , " would mean we wanted to lead a background interview .
4634PRP V PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> it turns out it was actually meant , " we want to do nothing with your movie . "
4635N V , N . <eoc> and just so all these companies disappeared , one after the other .
4636N V N . <eoc> nobody wanted to do something with the movie .
4637N V . <eoc> i was amazed .
4638PRP V N V N . <eoc> they wanted to have absolutely nothing to do with the project .
4639N V , N V N , N V PRP N V N V . <eoc> and i was confused because i thought , the whole concept , the idea of advertising is to present your product as many people as possible as many people as possible to see .
4640N , N V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> especially in the world today , this intersection of new and old media and the most fragmented media media -- it 's not the idea of being in this new exciting medium of training .
4641, V . <eoc> no , that was what i thought .
4642PRP V , N V PRP N V N , V . <eoc> but you see , the problem was that my idea had a big mistake , and that was the following .
4643, V N . <eoc> actually no , that was not the mistake at all .
4644V N . <eoc> that would have been no problem at all .
4645PRP V . <eoc> it would have been okay .
4646V N V N . <eoc> but what this is a problem is a problem .
4647PRP V , PRP V N , V N V . <eoc> you see , if you put in transparency at google , that 's -- this is one of the first images that seems .
4648N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i really like your kind , sergey brin .
4649V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> this was the problem : transparency -- free of deception and peril , just to explore and look at the problem , and look at the last line -- the last line is certainly the biggest problem .
4650PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> you know , we 're listening a whole lot about transparency now .
4651PRP N V PRP , PRP N V , PRP N V . <eoc> our politicians say it , our president says it , even people say .
4652PRP V PRP V , N . <eoc> but when it comes in that it 's supposed to be implemented , something changes .
4653. , N V N V . <eoc> but why ? well , transparency is fear -- like this strange bear that 's still breeding .
4654PRP V N . <eoc> it 's unpredictable -- like this strange land street .
4655PRP N . <eoc> and it 's also very risky .
4656, V . <eoc> now , what else is risky ?
4657N . <eoc> a whole bowl cool white.
4658V . <eoc> this is very risky .
4659N V N V PRP V N , PRP V , N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so when i started talking to the companies and tell them that we wanted to tell this story , they said , " no , we want you to tell a story .
4660PRP V PRP V N , PRP V PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> we want you to tell a story , but we just want you to tell our story . "
4661PRP V , N V N , PRP N V PRP N V PRP V , PRP N , V N . <eoc> you see , when i was a kid , and my father was caught at the lie -- and there 's sitting in my view -- he would say , " my son , there 's three versions of each story .
4662V PRP N , V PRP N , V N . N <eoc> there 's your version , there 's my version , and there 's the real version . "
4663PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> so you see , with this film , we wanted to tell the true version .
4664N , N V PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> but there 's only a company , an agency was willing to help us -- and that 's because i had to do john bond and richard church -- and i had to go right with my team to the company .
4665PRP V N V PRP V N , N PRP N V , N . <eoc> so what they suddenly started to understand -- or what i started to understand -- was that when you start talking to these companies , the idea of how your brand is understood , a bigger problem .
4666N V N , N , N V N , N V . <eoc> i have friends , the great , great hollywood movies , and i have friends , the little independent films like i do .
4667PRP N , N , V N , V N PRP N V N PRP V . <eoc> and my friends , the great , great hollywood movies , say that the reason why their films are so successful , on the brands that they have .
4668PRP N V N , N , V PRP V N , N . N <eoc> and then my friends say that little independent films , " well , how are we going to compete with these big , gigantic hollywood movies ? "
4669N V N . N <eoc> and the film is called " the grey test module solver . "
4670V PRP V N . <eoc> so how are we going to see urban in the movie ?
4671N V N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> whenever i go on the way , and whenever i open the medical closet , they will see urban deovant .
4672N V N , N V , V PRP V N . <eoc> and every time i interview somebody , i can say , " are you fresh enough for this interview ?
4673V PRP . PRP V . <eoc> are you as far ? you see a little nervous .
4674N V PRP V . <eoc> i want to help you to calm down .
4675PRP V N . N <eoc> maybe you should put a little bit of this before the interview . "
4676PRP V N . <eoc> and then we offer one of these great things .
4677N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> either " flora " or " pardise wind , " you 'll have the choice .
4678PRP V N , N , N , N , . <eoc> we 're being used for men as well as women , on escalators , or a stick , whatever , as well , as well .
4679V N . <eoc> that 's the short socket .
4680, N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> now , i can answer all your questions and give you an empty socket .
4681PRP V N . <eoc> we 're a smaller brand .
4682PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so as you talked about the smaller movies , we 're a challenge as a brand .
4683PRP V N . <eoc> so we don 't have a budget like other brands .
4684V N V PRP V , V N V N PRP V . <eoc> so these are things to do -- you know , remember people in urban -- that 's kind of what we 're interested in .
4685N , PRP V N . <eoc> in terms of words , would they describe ban ?
4686N V N . <eoc> urban is bantk .
4687V N . <eoc> that 's a great question .
4688V N . <eoc> loving technology .
4689N V N V N V N . <eoc> technology is not the way to describe something that someone is under the rollles .
4690PRP V N , . <eoc> we talk about audacious , fresh .
4691N V N V N V N , V N . N <eoc> i think " fresh " is a great word that this category makes really positive , unlike " fighting smell and moisture . "
4692PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's holding you fresh .
4693PRP V PRP V , N , N . <eoc> how can we make them more fresh -- better fresh , more fresh , three times more fresh .
4694N V N . <eoc> these things have a more positive impact .
4695V N . <eoc> and this is a million corporation .
4696V PRP . V N . <eoc> what about me ? what is the handle song ?
4697N V N V N V N . <eoc> i have to talk to the guy on the street that 's like i 'm going to do opec users .
4698PRP V PRP N . <eoc> you should tell me something about my brand .
4699PRP V PRP N . <eoc> how would you describe your brand ?
4700N , PRP N . <eoc> hmmm , my brand ?
4701V N V . <eoc> i don 't know .
4702N V N . <eoc> i really like to make beautiful clothes .
4703N V N , N . <eoc> the woman 's 80s : ' 80s meets skoll , except for the fine day .
4704, V N . <eoc> well , what 's the brand ry ?
4705N . <eoc> unique .
4706N V N , N V , V N . N <eoc> i think the genre , the style i have , is probably " drama glamour . "
4707N , N . <eoc> i like many black colors , lots of gray and so stuff .
4708V N , N , N . <eoc> but normally i have a accessories , like sunglasses , or a jewelry and such a stuff .
4709, N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> now , if dan would have a brand , he would probably be a classic merceth of sunrio .
4710N V , N V , N . <eoc> man 2 : the brand i am , i would say , android fly .
4711N , N , N V . <eoc> a part of the part of hippie , part of yogi , part of brooklyn girls -- i don 't know .
4712N V N . <eoc> man 3 : i 'm the ark of the ark .
4713N V N , N . <eoc> i sell rogue animals throughout the country , worldwide .
4714V PRP N V . <eoc> so i think that 's my brand is .
4715V PRP N PRP N , N . <eoc> this is my brand in my little , distorted industry .
4716N PRP N V N , N V . <eoc> man 4 : my brand is fedex , because i was out .
4717N V N . <eoc> man 5 : brand more hardworking alcohol alvulent write a berling .
4718V . <eoc> is that ?
4719N V N . <eoc> lawyer : i 'm a topb brand .
4720N V N . <eoc> i am tom .
4721, PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> well , we can 't all be the source of that , but i often look at the intersection of dark glamour and resolute fly .
4722V N V N . <eoc> and what was noticed is that i needed an expert .
4723N V N V PRP N , N V PRP V PRP V N . N <eoc> i needed someone who could go into my head , someone who really could help me understand what you call the brand personality . "
4724N V N V N . <eoc> and so i found a company called olson zaga .
4725PRP V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> they 've helped companies like nest entrance , stroke , hallmark , to discover that brand brand .
4726PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you could do it for those , you could also help me .
4727PRP V PRP N , . <eoc> you brought your pictures , yes ?
4728N V . N V N PRP N . <eoc> i have . the first picture is a picture of my family .
4729V PRP N V PRP N PRP . <eoc> tell me a little bit about how this is connected to your thoughts and feelings about yourself .
4730V N V PRP N . <eoc> these are the people who live my worldview .
4731V PRP N . <eoc> tell me about this world .
4732N . N V N PRP V N , N , N , N PRP V PRP N , N . <eoc> md : this world ? i think the world is the world where you live -- how people live around you , the friends , the family , the way you live in life , the work and so .
4733N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> all these things came from and start from a place , and for me and start with my family in west virginia .
4734V N PRP V . <eoc> what 's the next thing you want to talk about .
4735. V N PRP N . <eoc> next . this was the most beautiful day of my life .
4736N V N PRP . <eoc> what connection is that the thinking and feelings about yourself ?
4737PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's like i want to be .
4738N V . <eoc> i like things that are different .
4739N V N . N . <eoc> i like things that are weird . i like weird things .
4740V PRP V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> tell me about the " why " phase " -- what does it bring us ?
4741V N . N V PRP V . <eoc> what is the macheting ? what pup stadium are you right now ?
4742V PRP V . V . <eoc> why is it important to start ? what represents the red ?
4743V PRP N . <eoc> tell me a little bit about this part .
4744N PRP , PRP V . <eoc> a little bit more about you , you 're not .
4745V PRP V . <eoc> which more metagertic folds go through it ?
4746PRP V N V . N V PRP . <eoc> it doesn 't have to be scary . in which kind of rollercoaster do you ?
4747N . N PRP . <eoc> eeeeee ! no . thank you .
4748N PRP N . <eoc> thank you for patience .
4749N . , . <eoc> yeah . well , good .
4750N , V PRP V . <eoc> yeah , i don 't know what it 's going to be .
4751V N V . <eoc> there was a lot of crazy things going on .
4752N V N PRP N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> the first thing i saw was this idea that your brand color ecstasy two separated , but eeve pages -- the morgan ruck brand is an eighth / hidden brand .
4753PRP V . <eoc> it 's very good .
4754V N . <eoc> and i think there 's almost a contradiction .
4755V N V N , . <eoc> and i think some companies are just going to focus on a strength , rather than both .
4756N V N V N PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> many companies tend to -- and that 's human nature -- things that they 're not sure they are not sure , they 're going to fear those elements , and they 're actually a little positive , and it 's a soft chess game .
4757N V . <eoc> what other brands do ?
4758V N , N . <eoc> the first is a classic , apple .
4759PRP V PRP , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and you can see it here , target , wii , mini , mini and jeket blue .
4760, V N , N V , V N , N V N . <eoc> now , there are a brands and eight rounds brands , these things that come and go and go , but have a huge , eight and a very strong thing is a very strong thing .
4761N , V N . V PRP N . <eoc> an eighth , just played brand . how is your brand ?
4762N V PRP V PRP N , PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> if someone asked you to describe your brand identity , your brand , how would you be ?
4763PRP V N . V PRP V N V N . <eoc> you have a set of one up ? are you something that makes blood work in grooves ?
4764, V PRP . <eoc> or , are you more likely to be down ?
4765V PRP N V , . <eoc> are you something that 's a little quiet , suburban , conservative ?
4766, N V N V , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> so , in a set of ribute are things that are played out of fresh print , time-based , adventurous , fuzzy , masculpt , mologically , mystical , matane , nit, magical and myically .
4767V PRP V . <eoc> or are they more like a down to be ?
4768V PRP N . <eoc> are you eight sam and moon-miles like 007 ?
4769V PRP , N , N , N . <eoc> are they established , traditionally , nurturing , defensive , compassionately ?
4770V PRP , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> are it reliable , stable , family , secure , birthones , holy , reflective , like the dalai lama or youngda ?
4771N , PRP V N , N V , N V PRP V N . <eoc> in the course of the film , we had more than 500 companies , the up and down the way to say no , " because they didn 't want to be part of the project .
4772PRP V N V N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> they wanted to do nothing with this film , because they had no control , no control over the finished product .
4773V N V N V N V N V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> but then i found 17 branded partners who were willing to get into this control of the people who wanted to do with someone business as mindful and how i was able to tell the stories that we would never have to support -- stories that would never be supported .
4774PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> it emulated us to tell the story of the neuroscience , as we tell the story in this film , that you 're using mris to do today to make the air centers of the brain to make the same as a movies .
4775PRP V N , N V . <eoc> we went to sao paulo , where foreign ad was banned .
4776N , N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> in the entire city , for five years there is no evidence of rejection , no posters , no flelling , nothing .
4777PRP V N V PRP N , N . <eoc> and we drove up in school districts where companies are turning their way into verleken schools , in all america .
4778N PRP V N V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> the incredible thing for me is that the projects i got most of the feedback or where i had the biggest success , those are where i was directly correlated with things .
4779V N V . <eoc> and that 's what these brands have done .
4780PRP V N , PRP V N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> because they went to the middle man , they went out of agencies , and said that the agencies might not really have their interest in purpose .
4781N V N . <eoc> i 'm going to actually negotiate with the artist directly .
4782N V PRP V N , N V PRP N V . <eoc> i 'm going to work with him and something completely different , something that people think about it is that the world 's challenging .
4783V PRP . V PRP V . <eoc> and how did that for you ? what 's it successful ?
4784, N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> now , the film was going to map the movie of the game festival , we can look at this .
4785N V N , V N V N . <eoc> loud burrd was the first of january , and since then -- and that 's not even the whole thing -- there were 900 million calls from this film .
4786PRP V N . <eoc> it 's actually just a period of two or two weeks .
4787V N , N . <eoc> this is just online -- no press , no television .
4788N V . <eoc> the film has not been balanced .
4789PRP V PRP N . N . <eoc> it doesn 't even have it online . no consideration .
4790PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not come out in other countries .
4791, N V N . <eoc> well , finally the film has taken a very big snapshot .
4792V N V N PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> and that 's not bad for a project where almost every advertising agency that we talked about to give their customers to make their customers .
4793N V PRP V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> something that i firmly believe is that if you reach your chance , risks in these risks are opportunities .
4794N V PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i think if you keep people from that , you get them closer to failure .
4795N V PRP V PRP N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i think that if you train your employees to avoid risks , you 've prepared the whole company to get a profit .
4796N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> i feel that we need to encourage all the people to go on to take risks .
4797PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> we need to encourage people to have no fear of opportunities that they might fear .
4798, PRP V N . <eoc> finally , we should be afraid to be the fear of fear .
4799PRP V N . <eoc> we should put the bear in the cage .
4800N V . V PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm going to be welcome to fear . do you welcome the risk .
4801N , PRP V N . <eoc> each of the big huffles , we 're welcome to the risk .
4802, PRP V N . <eoc> and finally , we should welcome transparency .
4803N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> today , more than ever before , we have a little bit of honesty .
4804V , N , PRP N , N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> and that said , with honesty and transparency , my entire operating session , " the heart of transparency " was presented to my good friends of emc that 's $ 100 for the name of sale on ebay .
4805N V N . <eoc> big data is transformed for organizations around the world in large opportunities .
4806N V PRP N . N <eoc> emc : " to welcome your transparency . "
4807N PRP . <eoc> thank you very much .
4808, N , N , V N . <eoc> now , morgan , in the name of transparency , what is now what happened to the $ 7100 ?
4809V N . <eoc> that 's a great question .
4810N V N PRP N , V N , N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i have a check in my pocket , pointing at the top of the ted organization , the sapinger foundation -- a check in the $ 100 to fund my ted performance in the next year .
4811PRP N V . <eoc> my name is amwith .
4812N , N V N , N V N V N , PRP N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> 18 months ago , i was doing something else with google , and i got to do something with museums and art , my cheeding that today , i gave me the green light .
4813PRP V N . <eoc> and it took 18 months .
4814N , V PRP , N , N . <eoc> a lot of fun negotiations and stories , i can tell you , with 17 very interesting museums , from nine countries .
4815V N . <eoc> but i 'm going to focus on the demo .
4816V N PRP V . <eoc> there 's a lot of stories about why we did this .
4817N V PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> i think my personal view is very simple with this slide and your access .
4818N V N . <eoc> i grew up in india .
4819N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> i became a great education -- i didn 't get -- but i had no access to a lot of museums and these plastics .
4820N V N , N V N . <eoc> when i went to visit and visit these museums , i started learning a lot .
4821N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> and while i was working for google , i was trying to make this desire -- art accessible -- to lead technology together .
4822PRP V N , N , PRP V . <eoc> we then started a team , a great team , and we started with this .
4823N V N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i 'm probably going to start with the demonstration and tell you some interesting things that happened since the launch .
4824PRP V N . <eoc> so you 're just going to google projected rap .
4825PRP V N . <eoc> you can see in all these museums .
4826V N , N , N , N . <eoc> there 's the ufo , the moma , the hertok , the rijks , the van gogh .
4827N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i actually come in one of my favorites , the metropolitan museum of art in new york .
4828PRP V N . <eoc> you come to two because of pure -- very simple .
4829N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> look , and woosh , you 're in this museum .
4830PRP V N PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> it doesn 't matter where you are -- bombay , mexico , it doesn 't make any difference .
4831PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> you go around , and it 's amemized .
4832PRP V N . <eoc> you want to orient to the museum ?
4833V N , V PRP N . <eoc> open up the map , and jump it with a click .
4834PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> they 're in , they want to go to the end of the gang .
4835. N . <eoc> just further . lots of fun .
4836N . <eoc> voice sticks .
4837N PRP , N V . <eoc> thank you , but the best one is still coming .
4838V PRP N , N . <eoc> so i 'm one of my favorite images , harvester workers of the schumbgel 's church .
4839N V N . <eoc> i see this versmark .
4840N V PRP N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> when the museum has given us the picture , they click on it .
4841V N . <eoc> so this is one of the images .
4842V N . <eoc> this is all metadata .
4843PRP V N , V N . <eoc> those of you who are really interested in art , can click here -- but i click that way .
4844V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> this is one of the images we held in the so-called gigapixel technology that 's called gigapixel technology .
4845N , N , V . <eoc> so this picture , for example , is about 10 billion points -- i believe .
4846N V PRP , V PRP V N . N <eoc> and a lot of people ask me , " what do you get for 10 billion points ? "
4847V PRP . <eoc> so i 'm going to show you now .
4848PRP V PRP V . <eoc> you can get very easily in and you can zoom out .
4849PRP V N . <eoc> you see something fun here .
4850N V N PRP N V . <eoc> i love this guy ; his expression is unaffordable .
4851PRP V . <eoc> but then they really want to go deep inside .
4852V N , V N V . <eoc> and so i started playing around , and i realized that there 's something going on .
4853V , N , V . N <eoc> and i thought , " well , that sounds interesting . "
4854V , V N V N . <eoc> i went close , and realized slowly that these kids actually beat a little bit .
4855N V N , V N V N V N V N . <eoc> i studied a little bit , talked to a couple of earlier with met with some known that this is a game called sq. il at the time to beat a stick with a stick .
4856, PRP V . <eoc> apparently , it was very popular .
4857V PRP V PRP , V N PRP . <eoc> i don 't know why they did it , but i learned something about it .
4858V , PRP V N . <eoc> to really close to go , you can go to the cracks .
4859V PRP N , V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> just to give you the whole picture , i zoom out so you can see what you get .
4860PRP V , V N . <eoc> here we were , and this is the painting .
4861V N . <eoc> but the best is going on -- in a second .
4862V PRP V N , N . <eoc> let us jump fast at moma , again in new york .
4863N PRP , N . <eoc> another favorite picture of me , star night .
4864N , PRP V N . <eoc> in the previous case , it was about finding detail .
4865PRP V N . <eoc> but what if you want to see the pink stick ?
4866PRP V N V N . <eoc> and what only if you want to see the van gogh this masterpiece because created this masterpiece ?
4867PRP V . PRP V . <eoc> you zoom in . you can really go inside .
4868N V PRP N , N V . <eoc> i 'm going to zoom in one of my favorite parts of this picture , until i really get up .
4869V N , V . <eoc> this is star night , probably never seen before .
4870V PRP N . <eoc> now i 'm going to show you my favorite feature .
4871V N , V N . <eoc> there are many others , but i 'm missing time .
4872V N , PRP V N . <eoc> this is the really cool part , it 's called the collections .
4873PRP , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> each of you , everybody -- right , or poor , whether you have a great house -- doesn 't matter .
4874PRP V PRP N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> you can go and go online your own museum -- out of all these images you can put in your own collection .
4875, PRP V N V PRP , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> so simple , you go inside -- and i 've created it , it 's called the power of the zoom -- you can zoom around .
4876V N , N . <eoc> that 's the sent , " in the national galle .
4877PRP V N , PRP N , N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you can put everything with comments , your friends , and so a conversation start about what you feel when you look at these masterpieces .
4878N V , N , N V N V N . <eoc> i think , in closing , the main thing is that all the wonderful things don 't come from google .
4879PRP V N V N . <eoc> you don 't even think of the museums .
4880N V . <eoc> i should not say that .
4881PRP V N . <eoc> they come from the artists .
4882V N PRP . <eoc> and that was an experience in humility for me .
4883V , V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> i mean , i hope that we 're going to be just with this digital medium of art , and they represent a radar online .
4884V N V PRP , V PRP V PRP V N . N <eoc> and this is the biggest question that 's recently asked me , " did you do it to replicate the experience of a museum ? "
4885N V . <eoc> the answer to that is no .
4886PRP V N . <eoc> it 's meant to infect the experience .
4887V PRP . V PRP . <eoc> that 's it . thank you .
4888N . <eoc> thanks .
4889V N PRP N . PRP N V N . <eoc> this is a representation of your brain . your brain can be divided into two halves .
4890V N V N , N , V N . <eoc> this is the left half that is the logical side , and then the right half , which is the intuitive side .
4891PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> if we had a measure of order to measure the aptisers of any hemisphere , we could visualize your brain .
4892N , N V N . <eoc> for example , that would be someone that 's completely logical .
4893V N V . <eoc> this would be somebody who 's completely intuitive .
4894, PRP V PRP N . <eoc> now , where would you position your brain on this scale ?
4895PRP V N , V , N , PRP N V N V N . <eoc> some of us may have chosen one of these extreme , but i think , for most people in the audience , their brain looks like this -- with a high aptid that 's at the same time in two hemispheres .
4896PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it 's not like they 're both exclusive or whatever .
4897PRP V . <eoc> you can make sense and intuitively .
4898V N , N , V N V N . <eoc> and so i look at as one of the people , collectively with most different experimental quantum physics , which needs a good amount of logic to add the complex ideas together .
4899N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but at the same time , we need a good amount of intuition to actually carry these experiments .
4900V PRP V N . , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> how do we develop these intuition ? well , we love to play it with things .
4901PRP V PRP V PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so we go out and play with it and then look how it responds , and then we start to develop our intuition .
4902PRP V N . <eoc> they basically do the same thing .
4903N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so one of the intuitive tions you 've developed about the years is probably that one thing can be only in a place at the same time .
4904N , PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> i mean , it can be weird to think that one thing at the same time is two different places , but they were not born with this idea , they developed them .
4905V N V N . <eoc> i remember a child playing on a floor of the floor .
4906PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> he was even a little kid and not very good at that , and he fell constantly .
4907V PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but i bet it 's playing with the bottom door a very valuable lesson , because the big things don 't just leave you to do and you stay in a place .
4908V N PRP V N . <eoc> and this is a great conceptual model of the world as long as you don 't have particle physicists .
4909PRP V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> it would be a horrible model for particle physicists because they don 't play with soil flakes , but with these little weird particles .
4910PRP V PRP N , PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and when they play with their particles , they make all kinds of strange things -- like they can fly straight through walls , or they can be in two different places at the same time .
4911PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and so they were all writing these observations , and they called them the theory of quantum mechanics .
4912V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> this was the state of physics a few years ago ; you needed quantum mechanics to describe the little tiny particles .
4913PRP V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> but you didn 't need them to describe the great everyday objects around us .
4914PRP V PRP N , V N . <eoc> it didn 't really enjoy my intuition , and maybe i 'm not so often playing with particles .
4915, V N PRP , . <eoc> well , i sometimes play with them , but not very often .
4916N V PRP . <eoc> and i 've never seen them .
4917V , N V N . <eoc> i mean , no one has ever seen a particle .
4918PRP N V PRP . <eoc> but my logical page didn 't really enjoy it .
4919N V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> because if all of the things are made of particles and all these particles follow the rules of quantum mechanics , wouldn 't just follow all the rules of quantum mechanics ?
4920V N V . <eoc> i don 't see any reason that this should not be like that .
4921N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so i would feel clear about the whole thing , if we could actually show that everyday objects also follow the rules of quantum mechanics .
4922V N V . <eoc> so i did a couple of years ago exactly what to do .
4923N V . <eoc> i created one .
4924V N PRP V N . <eoc> this is the first object you can see that was in the quantum mechanical superposition .
4925PRP V N . <eoc> so what we 're looking at here is a tiny computer chip .
4926PRP V N . <eoc> and you can see this green dot there in the middle .
4927V N V . <eoc> that 's the piece of metal that i 'm going to talk about .
4928V N . <eoc> this is a picture of the object .
4929V N . PRP V N . <eoc> here 's a little bit bigger . we 're looking at the center here .
4930V N . <eoc> and here 's a really very large close-up of this little piece of metal .
4931PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so what we 're looking at is a little piece of metal that 's shaped like a jumpboard , and it stands over the edge .
4932V N PRP V N . <eoc> so i made this thing in a similar way that you make a computer chip .
4933V N , V N . <eoc> i went to a clean room with new silicon , and raised for 100 hours of all the big devices .
4934N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> for the last little i had to build my own machine -- to get this like a swim pool cycle and get this thing .
4935N V N V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> this thing has the ability to be the ability in the quantum mechanical superposition , but it takes a little help to do it .
4936N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> look , let me give you an analogy .
4937PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you know how uncomfortable it is in a crowded elevator ?
4938N , V N , V N , N V N , V N , PRP V . <eoc> i mean , when i 'm in the elevator , i 'm going to do all kinds of weird things , but then other people go up and i listen to all these things , because i don 't want to be angry , or frankly , they 're horrified .
4939N V N V N . <eoc> so quantum mechanics says that unmoving objects are just as feeling .
4940N V N , N PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> the driver for unmoving objects are not only people , but also the light that they seem to be on and the wind that keeps on them and the heat of space .
4941PRP V PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and so we knew that if we wanted to see that this piece of metal is quantum mechanical , we had to throw out all the shots out .
4942V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's what we did .
4943PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , N V N V PRP . <eoc> we turned out the lights down , and we put it into a vacuum , and i used the whole air and cooling it up until almost to the elevator , just in the elevator -- it was the piece of metal to behave as always wanted .
4944PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so we measured its movement .
4945PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we found that it really looks strange .
4946PRP V , PRP V PRP , N PRP V N . <eoc> instead it 's just quiet there , and it was like it , the way it was about as this -- like this -- how a expand and the open bubble blasts .
4947PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so where we gave him a little push , we could bring it to the same time to tear and not too vibrow -- something which is allowed only in the quantum mechanics .
4948N V PRP N V . <eoc> so what i just tell you about is what is truly fantastic .
4949V PRP V N . <eoc> what does it mean to vibrate at the same time and not to vibrate ?
4950V N V N . <eoc> let 's think about the atoms .
4951N V N V N V N V . <eoc> so the first case : all the trillions of atoms from atoms are stuck in there and at the same time are the same atoms move on and down .
4952V N V N . <eoc> just to precise points of points to note .
4953N PRP V . <eoc> the rest of the time they are delicious .
4954V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> that means that every atom at the same time is two different places , which is that means that the entire piece of metal in two different places .
4955N V N . <eoc> i think that 's really cool .
4956N . <eoc> really .
4957PRP V PRP V N , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> it was worth it for all this year in the clean room , because , you check that , the key things between one individual atom and this piece of metal is about the same as the difference between the piece of metal and one .
4958N V N , N V N , V PRP . <eoc> so if a single atom can be in two different places at two different places , this piece of metal in two different places , why is it not ?
4959V , V PRP N . <eoc> i mean , that 's just what my logical page says .
4960, V PRP V N , V . <eoc> so , imagine if you were at the same time in many places , how would that feel ?
4961PRP N V PRP N V N . <eoc> how would your consciousness deal with it that your body is in the room ?
4962V N . <eoc> there 's another aspect of history .
4963PRP V , N V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> when we turned out , the light turned on and looked into the box , we saw that the piece of metal always was in a piece .
4964N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> and so i had to develop this new intuition that this looks like all the objects in the elevator is actually just canerous objects that are locked in a small space .
4965PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> you hear a lot of talk about how quantum mechanics says that everything is connected to everything .
4966, V . <eoc> well , that 's not really true .
4967V PRP V . <eoc> there 's more behind it ; there 's more deeper than that .
4968PRP V N , PRP N , PRP V PRP , V N . <eoc> it 's so that these connections , their connections with all the things around them , literally define who they are , and that 's the profound and strange quantum quantum mechanics .
4969N . <eoc> thanks .
4970, N V PRP V N . <eoc> in 2007 , i decided that we should think reflexialize about economic development .
4971PRP V PRP N V PRP V N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> it should be our goal that if families think about where they 're alive and work to tell them the opportunity to choose between at least one hand full of different cities that are all in the competition to find new residents .
4972PRP V N . <eoc> we 're far away from this goal right now .
4973V N V N PRP V . <eoc> there are billions of people in developing countries that don 't even have a single city that they would welcome .
4974N V PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> but the amazing thing about cities is that they are so much more value than it costs them .
4975PRP V N , V N . <eoc> so we could really easily run the world very easily , maybe even hundreds of new cities .
4976V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> now this may sound absurd for you , if you 've never thought about new cities .
4977N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , they 're just trading the building apartments against the cities .
4978V N V N , V N . <eoc> imagine that half of the people who want to live in apartments , do this already ; the other half but not .
4979PRP V N V N . <eoc> you could try to expand the capacity of existing apartments .
4980PRP V PRP V N PRP N V N V N . <eoc> but you know what you 're going to do in these homes and your environment forces rule in order to avoid complaints and dissipation .
4981PRP V N . <eoc> so it turns out to be very hard to track all these extensions .
4982PRP V N V N , N V N V PRP . <eoc> but you could go to a whole new place to build a completely new block of content , the laws of the law would support a construction and don 't stop it .
4983V N V N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> so i proposed that governments can create new areas that provide enough space for a city and give them a name : charter crest of them .
4984, N V N , N V N . <eoc> later , i found that , about the same time , jafour and octai have thought about the challenge of reform in broadmoor .
4985PRP V N V PRP N V N , PRP V PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> they knew that every year about 75,000 hosians had left their country to go into the united states , and they wanted to know what they could do to make sure that these people can stay in their country and exactly the same thing in hostunis .
4986N V N , V PRP V N PRP N , PRP V N , PRP V N . N <eoc> at this point of jamfour to occupy said , " what happens when we put an unidlab area of our country -- what if we 're going to work on the area of these messages , what you would usually have to go to canada , or america ? "
4987N , N V N . <eoc> in the summer of 2009 , hosral was under a fittest crisis .
4988N , N , N V N . <eoc> in the next plantation election , pepe lobo in a shift , the program both innovations as well as schschism .
4989PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> he challenged octao to become his stocks .
4990N , N V N . <eoc> in the meantime , i was preparing for a talk at tedglobal .
4991N , N , V N V N . <eoc> through improvement , try and through the study of consumers , i tried to reduce this complicated concept of charter city to the basic elements .
4992N V N , N , V PRP V N . <eoc> the first point is the importance of laws , laws , which determine that you can 't be able to disturb in any existing housing .
4993PRP V N , N V N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> we 're paying for new technologies , but for progress requires technology and laws , and they 're usually laws that hold us back .
4994N , N V N V N . <eoc> in the fall of 2010 , a friend from guatemala closed capoctao is the link to the tedtalk .
4995, PRP V PRP . <eoc> again , it showed him jafour .
4996PRP V PRP . <eoc> they were calling me .
4997PRP V , N V PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> and they said , " let us present it to the head of the country ! "
4998PRP V N . <eoc> so we met in december of the sitting in the jungle in the jungle in the jungle .
4999N V N V PRP V . <eoc> i 've tried to make sure how valuable cities are how much more valuable than they are .
5000N V N V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and i used this chart to show how valuable raw land is in a place like new york , thinking that there 's a place in some cases worth thousands of dollars per square meter .
5001PRP V N V N , N V , N , PRP V N . N <eoc> but it was a pretty abstract discussion about a place when there was a break , ukraato said , " paul , maybe we could look at the tedtalk . "
5002N V N V N V N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> so the tedtalk turned into a very simple form that a charter city is a place where the beginning of uninhabited land is a green contract , which is the laws that make the laws and not to live under these rules or not .
5003V N V PRP V N V PRP V , V N V PRP N . <eoc> that 's why i was asked by the president of hostas who said that we need to make this project that it 's important , and that this is the way to bring our country .
5004N V N V N . <eoc> i was asked to come back to tegucgala a and i 'll get a talk at the fourth and fifth january .
5005V N V N V PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so i 've given another talk about facts that have a graph like this one that has tried to make sure that if you want to make a lot of value in a city , it has to be a very big city .
5006V N , V N V N V . <eoc> this is a picture of the city , and this sketch shows the new airport that was built in dengue .
5007N V N . <eoc> just this airport is an area of 100 square kilometers alone .
5008V N PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so i tried to convince the grandchildren when you want to build a new city , you have to start with an area of at least 1,000 square kilometers .
5009V N . <eoc> that 's more than 250 thousand tomorrow .
5010N V . <eoc> polite people all applaud .
5011V N . <eoc> the faces were very serious and attention .
5012N V N V , N , N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> the head of congress came to the stage and said , " professor romer , i thank you very much for your talk , but maybe we might look at the tedtalk .
5013N V PRP N . N <eoc> i have him on my laptop here . "
5014V , PRP V N . <eoc> so i sat down , and they played the tedtalk .
5015V N V N V N . <eoc> and i 've come to the core statement that a new city is giving people new opportunities .
5016V N V N , N . <eoc> there would be the possibility of living in a city that would be in honduras , instead of hundreds of miles away in the north .
5017N V N . <eoc> and a new city also includes new opportunities for leaders .
5018N V N , PRP V PRP N PRP V N V N V . <eoc> the leaders of the government in hosts would depend on their help from other people , they could benefit from their partners to be able to support the laws for this charter and the leadership that everyone can trust is that the charter is really going through .
5019N V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> and the realization of president lobo was that the confidence of the editing i thought about was as a way to bring the foreign investors and to build this city to be more important for all parties in hoss for many years .
5020PRP V N . <eoc> we 're in an area .
5021N V N . <eoc> this picture is from this place .
5022PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a thousand square kilometers .
5023, N , PRP V N V N V N V N . <eoc> and shortly after that , on the 19th of january , they voted for the congress to change the constitution to have a basic rule of rule that is for special developmental areas .
5024N , V N , V N . <eoc> in a country , which has just a massive crisis , has been elected to the congress for this recurrent change with 124 .
5025N , N , V PRP . <eoc> all parties , all the actors of society , supported it .
5026V N , PRP V N . <eoc> to become part of the constitution , it has to be approved by the congress .
5027, PRP V N . <eoc> on the 17th century , it was approved to a voice in 114 to a voice .
5028N , N , V N V N . <eoc> immediately after this choice , between the 21st and the 24th february , there 's a deletion of about 30 nandi in the two places of the world that were most interested in putting in the business of the city .
5029N V N . <eoc> the place is south korea .
5030V N , N , V N . <eoc> this is a picture of a large , new southern city , which is built in southern korea -- big as the southern town of cities .
5031N PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> everything you can see on this picture was built within four years , after it took four years to get the permission from the people .
5032N V N V . <eoc> the other place that was very interested in the building is singapore .
5033PRP V N V N . <eoc> it has been built two cities in china and the third is in preparation .
5034PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> so if you think about it , it 's where we are today .
5035PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> they already have a building site ; and they 're looking at this area for the second city .
5036PRP V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's been working on a legal system that tradition loves to participate , and it will also work on an external legal system .
5037N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> a country has already offered his supreme court , as a dish for the defensive calling of the dorending job .
5038N , N V . <eoc> also cities designers , and farmer are very interested .
5039PRP V N . <eoc> they actually bring funding to one .
5040N , PRP V , PRP V , V N . <eoc> one thing , as you know , you know , there was a lot of grace .
5041V N V N , N , V N V . <eoc> there are lots of bugs that would like to put in america , especially in a place with a free trade zone , and there are a lot of people who love to live there .
5042N , PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> all over the world , it 's 700 million people who say that they want to live in a different place .
5043N V N . <eoc> a million people rely on latin america and travel in the united states .
5044PRP V N V PRP N V N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> many of you are dads who are forced to let your families go back to the work -- sometimes it 's single mothers who have to make enough money to eat and clothes .
5045, PRP V N V PRP N PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> unfortunately , sometimes it 's children who try to find their parents again , they 're in some cases , they have not seen more for a decade since a decade .
5046V PRP V N V N . <eoc> so what is it for an idea of thinking about building a completely new city ?
5047V N , N . <eoc> or even no-fly from these cities , or hundreds of thousands around the world ?
5048V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> so what is it for an idea to insist that every family has a choice between a group of cities that are in competition for new residents ?
5049V N V . <eoc> that 's an idea that is worth spreading .
5050PRP N V PRP , V PRP . <eoc> my friends in hoss have asked me to say , thank you ted .
5051V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> do you know how many decisions do you in a typical day ?
5052V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> do you know how many decisions do you meet in a typical week ?
5053N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> i recently did a poll with over 2,000 americans , and the average number of choices , the input to a typical american day is 701 .
5054, N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and also , recently , a study with ceos in which they saw a week of ceo .
5055N V N V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and these scientists just have documented the different themes with which these ceos do and how much time they have spent making money decisions that are related to the subjects .
5056PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they 've found that an average ceo is busy at 139 issues in the week .
5057N V N , N . <eoc> each of these subjects were made of many , many smaller decisions .
5058N PRP N V N . <eoc> 50 percent of your decisions have been hit within nine minutes or less .
5059N PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> only for about 12 percent of their decisions needed an hour or more of their time .
5060V PRP N . <eoc> think about your own decisions .
5061V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> do you know how many decisions you make in the nine minutes of category one hour ?
5062PRP V , V PRP V N . <eoc> how good you think , are you to cope with the decisions ?
5063N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> today i want to talk about one of the biggest decision-making issues of our modern time , the decision-making problem problem .
5064N V N . <eoc> i want to talk about the problem and some possible solutions .
5065, N V N , V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> now , when i talk about this problem , i 'm going to ask you some questions and i want to know your answers .
5066N V PRP N , V PRP , V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if i ask you a question , raise it , because i 'm blind , just the hand if you want to burn some calories .
5067, V PRP , V PRP N , PRP N V , PRP N V , V PRP V N . <eoc> otherwise , please i ask you , if i ask you a question , and your answer is yes , so my first question for today is , are you willing to hear something about the decision-making problem ?
5068N . <eoc> thanks .
5069N V N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> when i was a graduate student at stanford university , i went to this very exclusive grocery store at least at least it was really exclusive .
5070PRP V N V N . <eoc> it was a store that was called the dragon .
5071N , PRP V N . <eoc> this business , it was almost like a fantasy .
5072PRP V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> they had 250 different kinds of mustares and essig and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of water -- and that was at a time when we actually drink water .
5073N V PRP N , N V PRP , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> i loved going to be loved it , but at a moment i asked myself , well , how does it come to you never buy anything ?
5074V N . <eoc> this is the olive oil .
5075PRP V N , V N V N . <eoc> they had over 75 different varieties of olive oil , including those in boxes that came from thousands of year-old olive trees .
5076V N , N V N , V N PRP V N V . N <eoc> so i decided to visit one day , and i asked the ladder , " works this model that you really offer people all these options ? "
5077PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and he showed up the buslam of tourists that came out every day , and they usually had their cameras .
5078PRP V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> we decided to have an experiment and we chose marticulade for our experiment .
5079V PRP N . <eoc> here 's her marticulture gang .
5080PRP V N . <eoc> they had 348 different kinds of maralade .
5081PRP V N . <eoc> we 've set up a little bit of blood flow directly at the entrance .
5082PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> we 've put six different kinds of flavor of commerce or 24 different strings of marze , and we 've looked at two things : first , i guess what 's going to be more people and trying to make marmelade ?
5083V N V , N , PRP V , N . <eoc> there are more people left when there were 24 , about 60 percent , when it was six , about 40 percent .
5084, PRP V N V N . <eoc> and after that , we saw the people who bought a glass of marmelard .
5085PRP V N . <eoc> now we saw the opposite effect .
5086N V PRP V , N V N . <eoc> from the people who have stayed when it was 24 , only three percent are actually buying a glass of markhome .
5087N V PRP V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> from the people who were left when they were six , well , now we saw that 30 percent of you actually bought a glass of markhome .
5088, PRP V PRP , N V N PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> now , if you calculate it , the people bought six times a glass of marmelade who they had six of their choices than when they had 24 to choice .
5089, V N V PRP V PRP N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> now , to decide not to buy glass of marm is probably good for us -- at least it 's good for our waist -- but it turns out that the decision-making problem is affecting us in very consistent ways .
5090PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we don 't decide to decide even when it comes against our own best interests .
5091, N , N . <eoc> so , for the theme of day , financial saving .
5092N V PRP N V N , N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> i 'm going to describe to you now a study that i 'm with gur huberman , ekmeniica , wejg conducted , where we were able to have the decisions for retirement for almost a million americans from about 650 plans in the entire united states .
5093PRP V N V N , V N , N V N . <eoc> and what we saw was whether the number of people who were going to have a retirement savings plan , which was a 401 plan , the likelihood of being saving more for tomorrow .
5094PRP V N . <eoc> and we found that there was a correlation in there .
5095N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so in these plans , we had about 65,000 plans that people put anything between two to 59 different fund .
5096PRP V N V , N V . <eoc> and what we found was that the more fund were offered that , in fact , the participation were lower .
5097PRP V N , N V N , N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you look at the extreme , the plans that provided two funds , a subset of families in the 70s -- still not as high as we want it .
5098N , N , N V N . <eoc> in the plans , the almost 60 fund , the subset increased now on about the sixth percentage .
5099PRP V PRP V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> now it turns out that even if you get away from losing if more possibilities for choice , even it has negative consequences .
5100N V , N V PRP , N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so the people who decided to participate , rather than that the more possibilities are available to them , the more they killed their stocks and funds .
5101N PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the more opportunities you have been available , the more they put their entire money in just cardboard market accounts .
5102N , V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> no of those extreme decisions , hearing the choices that someone would recommend when people care about their future financial well-being .
5103, N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> well , in the last 10 years , we 've seen three essential negative consequences for people who provide more and more choices with each other .
5104PRP V N PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they push the decision on -- they move on , even if they 're doing their own interest .
5105PRP V N V N . <eoc> they make more worse decisions -- worse financial and worse health decisions .
5106PRP V N V PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they decide more to things that make them feel less happy , even if they do it objective better .
5107N V PRP V PRP V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> the main reason for this is that we may enjoy this huge lead to us full of madagascar , mustard , dissig and maralade , but we actually don 't choose the comparison and separation from the amazing supply .
5108N V PRP N V N PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so what i want to suggest to you today is four simple techniques -- techniques that we have tested in different ways -- which you can use in your business .
5109, V . <eoc> first , just limited .
5110PRP V PRP , PRP V N V . <eoc> you 've heard it before , but it was never true than today that 's less .
5111N V N V , N . N <eoc> people are always concerned when i say , " don 't narrow . "
5112PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> they always worry that they 're losing frontier .
5113N , PRP V PRP , PRP V , N , V N , V N . <eoc> but in truth , we 're still looking at it more and more , if they 're willing to narrow and the unimportant equal possibility , well , there 's a increase in supply , and there 's a improvement decision , and there 's a improvement in decision-making .
5114N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> as a proctor and gamble , the different head and shoofy species from 26 to 15 percent , they had a increase in sales for 10 percent .
5115N V PRP N V N , PRP V N V N , N , N . <eoc> when the golden corporation was their 10 at the worst sold to be sold to the worst , they experienced that the profit was at 87 -- a result of one , the increase in sales , and the cost of cost .
5116PRP V , N V PRP N . <eoc> you know , the average supermachining today is giving them 45,000 products .
5117N PRP V N . <eoc> a typical wal-mart tells you about 100,000 products .
5118N , N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but the worst largest supermarket , the world 's largest supermarket in the world is aldi , and you only offer them 1,400 products -- a kind of tomato sauce .
5119N , V N V N , V N V N V . <eoc> now in the world of savings , i think one of the best examples that have come to the market recently , how to manage the choice was something that david lamuson is very strong is a program that was offered to harvard .
5120N V N . <eoc> every single harvard staff now is taking automatically in a lifetime fund .
5121N V N , N . <eoc> those who really want to make a choice , 20 fund is not 300 or more funds .
5122PRP V , N V , N V N V PRP . <eoc> you know , as people often say , " i don 't know how to do it .
5123PRP V N . N <eoc> it 's all important opportunities . "
5124N V N V , V PRP V N V . <eoc> and the first thing i ask the employees is , " tell me how the possibilities are different from each other .
5125PRP N V PRP , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> and if your employees can 't separate them apart , they can 't tell their customers . "
5126, PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> well , before we started today , i had a conversation with gary .
5127N V PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and gary said that he would be willing to help all of people in this audience and offer a daily vacation to the most beautiful street in the world .
5128V N . <eoc> here 's a description of the road .
5129V PRP . <eoc> and i 'd like to read you like this .
5130V PRP N V PRP , V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and now i 'm going to give you a few seconds to read them , and then i ask you to clap if you 're ready to take gary 's command .
5131N . N V N . <eoc> okay . everybody ready is ready to take gary 's offer .
5132V PRP . <eoc> are you all ?
5133N , V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> okay , let me show you something more of that .
5134PRP V , PRP V N , . <eoc> you knew , it was a trick , right ?
5135, V N . <eoc> well , who is ready for this journey .
5136N V N V N . <eoc> i think i may have heard more hands .
5137. <eoc> good .
5138N V PRP V N , N , N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the fact that you look at action , the first time had more information than the second time , but i would think it 's going to find it in the second time .
5139N V PRP V PRP . <eoc> because the images made it for them to be real .
5140V PRP N V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> which brings me to the second technology that helps you cope with the problem of decision-making , it 's the geoization .
5141PRP V N V N , V N V N , V N V . <eoc> it 's about that people to understand the difference between possibilities , understand what consequences with the individual possibilities , and that would have to be vivid and specific things that have to be felt .
5142V N V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> why do people spend average 15 to 30 percent more than if they use an ecx card or a credit card , as in barge ?
5143PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> because it 's not what we felt in real money .
5144PRP V PRP V N V PRP , PRP V N PRP V N V . <eoc> and it turns out that if you make it that something feels concrete , it 's a very good tool for people to give it more to save more .
5145PRP V N V N , PRP V N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> so we 've done in a study that i did with shenloo benarzi and alessando previttero previtero , we 've done a study in a gathering where they share their participation in a retirement .
5146N , PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and during this assembly , we 've added these sites exactly as they were always , just we added a little bit more .
5147N PRP V PRP V N V N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> the little thing we put on it was that we asked people to think of all the positive things that would happen in their lives , if they save money .
5148PRP V N , V N , V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> in which we did this simple thing , there was a rise of participation in the 20 percent , and there was a rise of the number of people who were willing to save or a half percent increase in the amount that they were willing to pay for the savings accounts .
5149N . <eoc> the third technique : categorization .
5150PRP V N . <eoc> we can deal with more categories than more choices than that .
5151N , N PRP V N . <eoc> for example , here 's a study that we made in a field of entertainment .
5152PRP V PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> it turns out it 's in the local markets in the top , and down in the northeast area , the number between 331 different kinds of magazines were up to 63 journals .
5153PRP V . <eoc> but you know what ?
5154V PRP N PRP V N , V PRP N , N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> if i show you 600 magazines and put them in 10 categories or share a wedding 400 magazines , and these in 20 categories , you would have given you the more than i have given them the 600 .
5155N V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> because the categories tell me how i can keep them apart .
5156V N . <eoc> here are two different shells .
5157V N V N . N <eoc> one is called " jazz " and the other is called " sangle . "
5158PRP V N V N , N V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> if you think the left ad is called sangle , and the ad on the right is , you clap into your hands .
5159N , V N . <eoc> okay , there 's a couple .
5160PRP V N V , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> if you think that the on the left of jazz is and it 's , on the right side , you 're clapping .
5161N , N . <eoc> okay , a couple more .
5162, PRP V PRP V . <eoc> well , it turns out they 're right .
5163N V N , PRP V . <eoc> the on the left is jazz and that 's on the right , but you know what ?
5164V N . <eoc> this is a high-risk categorization .
5165N V N V N V N . <eoc> the categories have to say something that the voters are not asking the choice .
5166N V PRP V N . <eoc> and this problem often look at when you look at the long lists of all of this fund .
5167V PRP V . <eoc> who do you really want to figure out ?
5168PRP N , N . <eoc> my fourth technique , quote for complexity .
5169PRP V PRP V N PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> it turns out that we can deal with more information than we think , we just need to simplify them .
5170PRP V N . <eoc> we need to increase complexity .
5171V PRP V PRP N V . <eoc> let me show you one example of what i mean .
5172V N V N , V N . <eoc> let 's take a very , very complicated choice : buy a car .
5173V N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> here 's a german car manufacturer that gives you the opportunity to figure out your car .
5174PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> they have to make 62 different choices to design their car completely .
5175N V N PRP V N . <eoc> now these decisions are different in the number of choices they offer per choice .
5176N , N V N . <eoc> car colors , outside color of the car -- i have 56 possibilities .
5177N , N . <eoc> motors , gears -- four ways .
5178N V , V N V N . <eoc> what i do now is , i change the order in which choices .
5179N V N , V N , N . <eoc> half of the customer is going to go from the many possibilities , 56 car colors to the small possibilities , four gears .
5180N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> the other half of the customer is about the small possibilities , four walls , up to the 56 car color , many possibilities .
5181V N . <eoc> what do i look at ?
5182V PRP . <eoc> how interested are them .
5183PRP V N , V PRP V , V PRP . <eoc> if you 're constantly using the standard choice in the decision , that means that you will be overchallenged , i 'm losing them .
5184PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> what you find out is that the people who are going to go from the many to the odds of failing and get the standard choice .
5185PRP V PRP . <eoc> we lose them .
5186V N , V PRP . <eoc> go from the little choice to the many , then keep it .
5187PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's the same information . it 's the same number of possibilities .
5188N V N V N . <eoc> the only thing i did is change the order to change this information .
5189V N , N V . <eoc> if i start with the simple start , i learn how i choose .
5190N V N V N PRP N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> even though the gears choose nothing about my preferences in the interior , i 'm still preparing me to pick it up .
5191PRP V PRP N V , N V PRP V N . <eoc> it also makes me excited about the big product that i put together , and so i 'm willing to motivate myself to be with interest .
5192V PRP V . <eoc> let me wrap up .
5193N V PRP N V N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> i told you about four techniques that make the problem of decision-making mites -- just -- you 're going to get the redundant alternatives -- concrete -- make it real ; categorize the problem -- to prepare for more and less possibilities for complexity .
5194N V PRP N V PRP V N PRP , PRP V PRP , N PRP V N . <eoc> each of these techniques that i 'm going to describe to you today is to help you manage the possibilities -- good for you , you can use them for yourself , good for the people that you offer service .
5195N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> because i think the key to the best choice is that you 're a selection of selection .
5196PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and the more we choose to pick , the better we will be able to practice the art of choice .
5197N . <eoc> thanks .
5198N . N V N , N V N . V N . <eoc> hi . i 'm a loralline , trep manager in youtube . i 'm looking at youtube videos .
5199PRP V . <eoc> it 's true .
5200N , PRP V N V , V . <eoc> today , we want to talk about how videos are going to become virally , and then , why that 's important at all .
5201PRP V N , N , N , N V , PRP V . <eoc> we all want stars , and celebrities , singers , comedian -- when i was young , it seemed so infinitely difficult .
5202N V PRP V PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> but web videos have allowed us all of us or all our creative activities can be famous in part of the culture of our world .
5203PRP V N . <eoc> every single one of you could be famous about the internet to next saturday .
5204N , N V . <eoc> but in youtube , more than 48 hours a minute uploaded uploaded .
5205, N V N . <eoc> again , only a tiny percentage ever has ever viral and will be viewed thousands of times and so to the cultural moment .
5206V PRP V . <eoc> so how does it work ?
5207N , N . <eoc> three things : tastemovores , subset communities and unexpected .
5208, PRP V . <eoc> well , we want to .
5209PRP N . PRP N . <eoc> oh my god . oh my god .
5210PRP N . <eoc> oh my god !
5211N . <eoc> woo woo !
5212N , N . <eoc> oak hhh , www !
5213N , N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> last year , setansquez was this video he filmed his house in the yosemite national park .
5214, PRP V . <eoc> in 2010 , it was 23 million .
5215N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> this graph shows how it looked like the video was popular for the first time .
5216, N V N . <eoc> actually , no viral wanted to do a viral video .
5217PRP V N . <eoc> he just wanted to share a rainbow .
5218PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> because you do it that if you call yoga and mountain .
5219PRP V N V . <eoc> he had uploaded every amount of natural videos to get up .
5220N V N . <eoc> and this video was actually sent in january in january .
5221V . <eoc> what happened here ?
5222V N . <eoc> there was jimmy kieml .
5223N V N V N . <eoc> jimmy kieff sent the tweet that was so popular with the video .
5224N V PRP N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> because tastemoism as jimmy kitts give us new and interesting things and they show them a big audience .
5225PRP V N , N . N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N V N , V N . <eoc> it 's friday , friday . gita get cage at friday , all the hybody 's loo railway ward to the winew , not , i hope , to talk about this video , no , i hope , to speak , i hope .
5226N V N . <eoc> rebecca blaver " friday " is one of the most popular videos of the year .
5227PRP V N . <eoc> it was viewed almost 200 million times in this year .
5228V N V . <eoc> this is what the chart looked like .
5229N , PRP V N . <eoc> just like the double rainbow , " it seems to be true of nothing .
5230V N . <eoc> what 's happening on this day ?
5231, PRP V N , . <eoc> well , it was friday , that 's right .
5232PRP V , N V N . <eoc> if you want to know , these other peaks are also free days .
5233N , N . <eoc> but what about this day , this particular friday ?
5234, N V PRP , N V PRP . <eoc> now , tosh.0 night began it , lots of blogs started writing about it .
5235N V N V N V N . <eoc> michael j. nelson of man who was a first man science theater was a first person who was making a joke at twitter .
5236V N V N V N V N . <eoc> what 's important is that a single person or a group of tasteasmaker 's kind of point or took a big audience and stretched the process .
5237N V N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> and then the community formed over this great insistler , and started talking about it and playing with it .
5238V N . <eoc> now there 's 10,000 angley of friday day .
5239N , V N . <eoc> already in the first seven days , there was a spooky for every single night teacher .
5240N , N V PRP N V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> unlike the one-page conversation in the 20th century , the participation in the community is our way to become part of this phenomenon -- either we 're going to spread it or something new .
5241N V N . <eoc> " nyo " is animation and music in endless loop .
5242V PRP , . <eoc> that 's it , very simple .
5243N , PRP V N . <eoc> this year , it was viewed almost 50 million times .
5244PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and if you hold it for crazy , you should know that it 's a three-hour version that was looked at four million times .
5245N V N . <eoc> even cats look at this video .
5246N V N V N . <eoc> cats look at cats looking at this video .
5247N V , N V N . <eoc> the important thing is , the creativity that is in the internet culture of techys and esks .
5248V N . <eoc> there was remixer .
5249N V N PRP . <eoc> someone made an old-fashioned version of it .
5250PRP V . <eoc> and then it became international .
5251N V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> a whole remitx community shot out of the ground that it was made of a stupid joke that we can all participate in .
5252N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> today , we don 't just think of pleasure in something we 're doing .
5253V N . <eoc> who would have all former marriages ?
5254V N , N . <eoc> who would have predicted " double rainbow , " or rebecca black or " nyon " guess ?
5255V N V PRP V . <eoc> what scribble write books you can write in which is that ?
5256N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> in a world , every minute of video is uploaded to video two days is only really unique and unexpected forms that mentioned videos .
5257N V , N V N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> i admit , i was not very interested in thinking about a friend of mine who would look at this great video , a guy who protesting in new york for bicycles for bicycles .
5258N V N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i got a ticket , because i 'm not on the road , but often there 's disabilities that don 't have to go on the bicycle .
5259PRP V , N V N , PRP N V . <eoc> because it was completely surprising and humorous , casey 's very funny idea , and his argument five million times looked at .
5260N V N PRP V . <eoc> this approach is true for all new things we 're creative .
5261V PRP N . <eoc> and that all leads us to a big question .
5262V . <eoc> what does that mean ?
5263N . <eoc> oak .
5264V . <eoc> what does that mean ?
5265N , N , N , V N , N V N . <eoc> tastemotionists , creative participation , completely unexpected , are the characteristics of a new kind of media and culture , which each access has access , and that 's what the audience member is in the audience .
5266N V , V N V PRP N . <eoc> as i said , one of the right now is largest stars -- justin bieber -- made his start with youtube .
5267N V PRP N . <eoc> no one has to give your ideas green light .
5268N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and today , we all feel as owners of our pop culture .
5269V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and these are not the characteristics of the old media , and they also don 't get to the media of today , but they 're going to determine the conversation of the future .
5270N . <eoc> thanks .
5271N V N , N V N V N V N V N PRP . <eoc> how can i talk about three generations of learning about three generations , and how the amazing strength of this connection was in a four-year girl when she talks about 30 years ago -- this little girl who lives in san francisco now today ?
5272N V . <eoc> the story is not over .
5273PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's a puzzle that 's still being compiled .
5274N V PRP N . <eoc> i want to tell you about some of the puzzle pieces .
5275V N V PRP N . <eoc> imagine the first piece : a man who is burning his life 's work .
5276PRP V N , N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> he 's a pob , a writer , a man whose whole life was held together by the simple hope of his home and freedom .
5277V PRP N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> keep it in the demise of the communists in saigon in front of my eyes , how he 's going to have a single waste of life .
5278N , PRP N , V PRP . <eoc> the words , so long his friends , fell in his own .
5279PRP V N . <eoc> he moved back to silence .
5280PRP V , N . <eoc> he died , broken by the story .
5281PRP V PRP N . <eoc> he 's my grandfather .
5282N V PRP . <eoc> i never met him personally .
5283PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> but our lives are so much more than our memories .
5284PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> my grandmother never forgot to be his life .
5285N V PRP V , PRP V PRP N V N V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> i had to worry that it wasn 't free , and it was my job to learn that the story was not trying to break us , we 've been overstanding .
5286N V N . <eoc> the next puzzle part shows how a boat in the early dawn moves on lake .
5287PRP N V PRP N V N , N . <eoc> my mother may was 18 when her father died -- already in an arranged marriage , two little girls .
5288PRP , PRP V N PRP N V N . <eoc> for her , her life had been asked her a task : the escape of the family and a new life in australia .
5289PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it was completely excludes that it could fail .
5290N V N , N V N . <eoc> after a four-year and film scala was a boat still suffered from the lake , as a fishing boat .
5291N V N . <eoc> all adults were aware of the risks .
5292PRP V N , N . <eoc> they had the greatest fear of harm , rape and death .
5293N , PRP N V N . <eoc> like most adults on the boat , my mother was a little toxic bottle .
5294N , PRP N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> in a tutoring man , my sister would have my sister and i would drink it and my grandmother .
5295PRP N V N , V N , N . <eoc> my first memories are from this boat -- the steaming of the engine , which clap one of every wave on the bus , the vastness and empty horizon .
5296V N V N , N V PRP N , N , N V N . <eoc> i don 't remember the pirates that were many times , but from the death courage of men on our boat , or in the case of the engine , i didn 't want to start with six hours .
5297V N , N V , V N V PRP , V N V PRP N . <eoc> but i remember the lights of the oil platform from the malysian coast , and in the young man who broke down and died , the end of the journey was too much for him , and to the taste of the first comb that gave me to the one of the men on the platform .
5298N V PRP . <eoc> no apple ever snapped it .
5299N , PRP V N . <eoc> after three months in a refugee camp , we landed in melbourne .
5300N V N V N . <eoc> and the next puzzle i have about four women in three generations that are building together a new life .
5301PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> we let 's roll in football , one of the workforce that live in the field of immigrants from immigrants from immigrants .
5302N , PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> unlike in the ancient middle class of the elderly , whose existence me completely unknown there was no prospect of it in playing football .
5303N V N . <eoc> the smells of the halls came from the rest of the world .
5304N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and the women 's broken english has been replaced between people who have one thing in common : they started new .
5305PRP N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> my mother worked on farms , and then on a line of car park in a car factory , six days , double layers .
5306PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they somehow find the time to find english and elementary identification .
5307PRP V . <eoc> we were poor .
5308N V , V N , N PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> every dollar has been divided , and became more educated for english and mathematics , no matter what we needed to do with that , mostly the new things that came out of two hand .
5309N , N V N . <eoc> two thousand employees , each one to cover the holes in the other .
5310N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> a school uniform go to the knock-off , because it had to be six years .
5311V N , N , N , V N . N <eoc> and there were the rare but painful choirs of " lean eye , " and here , " aot , go home . "
5312V N . <eoc> where is home ?
5313N V PRP . <eoc> something blew up inside me .
5314V N , N V , N V PRP N . N <eoc> there was a meeting of reconciliation , and a quiet voice said , " i 'm going to go out of your way . "
5315PRP N , PRP N , N V N . <eoc> my mother , my sister , and i slept in the same bed .
5316PRP N V N , PRP V PRP N , V N PRP N . <eoc> my mother was exhausted every night , but we told each other from our day , and heard the movements of our grandmother in the house .
5317PRP N V N . <eoc> my mother was suffering from the boat .
5318PRP V PRP N V , PRP N V PRP . <eoc> and it was my job to stay awake every night , until their nightmare came to instill on her .
5319PRP V N , V N , V N . <eoc> she opened up a computer business , made a costuticisiac , and i opened a business .
5320N V PRP N V N , N , N . <eoc> and the women came with their stories about men who didn 't carry the change , angry and unflexible , and incredenced children , trapped between two worlds .
5321N V . <eoc> loan and sponsors were being searched .
5322N V . <eoc> centers were built .
5323N V N . <eoc> i lived in parallel worlds .
5324N , N V N PRP . <eoc> in one time , i was the classic asian student at uniture demands on himself .
5325N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> in the other hand , i was involved in insecure life , the tragic scars of violence , the drug harmar and the insulation .
5326N V N . <eoc> but so many people got help .
5327N , N V PRP N . <eoc> and because of this help , i was going to look at my last year of juarez as a young african-american process .
5328N V N , N V . <eoc> and i was going to go through a piece of the puzzle , and the edges didn 't fit together .
5329N , N , V N , N V N PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> tan le , anonymous dorm of football , was now an el and refugee and social activist who was invited to places in places that she never heard , and in homes that they never could have imagined .
5330N V N . <eoc> i was not familiar with the labels .
5331N V N V . <eoc> i didn 't know how to bribe the bribe .
5332N V N V N . <eoc> i didn 't know how to talk about wine .
5333N V N V N . <eoc> i didn 't know how to talk about anything .
5334V N , N , N V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> i wanted to go back in the routine and the comfort of life of an unknown assessment -- a grandmother , a mother and two daughters , and slept with each other 's stories of their day , and we still have three still in the same bed .
5335N V PRP N , V . <eoc> i told my mother , i wouldn 't do that .
5336PRP V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> she reminded me that i was so old as she was when we ran the boat .
5337V N . <eoc> no has never been an opportunity .
5338N V PRP , PRP V . N PRP V . V <eoc> " do it easy , " she said . " and not what you are not . "
5339V N , N V N . <eoc> so i talked about youth unemployment and education , and the neglect of the margents and perpetrated .
5340N V , N V . <eoc> and the open i was talking , the more i should say .
5341N V N , PRP V PRP V , V N . <eoc> i met people in all life , so many of them did what they loved , lived on the boundaries of possible .
5342N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and even though i had graduated , i realized i couldn 't find a career in juira .
5343V N . <eoc> there had to be another puzzle piece .
5344N V N PRP V N , N , N , N V , N . <eoc> and i realized at the same time that it 's okay to be an underdog , a newcomer , new in the picture -- and not just okay , but something that 's going to be grateful , maybe a gift of the boeing .
5345V N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> because listening is that easy to collapse to the collapse of the horizons , can be so easily that you 're accepted the assumptions of the environment .
5346N V PRP N V , N V , N PRP V PRP . <eoc> i 've gone out of my convenience field to know that , yes , the world breaks down , but not as you fear it .
5347N V , V . <eoc> opportunities that would have been allowed , were encouraged explicitly .
5348V N , N , N . <eoc> there was an energy , an unfavorable optimism , a strange mixer of humility and humility and the waiter .
5349V PRP N . <eoc> so i followed my gut feeling .
5350N V N PRP N V N V N . <eoc> i collected a little team of people around me that the boxes " doesn 't go " an unmemorable challenge .
5351N , PRP V N . <eoc> for a year , we had no choice .
5352N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> at the end of each day , i have a huge pig soup that we shared .
5353PRP V N . <eoc> we worked until the night in the night .
5354PRP N V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> most of our ideas were crazy , but they were a couple of brilliant , and we managed to achieve the breakthrough .
5355N V N V N <eoc> i met the decision to draw in the u.s.
5356V N . <eoc> that 's just a journey in there .
5357PRP N . <eoc> so my gut feeling again .
5358N , N V , N V . <eoc> three months later , i was moved , and i was moving on .
5359N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> before i close the talk , i want to tell you about my grandmother .
5360PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> she grew up at a time , in confucian anism , the social norm and the local mandatory person was the most important person .
5361N V N . <eoc> life had not changed since centuries .
5362PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> her father died shortly after her birth .
5363PRP N V PRP . <eoc> her mother moved her alone .
5364N , PRP V N , N V PRP . <eoc> at 17 , she became the second woman of a girl , whose mother suggested it .
5365N PRP N , PRP V N V PRP N PRP N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> without a support of her husband , she was worried about a surge in front of his husband and his husband was in her own case , and she had a greater depression than she won .
5366N V N V . <eoc> " no " is not " turned out to be true .
5367N V N , PRP V , N . <eoc> i showered in a hotel room in sydney , when she died , 1,000 kilometers away in melbourne .
5368N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i looked through the dusty robe , and she saw her on the other side .
5369N V PRP V N . <eoc> i knew she was coming to say goodbye .
5370PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> my mother called me a few minutes after that .
5371N , PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> a few days later , we went into a buddhist temple in football prray and sat around her sarg .
5372PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> we told her stories , and we assured them that we were still .
5373N , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> at midnight , the monk came in and said , he had to finish the arg .
5374PRP N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> my mother asked us to make her hand .
5375PRP V N , V PRP N V N PRP V . N <eoc> she asked the monk , " why is your hand so warm and the rest of you is so cold ? "
5376N PRP V PRP N , N PRP V . <eoc> " because she said it for this morning , " he said .
5377N PRP V PRP . V <eoc> " you didn 't abandon them . "
5378PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> if it has a band in our family , it 's going through the women .
5379PRP V PRP V N V PRP , PRP V N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> you can see who we were and how life has made us , and we can see that the men who might have come in our lives have come to our lives .
5380N V . <eoc> the defeat would have been too easy .
5381V PRP N , V N . <eoc> now i 'd like to have my own children , and i think about the boat .
5382V N . <eoc> who would ever wish ?
5383, N V N , N , N . <eoc> yes , i 'm afraid of privilege , inwardness , preconceptions .
5384V PRP N , V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> can i give you a bug in your life , the brave of any wave , the unsatis, steaming of the engine , the long horizon , which doesn 't guarantee anything ?
5385V N V . <eoc> i don 't know .
5386V PRP , PRP V , N V PRP . <eoc> but if i could give it , and you could secure , i would do it .
5387, N V N . <eoc> and also , the mother is now in the fourth or fifth row .
5388N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm here to share my photography with you .
5389V N . <eoc> is there all photography ?
5390, N , V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> because , of course , this is a picture you can 't capture with your camera .
5391PRP N V PRP N , N . <eoc> but my interest in photography when i received my first digital camera at the age of 15 , in the age of 15 .
5392N V PRP N , PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i combined it with my earlier conception , but it was a little bit different , because the camera was using the camera was actually in planning .
5393PRP V N , N V PRP V N . <eoc> and if you take a picture with a camera , the process ends when you squeeze the trigger .
5394PRP , N , N V N . <eoc> so for me , in photography , the whole thing seemed to be about to be in the right place at the right time .
5395N V N V . <eoc> i believed everybody could do that .
5396V N , N V N V . <eoc> so i wanted to create something else , something that begins when the trigger is squeezed .
5397N V N . <eoc> photos like this : a building line along a lot of driving down .
5398PRP V N . <eoc> but it has an unexpected twist .
5399PRP V N . <eoc> and yet it turns out a real level .
5400N , N V N . <eoc> or photos like these -- dark and colorful , but everyone with the common goal to keep a realistic level .
5401N V N , V N . <eoc> when i say reality , i mean photography of reality .
5402, N , PRP V N PRP V , V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> because , of course , it 's not something you can actually capture , but i 'd like to look at it as if you can have a picture .
5403N PRP V N V N . <eoc> photos where you have to think a brief moment to figure out the trick .
5404PRP V N . <eoc> so it 's more about catching an idea as a moment .
5405V N V PRP V . <eoc> what is the trick that makes it seem realistic ?
5406V PRP N . <eoc> is it about the details or the colors ?
5407V PRP N . <eoc> is it about the light ?
5408V N . <eoc> what creates the illusion ?
5409N V N . <eoc> sometimes the perspective is the illusion .
5410, PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and last , but it 's about how we look at the world , and how they can be done on a two-dimensional surface .
5411PRP V N V , PRP V . <eoc> it 's not about what 's realistic , but what we think is realistic .
5412V N V . <eoc> so i think the basics are very simple .
5413N V PRP N PRP V N V N . <eoc> i see you as a puzzle of reality that you can take different pieces and put together to create an alternative reality .
5414V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and let me show you a simple example .
5415PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> we have three perfect beliefs here with which we can all identify in a three-dimensional world .
5416N , PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> but in a particular way , together , you can create something that 's still three-dimensional looking like it could exist .
5417N , PRP V . <eoc> but at the same time , we know that this is not possible .
5418PRP V PRP N , PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> so we 're asking our brains , because our brains are just accepted that it doesn 't really make sense .
5419V N V N . <eoc> and i see the same process in combining photographs .
5420PRP V N . <eoc> it 's really just about combining different realities .
5421N V N , V PRP V N PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> so the things that make a picture of realistic look , i think it 's the things that we don 't think about the things around us in our lives .
5422PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> but if we combine photographs , it 's really important to think about it , because otherwise they just look something wrong .
5423V N V N . <eoc> so i would say that there are three simple rules to follow a realistic outcome .
5424PRP V , V N . <eoc> as you can see , these are not three special images .
5425N , PRP V N V . <eoc> but with this together , you can do something special about what this is creating .
5426N V N V N . <eoc> so the first rule is that combined photos should have the same perspective .
5427, V N V N . <eoc> second , combined photographs were to have the same lighting photographs .
5428N V N , N . <eoc> and these two pictures are sequencing these two demands -- from the same height , and the same illumination .
5429, PRP V N V N V PRP . <eoc> third , it 's not possible to tell where the individual images and end by connecting them seamlessly .
5430PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's impossible to say how the photo was actually put together .
5431V N , N , N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> so by putting color , contrast and resilience to the edges of the individual images , some photographic misconceptions , like field and look like a single photo , even though an image can basically contain hundreds of levels of levels .
5432V N . <eoc> here 's another example .
5433PRP V PRP V N , N V . <eoc> you might think it 's just a landscape , and the bottom part is manipulated .
5434N V , N . <eoc> and this picture is completely composed , from photographs of different places .
5435N . PRP V N V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> i personally include . that it 's easier to create a place as a place , because you don 't have to make compromise with the ideas in your head .
5436PRP V N . <eoc> but it requires a lot of planning .
5437N V N , N V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and when i had this idea in the winter , i knew that i needed several months to plan for them to find the different places for the puzzle of the puzzle .
5438N , N V N . <eoc> for example , the fish was taken on a reboot trip .
5439N V N . <eoc> the shoreline comes from another place .
5440N V N . <eoc> the underwater part is from a stone .
5441, V N , V PRP N . <eoc> and yes , i 've actually colored the house on the island , to make it look like swedish .
5442V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and to achieve a realistic outcome , it 's going to come from me to a planning .
5443N V N , N . <eoc> i always start with a sketchy , an idea .
5444PRP V N . <eoc> and then it 's about the combination of different images .
5445V N . <eoc> and here 's a very good planned planned on this .
5446PRP V N , N V , . <eoc> and if you make good images , the result can be pretty beautiful , and also quite realistic .
5447PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so they 're all tools there , and the only thing that is limited to us is our imagination .
5448N . <eoc> thanks .
5449N V PRP N . <eoc> i would like to talk to you about why so many electronic health projects .
5450V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and i think the most important point is that we stopped talking to our patients .
5451N PRP V N V N . <eoc> and one of the things we introduced on the cradle to university was to ask a major audience .
5452PRP V PRP V N V N , N , N , N V PRP . <eoc> it doesn 't matter especially scientifically -- it 's a cup of coffee or tea and asks the patient , families , relatives , " how do it ?
5453PRP V PRP . V <eoc> how can we help you ? "
5454PRP V PRP V N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and we think we want to think that this is one of the main problems that everyone -- maybe only most of the electronic health projects failed : because we stopped listening .
5455V PRP N . N . <eoc> this is my wage story . a very simple thing .
5456PRP V N , N . <eoc> she has a button , on / .
5457N . <eoc> and every morning i sprint .
5458, N V N PRP V . <eoc> and yeah , i have a task of how you might recognize .
5459N V PRP N . <eoc> i put my job on 95 lbs .
5460PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it works very simple : every time i go on the scale , it 's sending my data on google health .
5461PRP V PRP N , PRP V PRP N V , N V N , N . <eoc> and then they 're also going to cut from my general doctor , so he can see where my weight problem is , and not just in the moment that i need to be a cardiance in the past , but also with a look at the past .
5462V N . <eoc> but there 's something else .
5463PRP V , V N . <eoc> maybe you know that , i 've got over 4,000 foffs who on twitter .
5464N , N V PRP N , N V PRP N V N , N , N . N <eoc> so every morning , i sprinkle on my wantage , and people talk to me before i sit in the car , " lunch , only a little salad here today , lucal . "
5465V N V , N V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but this is the most general thing that can happen because this is the group of peer , groups of help to help patients , because it could be used against obesity or maybe patients might smoke the smoking .
5466PRP V N V PRP N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> but it could also be used to get people out of their chairs , and bringing them together in some kind of game to control better health .
5467N , PRP V N . <eoc> by the next week , it comes to the market .
5468PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's going to give this little blood pressure chart that you can use to an iphone or something like that .
5469PRP V N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP N , N . <eoc> and it will enable people to measure their blood pressure to send him to their doctor and share it with others , for something more than 100 dollars .
5470N , N V N . PRP V N V N PRP N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> at this point , the patients come in the game . they can 't only take control over again and have captain on their own ship , but we can also help public health care , and the cost of public health care , double demand and so on .
5471V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> do the techniques that are easy to use and start to embrace them with these people to hug a team .
5472PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and you can do that with these sorts of methods , but also crowdsource .
5473N PRP V , V PRP N . <eoc> and one of the things we 've done , i 'd like to share with you through a short video .
5474PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> we have all the navigation systems in our cars .
5475PRP N . <eoc> maybe even in our mobile phones .
5476PRP V N V N . <eoc> we know exactly where all the atm machines are around maemerrons .
5477PRP V N V . <eoc> we know another one where all gas stations are lying .
5478, PRP V N . <eoc> and sure , we can find fast food chains .
5479V N V N . <eoc> but where would the next aed to help this patient ?
5480PRP V , N V PRP . <eoc> we asked around , and nobody knew it .
5481N V N V N . <eoc> nobody knew where the next lifesaver was to find this moment .
5482, V PRP V . PRP V N . <eoc> so , what did we do ? we crowdsourcing crowdsourcing .
5483PRP V N V N , V PRP V N , N V PRP V PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> we built a website and a human crowd said , " if you see an aed , please share with us where he is , when he 's closed , " because sometimes it 's closed off during business times .
5484N V N . <eoc> and over 10,000 aeds have been signed in the netherlands .
5485N V N . <eoc> the next step was to find the apps for this .
5486PRP V N . <eoc> and we made a ibuard app .
5487PRP V N , V N V N . <eoc> we developed an app for layland , augmented reality to find these ameses .
5488PRP V N , N V , PRP V PRP N , N PRP N V N V N . <eoc> and if you 're in a city like macausv , and someone will collapse you , you can use your iphone , and within the next few weeks that the micro-software cell phones can save the next aed to save the lives .
5489N , PRP V N , N V , N . <eoc> and by today , we don 't just want to introduce this as aedbuu , like the product called , but also as amed4os .
5490PRP V N . <eoc> and we want to bring this on a global scale .
5491PRP V PRP N , N , V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and we ask our colleagues all over the world , from other universities , to help us behave like music points to crowdsource these amedes around the world .
5492PRP V N , PRP V PRP N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if you 're in vacation , and somebody you have collapses , it 's your own internal or somebody else , can find such an aed .
5493N PRP V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> the other thing we want to ask is that companies are helping us in the whole world for verification .
5494V N , N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> these could be in class , or technicians for example , just to make sure that the stated ace is still in its place .
5495V PRP V PRP V N , V PRP N . <eoc> please help us and try and do it not only to improve health , but to take your hand .
5496N . <eoc> thanks .
5497N V N . <eoc> today i 'm going to talk about unexpected discoveries .
5498N . <eoc> i work in the solar technology industry .
5499PRP N V PRP V N V <eoc> and my little sketchy wants us to force ourselves by protecting the environment by ...
5500N V N . <eoc> i need to crowdsource polls .
5501V N PRP V . <eoc> here 's a quick video about what we 're doing .
5502. N . <eoc> oh . a moment .
5503PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it might take it until it 's downloaded .
5504PRP V N V N <eoc> now -- we can just jump out -- i 'm just going to jump out the video ...
5505. <eoc> no .
5506PRP V <eoc> it 's not ...
5507N . <eoc> okay .
5508N . <eoc> solar technology .
5509, PRP N V . <eoc> oh , my time is over ?
5510N . N PRP . <eoc> okay . thank you .
5511N , N V N V N V N V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> so a few years ago , i started a program to get the stars in technology and design to take away a year and work in an environment that 's almost everything they actually hate ; we 're going to work in the government .
5512N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> the program is called " code for america , " and it 's a little bit like the peacekeepers .
5513PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we pick up some panels every year , and we 're going to work it with urban design .
5514V PRP N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> instead of sending them into the third world , we send them in city hall .
5515PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and they developed this great apps , worked with urban employees .
5516PRP V N V N . <eoc> but what they really do is to show what today is possible today with technology .
5517PRP V . <eoc> so they meet al .
5518V N . <eoc> al is a hydrant in the city of boston .
5519PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> here it looks like he 's looking for a date , but what he really looks like is someone who is released him when he 's asleep because he 's not very good at the cover of milk .
5520V PRP V N . <eoc> how did he get looking for this particular kind of help ?
5521PRP V N V N . N <eoc> we had a team of vicodles in boston in boston to the " code for america . "
5522PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> they were there in february , and it 's got a lot of fame .
5523PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they realized that the city never went out of this hyfire .
5524N , N V N , V N , V N V N . <eoc> but a certain fellow , a man named erik michaelsen , who was even noticed something else , and that was that people were going to open the sidewalks directly before these parts .
5525PRP V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> so he did what any good developers would do , he wrote an app .
5526PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a nice little app where you can adopt a hydrant .
5527PRP V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> you dare to shove him open up when it 's snowed .
5528PRP V , PRP V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you do that , you can give him a name , and he called the first al .
5529PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> if you don 't do that , you can make it away .
5530V N . <eoc> so there 's a nice little game dynamic .
5531V N . <eoc> this is a modest little app .
5532PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's probably the smallest of 21 apps that wrote the branches in the last year .
5533PRP V N V N . <eoc> but she does something that doesn 't do any other government technology .
5534PRP V . <eoc> it 's evolving fast .
5535V N V N , V PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> there 's this guy in the iamn department in the city of homumreu , who saw that he could use this app , not for snow , but to adopt the citizens of the tsunami of the people .
5536PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> it 's very important that these tsunami work , but people steal the batteries .
5537PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> so he got the citizens to check it .
5538, N V N V N . <eoc> and then , seattle , the app to use the app to clean up the citizens .
5539N PRP V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and chicago has just been introduced for you to get the people out of the buscrubbing when it snows .
5540PRP V N , V N . <eoc> we know nine cities , planning to use this app .
5541PRP V , N . <eoc> and it has exploded , organic , of course .
5542PRP V N , PRP V PRP V . <eoc> if you know something about government technology , you know that it doesn 't normally happen .
5543N V N . <eoc> the creation of software takes a few years .
5544PRP V N V N , N V N . <eoc> we had a team that worked on a project last year in boston , for three people and two and half months .
5545PRP V N V N V N PRP N . <eoc> it was about a method to find out of the parents who are the right public schools for their children .
5546PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we were told later that if it was going to be about the normal channels , it would have taken over two years , and it cost over two million dollars .
5547PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's not something yet .
5548V N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> there 's a project in california law right now , that the taxpayer paid two billion dollars , and it doesn 't work .
5549V N . <eoc> and there are projects like this on every level of the government .
5550N V N , PRP V , V N . <eoc> so an app that was written in a few days , and then it turns out , is a kind of shot before the bush in the united states .
5551PRP V N V N , N V PRP V . <eoc> it shows how government could work better -- no longer as a private company , as many people think they should think .
5552N , PRP V N PRP . <eoc> and not even like a technological company , it 's more like the internet itself .
5553V N , V . <eoc> and that means free access , which means open and productive .
5554V . <eoc> and that 's important .
5555, N V PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> but more importantly , this app is that it represents a new generation that provides the problem of government -- not as the problem of a scarcity , but as a problem of collective trade .
5556V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's a very good news , because it turns out that we are very good in the collective action with digital technology .
5557V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> now there 's a large community of people who make the tools that we need to put things effectively together .
5558PRP V N , V N V N , N PRP N . <eoc> it 's not just " code for america , there are hundreds of people around the country who write up and government apps , every day in their own communities .
5559PRP V N . <eoc> they didn 't give up the government .
5560PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> they 're terrible frustrated with her , but they don 't complain about it , they repair them .
5561N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and these people know something that we 've lost from the eyes .
5562V PRP V PRP N , N V PRP V N , N , N PRP V PRP V . V <eoc> and that 's when you all get your feelings about politics and the queue of the workforce , and all the other things that we really forget about is government , in the words of tim o 'reilly , " what we do is we can 't do alone . "
5563N , N V N . <eoc> today , a lot of people have given up the government .
5564PRP V N , N V PRP V N V . <eoc> and if you 're one of these people , i want you to think about that because things change .
5565N V N V . <eoc> politics doesn 't change ; the government is changing .
5566N V PRP N PRP V PRP , PRP V N . N PRP V N V . <eoc> and because the government ultimately throws their power from us -- and then he goes to you , " we the people ? " -- how we think about how this change is happening .
5567N V N V N . <eoc> i didn 't know much about government when i started this program .
5568N , N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> and as many people , i thought it was mostly people to vote in office .
5569N , N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> now after two years , i 've come to the conclusion that it 's all about communities in municipals rats .
5570V N . <eoc> this is the call center for service and information .
5571PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they usually come out when you walk in your city 311 .
5572PRP V N V PRP N , PRP N V N , V N PRP N . <eoc> if you have ever got the chance to work in your city center , as our fellow fellow scott marks as part of the program -- in fact , that a marisrat is in their house .
5573N V N . <eoc> so scott gets this violinist .
5574PRP V N V N . <eoc> he grabs a marisa rat " in the official database .
5575PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> and he doesn 't really have an idea . he starts with the animal catcher .
5576, PRP V , N , PRP V N PRP N V N , V N . N <eoc> and finally , he says , " look , can you just open all the doors in your house and see very sounds very loud music , and see if the livestock 's skin ? "
5577V . N . <eoc> and that worked . applause for scott .
5578V N . <eoc> but that was not the end of the thylacine .
5579N V N . <eoc> boston is not just a call center .
5580PRP V N , N , V N . N <eoc> it has an app , a web-and tay-app , called " citizen 's file . "
5581PRP V N . <eoc> we didn 't write the app .
5582V N V N . <eoc> this is the work very bright people in the office of the new marine urban construct in boston .
5583N V N V N PRP N . N V PRP V . <eoc> one day -- this is an actual report -- came in this : " whale rat in my trash . can 't tell if it 's dead .
5584V PRP V PRP . V <eoc> how do you get it away ? "
5585V N V . <eoc> but what happens with " citizen 's screening " is different .
5586N V . <eoc> scott signed from human to human .
5587N V N , N V PRP . <eoc> but on " citizen 's conect " is all public public , so everyone can see it .
5588N , PRP V N . <eoc> and in this case , it looked a neighbor .
5589N PRP V , N V , N V N . <eoc> and the next post that we got to get was , " i went across there , the garbage ton was behind the house .
5590N . , V . N . <eoc> marsuzrat ? yes , alive ? yap .
5591V N . V N . <eoc> turned the trash loads onto the page . went home .
5592N , N . N <eoc> good night , sweesufire . "
5593. <eoc> pretty simple .
5594V . V N . <eoc> that 's great . here is the digital physical thing .
5595PRP V N V N . <eoc> and it 's also a good example of getting the government in crowdsourcing .
5596PRP V N . <eoc> but it 's also a great example of the government as a platform .
5597V N . <eoc> and i don 't necessarily mean a technical definition of a platform .
5598N V N V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm going to talk about a platform for people to help themselves and help other .
5599N V N , N V N . <eoc> a citizen helped another citizen , but the government was playing a central role .
5600PRP V N . <eoc> she joins these two people .
5601PRP V PRP V N , PRP V , N V N . <eoc> and you could have allowed them to connect to government services , if they had been needed , but a neighbor is a far better and cheaper alternative to government services .
5602N V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> when a neighbor gets to help , we strengthen our communities .
5603V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> let 's call the animal cooker , it costs a lot of money .
5604N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> one of the most important things is that we need to think that government is not the same as politics .
5605N V PRP V N . <eoc> and most people understand that but they believe that one is the input of the other .
5606PRP N V . <eoc> that our contribution to the system is choosing .
5607PRP V N PRP V N V N , PRP V N V PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> how often we chose a political leader -- and sometimes we 've used a lot of energy to choose a new political leader -- and then we lean back , and we expect the government , not much changed our needs ?
5608V N V N V N . <eoc> this is because the government is like a further ocean and politics is the top 15th inch .
5609V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and what is underneath it is what we call bureaucracy .
5610PRP V N . <eoc> and we use this word with this contempt .
5611PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N V PRP , N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> but it 's that contempt that is that we own , and for which we pay to be something that is working against us , something else , and then we made ourselves .
5612N V N V . <eoc> people seem to think politics is sexy .
5613PRP V N PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> if we want this institution for us , we have to make our bureaucracy .
5614PRP V N V . <eoc> because it 's where the real government is going to happen .
5615PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we need to leave us on the machine 's script .
5616N V PRP . <eoc> so the ocbrad framework movement has done it .
5617V PRP V N . <eoc> have you seen these guys ?
5618PRP V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> it 's a group of concerned citizens who wrote a very detailed 360 page report , which is an answer to the m.mo on the law institute of finance .
5619V , V N . <eoc> this is not politically active , this is bureaucratic .
5620, PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> well , for those of us who have given up , it 's time we think about the world we want to leave our children .
5621PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> you have to imagine the enormous challenges that you have to imagine .
5622V PRP V PRP V PRP V , V N V N PRP . <eoc> do we really believe that we can achieve what we need to achieve without improving an institution , which can actually act in the name of all of us ?
5623N V , PRP V . <eoc> a government is absolutely necessary , but it needs to be more efficient .
5624N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> the good news is that technology is capable of making the function of the government in a way that can actually achieve something that is empowered by society .
5625V N V N , PRP V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and there 's a generation that grew up with the internet , and it knows that it 's not so hard to do things together , you have to build that only properly .
5626N PRP N V , V , N PRP . <eoc> now the average age of our field is 28 , so i 'm , sadly , almost one generation older than most of you .
5627V N V PRP N V . <eoc> this is a generation that grew up with her voice than granted .
5628PRP V N PRP V , V PRP V . <eoc> they 're not fighting this struggle that we all fight , to talk about who can talk ; they 're all allowed to speak .
5629PRP V PRP N , N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> you can make your opinion , on every channel of every time , and you do it .
5630, PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> so , if you 're faced with the problem of government , you don 't worry about using your voices .
5631PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they use their hands .
5632PRP V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> they use their hands to write applications that improve the government 's work .
5633N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> and these apps allow us to use our hands to improve our communities .
5634PRP V N , V N . <eoc> it could be a hydrant window open , clustering to weed a trash dog with a soldier .
5635, PRP V N , N V . <eoc> and certainly , we would have these blooms all the time , and many people do that .
5636N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> but these apps are like little digital memories , that we are not only consumers , and we 're not only consumers who are paying taxes and receive performance .
5637PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> we are more than that , we 're citizens .
5638PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and we 're not going to improve government better until we improve government .
5639N V PRP V PRP V N PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so the question that i have for you all here : if it 's the big important things that we have to do together , all of us are going to be just a lot of voices , or will we be a lot of hands ?
5640N . <eoc> thanks .
5641PRP N V N V N V , N V , V N V PRP V . <eoc> and my role in explaining the people like wonderful the new technologies that are going to be , and i thought , and i thought that we could barely keep up .
5642N V PRP N , N . <eoc> i 'm going to begin to show you a little bit of boring , little boring slide .
5643PRP V N . <eoc> ... could you just show the slide please .
5644V N V N PRP N . <eoc> this is a slide that i picked up from my folder .
5645N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> i 'm not talking about the details of the slide , but it 's about the general form .
5646N V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> this slide shows data from us about the performance of risky processors compared to the performance of a high-area networks .
5647N V N , N PRP V N PRP N , N V N . <eoc> the interesting thing here is that this slide , like a lot of the things that we often find in our field , a way is just on a semi-logarithmic curve .
5648N , N V N . <eoc> in other words , every step here is a potency in the electricity .
5649V N PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's a newer that we have to use this type of scale on top of a logarithmic log in the area of technology .
5650N V . <eoc> something very strange happens here .
5651V N V . <eoc> this is basically what i 'm going to talk about here .
5652, PRP V N . <eoc> so , if you could do that light again .
5653N , N V N . <eoc> another little bit more bright , because i 'm going to draw a little bit on paper here .
5654, V PRP V N . <eoc> now , why do we draw graphs in the technology on the semi-logarithmic graph ?
5655N V N V PRP N , PRP V N , V N , N V N . <eoc> the reason for that is when i would draw it on a normal curve , where , we say that 's the years , so the timeline 's going on with a graph , the graph becomes silly .
5656PRP V . <eoc> and then you look like this .
5657V PRP . <eoc> and that doesn 't tell us much .
5658V N , PRP V N , V N , N . <eoc> now if i want to record another technology , we 're going to say a transportation technology , then that would come up with the semi-logarithmic scale , this is very non-reasonable logarithmic form in the form of a flat line .
5659V , V N . <eoc> but if this is happening here , this changes the high-quality conditions .
5660N V N , PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> so if the transportation technology was so fast as the microprocessor technology , we could go into a taxi , and 30 seconds we would be in tokyo .
5661PRP V . <eoc> but it 's not so fast .
5662V N , N , V N . <eoc> this has never been before in the history of technology development , this kind of recursive growth , which has increased all tens of thousands of years .
5663N V PRP V PRP V N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> the question i want to ask you is when you look at these exponential curves , you see , they don 't go for further .
5664PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's not possible that everything is always evolving and forever as fast as well .
5665V N . <eoc> there are two opportunities .
5666PRP V N , N , PRP V . <eoc> either of it becomes a classic curve , like this , until something completely new from there , or it will happen here .
5667V PRP . <eoc> that 's it .
5668, V N , V N V . <eoc> now , i 'm an optimist , so i think something like this is going to happen .
5669PRP V , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> it 's really that , it means , we 're in the middle of a transition right now .
5670PRP V N , N . <eoc> we 're here on this line , in a transition from the past world to a new kind of world .
5671N V , V PRP V N V . <eoc> so the question i want to ask , and i often ask myself how this new world is going to be ?
5672V N V N . <eoc> what is this new state that will embrace the world ?
5673N V , PRP V N . <eoc> because the transition seems to be very confusing , if you 're in the middle of this .
5674N V N , N V N , N V N V . <eoc> when i was a kid , the future was there somewhere in 2000 , and people often talked about what 's going to happen in 2000 .
5675PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> now we have a conference where people talk about the future , and you realize that the future is still in 2000 .
5676PRP V N . <eoc> and then as we don 't go .
5677N , N V N V N . <eoc> so in other words , the future every year is a year since i was on this world .
5678N V N V PRP V N V . <eoc> i think the reason is that we realize that something is underway .
5679N V . PRP V PRP . <eoc> the transition happens . we can all feel it .
5680PRP V PRP V N V N , N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and we know that it 's simply not a sense of trying to get 30 or 50 years in the future , because everything is going to be so different that a simple amount of energy that we 're doing now simply doesn 't make sense .
5681N V PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> i want to talk about what it might be that this transition in which we are right now .
5682V , V N V N . <eoc> to do this , i 'm going to talk about some other things that really don 't have to do with technology or computers .
5683V , PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> because i think really can understand this , we need to go back and take a step back and look at it on a long time calaling .
5684N V N . <eoc> and i want to look at this on the timescale of life on earth .
5685N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> i think the big picture makes sense if you divide it into a few billion dollars .
5686V N V , N , N V N . <eoc> so let 's go back , and a half billion years , the earth was a big , sterile chemicals in the table .
5687, PRP V N V , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> now , if you look at the way these chemicals were organized , then we have a pretty good picture about how they put that .
5688N V N V N V N , V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> i also think there are theories that are starting to understand how anything with rna did , but i 'm going to tell you a quick story about what is that there was little oil droplet to the different kinds of rewards of chemicals .
5689N V N V PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> some of these oil droplet was a particular combination of chemicals that allowed them to integrate other chemicals from the outside and grow it .
5690N V , V . <eoc> everybody who were like , started to divide .
5691N V N . <eoc> these little oil droplet were the most primitive cell form in the sense .
5692, N V N , PRP V , N . <eoc> however , these oil droplet wasn 't about alive in the world today , because each one of them was just a small , haphazard recipe of chemicals .
5693N , PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> and every time , when it divided , it has increased chemicals into unequal quantities .
5694N V . <eoc> so each droplet 's slightly different .
5695N , N V N , V N V . <eoc> in fact , the droplet grew as one for the growth of optical compass faster than others , and integrated more chemicals from the outside and divided faster .
5696, N V PRP V N . <eoc> so , these people who were going to survive longer and they 're increasing in bigger terms .
5697V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so this is just a very simple chemical form of life , but it 's more interesting when these beavers were learning a trick on abstraction .
5698N PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> in any way that we don 't quite understand yet this droplet has to learn how to write information .
5699PRP V N , V N PRP V N . <eoc> they 've learned to store the recipe of the cell than information , and that 's in a certain chemical form that we call dna .
5700N , PRP V N , N V PRP V N PRP V N V . <eoc> in other words , they 've found in this kind of mental , evolutionary kind of a way that allowed them to make up what they were doing so that this information could be stored and copied .
5701N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> and the amazing thing about this is that this kind of information is to store over the time of 2.5 billion years in which it emerged .
5702N , N PRP , V PRP N , N . <eoc> in fact , the recipe for us , is our genes , from the exact same code and the same kind of writing .
5703N V N . <eoc> and that every creature uses exactly the same letters and the same code .
5704PRP V PRP V , N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 're so far that we can write , just for the purpose , that it 's in this code .
5705V N , V N . <eoc> and i 've got 100 microns here in the air , which i try to keep in airports from safety semen .
5706V N V , N V N V N PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> in this is -- what i 've done is , i took this code -- the code is comprised of normal letters that we put on the imagery -- and i wrote my business card on a piece of dna and have added 10 ^ 22 times .
5707N V N PRP N , N V N , PRP V . <eoc> so if someone wants a hundred million copies of my business map , i have enough for everybody in this room and even for everyone in this world , and it 's right here .
5708N V N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> if i was actually an ego in reality , i would have written them in a virus and released in the room .
5709V N . <eoc> so what 's the next step ?
5710N V N . <eoc> the supercomputers of dna was an interesting step .
5711V N V PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's what these cells made -- that made them happy for another billion years .
5712N V , N V , V N V N , N V . <eoc> but then another thing happened , very interesting step in which things were completely different , and that 's started to communicate these cells and interact information , so that communities came from cells .
5713V PRP V , N V PRP N . <eoc> i don 't know if you knew that , but bacteria actually actually exchange their dna .
5714PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's also why the reason for preventing antibiotics is growing for antibiotics .
5715N V PRP V N , V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> some bacteria have found how they can hold at penicillin , and have this information together with other bacteria that are written in dna , and now we have a lot of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin because the bacteria are communicating with each other .
5716N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> so these conversations allowed the techniques of communities that were in a certain sense of the same boat ; they were synerd .
5717PRP V , PRP V , V N V , N V N . <eoc> so they either survived , or they went together , which meant that when a community was successful , all the individuals of the community were often repeated and from evolution .
5718N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> the transitional point is where these communities are so close together that they decided to write the recipe for the entire community into a sign of the dna .
5719N V N . <eoc> and the next interesting phase took about another billion years .
5720N , PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> at that point , we have multi-celled communities , communities of many different types of cells , which are acting together as an individual organism .
5721N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , we 're also a multi-celled community .
5722PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> we have a lot of cells that are not challenged on themselves .
5723PRP N V N , N , N . <eoc> your skin cells are useless without heart cells , muscle cells , brain cells and so on .
5724N V N V , N V , N PRP V N . <eoc> so these communities began to continue to develop that the level where evolution was happening , no longer the individual cell was , but the entire cell community that we call organism .
5725N V N . <eoc> the next step happened within these communities .
5726N V N . <eoc> the cell communities began to abstract information again .
5727PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> and they developed special structures which do nothing else to process as information within the organism .
5728V N . <eoc> and these are the neural structures .
5729N V N V N . <eoc> so the neurons are the information processing system that has built these cell communities .
5730PRP V N , N , V N , V N . <eoc> they started to train specialists in the community , special structures , which were responsible for learning , understand and the impact of information .
5731V N . <eoc> and this was the brain and the nervous system of these communities .
5732V PRP N . <eoc> this gave them an evolutionary advantage .
5733N , N V N , V N . <eoc> because at that point , an individual -- learning happened within the length of the lifespan of a single organism , rather than this evolutionary time .
5734N V N V N , PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> so an organism could learn to eat a certain fruition , because they liked it and sick and made him sick and he was eating it .
5735V N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> now this could happen within the lifespan of an individual organism , whereas before hundreds of thousands of years ago , because this information has had to be learned from the individuals who died because these information processing structures are not yet there .
5736, N V N , N V N . <eoc> so , the nervous system has the evolution associated with this particular information process , because evolution could be within an individual .
5737PRP V N . <eoc> she could take place within a time learning framework .
5738V N V N V . <eoc> what happened after that is that the individual organisms have been a way to communicate each other .
5739N , N PRP N V N . <eoc> once as an example , the most sophisticated version of us known version of these communication is human language .
5740PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's a fairly intriguing invention when you think about it .
5741N V , N PRP N . <eoc> i have a very complicated , unforgettable and confusing idea in my head .
5742N V N PRP N V N PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> i 'm sitting here and i 'm going to give a grunlish sound of me in the hope to create a similar impression in your head that has a kind of similarity with my original idea .
5743PRP V N , V PRP N , N , V N . <eoc> so we take something very complicated , turn it into sound , a sequence of sound , and producing something very complicated in the heads of other .
5744V PRP V N . <eoc> so this allows us to work again as a unified organism .
5745PRP V , PRP , N , PRP V . <eoc> and what we actually did , we , humanity , we started measuring .
5746PRP V N V N V N PRP N PRP V N , N . <eoc> we 're starting to go through the same stages that have been through multiple forms -- the abstraction of our methods of how we hold data , the process .
5747N V N . <eoc> so the invention of language was a small step in this direction .
5748N , N , N , N , V PRP N PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> phone calls , computers , video obases , cd roms , and so on are all our specialized mechanisms that we built in our community to have this information .
5749PRP V PRP N V , V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> and it connects us all together to something that is much bigger , and also able to develop faster than we were doing it .
5750, N V N . <eoc> so , today , evolution can happen at the time of microseconds .
5751PRP V N PRP V N , N PRP N . <eoc> you 've seen a little sample of evolutionary examples where he showed a little evolution in " concerted program , right before your eyes .
5752, PRP V N . <eoc> so , we started the time-lapse color again .
5753N V PRP , N . <eoc> the first steps of the story i told you , a billion years per piece .
5754N , N , N . <eoc> the next steps , like the nervous system and the brain , a few hundred million years .
5755N , N , N . <eoc> then the pleasure of view , like language and so on , permanent less than a million years .
5756N , N , V N . <eoc> and these next steps , like electronics , seem to take a few decades .
5757N V PRP , V , N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> the process is feeding by itself , and then , i think autograph is the word for it , when it increases its change velocity .
5758PRP V , N . <eoc> the more it changes , the faster changes .
5759V N PRP V N . <eoc> and i think that 's what we see here in this double curve .
5760PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> we see the process that feed itself .
5761N V N V N V N V N , V N . <eoc> i 'm living by building computers and i know that i know the mechanism i 'm using to build computers , not using the recently done in computer technology .
5762PRP N V N PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> my current practice is to design objects with such a high complexity that it 's impossible for me to design these in traditional sense .
5763V N V N . <eoc> i don 't know what every single transistor in the wiring machine does .
5764PRP V N . <eoc> it has billions of those .
5765N V , N V PRP V N , N V PRP N PRP V PRP . <eoc> what i do instead , and what the designer of thinking is doing is we think of a certain abstract level and the way that the machine is going to make our ability far faster , better and faster than we could ever do it themselves .
5766PRP V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> and it makes it partly because of the methods that we don 't even understand right now .
5767N V , N V N , N PRP . <eoc> and one method which is particularly interesting , and which i 've used in the last time , the evolution itself .
5768PRP V N , V N . <eoc> and we install an evolutionary process in the machine , which is going on in the microwave range .
5769V N , N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> to call an example , in the most extreme cases , we can create a program that evolved from random instructions .
5770PRP V , N , V N . <eoc> we say , " computers , available to a hundred million randomly chosen sequences of instruments .
5771N , N V N , V N , V N V PRP N . N <eoc> now today , please all of these random elected instructions , make all the programs , and choose the ones that i gave you the next . "
5772N , V N V . <eoc> so in other words , i define what i want .
5773V N V N , V N V . <eoc> let 's say , i want to sore numbers -- that would be a simple example of what i 've been using for that .
5774V N V N . <eoc> so find the programs that can be troubled by the lack of numbers .
5775N , N V N V PRP V N , N V . <eoc> of course , the chance of random elected instructions is very small that you 're using random numbers , so maybe not the instructions are actually doing this .
5776, N V N . <eoc> but one , one of those likes to do two numbers in the right order .
5777N V , N , V N PRP N V . <eoc> now i say , " computers , take the ten percent of the sequences which my preconceived would have come to the next .
5778N , N . <eoc> spoiler those off , peeling the rest .
5779V N V N . <eoc> now reputting all the remaining ones that are best in the best way .
5780V N , V N . N <eoc> and this is a modality of recombining , analog to reproduction . "
5781V N , PRP V N V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> take two programs , and they produce kids through the exchange of their subroene , and the children are supplying the characteristics of the subrow of the two programs .
5782V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> so now i have a new generation of programs that emerged through combinations of programs , which have been a little closer to the preconceptions than others are .
5783V , N V N . N <eoc> say , " please again this process . "
5784V PRP . <eoc> put them back .
5785N V N . <eoc> i might run some mutations .
5786V N . <eoc> and i try to do this with another generation .
5787N V N . <eoc> all these generations need few milliseconds .
5788V N , N , N . <eoc> and so i can actually run a evolution over millions of years , in the computer , or in more complicated times a few hours .
5789, N V N V N . <eoc> finally , i get the programs that can be perfect sorting numbers .
5790N , N V N V N . <eoc> in fact , these programs are so much more efficient than any program that i can write by hand .
5791N V N , N V PRP V . <eoc> when i look at these programs , i can 't tell you how they work .
5792N V PRP . <eoc> i tried to understand them .
5793PRP V N . <eoc> they 're wired and strange programs .
5794PRP V N . <eoc> but they do the job .
5795N V PRP V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> i know and i 'm sure you 're going to do the job because you get out of a series of 100,000 programs that have done the job .
5796PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> because their life depended on if they did the job right .
5797N V N , N , PRP V N V , N . N . <eoc> i sat down in a 747 with marvin minsky , and he 's a map out of a map , and says , " oh look . look at that .
5798V N V N V PRP N . V PRP V . N <eoc> there 's this airplane that 's made of hundreds of thousands of pieces that are working together to make their flight more secure . " can 't you know ? "
5799PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> we know that a developmental process is not optimal when it gets too complicated .
5800PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> so we start leaving on computers , for a process which is very different from classical engineering .
5801PRP V PRP N V N V . <eoc> it allows us to do things with a much higher complexity than the standard methods could allow for to produce .
5802, PRP V N PRP . <eoc> and yet , we don 't understand the possibilities of it yet .
5803N V PRP N . <eoc> so two thousand overrides are feeding us the technique .
5804PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we use these programs to make the computers faster , so that we 're capable of making these processes even faster .
5805, PRP V N . <eoc> so , it creates a feedback .
5806PRP V , V N PRP V . <eoc> it gets faster and faster , and i think that 's why it seems so confusing .
5807N PRP V PRP . <eoc> because all these new technologies of themselves are feeding themselves .
5808PRP V . <eoc> we scooped .
5809PRP V N , N V N V N . <eoc> we 're at a point , the analog to the time when single-gengenents organisms evolved into multi-cellgenler organisms .
5810PRP V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> so we 're the amoeba , and we can 't even figure out what the hell we 're doing here are actually .
5811PRP V N . <eoc> we 're in the middle of that overgang .
5812V PRP V . <eoc> but i really believe that after we are there .
5813N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> i think it 's very high for us to say that we are the end product of evolution .
5814V PRP V N V . <eoc> and i think all of us here are part of the creation that 's always coming next .
5815, N V , V N V . <eoc> now , lunch , and i think i 'm listening to now before i 'm going to chosen .
5816PRP N V N , N . <eoc> my story starts right here in rajasthan , about two years ago .
5817N V N V N . <eoc> i was under the star sky in the desert with supi-singer mukhan ali .
5818PRP V N V N . N <eoc> we talked about that nothing has changed since the time of ancient indian era of mahabharata . "
5819PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> if we wanted to travel in the time , we went into a car and throw up on the sky .
5820PRP V N . <eoc> now we do that with airplanes .
5821N , N V N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> at the time , when the great indian warrior prince arboy was thirst , he took a bow , fired into the floor and water .
5822PRP V N . <eoc> now we do that with drilling and machines .
5823PRP V N V N . <eoc> we came to the conclusion that magic and magic were replaced by machines .
5824V PRP . <eoc> that really blew me .
5825N V N . <eoc> i got some fear of technology .
5826N V N V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i was afraid that i could lose the ability to lose the sunset without camera and without tweets to my friends .
5827N V N V . <eoc> i found that technology should make magic and not kill .
5828N V N , PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> when i was a little girl , my grandfather gave me a little silver bag .
5829N V N PRP . <eoc> this piece of 50 years old technology was the most most magical thing for me .
5830PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> it became a golden access to a world full of pirates and obserttering ships and images in my imagination .
5831N V PRP N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i came up with it as a result of our reading and to dream of the cameras .
5832PRP V PRP . <eoc> they kept us from being inspired .
5833N V N V PRP V N V . <eoc> and so i was in the world of technology to see how i could use them to enable magic instead of killing magic .
5834N V N . <eoc> i started to illustrate books with 16 .
5835N V N , N V PRP N V N . <eoc> when i saw the ipad , i saw it as a device to tell readers to the world .
5836PRP V PRP V PRP . <eoc> it can know how we keep it .
5837PRP V PRP V . <eoc> it can know where we are .
5838PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> it 's taking pictures and text together , animation , noise and touch .
5839N V N . <eoc> the storytelling needed more and more senses .
5840V PRP V . <eoc> but what do we do with this ?
5841N V N , N . <eoc> i 'm just going to go to khoya , an interactive ipad .
5842PRP V , N V PRP N . N <eoc> it says , " leag your finger on every light . "
5843, V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> and so , here is : " this box heard ... " i write my name .
5844PRP V N . <eoc> and it becomes a character in the book .
5845, N V PRP N V N V . <eoc> and again , a letter to me down -- and the ipad knows about gps where i go out -- that 's right to me .
5846N PRP V N . <eoc> the kid in me is really excited about this kind of possibilities .
5847N V N . <eoc> i 've talked a lot about magic .
5848V N , N , N PRP V N . <eoc> i don 't mean magicians and dragons , but the magic of childhood , these ideas that we all had as children .
5849N V N V . <eoc> fireflies were always found in a glass i found .
5850PRP V N V N . <eoc> so you have to get the ipad down here and put the lights out there .
5851N V N . <eoc> and the light up the path through the rest of the book .
5852N V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> another idea that fascinated me as a child is that a whole galaxy can be stuck in a single marble .
5853, N V N V N . <eoc> and therefore , every book and every world is a little marble that i 'm going to put here in the magic device here .
5854V N . <eoc> and this opens up a map .
5855N V N , N V . <eoc> fantasy books always had maps , but these maps were static .
5856N V , PRP V N . <eoc> this map is growing , and it 's illuminating and also as a result in the rest of the book .
5857PRP V N . <eoc> she also shows other questions of the book .
5858N V . <eoc> i go in here .
5859PRP V PRP V N V . <eoc> it 's important for me to create something that indih is also very time-based .
5860V N . <eoc> this is the apsardinia .
5861PRP V N , N V PRP N , N . <eoc> we 've heard all of the suffering and nylon , but how many people outside india know their indian colleagues , the apsardinia ?
5862N V N , N . <eoc> the poor apsardinan was thousands of years in inrags in kolrad , in an old fuzzy book .
5863PRP V PRP , N . <eoc> and we bring them back , in a contemporary history for children .
5864PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a story associated with new issues like the environmental crisis .
5865N , N V N PRP N , PRP N , V . <eoc> for the subject of environmental crisis , a big problem of the last 10 years is that children sit in their rooms , on their computers , without getting out .
5866, N , PRP V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> but now , with mobile technology , we can take our kids into the natural world with their technology .
5867N , PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> in an interaction of the book , you 're sent to a search . you have to go out and get out with the camera of the ipads of natural objects .
5868N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> as a child , i had collections of storms , rocks , dagues .
5869PRP V N . <eoc> somehow they don 't do the kids anymore .
5870N V . PRP V N V N . <eoc> this childhood was coming back . you have to go out to make a picture of a flower and tag .
5871N , PRP V N . <eoc> in a different chapter , you have to have a piece of tree studios and tag .
5872PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> so you actually create a digital collection of photographs that you can put online .
5873N V N PRP V , N , N V N . N <eoc> a kid in london shows the picture of a fox and he says , " oh , i have seen a fox . "
5874N V , N V N . N <eoc> a child in india says , " today i saw an monkeys . "
5875PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> it creates a kind of social network around a digital collection of photographs that you actually did .
5876V N V N . <eoc> there 's a wide variety of ways of making the world and technology together .
5877N , PRP V N V N , V N V N . <eoc> in the next book , we 're planning a interaction where you use the video of the ipads , and through augmented reality shows a animation of elken in a plant in front of the house .
5878V N . <eoc> there 's a place on the screen on the screen .
5879PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you have to make the sound of the wind , you get away and read the rest of the bush .
5880PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> we 're all going to move to a world where the natural forces of technology are getting closer and in magic and technology can come back in the magic and technology .
5881PRP V N . <eoc> we use the energy of the sun .
5882PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , N PRP N V N . <eoc> we bring our kids , and we closer to the natural world and the magic , fun and the love of our childhood was through the simple medium of history .
5883N . <eoc> thanks .
5884V N PRP . <eoc> this is really an extraordinary honor for me .
5885V PRP N PRP N , N . <eoc> i spend most of my time with people in our study prison , prison and death cells .
5886V PRP N V N . <eoc> i spend most of my time with the most socially poor people in the social power of places where there 's a lot of hopelessness .
5887V , V , V , V PRP N . <eoc> here at ted , to see and listening , how stimulating this is , has given me a lot of power .
5888N , V N V N . <eoc> in the short time here , i got a clear : ted has an identity .
5889PRP V N V N . <eoc> you can say things that have impact on the world .
5890, N V , PRP V N V . <eoc> and sometimes , when something about ted , it gets a meaning and strength that otherwise would not have .
5891N V , V N V . <eoc> i say that , because i think identity is very important .
5892PRP V N . <eoc> we 've seen some amazing presentations .
5893N V PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> i believe that we 've learned that the words of a teacher will have meaning , but that 's the words of a dedicated teacher .
5894N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> as a doctor , you can do good , as a professional doctor you can do more .
5895V N . <eoc> and so i want to talk about the power of identity .
5896N V N PRP N . <eoc> i didn 't learn this by the way in my work as a lawyer .
5897N V PRP N . <eoc> i learned that from my grandmother .
5898N V N , N , V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> i became big in a family , a traditional african-american household , who was dominated by a matriarch of martians , and this matriarch was in my grandmother .
5899PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> she was a tache , strong woman , she had effect .
5900PRP V N . <eoc> she had the last word in every family argument .
5901PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it was also the origin of many differences in our family .
5902PRP V N . <eoc> she was the daughter of a slave family .
5903PRP N V N . <eoc> their parents were born in the 1840s in virginia as slaves .
5904PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> it was born in 1880 and the experience of slavery , it shaped the world of a lot of slavery .
5905PRP N V , PRP V . <eoc> my grandmother was strong , but she was also loving .
5906N V PRP N , PRP V PRP , V PRP . <eoc> when i met her as a little boy , she came up to me , and hushed me .
5907PRP V PRP V N V . PRP V PRP . <eoc> and she kept me so hard that i couldn 't breathe . then she left me .
5908N V PRP , PRP V PRP V , N , V PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> one or two hours later when i saw her , she came up to me and said , " bryon , do you feel my hug ? "
5909N V , PRP V PRP . N V , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> and when i said no , they asked me again . when i said yes , let me leave me .
5910PRP V N V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and she was something that was made that you wanted to be in your nearby .
5911N V PRP V N . <eoc> the only problem is that they had 10 children .
5912PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> my mother was the youngest of her 10 children .
5913N V N PRP , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> sometimes when i wanted to spend time with her , it was hard to get her attention .
5914PRP N V . <eoc> my cousins ran everywhere .
5915V , N V N V N , PRP N V . <eoc> i remember , i have to have eight or nine , that i woke up in the morning and i went to the living room all my cousins .
5916PRP N V N , V PRP . <eoc> my grandmother was sitting at the end of the room , staring at me .
5917N V N V N . <eoc> i thought that this was a game .
5918N V PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> i saw her and smiles , but she looked very serious .
5919V N . PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP N V , V , N . PRP V . V <eoc> that went to 15 or 20 minutes . then she stood up and came to me , and she took me to the hand and said , " come , bry. and i and we have to talk . "
5920V PRP V N . <eoc> i remember it was yesterday .
5921N V PRP . <eoc> i will never forget it .
5922PRP V PRP N V , N , V PRP , PRP V PRP V PRP . V <eoc> she took me out and said , " bryon , i 'm going to tell you something , but you have to promise you don 't tell you . "
5923N V , N , N . N <eoc> i said , " well , grandma . "
5924PRP V , N . N V , N . N <eoc> she said , " honor word ? " i said , " yes . "
5925PRP V PRP V PRP . PRP V , N V PRP V N V PRP . V <eoc> she sat down and she looked at me . she said , " i want you to know i 've been watching you . "
5926PRP V , N V PRP V . N <eoc> she said , " i think you 're special . "
5927PRP V , N V PRP V N PRP V . V <eoc> she said , " i think you can do anything you want to do . "
5928N V . <eoc> i will never forget that .
5929PRP V , N PRP V PRP N , N . N <eoc> then she said , " you just have to promise me three things , bry. "
5930N V , N , N . N <eoc> i said , " ok , grandmother . "
5931PRP V , N V PRP V PRP N V . N <eoc> she said , " first of all that i 'm going to do is that you 're going to love your mom . "
5932PRP V , N PRP N V PRP N , PRP V PRP V PRP . V <eoc> she said , " your mom is my baby , and you have to promise to you that you 're always going to take care of them . "
5933N V PRP N , N V , N , N , V . V <eoc> i adored my mother , so i said , " yes , grandmother , i 'll do that . "
5934PRP V , N V PRP V N , PRP V N . N <eoc> and then she said , " next to me that you 're always going to do the right thing , " but it 's hard to do the right thing . "
5935N V , N , N . N V PRP . V <eoc> i thought , " yes , grandmother . i promise it . "
5936PRP V , V N PRP V PRP , V PRP V N . N <eoc> and finally she said , " the last thing you have to promise to me is , " you 're never going to drink alcohol . "
5937, N V N , N V , N , N . N V PRP . V <eoc> well , i was nine years old , and i said , " yeah , grandmother . i promise it . "
5938N V N , N , N V N , V N . <eoc> i grew up in the country , in the old , rural south , and i have a brother who is older , and one year younger sister .
5939N V N , N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> when i was about 14 or 15 , one day came home to my brother and brought this sixpat beer with my sister and i got my sister and i went to the forest with us .
5940PRP V N PRP . <eoc> we just kind of spray the outside of it as well .
5941PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> then he took a drink of beer and offered my sister , and she took them , and then she offered me one .
5942N V , N , . PRP V . V N . N <eoc> i said , " no , no , no . it 's okay . i don 't want a beer . "
5943PRP N V , N . N PRP V , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> my brother said , " well do . now we do that , you 'll do everything we do .
5944N V PRP N V . V , N . N <eoc> i had what your sister had . go , drink a beer . "
5945N V , N V . V PRP . V PRP V . V <eoc> i said , " i don 't want . do you . do you just . "
5946PRP N V PRP . <eoc> my brother started dressing up with me .
5947PRP V , V PRP . N . N <eoc> he said , " what 's wrong with you ? now smell what . "
5948PRP V PRP N V , N , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> then he looked at me in the face and said , " oh no , you 're not still doing you crazy because of the entertainment ? "
5949N V , V PRP V . N <eoc> i said , " what are you talking about ? "
5950PRP V , N V N PRP V . N <eoc> he said , " grandma told everybody to do what they 're special . "
5951N V . <eoc> i was devastated .
5952N V PRP N . <eoc> i 'm going to give you something .
5953N V . <eoc> i should probably not do that .
5954V . <eoc> this is probably going to be public .
5955N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i 'm a 52 years old , and i 'm standing that i 've never had a drop of alcohol .
5956N V N V PRP V . N V N V . <eoc> i 'm not saying that because i think it 's tustsy . i say that because identity is doing .
5957PRP V N , PRP V N V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> if we create the right kind of identity , we can tell people to tell us things that they don 't believe .
5958PRP V PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> we can get them to do things that they thought they couldn 't .
5959N , PRP N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> of course , my grandmother would tell all of her grandchildren , they 're kind of special .
5960PRP N V N . <eoc> my grandfather was in prison during the preprison .
5961PRP N V N . <eoc> my uncle died of alcocurrconditions .
5962PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> and they believed that these were the topics we need to care about .
5963N V N PRP N . <eoc> i tried to say something about our justice system .
5964N V N . <eoc> this country is different than 40 years ago .
5965, N V N . <eoc> in 1972 , 300,000 people were locked in trembling and in prison .
5966N , PRP V . <eoc> today , it 's 2.3 million .
5967N V N . <eoc> the united states today have the highest incarceration rate of the world .
5968N V N , N . <eoc> seven million people are on currency , or unconditional privileged meeting .
5969N V N V PRP N . <eoc> i think the world is mostly changing our world .
5970N , N , N . <eoc> in social and black parts of the population , despair and hopelessness , because of these changes .
5971N V , N , N , N , N . <eoc> one of three male black between 18 and 30 is in prison , in prison , in prison , or with conditional privileged , meeting .
5972N , N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> in urban communities everywhere in the country -- from los angeles about philadelphia , baltimore to washington , -- there 's 50 to 60 percent of all black young men in prison , in prison , or with unconditional privileged .
5973PRP N V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> but our system is not just sculpted by asking people to do with platforms , and it 's also determined by poverty .
5974PRP V N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we have a criminal justice system that they treat much better if they 're rich and guilty of being poor and innocent .
5975N , N , V N . <eoc> assets , not release debt , caused the outcome .
5976, PRP V . <eoc> however , we seem to be totally content with that .
5977N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> a policy of fear and anger has convinced us that these problems are not our problems .
5978PRP V N . <eoc> we 've lost touch .
5979N V . <eoc> i think that 's interesting .
5980V N . <eoc> there are some very interesting developments .
5981PRP N , PRP V PRP N PRP V . <eoc> my home state in alabama , they recovered their electoral way when she 's convicted .
5982N , N V PRP N . <eoc> here and today in alabama , 34 percent of the male black population suddenly lost their vote .
5983PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> we predicted that in 10 years , the rate of the civic marriage rights is going to be as high as the introduction of election law .
5984N V . <eoc> the silence is earanesthetic .
5985V N . <eoc> i support children .
5986N PRP N V . <eoc> a lot of my client was very young .
5987N V N , N . <eoc> the united states of america are the only country in the world , the 30-10-year-old children in prison in prison .
5988N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in this country , we have to live in life with children without active incarceration .
5989PRP V N . <eoc> we 've already run a lot of procedures .
5990N . <eoc> the only country in the world .
5991N V N . <eoc> i create people in death cells .
5992N V N . <eoc> the question of the death penalty is an interesting question .
5993PRP V PRP V PRP V N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> we believe because we 've taught us that the real question is : has a human being worthy of him to die in crimes ?
5994PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a very sensitive question .
5995PRP V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but you can also think differently about what we see our identity .
5996N V N V N , V PRP V PRP . <eoc> the other way is not : has someone deserve a crime , but : did we deserve it to kill ?
5997N V . <eoc> i think that 's fascinating .
5998N V N . <eoc> the death penalty in america defined by error .
5999N PRP V , V PRP V N V N . <eoc> on nine people we 've been executed , comes out of one that we have for innocent finding that was being thrown out of death row .
6000N . N . <eoc> an amazing error rate . one of nine innocent .
6001N V . <eoc> i think that 's fascinating .
6002PRP V N V N , N , N . <eoc> we would never let someone fly with an airplane if for nine planes , the cut , one drop out .
6003, PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but somehow , we create it from this problem .
6004PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's not our problem .
6005PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's not our burden .
6006PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it 's not our fight .
6007N V N . <eoc> i 'm talking a lot about these questions .
6008N V N PRP V . <eoc> i 'm talking about race and the question that we 're right to kill .
6009PRP V N V PRP N . N V N . <eoc> and it 's exciting because i 'm sending my students ' history . i 'm talking about slavery .
6010N , N , N . <eoc> i talk about terrorism , time against the end of reengineering , until the beginning of the world war ii .
6011PRP V N . <eoc> we don 't really know a lot about that .
6012N , PRP V N . <eoc> but for the african-american in this country , it was a time of terror .
6013N , N V N . <eoc> in many areas , people had to be afraid of lynchmobs .
6014N . <eoc> or bombs .
6015PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> it was the fear of terror that shaped her life .
6016N V PRP V , N , N , PRP V , PRP V N PRP N , N . N <eoc> these older people come to me and say , " mr , voyson , you talk , you think about the story of our nation , " after 9 / 11 . "
6017PRP V , N PRP V N PRP V . V <eoc> they say , " no -- you say the people we grew up with this . "
6018N , N , N V N . <eoc> and after terrorism , of course , the raqalment came and decades of the racially-motivated behaviort and apartheid .
6019, PRP V PRP N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and yet , we have a dynamic in our country -- we don 't like to talk about our problems .
6020PRP V PRP N . <eoc> we don 't like to talk about our history .
6021V PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's why we don 't really understand what meaning we have in the historical context .
6022PRP V N . <eoc> we 're constantly chasing each other up .
6023PRP V N . <eoc> we 're always creating new tensions and conflicts .
6024PRP V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's hard to talk about race , and i think that 's because we 're not willing to approach the process of truth and reconciliation .
6025N , N V N V N V N . <eoc> in south africa , people understood that the raqalment is not to overcome without the willingness to truth and reconciliation .
6026N V N , PRP N . <eoc> even after the genocide in rwanda gave this willingness , but not in this our country .
6027N V N V N . <eoc> i 've been talking about a couple of talks coming in germany .
6028PRP V , N V PRP N V , N PRP V , PRP V PRP V . N <eoc> it was fascinating , because one of the scientists stood up to my talk and said , " you know , it 's deeply disturbing to hear you talk . "
6029PRP V , N , V N . <eoc> he said , " in germany , there 's no death penalty .
6030N , PRP V PRP N . N <eoc> and of course , it can never give them in germany . "
6031PRP V . N V , N PRP N V PRP V N . <eoc> it was completely silent . then a woman said , " with our story that we 've ever known for the systematic people of people .
6032PRP V N PRP , V N . N <eoc> it would be an example of us , consciously and reimagining people . "
6033N V . <eoc> i thought about that .
6034PRP V N V N V N , N V . <eoc> how it would feel like to live in a world where the german state of people have gone , especially if under the margin that many jews were .
6035PRP V . <eoc> it would be intolerable .
6036PRP V N . <eoc> it would be a fairy tale .
6037, N , N , PRP V N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> and yet , here in this country , in the united states of the old south , we 're going to go to people -- here 's the risk of being convicted of death , 11 times higher when the victim knows the body of the body -- the body of the body of other people in the earth .
6038, V N . <eoc> and yet , there 's this mental disconnect .
6039N V PRP N V . <eoc> i think our identity is threatened .
6040PRP V PRP , N , N V . <eoc> if we don 't deal with it , with these difficult issues , the positive and wonderful things are always affected .
6041PRP V N . <eoc> we love innovation .
6042PRP V N . <eoc> we love technology and creativity .
6043PRP V N . <eoc> we love entertainment .
6044, N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> but finally , these realities are discharged by sorrow , abuse , serscension , unlocks .
6045N V PRP V . <eoc> i think it seems important to combine both .
6046PRP V PRP V N , N , N , V N . <eoc> because we 're talking about that we need more hope , more engagement , more commitment , to be in a complex world .
6047PRP , V N V N , V N V . <eoc> for me , this means to bring time to think and talk about the poor , the disadvantaged that are never going to be at ted .
6048V N V PRP N . <eoc> but think about a way that is integrated in our own lives .
6049PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we all have to believe in the end things that we can 't see .
6050PRP V . PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> we do that . so rational we are , so we appreciate that 's illusion .
6051N , N , N V PRP N . <eoc> innovation , creativity , and development don 't just come from our minds .
6052PRP V N V N PRP N . <eoc> they come from ideas that are driven by the persuasion in our hearts .
6053PRP V N V PRP V PRP V N , N . <eoc> it 's this headrest of the heart that i believe that it 's driving us not just to be open for all the bright and exciting things , but also for the dark and problematic issues .
6054N , N V . <eoc> vamclavel , the great tblem politician has said once .
6055N PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , N , N , V N . N <eoc> " when we fought in eastern europe against the oppression , we wanted everything to be , but what we needed was hope to be a spiritual orientation , the willingness , sometimes in hopeless places , to be witness . "
6056N V N V N V PRP . <eoc> this spiritual orientation is the core of what i believe is also the ted communities have to engage in it .
6057V N V PRP V , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> there is no separation of technology and design that allows us to be completely human , as long as we don 't have eyes and ears , for poverty , spatial and injustice .
6058N V PRP . V N PRP V PRP V . <eoc> i want to warn you . this kind of identity makes a lot more of us than if we didn 't get warm .
6059PRP V PRP . <eoc> it will touch it deeply .
6060N , N V N V N . <eoc> as a young lawyer , i have the great privilege to meet pink parks .
6061N V N , PRP V PRP N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> and i came back to school , again after monfulgomery , where they took two of their oldest friends parks , johnnever carr , the white woman , and virginia durr , and virginia , and dr. king , dr. king .
6062N V , PRP V . <eoc> so these women came together , and they assumed .
6063N , N V PRP V , N , N V N . PRP V . <eoc> and by the way , and i called the wife carr and he said , " bryar , woman parks comes into the city . we want to speak .
6064PRP V . N <eoc> will you want to come and listen ? "
6065N V , N , . V <eoc> and i said , " yeah , good . "
6066PRP V , V PRP V PRP V . N <eoc> she said , " and what are you going to do when you 're here ? "
6067N V , N V . V <eoc> i said , " i 'm going to listen . "
6068V . <eoc> and i went over and just stopped .
6069PRP V , N . <eoc> it was always so inspiring , so wavy .
6070N V N , N V PRP N V PRP , V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> one day i sat there and listened to these women , and after a few hours turned to me to me , " well bryon , tell me what the initiative is right for the initiative .
6071V PRP V . N <eoc> what do you try to achieve ? "
6072N V PRP N . <eoc> i started with my usual talk .
6073N V , N PRP V N . <eoc> i said , " we 're trying to go to injustice .
6074N V N V . <eoc> wir people want to help people who were convicted .
6075PRP V N . <eoc> we want to fight bias and discrimination in the corrective system .
6076PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> we want to make lifelong judgments without active incarceration meeting for children .
6077PRP V N . <eoc> we want to do something against the death penalty system .
6078PRP V N . <eoc> we want to reduce the number of heaters .
6079PRP V N . N <eoc> we want to create mass incarcerations . "
6080N V PRP N , PRP V PRP V , N . N . N . N <eoc> i gave my usual talk , and then she looked at me and said , " hmm . mehmm . sorry . "
6081PRP V , V PRP V , . N <eoc> she said , " it 's going to be very , very tired . "
6082N V PRP , V N PRP N , PRP V , N , PRP V , N . N <eoc> and then he refused to carr in front of me , put a finger on my face and said , " and so , you have to be very , very , very shit . "
6083V N V N . <eoc> and that 's why i think the ted community should be brave .
6084PRP V N . PRP V N , N . <eoc> we need to form ways . we need to ask these challenges : these problems , that sorry .
6085PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> because ultimately our humanity depends on our human humanity .
6086PRP N , V N . <eoc> in my work , i learned very simple things .
6087N V N . <eoc> i learned a few very simple things .
6088PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we 're all more than the worst thing we 've ever done .
6089N V N . <eoc> i think that 's true for every human being on the planet .
6090N V , PRP V N . <eoc> if someone is lying , it 's not just a liar .
6091N V N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> if someone is something that doesn 't hear him , it 's not just a dieb .
6092V N V N . <eoc> even who kills someone is not just a murderer .
6093N , V N V N . <eoc> and because that 's like , there 's a basic human dignity that needs to be able to respect the law .
6094N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> i also believe that in many parts of this country , and with security in many parts of the earth , the opposite of poverty is not wealth .
6095V N V . <eoc> i don 't think that .
6096N V N V N . <eoc> i believe that in many places are the opposite of poverty justice .
6097, V PRP V , N PRP V PRP N , N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and finally , i believe that although it 's so dramatic and inspiring , and so inspires , we 're not going to be measured at the end of our technology that we don 't know about the things that we design and understood .
6098, N V PRP V PRP N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> finally , society is not measured about how they treated their rich and powerful and privileged , but how they deal with the poor , the judgment , the incarceration .
6099N , PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> because in this context , we start to understand the truly amazing things that make us mind .
6100V N . N . <eoc> sometimes i 'm losing balance . one story .
6101V . <eoc> sometimes i urge too much .
6102N V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm tired of how we all do .
6103PRP N V , N . <eoc> sometimes they have gone through these ideas ahead , in a very important way .
6104N V N V N . <eoc> i do these kids who were convicted in very severe sentenced .
6105N V N V N V N . <eoc> i go to the study prison and visit a typewriter to be 13 or 14 years old and should be in front of court .
6106V N V . <eoc> then i wonder : how could this happen ?
6107V N PRP V . <eoc> how can a judge someone in something that he 's not ?
6108N V PRP N , V N . <eoc> the judge looked at him as adults , but i see a child .
6109N , N V , PRP N , N V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> one night , i stayed too long on and thought , my god , if a judge can transform us into something else , he must have magic forces .
6110, N , N V N . <eoc> right , bryon , the judge has the rules .
6111PRP V PRP N . <eoc> you should tell you what wish .
6112PRP V , N V N , V N . <eoc> and because it was late , and i couldn 't think more right , i started working on a tutor .
6113N V N , N V . <eoc> i had a 14-year-old , poor black boy who was mandated .
6114N V N . N V , N , PRP N , N , N V N . N <eoc> and i started with this wrapping . the headline was said , " welcome , my poor , 14 year-old black mangors like a privileged , white , 75-year-old top manager . "
6115PRP N , N V N V N . <eoc> in my collaborator , i explained that misbehavior should be an antidote to the police and policy and policy .
6116V N V N V N . <eoc> there was a crazy line about that in this country there is nothing more to do that there is no more act .
6117N , N V N V N V PRP . <eoc> the next morning , i woke up and i didn 't know if i 'd just dreamed of this crazy or actually writing it .
6118N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> and i was not just written by it , but he was sent to the court .
6119N V , N V N . <eoc> a few months started , and i had just forgotten everything .
6120, N V , PRP N , N V N . <eoc> and finally , i decided , my god , i have to go to the dish and this crazy case .
6121N V N , V . <eoc> i walked into the car , and was really blown away .
6122V N . <eoc> so i went to the court .
6123V , . <eoc> and i thought that 's so hard , so painful .
6124, N V PRP N , V N . <eoc> finally , i walked out of my car , and i went to the court .
6125N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> when i was the stairs to the court , there was an elderly , black man , the janitors of the court .
6126PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP V , V PRP . V <eoc> when he saw me , he came to me and said , " who are you ? "
6127N V , N V N . N PRP V , N PRP V N . N V , N . N <eoc> i said , " i 'm a lawyer . " he said , " you 're a lawyer ? " i said , " yes . "
6128PRP V PRP . <eoc> he came to me and hugging me .
6129PRP V PRP N . <eoc> then he whispered to me in the ear .
6130PRP V , N V PRP . V <eoc> he said , " i 'm so proud of you . "
6131N V , V PRP . <eoc> and i have to say , there was power to me .
6132PRP V N PRP , N , N V N , N . <eoc> it touched something very deep in me , identity , the ability to support every single one community , to a community of hope .
6133, N V N . <eoc> now , i entered the preparation .
6134N V PRP . <eoc> and when the judge saw me .
6135PRP V , N , V PRP V N . N <eoc> he said , " mr. steentson , did you put this crazy person ? "
6136N V , N . N PRP V . <eoc> i said , " yes . " and then we started to debate .
6137N V , PRP V . <eoc> more people came in , just because they were angry .
6138N V N . <eoc> i had written these crazy things .
6139N V N . <eoc> police officers came in and deputy providers and office workers .
6140N , N V PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> in hand , the quest for people who were angry that we were talking about skin color , about poverty , about inequality .
6141PRP N , N V N . <eoc> from my eye angle , i saw the janitors and down .
6142PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> he was always watching through the window , and he could hear the whole whale bluff .
6143PRP V . <eoc> he went up and down .
6144, N V N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> finally , this older man was black man with a very angry face of facial expression in the courts and sat down in front of me , almost on the defense bank .
6145N , N V N . <eoc> ten minutes later , the judge announced a break .
6146N , N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> during the break , a police officer was in which he was stunned that the janitors was in the court .
6147N V N . <eoc> this deputy ran over to the older black black .
6148PRP V , N , V PRP V N . N <eoc> he said , " jimmy , what do you do in the buddhist room ? "
6149N V . PRP V N , PRP V PRP , PRP V , N V N , PRP V N . V N . <eoc> the older man stood up . he looked at the deputy , then he looked at me , and he said , " i 've come here to say this young man , don 't let me . don 't give up .
6150N V , N V PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> i came to ted , because i think many of you have understood that the moral pendulum is far as stiff , but that this is the justice wizard .
6151PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we 're not completely designed as humans , as long as we don 't care about human rights and values .
6152PRP N V N . <eoc> that our all survival has been connected to the survival of each individual .
6153PRP V PRP N , N , N , N . <eoc> we have to connect our visions of technology and design , from entertainment and creativity , with humanity , mercy and justice .
6154, N V PRP V , V PRP V N PRP N . V N . <eoc> and most of all , i want to get those of you who are just looking at this , just say , you don 't lose the goal from your eyes . don 't give up .
6155PRP V N , N V N V PRP V N . <eoc> you have seen in this audience , this community has seen an obvious wish and to help you and do something .
6156PRP V . <eoc> what can we do ?
6157N , V N . <eoc> bryat hursson : well , there are opportunities everywhere .
6158PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N V N . <eoc> if you live in california , it 's in this spring , there 's a humanitarian problem where it 's about to actually create a effort to lead something from the money that otherwise the politics of punishment is flowing .
6159, N , N , PRP V N , N . <eoc> here , in california , for example , you 're going to have a billion dollars in the next five years , a billion dollars .
6160, N V N . <eoc> and yet , 46 percent of all expenses don 't interfere with a disclaimer .
6161N V N . <eoc> fifty-percent of all rapes that don 't come before court .
6162V N V N . <eoc> here 's the chance to do something .
6163V N V N . <eoc> this is going to suggest that the money is going to invest in more security forces and security .
6164N V N . <eoc> i think there are opportunities everywhere .
6165N , N V N . <eoc> during the last three decades , the crime rates were down in america .
6166N V N . <eoc> this fact is often asked in a relationship with the elevated assets .
6167PRP V N V . <eoc> what would you say to someone who believes this ?
6168, N V N . <eoc> well , actually , the number of nonviolent crime has not changed very much .
6169N V N . <eoc> most of the mass incarceration in this country didn 't really find in the class of nonviolent crime .
6170PRP V N . <eoc> it was the misguided crusade with drugs .
6171N V N . <eoc> so the dramatic numbers come to the prison in prison .
6172PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> we 've dropped ourselves from the rhetoric of the punishment .
6173PRP V N V N V N , N , N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> now we have the three accuracy of rules that make people forever behind bars , for a bicycle theft , for the theft of good , rather than they force them to give birth to the sacrifice .
6174V PRP V N V N , . <eoc> i think we need to do more to help people who have become victims , not less .
6175V PRP N V N . <eoc> and i believe that our current presecurity policy doesn 't help anybody .
6176N V PRP V . <eoc> i think that 's what we need to change .
6177N , PRP V N V . <eoc> bryon , they really got a string here to vibrate .
6178PRP V N . <eoc> they 're an inspiring personality .
6179N PRP V . N PRP . <eoc> thank you for being at ted . thank you very much .
6180N V N V N . <eoc> i have an increased risk of risk with a tense risk .
6181N . N . <eoc> famine : famine in somalia . speakers : pepper spray of the police .
6182N V . N . <eoc> sixty-four : malignant cartels . speakers five : dangerous cruchships .
6183N . N . <eoc> six : social decline . speakers seven deaths .
6184N . N V N . <eoc> teen : tsunami . speakers : cyber attacks are cyber-attacks .
6185N . N . N . <eoc> different speakers : drugs war . tornado . tornado .
6186N . N . N . N . N . <eoc> recession . gridlock . french day . egypt . syria .
6187N . N . N . <eoc> crisis . death . disaster .
6188PRP N . <eoc> oh my god .
6189V N V N PRP V N . N . <eoc> so this is just a few of the clips that i collected over the last six months -- it could have been the last six days . or the last six years .
6190N V N V PRP N , PRP N V N . <eoc> the fact is that the media would prefer to show us negative topics , because our minds are just paying attention to these issues .
6191V N . <eoc> and there is a very good reason for this .
6192N , PRP N V N PRP N . <eoc> every second of every day , our senses are much more information than our brain ever .
6193PRP V PRP N , N V N PRP N , N . <eoc> and because we 're not more important than our survival , the first line for all the information is a part of our temporal lobe , the amygala .
6194N V PRP N , PRP N . <eoc> the amyangdla is our early warning system , our risk director .
6195PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it sored and extracts all the information on the search for any kind of consideration in our environment .
6196PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so if we see the news , we prefer to look for negative news .
6197N V , PRP V , N V . <eoc> and the old adage is , if it gets bloody , the demand is very true .
6198, PRP N , V PRP N , V N , PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> well , with all our digital devices , seven days that week us , 24 hours a day to put all these negative messages , it 's not a miracle that we are pessimistic .
6199PRP V N V PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not a miracle that everybody thinks it 's always worse in the world .
6200V N . <eoc> but perhaps this is not the case .
6201V N . <eoc> maybe that 's the reality .
6202PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V PRP N V N . <eoc> maybe it 's accelerating the vast progress that we 've done in the last century through a series of forces , so strong that it will be possible for us in the next three decades to create a world of excess .
6203, V PRP V N V N , N , N PRP V . <eoc> now , i 'm not saying that we don 't have a big problem -- climate crisis , species die , water and energy problems -- we have already .
6204N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> and as humans , we 're much better at looking at problems in very long ways , but they finally get past .
6205V N V PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> let 's see what we 've done in the last century , so we can have predicted development .
6206N , N V N V . <eoc> in the last hundred years , average life expectancy has more than doubled that inflation in the average income of the population has tripled .
6207N V N . <eoc> child mortality has reduced to a tenth .
6208V N V N V N . <eoc> this is that the food supply -- the food supply -- transportation cost -- and communication costs to have a lot of communication .
6209N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> steve pinker , we showed that we 're currently living in a very peaceful time of human history .
6210V N V N . <eoc> and according to charles kenny is the literacy rate in the past 130 years from 25 percent to 80 percent .
6211PRP V N . <eoc> we live in a really extraordinary time .
6212N V . <eoc> and many people forget this .
6213PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and we increase our expectations continue .
6214N , PRP V N . <eoc> in fact , we redefined poverty .
6215V N V N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> consider that a large fraction of americans who live under the poverty line , access to electricity , water , toilets , refrigerators , televisions , mobile phones , climate services , and cars .
6216N , N , V N . <eoc> the richest capitalism of the last century , the vaccination of the earth , have never dreamed of luxury goods .
6217N V N , PRP V . <eoc> the basis for a lot of these forms technologies , and they grow very effective .
6218PRP N V PRP V N V N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> my good friend ray kurzweil has shown us that every tool that 's going to provide an information technology , on the curve of moore 's law , and the price performance is doubling every 12 to 24 months .
6219V N PRP N V N , V N . <eoc> that 's why the mobile phone in your pocket is about a million times less , and is 1,000 times faster than a supercomputer from the ' 70s .
6220V N . <eoc> now look at this curve .
6221V N . <eoc> this is moore 's law last hundred years .
6222N . <eoc> notice two things on this curve .
6223, V PRP V N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> first , how smooth it is -- in good times in bad times , war or peace , recession , depression , high-balance .
6224V N V N . <eoc> this is the result of faster computers to build faster computers .
6225PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> it 's slowed down for none of our big problems .
6226, PRP N , PRP N V N . <eoc> and also , despite their logarithmic hand , despite their logarithmic on the left is to climb up .
6227N PRP V . <eoc> so the growth rate itself is accelerating .
6228N , N , PRP V N V . <eoc> and on this curve , on the back of moore 's law , we find a series of extraordinary technologies that are available .
6229, N V PRP N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N , N . <eoc> " cloud-computing , " something that my friends in autodesk " is called sensors and networks , synthetic biology , the small drugs , vaccination , food , digital medicine , nano-materials , artificial intelligence , and food , for , digital medicine , nano-intelligence .
6230PRP V N V N . <eoc> how many of you have the victory of ibm supercomputer watson in risk for risk ?
6231PRP V . <eoc> it was great .
6232N V N V N V . <eoc> i 've been looking through the newspapers and looking for the best headlines that i could find .
6233N V N V N . N <eoc> i love this : " watson forces human enemy . "
6234V N . <eoc> risk is not a simple game .
6235PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about understanding the nuances of language .
6236N V N V N . <eoc> imagine that these artificial intelligence has a cell phone intelligence has led to each charge of a mobile phone .
6237N , N V N V N . <eoc> four years ago , ray kurzweil and i here at ted a new university called singularity university .
6238PRP V PRP N , N V N . <eoc> we bring our students all these technologies , especially focus on how these are used to solve the great challenges of humanity .
6239N PRP V N , N , N V N . <eoc> and every year we ask the students , businesses , products and services that can be able to live within a decade positive in the world of billions of people .
6240V N V N . <eoc> think about that a group of students can influence the lives of billions of people today .
6241N , PRP V . <eoc> 30 years ago , it would have been ridiculed .
6242N , PRP V N V . <eoc> today , we can put dozens of companies that have done this exactly this .
6243N V N , V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> when i think that abundance , i don 't mean a life full of luxury for everyone on this planet ; it 's about creating a life full of possibilities .
6244PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about creating scarce goods .
6245N V N , N V N . <eoc> scarcity is the subject , and technology is a resource extraction .
6246V N . <eoc> here 's an example .
6247V N . <eoc> this is the story of naui iii in the middle of the 18th century .
6248PRP V N . <eoc> he 's the guy on the left .
6249PRP V N . <eoc> he invited the king of silon to dinner .
6250N V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> nadirlear soldiers got silver brick , nabileon , they got gold-bribing .
6251N V N . <eoc> but the king of asian bedgot the aluminum beard .
6252N V N , N . <eoc> aluminum was at this time the most valuable metal on the planet , more valuable than gold and platinum .
6253V N V N . <eoc> this is the reason why the dome of the washington monument was made of aluminum .
6254N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> even though aluminum has an 8.3 percent of the planet , it 's not going to be a solid metal .
6255PRP V N . <eoc> it 's connected by oxygen and silic.
6256N V N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but then the technology of the electrolysia developed and made a production of production so cheap that we use it with our throwaway mentality .
6257V N V N . <eoc> and then let 's put this analogy to the future .
6258PRP V N . <eoc> we 're thinking about energy scarcity .
6259N , PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> ladies and gentlemen , we live on a planet at the age of zero times more energy than we consume a year .
6260N V N . <eoc> 16 teratwatts of energy praote have all eight minutes on the earth 's surface .
6261PRP V N , N V . <eoc> it 's not about scarcity , the problem is accessible .
6262V N . <eoc> and there 's good news .
6263N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in this year , you 've been able to reduce the cost of solar power in india to 50 percent of the diesel stream -- 88 rupees compared to 17 rupees .
6264N V N . <eoc> the cost of solar power fell in 50 percent in the last year .
6265N V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> last month that has been published with a study that shows that to the end of this decade in the sunny areas of the sun , six cents per chin , compared to 15 cents to the national average .
6266PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and if we have an energy overload , we will also have water in excess .
6267V N V N . <eoc> let 's talk about water wars .
6268V , N V N , PRP V N , V N . <eoc> remember , when carl sagan has the head-to-the-line room vehicle in 1990 , when it was moved on saturn , back to earth ?
6269PRP V N . V PRP V . <eoc> he took a famous photo . how did it mean ?
6270N . N <eoc> " a pale blue . "
6271PRP V N . <eoc> because we live on a water planet .
6272PRP V N V N . <eoc> we live on a planet that is covered by 70 percent of water .
6273, PRP V N , N V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> yes , it 's 97.5 percent saltwater , two percent are shatched , and we 're fighting around 0.5 percent of the water on the planet , but it 's still hope .
6274V N , N , . <eoc> and there are new technologies , not in 10 or 20 years , but now .
6275PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> it 's new nano administrators that way , nano-materials .
6276N , N V PRP N , V PRP N PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> and from a conversation today with dean kaone , one of the innovators in the robot it -- i 'd like to share with you -- he gave me the person -- the size of a refrigerator , and it 's the size of a refrigerator on the student home .
6277PRP V N V N , N , N , N . <eoc> it can generate a thousand gallons of clean drinking water per day -- whether saltwater , polluted water , latrine , and all that for less than two cents a gallon .
6278N V N V N . <eoc> the first of coca-cola comes out of coca-cola in a great test project to start with a hundred units in the developing world .
6279N V , N V , N V N . <eoc> and when everything goes well , and i 'm very confident , then coca-cola is going to apply this technology global in 206 countries around the planet .
6280V N V PRP N . <eoc> this is technology supported innovation that gives us today .
6281PRP V N . <eoc> and we 've also seen this in mobile phones .
6282PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> you mean , we 're going to reach the 70 percent reduction of mobile phones in developing countries to the end of 2013 .
6283V N V N , N V N . <eoc> just remember that a massage warrior with a mobile phone soldier with a mobile phone in the middle of kenya , a better mobile communication as president reagan has a better mobile institution than president reagan .
6284PRP V PRP N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and if you look at google with your smartphone , you have more access to knowledge and information as president clinton 15 years ago .
6285PRP V N V N , N V . <eoc> they live in a world that information and communication has abundance , as no one can ever predict .
6286PRP V , N PRP V N , N , N , N PRP N . <eoc> and it gets better , the things for which you and i spent a thousand dollars -- gps , hd video and photograph , libraries of books and music , literally , and cheaper , and cheaper in your cell phone .
6287N V PRP V N . <eoc> and the best part of this is perhaps what we expect in health .
6288N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> i had the pleasure in the last month , with the excruciating foundation of what 's called " $ 10 million pave of gdp for the x prize .
6289PRP V N V N PRP V N PRP V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> we challenge teams around the world to connect all of these technologies together in a cell phone that you can talk to the device because it 's been equipped with ai , you can test the inferences or your blood values .
6290V , N V N . <eoc> and to win , the device has to be more diagnosed with a better than a team of senior doctors .
6291N V N , N , N . <eoc> imagine that device in the middle of a developing country , where there are no doctors , but 25 percent of the disease burden and 1.3 percent of the treatment of health care .
6292N V N , V N , V N PRP N . <eoc> if this device sequenced a pure and dna virus , which is not known , that 's the ministry of health and prevents a pandemic in front of your outbreak .
6293N V PRP N . <eoc> but now the biggest force that will lead us to a world of excess .
6294N V PRP V N . N <eoc> i call them " the coming billion . "
6295N V N . <eoc> the white lines are for population .
6296PRP V N . <eoc> we 've just passed the 7-billion-dollar governance tag .
6297N , N V N . <eoc> and just by the way , the largest disconnect against a population explosion is a better education and food in the world .
6298, PRP V N . <eoc> in 2010 , we had just connected to two billion people online .
6299, PRP V N . <eoc> by 2020 , we 're moving forward from two to five billion internet users .
6300N PRP V , N V . <eoc> three billion new minds we 've never heard before , the global communication will join .
6301V N V . <eoc> what do these people need ?
6302V PRP V . V PRP V . <eoc> what are you going to consume ? what are you going to do ?
6303N , N V N . <eoc> and instead of economic gridlock , i see one of the largest economic practitioners of history .
6304N V N V N . <eoc> these people represent several trillion dollars that are going to flow in the global economy .
6305PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> and they 're going to be healthier by the use of the team , and they 're trained by the khangoo academy , and so much more productive than they 've ever had the opportunity to use 3d printers and " infinized computing .
6306V N , N , V N . <eoc> so what can be three billion growing , healthy , educated , productive members of the human community ?
6307PRP V N , V N . <eoc> it would be a set of new , never before deaf voices .
6308PRP V N PRP V N V N , N , N . <eoc> how would it be the oppressed wherever they are to give a voice to make attention , and change , for the first time ?
6309V N V . <eoc> what are these three billion people going to bring ?
6310N PRP V N . <eoc> how about cuttings we can 't even predict the way ?
6311N V N V N V N V N , N , N V N . <eoc> one of the things i learned by the x prize is that little teams that are motivated by passion and focus , extraordinary things can create , things that have big companies and governments in the past .
6312N V N V PRP . <eoc> i want to conclude with a story that really excites me .
6313V N V . <eoc> there 's a program that some may know about .
6314PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a game that is following .
6315PRP V N . <eoc> it was developed at the university of washington in seattle .
6316PRP V N V N V N V . <eoc> and it 's a game where people can take a sequence of amino acids to explore how the protein is going to evolve .
6317PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> as far as its behavior , we can predict the structure and function .
6318V N . <eoc> and this is very important in medical research .
6319, V N . <eoc> now , this was a problem for supercomputers .
6320N V N , . <eoc> and this game was played by university professors , etc .
6321V N V N . <eoc> and there are hundreds of thousands of people who played the game online .
6322PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and it showed that nowadays , the human pattern recognition is better than the best supercomputer .
6323N V N V N , V N V N , N V N . <eoc> and when these people came and look at who is the best protic-recorded world , this was not an mit professor , not a mass student in a rehab clinic and worked at night the best prototype of the world was in a rehab clinic .
6324N , V PRP N , V N PRP V N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> ladies and gentlemen , what enormous trust in our future is , is the fact that we have more power than individuals to put us the great challenges of our planet .
6325PRP V N . <eoc> we have access to the exponential technology .
6326PRP V N . <eoc> we have the passion of a diabetic innovator .
6327PRP V N . <eoc> we have the capital of techno-philanthropies .
6328PRP V N PRP V N V N , V PRP V . <eoc> and we have three billion new minds that we can work online to master the new challenges , and to do what we need .
6329PRP V N . <eoc> we 're expecting some extraordinary decades .
6330N PRP . <eoc> thank you .
6331N V PRP V N . <eoc> i think we need to have a different role of medical culture of medical culture .
6332V PRP V N , V . <eoc> and i think it starts with a medical doctor , and i am .
6333V N V N V PRP N V . <eoc> and maybe i 've been a long enough in business when i can allow me to give a piece of my own false readers to allow this to happen .
6334V N PRP N , V N V N . <eoc> but before i come to the actual theme of my talk , let 's start with a little bit of baseball .
6335N , . <eoc> hey , why not ?
6336PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> we are the sawamy close and move us to the world cup .
6337PRP V N , . <eoc> we all love baseball , right ?
6338N , N V N . <eoc> in baseball , full statistics is full statistics .
6339V N PRP . <eoc> and there are hundreds of them .
6340N V N V N . <eoc> " moneyball " appears soon and turn around statistics and to use this to use a great baseball team .
6341N V N V PRP V . <eoc> i 'm going to talk about a statistic that i hope most of you have heard .
6342PRP V N . <eoc> it 's the average performance of the sleegers .
6343PRP V N V . <eoc> we 're talking about a 300 when a bat is 300 .
6344V N V N . <eoc> that means that the player 's going to cover sure three of 10 beats .
6345V N , PRP V , PRP V , N V N , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> that 's called the ball into the field , he comes up , he won 't get caught , and who tries to throw the ball , it didn 't go on time , and the tail was in safety .
6346. <eoc> three out of 10 .
6347V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> do you know how you call a 300cent matmr chapel baseball ?
6348, N . <eoc> well , really good , maybe a live star .
6349V PRP V N . <eoc> do you know how to call a 400th thing ?
6350V N V N . <eoc> this is somebody who 's getting 10 out of the rest of the rest .
6351N V N . <eoc> legendary -- like ted williams legendary -- the last majose lease player who met a regular season of a regular season .
6352V PRP V PRP N V N , N V PRP . <eoc> let us switch back to my world of medicine where i feel about some kind of fun , or maybe a little less likely to be told to you about that .
6353PRP V N V N , PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> so if you have a blind birthday leap and you 're going to have an opera , the average achievement , 400 in terms of blind people 's attention .
6354PRP V N , . <eoc> it doesn 't work that , right ?
6355PRP V N , PRP V N V N , PRP N V N PRP N V . <eoc> so if you 're living in a certain remote area , and you have a loved one who 's a beloved heart , and your house represents a cardiologist whose average achievement of its average performance is 200 .
6356, PRP V . <eoc> but , but you know what ?
6357PRP V N . PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a lot better year . it 's on the rising branch .
6358PRP V N . <eoc> and it 's a 257 .
6359PRP V N . <eoc> it doesn 't work .
6360V PRP N . <eoc> but i 'm going to ask you a question .
6361V PRP V N V N . <eoc> what do you think the average performance for a cardiologist or a nurse or an orthopedic worker should be a bailout ?
6362, . <eoc> 1,000 , very good .
6363N V N V N . <eoc> the truth is that no one in all medicine knows what a good surgeon or a doctor or a bailout .
6364PRP V PRP V PRP , V N V . <eoc> what we do is that we are suffering from them , including the world to be perfect .
6365V N , N V N V . <eoc> never make a mistake , no one 's going to think about the details of how this should be done .
6366V N V N . <eoc> and that 's the message that i put in the medical college .
6367N V N . <eoc> i was an compulobseobsessional student .
6368N , N V N V N . <eoc> in high school , a student said that brian goldman was learning to a blood test .
6369V PRP V . <eoc> and that 's how it was .
6370N V PRP N , N , N . <eoc> and i learned in my little green roof , in the sisters in the west general hospital , unfar from here .
6371N V N . <eoc> i learned everything .
6372PRP N , N V N , N , V N , N . <eoc> in my anatomists , i learned the origins and tail every muscle , every branch of every artery , which leads from the aortic , breeding and ordinary differential diagnoses .
6373N V N . <eoc> i knew even knew the calculus diagnostics for rendous tubulastic azenic .
6374N V N . <eoc> and the time i collected more and more knowledge .
6375N V , V N . <eoc> and i was good , i graduated with cfo .
6376N V N V N V N , N , N , N V N . <eoc> and i left the medical school with the impression that i knew if i knew everything and everything knew , or at least as much as possible , as close as possible , as long as possible , that i 'm a immune response mistakes .
6377PRP V N , N V N . <eoc> and it worked for a while , until i met ms. a printer .
6378N V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> i was in a medical school hospital here in toronto , as a woman who was brought to me in the emergency department of the hospital .
6379N , N V N . <eoc> at that point , i was assigned to the cardiological layer in cardiological service .
6380PRP V PRP N V N V N . <eoc> and it was my mission when the emergency field of acute surgery was looking for the emergency patient .
6381V PRP N . <eoc> and feedback to my prime doctor .
6382N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> i studied a printer , and she was in respiratory distress .
6383N V PRP , PRP V N . <eoc> and when i listened to her , she made ruped sounds .
6384N V PRP N , N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> and when i listened to her chest , i could hear a broken sound on both sides , which told me that she suffered from a constant heart failure .
6385V N V N , V N , V N , N . <eoc> this is a state in which the heart fails instead of pumping the entire blood , a part of the blood flow in the lung , and filled these gradually , so that 's crank .
6386V N V . <eoc> and that was not a hard way to identify .
6387N V PRP , V PRP N . <eoc> i asked her , and i made myself a treatment .
6388N V PRP N . N V PRP N V N . <eoc> i gave her luppers . i gave her medicine to take the pressure from the heart .
6389N V PRP N PRP V N , N , PRP V N . <eoc> i gave her medicine we call dietary computers , water farms , so they made the liquid .
6390N , PRP V . <eoc> and over a year and a half to two hours , they started feeling better .
6391N V . <eoc> i felt really good .
6392V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> and i made my first mistake ; i sent them home .
6393N V N . <eoc> i actually did two mistakes .
6394N V PRP N PRP N . <eoc> i sent them home without speaking with my head .
6395N V N V N V N PRP N V PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> i didn 't take the receiver and do what i should have had a call in my head to say to him so that he had a chance to make a own picture .
6396PRP V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> and he knew it would have been able to contribute extra information to her .
6397N V PRP N . <eoc> maybe i did it with good reason .
6398V N V N . <eoc> maybe i didn 't want to be the aid for the help .
6399V N V PRP N V , V N V PRP N . <eoc> maybe i wanted to succeed so successful and so able to take his responsibility that i was like this , and so i would be able to worry about my patients without having to contact with the people .
6400PRP N V . <eoc> my second mistake was worse .
6401V PRP N , N V N V PRP , V N , N . V N . N <eoc> so i sent it home , i missed a silent voice to me , trying to say " goldman sachs , no good idea . don 't . "
6402N , PRP V PRP N V N , V PRP V PRP N PRP V N . N <eoc> in fact , it was so much about self-safety that i asked the nurse that was my wife 's printer , " do you think it 's okay if you go home ? "
6403N V PRP V N , N , V PRP V . V <eoc> and the nurse thought about it and said in fact , " yeah , i think it will go well . "
6404V PRP V N . <eoc> i remember it was yesterday .
6405V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> so i underdrew the cleaning up and a hospital truck and bailout and brought them home .
6406V N . <eoc> and i went back to work .
6407N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> the rest of day , night i had this kind of pure sensation in my stomach .
6408N V . <eoc> but i was working on .
6409N , N V PRP N , V N V N V N V N V . <eoc> and at the end of the day , i packed my things , leaving the hospital and went to the parking lot to drive home when i did something that i didn 't do .
6410V N PRP N . <eoc> i went through the emergency department of my way home .
6411V N V N , N V N , N V N V . <eoc> and there was another nurse said , not the sister who had seen this after woman , but another three words and the three words that are afraid of the most accurate doctors i know .
6412N V , N V , PRP V N . <eoc> other doctors fear this as well , but the emergency medicine is very special , because we 're just looking at the patient .
6413N V , V PRP V . <eoc> the three words loud : remember , do you remember ?
6414N V PRP V N V PRP N . N <eoc> " remember the patients that they sent home to my home ? "
6415N V . <eoc> the nurse asked the nurse .
6416N PRP V , N PRP V N . <eoc> " so she 's back , " she said in this particular audio .
6417PRP V . <eoc> so she was back .
6418PRP V . <eoc> she was back and die .
6419N PRP V N V PRP N , PRP V N V N , V N . <eoc> about one hour after she arrived at home after i sent her home , she collapsed and the family called 911 to the bailout , and that 's a dangerous state .
6420PRP V N . <eoc> she hardly breathing and was blue fishing .
6421N V N . <eoc> and the emergency workers did all of the strands .
6422PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they gave their blood pressure expands .
6423PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they put them on the beatmachine .
6424N V N . <eoc> i was shocked by the insides .
6425N V N , PRP V N , V PRP V . <eoc> and i was working on this rollercoaster , because she came to the diet-care system , and i hoped that she was going to recover .
6426, N , PRP V . <eoc> and after two , three days , clearly she would never awakening .
6427PRP V N V N . <eoc> she didn 't have a verbal brain damage .
6428PRP N V . <eoc> their family started pouring out .
6429N , PRP V . <eoc> and over the course of the next eight or nine days , they were going to come out .
6430N , PRP V PRP N , N , N . <eoc> on the new day , they would go them -- a woman printer , a woman , a mother and grandmother .
6431PRP V PRP V N V . <eoc> you say you never forget the names of people die .
6432V N V PRP . <eoc> and that was the first time i learned it .
6433N V N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP V N PRP . <eoc> the next few weeks i made myself and i learned the first time the unpershame that have existed in our medical culture -- i felt alone in my own way -- not the kind of healthy shame that can 't be able to talk to them .
6434PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> you know all the healthy shame , if you give a secret of the best friend prize , although that one is in a deep argument and you get caught up and the best friend , and you swear that you never make a mistake again .
6435PRP V , PRP V N . <eoc> if you do reapply , and it never makes a mistake again .
6436V N . <eoc> this is the kind of educational shame .
6437N V N V N . <eoc> the unhealthy way that i 'm talking about is the one that makes one in the most ill .
6438PRP V N V PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> it 's the one who says that it 's not what you 've done is bad , but it 's bad .
6439V N V . <eoc> and that 's what i felt .
6440PRP V N PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> and it wasn 't the reason of my harvard doctor , he was very happy .
6441PRP V N , N V PRP V N V N V . <eoc> he talked to the family , and i 'm sure he was the wicked glass and sure that i didn 't have to contract .
6442N V N . <eoc> but i moved to these questions .
6443V N . V PRP V PRP N . <eoc> why did i not ask the master 's question ? why did we send them home ?
6444PRP N , V N . <eoc> and then in my worst moments , how could i make such a dumb mistake ?
6445V N . <eoc> why did i go to medicine ?
6446PRP V . <eoc> but slowly it was safe .
6447N V . <eoc> i started feeling better .
6448N , N V N , N V , N V PRP . <eoc> and then on a big date , there was a hole in the clouds and the sun , and i said , maybe i can feel better for me .
6449N V PRP N V PRP N , V N V . <eoc> and i was talking to me that if i doubled my efforts to perfection , and never kept a mistake that the voice could be submerged .
6450PRP V PRP . <eoc> and she did it .
6451N V . <eoc> and i was working on .
6452PRP V . <eoc> and then it happened again .
6453N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> two years later , i had service in the emergency station in a community hospital north of toronto , and i tested a 25 years old man with the lagle rag .
6454PRP V , N . <eoc> it was a lot , and i in iron .
6455PRP V . <eoc> he always showed up here .
6456N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> i looked into the rags , and it was a little pink .
6457N V PRP N V PRP . <eoc> and i gave him a contest for penicillin and sent him off .
6458PRP V N , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and even when he went out of the door , he showed up his rag .
6459N , N V PRP N , PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> two days later , i came to my next emergency service , and my cheezema asked me to be a conversation in her office .
6460PRP V N V PRP . <eoc> and she said the three words : remember you ?
6461N V PRP V N . N <eoc> " do you remember the patient with the fab ? "
6462PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> it turns out he was a chtocockary infection .
6463PRP V N V N . <eoc> he had a potential of life dangerous disease called epic .
6464PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> you can google , but it 's not an infection of the radar , but it 's the top breath and causes the inhaling of the breathing .
6465, PRP V . <eoc> and fortunately , he died not .
6466PRP V N V N . <eoc> he got intraced anti-botica and recovered a few days later .
6467N V N , N , V PRP V N V PRP V . <eoc> and i went back to the same torment of shame and self-doubt , felt like , and i went out and he went back to work until it was again and again and again .
6468N , N V N . <eoc> in an emergency layer , i have missed two moments of fame .
6469V N , PRP V PRP V N V N . <eoc> there 's a lot of this , especially if you think that you 're working in a hospital that had only 14 patients per night .
6470N , N V PRP N , V N PRP N . <eoc> in both cases , i didn 't send them home , and there would be no disabled ones in their treatment .
6471N , V PRP V N . <eoc> in one thought , i thought he had kidney rocks .
6472N V N . N V N , PRP N V N V N . <eoc> i was going to put the x-ray of the kidney . when this was without any evidence , my colleague at the patient 's recordination of the patients in the lower right sector and called the operaexpensive sectors .
6473V N . <eoc> the other had strong diarrhea .
6474N V PRP N V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> i was flying around him to rehab and asked my colleagues to evaluate him as well .
6475PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> and he did , and when he turned out on the right floor , he called the operaser .
6476N , PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> in both cases , it was operating , and it was fine with them .
6477N V PRP , V PRP . <eoc> both cases were on me , asking me .
6478N V PRP V PRP N V N , V PRP N V , N . <eoc> and i would be happy to tell you that my worst mistake only happened in the first five years , what many of my colleagues say , but is a complete nonsense .
6479PRP N V N . <eoc> some of my guys happened in the last five years .
6480, N . <eoc> by alone , shame and without support .
6481V N V PRP N PRP V , V N V , V PRP N . <eoc> here 's the problem : if i don 't finish with my mistakes and talk about you , if i 'm the silent voice that tells me what really happened , how can i share this with my colleagues ?
6482V PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> how can i teach them my mistakes , so they don 't make the same thing ?
6483N V N , V N V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> if i was going to have a room -- like now , i don 't know what you think about me .
6484V PRP V N V N . <eoc> when did you hear the last time of someone who talked about failure covers ?
6485, PRP V N , PRP V N , PRP V N PRP N . <eoc> oh yes , you go to a cocktail party , and you may hear about any other doctor , but you 're not going to hear someone about your own mistakes .
6486N V N V PRP N PRP V N V N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> if i had to have a room with colleagues with colleagues and ask their immediate support and tell them to tell you what i 'd just told you about , i would have to change the subject and forget the rest .
6487N V PRP N V N PRP N V N , PRP V PRP N V PRP N . <eoc> and in fact when i knew my colleagues know that an orthopedic in my hospital would have taken the wrong leg , then they believe me i had trouble looking at his eyes .
6488V N PRP V . <eoc> that 's the system that we live in .
6489PRP V N . <eoc> it 's totally denial of mistakes .
6490PRP V N V N V N V N V N V N . <eoc> it 's a system where there are two basic positions -- those who make mistakes and those who don 't do -- the ones that have the sleep deprivation and that without the limitation that has bad outcomes .
6491PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's almost an ideological response as antibodies to attack people .
6492V N PRP V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and there 's the idea that if we are the ones that make mistakes out of medicine that we have a safe system .
6493V N . <eoc> but there are two problems with this .
6494PRP N , N V N V N , N , V . <eoc> in my roughly 20 years of medical science and journalism , i 've created a personal medical study about medical error and wrong treatments for all of my first article that i was writing about studying , black type , black style .
6495N V N V . <eoc> and what i learned is that errors are absolutely essential .
6496PRP V N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> we work in a system in which every day of errors in which one of 10 drugs are either a false or wrong , in the hospital infections and are always plentiful and getting more and more plentiful or dead .
6497N , N V N . <eoc> in this state , about 24,000 canadians errors are dying of all kinds of errors .
6498N , N V N . <eoc> in the united states , the institute of medicine is a number of 100,000 .
6499V N PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> both have strong subtraction because we don 't look at the problem of how we should do it .
6500V N . <eoc> and this is the cwarming .
6501N , PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> in a medical system in medical knowledge , you 've doubled every two to three years , we can 't keep up .
6502N V . <eoc> sleep deprivation is ubiquitous .
6503PRP V PRP . <eoc> we can 't get rid of it .
6504PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> we own a cognitive mistake , so that we can take a perfect pathogen for a patient with breast pain .
6505V N , V PRP V , V N , N V N . <eoc> then i take the same patient with chest pain , make it tick and poke up , and give a slight respized breath , and suddenly the story is fixated with contempt .
6506N V N . <eoc> i don 't take the same thing .
6507N V N V N . <eoc> i 'm not a robot ; i don 't always do things .
6508PRP N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and my patients are not cars ; they don 't always tell me their symptoms in the same way .
6509V , PRP V . <eoc> all these are biased , they 're unavoidable .
6510PRP V N , N V PRP , N V N , N V . <eoc> so if you take the system , like i was taught it , and all the fault-related health care experts , then the end is not left .
6511PRP V N V PRP N . <eoc> and you know the suffering of people who don 't want to talk about their worst cases ?
6512PRP N , N , N V N , V PRP N , N , N , N , V PRP N . <eoc> in my show , white , black , " i have the habit of saying , " this is my worst mistake , " i would show up with the microphone , " and then , " and then , i 'll show you with the microphone .
6513PRP N V PRP N , PRP V , PRP V PRP N . <eoc> and then your pups will extend your head , you look down , and you 're hard to tell your stories .
6514PRP V PRP N . PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they want to tell their stories . they want to share their stories .
6515PRP V , N , V N V . V <eoc> they want to be able to say , " look , don 't the same mistakes i invented . "
6516PRP V N PRP V PRP . <eoc> what you need is an environment that you put it in .
6517PRP V N . <eoc> what you need is a new medical culture .
6518PRP V N . <eoc> and it starts with a doctor .
6519N V N , V PRP N , V PRP V N , V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> the new doctor is a man , knows about his humanity , is not proud to make mistakes , but do it all to learn from them to learn how it can be passed .
6520PRP V PRP N . <eoc> she divides her experience with others .
6521PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it supports if other of your mistakes .
6522PRP V N PRP N , V N , V N . <eoc> and she shows other the mistakes in their mistakes , not to be pure , but in a loving supportive of the way that everybody 's benefiting .
6523PRP V N V N V N , N V , N V N . <eoc> and she works in a medical culture that recognizes that people fill the system with life , and when that 's so , people are making errors as well as time .
6524N V N V PRP V N V N PRP V N V N . <eoc> so that the system is designed to make a brick that make it easier to feel the people who are inevitable and also enabled the way to make the mistakes and the risks that they should be rewarded for the harm of that reward .
6525PRP N V N . <eoc> my name is brian goldman .
6526N V N . <eoc> i 'm the new doctor .
6527N V N . N V N . <eoc> i 'm a person . i do mistakes .
6528N V . V N V N V . <eoc> i 'm running daish . i am but i 'm trying to learn to learn how to join the other .
6529V PRP V PRP , V N . <eoc> i don 't know what you 're holding to me , but i can live with that .
6530V PRP V PRP N , V . <eoc> let me close with three of my own words , i remember .
6531N V N , N . <eoc> i 'm going to talk about a tiny , little idea .
6532PRP V N . <eoc> it 's about transformational normeds .
6533PRP V N , V PRP N V N . <eoc> and because you can explain this idea in a minute , i 'm going to tell you three stories before to use the time .
6534N V N , PRP N . <eoc> the first story is charles darwin , one of my heroes .
6535PRP V PRP V . <eoc> you know that he was 1835 here .
6536PRP V PRP V , PRP V . <eoc> they may think he was finzing , but it 's not true .
6537PRP V N . <eoc> they actually collected fish .
6538PRP V PRP . <eoc> he described one of them as very common .
6539PRP V N . <eoc> it was a grouper dog .
6540N , PRP V N . <eoc> until the ' 80s in the ' 80s , he was caught in great style .
6541PRP V N . <eoc> now he 's on the red list of endangered species .
6542N PRP V N , PRP V . <eoc> this story we 've heard many times of the galapagos islands or in other places , it 's not very special .
6543, PRP V N . <eoc> however , we 're still coming to the galapagos .
6544PRP V PRP V . <eoc> we still think they 're originally .
6545N V PRP V . <eoc> the brochure describe them still as untouched .
6546V . <eoc> what happened here ?
6547N V N , N , V . <eoc> the second story is a different concept , the transformational numbering length , pointing out .
6548N V PRP N V N . <eoc> because i saw it when i was studying an lagoon in west africa .
6549N V , N V N , V N . <eoc> i went there , because i grew up in europe , and i wanted to work in africa later .
6550N V N V PRP . <eoc> i thought i could integrate myself .
6551N V N , V N V N . <eoc> and i got a bad sunburn , and i was convinced that i didn 't really mean by there .
6552PRP V PRP N . <eoc> it was my first sunburn .
6553PRP V N V N . <eoc> and you can see that the lagoon of pales and fell through a few mangroves .
6554V N , N , N . <eoc> there were about 20 degrees of barnanmeters of about 20 times , black weaknesses , a subkind of thoughtful .
6555N V , N V N V N . <eoc> the fishermen of these barches were very active , and the fishermen lived well in ghana and made a great job in ghana .
6556N V N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> when i returned there 27 years later , the fish was swallowed on half his height .
6557PRP V N . <eoc> they grow five centimeters .
6558PRP V . <eoc> they were genetically engineered .
6559PRP V N . <eoc> it was still fish .
6560N V . <eoc> people were still happy .
6561N V . <eoc> and the fish was also fortunate enough to be there .
6562, PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so , it hasn 't changed , and yet it changed everything .
6563PRP N V PRP N V N . <eoc> my third little story tells me about the minimum of fisheries mining fishery in southeast asia .
6564N , N V N . <eoc> in the ' 70s , rather at the beginning of the ' 60s -- funding has many developmental projects .
6565N V N V N , N V N . <eoc> and fishing funding meant that there were a hundred thousand fish , the industrial fishing machine is called mutiara 4th .
6566N V , PRP V N , N . <eoc> i was driving , and we did all over the south china of the south china , and especially in the jassea .
6567PRP V N PRP V . <eoc> we had no words for what we started there .
6568N V PRP V N . <eoc> i know now that it was the cause of the ocean .
6569N PRP N V N , N V N . <eoc> 90 percent of our rides were weads , other animals that are connected to the cause .
6570N , N V N , N , N . <eoc> the biggest part of fish , the little dots there on the rubble , the smashing pile , coral reef fish .
6571N , N V PRP V . <eoc> in essence , the bottom of the ocean came on and then it turned back .
6572N V , N V . <eoc> these images are extraordinary , because the transition goes very quickly .
6573N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> within a year , you lead a surge , and then you start with the commercial fishing .
6574N V . N , N V N . <eoc> the reason is changed . from -- in this case -- a hard reason , or soft corals are going to be a mess .
6575V N . <eoc> this is a dead turtle .
6576PRP V , PRP V PRP , PRP V . <eoc> they were not eaten , they threw them away , because they were dead .
6577PRP V N . <eoc> once we started a living .
6578PRP V . <eoc> she wasn 't stable .
6579PRP V PRP , PRP V PRP . <eoc> then they wanted to kill them , because you could eat them well .
6580N , N V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> in fact , this mountain of anger coming together every time of fish , when they drive into areas that have never occurred .
6581PRP V . <eoc> but it 's not going to document .
6582PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we change the world , but we don 't remember it .
6583PRP V PRP N , V PRP V . <eoc> we adjust our normals of the new level , and calling us what was there .
6584PRP V , V . <eoc> if you generalize , this is what happens .
6585N V N , N , N PRP N , N . <eoc> on the y-axis is a few good things : biodiversity , number of orca , the green of your country , the water supply .
6586N PRP V . PRP V , N , PRP V . <eoc> and the time it changes . it changes , because for people , they were natural .
6587N V N PRP V PRP N , N V PRP . <eoc> every generation looks at the images that you take in the beginning of your conscious life , as standard and it will derive all of that .
6588N V N . <eoc> the difference is perceived as a loss .
6589PRP V N . <eoc> but you don 't think the previous losses .
6590PRP V N . <eoc> it can give a order of change .
6591N , PRP V N . <eoc> and at the end , they just want to get the inherited remnants .
6592V PRP N . <eoc> that is now mostly our goal .
6593PRP V N V N V N PRP V . <eoc> we want to get things that have disappeared or things that aren 't the way they were .
6594PRP V N V N , PRP V N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> now you might think that the problem of people would fall in , which surely , when they lived in predators , animals were killing animals and only after a few generations we had done .
6595, N V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> because obviously , an animal that has been very often -- it was rare before it dies .
6596PRP V N . <eoc> so you don 't lose any common animal .
6597PRP V N . <eoc> you 're always losing common animals .
6598V PRP V N . <eoc> and that 's why it 's not seen as a big loss .
6599N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> at the time , we focus on the big animals and the sea are the big fish .
6600PRP V , PRP V PRP . <eoc> they 're going to be rare , because we 're catching them .
6601N V , PRP V , V N . <eoc> at the time is little fish left , and we think , that 's the normal value .
6602N V N V . <eoc> the question is why people accept that .
6603, PRP V PRP V . <eoc> well , because they don 't know it was different .
6604N , N , V PRP V . <eoc> of course , many people become , scientists , confirm it was really different .
6605PRP V PRP , N PRP V N , PRP V N V . <eoc> they 're going to confirm it , because the evidence they were in a previous form , not as they would like to put the evidence .
6606N , N , V N V N , V N V , PRP V N . N <eoc> for example , there 's anecdotes , that the impression of a captain 's sound like this , which is seen in this area of large fish that has not been used , or not used by fishing scientists , because it 's not " scientifically . "
6607PRP V N V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so we have the situation that people don 't know the past , although we live in a societies , because they don 't trust the sources of the past .
6608V N V N . <eoc> this shows the enormously big role that can play a marine sanctuary .
6609N , PRP V N . <eoc> because by marine reserves , we basically have the past again .
6610PRP V N V N V N V . <eoc> we 're asking the past that people can 't understand because the normal values are changing and very low .
6611N V N V N V PRP N . <eoc> so the people who can see a marine sanctuary and benefit from the window that allows their norgums .
6612N V PRP V N V N . <eoc> what about the people who are not possible because they have no access -- the people in the middle west ?
6613, V N V N , N . <eoc> here , i think the art and the film may fill in the gap , and simulation .
6614V N . <eoc> this is the simulation of cheehapeake bay .
6615N , V N . <eoc> a long time ago , there were whale whales -- 500 years ago .
6616N , PRP V N . <eoc> and the color notes , and you might remember avatar in avatar .
6617PRP V N , PRP V N V N , V PRP V N . <eoc> if you think about " avatar , " if you think about why people were so touched by -- except for the pcaah story , why were they touched by the image of the picture ?
6618PRP V N V N . <eoc> because it 's called something that 's lost in a certain way .
6619, PRP N , N V , V N V N . <eoc> so , my recommendation , the only one i 'm going to give , is to cameron in cameron called avatar ii .
6620N . <eoc> thanks .
6621N , PRP V N V N . <eoc> in the ' 80s in the communist east germany , you had to have a typewriter in the government to register that in government .
6622PRP V N . <eoc> they also had to register a sheet with a new writing machine .
6623N V N V . <eoc> the reason for that : the government could track back where the text was coming back .
6624PRP V N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they found an article with something wrong thinking , they could address the creators of this thought .
6625PRP N V N V N V . <eoc> and we could not understand how anybody could do something like that could and how much the freedom would be unsaying .
6626PRP N , PRP V . <eoc> in our own countries , we would never do that .
6627PRP V N , N V N , N V N PRP V PRP N . <eoc> but if you 're going to buy a new colored printer in 2011 today , from the leading laser laser factory and print one side , then this side of bright yellow blobs on each side of the site and then it makes the side of it and move back to the printer .
6628V PRP N . <eoc> that 's what happens to us today .
6629N V N . <eoc> and that nobody seems to have rain .
6630V N PRP N V N PRP , N . <eoc> and that was an example of how our own governments are using technology against us , citizens .
6631V N V N . <eoc> and this is one of the three main sources of existing online problems .
6632V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> let 's look at what 's actually happening on the world : we can divide the attacks into categories .
6633PRP V N . <eoc> we have three main groups .
6634V N . <eoc> there are online criminals .
6635N , V N . <eoc> for example , this is mr. dimitry gobow in the ukraine in the ukraine .
6636N V . <eoc> and the motives of online criminals are very easy to understand .
6637N V N . <eoc> these people deserve money .
6638PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> they use online attacks to earn a lot of money , a huge amount of money .
6639V N , N V PRP N . <eoc> there are several known cases of online communities , multi-million people who have their money through attacks .
6640V N V N . <eoc> this is wladislawa herding in estonia in estonia .
6641V N . <eoc> this is alfred gonzalz .
6642N . <eoc> stephen watt .
6643N . <eoc> bjen 's swamp .
6644V N , N . <eoc> this is matthew anderson , m.ire al-dat. and so on and so forth .
6645N V N , PRP V PRP V N V N PRP N , PRP V N . <eoc> these people have come online , but they 've chosen it by such a trojan order to steal money from our credit card information , while we 're shopping on a infected computer online .
6646N V N V N , N V N PRP V . <eoc> the u.s. intelligence agency took place two months ago the swiss account of mr. sam jaunin here , and on this account was 14.9 million dollars when it was frozen .
6647N PRP V N , N V . <eoc> mr. jain itself is at free feet , where the place is unknown .
6648N V PRP V N PRP V N , N . <eoc> and i say that it 's more likely that we 're going to become victims of an online criminal , as a crime in the real world .
6649PRP V . <eoc> and it 's very obvious that this is going to be even worse .
6650N , N V . <eoc> in the future , most of the crimes are available online .
6651N PRP V N V N . <eoc> the second largest underheel that we can see today are not motivated by money .
6652PRP V N , N , PRP N . <eoc> they 're driven by something else -- protests , something , an opinion , or through your audience .
6653N V N V N . <eoc> groups like anonymous are up up over the last 12 months and have become one of the main players on the field of online attacks .
6654V N V N , N , N V N , N V N . <eoc> so these are the three main stages of criminals : the criminals who are doing money because , hacking like anonymous , that cause resistance , but the last group are nations and governments who lead the attacks .
6655V N V N . <eoc> there are cases cases like the digotar .
6656PRP V N V , N V PRP N . <eoc> it shows a concept of what happens , when governments are attacking their own citizens .
6657N V N , PRP V . <eoc> digotar is a full prototype tower from the netherlands , or it was .
6658N , PRP V N , N V . <eoc> in the last fall , it had to be handouts , because digotar was hacked .
6659N V , V N . <eoc> somebody was broken , and had to hack the system .
6660N V N , N V N V PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> and last week in a meeting with dutch government grant , i asked one of the following this group of the question that he was able to do it for possible that because of the dighar-hags people died .
6661PRP N V . N <eoc> and his answer was " yes . "
6662, V N V N . <eoc> now , how do people die in a row of such a hair?
6663N V N . <eoc> digotar is a certified setup .
6664PRP V N . <eoc> they sell certificate .
6665V PRP V N . <eoc> what do you do with the board ?
6666, N PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> now , a certificate -- if you have a website with tolls , with sl-operated services , for example ammail .
6667PRP V , PRP V N , PRP V N , N V N PRP N . <eoc> now we all use , or many of us , gmail or one of their competitors , but these services are particularly prevalent in totalitarian states like the local government that the local government can 't pick up in their talks .
6668PRP V PRP V N . <eoc> but you can 't do it if you 're in a foreign foreign .
6669PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a certified projection called trict .
6670V N . <eoc> and that 's exactly what happens in digotar .
6671N , N V N . <eoc> how about the arab spring , and the things that have happened in egypt for example .
6672, N , N V N , PRP V N . <eoc> now , in egypt , the insurgents in april 2011 the headquarters of the egyptian secret police , and they found a lot of records .
6673N , N V N V N . N <eoc> in this files , a folder called " finfisher . "
6674N , N V N V N PRP V N . <eoc> and in this folder , notes in germany were a local company that the egyptian government sold a few programs that they could do -- in very large scale -- any communication of egyptian citizens .
6675PRP V N . <eoc> they had sold this program for 280,000 euros to the egyptian government .
6676N V . <eoc> the pharmaceutical headquarters is right here .
6677N V N V PRP N . <eoc> so western governments are soldiers with aid resources using aid to their own citizens .
6678N V PRP . <eoc> but western governments also help themselves .
6679N , N , N V N , V N V PRP N . <eoc> for example , in germany just a few weeks ago , called the state of the soldiers , that was a trojan who was used by german government legislships to give her own citizens .
6680PRP V N , PRP N V N . <eoc> if you 're going to be suspicious in a crime , your phone will be attached to the phone .
6681N , PRP V . <eoc> but today , we 're far beyond that .
6682PRP V PRP N . <eoc> they tap into their internet connection .
6683PRP V N V PRP N PRP V PRP N , V PRP N , V PRP N . <eoc> they use tools like the state of cleaning to play their computer with a trojan who allows them to monitor their entire communication , listen to their online discussions , to collect their passages .
6684PRP V N , N V , N , V , PRP V N V N . <eoc> so if we think about these things , the obvious answer to people , " ok , that sounds bad , but it 's not because i 'm a brahist .
6685V N V . <eoc> i don 't have to worry !
6686N V N . N <eoc> i have nothing to hide . "
6687N V N . <eoc> and that argument doesn 't make sense .
6688N V . <eoc> privacy must be given .
6689N V N . <eoc> privacy is not about debate .
6690PRP V N . <eoc> it 's not a choice between privacy and safety .
6691PRP V N . <eoc> it 's a choice between freedom and control .
6692PRP V , N , PRP N , PRP V , PRP V , . <eoc> and as we like today , in 2011 , our governments like trust , it 's all right that we make , for always , to be emitted .
6693V PRP V , V PRP V N , N PRP V N . <eoc> and do we trust , trust that we 're blind to every future government , a government that we might have gotten 50 years ?
6694V N PRP V N . <eoc> these are the questions that we have to deal with is the next 50 years .
6695PRP V PRP , V N . <eoc> it may seem strange to you , but i 'm a big fan of noise covers .
6696N V N V N V . <eoc> the first prickly blocks were made in 1868 and deformed a simple idea : module form of cement with solid measurements that fit together .
6697N V N . <eoc> concrete tiles have been very quickly the most mesh-utilized construction unit in the world .
6698PRP V N V PRP V , N , N , N . <eoc> they were able to build things that were larger than we do , buildings , bridges , a brick after the other .
6699, N V N PRP N . <eoc> basically , the key building block was become a building block of our time .
6700N , N V . <eoc> almost a hundred years later , in 1947 , lego came up with this .
6701PRP V N . <eoc> it was called the automatically brick .
6702N , V N . <eoc> and within less years , lego drawn into every household .
6703PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's estimated that over 400 billion rocks have been produced -- or 75 stones on this planet .
6704PRP V N V N , N . <eoc> they don 't have to be an engineer to create beautiful houses , beautiful bridges or beautiful building .
6705N V PRP . <eoc> lego made it for all possible .
6706N V N V N , V PRP N . <eoc> lego basically made the key building block the building block of the world , taken and made a building block for our imagination .
6707N , N V N , N . <eoc> in the meantime , at the same year at bell labs announced the next revolution , the next building block .
6708N V N V PRP N , V N V . <eoc> the transistor was a little plastic unit that made us from a world of static , aggregated building blocks to a world where everything was interactive .
6709N , PRP V N , N , N . <eoc> like the concrete block , we allow the transistor to build much larger , more complex circular cycles , a brick after the other .
6710V N V N . <eoc> but there 's a major difference : the transistor was only for experts .
6711N V N PRP N , V N V . <eoc> i personally don 't accept that the building block of our time for experts , and therefore i decided to change that .
6712N , N V N , N V N V N . <eoc> eight years ago , i was at the media lab , and i started exploring this idea how to make the power of engineers in the hand of artists and designers .
6713N , N V N . <eoc> a few years ago , i started developing linlebits .
6714V PRP V PRP V . <eoc> let me show you how they work .
6715N V N V N . <eoc> liticlebits are electronic modules that have a specific function .
6716PRP V , N , N , N . <eoc> they 're preoccupied , light , clay , motor and sensor .
6717N V PRP V N . <eoc> and the best part of this is that they connect with magnets .
6718PRP V PRP . <eoc> you can 't put them out wrong .
6719N V N . <eoc> the rocks are color codes .
6720N V , N V , N V N . <eoc> green is output , blue is electricity , pink is input and orange is wires .
6721PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so all you have to do is create a blue and a green together , and they can build very fast circular cycles .
6722PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> they add a blue on a green , and they can make light .
6723PRP V N PRP V N . <eoc> they can put a switch between and so they made a little dig .
6724V N V N V , PRP V N . <eoc> take the switch out to be a pulsmodule that 's here , and you 've made a little blinking .
6725PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> if you put this buzzbot for an extra effect , and you 've made a noise machine .
6726N V . <eoc> i 'll stop that .
6727N , N V . <eoc> beyond the simple game , lidisc is actually quite powerful .
6728, PRP V , V N PRP N , N . <eoc> instead , instead of you have to program wiring , or over-allowing you to code with simple , intuitive gestures .
6729V N , PRP V N , PRP V N . <eoc> so to accelerate the leg or slow down , you just turn on this button , and it makes the impulse faster or slower .
6730N V PRP V N . <eoc> the idea behind liquid lebits is it 's a growing library .
6731PRP V N . <eoc> we want to bring every single interaction in this world into a utilitarian .
6732N , N , N , N V . <eoc> lights , sound , solar elements , motors -- everything should be available .
6733PRP V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we 've spread liretinlebits of kids , and they can see it .
6734PRP V N . <eoc> and it was an incredible experience .
6735N V , PRP V N V PRP N PRP V N . <eoc> the most beautiful thing is , how you start the electronics that surrounds them in life and they don 't learn in school .
6736N , N V , N V N , N . <eoc> like a night , like a night light works , or why the doors are opening up , or like an ipod on touch .
6737PRP V N V N . <eoc> we 've also brought libits to design schools .
6738PRP V N , N , V N . <eoc> so we had a designer of an example , for example , with no experience in electronic things -- the beginning to play with liticlebits as a material .
6739PRP V , N , N , N <eoc> here we see , with filz , paper and water bottles , like georgia ...
6740N , PRP V N , PRP V PRP N V N , N , N V PRP , V N . N <eoc> a few weeks ago , we put up to risd , and we gave them some designers that had no technical experience -- just box , wood and paper , and they said , " power . "
6741V N PRP V , N . <eoc> here 's an example of a project that they did , a motion version of the one .
6742N , V PRP N . <eoc> but wait , this is really my favorite project .
6743PRP V N V N . <eoc> it 's a hummer of dough that 's afraid of darkness .
6744N , N , V N , N V N . <eoc> for these non-engineers , liticlebits , another material , electronics was just another material .
6745PRP V N . <eoc> and we want to do this material for all available .
6746N V N . <eoc> so liz is open source .
6747PRP V N V N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> you can go to the website that all the design claims were down , and you can make it yourself .
6748PRP V N , N V N PRP V , N , PRP V PRP . <eoc> we want the world of creators , the inventor who is encouraging permission because this world that we live in , these interactive world , we heard us .
6749, V PRP V PRP . <eoc> so , pull them off and start to invent them .
6750N . <eoc> thanks .