ND5huveg

10
200:00:05,000 --> 00:00:15,000
3INDOXXI
4Support dengan like & share :)
5
61
700:00:28,725 --> 00:00:31,725
8You know, I grew up
9in country like this.
10
112
1200:00:31,295 --> 00:00:35,295
13My dad and I were riding
14our horses up to these amazing...
15
163
1700:00:34,165 --> 00:00:35,842
18high mountain lakes.
19
204
2100:00:35,928 --> 00:00:40,578
22We'd ride back in to some pretty
23remote wilderness areas with...
24
255
2600:00:40,664 --> 00:00:44,399
27incredible streams, and meadows,
28and, and wildlife.
29
306
3100:00:44,530 --> 00:00:46,258
32I love it here.
33
347
3500:00:49,366 --> 00:00:50,642
36Look at this canyon.
37
388
3900:00:50,689 --> 00:00:52,954
40It reminds me of
41the Grand Canyon.
42
439
4400:00:52,993 --> 00:00:54,594
45You got this old stream.
46
4710
4800:00:54,629 --> 00:00:57,019
49You got these steep canyon walls.
50
5111
5200:00:57,246 --> 00:00:59,246
53How long do you
54suppose it would take
55
5612
5700:00:58,863 --> 00:01:00,543
58for a stream this small
59
6013
6100:01:00,668 --> 00:01:02,504
62to remove this much material
63
6414
6500:01:02,566 --> 00:01:05,131
66and cut the canyon this deep?
67
6815
6900:01:06,599 --> 00:01:08,295
70This rock has a story.
71
7216
7300:01:08,389 --> 00:01:11,389
74Just like I do and
75just like you do.
76
7717
7800:01:11,029 --> 00:01:12,975
79It came from somewhere.
80
8118
8200:01:13,092 --> 00:01:16,092
83A lot of these rocks
84have been dated to be
85
8619
8700:01:15,998 --> 00:01:19,639
88350,000 years old,
89up to 2 million.
90
9120
9200:01:19,769 --> 00:01:21,623
93That is pretty old.
94
9521
9600:01:22,193 --> 00:01:24,584
97But, it might surprise you
98to know
99
10022
10100:01:24,631 --> 00:01:27,936
102that all the geological formations
103that we see here,
104
10523
10600:01:27,990 --> 00:01:29,334
107the cannons,
108
10924
11000:01:29,569 --> 00:01:32,115
111the layers,
112even the plants,
113
11425
11500:01:32,326 --> 00:01:34,217
116are younger than I am.
117
11826
11900:01:34,490 --> 00:01:36,490
120When I was born,
121there was nothing here,
122
12327
12400:01:36,342 --> 00:01:37,896
125but the vast forest,
126
12728
12800:01:37,944 --> 00:01:41,576
129hundreds of feet below where
130we're standing right now.
131
13229
13300:01:42,214 --> 00:01:44,224
134In fact, before 1980,
135
13630
13700:01:44,328 --> 00:01:46,951
138most people had never even heard
139
14031
14100:01:47,029 --> 00:01:48,826
142of Mount Saint Helens.
143
14432
14500:01:53,626 --> 00:01:56,297
146It was in that year,
147on May 18th
148
14933
15000:01:56,336 --> 00:01:58,915
151that molten rock created a steam blast
152
15334
15400:01:58,940 --> 00:02:02,227
155with the force of 20 million tons of TNT.
156
15735
15800:02:02,282 --> 00:02:05,868
159Avalanche debris and
160other flows of the eruption
161
16236
16300:02:05,922 --> 00:02:08,791
164lay down all of those layers rapidly
165
16637
16700:02:08,869 --> 00:02:11,221
168up to 600 feet thick.
169
17038
17100:02:11,457 --> 00:02:12,863
172A couple of years later,
173
17439
17500:02:12,903 --> 00:02:15,161
176uh, there were some more
177volcanic activity
178
17940
18000:02:15,199 --> 00:02:17,051
181that created a mudflow
182
18341
18400:02:17,137 --> 00:02:19,551
185that cut out this entire canyon.
186
18742
18800:02:19,754 --> 00:02:23,223
189It also cut through deep bedrock,
190
19143
19200:02:23,325 --> 00:02:25,426
193all in a couple of days.
194
19544
19600:02:25,809 --> 00:02:27,129
197Isn't it amazing,
198
19945
20000:02:27,192 --> 00:02:30,637
201what a little bit of information
202from the past can do
203
20446
20500:02:30,754 --> 00:02:32,480
206to help change your view
207
20847
20900:02:32,534 --> 00:02:35,644
210of the present and
211the present world around you?
212
21348
21400:02:36,387 --> 00:02:40,504
215There're a lot of assumptions
216made by a lot of people,
217
21849
21900:02:40,848 --> 00:02:44,215
220about the history
221of the Earth around us.
222
22350
22400:02:44,652 --> 00:02:46,785
225The question is,
226how do those assumptions
227
22851
22900:02:46,816 --> 00:02:50,230
230affect how
231we view the history?
232
23352
23400:02:50,512 --> 00:02:52,324
235But more importantly,
236
23753
23800:02:52,481 --> 00:02:55,527
239how do they play in
240how we view science
241
24254
24300:02:55,637 --> 00:02:57,105
244and the Bible?
245
24655
24700:02:57,807 --> 00:03:01,691
248Did God create the world in a few days
249
25056
25100:03:01,957 --> 00:03:04,465
252or billions of years?
253
25457
25500:03:04,661 --> 00:03:07,457
256Is humanity descended from apes?
257
25858
25900:03:07,652 --> 00:03:11,543
260Or did God created us instantly,
261in his image?
262
26359
26400:03:11,885 --> 00:03:15,816
265Was there a global flood that
266destroyed the Earth?
267
26860
26900:03:16,098 --> 00:03:18,059
270Or is that a myth?
271
27261
27300:03:18,400 --> 00:03:19,887
274In other words,
275
27662
27700:03:20,052 --> 00:03:22,676
278is Genesis history?
279
28063
28100:03:59,633 --> 00:04:02,633
282When we think about
283the history of the Earth,
284
28564
28600:04:01,532 --> 00:04:04,532
287there are a lot things
288we need to consider.
289
29065
29100:04:03,871 --> 00:04:07,871
292But one of the most fascinating
293is the account of the Flood.
294
29566
29600:04:07,515 --> 00:04:10,297
297Was the whole Earth
298covered with water?
299
30067
30100:04:10,424 --> 00:04:13,758
302Genesis says the waters prevailed
303so mildly on the Earth
304
30568
30600:04:13,790 --> 00:04:17,234
307that all the high mountains
308in the whole heaven were covered.
309
31069
31100:04:17,315 --> 00:04:19,377
312So if the Flood was truly global,
313
31470
31500:04:19,455 --> 00:04:21,917
316wouldn't there be a lot of evidence?
317
31871
31900:04:22,682 --> 00:04:26,682
320I had heard of a scientist
321who has spent over 40 years
322
32372
32400:04:25,362 --> 00:04:26,979
325studying this question.
326
32773
32800:04:27,091 --> 00:04:31,091
329When I spoke with him,
330he said he had a great place
331
33274
33300:04:29,511 --> 00:04:32,511
334where we could see evidence
335for the global Flood.
336
33775
33800:04:35,245 --> 00:04:39,245
339Steve, I got to admit,
340I, I've been here several times
341
34276
34300:04:37,948 --> 00:04:40,948
344but every time I come here,
345it is breathtaking.
346
34777
34800:04:40,565 --> 00:04:42,175
349Uh, besides being at home,
350
35178
35200:04:42,206 --> 00:04:44,206
353- our Grand Canyon is my favorite
354- Yeah.
355
35679
35700:04:44,034 --> 00:04:45,284
358- place on Earth.
359- Yeah.
360
36180
36200:04:45,542 --> 00:04:48,542
363So, Steve, tell me,
364what, what do you see here?
365
36681
36700:04:48,323 --> 00:04:50,323
368When we look at
369the Grand Canyon,
370
37182
37200:04:49,770 --> 00:04:53,997
373we see the inside story
374to the ground beneath our feet.
375
37683
37700:04:54,083 --> 00:04:58,083
378And we kind of have
379a layered cake here, don't we?
380
38184
38200:04:56,786 --> 00:04:58,083
383Of Strata
384
38585
38600:04:58,131 --> 00:05:01,350
387that have been eroded
388for our benefit
389
39086
39100:05:01,374 --> 00:05:04,327
392to see the inside structure
393of the Earth.
394
39587
39600:05:04,428 --> 00:05:07,733
397These same layers are also in Colorado.
398
39988
40000:05:07,817 --> 00:05:10,561
401Well, also in Illinois,
402also in Pennsylvania.
403
40489
40500:05:10,586 --> 00:05:13,389
406So when you say, sedimentary strata,
407
40890
40900:05:13,436 --> 00:05:16,436
410you're talking about
411the layers that we see?
412
41391
41400:05:15,276 --> 00:05:18,476
415Yes. So the lowest layers
416are formed first.
417
41892
41900:05:18,538 --> 00:05:21,853
420Little sediment grains
421that were mixed,
422
42393
42400:05:21,884 --> 00:05:25,790
425separated, and flowed in here
426from different directions
427
42894
42900:05:25,853 --> 00:05:28,735
430and accumulated one ontop of another.
431
43295
43300:05:28,829 --> 00:05:30,095
434And then, of course,
435
43696
43700:05:30,142 --> 00:05:32,923
438naturally, they convert to rock.
439
44097
44100:05:32,985 --> 00:05:36,985
442So you're saying that the solid ground
443we're standing on right now
444
44598
44600:05:35,907 --> 00:05:37,907
447if we went back in its history,
448
44999
45000:05:37,884 --> 00:05:39,493
451- it'd be liquid?
452- Yes.
453
454100
45500:05:39,540 --> 00:05:42,493
456So the ocean is doing
457some amazing things
458
459101
46000:05:42,518 --> 00:05:45,426
461and water of, of incredible power
462
463102
46400:05:45,481 --> 00:05:48,564
465is depositing the layers
466we see in the canyon.
467
468103
46900:05:48,614 --> 00:05:50,786
470And are there fossils
471in all those layers?
472
473104
47400:05:50,817 --> 00:05:53,546
475There are marine fossils
476through all the layers.
477
478105
47900:05:53,639 --> 00:05:55,639
480Uh, but the standard explanation is,
481
482106
48300:05:55,609 --> 00:05:59,006
484there were 17 different
485advances and retreats
486
487107
48800:05:59,069 --> 00:06:02,514
489of the ocean over
490the north American continent,
491
492108
49300:06:02,561 --> 00:06:05,725
494and it was extended over
495hundreds of millions of years.
496
497109
49800:06:05,772 --> 00:06:08,772
499And what is the evidence
500that you see here
501
502110
50300:06:08,186 --> 00:06:11,186
504that would say that
505doesn't seem to make sense?
506
507111
50800:06:10,522 --> 00:06:14,751
509The 4,000 feet of flat line
510strata in the canyon are flat.
511
512112
51300:06:14,790 --> 00:06:16,085
514And relative to one another,
515
516113
51700:06:16,110 --> 00:06:18,110
518we look in between
519the strata layers
520
521114
52200:06:17,977 --> 00:06:20,977
523and we don't see the passage of time
524
525115
52600:06:20,642 --> 00:06:21,910
527in between layers.
528
529116
53000:06:21,941 --> 00:06:22,949
531You mean erosion?
532
533117
53400:06:22,980 --> 00:06:25,329
535Erosion, specially,
536and channeling
537
538118
53900:06:25,355 --> 00:06:29,096
540uh, on any great scale is not visible.
541
542119
54300:06:29,131 --> 00:06:31,131
544And then we look at
545the strata themselves,
546
547120
54800:06:30,902 --> 00:06:33,386
549they provide evidence of rapid,
550
551121
55200:06:33,457 --> 00:06:35,410
553very rapid sedimentation.
554
555122
55600:06:35,464 --> 00:06:39,642
557Just minutes or hours is all
558it's needed to make layers.
559
560123
56100:06:39,707 --> 00:06:42,707
562Well, tell me about
563the story of these layers.
564
565124
56600:06:41,646 --> 00:06:43,646
567I mean, how did they get here?
568
569125
57000:06:43,011 --> 00:06:46,011
571"In the six hundredth year of Noah's life,
572
573126
57400:06:44,902 --> 00:06:47,902
575from the second month of
576the seventeenth day of the month,
577
578127
57900:06:47,402 --> 00:06:51,402
580the same day were all the fountains
581of the great deep broken up,
582
583128
58400:06:50,974 --> 00:06:52,974
585and the windows of heaven were opened."
586
587129
58800:06:52,997 --> 00:06:56,796
589My understanding is
590the ocean floor upheaval occurred,
591
592130
59300:06:56,858 --> 00:06:58,968
594- some type of magma or...
595- Uh-huh.
596
597131
59800:06:59,030 --> 00:07:01,866
599earthquake propelled
600the oceans over the continent.
601
602132
60300:07:01,897 --> 00:07:03,897
604So that's why we get
605
606133
60700:07:03,304 --> 00:07:06,638
608uh, these marine fossils
609in these layers?
610
611134
61200:07:06,663 --> 00:07:08,663
613Yes. And we have six months
614
615135
61600:07:08,132 --> 00:07:10,171
617the waters prevailed upon the earth.
618
619136
62000:07:10,218 --> 00:07:13,676
621Another seven months or so
622for the water to subside.
623
624137
62500:07:13,701 --> 00:07:17,447
626The 4,000 feet of strata
627probably represent the early
628
629138
63000:07:17,486 --> 00:07:19,557
631and middle part of the global Flood
632
633139
63400:07:19,592 --> 00:07:21,592
635right here in the Grand Canyon.
636
637140
63800:07:21,181 --> 00:07:22,496
639We have other strata
640
641141
64200:07:22,543 --> 00:07:24,746
643locally in this Grand Canyon region.
644
645142
64600:07:24,777 --> 00:07:27,050
647That's called "The Grand Staircase".
648
649143
65000:07:27,089 --> 00:07:31,097
651We have about 10,000 feet,
652two miles thick of strata
653
654144
65500:07:31,136 --> 00:07:34,136
656- on top of the Grand Canyon.
657- Higher than where we are.
658
659145
66000:07:33,550 --> 00:07:35,308
661Higher than where we are,
662
663146
66400:07:35,363 --> 00:07:36,816
665now represents uh,
666
667147
66800:07:36,863 --> 00:07:40,863
669the later stages of the Flood
670and the retreat of the flood water.
671
672148
67300:07:40,869 --> 00:07:44,215
674This surface was beveled by
675the retreat of flood waters.
676
677149
67800:07:44,269 --> 00:07:48,059
679And as the flood retreated into
680the newly formed ocean basins,
681
682150
68300:07:48,113 --> 00:07:51,051
684then the continents probably uplifted
685
686151
68700:07:51,082 --> 00:07:54,021
688and the Ark,
689of course, was landed
690
691152
69200:07:54,092 --> 00:07:56,732
693in high country
694in the Middle East.
695
696153
69700:07:56,802 --> 00:07:59,802
698Well, there are some people
699who say that, that...
700
701154
70200:07:59,037 --> 00:08:01,380
703record is about a local flood.
704
705155
70600:08:01,482 --> 00:08:03,482
707I believe it's a global flood.
708
709156
71000:08:03,212 --> 00:08:06,212
711And "all the high hills
712or the whole heaven were covered",
713
714157
71500:08:05,813 --> 00:08:07,359
716the universal statement,
717
718158
71900:08:07,406 --> 00:08:10,328
720but mountains have risen since then.
721
722159
72300:08:10,406 --> 00:08:13,406
724And we shouldn't measure
725the depth of the floodwaters
726
727160
72800:08:12,953 --> 00:08:14,961
729by the present mountains of the Earth,
730
731161
73200:08:15,000 --> 00:08:19,244
733which largely created during
734the Flood and after the Flood.
735
736162
73700:08:19,315 --> 00:08:23,268
738Well, the fact that we have
739all of these layers, um...
740
741163
74200:08:23,330 --> 00:08:26,930
743would be unknown to us
744if we were standing on them
745
746164
74700:08:26,955 --> 00:08:28,158
748you know,
749somewhere else,
750
751165
75200:08:28,221 --> 00:08:32,221
753but they're known to us
754because they've been cut out.
755
756166
75700:08:31,080 --> 00:08:32,455
758How did that happen?
759
760167
76100:08:32,494 --> 00:08:36,494
762Well, it was the story that
763we all learned in grammar school.
764
765168
76600:08:35,893 --> 00:08:37,635
767OK, Colorado River,
768
769169
77000:08:37,674 --> 00:08:41,254
771over tens of millions of years,
772cut the Grand Canyon.
773
774170
77500:08:41,301 --> 00:08:44,976
776Most geologists have jettisoned that idea.
777
778171
77900:08:45,053 --> 00:08:48,053
780It's hard to sustain a canyon like this
781
782172
78300:08:47,802 --> 00:08:50,248
784for uh tens of millions of years.
785
786173
78700:08:50,287 --> 00:08:54,312
788Uh, uh, you can't imagine a canyon
789enduring that long with erosion
790
791174
79200:08:54,337 --> 00:08:58,337
793Is that because it would, eventually,
794the sides would have collapsed and...
795
796175
79700:08:57,656 --> 00:08:58,890
798- Yes.
799- broken down?
800
801176
80200:08:58,968 --> 00:09:02,968
803Then how in the world that
804we get this all carved out?
805
806177
80700:09:02,080 --> 00:09:04,080
808Well, uh,
809there are a lot of theories,
810
811178
81200:09:04,119 --> 00:09:06,534
813and personally,
814I like the idea...
815
816179
81700:09:06,596 --> 00:09:08,642
818of ​​catastrophic erosion
819
820180
82100:09:08,682 --> 00:09:11,324
822by drainage of lakes.
823
824181
82500:09:11,394 --> 00:09:15,653
826So after the flood,
827we have these large bodies of water,
828
829182
83000:09:15,692 --> 00:09:17,723
831these lakes that are trapped.
832
833183
83400:09:17,793 --> 00:09:20,793
835There is evidence of the big lake
836in the Painted Desert,
837
838184
83900:09:20,624 --> 00:09:22,624
840- a place called "Hopi Buttes",
841- Hhh.
842
843185
84400:09:22,499 --> 00:09:26,944
845about 500 cubic miles
846of water in this huge lake...
847
848186
84900:09:27,029 --> 00:09:31,029
850And so the dam breaks and
851all of that massive amount of water
852
853187
85400:09:30,818 --> 00:09:34,709
855then is now pouring out
856and carving this.
857
858188
85900:09:34,742 --> 00:09:38,179
860Yes. And how long would it take
861to erode Grand Canyon?
862
863189
86400:09:38,234 --> 00:09:39,666
865Maybe weeks.
866
867190
86800:09:39,737 --> 00:09:41,893
869But not, uh, millions of years.
870
871191
87200:09:41,932 --> 00:09:44,783
873- Time is not a magic wand...
874- Uh-huh.
875
876192
87700:09:44,814 --> 00:09:48,338
878that solves all the geological
879problems of the world.
880
881193
88200:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,527
883Jettison that way of thinking
884
885194
88600:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,465
887about millions of years
888and then start thinking...
889
890195
89100:09:53,543 --> 00:09:57,090
892about catastrophic processes
893like you see in Mount St. Helens...
894
895196
89600:09:57,154 --> 00:10:01,100
897and that will help you
898understand Grand Canyon.
899
900197
90100:10:01,709 --> 00:10:02,959
902Everywhere we looked,
903
904198
90500:10:03,006 --> 00:10:07,259
906Steve showed me evidence of
907the incredible power of moving water.
908
909199
91000:10:07,361 --> 00:10:09,939
911They quickly laid down
912these enormous layers,
913
914200
91500:10:09,964 --> 00:10:12,040
916then quickly eroded them away.
917
918201
91900:10:12,150 --> 00:10:14,376
920Steve wanted to show me
921where the floodwaters
922
923202
92400:10:14,407 --> 00:10:15,759
925first hit the continent.
926
927203
92800:10:15,807 --> 00:10:18,587
929So he took me deeper
930into the canyon.
931
932204
93300:10:20,098 --> 00:10:24,098
934Steve, when you said
935you're gonna bring me to the bottom,
936
937205
93800:10:22,176 --> 00:10:24,392
939you, you weren't kidding
940when you word
941
942206
94300:10:24,454 --> 00:10:26,454
944the word "the bottom", are we?
945
946207
94700:10:25,872 --> 00:10:30,030
948We are in this uh, big side canyon
949to the main Grand Canyon...
950
951208
95200:10:30,108 --> 00:10:33,108
953and we are looking at
954the granite basement rock,
955
956209
95700:10:32,835 --> 00:10:36,129
958which is the, the core
959of the continent, if you will...
960
961210
96200:10:36,164 --> 00:10:40,164
963and then we see the flat
964lining strata on top of it.
965
966211
96700:10:39,830 --> 00:10:43,008
968The boundary between
969the granite rock below
970
971212
97200:10:43,033 --> 00:10:45,644
973and the Tapeats sandstone above
974
975213
97600:10:45,679 --> 00:10:49,607
977is this surface we call
978the Great Unconformity.
979
980214
98100:10:49,748 --> 00:10:53,748
982Why, why does it appear
983to be such a, a stark line?
984
985215
98600:10:53,592 --> 00:10:54,598
987I mean, it's clear.
988
989216
99000:10:54,623 --> 00:10:58,891
991I think it's an erosional
992boundary of colossal scale.
993
994217
99500:10:58,953 --> 00:11:01,953
996We're looking at something
997that uh, shows the,...
998
999218
100000:11:01,822 --> 00:11:04,219
1001the magnitude of flood flow...
1002
1003219
100400:11:04,297 --> 00:11:05,541
1005over a surface.
1006
1007220
100800:11:05,580 --> 00:11:06,978
1009And this is just here?
1010
1011221
101200:11:07,057 --> 00:11:09,307
1013The Great Unconformity
1014is continent wide.
1015
1016222
101700:11:09,377 --> 00:11:12,377
1018I've seen it, I believe,
1019in the Middle East.
1020
1021223
102200:11:11,799 --> 00:11:13,393
1023It's over in Europe.
1024
1025224
102600:11:13,478 --> 00:11:14,705
1027Uh, it's in Africa.
1028
1029225
103000:11:14,744 --> 00:11:17,744
1031And here it is uh, under
1032the North American continent.
1033
1034226
103500:11:17,502 --> 00:11:21,471
1036So, we got this uh, layer,
1037how thick is this layer?
1038
1039227
104000:11:21,503 --> 00:11:22,924
1041What goes up from here?
1042
1043228
104400:11:22,971 --> 00:11:25,473
1045Well, we have the Sauk
1046Megasequence here,
1047
1048229
104900:11:25,498 --> 00:11:27,498
1050if you will,
1051a thousand feet of...
1052
1053230
105400:11:27,239 --> 00:11:31,028
1055sandstone, shale, limestone
1056that go continent wide.
1057
1058231
105900:11:31,121 --> 00:11:33,754
1060- There are four other big sequence
1061- Hmm.
1062
1063232
106400:11:33,779 --> 00:11:36,256
1065packages of strata
1066that sit above it.
1067
1068233
106900:11:36,311 --> 00:11:39,779
1070Those are also
1071very continuous like this.
1072
1073234
107400:11:39,889 --> 00:11:43,889
1075What we're seeing here
1076is rather representative
1077
1078235
107900:11:43,928 --> 00:11:45,928
1080of the rest of the world.
1081
1082236
108300:11:45,482 --> 00:11:48,890
1084It makes one uh,
1085really question the notion
1086
1087237
108800:11:48,915 --> 00:11:51,915
1089that this all happened
1090because of a small local flood.
1091
1092238
109300:11:51,486 --> 00:11:53,486
1094We're talking about
1095something enormous.
1096
1097239
109800:11:53,322 --> 00:11:57,148
1099The power of moving water
1100was beveling and pulverizing rock,
1101
1102240
110300:11:57,234 --> 00:12:00,699
1104depositing great thicknesses of layers...
1105
1106241
110700:12:00,754 --> 00:12:04,822
1108and calling our mind
1109to think about the global flood.
1110
1111242
111200:12:05,081 --> 00:12:08,384
1113The conventional story is
1114entirely different, though.
1115
1116243
111700:12:08,455 --> 00:12:11,504
1118It would say that
1119there is a lot of time...
1120
1121244
112200:12:11,551 --> 00:12:13,434
1123between each of these layers.
1124
1125245
112600:12:13,496 --> 00:12:16,115
1127Some people have said that
1128the Great Unconformity
1129
1130246
113100:12:16,154 --> 00:12:19,061
1132boundary here represents
1133half of billion years.
1134
1135247
113600:12:19,100 --> 00:12:22,100
1137You mean, between the granite
1138we see and that
1139
1140248
114100:12:21,037 --> 00:12:22,608
1142first layer of sedimentary rock?
1143
1144249
114500:12:22,635 --> 00:12:25,662
1146Yeah. They say that maybe
1147half of billion years there.
1148
1149250
115000:12:25,733 --> 00:12:30,340
1151Ok, and that's what their
1152explanation of Earth history
1153
1154251
115500:12:30,410 --> 00:12:33,045
1156would ask them to consider.
1157
1158252
115900:12:33,131 --> 00:12:36,131
1160Yet, when you come here
1161and look at this...
1162
1163253
116400:12:35,256 --> 00:12:37,024
1165nearly a featureless plane.
1166
1167254
116800:12:37,055 --> 00:12:39,348
1169It's not an exactly a plane,
1170
1171255
117200:12:39,391 --> 00:12:41,125
1173but it's a gently...
1174
1175256
117600:12:41,180 --> 00:12:42,915
1177- rolling surface.
1178- Uh-huh.
1179
1180257
118100:12:42,963 --> 00:12:46,180
1182And would that be the product
1183of billions of years...
1184
1185258
118600:12:46,227 --> 00:12:49,598
1187or would that be the product
1188of the power of water...
1189
1190259
119100:12:49,660 --> 00:12:51,457
1192- planing off a surface?
1193- Hhh.
1194
1195260
119600:12:51,567 --> 00:12:54,434
1197Time is foreign to...
1198
1199261
120000:12:54,481 --> 00:12:56,606
1201- a good explanation here.
1202- Uh-huh.
1203
1204262
120500:12:56,637 --> 00:12:59,637
1206And so we want
1207to explain what we see.
1208
1209263
121000:12:59,452 --> 00:13:02,452
1211Everywhere we look,
1212we see the power of water.
1213
1214264
121500:13:02,334 --> 00:13:04,717
1216And it's water on
1217a colossal scale.
1218
1219265
122000:13:04,742 --> 00:13:07,742
1221And that's the story here
1222at Grand Canyon.
1223
1224266
122500:13:07,355 --> 00:13:11,355
1226It's not a little of water
1227and a lot of time.
1228
1229267
123000:13:10,489 --> 00:13:14,045
1231It's a lot of water in a little time.
1232
1233268
123400:13:15,412 --> 00:13:17,506
1235Time really is the essential issue
1236
1237269
123800:13:17,562 --> 00:13:19,858
1239when talking about
1240the history of the Earth.
1241
1242270
124300:13:20,000 --> 00:13:24,000
1244How much time did it take
1245to form what we see around us?
1246
1247271
124800:13:23,834 --> 00:13:26,834
1249It seemed clear to me that
1250the global Flood would have
1251
1252272
125300:13:26,352 --> 00:13:28,592
1254transformed the Earth quickly.
1255
1256273
125700:13:28,694 --> 00:13:30,694
1258Yet I know,
1259many people think
1260
1261274
126200:13:30,139 --> 00:13:33,702
1263that the world formed slowly
1264over billions of years.
1265
1266275
126700:13:33,850 --> 00:13:38,077
1268What was the real difference
1269between these two views of time?
1270
1271276
127200:13:38,491 --> 00:13:42,491
1273I needed to talk to someone
1274who could tell me more about
1275
1276277
127700:13:41,147 --> 00:13:43,584
1278science and history and time.
1279
1280278
128100:13:43,684 --> 00:13:46,178
1282Since my background is
1283in computer science,
1284
1285279
128600:13:46,231 --> 00:13:48,231
1287we met in a place
1288we had personally
1289
1290280
129100:13:48,131 --> 00:13:50,584
1292experienced some of that history.
1293
1294281
129500:13:56,984 --> 00:13:58,984
1296As we looked at the exhibit,
1297
1298282
129900:13:58,321 --> 00:14:00,321
1300I was reminded how much smaller
1301
1302283
130300:14:00,063 --> 00:14:02,063
1304and more powerful
1305computers have become
1306
1307284
130800:14:01,947 --> 00:14:04,045
1309since I first started using them.
1310
1311285
131200:14:04,163 --> 00:14:07,344
1313Paul said that changing
1314assumptions about computers
1315
1316286
131700:14:07,387 --> 00:14:10,086
1318were really a series
1319of paradigm shifts.
1320
1321287
132200:14:10,274 --> 00:14:13,274
1323So when I was 19,
1324I read Thomas Kuhn's classic.
1325
1326288
132700:14:13,235 --> 00:14:15,313
1328"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions",
1329
1330289
133100:14:15,338 --> 00:14:18,711
1332where he described
1333this notion of paradigms.
1334
1335290
133600:14:18,826 --> 00:14:23,188
1337A paradigm is a framework,
1338within which you interpret evidence.
1339
1340291
134100:14:23,253 --> 00:14:26,253
1342So really, science isn't
1343just about the evidence,
1344
1345292
134600:14:26,033 --> 00:14:28,525
1347it's about how
1348you interpret that evidence.
1349
1350293
135100:14:28,560 --> 00:14:29,961
1352So, this room for example,
1353
1354294
135500:14:29,986 --> 00:14:32,484
1356we got so-called "minicomputers" here.
1357
1358295
135900:14:32,523 --> 00:14:34,523
1360But really, they're not mini at all,
1361
1362296
136300:14:34,283 --> 00:14:36,283
1364in terms of our current paradigm.
1365
1366297
136700:14:36,297 --> 00:14:38,320
1368- Yeah, today, right?
1369- Yeah.
1370
1371298
137200:14:38,375 --> 00:14:39,797
1373- This.
1374- Yeah.
1375
1376299
137700:14:39,836 --> 00:14:40,875
1378Right?
1379
1380300
138100:14:40,945 --> 00:14:44,258
1382So really, to understand
1383this question of origins
1384
1385301
138600:14:44,283 --> 00:14:46,002
1387you really need to begin
1388
1389302
139000:14:46,033 --> 00:14:48,289
1391by looking at
1392the governing paradigms,
1393
1394303
139500:14:48,314 --> 00:14:51,429
1396the two major views
1397that we currently have...
1398
1399304
140000:14:51,502 --> 00:14:54,705
1401about the history of life
1402and history of the Universe.
1403
1404305
140500:14:54,783 --> 00:14:55,822
1406And what are those?
1407
1408306
140900:14:55,848 --> 00:14:57,848
1410On the one hand,
1411we have
1412
1413307
141400:14:57,144 --> 00:14:58,988
1415- the conventional paradigm.
1416- Uh-huh.
1417
1418308
141900:14:59,070 --> 00:15:02,877
1420In the conventional paradigm,
1421you got deep time.
1422
1423309
142400:15:02,928 --> 00:15:05,275
142513.7 billion years
1426
1427310
142800:15:05,330 --> 00:15:08,127
1429along which, this gradual process
1430
1431311
143200:15:08,162 --> 00:15:10,088
1433beginning with primal simplicity,
1434
1435312
143600:15:10,119 --> 00:15:12,290
1437ending in what we see today.
1438
1439313
144000:15:12,473 --> 00:15:15,473
1441All the complexity in life
1442has to be built bottom up
1443
1444314
144500:15:15,348 --> 00:15:17,106
1446by strictly physical processes,
1447
1448315
144900:15:17,160 --> 00:15:18,598
1450where no mind,
1451
1452316
145300:15:18,652 --> 00:15:19,724
1454no creator,
1455
1456317
145700:15:19,787 --> 00:15:22,272
1458no design is present.
1459
1460318
146100:15:22,480 --> 00:15:25,480
1462The second view,
1463we can call, let's say,
1464
1465319
146600:15:24,841 --> 00:15:27,223
1467the historical Genesis paradigm.
1468
1469320
147000:15:27,285 --> 00:15:31,357
1471Everything starts with
1472a divine mind, a creator,
1473
1474321
147500:15:31,382 --> 00:15:35,912
1476an intelligence that
1477plans and superintends
1478
1479322
148000:15:35,943 --> 00:15:38,717
1481and brings in to existence reality.
1482
1483323
148400:15:38,795 --> 00:15:42,295
1485Events are happening at
1486a much more recent time scale.
1487
1488324
148900:15:42,499 --> 00:15:44,742
1490The universe,
1491the solar system,
1492
1493325
149400:15:44,781 --> 00:15:46,586
1495our planet,
1496life itself,
1497
1498326
149900:15:46,626 --> 00:15:50,756
1500all of that begins fully formed
1501as a functioning system.
1502
1503327
150400:15:50,842 --> 00:15:52,842
1505It's not hard to see
1506
1507328
150800:15:52,215 --> 00:15:54,800
1509there is a radical difference
1510between those two
1511
1512329
151300:15:54,857 --> 00:15:57,053
1514in terms of time.
1515
1516330
151700:15:57,123 --> 00:16:00,123
1518When we look at the history
1519of life on this planet,
1520
1521331
152200:15:59,662 --> 00:16:01,662
1523we got a body of data.
1524
1525332
152600:16:01,373 --> 00:16:03,943
1527But depending on the paradigm
1528that one adopts,
1529
1530333
153100:16:03,967 --> 00:16:07,193
1532that data will be interpreted
1533in very different ways.
1534
1535334
153600:16:07,322 --> 00:16:09,857
1537It seems that one paradigm is
1538
1539335
154000:16:09,882 --> 00:16:11,975
1541drawing on a history that was
1542
1543336
154400:16:12,000 --> 00:16:13,803
1545- given to us?
1546- Yes.
1547
1548337
154900:16:13,959 --> 00:16:17,818
1550And another paradigm is
1551constructing that history.
1552
1553338
155400:16:17,843 --> 00:16:19,843
1555Is that how you see that?
1556
1557339
155800:16:18,953 --> 00:16:21,045
1559We have a witness to those events.
1560
1561340
156200:16:21,108 --> 00:16:23,615
1563And that witness is telling us...
1564
1565341
156600:16:23,662 --> 00:16:24,896
1567this is what happened
1568
1569342
157000:16:24,921 --> 00:16:27,115
1571and we have to take that
1572into consideration
1573
1574343
157500:16:27,148 --> 00:16:29,064
1576when we evaluate the data.
1577
1578344
157900:16:29,209 --> 00:16:32,084
1580Well, Paul, the,
1581the reason has become s...
1582
1583345
158400:16:32,155 --> 00:16:33,463
1585serious.
1586
1587346
158800:16:33,502 --> 00:16:37,445
1589As we're not talking
1590about a history of just...
1591
1592347
159300:16:37,492 --> 00:16:39,593
1594boiling water at
1595a certain temperature.
1596
1597348
159800:16:39,618 --> 00:16:41,992
1599- Right.
1600- We're talking about a history...
1601
1602349
160300:16:42,130 --> 00:16:45,136
1604that deals with the origin
1605of the universe;
1606
1607350
160800:16:45,207 --> 00:16:47,753
1609it deals with the origin of life,
1610
1611351
161200:16:47,800 --> 00:16:49,831
1613the origin of humanity,
1614
1615352
161600:16:49,902 --> 00:16:53,902
1617the origin of sin and
1618why there is evil in the world,
1619
1620353
162100:16:53,173 --> 00:16:55,869
1622the origin of geological formations
1623
1624354
162500:16:55,894 --> 00:16:57,894
1626- that we have around us,
1627- Yeah.
1628
1629355
163000:16:57,556 --> 00:16:58,884
1631the origin of language.
1632
1633356
163400:16:58,923 --> 00:17:02,376
1635I mean, this is a history
1636that is not minor.
1637
1638357
163900:17:02,447 --> 00:17:03,625
1640- Yeah.
1641- This is dealing with
1642
1643358
164400:17:03,650 --> 00:17:06,073
1645major, major elements of humanity
1646
1647359
164800:17:06,104 --> 00:17:08,104
1649- and where we are today.
1650- Yeah.
1651
1652360
165300:17:07,472 --> 00:17:10,620
1654You're talking about the origins
1655of literally everything.
1656
1657361
165800:17:10,698 --> 00:17:13,698
1659And I think,
1660if we zoom out from that
1661
1662362
166300:17:12,818 --> 00:17:15,060
1664and say, well,
1665"what really is the difference
1666
1667363
166800:17:15,099 --> 00:17:16,732
1669between these two paradigms?"
1670
1671364
167200:17:16,763 --> 00:17:18,763
1673It isn't a question of...
1674
1675365
167600:17:18,105 --> 00:17:21,359
1677science on the one hand
1678versus religion on the other.
1679
1680366
168100:17:21,453 --> 00:17:23,632
1682Because both of them are scientific
1683
1684367
168500:17:23,663 --> 00:17:26,781
1686in the sense of looking at
1687the common body of data.
1688
1689368
169000:17:26,890 --> 00:17:28,709
1691Really, at the deepest level,
1692
1693369
169400:17:28,741 --> 00:17:32,280
1695the difference is two
1696competing views of history.
1697
1698370
169900:17:32,397 --> 00:17:36,069
1700What is the true history
1701of our cosmos?
1702
1703371
170400:17:36,678 --> 00:17:38,842
1705That does seem
1706to be the real question.
1707
1708372
170900:17:38,904 --> 00:17:40,592
1710What is our true history?
1711
1712373
171300:17:40,640 --> 00:17:42,561
1714What actually happened?
1715
1716374
171700:17:42,706 --> 00:17:45,709
1718The conflict is not between
1719two views of science,
1720
1721375
172200:17:45,755 --> 00:17:48,584
1723but between two competing views of history.
1724
1725376
172600:17:48,784 --> 00:17:50,784
1727Since Genesis was written in Hebrew,
1728
1729377
173000:17:50,633 --> 00:17:53,069
1731I wanted to talk to Hebrew expert.
1732
1733378
173400:17:53,140 --> 00:17:56,280
1735What was actually
1736in the original text?
1737
1738379
173900:18:04,861 --> 00:18:08,221
1740The first word in Genesis is "Braichit".
1741
1742380
174300:18:08,246 --> 00:18:09,278
1744Braichit uh, uh.
1745
1746381
174700:18:09,312 --> 00:18:12,853
1748Genesis 1:1 is Braichit...
1749
1750382
175100:18:12,892 --> 00:18:16,892
1752So, this is the beginning
1753of the Toledot of uh, of Noah.
1754
1755383
175600:18:16,181 --> 00:18:19,181
1757Just think that word Toledot
1758is a very interesting word.
1759
1760384
176100:18:18,747 --> 00:18:20,613
1762Translated, sometimes, as "genealogy".
1763
1764385
176500:18:20,637 --> 00:18:22,630
1766Sometimes, it's translated "history".
1767
1768386
176900:18:22,761 --> 00:18:24,410
1770And what follows then...
1771
1772387
177300:18:24,480 --> 00:18:26,488
1774- is the account of the Flood.
1775- Uh-huh.
1776
1777388
177800:18:26,566 --> 00:18:28,005
1779Steve, it seems that...
1780
1781389
178200:18:28,036 --> 00:18:31,381
1783there is a lot of
1784history in the Bible.
1785
1786390
178700:18:31,466 --> 00:18:33,466
1788Is that how you see it?
1789Is...
1790
1791391
179200:18:32,915 --> 00:18:33,960
1793Oh, absolutely.
1794
1795392
179600:18:34,007 --> 00:18:38,007
1797In, in fact, the first thing is,
1798it is an accurate historical account.
1799
1800393
180100:18:37,509 --> 00:18:38,531
1802Uh-huh.
1803
1804394
180500:18:38,570 --> 00:18:42,218
1806The presentation is such uh,
1807in, in the perspective of writers...
1808
1809395
181000:18:42,243 --> 00:18:45,651
1811that they believe they were
1812talking about real events.
1813
1814396
181500:18:45,683 --> 00:18:48,683
1816- Okay. In...
1817- It's very, it's very obvious that...
1818
1819397
182000:18:48,112 --> 00:18:50,112
1821because of the way in which...
1822
1823398
182400:18:49,847 --> 00:18:53,214
1825uh, they insisted
1826the next generation learn...
1827
1828399
182900:18:53,245 --> 00:18:55,245
1830- you know, learn their history.
1831- Uh-huh.
1832
1833400
183400:18:55,035 --> 00:18:58,292
1835When you look at these
1836early chapters in Genesis,
1837
1838401
183900:18:58,347 --> 00:18:59,448
1840what do you see?
1841
1842402
184300:18:59,479 --> 00:19:01,479
1844Can you take us through this?
1845
1846403
184700:19:01,112 --> 00:19:02,136
1848It starts with:
1849
1850404
185100:19:02,161 --> 00:19:05,161
1852In the beginning God created
1853the heaven and the earth.
1854
1855405
185600:19:04,284 --> 00:19:07,284
1857There's, there's no word
1858in the Hebrew for Universe.
1859
1860406
186100:19:06,821 --> 00:19:08,268
1862This means,
1863He created everything.
1864
1865407
186600:19:08,300 --> 00:19:09,315
1867- Uh-huh.
1868- And then...
1869
1870408
187100:19:09,340 --> 00:19:12,340
1872the next thing we find
1873in Genesis 1:2...
1874
1875409
187600:19:11,745 --> 00:19:13,745
1877uh, we, we find a waterball...
1878
1879410
188000:19:13,776 --> 00:19:16,034
1881- that is in space.
1882- Uh-huh.
1883
1884411
188500:19:16,065 --> 00:19:19,573
1886God, in the subsequent days,
1887is going to fill that universe.
1888
1889412
189000:19:19,604 --> 00:19:21,745
1891You're talking about days here.
1892
1893413
189400:19:21,820 --> 00:19:23,820
1895Do you see these as literal days?
1896
1897414
189800:19:23,723 --> 00:19:25,723
1899Is that what the text is telling us?
1900
1901415
190200:19:25,583 --> 00:19:27,667
1903Or, you know what
1904other people think,
1905
1906416
190700:19:27,692 --> 00:19:29,729
1908that this, this is just a poetic
1909
1910417
191100:19:29,761 --> 00:19:33,761
1912- uh, different point of view?
1913- Well, first of all, it's not poetry.
1914
1915418
191600:19:32,122 --> 00:19:36,290
1917The world greatest Hebraists
1918all affirm that this is the narrative.
1919
1920419
192100:19:36,326 --> 00:19:37,351
1922Uh-huh.
1923
1924420
192500:19:37,376 --> 00:19:41,376
1926Uh, and uh, they, they say that,
1927that one of the unique features...
1928
1929421
193000:19:41,046 --> 00:19:43,633
1931of, of the Genesis account...
1932
1933422
193400:19:43,688 --> 00:19:45,314
1935of creation...
1936
1937423
193800:19:45,345 --> 00:19:46,353
1939and the Flood,
1940
1941424
194200:19:46,384 --> 00:19:47,519
1943is that they are narratives.
1944
1945425
194600:19:47,544 --> 00:19:49,097
1947Because the ancient Near East,
1948
1949426
195000:19:49,126 --> 00:19:51,243
1951they are done in epic poetry.
1952
1953427
195400:19:51,268 --> 00:19:52,548
1955Which is very different.
1956
1957428
195800:19:52,595 --> 00:19:53,933
1959And here we have...
1960
1961429
196200:19:54,019 --> 00:19:57,254
1963a narrative to indicate
1964that this is historical.
1965
1966430
196700:19:57,415 --> 00:20:01,230
1968What that means is that the,
1969you should understand the words...
1970
1971431
197200:20:01,277 --> 00:20:05,277
1973the what, the normal way in which
1974these Hebrew words were understood.
1975
1976432
197700:20:04,372 --> 00:20:05,394
1978The word "yom",...
1979
1980433
198100:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,628
1982it means "day".
1983
1984434
198500:20:07,757 --> 00:20:09,757
1986Uh, the foundation of its usage...
1987
1988435
198900:20:09,785 --> 00:20:11,785
1990is what we mean by a day.
1991
1992436
199300:20:11,386 --> 00:20:13,386
1994It's a 24-hour day.
1995
1996437
199700:20:13,026 --> 00:20:18,026
1998The only way you'd want it to mean
1999a long, longer period of time...
2000
2001438
200200:20:15,833 --> 00:20:17,933
2003is if, as if you impose...
2004
2005439
200600:20:17,996 --> 00:20:20,870
2007an alien uh, concept...
2008
2009440
201000:20:20,928 --> 00:20:22,116
2011- to the text.
2012- Uh-huh.
2013
2014441
201500:20:22,154 --> 00:20:25,569
2016And say, well, I think that,
2017that these are ages.
2018
2019442
202000:20:25,639 --> 00:20:27,639
2021And therefore,
2022"yom" has to mean ages.
2023
2024443
202500:20:27,565 --> 00:20:30,565
2026What you have to do
2027is start with the text.
2028
2029444
203000:20:29,496 --> 00:20:30,151
2031Yeah.
2032
2033445
203400:20:30,182 --> 00:20:33,182
2035If we start with the text,
2036"yom" means day.
2037
2038446
203900:20:32,486 --> 00:20:34,176
2040So when we come to...
2041
2042447
204300:20:34,231 --> 00:20:37,950
2044uh, the passage that
2045talks about the creation of...
2046
2047448
204800:20:38,019 --> 00:20:40,308
2049- of Adam and Eve,
2050- Uh-huh, yeah.
2051
2052449
205300:20:40,332 --> 00:20:44,553
2054um, you're seeing that
2055as a clear historical event...
2056
2057450
205800:20:44,578 --> 00:20:46,578
2059which would stand
2060in direct opposition
2061
2062451
206300:20:46,500 --> 00:20:49,500
2064to the conventional paradigm
2065that, that man evolved off
2066
2067452
206800:20:49,459 --> 00:20:51,947
2069of a long, long process.
2070
2071453
207200:20:52,154 --> 00:20:53,830
2073The biblical text...
2074
2075454
207600:20:53,979 --> 00:20:56,033
2077is not compatible...
2078
2079455
208000:20:56,081 --> 00:20:57,385
2081- with the standard...
2082- Hmm.
2083
2084456
208500:20:57,424 --> 00:20:59,268
2086uh, the conventional paradigm.
2087
2088457
208900:20:59,487 --> 00:21:03,117
2090The Bible teaches us that
2091the Lord God formed man.
2092
2093458
209400:21:03,161 --> 00:21:05,611
2095Artistically breeding
2096in the breath of life,
2097
2098459
209900:21:05,642 --> 00:21:07,049
2100created man in His image.
2101
2102460
210300:21:07,108 --> 00:21:09,108
2104And then, of course,
2105woman is created.
2106
2107461
210800:21:09,007 --> 00:21:10,119
2109We have marriage.
2110
2111462
211200:21:10,154 --> 00:21:11,588
2113Uh, we have the fall.
2114
2115463
211600:21:11,730 --> 00:21:14,932
2117And then in Noah genealogy,
2118we have the entire Flood account.
2119
2120464
212100:21:15,021 --> 00:21:17,021
2122And the Flood,
2123is it a global flood?
2124
2125465
212600:21:16,775 --> 00:21:17,775
2127Well, I mean...
2128
2129466
213000:21:17,618 --> 00:21:21,618
2131I don't know how many times,
2132I think, 35 times or so,
2133
2134467
213500:21:20,056 --> 00:21:23,174
2136the word "kol", which is "all",
2137occurs in the Flood narrative.
2138
2139468
214000:21:23,275 --> 00:21:25,354
2141Uh, if this is a judgment on mankind,
2142
2143469
214400:21:25,408 --> 00:21:27,408
2145then it has to be global.
2146
2147470
214800:21:27,275 --> 00:21:28,949
2149We continue through these...
2150
2151471
215200:21:28,980 --> 00:21:31,980
2153first eleven chapters of Genesis,
2154we come to chapter ten,...
2155
2156472
215700:21:31,910 --> 00:21:34,910
2158which is called, which is called
2159the table of nations,
2160
2161473
216200:21:34,334 --> 00:21:36,334
2163which are the sons of Noah.
2164
2165474
216600:21:35,818 --> 00:21:37,818
2167Uh, it mentions in that chapter...
2168
2169475
217000:21:37,695 --> 00:21:41,216
2171that the people are in their
2172different nations and their languages.
2173
2174476
217500:21:41,246 --> 00:21:44,246
2176So Moses goes back
2177in Genesis 11:1 thru 9...
2178
2179477
218000:21:44,153 --> 00:21:46,943
2181and explains how
2182the languages ​​develop.
2183
2184478
218500:21:47,019 --> 00:21:50,285
2186And so we come to
2187the Toledot of Terah.
2188
2189479
219000:21:50,359 --> 00:21:54,359
2191Uh, and the Toledot of Terah
2192is not going to be about Terah.
2193
2194480
219500:21:53,954 --> 00:21:56,954
2196It's going to be about
2197his famous son,...
2198
2199481
220000:21:56,733 --> 00:21:58,052
2201- Abraham.
2202- Uh-huh.
2203
2204482
220500:21:58,130 --> 00:22:00,756
2206It just seems so apparent that...
2207
2208483
220900:22:00,803 --> 00:22:02,803
2210that there is,
2211there is no disconnect
2212
2213484
221400:22:02,602 --> 00:22:06,602
2215between all of that and everything
2216that we see in the beginning.
2217
2218485
221900:22:05,233 --> 00:22:10,225
2220It's, it's, it's just one long
2221historical narrative, is it not?
2222
2223486
222400:22:10,264 --> 00:22:12,264
2225It, it is.
2226As a matter of fact,
2227
2228487
222900:22:11,826 --> 00:22:14,654
2230the ge, the genealogy
2231form the structure,
2232
2233488
223400:22:14,722 --> 00:22:16,217
2235uh, not just for Genesis,
2236
2237489
223800:22:16,264 --> 00:22:19,264
2239but the, the narratives are
2240embedded in the genealogies.
2241
2242490
224300:22:18,765 --> 00:22:21,765
2244The genealogies are picked up
2245and actually call the Toledot...
2246
2247491
224800:22:21,720 --> 00:22:22,795
2249in the book of Ruth...
2250
2251492
225200:22:22,858 --> 00:22:26,155
2253to establish that David is
2254a descendant of Judah.
2255
2256493
225700:22:26,209 --> 00:22:29,158
2258Which is required by Jacob prophecy.
2259
2260494
226100:22:29,254 --> 00:22:32,254
2262And then we move in
2263to the New Testament...
2264
2265495
226600:22:31,472 --> 00:22:33,572
2267How is the pedigree of Jesus established?
2268
2269496
227000:22:33,597 --> 00:22:35,134
2271With, with two genealogies:
2272
2273497
227400:22:35,197 --> 00:22:38,244
2275One going back
2276through, uh, Mary's line...
2277
2278498
227900:22:38,302 --> 00:22:40,302
2280all the way back to Adam.
2281
2282499
228300:22:40,062 --> 00:22:44,062
2284Steve, in the light of all this
2285that we, that we have seen,
2286
2287500
228800:22:43,379 --> 00:22:47,669
2289um, how important is
2290the historical narrative
2291
2292501
229300:22:47,710 --> 00:22:49,342
2294that we find throughout Genesis,
2295
2296502
229700:22:49,373 --> 00:22:52,513
2298including all of the, uh,
2299the generations that are led up?
2300
2301503
230200:22:52,540 --> 00:22:56,647
2303How important is that to Christianity?
2304
2305504
230600:22:57,101 --> 00:23:00,064
2307It shows that Christianity
2308has a historical basis.
2309
2310505
231100:23:00,103 --> 00:23:02,103
2312It's what the Scriptures say
2313
2314506
231500:23:01,354 --> 00:23:05,517
2316and the scriptures represent
2317actual historical, uh, data.
2318
2319507
232000:23:05,573 --> 00:23:09,393
2321So Christianity is,
2322is not a leap in the dark.
2323
2324508
232500:23:09,473 --> 00:23:14,299
2326It is an understanding that has
2327very strong historical bases,...
2328
2329509
233000:23:14,482 --> 00:23:18,190
2331and that our Savior
2332is also our Creator.
2333
2334510
233500:23:19,746 --> 00:23:22,823
2336These genealogies are
2337incredibly important.
2338
2339511
234000:23:22,941 --> 00:23:25,372
2341If Jesus is descended from Adam,
2342
2343512
234400:23:25,430 --> 00:23:28,430
2345and Adam was created
2346on the sixth day of creation,
2347
2348513
234900:23:28,350 --> 00:23:30,854
2350then the Earth can't be very old.
2351
2352514
235300:23:30,975 --> 00:23:33,975
2354So where do the millions
2355of years come from?
2356
2357515
235800:23:34,666 --> 00:23:36,666
2359I met a geologist at a place
2360
2361516
236200:23:36,471 --> 00:23:39,549
2363where he said we could
2364understand this better.
2365
2366517
236700:23:45,260 --> 00:23:46,269
2368You see there...
2369
2370518
237100:23:46,301 --> 00:23:48,598
2372- the quietness expands?
2373- Yup.
2374
2375519
237600:23:48,652 --> 00:23:50,956
2377Nothing to disturb you.
2378
2379520
238000:23:51,631 --> 00:23:55,631
2381Yet you got the reminder that
2382there was an explosive in the past.
2383
2384521
238500:23:55,348 --> 00:23:58,668
2386There was a volcano back here,
2387the cinder cone volcano.
2388
2389522
239000:23:58,802 --> 00:24:00,802
2391And it built steps this lava flow
2392
2393523
239400:24:00,818 --> 00:24:03,309
2395that spilled out
2396across this country side.
2397
2398524
239900:24:03,450 --> 00:24:06,012
2400Just a huge amount of,
2401of basaltic lava.
2402
2403525
240400:24:06,037 --> 00:24:08,375
2405Yeah, but it's actually small, uh,
2406
2407526
240800:24:08,441 --> 00:24:11,711
2409compared to the lava flows
2410that we see in many places.
2411
2412527
241300:24:11,776 --> 00:24:15,776
2414And there're, there're some like
2415thousand of these volcanoes around here.
2416
2417528
241800:24:15,663 --> 00:24:17,663
2419And the little one
2420behind us here,...
2421
2422529
242300:24:17,214 --> 00:24:19,288
2424we call that a cinder cone volcano.
2425
2426530
242700:24:19,313 --> 00:24:22,313
2428- You call that "a little one"?
2429- Yeah, well, it is.
2430
2431531
243200:24:21,548 --> 00:24:23,548
2433I mean, these volcanoes are small.
2434
2435532
243600:24:23,364 --> 00:24:26,612
2437Mount St. Helens in 1980
2438when it erupted, ok?
2439
2440533
244100:24:26,663 --> 00:24:30,663
2442The top two and a half thousand feet
2443of the volcano blew off,
2444
2445534
244600:24:29,693 --> 00:24:33,195
2447but that was small compared
2448to historical eruptions.
2449
2450535
245100:24:33,376 --> 00:24:35,448
2452We can go back a little further
2453
2454536
245500:24:35,473 --> 00:24:37,378
2456to the great Yellowstone eruption,
2457
2458537
245900:24:37,453 --> 00:24:40,737
2460and some of the volcanic ash
2461was down in Texas.
2462
2463538
246400:24:40,777 --> 00:24:42,605
2465It blew that far away.
2466
2467539
246800:24:42,680 --> 00:24:45,792
2469You think about
2470lava flows in India...
2471
2472540
247300:24:45,927 --> 00:24:49,497
2474where you have an accumulation
2475up about to a thousand feet...
2476
2477541
247800:24:49,528 --> 00:24:52,528
2479over an area a third
2480of the size of the...
2481
2482542
248300:24:52,411 --> 00:24:54,339
2484subcontinent of India.
2485
2486543
248700:24:54,514 --> 00:24:57,514
2488What we see in the present
2489is really only...
2490
2491544
249200:24:57,558 --> 00:25:01,558
2493a, a minuscule by comparison
2494to what we've seen in the past.
2495
2496545
249700:25:01,083 --> 00:25:04,354
2498And that's telling us something
2499about the historic past.
2500
2501546
250200:25:04,467 --> 00:25:09,724
2503We can't use present day rates
2504of these processes to understand...
2505
2506547
250700:25:09,771 --> 00:25:13,820
2508how quickly and how majestically,
2509in terms of scale,...
2510
2511548
251200:25:13,867 --> 00:25:16,203
2513the geological record accumulated.
2514
2515549
251600:25:16,335 --> 00:25:19,340
2517Well, that is the point
2518that has brought me to you.
2519
2520550
252100:25:19,372 --> 00:25:20,372
2522- Because,
2523- Uh-huh.
2524
2525551
252600:25:20,184 --> 00:25:23,184
2527how do we determine
2528the age of these rocks?
2529
2530552
253100:25:23,164 --> 00:25:24,659
2532Well, the important...
2533
2534553
253500:25:24,676 --> 00:25:28,121
2536first thing is to recognize
2537that this lava flow is uh,
2538
2539554
254000:25:28,176 --> 00:25:30,176
2541in a sense,
2542an instant in time.
2543
2544555
254500:25:29,685 --> 00:25:30,826
2546It's an event.
2547
2548556
254900:25:30,978 --> 00:25:32,832
2550And when that's molten,...
2551
2552557
255300:25:32,926 --> 00:25:34,926
2554you got all the different elements
2555
2556558
255700:25:34,551 --> 00:25:37,551
2558that uh, uh, come out
2559of the volcano all mixed up.
2560
2561559
256200:25:37,474 --> 00:25:39,592
2563And the rock starts to crystallize.
2564
2565560
256600:25:39,682 --> 00:25:42,295
2567Any of those atoms
2568that are radioactive,...
2569
2570561
257100:25:42,409 --> 00:25:44,490
2572they now start to accumulate...
2573
2574562
257500:25:44,552 --> 00:25:47,552
2576what we call "the daughter products",
2577the decay products.
2578
2579563
258000:25:47,534 --> 00:25:51,786
2581Now, the point is that,
2582that this rate of decay is so slow...
2583
2584564
258500:25:51,827 --> 00:25:53,827
2586when we measure in the present...
2587
2588565
258900:25:53,757 --> 00:25:56,757
2590that uh, you know,
2591it takes millions of years...
2592
2593566
259400:25:56,827 --> 00:25:59,829
2595for parent atoms to decay
2596to daughter atoms.
2597
2598567
259900:25:59,854 --> 00:26:03,854
2600And so, that's ultimately where
2601the millions of years come from.
2602
2603568
260400:26:02,893 --> 00:26:06,087
2605The fact that the decay rates
2606in the present are slow.
2607
2608569
260900:26:06,164 --> 00:26:08,164
2610But we would say
2611that the present...
2612
2613570
261400:26:07,861 --> 00:26:09,992
2615is not really the key to the past,
2616
2617571
261800:26:10,017 --> 00:26:11,423
2619because, obviously,...
2620
2621572
262200:26:11,480 --> 00:26:14,535
2623the past holds
2624some massive, massive
2625
2626573
262700:26:14,559 --> 00:26:16,121
2628- catastrophic events...
2629- Right.
2630
2631574
263200:26:16,152 --> 00:26:18,152
2633that are not going on today.
2634
2635575
263600:26:17,339 --> 00:26:19,339
2637In fact, the Bible would say that
2638
2639576
264000:26:18,607 --> 00:26:21,607
2641- the past is the key to the present.
2642- Mmm.
2643
2644577
264500:26:20,450 --> 00:26:24,450
2646If you want us, want to understand
2647why the way the world is today,...
2648
2649578
265000:26:23,506 --> 00:26:26,506
2651you got to understand
2652what happened in the past.
2653
2654579
265500:26:26,024 --> 00:26:28,024
2656So we got lots of hints...
2657
2658580
265900:26:27,804 --> 00:26:32,382
2660that geological processes haven't been
2661at constant rates through time.
2662
2663581
266400:26:32,465 --> 00:26:34,218
2665And we have other hints...
2666
2667582
266800:26:34,303 --> 00:26:37,554
2669that the, the decay rates
2670might not have been constant.
2671
2672583
267300:26:37,808 --> 00:26:41,259
2674So we've taken rock samples
2675from a number of places.
2676
2677584
267800:26:41,311 --> 00:26:45,311
2679Lots of samples in the Grand Canyon,
2680in each of these rock layers.
2681
2682585
268300:26:44,786 --> 00:26:46,786
2684I've done it in New Zealand.
2685
2686586
268700:26:46,431 --> 00:26:49,431
2688We've done in other parts of the world.
2689
2690587
269100:26:48,641 --> 00:26:51,259
2692And what we've done is
2693we submitted...
2694
2695588
269600:26:51,377 --> 00:26:53,103
2697the same samples...
2698
2699589
270000:26:53,155 --> 00:26:55,556
2701to more than one
2702of these dating methods.
2703
2704590
270500:26:55,616 --> 00:26:57,616
2706And so,
2707what we found is
2708
2709591
271000:26:57,162 --> 00:27:00,162
2711on the same samples
2712with more than one method,
2713
2714592
271500:26:59,490 --> 00:27:01,490
2716we were getting ages
2717that were different
2718
2719593
272000:27:01,328 --> 00:27:03,328
2721by hundreds of millions of years,
2722
2723594
272400:27:02,733 --> 00:27:03,459
2725- even...
2726- Hmm.
2727
2728595
272900:27:03,486 --> 00:27:05,860
2730even a billion years
2731in some instances.
2732
2733596
273400:27:06,045 --> 00:27:10,304
2735We're seeing huge differences
2736by using different, different methods.
2737
2738597
273900:27:10,336 --> 00:27:13,765
2740Well, if, if, if there is
2741that kind of difference
2742
2743598
274400:27:13,790 --> 00:27:16,281
2745between all of these
2746dating method, methods...
2747
2748599
274900:27:16,357 --> 00:27:18,357
2750then that would seems
2751to confirm the fact
2752
2753600
275400:27:18,308 --> 00:27:20,308
2755that we have
2756an open system here,
2757
2758601
275900:27:20,165 --> 00:27:21,165
2760- Correct.
2761- not closed one.
2762
2763602
276400:27:21,018 --> 00:27:23,018
2765And if we have an open system,
2766
2767603
276800:27:22,750 --> 00:27:24,750
2769that means,
2770we can't trust it...
2771
2772604
277300:27:24,646 --> 00:27:27,289
2774uh, to give us
2775dependable dates...
2776
2777605
277800:27:27,375 --> 00:27:28,890
2779for, for those rocks.
2780
2781606
278200:27:28,929 --> 00:27:32,929
2783And that changes the whole thinking
2784about the history of the Earth.
2785
2786607
278700:27:32,421 --> 00:27:34,296
2788Because suddenly now,
2789
2790608
279100:27:34,339 --> 00:27:37,225
2792these, these radioactive
2793clocks are not reliable.
2794
2795609
279600:27:37,275 --> 00:27:40,554
2797Uh, we got evidence that
2798rates were faster in the past.
2799
2800610
280100:27:40,613 --> 00:27:44,613
2802Suddenly, we, we might not be
2803thinking in terms of millions of years.
2804
2805611
280600:27:44,369 --> 00:27:47,369
2807We might be thinking
2808in terms of a history...
2809
2810612
281100:27:46,616 --> 00:27:48,616
2812that is much more
2813much shorter.
2814
2815613
281600:27:48,730 --> 00:27:51,921
2817But you were saying that
2818this kind of evidence...
2819
2820614
282100:27:51,975 --> 00:27:54,600
2822uh, is in the open literature now.
2823
2824615
282500:27:54,625 --> 00:27:55,632
2826Yes, yes.
2827
2828616
282900:27:55,679 --> 00:27:57,679
2830Why, why is it not making impact?
2831
2832617
283300:27:57,692 --> 00:27:59,692
2834Well, I, I, I've been asked that
2835
2836618
283700:27:59,493 --> 00:28:02,499
2838when I've spoken in universities'
2839geology departments.
2840
2841619
284200:28:02,575 --> 00:28:04,436
2843And the answer is: Because...
2844
2845620
284600:28:04,468 --> 00:28:07,468
2847there is a commitment
2848to the millions of years.
2849
2850621
285100:28:07,444 --> 00:28:11,093
2852And so, once people
2853get lock in to that focus...
2854
2855622
285600:28:11,186 --> 00:28:13,507
2857anything outside
2858their field of view that...
2859
2860623
286100:28:13,558 --> 00:28:15,452
2862conflicts with that focus...
2863
2864624
286500:28:15,562 --> 00:28:17,898
2866uh, is, is marginalized.
2867
2868625
286900:28:17,944 --> 00:28:20,944
2870And the reason why
2871the millions of years are important,
2872
2873626
287400:28:20,981 --> 00:28:25,046
2875If, if, if we go back in history
2876of, of scientific thought,
2877
2878627
287900:28:25,154 --> 00:28:27,061
2880Charles Lyell in England...
2881
2882628
288300:28:27,117 --> 00:28:31,343
2884proposed millions of years and
2885they multiplied the ages for the rocks.
2886
2887629
288800:28:31,499 --> 00:28:35,108
2889And that was the foundation
2890on which Charles Darwin built.
2891
2892630
289300:28:35,153 --> 00:28:37,382
2894In fact, he read Charles Lyell's book...
2895
2896631
289700:28:37,452 --> 00:28:40,912
2898and was convinced of the millions
2899of years of geological evolution,
2900
2901632
290200:28:40,937 --> 00:28:43,694
2903so he could say,
2904now given enough time...
2905
2906633
290700:28:43,741 --> 00:28:45,741
2908what we now see
2909happening in the present,
2910
2911634
291200:28:45,581 --> 00:28:48,581
2913we might not only see
2914small changes in the present,
2915
2916635
291700:28:47,815 --> 00:28:49,127
2918given millions of years,
2919
2920636
292100:28:49,166 --> 00:28:52,166
2922the small changes can
2923add up to big changes.
2924
2925637
292600:28:51,685 --> 00:28:56,685
2927And so, if you want to have a way
2928of looking at the hist of history...
2929
2930638
293100:28:55,597 --> 00:28:58,597
2932that uh, says that
2933we got here by chance,
2934
2935639
293600:28:58,408 --> 00:29:01,019
2937random processes
2938over millions of years,...
2939
2940640
294100:29:01,051 --> 00:29:05,051
2942then you got to have rocks
2943that are millions of years old.
2944
2945641
294600:29:03,402 --> 00:29:05,494
2947Otherwise, you'd
2948undermine that whole...
2949
2950642
295100:29:05,541 --> 00:29:08,541
2952that whole foundation
2953of that view of the history.
2954
2955643
295600:29:08,464 --> 00:29:11,106
2957So time becomes
2958the critical element
2959
2960644
296100:29:11,139 --> 00:29:12,560
2962- Yes.
2963- for the conventional paradigm,
2964
2965645
296600:29:12,591 --> 00:29:16,356
2967- Exactly.
2968- and that time has to be a deep time.
2969
2970646
297100:29:18,193 --> 00:29:20,913
2972Andrew said when
2973you study the rock formations,
2974
2975647
297600:29:20,989 --> 00:29:25,826
2977they show evidence of a young earth
2978transformed by a global catastrophe.
2979
2980648
298100:29:25,995 --> 00:29:29,995
2982So he took me south to Sedona
2983to see it for myself.
2984
2985649
298600:29:31,649 --> 00:29:33,850
2987The important thing
2988to note is that uh...
2989
2990650
299100:29:33,875 --> 00:29:37,155
2992this landscape is actually very stable.
2993
2994651
299500:29:37,320 --> 00:29:39,412
2996There was lots of erosion in the past...
2997
2998652
299900:29:39,444 --> 00:29:41,444
3000- Oh, yeah.
3001- to carve out this...
3002
3003653
300400:29:41,053 --> 00:29:42,514
3005- whole terrain.
3006- Uh-huh.
3007
3008654
300900:29:42,556 --> 00:29:43,983
3010But those cliffs...
3011
3012655
301300:29:44,061 --> 00:29:46,120
3014and, and the valley floor
3015are very stable,
3016
3017656
301800:29:46,144 --> 00:29:48,277
3019which is why you got
3020the vegetation.
3021
3022657
302300:29:48,349 --> 00:29:50,803
3024Today, everything is much,
3025much quieter.
3026
3027658
302800:29:50,908 --> 00:29:54,332
3029Today's processes are extremely slow.
3030
3031659
303200:29:54,455 --> 00:29:57,455
3033But they can't explain
3034how we got this erosion,
3035
3036660
303700:29:57,137 --> 00:29:58,418
3038how we got these layers,
3039
3040661
304100:29:58,457 --> 00:30:00,387
3042how we got these cliffs.
3043
3044662
304500:30:00,716 --> 00:30:02,082
3046Alright. So,...
3047
3048663
304900:30:02,121 --> 00:30:05,176
3050you wanted to come here
3051because you see evidence...
3052
3053664
305400:30:05,239 --> 00:30:07,019
3055uh, of a young Earth...
3056
3057665
305800:30:07,075 --> 00:30:09,075
3059uh, because of, of what's here.
3060
3061666
306200:30:08,997 --> 00:30:10,997
3063- What do you see?
3064- Yes. Well,...
3065
3066667
306700:30:10,551 --> 00:30:14,551
3068the first thing we've noticed
3069is the extent of these layers.
3070
3071668
307200:30:14,055 --> 00:30:16,055
3073It's like a stack of pancakes.
3074
3075669
307600:30:16,051 --> 00:30:17,918
3077For example, the red unit
3078
3079670
308000:30:17,965 --> 00:30:19,965
3081- that goes all the way across
3082- Uh-huh.
3083
3084671
308500:30:19,365 --> 00:30:20,527
3086our field of view,
3087
3088672
308900:30:20,582 --> 00:30:22,592
3090that's the Schnebly Hill Formation.
3091
3092673
309300:30:22,631 --> 00:30:23,717
3094And above that,
3095
3096674
309700:30:23,749 --> 00:30:25,749
3098you can see the first white unit,
3099
3100675
310100:30:25,724 --> 00:30:27,584
3102it's Coconino Sandstone.
3103
3104676
310500:30:27,630 --> 00:30:30,834
3106And above that, you got
3107the Toroweap at the horizon,
3108
3109677
311000:30:30,874 --> 00:30:32,802
3111you got the Kaibab limestone,
3112
3113678
311400:30:32,827 --> 00:30:35,827
3115which is the, the rim rock
3116of the Grand Canyon.
3117
3118679
311900:30:35,371 --> 00:30:37,371
3120And, you know,
3121here we are,...
3122
3123680
312400:30:37,116 --> 00:30:39,468
312570 more miles from
3126the Grand Canyon
3127
3128681
312900:30:39,493 --> 00:30:41,647
3130- and these layers are still here.
3131- Yeah.
3132
3133682
313400:30:41,789 --> 00:30:43,987
3135It's almost hard to imagine
3136
3137683
313800:30:44,035 --> 00:30:48,033
3139the volume of material
3140that that represents.
3141
3142684
314300:30:48,058 --> 00:30:48,830
3144Yes.
3145
3146685
314700:30:48,855 --> 00:30:50,761
3148Take the Coconino sandstone,
3149
3150686
315100:30:50,841 --> 00:30:52,841
3152We can trace it from here
3153
3154687
315500:30:52,594 --> 00:30:54,406
3156right across New Mexico,
3157
3158688
315900:30:54,437 --> 00:30:55,547
3160Colorado,
3161
3162689
316300:30:55,585 --> 00:30:58,920
3164right over towards Kansas
3165and Oklahoma, even in Texas.
3166
3167690
316800:30:58,945 --> 00:31:01,945
3169We're talking at least
3170200,000 square miles...
3171
3172691
317300:31:01,314 --> 00:31:03,314
3174- Mmm.
3175- for this one rock unit...
3176
3177692
317800:31:03,306 --> 00:31:06,392
3179that's consistant for miles
3180after miles after miles.
3181
3182693
318300:31:06,446 --> 00:31:09,446
3184That's not the scale
3185that we see today,
3186
3187694
318800:31:08,939 --> 00:31:10,892
3189with localized sedimentation.
3190
3191695
319200:31:10,964 --> 00:31:13,525
3193And to get a flat line like this...
3194
3195696
319600:31:13,580 --> 00:31:15,627
3197over such a large area,
3198
3199697
320000:31:15,690 --> 00:31:19,690
3201it's like you have to make
3202your pancake all at once
3203
3204698
320500:31:18,284 --> 00:31:19,744
3206- very rapidely.
3207- Uh-huh.
3208
3209699
321000:31:19,769 --> 00:31:23,672
3211And so, these layers show
3212evidence of rapid sedimentation,
3213
3214700
321500:31:23,731 --> 00:31:25,810
3216the, the extension of these layers.
3217
3218701
321900:31:25,912 --> 00:31:26,919
3220Well, Andrew,
3221
3222702
322300:31:26,959 --> 00:31:29,959
3224you, you were talking about
3225that red formation, but...
3226
3227703
322800:31:29,871 --> 00:31:31,871
3229that doesn't sound familiar to me.
3230
3231704
323200:31:31,484 --> 00:31:33,484
3233No, that's the Schnebly Hill Formation.
3234
3235705
323600:31:33,185 --> 00:31:35,185
3237That's not in the Grand Canyon.
3238
3239706
324000:31:35,108 --> 00:31:37,935
3241In the Grand Canyon,
3242we go from Coconino...
3243
3244707
324500:31:37,998 --> 00:31:39,639
3246into the Hermit formation.
3247
3248708
324900:31:39,695 --> 00:31:41,755
3250There's no face boundary,...
3251
3252709
325300:31:41,854 --> 00:31:44,802
3254and there's no evidence
3255of erosion there.
3256
3257710
325800:31:44,889 --> 00:31:48,443
3259Which means that the Hermit
3260formation was rapidly deposited...
3261
3262711
326300:31:48,507 --> 00:31:52,507
3264and then immediately the Coconino
3265that was deposited on top of it.
3266
3267712
326800:31:51,842 --> 00:31:52,920
3269But here,...
3270
3271713
327200:31:52,966 --> 00:31:55,701
3273we come 70 miles
3274from the Grand Canyon...
3275
3276714
327700:31:55,771 --> 00:31:58,959
3278and we got this Schnebly Hill
3279formation between...
3280
3281715
328200:31:59,005 --> 00:32:01,107
3283- the Coconino and the Hermit.
3284- Hmm.
3285
3286716
328700:32:01,176 --> 00:32:03,176
3288And, and this Schnebly Hill formation,
3289
3290717
329100:32:02,982 --> 00:32:05,022
3292800 to 1,000 feet thick,...
3293
3294718
329500:32:05,060 --> 00:32:08,304
3296over an area of a, a,
3297a 1,000 square miles,...
3298
3299719
330000:32:08,380 --> 00:32:10,804
3301had to have been formed very rapidly.
3302
3303720
330400:32:10,833 --> 00:32:13,389
3305If, if, if that took millions of years,
3306
3307721
330800:32:13,487 --> 00:32:16,487
3309we ought to see millions
3310of years of evidence
3311
3312722
331300:32:15,351 --> 00:32:17,351
3314- of millions of years of erosion
3315- Uh-huh.
3316
3317723
331800:32:16,705 --> 00:32:18,705
3319- back in the Grand Canyon
3320- Uh-huh.
3321
3322724
332300:32:18,228 --> 00:32:20,369
3324at that same boundary.
3325We don't.
3326
3327725
332800:32:20,466 --> 00:32:23,930
3329So that means that this Schnebly Hill
3330formation in this area...
3331
3332726
333300:32:23,973 --> 00:32:26,676
3334had to form in a matter of hours.
3335
3336727
333700:32:26,824 --> 00:32:30,824
3338So it told you that not only
3339there's lack of erosion
3340
3341728
334200:32:30,216 --> 00:32:32,442
3343but there's no time
3344between those boundaries.
3345
3346729
334700:32:32,473 --> 00:32:34,473
3348- So the whole sequence of layers
3349- Hhh.
3350
3351730
335200:32:34,443 --> 00:32:36,271
3353was very rapidly deposited.
3354
3355731
335600:32:36,395 --> 00:32:40,130
3357So we have this,
3358this large extent of layers.
3359
3360732
336100:32:40,161 --> 00:32:43,973
3362We have the lack of erosion
3363between the layers.
3364
3365733
336600:32:44,012 --> 00:32:46,012
3367What other evidence do you see?
3368
3369734
337000:32:45,966 --> 00:32:47,716
3371Well, if we look closely,
3372
3373735
337400:32:47,754 --> 00:32:50,091
3375for example,
3376the Coconino Sandstone,
3377
3378736
337900:32:50,204 --> 00:32:52,562
3380we see the bedding
3381that this bands within
3382
3383737
338400:32:52,593 --> 00:32:54,593
3385- that is, that is sloping.
3386- Hhh.
3387
3388738
338900:32:54,294 --> 00:32:56,187
3390We call those cross-beds.
3391
3392739
339300:32:56,249 --> 00:32:58,093
3394What they indicate is that
3395
3396740
339700:32:58,140 --> 00:33:00,171
3398you had underwater sand waves...
3399
3400741
340100:33:00,210 --> 00:33:01,515
3402were moving along.
3403
3404742
340500:33:01,577 --> 00:33:03,577
3406The comparison is in the desert.
3407
3408743
340900:33:03,517 --> 00:33:07,517
3410It is important to recognize that
3411there's a difference in the angle...
3412
3413744
341400:33:06,783 --> 00:33:07,976
3415in the desert dune.
3416
3417745
341800:33:08,001 --> 00:33:12,121
3419It is usually 30 to 34 degrees
3420of these, these sloping beds.
3421
3422746
342300:33:12,205 --> 00:33:15,380
3424Under water, it's usually
342525 degrees or less.
3426
3427747
342800:33:15,415 --> 00:33:17,426
3429And Dr. John Whitmore...
3430
3431748
343200:33:17,488 --> 00:33:21,012
3433has combed the hills
3434around here with his students...
3435
3436749
343700:33:21,059 --> 00:33:23,262
3438hundreds and hundreds
3439of measurements...
3440
3441750
344200:33:23,293 --> 00:33:25,028
3443of these cross-beds.
3444
3445751
344600:33:25,090 --> 00:33:27,215
3447And they all come
3448in the range of
3449
3450752
345100:33:27,254 --> 00:33:29,114
3452- 15 to 25 degrees.
3453- Hhh.
3454
3455753
345600:33:29,215 --> 00:33:31,457
3457So it was underwater deposition.
3458
3459754
346000:33:31,527 --> 00:33:34,248
3461And so, these layers
3462are accumulating
3463
3464755
346500:33:34,273 --> 00:33:36,857
3466in hours, weeks, and,
3467and within months,...
3468
3469756
347000:33:36,912 --> 00:33:39,600
3471you got this whole stack
3472of pancakes layers...
3473
3474757
347500:33:39,670 --> 00:33:41,170
3476over such wide areas.
3477
3478758
347900:33:41,216 --> 00:33:43,320
3480So it isn't difference in believing
3481
3482759
348300:33:43,351 --> 00:33:44,961
3484in those layers that exist.
3485
3486760
348700:33:44,986 --> 00:33:47,986
3488- Not at all.
3489- It's, it's the difference
3490
3491761
349200:33:46,663 --> 00:33:48,663
3493- of time, isn't it?
3494- Correct.
3495
3496762
349700:33:48,688 --> 00:33:51,871
3498It's not a question of
3499science versus the Bible.
3500
3501763
350200:33:51,925 --> 00:33:53,925
3503When we're talking about
3504the Flood paradigm
3505
3506764
350700:33:53,952 --> 00:33:55,523
3508and the conventional paradigm,
3509
3510765
351100:33:55,566 --> 00:33:58,205
3512we're actually talking
3513about two different views
3514
3515766
351600:33:58,230 --> 00:34:00,327
3517- of the Earth history.
3518- Uh-huh.
3519
3520767
352100:34:00,805 --> 00:34:03,570
3522Those views really are different.
3523
3524768
352500:34:03,827 --> 00:34:06,827
3526Of course, I grew up being taught
3527the conventional view
3528
3529769
353000:34:06,561 --> 00:34:10,234
3531with this long ages and
3532slow uniform changes.
3533
3534770
353500:34:10,297 --> 00:34:14,469
3536But what was the history
3537of the world according to Genesis?
3538
3539771
354000:34:24,935 --> 00:34:28,036
3541Kurt Wise took me from
3542one fascinating place to another,...
3543
3544772
354500:34:28,083 --> 00:34:30,341
3546showing me evidence of fossil forests,...
3547
3548773
354900:34:30,380 --> 00:34:32,927
3550explaining the rapid formation of coal,...
3551
3552774
355300:34:32,997 --> 00:34:37,351
3554and talking about the complex
3555design of biological systems.
3556
3557775
355800:34:37,460 --> 00:34:38,788
3559Everywhere we turned,
3560
3561776
356200:34:38,819 --> 00:34:42,616
3563he showed me something new
3564about the Earth and its history.
3565
3566777
356700:34:42,743 --> 00:34:47,017
3568We ended up at the entrance
3569to an old abandoned coal mine.
3570
3571778
357200:34:47,674 --> 00:34:49,680
3573This is leftover remain
3574
3575779
357600:34:49,705 --> 00:34:51,875
3577of the Dayton Coal and Iron Company,
3578
3579780
358000:34:51,900 --> 00:34:54,611
3581built about 100-110 years ago.
3582
3583781
358400:34:54,689 --> 00:34:56,254
3585What's amazing is uh,
3586
3587782
358800:34:56,279 --> 00:35:01,279
3589if, if you didn't know that history,
3590and if you look at these rocks,
3591
3592783
359300:34:59,799 --> 00:35:01,799
3594you would think
3595they were very ancient.
3596
3597784
359800:35:01,400 --> 00:35:03,400
3599In fact, if we were in Greece,
3600
3601785
360200:35:02,791 --> 00:35:05,791
3603you might think
3604they're thousands of years old.
3605
3606786
360700:35:04,987 --> 00:35:08,284
3608It's hard to tell just looking
3609at the structure itself.
3610
3611787
361200:35:08,464 --> 00:35:11,464
3613Well, Kurt, then I need
3614for you to do something,
3615
3616788
361700:35:11,216 --> 00:35:15,259
3618because I know that
3619the conventional paradigm...
3620
3621789
362200:35:15,284 --> 00:35:18,652
3623looks back in Earth history
3624as a straight line,...
3625
3626790
362700:35:18,745 --> 00:35:21,917
3628a lot of uniform processes
3629and so forth.
3630
3631791
363200:35:22,003 --> 00:35:25,114
3633But, the Genesis history
3634is telling us that...
3635
3636792
363700:35:25,153 --> 00:35:27,622
3638it's, it's not that uniform.
3639
3640793
364100:35:27,708 --> 00:35:29,708
3642Yes, that's a good point.
3643
3644794
364500:35:28,778 --> 00:35:30,583
3646In 2nd Peter chapter 3,
3647
3648795
364900:35:30,640 --> 00:35:31,726
3650it talks about
3651
3652796
365300:35:31,765 --> 00:35:33,765
3654people in the later days saying,
3655
3656797
365700:35:33,259 --> 00:35:35,259
3658"Where is the promise of His coming?
3659
3660798
366100:35:34,730 --> 00:35:36,730
3662For all the things continuing
3663as they were
3664
3665799
366600:35:36,540 --> 00:35:37,845
3667from the beginning of creation".
3668
3669800
367000:35:37,876 --> 00:35:39,876
3671- That concept that...
3672- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
3673
3674801
367500:35:39,478 --> 00:35:42,478
3676what you see in the present,
3677what's happening now,...
3678
3679802
368000:35:42,257 --> 00:35:44,257
3681what's happening
3682in the creek down below,
3683
3684803
368500:35:44,033 --> 00:35:47,033
3686what's happening in
3687every place on the Earth
3688
3689804
369000:35:45,876 --> 00:35:47,876
3691is the way
3692it has always been.
3693
3694805
369500:35:47,322 --> 00:35:50,322
3696It has always been
3697for all of Earth history.
3698
3699806
370000:35:49,574 --> 00:35:51,574
3701The passage goes on to say,
3702
3703807
370400:35:50,957 --> 00:35:52,486
3705"For this, they're willingly
3706
3707808
370800:35:52,511 --> 00:35:53,660
3709- ignorant.
3710- Uh-huh.
3711
3712809
371300:35:53,715 --> 00:35:56,463
3714They are not just ignorant
3715of these truths,
3716
3717810
371800:35:56,488 --> 00:35:59,074
3719they're purposely
3720rejecting these truths,
3721
3722811
372300:35:59,105 --> 00:36:01,302
3724and lists of the Creation...
3725
3726812
372700:36:01,365 --> 00:36:02,467
3728and the Flood.
3729
3730813
373100:36:02,529 --> 00:36:05,492
3732These are apparently events,
3733according to the Bible,
3734
3735814
373600:36:05,562 --> 00:36:07,562
3737that aren't like the present.
3738
3739815
374000:36:07,314 --> 00:36:07,992
3741Right.
3742
3743816
374400:36:08,017 --> 00:36:11,017
3745And the neat thing is
3746that's what we see here.
3747
3748817
374900:36:10,892 --> 00:36:14,361
3750That cliff isn't actually in place.
3751
3752818
375300:36:14,439 --> 00:36:17,769
3754That cliff, it belongs
3755about a 1,000 feet up.
3756
3757819
375800:36:17,810 --> 00:36:20,810
3759- It slid down to its current location.
3760- Uh-huh.
3761
3762820
376300:36:20,505 --> 00:36:23,505
3764- That's a pretty big bolder.
3765- That's huge.
3766
3767821
376800:36:22,311 --> 00:36:25,434
3769Okay now, now, what kind
3770of process in the present...
3771
3772822
377300:36:25,560 --> 00:36:28,235
3774slides blocks that big down?
3775
3776823
377700:36:28,279 --> 00:36:30,774
3778- This thing continues for a mile.
3779- Uh-huh.
3780
3781824
378200:36:30,890 --> 00:36:33,375
3783- Uh-huh.
3784- But inside those rocks...
3785
3786825
378700:36:33,416 --> 00:36:35,484
3788are yet, further evidence
3789of an event...
3790
3791826
379200:36:35,509 --> 00:36:37,556
3793before that,
3794it's even bigger,
3795
3796827
379700:36:37,612 --> 00:36:40,682
3798- even more unlike the present.
3799- Uh-huh.
3800
3801828
380200:36:40,814 --> 00:36:45,129
3803And then, inside those rocks,
3804are also fossils of a time period...
3805
3806829
380700:36:45,183 --> 00:36:48,183
3808- that's very different from the present.
3809- Uh-huh.
3810
3811830
381200:36:46,839 --> 00:36:48,839
3813So that, according to
3814the claim of Scripture
3815
3816831
381700:36:48,629 --> 00:36:50,629
3818and according to
3819my own experience...
3820
3821832
382200:36:50,433 --> 00:36:52,505
3823you can't use the present to...
3824
3825833
382600:36:52,583 --> 00:36:54,708
3827to judge the past,
3828to understand the past.
3829
3830834
383100:36:54,733 --> 00:36:58,733
3832But if you go all the way back
3833to the beginning, you'll realize...
3834
3835835
383600:36:57,380 --> 00:36:58,849
3837that the Bible lays out...
3838
3839836
384000:36:58,904 --> 00:37:01,390
3841what I would call
3842epochs of Earth history,
3843
3844837
384500:37:01,415 --> 00:37:03,415
3846- Major occurence of time?
3847- periods just,
3848
3849838
385000:37:02,859 --> 00:37:04,514
3851just different things happening
3852
3853839
385400:37:04,539 --> 00:37:06,183
3855during each of these epochs.
3856
3857840
385800:37:06,218 --> 00:37:09,218
3859But if you live in anyone
3860of the other epochs,...
3861
3862841
386300:37:08,821 --> 00:37:11,058
3864- you would never understand...
3865- Hhh.
3866
3867842
386800:37:11,104 --> 00:37:13,478
3869the previous epoch,
3870because they're so different.
3871
3872843
387300:37:13,603 --> 00:37:16,681
3874The first one is
3875the creation itself.
3876
3877844
387800:37:16,775 --> 00:37:20,205
3879In six days, God created
3880the entire universe.
3881
3882845
388300:37:20,260 --> 00:37:22,680
3884He created the planets and the stars.
3885
3886846
388700:37:22,705 --> 00:37:26,113
3888And He stretched out the universe
3889with His outstretch arm.
3890
3891847
389200:37:26,158 --> 00:37:28,516
3893That's obviously not happening today.
3894
3895848
389600:37:28,541 --> 00:37:30,737
3897- Yeah.
3898- He's not creating planets.
3899
3900849
390100:37:30,821 --> 00:37:32,987
3902In fact, at the end of that passage,
3903
3904850
390500:37:33,012 --> 00:37:34,488
3906it says He ended...
3907
3908851
390900:37:34,551 --> 00:37:36,512
3910- His creation work.
3911- Hhh.
3912
3913852
391400:37:36,653 --> 00:37:40,147
3915And then we move into
3916what I call the Edenian Epoch,
3917
3918853
391900:37:40,264 --> 00:37:44,264
3920the period of time when Adam and Eve
3921are in the garden of Eden.
3922
3923854
392400:37:43,969 --> 00:37:46,969
3925- And it's very different from the present.
3926- Right.
3927
3928855
392900:37:46,080 --> 00:37:48,172
3930We get the impression
3931from that passage,
3932
3933856
393400:37:48,203 --> 00:37:51,203
3935for example, that Adam and Eve
3936if they had not sinned...
3937
3938857
393900:37:50,564 --> 00:37:51,680
3940would have lived forever.
3941
3942858
394300:37:51,711 --> 00:37:55,299
3944It's hard to even conceive
3945of human being living forever.
3946
3947859
394800:37:55,330 --> 00:37:57,330
3949- So it's a different world.
3950- True.
3951
3952860
395300:37:56,793 --> 00:37:58,793
3954- Wildly different.
3955- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
3956
3957861
395800:37:58,395 --> 00:38:00,395
3959How long it lasts?
3960We do not know.
3961
3962862
396300:38:00,308 --> 00:38:03,247
3964But it suddenly terminated
3965with Adam and Eve
3966
3967863
396800:38:03,280 --> 00:38:06,280
3969eating of the tree of
3970the knowledge of good and evil.
3971
3972864
397300:38:05,904 --> 00:38:08,279
3974- Rebelling the...
3975- And God cursing the creation.
3976
3977865
397800:38:08,304 --> 00:38:10,304
3979- He changed the rules
3980- Uh-huh.
3981
3982866
398300:38:09,570 --> 00:38:10,999
3984in the, in the universe.
3985
3986867
398700:38:11,033 --> 00:38:15,033
3988Now, no longer is the sun
3989gonna be able to burn forever.
3990
3991868
399200:38:14,226 --> 00:38:17,226
3993No longer are we gonna
3994be able to live forever.
3995
3996869
399700:38:16,383 --> 00:38:19,383
3998So it's hard for us
3999to even imagine...
4000
4001870
400200:38:18,455 --> 00:38:20,455
4003- Theory.
4004- what that would be like...
4005
4006871
400700:38:19,822 --> 00:38:21,822
4008because we only see the laws...
4009
4010872
401100:38:21,556 --> 00:38:24,556
4012And we wouldn't have
4013come to that conclusion
4014
4015873
401600:38:23,828 --> 00:38:29,828
4017- if we didn't have the Word of God.
4018- Hhh, it's true if we didn't have this...
4019
4020874
402100:38:25,829 --> 00:38:29,829
4022With, and, and that's what
4023I think the Word of God
4024
4025875
402600:38:27,964 --> 00:38:29,964
4027- has been given to us for.
4028- Right.
4029
4030876
403100:38:29,541 --> 00:38:32,900
4032So we slide into
4033the third epoch of time,
4034
4035877
403600:38:32,925 --> 00:38:34,925
4037what I call the Ante-Diluvian period,
4038
4039878
404000:38:34,865 --> 00:38:37,865
4041the period before the flood
4042and after the fall of man.
4043
4044879
404500:38:37,505 --> 00:38:38,275
4046Uh-huh.
4047
4048880
404900:38:38,314 --> 00:38:41,314
4050It's a world that's different
4051than the present.
4052
4053881
405400:38:41,275 --> 00:38:44,275
4055It's gotten the same
4056natural laws going on.
4057
4058882
405900:38:43,583 --> 00:38:44,229
4060Uh-huh.
4061
4062883
406300:38:44,254 --> 00:38:46,254
4064But it's a different set of critters,
4065
4066884
406700:38:45,779 --> 00:38:47,779
4068- a different set of plants.
4069- Yeah.
4070
4071885
407200:38:47,411 --> 00:38:49,411
4073It's a little warmer Earth.
4074
4075886
407600:38:49,097 --> 00:38:51,410
4077The continents are in
4078different positions
4079
4080887
408100:38:51,435 --> 00:38:53,011
4082from what they are now.
4083
4084888
408500:38:53,043 --> 00:38:55,543
4086It looks significantly different.
4087
4088889
408900:38:55,597 --> 00:38:58,597
4090Well, and that's what
4091we see in, in Peter,
4092
4093890
409400:38:58,061 --> 00:38:59,569
4095where it talks about...
4096
4097891
409800:38:59,636 --> 00:39:01,662
4099that world being destroyed.
4100
4101892
410200:39:01,698 --> 00:39:04,928
4103So, the Flood was not
4104just soaking everything.
4105
4106893
410700:39:04,967 --> 00:39:07,967
4108This was a radical,
4109radical change, wasn't it?
4110
4111894
411200:39:07,662 --> 00:39:11,662
4113Yes, if we're right about
4114what we've understood so far,
4115
4116895
411700:39:11,055 --> 00:39:13,078
4118we got continents moving,
4119
4120896
412100:39:13,125 --> 00:39:15,687
4122smashing together,
4123creating mountains.
4124
4125897
412600:39:15,722 --> 00:39:18,904
4127The mountains are rising
4128to tens of thousands of feet.
4129
4130898
413100:39:18,966 --> 00:39:22,349
4132You got water washing
4133across the entire continents.
4134
4135899
413600:39:22,412 --> 00:39:26,693
4137We're, we're reaping tens of,
4138of thousands of feet of sediment
4139
4140900
414100:39:26,728 --> 00:39:28,474
4142off of the old continents...
4143
4144901
414500:39:28,529 --> 00:39:32,529
4146and then depositing thousands of feet
4147of sediment on top of them again.
4148
4149902
415000:39:32,320 --> 00:39:33,334
4151- Yeah.
4152- It's...
4153
4154903
415500:39:33,367 --> 00:39:36,792
4156We're looking at earthquakes
4157of astonishing power.
4158
4159904
416000:39:36,827 --> 00:39:39,704
4161So this changed then from the...
4162
4163905
416400:39:39,729 --> 00:39:42,407
4165what you call the Ante-Diluvian epoch,
4166
4167906
416800:39:42,470 --> 00:39:45,580
4169now into uh, the post-Flood...
4170
4171907
417200:39:45,665 --> 00:39:48,509
4173Basically, the, the Earth
4174has gotten to recover...
4175
4176908
417700:39:48,548 --> 00:39:49,806
4178from a global Flood.
4179
4180909
418100:39:49,860 --> 00:39:51,860
4182The atmosphere has
4183gotten to recover.
4184
4185910
418600:39:51,743 --> 00:39:54,237
4187The geology, the rocks have to recover.
4188
4189911
419000:39:54,269 --> 00:39:57,269
4191Plants and animals have
4192to spread across the Earth.
4193
4194912
419500:39:57,216 --> 00:39:58,576
4196You got lots of water,
4197
4198913
419900:39:58,638 --> 00:40:01,779
4200humongous earthquake,
4201humongous volcanoes.
4202
4203914
420400:40:01,810 --> 00:40:04,037
4205And more or less,
4206that period of recovery...
4207
4208915
420900:40:04,092 --> 00:40:05,662
4210is a slow...
4211
4212916
421300:40:05,701 --> 00:40:07,199
4214decrease in intensity...
4215
4216917
421700:40:07,224 --> 00:40:08,934
4218and frequency of those things.
4219
4220918
422100:40:08,959 --> 00:40:12,959
4222So would it be in that period
4223that we would see the Ice Age?
4224
4225919
422600:40:12,638 --> 00:40:13,646
4227For example?
4228
4229920
423000:40:13,709 --> 00:40:16,326
4231Yes. That's ironically,
4232
4233921
423400:40:16,357 --> 00:40:18,357
4235the Ice Age turns out to be,
4236
4237922
423800:40:18,382 --> 00:40:19,516
4239in our modeling,
4240
4241923
424200:40:19,563 --> 00:40:22,607
4243a consequence of
4244the heating of water...
4245
4246924
424700:40:22,686 --> 00:40:23,951
4248during the flood.
4249
4250925
425100:40:23,990 --> 00:40:25,990
4252The water is evaporating
4253off the oceans.
4254
4255926
425600:40:25,947 --> 00:40:27,947
4257- That cools the oceans.
4258- Uh-huh.
4259
4260927
426100:40:27,578 --> 00:40:29,625
4262The water is then moving
4263over the continents
4264
4265928
426600:40:29,650 --> 00:40:32,219
4267and dropping enormous
4268volumes of water.
4269
4270929
427100:40:32,250 --> 00:40:36,250
4272Now in certain places, the rain
4273is gonna come down as snow.
4274
4275930
427600:40:35,500 --> 00:40:37,500
4277- They're coming down so rapidly
4278- Okay.
4279
4280931
428100:40:37,384 --> 00:40:39,172
4282and without break,
4283
4284932
428500:40:39,219 --> 00:40:42,289
4286that can't melt and
4287accumulates into thick...
4288
4289933
429000:40:42,336 --> 00:40:44,039
4291- sequences of ice...
4292- Uh-huh.
4293
4294934
429500:40:44,078 --> 00:40:46,196
4296- until they're miles thick.
4297- Uh-huh.
4298
4299935
430000:40:46,229 --> 00:40:48,547
4301And then when the oceans
4302have cooled enough
4303
4304936
430500:40:48,572 --> 00:40:51,383
4306that that rain generation
4307system has stopped,...
4308
4309937
431000:40:51,430 --> 00:40:55,237
4311then those glaciers then collapse
4312under their own weight,
4313
4314938
431500:40:55,291 --> 00:40:59,291
4316melt back to the current position,
4317and they're continuing to melt.
4318
4319939
432000:40:58,284 --> 00:41:00,377
4321Now this thing global warming, it is.
4322
4323940
432400:41:00,403 --> 00:41:03,598
4325It's recovering, the Earth is still
4326recovering from the flood.
4327
4328941
432900:41:03,684 --> 00:41:08,686
4330So that was really a fairly
4331tumultuous era uh, right then...
4332
4333942
433400:41:08,757 --> 00:41:11,476
4335and but then you have
4336one final epoch.
4337
4338943
433900:41:11,569 --> 00:41:14,460
4340- So the modern epoch is...
4341- Uh-huh.
4342
4343944
434400:41:14,485 --> 00:41:16,633
4345you can study present processeses
4346
4347945
434800:41:16,665 --> 00:41:17,986
4349and understand things...
4350
4351946
435200:41:18,016 --> 00:41:20,055
4353fairly literally back to...
4354
4355947
435600:41:20,080 --> 00:41:20,665
4357Yeah.
4358
4359948
436000:41:20,690 --> 00:41:22,690
4361where within a couple
4362centuries of the Flood.
4363
4364949
436500:41:22,516 --> 00:41:25,626
4366And so that would leave one
4367to think that these processes,
4368
4369950
437000:41:25,651 --> 00:41:27,651
4371if you take it all the way back.
4372
4373951
437400:41:27,457 --> 00:41:28,604
4375- Precisely.
4376- You're right.
4377
4378952
437900:41:28,643 --> 00:41:32,643
4380You, you take the present processes
4381and extend them into the back.
4382
4383953
438400:41:31,459 --> 00:41:33,700
4385And, and that's what
43862nd Peter says.
4387
4388954
438900:41:33,725 --> 00:41:35,725
4390That's the error people make.
4391
4392955
439300:41:35,051 --> 00:41:36,270
4394It's reasonable.
4395
4396956
439700:41:36,293 --> 00:41:39,293
4398Take the present and
4399extend it into the past,
4400
4401957
440200:41:38,676 --> 00:41:40,175
4403not unreasonable.
4404
4405958
440600:41:40,215 --> 00:41:42,497
4407So you need to go to the Bible...
4408
4409959
441000:41:42,575 --> 00:41:45,028
4411to find out the necessary information
4412
4413960
441400:41:45,067 --> 00:41:47,067
4415- to, to reconstruct it.
4416- Uh-huh. Yeah.
4417
4418961
441900:41:46,786 --> 00:41:48,786
4420And looking at the other way,...
4421
4422962
442300:41:48,582 --> 00:41:50,582
4424if you start from the Bible,...
4425
4426963
442700:41:50,269 --> 00:41:52,800
4428You only get the beginning of the story.
4429
4430964
443100:41:52,831 --> 00:41:53,441
4432Right.
4433
4434965
443500:41:53,466 --> 00:41:56,466
4436God has given us the ability
4437to read the rocks
4438
4439966
444000:41:56,356 --> 00:41:59,356
4441- and fill in the rest of the story.
4442- Yeah.
4443
4444967
444500:41:58,706 --> 00:42:01,706
4446And we need to, to fully
4447understand the Flood,
4448
4449968
445000:42:01,280 --> 00:42:02,802
4451we start with the Bible.
4452
4453969
445400:42:02,919 --> 00:42:04,919
4455But then we go to the rocks.
4456
4457970
445800:42:04,256 --> 00:42:06,256
4459Speak to the rocks
4460and they shall tell...
4461
4462971
446300:42:06,264 --> 00:42:06,840
4464Right.
4465
4466972
446700:42:06,865 --> 00:42:08,865
4468what has happened in the past.
4469
4470973
447100:42:09,849 --> 00:42:11,278
4472Kurt made a good point.
4473
4474974
447500:42:11,325 --> 00:42:13,769
4476The Bible records historical events...
4477
4478975
447900:42:13,794 --> 00:42:16,794
4480but it doesn't explain how
4481those events happened.
4482
4483976
448400:42:16,812 --> 00:42:19,030
4485That's what these scientists were doing.
4486
4487977
448800:42:19,077 --> 00:42:21,077
4489They were trying to
4490interpret the evidence
4491
4492978
449300:42:21,055 --> 00:42:23,069
4494in the light of biblical history.
4495
4496979
449700:42:23,413 --> 00:42:26,569
4498But Kurt said there was
4499evidence inside the rocks.
4500
4501980
450200:42:26,632 --> 00:42:28,569
4503What was that evidence?
4504
4505981
450600:42:39,503 --> 00:42:41,503
4507I love coming to
4508the Natural History Museums.
4509
4510982
451100:42:41,380 --> 00:42:46,380
4512Uh, uh, for me as a paleontologist,
4513it's like a chance to go to a zoo.
4514
4515983
451600:42:45,308 --> 00:42:49,308
4517That's all the animals that
4518used to live before the Flood.
4519
4520984
452100:42:48,122 --> 00:42:48,677
4522Uh-huh.
4523
4524985
452500:42:48,708 --> 00:42:51,708
4526It's like a chance
4527to step back in time.
4528
4529986
453000:42:50,682 --> 00:42:53,682
4531It is like a zoo,
4532except they are not alive.
4533
4534987
453500:42:52,460 --> 00:42:54,460
4536- They're all dead.
4537- Right, I know.
4538
4539988
454000:42:53,632 --> 00:42:54,632
4541And they don't smell.
4542
4543989
454400:42:54,537 --> 00:42:56,537
4545- So that is pretty good.
4546- Yeah.
4547
4548990
454900:42:56,229 --> 00:42:59,229
4550And, and the Natural History
4551Museum isn't just about...
4552
4553991
455400:42:58,865 --> 00:43:00,583
4555telling us what was there.
4556
4557992
455800:43:00,622 --> 00:43:03,622
4559It's also trying to
4560give us a story line.
4561
4562993
456300:43:03,389 --> 00:43:04,389
4564- Right?
4565- Uh-huh.
4566
4567994
456800:43:04,021 --> 00:43:05,107
4569And we...
4570
4571995
457200:43:05,145 --> 00:43:08,145
4573we got two possibilities,
4574we got these two paradigms
4575
4576996
457700:43:07,559 --> 00:43:10,559
4578between a naturalistic view
4579and a, a biblical view.
4580
4581997
458200:43:10,497 --> 00:43:13,497
4583And all the Natural History
4584Museums in the country,
4585
4586998
458700:43:12,614 --> 00:43:14,614
4588most of them around the world,
4589
4590999
459100:43:13,879 --> 00:43:14,934
4592all give you just...
4593
45941000
459500:43:14,965 --> 00:43:16,965
4596- one of those views.
4597- Uh-huh.
4598
45991001
460000:43:16,703 --> 00:43:20,625
4601Only giving you a naturalistic
4602old Earth view of the world.
4603
46041002
460500:43:20,651 --> 00:43:22,261
4606But the same data,...
4607
46081003
460900:43:22,331 --> 00:43:23,550
4610this dinosaur,
4611
46121004
461300:43:23,581 --> 00:43:25,386
4614is able to be understood
4615
46161005
461700:43:25,432 --> 00:43:27,206
4618in an alternate paradigm.
4619
46201006
462100:43:27,268 --> 00:43:30,268
4622So when I'm thinking about
4623these types of creatures,
4624
46251007
462600:43:29,872 --> 00:43:32,872
4627I'm thinking about a world
4628just right before the Flood.
4629
46301008
463100:43:32,536 --> 00:43:35,536
4632I mean, this is a real picture
4633of a violent world.
4634
46351009
463600:43:35,059 --> 00:43:36,253
4637- Yeah. And...
4638- Yeah.
4639
46401010
464100:43:36,278 --> 00:43:39,278
4642This is why God said:
4643"Behold, the end of all flush".
4644
46451011
464600:43:38,659 --> 00:43:40,659
4647- It wasn't just mankind.
4648- Uh-huh.
4649
46501012
465100:43:40,296 --> 00:43:43,296
4652Man and all the animals
4653on which we rule...
4654
46551013
465600:43:42,900 --> 00:43:45,900
4657- are juged at the time of the Flood.
4658- Uh-huh. Yeah.
4659
46601014
466100:43:45,744 --> 00:43:49,145
4662Well, Marcus, can you kind of
4663give us an overall picture...
4664
46651015
466600:43:49,221 --> 00:43:52,713
4667of the fossils and how
4668all these stuffs fit together?
4669
46701016
467100:43:52,738 --> 00:43:53,392
4672Yeah.
4673
46741017
467500:43:53,424 --> 00:43:56,424
4676Fossils tend to be found
4677in distinct layers where the...
4678
46791018
468000:43:55,939 --> 00:43:58,267
4681very, very large numbers
4682that have been destroyed.
4683
46841019
468500:43:58,322 --> 00:43:59,799
4686Untold billions.
4687
46881020
468900:44:00,049 --> 00:44:02,049
4690And so every time we see
4691
46921021
469300:44:01,549 --> 00:44:03,549
4694a layer of rock that this thick,...
4695
46961022
469700:44:03,478 --> 00:44:06,775
4698we're thinking about an event
4699that probably took minutes...
4700
47011023
470200:44:06,800 --> 00:44:07,907
4703- to, to make. Not...
4704- Hhh.
4705
47061024
470700:44:07,916 --> 00:44:09,174
4708thousands of years.
4709
47101025
471100:44:09,203 --> 00:44:11,203
4712Minutes for just this
4713one package of rocks.
4714
47151026
471600:44:11,191 --> 00:44:12,549
4717Sometimes, even seconds.
4718
47191027
472000:44:12,580 --> 00:44:15,580
4721Now, where these pulses
4722of water from the Flood are...
4723
47241028
472500:44:15,168 --> 00:44:16,809
4726moving over the continents,
4727
47281029
472900:44:16,848 --> 00:44:18,444
4730grabbing ecosystems,
4731
47321030
473300:44:18,469 --> 00:44:22,082
4734or dragging marine ones up
4735from, from deeper in the ocean...
4736
47371031
473800:44:22,123 --> 00:44:23,600
4739and pulling them onto land.
4740
47411032
474200:44:23,632 --> 00:44:26,632
4743And as one gets deposited,
4744and the waves come back,
4745
47461033
474700:44:25,898 --> 00:44:28,898
4748They start pulling and piling
4749additional stuffs on top of that.
4750
47511034
475200:44:28,734 --> 00:44:33,734
4753And it's, it's a graveyard on top
4754of a graveyard on top of a graveyard.
4755
47561035
475700:44:32,900 --> 00:44:36,900
4758It's, it's a sort of thing
4759that speaks to a catastrophe,
4760
47611036
476200:44:35,620 --> 00:44:38,620
4763not the sort of thing
4764where the fossil record
4765
47661037
476700:44:37,494 --> 00:44:38,986
4768is gradually accumulating
4769
47701038
477100:44:39,017 --> 00:44:41,017
4772bone by bone,
4773shell by shell,
4774
47751039
477600:44:40,753 --> 00:44:41,753
4777- little by little,
4778- Uh-huh.
4779
47801040
478100:44:41,736 --> 00:44:43,392
4782over untold eons of time.
4783
47841041
478500:44:43,628 --> 00:44:45,628
4786So you're saying that
4787we have these...
4788
47891042
479000:44:45,627 --> 00:44:48,259
4791uh, marine fossils all over,
4792
47931043
479400:44:48,284 --> 00:44:49,994
4795- even on mountains.
4796- Yes.
4797
47981044
479900:44:50,041 --> 00:44:52,137
4800Yeah, further back over
4801uh, in the Museum,
4802
48031045
480400:44:52,162 --> 00:44:54,162
4805they got sections
4806with things like mosasaurs,
4807
48081046
480900:44:53,981 --> 00:44:56,035
4810- big swimming reptiles.
4811- Hhh.
4812
48131047
481400:44:56,137 --> 00:44:57,973
4815Mosasaurs are globally distributed.
4816
48171048
481800:44:57,998 --> 00:45:00,435
4819And, and they're distributed
4820on continents.
4821
48221049
482300:45:00,460 --> 00:45:02,460
4824So looking at these things,
4825you're saying:
4826
48271050
482800:45:02,138 --> 00:45:04,138
4829what is it that has the power,
4830
48311051
483200:45:03,633 --> 00:45:05,633
4833what is it that has, has a capacity
4834
48351052
483600:45:05,366 --> 00:45:06,677
4837to take the marine world
4838
48391053
484000:45:06,702 --> 00:45:08,787
4841and throw it on top
4842of the continents
4843
48441054
484500:45:08,819 --> 00:45:10,819
4846in such violent and
4847destructive manner.
4848
48491055
485000:45:10,501 --> 00:45:13,501
4851And, and the Flood makes
4852perfect sense with this.
4853
48541056
485500:45:12,628 --> 00:45:14,628
4856When we were in
4857the Grand Canyon,
4858
48591057
486000:45:14,300 --> 00:45:16,667
4861we saw that Great Unconformity.
4862
48631058
486400:45:16,692 --> 00:45:18,692
4865- Yeah.
4866- And there were no fossils
4867
48681059
486900:45:18,496 --> 00:45:20,496
4870to speak of really below that.
4871
48721060
487300:45:20,068 --> 00:45:23,068
4874And then all of the sudden,
4875we start getting a lot.
4876
48771061
487800:45:22,782 --> 00:45:25,782
4879What, what does that say
4880to you as a paleontologist?
4881
48821062
488300:45:25,690 --> 00:45:27,690
4884Well, the Great Unconformity is telling me
4885
48861063
488700:45:27,439 --> 00:45:29,439
4888that there's some sort of
4889massive erosion
4890
48911064
489200:45:29,434 --> 00:45:31,636
4893and sheering that is happening
4894across the continent.
4895
48961065
489700:45:31,667 --> 00:45:34,667
4898And then once we start getting
4899to those nice sedimentary rocks,
4900
49011066
490200:45:34,620 --> 00:45:36,622
4903they have all the wonderful
4904fossils in them.
4905
49061067
490700:45:36,686 --> 00:45:39,816
4908The pattern uh, starts to emerge.
4909
49101068
491100:45:39,841 --> 00:45:43,148
4912The ecosystem that has
4913the first animal tenet
4914
49151069
491600:45:43,173 --> 00:45:44,562
4917shows up very suddenly.
4918
49191070
492000:45:44,601 --> 00:45:46,111
4921In conventional Paleontology,
4922
49231071
492400:45:46,136 --> 00:45:48,189
4925they call this
4926the Cambrianic Explosion.
4927
49281072
492900:45:48,281 --> 00:45:51,281
4930It's the first appearance
4931of a wide diversity
4932
49331073
493400:45:50,624 --> 00:45:52,624
4935of different types
4936of marine animals.
4937
49381074
493900:45:52,501 --> 00:45:55,501
4940All of the sudden, you have
4941this complex and whole ecosystem
4942
49431075
494400:45:54,978 --> 00:45:57,220
4945that shows up,
4946basically, out of nowhere.
4947
49481076
494900:45:57,259 --> 00:46:00,259
4950Now that makes perfect sense from
4951the Creation and Flood perspective
4952
49531077
495400:46:00,017 --> 00:46:02,594
4955because the Flood is about
4956destroying ecosystems.
4957
49581078
495900:46:02,658 --> 00:46:04,181
4960Whereas in the evolutionary view,
4961
49621079
496300:46:04,212 --> 00:46:07,212
4964uh, these ecosystems are
4965going to have to arise
4966
49671080
496800:46:07,033 --> 00:46:08,478
4969a little more gradually
4970
49711081
497200:46:08,517 --> 00:46:10,910
4973as organism diversify evolve
4974
49751082
497600:46:10,935 --> 00:46:13,292
4977and respond to one another
4978in their environment.
4979
49801083
498100:46:13,339 --> 00:46:15,339
4982But that's not what you see.
4983
49841084
498500:46:14,552 --> 00:46:16,089
4986Instead, you see...
4987
49881085
498900:46:16,176 --> 00:46:17,949
4990an explosion of life...
4991
49921086
499300:46:18,074 --> 00:46:19,777
4994that is complex,
4995
49961087
499700:46:19,808 --> 00:46:20,816
4998whole,
4999
50001088
500100:46:20,847 --> 00:46:22,943
5002the ecosystem is integrated
5003with one another.
5004
50051089
500600:46:22,968 --> 00:46:25,968
5007You can see where all
5008the different organisms fit,
5009
50101090
501100:46:25,435 --> 00:46:27,435
5012- Uh-huh.
5013- with respect to one another.
5014
50151091
501600:46:27,124 --> 00:46:30,138
5017And that's just the first
5018time that that happens.
5019
50201092
502100:46:30,318 --> 00:46:33,318
5022Every time you move up
5023in the geological column,
5024
50251093
502600:46:32,607 --> 00:46:34,007
5027in this fossil record,
5028
50291094
503000:46:34,046 --> 00:46:37,132
5031you start seeing snapshots of
5032more and more ecosystems.
5033
50341095
503500:46:37,164 --> 00:46:39,336
5036You got one ecosystem that is destroyed,
5037
50381096
503900:46:39,391 --> 00:46:41,391
5040and then you got another one.
5041
50421097
504300:46:40,573 --> 00:46:42,573
5044It's gotten slightly different creatures,
5045
50461098
504700:46:42,281 --> 00:46:44,305
5048there're different interactions going on.
5049
50501099
505100:46:44,351 --> 00:46:46,351
5052And as the floodwaters
5053move higher and higher,
5054
50551100
505600:46:46,267 --> 00:46:49,267
5057they're getting closer
5058and closer to the shore,
5059
50601101
506100:46:48,216 --> 00:46:50,584
5062destroying more and more
5063organisms in the shoreline,
5064
50651102
506600:46:50,609 --> 00:46:52,921
5067- and eventually up onto land.
5068- Yeah.
5069
50701103
507100:46:53,080 --> 00:46:56,080
5072So I, I think I see
5073what you're saying here.
5074
50751104
507600:46:55,536 --> 00:46:58,536
5077And that is,
5078it's, it's the paradigm
5079
50801105
508100:46:57,539 --> 00:46:59,539
5082that uh, we're all taught,
5083
50841106
508500:46:59,182 --> 00:47:00,749
5086that conventional paradigm...
5087
50881107
508900:47:00,804 --> 00:47:03,804
5090is trying to tell us that
5091the fossil record is...
5092
50931108
509400:47:03,460 --> 00:47:07,465
5095an evolutionary picture
5096of life as it's developing...
5097
50981109
509900:47:07,518 --> 00:47:11,104
5100as oppose to the Genesis
5101paradigm that is saying no,
5102
51031110
510400:47:11,129 --> 00:47:14,129
5105all of that life,
5106all the complexity of life
5107
51081111
510900:47:13,528 --> 00:47:15,019
5110- already was there...
5111- Yeah.
5112
51131112
511400:47:15,044 --> 00:47:19,044
5115and now, we're looking at
5116the graveyard of all that life.
5117
51181113
511900:47:18,115 --> 00:47:19,170
5120Exactly.
5121
51221114
512300:47:19,195 --> 00:47:21,195
5124Well, what are some other data
5125
51261115
512700:47:20,864 --> 00:47:24,245
5128that you're seeing that,
5129that convinces you of this paradigm?
5130
51311116
513200:47:24,272 --> 00:47:27,897
5133Sure. Well, one very curious
5134situation with the fossil record,
5135
51361117
513700:47:27,922 --> 00:47:30,374
5138so if you're thinking
5139vertically about things,
5140
51411118
514200:47:30,400 --> 00:47:33,400
5143it, it's not the hard parts
5144of the animal,
5145
51461119
514700:47:32,699 --> 00:47:34,855
5148but the trackways.
5149
51501120
515100:47:34,903 --> 00:47:36,144
5152They are the footprints.
5153
51541121
515500:47:36,186 --> 00:47:39,186
5156This is a pattern that we see
5157in several different groups,
5158
51591122
516000:47:38,835 --> 00:47:42,245
5161where their footprints are first
5162and body parts are later.
5163
51641123
516500:47:42,277 --> 00:47:43,041
5166Uh-huh.
5167
51681124
516900:47:43,066 --> 00:47:46,066
5170For the trilobites, for the amphibians,
5171for the dinosaurs,
5172
51731125
517400:47:45,550 --> 00:47:49,550
5175the first time I find evidence
5176of them in the fossil record
5177
51781126
517900:47:48,330 --> 00:47:49,644
5180is from trackways,
5181
51821127
518300:47:49,691 --> 00:47:51,511
5184- not hard parts.
5185- Interesting.
5186
51871128
518800:47:51,655 --> 00:47:53,097
5189From an old Earth perspective,
5190
51911129
519200:47:53,122 --> 00:47:56,122
5193that's really weird
5194and hard to grapple with,
5195
51961130
519700:47:56,042 --> 00:47:58,168
5198because you have millions of years...
5199
52001131
520100:47:58,203 --> 00:48:00,135
5202between the trackway production...
5203
52041132
520500:48:00,182 --> 00:48:01,236
5206and ultimately,
5207
52081133
520900:48:01,261 --> 00:48:03,261
5210- the animal that made it.
5211- Uh-huh.
5212
52131134
521400:48:02,706 --> 00:48:05,706
5215But that obviously doesn't
5216make a whole lot of sense.
5217
52181135
521900:48:05,035 --> 00:48:08,035
5220Uh, because if there're trackways,
5221there are animals.
5222
52231136
522400:48:06,894 --> 00:48:09,894
5225And these animals have bones
5226and teeth and shells to them.
5227
52281137
522900:48:09,244 --> 00:48:10,924
5230Why  aren't they fossilized?
5231
52321138
523300:48:10,955 --> 00:48:13,142
5234Instead, the pattern is telling us
5235something different.
5236
52371139
523800:48:13,167 --> 00:48:14,314
5239There's no time...
5240
52411140
524200:48:14,361 --> 00:48:17,361
5243between when somebody leaves a track
5244and when somebody gets buried.
5245
52461141
524700:48:17,111 --> 00:48:20,111
5248But the fact that those
5249trackways are still there,
5250
52511142
525200:48:19,675 --> 00:48:22,675
5253that, that should tell us
5254something as well, shouldn't it?
5255
52561143
525700:48:22,026 --> 00:48:24,026
5258One, it tells us that the deposition
5259
52601144
526100:48:23,785 --> 00:48:27,785
5262or the, the placement of
5263the next layer on top of them
5264
52651145
526600:48:26,463 --> 00:48:28,463
5267had to happen very, very quickly.
5268
52691146
527000:48:28,353 --> 00:48:33,353
5271Because, again, you go on to uh,
5272a beach and you walk in the sand,
5273
52741147
527500:48:31,877 --> 00:48:33,822
5276your trackways are, are destroyed
5277
52781148
527900:48:33,854 --> 00:48:35,854
5280- very, very quickly.
5281- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
5282
52831149
528400:48:35,611 --> 00:48:39,611
5285But the fossil record is showing us
5286something very different from today.
5287
52881150
528900:48:38,659 --> 00:48:40,659
5290This is death in a moment.
5291
52921151
529300:48:40,058 --> 00:48:42,058
5294- Yes.
5295- This is death in an instant.
5296
52971152
529800:48:41,371 --> 00:48:44,371
5299And we're talking about
5300a, a world that was complex,
5301
53021153
530300:48:44,228 --> 00:48:45,635
5304whole, integrated,
5305
53061154
530700:48:45,705 --> 00:48:49,275
5308and the Flood is destroying
5309that world, sequentially,...
5310
53111155
531200:48:49,300 --> 00:48:52,300
5313- and burying it in a vertical fashion.
5314- Uh-huh. Yeah.
5315
53161156
531700:48:51,908 --> 00:48:53,036
5318And so I think,
5319
53201157
532100:48:53,084 --> 00:48:56,084
5322looking at the fossil record
5323as a record of life is...
5324
53251158
532600:48:56,068 --> 00:48:57,263
5327partly correct.
5328
53291159
533000:48:57,318 --> 00:48:59,318
5331But it's not about life development.
5332
53331160
533400:48:58,968 --> 00:49:02,099
5335It's about life attempts
5336to survive an event...
5337
53381161
533900:49:02,138 --> 00:49:04,672
5340that ultimately consumed all of them.
5341
53421162
534300:49:04,771 --> 00:49:06,771
5344Well, that would make sense then,
5345
53461163
534700:49:06,126 --> 00:49:10,766
5348because, when God was talking
5349about destroying the Earth...
5350
53511164
535200:49:10,791 --> 00:49:11,877
5353uh, with the flood,
5354
53551165
535600:49:11,902 --> 00:49:14,902
5357it wasn't just
5358the destruction of human life,
5359
53601166
536100:49:14,462 --> 00:49:17,019
5362it was the destruction of all life.
5363
53641167
536500:49:17,044 --> 00:49:19,367
5366And so, now the world we live in
5367
53681168
536900:49:19,392 --> 00:49:20,655
5370is, as you said,
5371
53721169
537300:49:20,680 --> 00:49:21,687
5374radically different
5375
53761170
537700:49:21,719 --> 00:49:23,719
5378- than what that was before.
5379- Yeah.
5380
53811171
538200:49:23,359 --> 00:49:27,359
5383When we look at the T-Rex,
5384when we look at the Mosasaur,
5385
53861172
538700:49:25,853 --> 00:49:26,953
5388when we look at...
5389
53901173
539100:49:27,008 --> 00:49:29,219
5392uh, all these animals
5393as ferocious carnivores,
5394
53951174
539600:49:29,244 --> 00:49:30,247
5397and they really are.
5398
53991175
540000:49:30,303 --> 00:49:31,779
5401I mean, they terrify.
5402
54031176
540400:49:31,804 --> 00:49:34,825
5405But that's not what they were
5406initially created to be.
5407
54081177
540900:49:34,872 --> 00:49:36,724
5410And so these sharp teeth,
5411
54121178
541300:49:36,771 --> 00:49:38,217
5414these devastating claws,
5415
54161179
541700:49:38,247 --> 00:49:40,247
5418and the behaviors
5419that go along with them,
5420
54211180
542200:49:40,036 --> 00:49:42,036
5423all seem to be part of the curse.
5424
54251181
542600:49:41,990 --> 00:49:43,990
5427And part of that is genetic.
5428
54291182
543000:49:43,333 --> 00:49:46,333
5431Part of it might also be
5432just thru some modifications.
5433
54341183
543500:49:45,991 --> 00:49:48,068
5436- But, uh, these organisms...
5437- Uh-huh.
5438
54391184
544000:49:48,130 --> 00:49:50,130
5441by the time we see them,
5442
54431185
544400:49:49,741 --> 00:49:51,741
5445and it is important for us to remember
5446
54471186
544800:49:51,312 --> 00:49:53,312
5449when we come to
5450a Natural History Museum,
5451
54521187
545300:49:52,874 --> 00:49:55,874
5454that you're not seeing
5455the world at creation week.
5456
54571188
545800:49:54,984 --> 00:49:55,593
5459Right.
5460
54611189
546200:49:55,624 --> 00:49:56,765
5463You're seeing the world...
5464
54651190
546600:49:56,802 --> 00:49:58,802
5467as it existed in the Flood.
5468
54691191
547000:49:58,797 --> 00:50:01,852
5471And that world was the one
5472that was filled with violence,
5473
54741192
547500:50:01,879 --> 00:50:04,984
5476and was, was a pretty
5477terrible place to live.
5478
54791193
548000:50:05,766 --> 00:50:09,491
5481I realized that the billions of
5482creatures buried in those layers
5483
54841194
548500:50:09,516 --> 00:50:13,031
5486are a silent testimony
5487to God's global judgment.
5488
54891195
549000:50:13,125 --> 00:50:17,445
5491I decided I wanted to see one of
5492those layers of fossils for myself.
5493
54941196
549500:50:17,760 --> 00:50:20,563
5496If dinosaurs died suddenly in the Flood,
5497
54981197
549900:50:20,642 --> 00:50:22,789
5500wouldn't that be obvious?
5501
55021198
550300:50:29,225 --> 00:50:31,225
5504What we're dealing with here,
5505
55061199
550700:50:30,836 --> 00:50:32,866
5508this is in the Lance Formation.
5509
55101200
551100:50:32,912 --> 00:50:37,125
5512This is a "Upper Cretaceous"
5513sedimentary deposit.
5514
55151201
551600:50:37,170 --> 00:50:41,170
5517And what we have here is
5518what's called the bone-beds.
5519
55201202
552100:50:40,093 --> 00:50:42,681
5522It's, it's, an accumulation of bones...
5523
55241203
552500:50:42,728 --> 00:50:44,728
5526that's about a meter thick,
5527
55281204
552900:50:44,109 --> 00:50:46,109
5530a little less than a meter,
5531
55321205
553300:50:45,617 --> 00:50:46,853
5534and in this meter,
5535
55361206
553700:50:46,878 --> 00:50:49,878
5538we find the bones present
5539as a graded bed,
5540
55411207
554200:50:49,416 --> 00:50:53,416
5543with little bones at the top and
5544bigger bones at the bottom.
5545
55461208
554700:50:52,799 --> 00:50:54,275
5548And you can see here,...
5549
55501209
555100:50:54,322 --> 00:50:55,541
5552looks like,...
5553
55541210
555500:50:55,601 --> 00:50:58,002
5556Erline is working on
5557another vertebrate.
5558
55591211
556000:50:58,027 --> 00:51:01,582
5561Here, this is a cervical vertebra
5562of a duckbill dinosaur.
5563
55641212
556500:51:01,613 --> 00:51:03,824
5566This is where the spinal cord goes.
5567
55681213
556900:51:03,849 --> 00:51:05,460
5570- Right there.
5571- Hhh. Uh-huh.
5572
55731214
557400:51:05,499 --> 00:51:09,499
5575When I, when I look at
5576these bones in the quarry, I...
5577
55781215
557900:51:08,428 --> 00:51:10,498
5580I often I think of them as being...
5581
55821216
558300:51:10,545 --> 00:51:12,340
5584- inside the animal alive.
5585- Oh.
5586
55871217
558800:51:12,373 --> 00:51:14,373
5589- And just imagine what is,
5590- Sure.
5591
55921218
559300:51:13,795 --> 00:51:14,939
5594what is like to be...
5595
55961219
559700:51:14,964 --> 00:51:17,154
5598seeing these bones
5599for the first time.
5600
56011220
560200:51:17,337 --> 00:51:19,550
5603So, so this is just full of bones.
5604
56051221
560600:51:19,581 --> 00:51:24,581
5607And, and it's not like we have to go
5608looking for where the bones are.
5609
56101222
561100:51:23,176 --> 00:51:26,214
5612We just have to sit down
5613and start digging.
5614
56151223
561600:51:27,379 --> 00:51:29,792
5617What is mainly different about...
5618
56191224
562000:51:29,827 --> 00:51:31,829
5621the site that you're digging here,
5622
56231225
562400:51:31,860 --> 00:51:33,860
5625as oppose to,
5626what we would say,
5627
56281226
562900:51:33,690 --> 00:51:36,337
5630a general dinosaur dig somewhere?
5631
56321227
563300:51:36,921 --> 00:51:39,921
5634Well, there're, there're dinosaurs
5635found all over the world,
5636
56371228
563800:51:39,665 --> 00:51:42,306
5639but, this particular site is unique,...
5640
56411229
564200:51:42,345 --> 00:51:44,923
5643in there is probably one of the largest
5644
56451230
564600:51:44,978 --> 00:51:47,033
5647collections of bones in the world.
5648
56491231
565000:51:47,133 --> 00:51:49,133
5651And there are the remains of, between,
5652
56531232
565400:51:49,128 --> 00:51:52,128
5655I would say, between
56565,000 and 10,000 animals,
5657
56581233
565900:51:51,896 --> 00:51:54,183
5660each 20 to 40 feet long,
5661
56621234
566300:51:54,214 --> 00:51:55,746
5664in this, in this deposit.
5665
56661235
566700:51:55,790 --> 00:51:57,185
5668These are big animals,
5669
56701236
567100:51:57,240 --> 00:52:00,240
5672- and there are a lot of them.
5673- Uh-huh.
5674
56751237
567600:51:59,154 --> 00:52:02,154
5677- Let's step back for just a second.
5678- Okay.
5679
56801238
568100:52:01,786 --> 00:52:05,258
5682Okay, so we had,
5683we had a duckbill dinosaur
5684
56851239
568600:52:05,289 --> 00:52:06,524
5687roaming around the Earth.
5688
56891240
569000:52:06,555 --> 00:52:08,555
5691And all of the sudden, it dies.
5692
56931241
569400:52:08,176 --> 00:52:09,796
5695Would it become a fossil?
5696
56971242
569800:52:10,100 --> 00:52:13,843
5699Fossilization requires
5700very special circumstances.
5701
57021243
570300:52:13,868 --> 00:52:15,500
5704Normally, we know,
5705
57061244
570700:52:15,571 --> 00:52:19,571
5708for example,  if a coy...,
5709if a coyote dies on the desert,
5710
57111245
571200:52:18,432 --> 00:52:20,692
5713its, its body is soon gone.
5714
57151246
571600:52:20,754 --> 00:52:23,696
5717Yet these bones are
5718all perfectly preserved.
5719
57201247
572100:52:23,721 --> 00:52:25,721
5722They have never been
5723subjected to the weather,
5724
57251248
572600:52:25,703 --> 00:52:27,703
5727they are just all there,
5728They're...
5729
57301249
573100:52:27,430 --> 00:52:31,430
5732Today, it would be very difficult
5733to imagine how you could do that.
5734
57351250
573600:52:30,549 --> 00:52:33,165
5737To some extent,
5738we would really say that
5739
57401251
574100:52:33,190 --> 00:52:35,221
5742to find a fossil is rare.
5743
57441252
574500:52:35,252 --> 00:52:37,252
5746Eventhough, we have
5747many, many fossils,
5748
57491253
575000:52:36,871 --> 00:52:38,871
5751in terms of things that die,
5752
57531254
575400:52:38,694 --> 00:52:41,694
5755- Right.
5756- it's rare if it'd become fossilized.
5757
57581255
575900:52:41,105 --> 00:52:42,105
5760It is rare.
5761
57621256
576300:52:41,916 --> 00:52:44,432
5764- It requires special circumstances.
5765- Uh-huh.
5766
57671257
576800:52:44,463 --> 00:52:47,463
5769Not, not the least of which
5770is the rapid burial.
5771
57721258
577300:52:46,776 --> 00:52:47,432
5774Hhh.
5775
57761259
577700:52:47,457 --> 00:52:49,842
5778These, these animals had to die...
5779
57801260
578100:52:49,959 --> 00:52:52,959
5782and then their carcasses
5783had to have time to rot.
5784
57851261
578600:52:52,851 --> 00:52:55,851
5787So, we're talking days
5788or weeks or months...
5789
57901262
579100:52:55,732 --> 00:52:59,404
5792during which time, the,
5793the bones and tissues
5794
57951263
579600:52:59,429 --> 00:53:01,853
5797were either eaten away
5798or rotten away.
5799
58001264
580100:53:01,931 --> 00:53:04,126
5802and then the bones or remains
5803
58041265
580500:53:04,160 --> 00:53:07,551
5806were deposited instantaneously
5807in, in this environment.
5808
58091266
581000:53:07,597 --> 00:53:09,597
5811Because they're in a graded bed
5812
58131267
581400:53:09,411 --> 00:53:13,411
5815where big bones at the bottom
5816and little bones at the top.
5817
58181268
581900:53:11,630 --> 00:53:13,630
5820And you can see that here.
5821
58221269
582300:53:12,786 --> 00:53:16,786
5824- The big bones are all down at the bottom.
5825- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
5826
58271270
582800:53:14,794 --> 00:53:18,794
5829And when they start digging up here,
5830they start to find small bones.
5831
58321271
583300:53:18,254 --> 00:53:22,105
5834So that condition requires
5835a sorting process.
5836
58371272
583800:53:22,136 --> 00:53:25,871
5839It can only take place during
5840a catastrophic emplacement.
5841
58421273
584300:53:25,988 --> 00:53:28,785
5844So when we look at
5845the dinosaur fossils,
5846
58471274
584800:53:28,816 --> 00:53:31,287
5849rather than looking at them
5850from the standpoint
5851
58521275
585300:53:31,312 --> 00:53:33,412
5854that we have early dinosaurs,
5855
58561276
585700:53:33,445 --> 00:53:36,701
5858then middle dinosaurs,
5859and later dinosaurs,
5860
58611277
586200:53:36,869 --> 00:53:38,095
5863you're looking at proof
5864
58651278
586600:53:38,127 --> 00:53:40,650
5867from the perspective
5868that all those dinosaurs
5869
58701279
587100:53:40,674 --> 00:53:41,916
5872were in existence.
5873
58741280
587500:53:41,947 --> 00:53:43,244
5876They were all living,
5877
58781281
587900:53:43,291 --> 00:53:45,720
5880and then there was
5881this huge catastrophe
5882
58831282
588400:53:45,745 --> 00:53:47,745
5885that brought them to an end.
5886
58871283
588800:53:47,248 --> 00:53:49,312
5889The dinosaurs are already dinosaurs
5890
58911284
589200:53:49,337 --> 00:53:51,337
5893when they first,
5894when they first appeared.
5895
58961285
589700:53:51,197 --> 00:53:52,266
5898They looked just like...
5899
59001286
590100:53:52,313 --> 00:53:55,180
5902anyone would sit,
5903think of a dinosaur looked.
5904
59051287
590600:53:55,320 --> 00:53:56,844
5907And this is a conundrum
5908
59091288
591000:53:56,869 --> 00:53:59,869
5911for, for those who believe in
5912the evolution of the dinosaurs.
5913
59141289
591500:53:59,580 --> 00:54:02,931
5916But we hear a lot
5917about transitional forms.
5918
59191290
592000:54:02,973 --> 00:54:05,462
5921What's, what's the real story there?
5922
59231291
592400:54:05,584 --> 00:54:07,937
5925Scientists have been able to...
5926
59271292
592800:54:07,969 --> 00:54:11,249
5929lay out some forms
5930they think are transitional,
5931
59321293
593300:54:11,335 --> 00:54:15,759
5934and some of them are very interesting,
5935some even challenging.
5936
59371294
593800:54:15,876 --> 00:54:18,290
5939But, there are
5940the exceptions to the rule.
5941
59421295
594300:54:18,329 --> 00:54:20,784
5944The rule is there are
5945no transitional fossils.
5946
59471296
594800:54:20,809 --> 00:54:23,581
5949And what we find
5950in the fossil record...
5951
59521297
595300:54:23,644 --> 00:54:27,538
5954and contrary to Darwin's hopes,
5955this is the rule,...
5956
59571298
595800:54:27,598 --> 00:54:30,691
5959is that a form exists
5960in the fossil record,...
5961
59621299
596300:54:30,716 --> 00:54:32,748
5964it basically stays unchanged,
5965
59661300
596700:54:32,773 --> 00:54:34,773
5968and it disappears
5969from the fossil record
5970
59711301
597200:54:34,701 --> 00:54:36,384
5973without him had been changed.
5974
59751302
597600:54:36,460 --> 00:54:39,234
5977That has gotten to mean
5978somethng besides evolution
5979
59801303
598100:54:39,259 --> 00:54:41,259
5982because we don't never see
5983
59841304
598500:54:40,669 --> 00:54:42,752
5986changes from this form into this form
5987
59881305
598900:54:42,777 --> 00:54:45,040
5990in the, in the rocks themselves.
5991
59921306
599300:54:45,228 --> 00:54:47,714
5994So it's coming from somewhere else.
5995
59961307
599700:54:47,753 --> 00:54:51,908
5998It's a, it's a paradigm that is
5999being imposed on the data...
6000
60011308
600200:54:51,943 --> 00:54:53,394
6003rather than the data is...
6004
60051309
600600:54:53,465 --> 00:54:55,472
6007- providing the paradigm.
6008- Uh-huh.
6009
60101310
601100:54:55,576 --> 00:54:59,576
6012So I think it's very easy
6013for me to be a creationist
6014
60151311
601600:54:58,950 --> 00:55:01,105
6017just based on my understanding of...
6018
60191312
602000:55:01,136 --> 00:55:02,964
6021the complexity of life forms.
6022
60231313
602400:55:03,021 --> 00:55:05,021
6025And when we look at
6026the fossil record,
6027
60281314
602900:55:04,740 --> 00:55:07,740
6030we can see the complexity
6031is all there from the beginning
6032
60331315
603400:55:07,371 --> 00:55:10,371
6035- and this, this begs a question of:
6036- Uh-huh.
6037
60381316
603900:55:09,714 --> 00:55:12,154
6040Where did all this complexity come from?
6041
60421317
604300:55:12,216 --> 00:55:14,216
6044It's one thing to have faith.
6045
60461318
604700:55:13,727 --> 00:55:15,383
6048I have faith that God...
6049
60501319
605100:55:15,469 --> 00:55:16,618
6052was a creator,
6053
60541320
605500:55:16,673 --> 00:55:19,673
6056but that's substantiated
6057by what I see around me.
6058
60591321
606000:55:19,406 --> 00:55:20,179
6061Uh-huh.
6062
60631322
606400:55:20,210 --> 00:55:23,334
6065To say I have faith that,
6066that evolution produced this...
6067
60681323
606900:55:23,381 --> 00:55:26,381
6070when I can't even see
6071how it could've happened,
6072
60731324
607400:55:26,257 --> 00:55:27,475
6075that's blind faith.
6076
60771325
607800:55:27,514 --> 00:55:31,514
6079- That's a leap in the dark.
6080- That's a leap in the dark.
6081
60821326
608300:55:31,789 --> 00:55:33,789
6084It seemed that everywhere I looked,
6085
60861327
608700:55:33,649 --> 00:55:35,649
6088there was a growing body of evidence
6089
60901328
609100:55:35,564 --> 00:55:38,422
6092that fits the historical record of Genesis.
6093
60941329
609500:55:38,539 --> 00:55:40,539
6096It wasn't just one thing.
6097
60981330
609900:55:40,329 --> 00:55:43,568
6100It was many things pointing
6101in the same direction.
6102
61031331
610400:55:43,639 --> 00:55:44,722
6105When I was with Art,
6106
61071332
610800:55:44,753 --> 00:55:49,548
6109he told me about some recent discoveries
6110of material inside dinosaur bones.
6111
61121333
611300:55:49,591 --> 00:55:53,591
6114So I traveled to a lab in Arizona
6115to talk to a scientist...
6116
61171334
611800:55:52,913 --> 00:55:55,747
6119who is doing some
6120of that research himself.
6121
61221335
612300:55:59,650 --> 00:56:02,540
6124- This is a fragment of Triceratops horn.
6125- Hhh.
6126
61271336
612800:56:02,579 --> 00:56:04,579
6129Uh, when we pulled it out the ground,
6130
61311337
613200:56:04,159 --> 00:56:05,329
6133it fragmented.
6134
61351338
613600:56:05,361 --> 00:56:08,361
6137And then, of course, we had
6138to continue to fragment it,
6139
61401339
614100:56:07,729 --> 00:56:09,729
6142in order to do analysis of it.
6143
61441340
614500:56:09,728 --> 00:56:11,281
6146Uh, in 2012,
6147
61481341
614900:56:11,321 --> 00:56:14,820
6150the Creationist Research Society
6151sponsored Mark Armitage and I
6152
61531342
615400:56:14,836 --> 00:56:17,875
6155to go to the Hell Creek
6156Formation in Montana,
6157
61581343
615900:56:17,906 --> 00:56:21,336
6160which is very popular place
6161for finding dinosaur bones,
6162
61631344
616400:56:21,397 --> 00:56:23,265
6165and we instead dug out
6166
61671345
616800:56:23,290 --> 00:56:27,394
6169a, almost, four foot long
6170Triceratops brown horn.
6171
61721346
617300:56:27,511 --> 00:56:30,534
6174Now, it's just in crumble pieces now.
6175
61761347
617700:56:30,565 --> 00:56:33,565
6178So we can't really,
6179you know, put it together
6180
61811348
618200:56:32,495 --> 00:56:34,495
6183- and show you a horn.
6184- Uh-huh.
6185
61861349
618700:56:34,106 --> 00:56:36,325
6188But yet, you have
6189to recognize that...
6190
61911350
619200:56:36,388 --> 00:56:38,575
6193pieces susch as this,...
6194
61951351
619600:56:38,685 --> 00:56:41,606
6197we have found tissue...
6198
61991352
620000:56:41,778 --> 00:56:43,318
6201with cells,...
6202
62031353
620400:56:43,372 --> 00:56:45,606
6205- Oh, that's amazing.
6206- And potentially...
6207
62081354
620900:56:45,692 --> 00:56:47,442
6210proteins such as collagen.
6211
62121355
621300:56:47,497 --> 00:56:50,257
6214It's so difficult to understand
6215
62161356
621700:56:50,288 --> 00:56:54,683
6218how you could have this material
6219still in a dinosaur fossil...
6220
62211357
622200:56:54,734 --> 00:56:58,041
6223that is supposed to be 65, 75,
6224
62251358
622600:56:58,066 --> 00:57:00,066
6227- 80 million years of age,
6228- Uh-huh.
6229
62301359
623100:56:59,456 --> 00:57:04,361
6232because tissue, cells,
6233proteins break down.
6234
62351360
623600:57:04,416 --> 00:57:06,416
6237They don't just,
6238they're not concrete.
6239
62401361
624100:57:06,263 --> 00:57:09,263
6242They don't just exist
6243for eons of time.
6244
62451362
624600:57:08,856 --> 00:57:10,856
6247They break down.
6248And, in fact,...
6249
62501363
625100:57:10,474 --> 00:57:12,474
6252they tend to break down
6253fairly quickly,
6254
62551364
625600:57:12,208 --> 00:57:13,617
6257depending upon the conditions.
6258
62591365
626000:57:13,656 --> 00:57:15,624
6261And certainly in Hell Creek,...
6262
62631366
626400:57:15,694 --> 00:57:16,788
6265the conditions would be
6266
62671367
626800:57:16,820 --> 00:57:19,359
6269warmed up, cooled down,
6270warmed up, cooled down.
6271
62721368
627300:57:19,397 --> 00:57:21,397
6274And any biochemist can tell you
6275
62761369
627700:57:20,874 --> 00:57:23,781
6278that is the fastest way
6279to destroy material.
6280
62811370
628200:57:23,843 --> 00:57:26,836
6283It's difficult enough
6284to envision it surviving
6285
62861371
628700:57:26,861 --> 00:57:28,836
6288for 4 or 5000 years.
6289
62901372
629100:57:28,861 --> 00:57:30,494
6292- But, 60 million years?
6293- Hhh.
6294
62951373
629600:57:30,519 --> 00:57:31,519
629770 million years?
6298
62991374
630000:57:31,511 --> 00:57:34,332
6301See, that really becomes
6302very difficult to make
6303
63041375
630500:57:34,341 --> 00:57:37,621
6306any kind of biochemical
6307
63081376
630900:57:37,683 --> 00:57:40,683
6310- basis for how it could have survived.
6311- Uh-huh.
6312
63131377
631400:57:40,276 --> 00:57:43,849
6315Okay, so,
6316once you find a, a,...
6317
63181378
631900:57:43,897 --> 00:57:45,897
6320- a sample like this,
6321- Uh-huh.
6322
63231379
632400:57:44,959 --> 00:57:46,342
6325what do you do next?
6326
63271380
632800:57:46,428 --> 00:57:50,608
6329So, what we do is
6330we soak the fossil material
6331
63321381
633300:57:50,633 --> 00:57:53,766
6334in a solution called E.D.T.A.
6335
63361382
633700:57:53,805 --> 00:57:56,805
6338And what you'll have
6339after dissolving the fossil,
6340
63411383
634200:57:56,617 --> 00:57:57,768
6343the tissuewill be remaining
6344
63451384
634600:57:57,795 --> 00:57:59,921
6347because the EDTA won't
6348dissolve the tissue.
6349
63501385
635100:57:59,961 --> 00:58:02,002
6352- Hhh.
6353- So then I bring this over to...
6354
63551386
635600:58:02,096 --> 00:58:04,299
6357uh, what we call a dissection...
6358
63591387
636000:58:04,339 --> 00:58:06,049
6361- microscope.
6362- Uh-huh.
6363
63641388
636500:58:06,136 --> 00:58:08,654
6366This is, in essence, dissolved...
6367
63681389
636900:58:08,709 --> 00:58:10,834
6370Triceratops horn.
6371
63721390
637300:58:10,912 --> 00:58:12,084
6374Magnified...
6375
63761391
637700:58:12,123 --> 00:58:15,123
6378And so, you can see
6379what it looks like.
6380
63811392
638200:58:13,734 --> 00:58:16,813
6383Just like of little,
6384little pieces of rock.
6385
63861393
638700:58:17,322 --> 00:58:19,608
6388Well, Kevin,
6389what did you find then...
6390
63911394
639200:58:19,647 --> 00:58:22,733
6393uh, when you, when you were
6394looking at the sample
6395
63961395
639700:58:22,772 --> 00:58:25,319
6398and you actually found
6399some, some tissue?
6400
64011396
640200:58:25,467 --> 00:58:27,467
6403Okay, here is what we found.
6404
64051397
640600:58:27,381 --> 00:58:29,787
6407This is actually Triceratops tissue.
6408
64091398
641000:58:29,842 --> 00:58:31,233
6411It's stretchable.
6412
64131399
641400:58:31,303 --> 00:58:32,616
6415It's pliable.
6416
64171400
641800:58:32,670 --> 00:58:34,670
6419- It's not an impression
6420- Hhh.
6421
64221401
642300:58:34,444 --> 00:58:36,999
6424of the soft part of the dinosaur.
6425
64261402
642700:58:37,053 --> 00:58:38,743
6428This is truely soft.
6429
64301403
643100:58:38,768 --> 00:58:39,803
6432It is squishy.
6433
64341404
643500:58:39,828 --> 00:58:41,969
6436It is stretchable.
6437It is tissue.
6438
64391405
644000:58:41,994 --> 00:58:43,225
6441That blows your mind, huh?
6442
64431406
644400:58:43,250 --> 00:58:44,314
6445Absolutely.
6446
64471407
644800:58:44,349 --> 00:58:48,570
6449And if you look at them
6450in the closer magnification,...
6451
64521408
645300:58:49,148 --> 00:58:53,067
6454what we see then, this is using
6455scanning electron microscopy,
6456
64571409
645800:58:53,102 --> 00:58:57,088
6459you can see the extreme
6460detail of the cells.
6461
64621410
646300:58:57,213 --> 00:58:59,274
6464And that picture and this picture,
6465
64661411
646700:58:59,299 --> 00:59:01,417
6468and particularly like,
6469look at this picture...
6470
64711412
647200:59:01,479 --> 00:59:03,262
6473we would not expect,
6474
64751413
647600:59:03,309 --> 00:59:08,051
6477we didn't expect to see such
6478enormous and elaborate detail.
6479
64801414
648100:59:08,129 --> 00:59:10,808
6482I mean, these structures
6483are incredibly small.
6484
64851415
648600:59:10,833 --> 00:59:13,833
6487You know, this is
6488our 20 micron bar here.
6489
64901416
649100:59:13,161 --> 00:59:15,161
6492You see how small
6493these structures are...
6494
64951417
649600:59:15,075 --> 00:59:16,497
6497- still intact.
6498- Yeah.
6499
65001418
650100:59:16,522 --> 00:59:18,974
6502It would take very little
6503to break those.
6504
65051419
650600:59:19,009 --> 00:59:23,009
6507So at best, you would expect
6508that all that would have broken off
6509
65101420
651100:59:22,230 --> 00:59:24,230
6512- and been long gone.
6513- Uh-huh.
6514
65151421
651600:59:23,659 --> 00:59:26,700
6517So, that has, has to have...
6518
65191422
652000:59:26,763 --> 00:59:29,191
6521shaken up the scientific community.
6522
65231423
652400:59:29,230 --> 00:59:32,230
6525What has been
6526the response to all of this?
6527
65281424
652900:59:31,691 --> 00:59:33,427
6530The initial response,
6531
65321425
653300:59:33,458 --> 00:59:36,700
6534when Dr. Schweitzer
6535first published her work,...
6536
65371426
653800:59:36,747 --> 00:59:40,593
6539which is what became
6540very popularized in 2005,
6541
65421427
654300:59:40,624 --> 00:59:42,772
6544it generated a lot of response.
6545
65461428
654700:59:42,866 --> 00:59:46,412
6548And so initially, some of
6549the reaction was rejection.
6550
65511429
655200:59:46,447 --> 00:59:48,055
6553Oh, it's contamination.
6554
65551430
655600:59:48,087 --> 00:59:49,087
6557You know, those,
6558
65591431
656000:59:48,901 --> 00:59:50,901
6561- Oh.
6562- that's not really dinosaur.
6563
65641432
656500:59:50,524 --> 00:59:52,578
6566It's bacteria.
6567
65681433
656900:59:52,626 --> 00:59:55,344
6570Because bacteria can look
6571kind of strange sometimes.
6572
65731434
657400:59:55,376 --> 00:59:59,376
6575So, you have a lot of
6576proposals of what it could be.
6577
65781435
657900:59:59,299 --> 01:00:04,199
6580And to her credit,
6581Dr. Schweitzer did more work.
6582
65831436
658401:00:04,246 --> 01:00:06,028
6585They began to find protein.
6586
65871437
658801:00:06,059 --> 01:00:08,059
6589You break open some of these cells,
6590
65911438
659201:00:07,933 --> 01:00:09,099
6593you look in them
6594
65951439
659601:00:09,124 --> 01:00:12,833
6597at the matrix these cells are
6598attached to and their protein.
6599
66001440
660101:00:12,904 --> 01:00:15,371
6602Okay, so once that is uh,
6603
66041441
660501:00:15,396 --> 01:00:16,951
6606- understood,
6607- Yes.
6608
66091442
661001:00:16,988 --> 01:00:18,417
6611then, what happens?
6612
66131443
661401:00:18,464 --> 01:00:20,464
6615No, this is shaking it up, I guess.
6616
66171444
661801:00:20,402 --> 01:00:22,714
6619That becomes part of the controversy.
6620
66211445
662201:00:22,739 --> 01:00:25,525
6623Because, clearly,
6624you now face with
6625
66261446
662701:00:25,550 --> 01:00:28,556
6628How could you explain
6629the survival of this?
6630
66311447
663201:00:28,581 --> 01:00:30,527
6633- The pristine survival...
6634- Hhh.
6635
66361448
663701:00:30,552 --> 01:00:31,620
6638of this.
6639
66401449
664101:00:31,667 --> 01:00:33,769
6642Not only for so long,
6643
66441450
664501:00:33,831 --> 01:00:36,323
6646- but in very unpristine condition.
6647- Uh-huh.
6648
66491451
665001:00:36,355 --> 01:00:38,355
6651And so then,
6652the controversy has been,
6653
66541452
665501:00:38,294 --> 01:00:39,454
6656How do you explain it?
6657
66581453
665901:00:39,486 --> 01:00:40,486
6660- Uh-huh.
6661- And...
6662
66631454
666401:00:40,298 --> 01:00:42,843
6665if you read some of the literature,
6666
66671455
666801:00:42,882 --> 01:00:44,913
6669there is almost like desperation of,
6670
66711456
667201:00:44,938 --> 01:00:46,437
6673because they recognize...
6674
66751457
667601:00:46,484 --> 01:00:48,484
6677what the implications of this could be.
6678
66791458
668001:00:48,460 --> 01:00:51,460
6681Now, some people would claim:
6682Well, it means nothing,
6683
66841459
668501:00:50,728 --> 01:00:52,728
6686because we know how old they are,
6687
66881460
668901:00:52,135 --> 01:00:54,189
6690and therefore, it just means
6691it survived somehow.
6692
66931461
669401:00:54,220 --> 01:00:55,296
6695Big deal.
6696
66971462
669801:00:55,321 --> 01:00:58,321
6699But, how do you know
6700how old they are?
6701
67021463
670301:00:57,049 --> 01:00:58,399
6704Would you use methods?
6705
67061464
670701:00:58,424 --> 01:00:59,541
6708Suppose methods of dating.
6709
67101465
671101:00:59,567 --> 01:01:01,567
6712Well, this is a method of dating.
6713
67141466
671501:01:01,532 --> 01:01:03,978
6716The tissue itself can't be discounted
6717
67181467
671901:01:04,009 --> 01:01:06,009
6720- as part of a method of dating.
6721- Hhh.
6722
67231468
672401:01:05,574 --> 01:01:09,574
6725So, why do you say that doesn't count,
6726but this does count?
6727
67281469
672901:01:08,421 --> 01:01:12,240
6730Well, it's all about the paradigm
6731drives your conclusions.
6732
67331470
673401:01:12,265 --> 01:01:14,265
6735The paradigm is,
6736it has to be old,
6737
67381471
673901:01:14,029 --> 01:01:18,029
6740therefore, methods that give us
6741an old fossil are what we choose.
6742
67431472
674401:01:17,931 --> 01:01:20,931
6745Something that doesn't give us
6746an old fossil, like tissue,
6747
67481473
674901:01:20,601 --> 01:01:23,601
6750- we have to reject or explain away.
6751- Uh-huh.
6752
67531474
675401:01:23,453 --> 01:01:27,453
6755At least to me, and I, of course,
6756I'm not a microbiologist, but...
6757
67581475
675901:01:27,140 --> 01:01:29,431
6760I think most people uh, would say:
6761
67621476
676301:01:29,456 --> 01:01:32,470
6764Well, that, that just seems
6765reasonable to think that,
6766
67671477
676801:01:32,495 --> 01:01:34,878
6769maybe, these are not that old.
6770
67711478
677201:01:34,931 --> 01:01:39,167
6773Clearly, this is in violation of
6774the dating process.
6775
67761479
677701:01:39,192 --> 01:01:40,245
6778It challenges...
6779
67801480
678101:01:40,285 --> 01:01:42,285
6782- the entire dating process.
6783- Uh-huh.
6784
67851481
678601:01:42,199 --> 01:01:45,636
6787If the fossils of dinosaurs
6788have been dated incorrectly,
6789
67901482
679101:01:45,661 --> 01:01:48,661
6792which I would say, this is
6793a clear evidence they have,
6794
67951483
679601:01:48,410 --> 01:01:50,632
6797then it's very likely
6798
67991484
680001:01:50,663 --> 01:01:53,835
6801the fossils of any organism
6802had been dated incorrectly.
6803
68041485
680501:01:53,860 --> 01:01:54,889
6806And therefore then,
6807
68081486
680901:01:54,920 --> 01:01:57,358
6810the geological ages
6811themselves are incorrect.
6812
68131487
681401:01:57,389 --> 01:02:01,389
6815What you're saying is that
6816if you pull out the notion of
6817
68181488
681901:02:00,920 --> 01:02:03,711
6820a long period of time,...
6821
68221489
682301:02:03,750 --> 01:02:06,422
6824uh, you're pulling out a major...
6825
68261490
682701:02:06,462 --> 01:02:07,837
6828- foundation...
6829- Hhh.
6830
68311491
683201:02:07,868 --> 01:02:09,472
6833uh, for the conventional paradigm.
6834
68351492
683601:02:09,519 --> 01:02:10,440
6837Absolutely.
6838
68391493
684001:02:10,472 --> 01:02:15,815
6841In fact, time is the critical
6842component for evolution.
6843
68441494
684501:02:15,970 --> 01:02:18,349
6846If you're going to say that...
6847
68481495
684901:02:18,427 --> 01:02:22,896
6850a simple cellular system became
6851a multicellular system,
6852
68531496
685401:02:22,927 --> 01:02:25,190
6855and then became fish,...
6856
68571497
685801:02:25,299 --> 01:02:26,809
6859and the fish then...
6860
68611498
686201:02:26,856 --> 01:02:28,924
6863jumped up on land and grew legs
6864
68651499
686601:02:28,949 --> 01:02:30,504
6867- and started breathing air,
6868- Hhh.
6869
68701500
687101:02:30,543 --> 01:02:32,801
6872and then that creature
6873
68741501
687501:02:32,848 --> 01:02:35,551
6876grew feathers and wings
6877and started flying...
6878
68791502
688001:02:35,635 --> 01:02:37,848
6881So if you give us time,
6882
68831503
688401:02:37,888 --> 01:02:41,317
6885we'll claim to account
6886for all of this...
6887
68881504
688901:02:41,371 --> 01:02:43,940
6890massive change of organisms.
6891
68921505
689301:02:43,965 --> 01:02:46,160
6894But, we got to have the time.
6895
68961506
689701:02:46,723 --> 01:02:50,168
6898Everything seemed to come back
6899to the question of time.
6900
69011507
690201:02:50,285 --> 01:02:51,795
6903I remembered Andrew saying that
6904
69051508
690601:02:51,820 --> 01:02:54,940
6907Charles Darwin accepted
6908the millions of years first,
6909
69101509
691101:02:54,996 --> 01:02:58,193
6912then fit his theory of evolution
6913to that assumption.
6914
69151510
691601:02:58,271 --> 01:03:02,578
6917But why is time such
6918an important element to evolution?
6919
69201511
692101:03:10,782 --> 01:03:12,782
6922Rob Carter is a marine biologist.
6923
69241512
692501:03:12,696 --> 01:03:14,696
6926So we took this scuba diving...
6927
69281513
692901:03:14,478 --> 01:03:18,478
6930to get a glimpse of a world
6931most people don't see.
6932
69331514
693401:03:17,548 --> 01:03:19,689
6935His specialty was coral.
6936
69371515
693801:03:19,814 --> 01:03:22,814
6939And he knew a lot about
6940the incredible creatures
6941
69421516
694301:03:22,205 --> 01:03:25,673
6944that inhabit the reefs
6945around St. Thomas.
6946
69471517
694801:03:25,988 --> 01:03:28,214
6949Oh man, we got the sharks here?
6950
69511518
695201:03:28,261 --> 01:03:30,261
6953The mean in which how they move,
6954
69551519
695601:03:29,630 --> 01:03:31,800
6957and it's almost like effortlessly
6958
69591520
696001:03:31,910 --> 01:03:33,465
6961glide along.
6962
69631521
696401:03:33,472 --> 01:03:35,472
6965I wish I could swim like that.
6966
69671522
696801:03:35,005 --> 01:03:37,128
6969Engineers wish we could
6970make boats like that.
6971
69721523
697301:03:37,153 --> 01:03:37,613
6974Yeah.
6975
69761524
697701:03:37,622 --> 01:03:40,622
6978Submarines that could move
6979as efficiently as a shark,
6980
69811525
698201:03:40,066 --> 01:03:42,066
6983we can't quite do it.
6984
69851526
698601:03:42,154 --> 01:03:44,731
6987So from your perspective
6988as a marine biologist,
6989
69901527
699101:03:44,756 --> 01:03:48,756
6992and I know that you've studied
6993the whole area of ​​genetics alot,...
6994
69951528
699601:03:48,498 --> 01:03:49,256
6997Yes.
6998
69991529
700001:03:49,295 --> 01:03:51,649
7001when people talk about
7002evolution, what is it?
7003
70041530
700501:03:51,674 --> 01:03:53,445
7006How do you define evolution?
7007
70081531
700901:03:53,496 --> 01:03:55,702
7010The word means "change over time".
7011
70121532
701301:03:55,813 --> 01:03:58,508
7014But, I believe in change over time.
7015
70161533
701701:03:58,625 --> 01:04:00,625
7018But I'm not an evolutionist.
7019
70201534
702101:03:59,916 --> 01:04:01,916
7022So how does one figure this out?
7023
70241535
702501:04:01,650 --> 01:04:04,438
7026Really, evolution is a belief...
7027
70281536
702901:04:04,552 --> 01:04:06,797
7030that enough change over time,...
7031
70321537
703301:04:06,872 --> 01:04:08,477
7034over enough time,...
7035
70361538
703701:04:08,549 --> 01:04:11,549
7038can lead to the common ancestry
7039of all species on Earth.
7040
70411539
704201:04:11,322 --> 01:04:11,881
7043Alright.
7044
70451540
704601:04:11,906 --> 01:04:13,906
7047So that's the part I reject.
7048
70491541
705001:04:13,625 --> 01:04:14,695
7051Of course, species change.
7052
70531542
705401:04:14,720 --> 01:04:16,720
7055I mean, look at these sharks here.
7056
70571543
705801:04:16,002 --> 01:04:18,203
7059We have several different
7060species of sharks.
7061
70621544
706301:04:18,253 --> 01:04:19,566
7064When God created,
7065
70661545
706701:04:19,605 --> 01:04:22,355
7068He put in to those organisms the ability
7069
70701546
707101:04:22,386 --> 01:04:23,925
7072to change,
7073to adapt,
7074
70751547
707601:04:23,956 --> 01:04:26,339
7077- to respond dynamically...
7078- Uh-huh.
7079
70801548
708101:04:26,363 --> 01:04:27,660
7082to the environment.
7083
70841549
708501:04:27,730 --> 01:04:29,496
7086But, they're still sharks.
7087
70881550
708901:04:29,566 --> 01:04:31,566
7090And when we look at
7091the fossil record,...
7092
70931551
709401:04:31,270 --> 01:04:33,300
7095- they're still sharks.
7096- Uh-huh.
7097
70981552
709901:04:33,332 --> 01:04:36,332
7100Yeah, people have heard
7101the phrase the "missing link",...
7102
71031553
710401:04:35,691 --> 01:04:38,691
7105and they usually think of
7106between man and monkeys.
7107
71081554
710901:04:37,808 --> 01:04:39,808
7110No, this missing link is between
7111
71121555
711301:04:39,136 --> 01:04:41,136
7114almost every major group of animal,
7115
71161556
711701:04:40,972 --> 01:04:44,044
7118and almost every other major
7119group of animal and plant,
7120
71211557
712201:04:44,069 --> 01:04:47,185
7123and bacteria throughout
7124the entire fossil record.
7125
71261558
712701:04:47,226 --> 01:04:49,021
7128Which indicates very strongly...
7129
71301559
713101:04:49,052 --> 01:04:52,255
7132that these are actually
7133different creations.
7134
71351560
713601:04:52,368 --> 01:04:55,368
7137So we don't get one kind
7138becoming another kind?
7139
71401561
714101:04:54,577 --> 01:04:55,372
7142No.
7143
71441562
714501:04:55,400 --> 01:04:57,788
7146Evolution theory requires that...
7147
71481563
714901:04:57,827 --> 01:05:01,757
7150small, random changes
7151can explain everything we see.
7152
71531564
715401:05:01,805 --> 01:05:03,805
7155- Uh-huh.
7156- But, it can't.
7157
71581565
715901:05:03,754 --> 01:05:04,796
7160And why can't it?
7161
71621566
716301:05:04,821 --> 01:05:07,663
7164Because life is so complex...
7165
71661567
716701:05:07,683 --> 01:05:09,692
7168that small changes can't explain it.
7169
71701568
717101:05:09,734 --> 01:05:12,734
7172Just like you can't take
7173a computer operating system,...
7174
71751569
717601:05:12,543 --> 01:05:13,011
7177Uh-huh.
7178
71791570
718001:05:13,036 --> 01:05:17,036
7181and look at it and say,
7182oh yeah, this is built up
7183
71841571
718501:05:14,706 --> 01:05:16,706
7186- one digit at a time...
7187- Right.
7188
71891572
719001:05:16,471 --> 01:05:18,190
7191over any length of time.
7192
71931573
719401:05:18,221 --> 01:05:21,221
7195No, it took an intelligent
7196person to sit down...
7197
71981574
719901:05:20,667 --> 01:05:22,003
7200and put it together.
7201
72021575
720301:05:22,049 --> 01:05:26,049
7204Well, I can guarantee you
7205as one who is in that world...
7206
72071576
720801:05:25,067 --> 01:05:29,067
7209that if anyone in the area of
7210​​computer science would have said,
7211
72121577
721301:05:28,788 --> 01:05:32,030
7214we just randomly change some things
7215in this operating system,
7216
72171578
721801:05:32,055 --> 01:05:33,069
7219it'll get better.
7220
72211579
722201:05:33,100 --> 01:05:35,100
7223I mean, no one would
7224agree with that.
7225
72261580
722701:05:34,569 --> 01:05:36,694
7228No, we're not gonna get the shark...
7229
72301581
723101:05:36,749 --> 01:05:39,030
7232to evolve into a bird.
7233
72341582
723501:05:39,139 --> 01:05:41,389
7236The, the, the number of changes
7237
72381583
723901:05:41,421 --> 01:05:43,140
7240and the type of changes...
7241
72421584
724301:05:43,202 --> 01:05:45,506
7244- are not something you could do...
7245- Uh-huh.
7246
72471585
724801:05:45,577 --> 01:05:47,756
7249one change at a time.
7250
72511586
725201:05:50,619 --> 01:05:53,005
7253This is a sea urchin.
7254
72551587
725601:05:53,173 --> 01:05:54,200
7257Looks spiny.
7258
72591588
726001:05:54,227 --> 01:05:56,227
7261It's pointy.
7262You have to be careful.
7263
72641589
726501:05:55,758 --> 01:05:59,758
7266- Am I gonna get stuck if I touch it?
7267- No, no, no.
7268
72691590
727001:05:57,805 --> 01:05:58,807
7271It's pointy, but...
7272
72731591
727401:05:58,846 --> 01:06:00,846
7275Oh my goodness,
7276they, they're moving.
7277
72781592
727901:06:00,178 --> 01:06:01,495
7280Yes, they're moving.
7281
72821593
728301:06:01,719 --> 01:06:04,719
7284And then between the spines,
7285there are little tube feet.
7286
72871594
728801:06:04,638 --> 01:06:06,807
7289Especially, in the bottom.
7290
72911595
729201:06:08,314 --> 01:06:09,838
7293Oh, look at that movement.
7294
72951596
729601:06:09,900 --> 01:06:12,152
7297- So he walks with his spines...
7298- Huh.
7299
73001597
730101:06:12,192 --> 01:06:14,192
7302but his little tube feet in here,
7303
73041598
730501:06:13,900 --> 01:06:16,900
7306and that's what he uses
7307to grab on to things...
7308
73091599
731001:06:15,894 --> 01:06:17,582
7311But look, looking carefully...
7312
73131600
731401:06:17,605 --> 01:06:20,605
7315there is one, two, three,
7316four, five, six, seven...
7317
73181601
731901:06:19,754 --> 01:06:23,324
7320there are actually ten
7321radial parts to this animal.
7322
73231602
732401:06:23,449 --> 01:06:24,285
7325Huh!
7326
73271603
732801:06:24,324 --> 01:06:26,324
7329Actually, the starfish is his cousin.
7330
73311604
733201:06:26,339 --> 01:06:28,339
7333Are you seriously?
7334You can't be serious.
7335
73361605
733701:06:27,927 --> 01:06:28,933
7338Absolutely.
7339
73401606
734101:06:28,958 --> 01:06:32,300
7342A starfish here is
7343also an echinoderm.
7344
73451607
734601:06:32,363 --> 01:06:34,363
7347But note, it has five full symmetry...
7348
73491608
735001:06:34,317 --> 01:06:36,317
7351-  instead of 10.
7352- Uh-huh. Yeah.
7353
73541609
735501:06:35,912 --> 01:06:37,292
7356This starfish does.
7357
73581610
735901:06:37,390 --> 01:06:39,201
7360At the bottom, look...
7361
73621611
736301:06:39,530 --> 01:06:42,530
7364we see the spines,
7365we see the tube feet.
7366
73671612
736801:06:42,498 --> 01:06:45,047
7369- His mouth is in the center there.
7370- Huh.
7371
73721613
737301:06:45,336 --> 01:06:47,336
7374So there are some similarities here?
7375
73761614
737701:06:47,234 --> 01:06:48,109
7378- Similarities...
7379- Eventhough,
7380
73811615
738201:06:48,133 --> 01:06:49,561
7383externally, looks a lot different.
7384
73851616
738601:06:49,586 --> 01:06:50,586
7387A lot different...
7388
73891617
739001:06:50,297 --> 01:06:53,297
7391You want to see something
7392that looks a lot different?
7393
73941618
739501:06:52,047 --> 01:06:54,211
7396- Sure.
7397- Which is cousin to the starfish
7398
73991619
740001:06:54,242 --> 01:06:55,459
7401- and sea urchins.
7402- Okay.
7403
74041620
740501:06:55,484 --> 01:06:56,656
7406Alright.
7407
74081621
740901:06:56,686 --> 01:06:58,686
7410It almost looks like a rock.
7411
74121622
741301:06:57,986 --> 01:06:59,986
7414Yes, yes, I got to be careful.
7415
74161623
741701:06:59,990 --> 01:07:01,303
7418He's squirting on me.
7419
74201624
742101:07:01,443 --> 01:07:04,544
7422- This is a sea cucumber.
7423- No.
7424
74251625
742601:07:04,583 --> 01:07:06,583
7427- I'll be...
7428- He has spines.
7429
74301626
743101:07:06,863 --> 01:07:08,458
7432He has...
7433
74341627
743501:07:08,513 --> 01:07:09,631
7436Huh.
7437
74381628
743901:07:09,693 --> 01:07:11,324
7440- tube feet.
7441- Oh my goodness.
7442
74431629
744401:07:11,349 --> 01:07:14,679
7445You'd never know until
7446you study really hard...
7447
74481630
744901:07:14,742 --> 01:07:17,210
7450that this is also an echinoderm.
7451
74521631
745301:07:17,304 --> 01:07:20,304
7454He's not very happy
7455to be out of water
7456
74571632
745801:07:19,156 --> 01:07:21,156
7459- so let me put him back in.
7460- Yeah.
7461
74621633
746301:07:20,249 --> 01:07:21,453
7464So these are all related
7465
74661634
746701:07:21,488 --> 01:07:23,554
7468eventhough, they look
7469very, very different.
7470
74711635
747201:07:23,593 --> 01:07:25,406
7473Related in their creation.
7474
74751636
747601:07:25,431 --> 01:07:27,431
7477- Uh-huh.
7478- Not in an evolutionary sense,
7479
74801637
748101:07:27,460 --> 01:07:29,288
7482but, our Creator...
7483
74841638
748501:07:29,367 --> 01:07:31,398
7486took this phylum of life,...
7487
74881639
748901:07:31,507 --> 01:07:32,898
7490the echinoderms,
7491
74921640
749301:07:33,023 --> 01:07:35,695
7494and created this and this and this
7495
74961641
749701:07:35,734 --> 01:07:36,928
7498on a similar pattern.
7499
75001642
750101:07:36,960 --> 01:07:40,960
7502And that's what we see
7503across the entire realm of life,
7504
75051643
750601:07:39,740 --> 01:07:41,701
7507- Uh-huh.
7508- similarities and differences.
7509
75101644
751101:07:41,828 --> 01:07:44,275
7512So, what makes them different?
7513
75141645
751501:07:44,314 --> 01:07:46,902
7516Well, genetically, they share...
7517
75181646
751901:07:46,948 --> 01:07:49,143
7520most of their genes in common.
7521
75221647
752301:07:49,346 --> 01:07:51,603
7524But, they develop mental genes,
7525
75261648
752701:07:51,635 --> 01:07:53,119
7528they're called Hox genes,
7529
75301649
753101:07:53,150 --> 01:07:54,996
7532that set up these patterns
7533
75341650
753501:07:55,021 --> 01:07:57,021
7536in the animals as they develop.
7537
75381651
753901:07:56,355 --> 01:07:58,355
7540They develop from a single cell.
7541
75421652
754301:07:58,248 --> 01:08:02,248
7544Then in one of them,
7545they set up a five-fold symmetry.
7546
75471653
754801:08:00,885 --> 01:08:03,885
7549in another, they set up
7550a ten-fold symmetry.
7551
75521654
755301:08:02,746 --> 01:08:05,717
7554Another one, they make
7555this long skinny animal.
7556
75571655
755801:08:05,779 --> 01:08:07,873
7559They control the development...
7560
75611656
756201:08:07,912 --> 01:08:10,589
7563of the embryo in these amazing ways.
7564
75651657
756601:08:10,678 --> 01:08:14,678
7567So what you're saying,
7568when we look at this from uh, um,...
7569
75701658
757101:08:14,139 --> 01:08:17,201
7572a molecular or genetic perspective,...
7573
75741659
757501:08:17,303 --> 01:08:22,238
7576uh, what we're finding is
7577really a fascinating design...
7578
75791660
758001:08:22,279 --> 01:08:24,076
7581- in all of this.
7582- Absolutely.
7583
75841661
758501:08:24,201 --> 01:08:27,836
7586But, what we heard in
7587the conventional paradigm,
7588
75891662
759001:08:27,867 --> 01:08:30,086
7591the conventional story tells us...
7592
75931663
759401:08:30,133 --> 01:08:32,772
7595that is those random changes
7596
75971664
759801:08:32,797 --> 01:08:34,797
7599that has brought about all of this.
7600
76011665
760201:08:34,789 --> 01:08:35,447
7603Sure.
7604
76051666
760601:08:35,482 --> 01:08:36,867
7607Back in the eighteen hundreds,
7608
76091667
761001:08:36,898 --> 01:08:38,898
7611- when life was simple,
7612- Uh-huh.
7613
76141668
761501:08:38,449 --> 01:08:41,449
7616when they didn't know what
7617was happening inside the cell,
7618
76191669
762001:08:40,320 --> 01:08:42,383
7621they didn't know
7622how complex genetics was,
7623
76241670
762501:08:42,430 --> 01:08:44,430
7626you could imagine
7627all sorts of things.
7628
76291671
763001:08:44,336 --> 01:08:46,336
7631But now that we know
7632what actually happens
7633
76341672
763501:08:46,174 --> 01:08:47,283
7636- behind the scence,
7637- Hhh.
7638
76391673
764001:08:47,315 --> 01:08:49,315
7641the story gets a lot more complicated.
7642
76431674
764401:08:49,033 --> 01:08:52,033
7645You see, I like to say
7646that the genome...
7647
76481675
764901:08:51,379 --> 01:08:53,160
7650- is four-dimensional.
7651- Hhh.
7652
76531676
765401:08:53,199 --> 01:08:56,199
7655We, we have a one
7656dimensional string called DNA.
7657
76581677
765901:08:55,855 --> 01:08:58,121
7660And if you want to draw that out,
7661
76621678
766301:08:58,176 --> 01:09:01,176
7664you have to write all the letters of DNA,
7665
76661679
766701:08:59,910 --> 01:09:01,910
7668I don't, all three billion of them,
7669
76701680
767101:09:01,691 --> 01:09:04,691
7672and then you have
7673to draw lines or arrows...
7674
76751681
767601:09:03,988 --> 01:09:07,988
7677from one part to anotherpart
7678because this part turns this part off,
7679
76801682
768101:09:06,613 --> 01:09:09,613
7682this part interferes with this,
7683this part enhances this.
7684
76851683
768601:09:09,254 --> 01:09:11,358
7687It is a huge two dimensional
7688interaction network.
7689
76901684
769101:09:11,404 --> 01:09:14,404
7692that's a way you have
7693a two-dimensional genome.
7694
76951685
769601:09:13,615 --> 01:09:14,615
7697Hey, let me, let me
7698
76991686
770001:09:14,326 --> 01:09:16,326
7701- stop you for a second,
7702- Alright.
7703
77041687
770501:09:15,092 --> 01:09:16,787
7706because this is really amazing...
7707
77081688
770901:09:16,834 --> 01:09:18,365
7710to think about this because...
7711
77121689
771301:09:18,412 --> 01:09:21,412
7714um, I think, in terms of
7715a computer program
7716
77171690
771801:09:21,414 --> 01:09:22,676
7719that is fairly static.
7720
77211691
772201:09:22,701 --> 01:09:24,701
7723- I mean, the instructions are there.
7724- Yeah.
7725
77261692
772701:09:24,545 --> 01:09:26,555
7728But, you're talking about a program
7729
77301693
773101:09:26,586 --> 01:09:28,569
7732- that is reprogramming itself.
7733- Oh.
7734
77351694
773601:09:28,594 --> 01:09:30,594
7737That's modifying its own instructions.
7738
77391695
774001:09:30,344 --> 01:09:32,344
7741Wait until you get to fourth dimension.
7742
77431696
774401:09:31,712 --> 01:09:32,766
7745Oh, okay.
7746
77471697
774801:09:32,816 --> 01:09:34,816
7749Because there is a third dimension first.
7750
77511698
775201:09:34,399 --> 01:09:37,573
7753The information in that first dimension,
7754that linear string,...
7755
77561699
775701:09:37,602 --> 01:09:39,727
7758has to be organized in such a way...
7759
77601700
776101:09:39,756 --> 01:09:42,482
7762that when it folds
7763into the third dimension,
7764
77651701
776601:09:42,529 --> 01:09:43,537
7767it still works.
7768
77691702
777001:09:43,572 --> 01:09:44,669
7771Oh, that's amazing.
7772
77731703
777401:09:44,707 --> 01:09:47,707
7775Genes that are used together
7776are next to each other.
7777
77781704
777901:09:47,045 --> 01:09:49,045
7780- In 3D space.
7781- I'll be...
7782
77831705
778401:09:48,857 --> 01:09:52,137
7785Are you saying that once
7786this thing gets folded up,
7787
77881706
778901:09:52,162 --> 01:09:54,162
7790It's almost like we have...
7791
77921707
779301:09:53,615 --> 01:09:55,615
7794- a new set of instructions?
7795- Yes.
7796
77971708
779801:09:55,427 --> 01:09:56,896
7799And new level of information.
7800
78011709
780201:09:56,943 --> 01:09:58,246
7803- Unbelievable.
7804- That...
7805
78061710
780701:09:58,271 --> 01:10:00,373
7808whoever programmed that first level...
7809
78101711
781101:10:00,404 --> 01:10:02,404
7812needed to understand
7813what was gonna happen...
7814
78151712
781601:10:02,209 --> 01:10:04,209
7817have it work in the third level.
7818
78191713
782001:10:03,705 --> 01:10:05,705
7821But, you said there is
7822another dimension even.
7823
78241714
782501:10:05,625 --> 01:10:07,977
7826Oh yeah.
7827The fourth dimension is time.
7828
78291715
783001:10:08,133 --> 01:10:09,352
7831And how does that work?
7832
78331716
783401:10:09,383 --> 01:10:11,219
7835The genome changes shape...
7836
78371717
783801:10:11,313 --> 01:10:12,594
7839over time.
7840
78411718
784201:10:12,633 --> 01:10:15,633
7843Maybe, you eat something
7844that's bad for you...
7845
78461719
784701:10:15,148 --> 01:10:18,322
7848and your liver says,
7849I can get rid of that toxin.
7850
78511720
785201:10:18,347 --> 01:10:22,244
7853Now, the chromosomes in
7854the liver will change shape,
7855
78561721
785701:10:22,547 --> 01:10:25,232
7858expose that new protein gene,
7859
78601722
786101:10:25,295 --> 01:10:27,318
7862make copies of it,...
7863
78641723
786501:10:27,529 --> 01:10:30,997
7866build the brand new protein
7867that can kill off that toxin,...
7868
78691724
787001:10:31,068 --> 01:10:33,068
7871and when it's not needed anymore,
7872
78731725
787401:10:32,451 --> 01:10:35,451
7875- they change shape again and fold back.
7876- Oh my goodness.
7877
78781726
787901:10:34,646 --> 01:10:36,349
7880Dynamic programming.
7881
78821727
788301:10:36,428 --> 01:10:38,537
7884All three levels...
7885
78861728
788701:10:38,591 --> 01:10:41,591
7888change in the fourth level time.
7889
78901729
789101:10:41,796 --> 01:10:45,237
7892Rob, that's so far beyond
7893anything that we know.
7894
78951730
789601:10:45,262 --> 01:10:47,827
7897Even in our most complex
7898software systems
7899
79001731
790101:10:47,842 --> 01:10:51,280
7902that it, it's almost beyond
7903imagination to think...
7904
79051732
790601:10:51,348 --> 01:10:53,600
7907that someone would look at that
7908
79091733
791001:10:53,625 --> 01:10:55,625
7911and say,
7912it all happened by chance.
7913
79141734
791501:10:55,344 --> 01:10:57,344
7916Yes, and only brings glory to God.
7917
79181735
791901:10:57,274 --> 01:10:58,047
7920It does.
7921
79221736
792301:10:58,078 --> 01:11:00,078
7924You can't build something like that up
7925
79261737
792701:10:59,745 --> 01:11:01,745
7928- one thing at a time.
7929- Yeah.
7930
79311738
793201:11:00,938 --> 01:11:02,909
7933You need it function.
7934
79351739
793601:11:03,018 --> 01:11:06,010
7937In, in all its interlocking
7938four dimensional complexity,
7939
79401740
794101:11:06,049 --> 01:11:08,049
7942it's not something you can do...
7943
79441741
794501:11:07,588 --> 01:11:08,948
7946one letter at a time...
7947
79481742
794901:11:08,987 --> 01:11:10,360
7950- with natural selection.
7951- Uh-huh.
7952
79531743
795401:11:10,385 --> 01:11:12,385
7955It all has to be there.
7956
79571744
795801:11:11,645 --> 01:11:14,645
7959Yeah, in the same way
7960when we talk about
7961
79621745
796301:11:13,317 --> 01:11:15,379
7964the environment down here
7965at the coral reef.
7966
79671746
796801:11:15,442 --> 01:11:19,442
7969If you don't have all these
7970interlocking pieces in that puzzle,
7971
79721747
797301:11:18,653 --> 01:11:20,653
7974you don't have that ecology.
7975
79761748
797701:11:20,538 --> 01:11:22,538
7978The system would come crashing down
7979
79801749
798101:11:22,107 --> 01:11:25,107
7982if you just remove
7983a couple of very important
7984
79851750
798601:11:24,575 --> 01:11:26,575
7987- factors that are there.
7988- Uh-huh.
7989
79901751
799101:11:25,638 --> 01:11:28,638
7992They have to be together
7993or it doesn't happen.
7994
79951752
799601:11:28,363 --> 01:11:31,638
7997So not only do we have
7998this uh, interdependency,
7999
80001753
800101:11:31,678 --> 01:11:34,974
8002this mutualism, so to speak,
8003down at the genetic level,
8004
80051754
800601:11:35,060 --> 01:11:38,060
8007now we even make it
8008more complex by saying,
8009
80101755
801101:11:37,642 --> 01:11:39,687
8012there is that same mutualism...
8013
80141756
801501:11:39,718 --> 01:11:41,718
8016- at the higher level as well.
8017- Yes.
8018
80191757
802001:11:41,464 --> 01:11:44,431
8021In fact, the entire
8022world has mutualism.
8023
80241758
802501:11:44,546 --> 01:11:46,595
8026It's impossible to think...
8027
80281759
802901:11:46,642 --> 01:11:48,924
8030that all of this could have happened...
8031
80321760
803301:11:49,017 --> 01:11:53,083
8034just by a series of slow processes
8035over billions of years.
8036
80371761
803801:11:53,108 --> 01:11:55,532
8039That's exactly what I'm saying.
8040
80411762
804201:11:57,963 --> 01:12:00,963
8043It's clear that the world we live in...
8044
80451763
804601:11:59,971 --> 01:12:02,190
8047is incredibly interdependent.
8048
80491764
805001:12:02,300 --> 01:12:04,675
8051From the smallest biological system...
8052
80531765
805401:12:04,706 --> 01:12:06,963
8055to the largest ecosystem.
8056
80571766
805801:12:07,069 --> 01:12:10,728
8059There are complex mutual
8060relationships everywhere.
8061
80621767
806301:12:10,884 --> 01:12:14,577
8064I realized the creation in six days
8065makes the most sense,
8066
80671768
806801:12:14,602 --> 01:12:16,329
8069from an engineering perspective.
8070
80711769
807201:12:16,411 --> 01:12:18,515
8073You need everything working together
8074
80751770
807601:12:18,561 --> 01:12:20,031
8077at the same time
8078
80791771
808001:12:20,093 --> 01:12:22,466
8081for everything to function properly.
8082
80831772
808401:12:22,561 --> 01:12:26,507
8085And that's exactly how
8086Genesis says, God created it.
8087
80881773
808901:12:26,780 --> 01:12:29,124
8090Rob also said,
8091God created animals
8092
80931774
809401:12:29,149 --> 01:12:30,874
8095with the ability to change
8096
80971775
809801:12:30,899 --> 01:12:33,171
8099and adapt to their environments.
8100
81011776
810201:12:33,233 --> 01:12:36,182
8103Is it possible, this ability to change...
8104
81051777
810601:12:36,202 --> 01:12:38,835
8107has been mistaken for evolution?
8108
81091778
811001:12:45,811 --> 01:12:48,811
8111As Todd Wood and I
8112walk through the zoo,
8113
81141779
811501:12:47,944 --> 01:12:50,741
8116we saw incredible beauty
8117and amazing design
8118
81191780
812001:12:50,788 --> 01:12:52,053
8121wherever we looked.
8122
81231781
812401:12:52,147 --> 01:12:54,899
8125I noticed the great diversity
8126between some animals,
8127
81281782
812901:12:54,930 --> 01:12:58,571
8130as well as a remarkable
8131similarity of others.
8132
81331783
813401:12:59,704 --> 01:13:01,305
8135As, as a biologist,
8136
81371784
813801:13:01,347 --> 01:13:04,415
8139what do you see when
8140you see all of these creatures?
8141
81421785
814301:13:04,516 --> 01:13:06,516
8144Yeah, when I look at this,...
8145
81461786
814701:13:06,071 --> 01:13:07,602
8148look at these lions,...
8149
81501787
815101:13:07,634 --> 01:13:09,675
8152specifically, I'm seeing cats.
8153
81541788
815501:13:09,706 --> 01:13:13,706
8156And so, and all the other cats
8157they have here at the zoo,
8158
81591789
816001:13:13,235 --> 01:13:15,801
8161they all have this underlining...
8162
81631790
816401:13:15,840 --> 01:13:17,552
8165catness to them...
8166
81671791
816801:13:17,590 --> 01:13:19,155
8169- Hhh.
8170- that's really apparent.
8171
81721792
817301:13:19,201 --> 01:13:23,746
8174It's really apparent when
8175they start playing, right?
8176
81771793
817801:13:23,795 --> 01:13:27,795
8179You see them play with some sort of ball
8180or something and they look...
8181
81821794
818301:13:26,819 --> 01:13:29,819
8184- Look just like a cat.
8185- They look like a cat.
8186
81871795
818801:13:28,991 --> 01:13:32,061
8189You know, scientists would put that
8190to a family called Felidae.
8191
81921796
819301:13:32,123 --> 01:13:34,319
8194And I would understand
8195the felines to be...
8196
81971797
819801:13:34,344 --> 01:13:36,362
8199representatives of a single created kind.
8200
82011798
820201:13:36,387 --> 01:13:37,516
8203So the continuity,
8204
82051799
820601:13:37,541 --> 01:13:40,032
8207the similarity there is so significant...
8208
82091800
821001:13:40,063 --> 01:13:41,235
8211that I'd say, yeah,
8212
82131801
821401:13:41,267 --> 01:13:43,688
8215these guys are all
8216descended from a single...
8217
82181802
821901:13:43,750 --> 01:13:44,938
8220pair of critters...
8221
82221803
822301:13:44,993 --> 01:13:46,993
8224- Hhh.
8225- that was on the ark...
8226
82271804
822801:13:46,563 --> 01:13:50,452
8229and that eventually generated
8230all the different sorts of cats
8231
82321805
823301:13:50,477 --> 01:13:51,625
8234that we have today.
8235
82361806
823701:13:51,665 --> 01:13:55,839
8238So rather than just uh,
8239a, a random accident,...
8240
82411807
824201:13:55,909 --> 01:13:59,587
8243it appears as if all of these
8244different species are coming
8245
82461808
824701:13:59,603 --> 01:14:00,634
8248from a really
8249
82501809
825101:14:00,659 --> 01:14:03,084
8252- elaborate design.
8253- Oh, absolutely.
8254
82551810
825601:14:03,111 --> 01:14:06,111
8257And it's not just the design,
8258like God, you know,
8259
82601811
826101:14:05,177 --> 01:14:06,534
8262designed and created the lion,
8263
82641812
826501:14:06,565 --> 01:14:09,565
8266it's God created something
8267that could make a lion.
8268
82691813
827001:14:09,147 --> 01:14:12,147
8271- Uh-huh.
8272- So it's more like, you know,
8273
82741814
827501:14:10,796 --> 01:14:13,796
8276a multi-purpose tool
8277or a Swiss Army knife,
8278
82791815
828001:14:12,420 --> 01:14:17,420
8281where you got all these pieces that
8282you just pop out whenever you need them,
8283
82841816
828501:14:15,427 --> 01:14:17,427
8286but it's all just one thing.
8287
82881817
828901:14:17,052 --> 01:14:20,231
8290So give me some other
8291examples of created kinds.
8292
82931818
829401:14:20,263 --> 01:14:23,359
8295Yes, so, you got the grizzly
8296and the polar bear.
8297
82981819
829901:14:23,406 --> 01:14:25,406
8300Those are all members
8301of the bear kind.
8302
83031820
830401:14:25,410 --> 01:14:27,935
8305You got ducks, swans and geese.
8306
83071821
830801:14:28,001 --> 01:14:31,001
8309The thing about the dog kind
8310is really interesting.
8311
83121822
831301:14:30,303 --> 01:14:33,326
8314So, you take just
8315this wolf-like creature...
8316
83171823
831801:14:33,389 --> 01:14:36,389
8319and we can breed in only
8320a few hundred years...
8321
83221824
832301:14:36,115 --> 01:14:37,797
8324many different breeds.
8325
83261825
832701:14:37,953 --> 01:14:39,953
8328Well, Todd, that's kind of
8329fascinating now,
8330
83311826
833201:14:39,939 --> 01:14:42,119
8333to think about
8334what God was doing
8335
83361827
833701:14:42,159 --> 01:14:43,604
8338when He was bringing
8339
83401828
834101:14:43,633 --> 01:14:45,494
8342uh, two of every kind.
8343
83441829
834501:14:45,525 --> 01:14:47,525
8346What do you think
8347was going on there?
8348
83491830
835001:14:47,064 --> 01:14:49,064
8351Oh yeah.
8352I mean, He's...
8353
83541831
835501:14:48,533 --> 01:14:52,533
8356He doesn't have to bring
8357every little variety onto the ark.
8358
83591832
836001:14:52,496 --> 01:14:54,496
8361So when you actually
8362do the calculations,
8363
83641833
836501:14:54,504 --> 01:14:56,504
8366and, okay, so we don't know exactly
8367
83681834
836901:14:55,951 --> 01:14:58,951
8370how many created kinds
8371that were on the ark.
8372
83731835
837401:14:57,820 --> 01:14:59,663
8375Maybe, couple thousands,...
8376
83771836
837801:14:59,688 --> 01:15:00,709
8379and they're small.
8380
83811837
838201:15:00,734 --> 01:15:02,312
8383Most animals are quite small.
8384
83851838
838601:15:02,343 --> 01:15:04,343
8387So, you have room to spare.
8388
83891839
839001:15:04,164 --> 01:15:05,656
8391- Literally, room to spare.
8392- Hhh.
8393
83941840
839501:15:05,693 --> 01:15:08,693
8396And all of that diversity
8397that we have today
8398
83991841
840001:15:08,312 --> 01:15:11,312
8401is built in to those two of a kind.
8402
84031842
840401:15:14,311 --> 01:15:17,311
8405Well Todd, we're looking
8406at the zebras and...
8407
84081843
840901:15:16,671 --> 01:15:17,864
8410they're all unique,
8411
84121844
841301:15:17,889 --> 01:15:19,889
8414and yet all of these creatures,
8415
84161845
841701:15:19,631 --> 01:15:23,045
8418there is so much
8419complexity and diversity.
8420
84211846
842201:15:23,084 --> 01:15:25,005
8423How does the standard story,
8424
84251847
842601:15:25,030 --> 01:15:28,092
8427the conventional paradigm,
8428explain all of that?
8429
84301848
843101:15:28,178 --> 01:15:30,225
8432Well, they would use evolution, right?
8433
84341849
843501:15:30,257 --> 01:15:31,188
8436So...
8437
84381850
843901:15:31,227 --> 01:15:32,578
8440Millions of years,
8441
84421851
844301:15:32,617 --> 01:15:34,360
8444random variations,
8445
84461852
844701:15:34,406 --> 01:15:37,196
8448all things that are alive now,
8449
84501853
845101:15:37,329 --> 01:15:39,774
8452that cactus,
8453that zebra,...
8454
84551854
845601:15:39,837 --> 01:15:42,257
8457the grass here, is all related.
8458
84591855
846001:15:42,282 --> 01:15:45,282
8461We all go back to a common
8462ancestor that lived
8463
84641856
846501:15:44,727 --> 01:15:46,243
8466billions of years ago.
8467
84681857
846901:15:46,313 --> 01:15:51,095
8470And through the process of mutation
8471and genetic variation...
8472
84731858
847401:15:51,157 --> 01:15:52,852
8475uh, and natural selection,
8476
84771859
847801:15:52,877 --> 01:15:56,877
8479and that's where we get
8480the stuffs that we have today.
8481
84821860
848301:15:55,368 --> 01:15:57,720
8484So, natural selection...
8485
84861861
848701:15:57,775 --> 01:15:59,406
8488uh, what is it?
8489
84901862
849101:15:59,431 --> 01:16:01,431
8492Does it have the kind of creative
8493
84941863
849501:16:01,459 --> 01:16:03,910
8496potential that we need
8497for all of this?
8498
84991864
850001:16:04,011 --> 01:16:07,205
8501Natural selection uh,
8502is basically all about
8503
85041865
850501:16:07,230 --> 01:16:10,230
8506killing off things that aren't
8507fit for the environment.
8508
85091866
851001:16:09,621 --> 01:16:13,066
8511So, if you're a finch
8512in the Galapagos,...
8513
85141867
851501:16:13,105 --> 01:16:15,175
8516and you have a really tiny beak,...
8517
85181868
851901:16:15,222 --> 01:16:18,222
8520and the only food
8521available to you is really
8522
85231869
852401:16:17,269 --> 01:16:18,947
8525- big hard seeds,...
8526- Uh-huh.
8527
85281870
852901:16:18,972 --> 01:16:20,142
8530you're gonna die.
8531
85321871
853301:16:20,167 --> 01:16:22,167
8534And that's exactly what we observe.
8535
85361872
853701:16:21,902 --> 01:16:23,964
8538And so, we can watch
8539over the generations
8540
85411873
854201:16:24,003 --> 01:16:26,410
8543that the beak sizes
8544of finches change
8545
85461874
854701:16:26,457 --> 01:16:27,691
8548in the Galapagos.
8549
85501875
855101:16:27,746 --> 01:16:29,316
8552But, they're still finches.
8553
85541876
855501:16:29,371 --> 01:16:30,863
8556They're still birds.
8557
85581877
855901:16:30,933 --> 01:16:33,667
8560The notion that natural
8561selection can generate
8562
85631878
856401:16:33,699 --> 01:16:35,699
8565all of the diversity we see,
8566
85671879
856801:16:34,941 --> 01:16:36,527
8569that's not been demonstrated.
8570
85711880
857201:16:36,557 --> 01:16:37,666
8573- Uh-huh.
8574- What we find,
8575
85761881
857701:16:37,691 --> 01:16:39,471
8578most often,
8579with natural selection
8580
85811882
858201:16:39,496 --> 01:16:42,496
8583is that natural selection
8584does a lot of fine tunings.
8585
85861883
858701:16:42,209 --> 01:16:45,209
8588So right over here,
8589we got these oryxes, right?
8590
85911884
859201:16:44,529 --> 01:16:45,951
8593Beautiful creatures,...
8594
85951885
859601:16:45,991 --> 01:16:48,506
8597and very, very pale colors.
8598
85991886
860001:16:48,553 --> 01:16:53,657
8601The wild ranges of the oryx is right on
8602the southern end of Sahara Desert.
8603
86041887
860501:16:53,750 --> 01:16:55,750
8606- And so you can see...
8607- Uh-huh.
8608
86091888
861001:16:55,274 --> 01:16:57,032
8611yeah, their coloration makes sense.
8612
86131889
861401:16:57,063 --> 01:16:59,063
8615If you get a really dark color one
8616
86171890
861801:16:58,735 --> 01:17:00,735
8619that's gonna be very easy for
8620
86211891
862201:17:00,157 --> 01:17:01,524
8623- predators to find,
8624- Uh-huh.
8625
86261892
862701:17:01,555 --> 01:17:04,870
8628and so they end up being
8629these really beautiful light colors.
8630
86311893
863201:17:04,925 --> 01:17:08,253
8633Uh, and that's an example of
8634where selection would take...
8635
86361894
863701:17:08,300 --> 01:17:11,458
8638a variation and turn it
8639into an adaptation.
8640
86411895
864201:17:11,521 --> 01:17:14,521
8643And that brings us back
8644to the notion that...
8645
86461896
864701:17:14,365 --> 01:17:17,154
8648a really exquisite design
8649in the beginning.
8650
86511897
865201:17:17,179 --> 01:17:18,191
8653- Oh, I think so.
8654- It...
8655
86561898
865701:17:18,216 --> 01:17:19,310
8658- Oh, absolutely.
8659- Uh-huh.
8660
86611899
866201:17:19,365 --> 01:17:21,826
8663It has provided these creatures
8664with the ability
8665
86661900
866701:17:21,865 --> 01:17:24,591
8668to survive and to, to change
8669
86701901
867101:17:24,630 --> 01:17:26,257
8672- for their benefit.
8673- Absolutely.
8674
86751902
867601:17:26,296 --> 01:17:30,296
8677So the ability to be able
8678to change your coloration like that,
8679
86801903
868101:17:29,867 --> 01:17:31,867
8682to be able to fit in an environment,
8683
86841904
868501:17:31,554 --> 01:17:35,554
8686that's got to be built into
8687the system before it starts.
8688
86891905
869001:17:34,970 --> 01:17:36,970
8691Now, don't get me wrong.
8692
86931906
869401:17:36,011 --> 01:17:40,011
8695I mean, that those selections and
8696random variations can do amazing things.
8697
86981907
869901:17:39,306 --> 01:17:41,558
8700I mean, it, it's pretty astonishing...
8701
87021908
870301:17:41,668 --> 01:17:44,230
8704the kind of changes that we can see,...
8705
87061909
870701:17:44,281 --> 01:17:47,281
8708but we don't see one kind
8709changing into another.
8710
87111910
871201:17:47,285 --> 01:17:49,058
8713All we see are variations...
8714
87151911
871601:17:49,098 --> 01:17:51,098
8717- that happened within a created kind.
8718- Uh-huh.
8719
87201912
872101:17:51,068 --> 01:17:55,068
8722There is a felid tree
8723which has all the cats on it.
8724
87251913
872601:17:53,691 --> 01:17:57,691
8727There is a canid tree
8728which has all the dogs on it.
8729
87301914
873101:17:56,128 --> 01:18:00,128
8732There is an ursid tree
8733which has all the bears on it.
8734
87351915
873601:17:58,786 --> 01:18:01,786
8737There is an equid tree
8738with all the horses on it.
8739
87401916
874101:18:00,810 --> 01:18:05,187
8742Each individual created kind then
8743has its own individual tree.
8744
87451917
874601:18:05,218 --> 01:18:09,218
8747So that you end up with
8748something like an orchard or forest.
8749
87501918
875101:18:08,289 --> 01:18:09,546
8752As a scientist,
8753
87541919
875501:18:09,571 --> 01:18:12,648
8756it seems, what you're saying is
8757the Genesis paradigm...
8758
87591920
876001:18:12,687 --> 01:18:15,484
8761answers all of this data better.
8762
87631921
876401:18:15,570 --> 01:18:16,945
8765Ultimately, I think it does,
8766
87671922
876801:18:16,970 --> 01:18:19,976
8769because it embraces both
8770similarity and difference.
8771
87721923
877301:18:20,031 --> 01:18:21,539
8774Now, as we already said,
8775
87761924
877701:18:21,564 --> 01:18:25,564
8778there are just, there are a lot of
8779questions that are still out there.
8780
87811925
878201:18:25,017 --> 01:18:26,025
8783But,...
8784
87851926
878601:18:26,080 --> 01:18:28,471
8787uh, I'm pretty confident,
8788given what...
8789
87901927
879101:18:28,525 --> 01:18:29,953
8792our paradigm can explain,
8793
87941928
879501:18:29,978 --> 01:18:33,978
8796I am very confident that those
8797answers are going to be found.
8798
87991929
880001:18:34,214 --> 01:18:35,775
8801After we left the zebras,
8802
88031930
880401:18:35,800 --> 01:18:37,800
8805we made our way to the gorillas.
8806
88071931
880801:18:37,652 --> 01:18:41,763
8809Todd wanted to talk about
8810the question of human evolution.
8811
88121932
881301:18:42,256 --> 01:18:44,256
8814Todd, we see it all the time,
8815
88161933
881701:18:43,891 --> 01:18:46,212
8818a new discovery,
8819new skulls,...
8820
88211934
882201:18:46,256 --> 01:18:48,008
8823new skeletons that...
8824
88251935
882601:18:48,071 --> 01:18:51,594
8827supposedly solidify this whole link.
8828
88291936
883001:18:51,667 --> 01:18:53,667
8831- Yeah.
8832- What do you see there?
8833
88341937
883501:18:53,432 --> 01:18:56,432
8836Absolutely. Well, I got some
8837right here in my bag.
8838
88391938
884001:18:57,284 --> 01:18:58,354
8841Oh, a skull.
8842
88431939
884401:18:58,379 --> 01:19:00,143
8845So, this guy...
8846
88471940
884801:19:00,550 --> 01:19:03,346
8849is a Neandertal.
8850
88511941
885201:19:03,550 --> 01:19:05,357
8853Very, very low forehead.
8854
88551942
885601:19:05,404 --> 01:19:07,631
8857- To we have very tall foreheads.
8858- Uh-huh.
8859
88601943
886101:19:07,693 --> 01:19:09,521
8862Uh, the face,
8863
88641944
886501:19:09,576 --> 01:19:11,724
8866the mid-face has been pulled out.
8867
88681945
886901:19:11,779 --> 01:19:14,130
8870- Uh-huh.
8871- Uh, but at the same time,...
8872
88731946
887401:19:14,217 --> 01:19:15,950
8875well, it looks very human.
8876
88771947
887801:19:16,005 --> 01:19:18,005
8879- So that's the Neandertal.
8880- Okay.
8881
88821948
888301:19:17,069 --> 01:19:20,069
8884- You want to hold it on for me?
8885- Yeah, yeah.
8886
88871949
888801:19:18,075 --> 01:19:18,904
8889Okay?
8890
88911950
889201:19:18,966 --> 01:19:20,966
8893We have others
8894that are very different.
8895
88961951
889701:19:20,998 --> 01:19:22,247
8898Oh, yeah.
8899
89001952
890101:19:22,287 --> 01:19:24,428
8902Now, this one is...
8903
89041953
890501:19:24,513 --> 01:19:26,419
8906Australopithecus Africanus.
8907
89081954
890901:19:26,458 --> 01:19:27,733
8910So, you can see,...
8911
89121955
891301:19:27,781 --> 01:19:29,685
8914really no forehead at all.
8915
89161956
891701:19:29,710 --> 01:19:31,710
8918- It's just slopes right back.
8919- Uh-huh.
8920
89211957
892201:19:31,304 --> 01:19:33,718
8923Very, very small brain case,...
8924
89251958
892601:19:33,781 --> 01:19:36,336
8927uh, muscle sticks way out,...
8928
89291959
893001:19:36,413 --> 01:19:39,532
8931so the flace faces slope forward.
8932
89331960
893401:19:39,784 --> 01:19:41,784
8935What do you do with this stuff?
8936
89371961
893801:19:41,485 --> 01:19:44,485
8939I mean, there is many more
8940that we can show,
8941
89421962
894301:19:43,270 --> 01:19:45,270
8944many more pictures,
8945many more skulls,
8946
89471963
894801:19:44,911 --> 01:19:46,911
8949and you can see looking at the...
8950
89511964
895201:19:46,354 --> 01:19:49,354
8953- Bringing them together, they're really...
8954- Yeah. Uh-huh.
8955
89561965
895701:19:49,090 --> 01:19:51,090
8958- There is a lot of difference there.
8959- Yeah.
8960
89611966
896201:19:51,137 --> 01:19:52,541
8963Well, here's the thing.
8964
89651967
896601:19:52,576 --> 01:19:55,576
8967So all that created kind stuffs
8968that we already talked about,
8969
89701968
897101:19:55,287 --> 01:19:56,842
8972I can show...
8973
89741969
897501:19:56,889 --> 01:20:00,100
8976again and again and again
8977with multiple studies...
8978
89791970
898001:20:00,180 --> 01:20:03,758
8981that I can find the discontinuity
8982between humans...
8983
89841971
898501:20:03,821 --> 01:20:05,587
8986and nonhumans.
8987
89881972
898901:20:05,633 --> 01:20:07,899
8990So this thing lands
8991on the human side.
8992
89931973
899401:20:07,926 --> 01:20:11,526
8995This Neandertal here is one of us.
8996
89971974
899801:20:11,643 --> 01:20:13,666
8999- This thing is not.
9000- Hhh.
9001
90021975
900301:20:13,697 --> 01:20:14,838
9004It is different.
9005
90061976
900701:20:14,877 --> 01:20:17,877
9008But, this would be just
9009another one of those...
9010
90111977
901201:20:17,137 --> 01:20:20,527
9013varieties of living things that
9014God made in the beginning
9015
90161978
901701:20:20,559 --> 01:20:23,559
9018and it survive the flood
9019and board the ark.
9020
90211979
902201:20:22,856 --> 01:20:26,467
9023So when we look at uh,
9024Neanderthal man,...
9025
90261980
902701:20:26,624 --> 01:20:29,952
9028uh, we're looking at a, a human,...
9029
90301981
903101:20:30,085 --> 01:20:34,085
9032uh, but it's a human that
9033just like we find in dogs,
9034
90351982
903601:20:33,631 --> 01:20:36,631
9037we have a lot of
9038varieties of, of dogs...
9039
90401983
904101:20:36,335 --> 01:20:38,335
9042We got a lot of varieties of people.
9043
90441984
904501:20:38,181 --> 01:20:40,181
9046So even looking back here at the gorilla,
9047
90481985
904901:20:39,939 --> 01:20:40,946
9050we can see...
9051
90521986
905301:20:40,985 --> 01:20:43,252
9054the obvious differences
9055between us and him.
9056
90571987
905801:20:43,287 --> 01:20:46,287
9059Not the least of which is
9060that he's in there...
9061
90621988
906301:20:45,167 --> 01:20:48,167
9064and we, we can go home
9065when we're done.
9066
90671989
906801:20:47,177 --> 01:20:50,833
9069And so those differences
9070are really huge, aren't they?
9071
90721990
907301:20:50,880 --> 01:20:52,607
9074Uh, yeah, absolutely.
9075
90761991
907701:20:52,653 --> 01:20:53,966
9078The image of God...
9079
90801992
908101:20:54,029 --> 01:20:56,317
9082entails this idea of...
9083
90841993
908501:20:56,380 --> 01:20:58,724
9086being God's representatives
9087here on this Earth.
9088
90891994
909001:20:58,763 --> 01:21:01,825
9091Part of that, there is having
9092dominion and having authority.
9093
90941995
909501:21:01,864 --> 01:21:03,864
9096A spiritual quality
9097that we have, you know,
9098
90991996
910001:21:03,888 --> 01:21:05,888
9101- that we don't share...
9102- Uh-huh.
9103
91041997
910501:21:05,484 --> 01:21:07,444
9106- with animals like that.
9107- Yeah.
9108
91091998
911001:21:08,527 --> 01:21:11,527
9111It's obvious we're different
9112from the rest of creation.
9113
91141999
911501:21:11,163 --> 01:21:13,372
9116Because we were made in God's image.
9117
91182000
911901:21:13,431 --> 01:21:15,431
9120We're the only ones to create zoos.
9121
91222001
912301:21:15,290 --> 01:21:18,290
9124So, we can see the beauty
9125of God's animals.
9126
91272002
912801:21:17,790 --> 01:21:20,024
9129And we're unique in tracking time
9130
91312003
913201:21:20,049 --> 01:21:22,356
9133and want to know our own history.
9134
91352004
913601:21:22,459 --> 01:21:25,903
9137But, where does our concept
9138of time come from?
9139
91402005
914101:21:38,058 --> 01:21:39,925
9142It was a beautiful night.
9143
91442006
914501:21:40,003 --> 01:21:42,003
9146Danny took me far outside the city.
9147
91482007
914901:21:41,924 --> 01:21:43,924
9150And kept me up very late
9151
91522008
915301:21:43,300 --> 01:21:46,729
9154in order to show something
9155I will never forget.
9156
91572009
915801:21:48,636 --> 01:21:49,925
9159Oh my goodness!
9160
91612010
916201:21:49,956 --> 01:21:52,956
9163Now you're gonna
9164make me buy a telescope.
9165
91662011
916701:21:54,455 --> 01:21:58,455
9168You know, we have some purposes
9169that were given from the stars.
9170
91712012
917201:21:57,058 --> 01:22:00,360
9173In, in Genesis 1:14 to 19,
9174that's day 4...
9175
91762013
917701:22:00,391 --> 01:22:03,391
9178uh, creation calendar, mentions
9179the stars and other heavenly bodies
9180
91812014
918201:22:03,190 --> 01:22:04,214
9183- that mark time,
9184- Hhh.
9185
91862015
918701:22:04,249 --> 01:22:07,249
9188to rule over the night,
9189to be for sign,
9190
91912016
919201:22:06,103 --> 01:22:08,033
9193seasons, festivals and so forth.
9194
91952017
919601:22:08,079 --> 01:22:10,079
9197Uh, people have been using the stars
9198
91992018
920001:22:10,119 --> 01:22:12,728
9201- for, for marking, passing of time.
9202- Uh-huh.
9203
92042019
920501:22:12,753 --> 01:22:14,556
9206The patterns repeat every night.
9207
92082020
920901:22:14,581 --> 01:22:15,728
9210They repeated every year.
9211
92122021
921301:22:15,753 --> 01:22:17,071
9214They, they come back.
9215
92162022
921701:22:17,095 --> 01:22:18,204
9218And the season,
9219
92202023
922101:22:18,229 --> 01:22:21,229
9222- it's a lot of regularity going on here.
9223- Uh-huh.
9224
92252024
922601:22:20,673 --> 01:22:23,673
9227Uh, what about the design
9228of the sun and the moon?
9229
92302025
923101:22:23,354 --> 01:22:26,354
9232Well, there're a couple of things
9233I can talk about.
9234
92352026
923601:22:24,899 --> 01:22:28,899
9237On rare occasions, the, the moon
9238passes between us and our sun.
9239
92402027
924101:22:28,254 --> 01:22:30,254
9242- Uh-huh.
9243- Doesn't happen very often.
9244
92452028
924601:22:29,792 --> 01:22:31,174
9247And when that happens,
9248
92492029
925001:22:31,199 --> 01:22:34,199
9251the, the moon just barely
9252covers the sun up.
9253
92542030
925501:22:33,654 --> 01:22:36,654
9256If the moon were a little smaller
9257or little farther away,
9258
92592031
926001:22:36,557 --> 01:22:38,557
9261it wouldn't do it at all.
9262
92632032
926401:22:38,113 --> 01:22:40,629
9265If it were larger or closer to us,
9266
92672033
926801:22:40,668 --> 01:22:42,668
9269it would be grossly over total.
9270
92712034
927201:22:42,536 --> 01:22:43,551
9273- Uh-huh.
9274- And uh,
9275
92762035
927701:22:43,591 --> 01:22:46,479
9278So these eclipses are,
9279are spectacular and rare,
9280
92812036
928201:22:46,504 --> 01:22:49,504
9283and this is the only planet
9284on which it matters.
9285
92862037
928701:22:49,226 --> 01:22:52,226
9288And it's the only planet
9289on which it happens.
9290
92912038
929201:22:51,429 --> 01:22:55,429
9293And you got to think either just
9294that's the way the world is,...
9295
92962039
929701:22:54,892 --> 01:22:56,642
9298for no apparent reason,...
9299
93002040
930101:22:56,677 --> 01:22:59,689
9302or the world is that way
9303for a purpose and design.
9304
93052041
930601:22:59,721 --> 01:23:01,853
9307And to me,
9308that speaks of creation.
9309
93102042
931101:23:02,270 --> 01:23:03,512
9312Okay, high over head here,
9313
93142043
931501:23:03,537 --> 01:23:05,537
9316we have the great square of Pegasus.
9317
93182044
931901:23:05,201 --> 01:23:06,817
9320it is this big regtangle.
9321
93222045
932301:23:06,842 --> 01:23:10,842
9324Now coming off of Pegasus is
9325a little fuzzy spot right there.
9326
93272046
932801:23:10,280 --> 01:23:11,304
9329- You see it?
9330- Yeah.
9331
93322047
933301:23:11,329 --> 01:23:12,954
9334That's the Andromeda Galaxy.
9335
93362048
933701:23:13,039 --> 01:23:17,039
9338That is the most distant object
9339that you can see with the naked eye.
9340
93412049
934201:23:16,750 --> 01:23:19,750
9343It's a little over,
9344we think, a little over
9345
93462050
934701:23:18,477 --> 01:23:19,735
9348two million light years away,
9349
93502051
935101:23:19,766 --> 01:23:21,766
9352and it contains a couple
9353hundred billion stars.
9354
93552052
935601:23:21,774 --> 01:23:22,501
9357Wow.
9358
93592053
936001:23:22,526 --> 01:23:24,526
9361Okay, Danny,
9362that brings me to...
9363
93642054
936501:23:24,397 --> 01:23:28,397
9366a big question, a big question
9367in a lot of people's minds.
9368
93692055
937001:23:27,593 --> 01:23:30,822
9371If we have stars
9372that are that far away,
9373
93742056
937501:23:30,847 --> 01:23:32,999
9376million of light years away,
9377
93782057
937901:23:33,132 --> 01:23:35,452
9380and if the Earth is young,
9381
93822058
938301:23:35,515 --> 01:23:37,281
9384as we believe,
9385
93862059
938701:23:37,384 --> 01:23:40,740
9388then how in the world
9389can the starlight be here?
9390
93912060
939201:23:40,765 --> 01:23:41,413
9393Yeah.
9394
93952061
939601:23:41,438 --> 01:23:44,438
9397We call this the, the light
9398travel time problem.
9399
94002062
940101:23:44,241 --> 01:23:48,241
9402And I'll try to phrase it for you
9403little, little differently.
9404
94052063
940601:23:47,108 --> 01:23:51,108
9407Uh, we believe that if creation is
9408only thousands of years old,
9409
94102064
941101:23:50,882 --> 01:23:53,140
9412uh, say 6,000 years,
94137,000 years,
9414
94152065
941601:23:53,165 --> 01:23:54,429
9417- something like that.
9418- Uh-huh.
9419
94202066
942101:23:54,454 --> 01:23:56,454
9422And I just pointed out
9423something to you
9424
94252067
942601:23:56,057 --> 01:24:00,057
9427that we think, it's 2 million
9428light years away from us.
9429
94302068
943101:23:58,361 --> 01:24:00,572
9432I think those distances
9433are reasonably correct.
9434
94352069
943601:24:00,618 --> 01:24:03,618
9437And uh, we creationists
9438need to answer this question.
9439
94402070
944101:24:03,097 --> 01:24:06,761
9442And we've offered several
9443different solutions to that.
9444
94452071
944601:24:06,801 --> 01:24:09,589
9447- I'll discuss with you my solution...
9448- OK.
9449
94502072
945101:24:09,628 --> 01:24:10,667
9452on this.
9453
94542073
945501:24:10,701 --> 01:24:13,701
9456Several, several things jump out
9457at me in the creation account.
9458
94592074
946001:24:13,128 --> 01:24:16,128
9461One, there are a lot
9462of process going on,
9463
94642075
946501:24:15,704 --> 01:24:18,242
9466very rapid process, but still process.
9467
94682076
946901:24:18,279 --> 01:24:21,279
9470Uh, if you look at
9471the day 3 account,
9472
94732077
947401:24:19,861 --> 01:24:22,861
9475it talks about plants,
9476rising up above the ground.
9477
94782078
947901:24:22,271 --> 01:24:25,271
9480It says, let the Earth
9481bring forth these plants,
9482
94832079
948401:24:24,844 --> 01:24:26,174
9485and the Earth brought forth.
9486
94872080
948801:24:26,213 --> 01:24:30,213
9489I think if you would have been there,
9490it would have looked like
9491
94922081
949301:24:28,023 --> 01:24:29,815
9494- a time lapse movie.
9495- Hhh.
9496
94972082
949801:24:29,846 --> 01:24:31,893
9499Growth might take normally decades,
9500
95012083
950201:24:31,940 --> 01:24:35,940
9503taking place in a matter of minutes
9504or hours at the most.
9505
95062084
950701:24:35,663 --> 01:24:36,911
9508Uh, normal growth,...
9509
95102085
951101:24:36,958 --> 01:24:39,278
9512- abnormally fast.
9513- Hhh.
9514
95152086
951601:24:39,372 --> 01:24:40,676
9517I believe, you can interpret...
9518
95192087
952001:24:40,701 --> 01:24:43,701
9521one day of creation
9522in terms of another day.
9523
95242088
952501:24:42,958 --> 01:24:44,958
9526So I turn to the day 4 account,
9527
95282089
952901:24:44,608 --> 01:24:46,608
9530not much information is given there.
9531
95322090
953301:24:46,155 --> 01:24:49,155
9534But I think, God also
9535rapidly made the stars
9536
95372091
953801:24:49,044 --> 01:24:50,669
9539and other astronomical bodies.
9540
95412092
954201:24:50,700 --> 01:24:54,700
9543And then, in order for them
9544to fulfill their function to be seen,
9545
95462093
954701:24:54,360 --> 01:24:56,598
9548He had to rapidly
9549bring forth that light.
9550
95512094
955201:24:56,625 --> 01:24:59,176
9553Just as He brought plants
9554and matured quickly,
9555
95562095
955701:24:59,229 --> 01:25:01,229
9558- He had to bring light here.
9559- Uh-huh.
9560
95612096
956201:25:01,229 --> 01:25:04,229
9563I'm suggesting when we
9564actually look at these objects,
9565
95662097
956701:25:03,707 --> 01:25:06,707
9568like the Andromeda galaxy
9569we saw a few minutes ago,
9570
95712098
957201:25:06,272 --> 01:25:09,379
9573we're looking at light
9574that actually left that object.
9575
95762099
957701:25:09,404 --> 01:25:10,044
9578Yes.
9579
95802100
958101:25:10,075 --> 01:25:12,075
9582So I think, there is rapid maturing
9583
95842101
958501:25:11,601 --> 01:25:12,788
9586- took place.
9587- Yeah.
9588
95892102
959001:25:12,920 --> 01:25:16,138
9591Danny, are there some
9592other things that you see
9593
95942103
959501:25:16,163 --> 01:25:19,654
9596that would point to
9597a young universe?
9598
95992104
960001:25:19,689 --> 01:25:20,800
9601I think so.
9602
96032105
960401:25:20,839 --> 01:25:22,786
9605For instance, uh, spiral galaxies.
9606
96072106
960801:25:22,811 --> 01:25:24,811
9609So, Andromeda Galaxy,
9610we talked about,
9611
96122107
961301:25:24,724 --> 01:25:26,724
9614- is a spiral galaxy.
9615- Uh-huh.
9616
96172108
961801:25:25,950 --> 01:25:27,122
9619Our own is.
9620
96212109
962201:25:27,162 --> 01:25:30,396
9623And the inside of the galaxies
9624should spin faster
9625
96262110
962701:25:30,421 --> 01:25:32,421
9628than the outside of the galaxies.
9629
96302111
963101:25:31,794 --> 01:25:33,419
9632So after few rotations,
9633
96342112
963501:25:33,490 --> 01:25:35,904
9636you ought to wind up or smear out.
9637
96382113
963901:25:35,942 --> 01:25:37,107
9640Those, those spiral patterns,
9641
96422114
964301:25:37,138 --> 01:25:39,507
9644they ought to disappear
9645after few rotations.
9646
96472115
964801:25:39,548 --> 01:25:42,548
9649Now, most astronomers think
9650that the spiral galaxies are
9651
96522116
965301:25:42,099 --> 01:25:43,177
965410 billion years old.
9655
96562117
965701:25:43,216 --> 01:25:45,730
9658So, why do we still see
9659spiral patterns?
9660
96612118
966201:25:45,755 --> 01:25:47,755
9663- You shouldn't see those.
9664- Right.
9665
96662119
966701:25:47,193 --> 01:25:50,193
9668And it has been long
9669recognized this is problem.
9670
96712120
967201:25:49,443 --> 01:25:51,443
9673But also, if we look at the um,
9674
96752121
967601:25:51,265 --> 01:25:54,265
9677the outer planets of the solar
9678system, the gas giants,
9679
96802122
968101:25:53,701 --> 01:25:54,803
9682they all have rings.
9683
96842123
968501:25:54,845 --> 01:25:57,845
9686And we also know that
9687these things are changing.
9688
96892124
969001:25:57,663 --> 01:25:58,794
9691They're wiping out.
9692
96932125
969401:25:58,833 --> 01:26:02,833
9695They've actually documented changes that
9696have taken place within the ring system.
9697
96982126
969901:26:02,228 --> 01:26:06,228
9700You have all these gravitational tugs
9701from the other satellites, orbiting around.
9702
97032127
970401:26:06,153 --> 01:26:08,928
9705So these ring systems are fairly young.
9706
97072128
970801:26:08,960 --> 01:26:11,960
9709Doesn't prove that
9710the solar system is young,
9711
97122129
971301:26:10,750 --> 01:26:13,750
9714but it proves that these
9715ring systems are young.
9716
97172130
971801:26:12,711 --> 01:26:14,711
9719- Uh-huh.
9720- And that's interesting.
9721
97222131
972301:26:14,296 --> 01:26:16,296
9724Well, you mentioned a, a lot of...
9725
97262132
972701:26:16,163 --> 01:26:19,210
9728theories about the spirals
9729and, and so forth,...
9730
97312133
973201:26:19,249 --> 01:26:20,983
9733uh, that brings us to...
9734
97352134
973601:26:21,022 --> 01:26:23,413
9737what most people see as the big theory,
9738
97392135
974001:26:23,460 --> 01:26:25,997
9741- concerning cosmology and the universe,
9742- Uh-huh.
9743
97442136
974501:26:26,015 --> 01:26:27,554
9746and that the Big Bang.
9747
97482137
974901:26:27,608 --> 01:26:29,608
9750Uh, how do you see that?
9751
97522138
975301:26:29,275 --> 01:26:31,275
9754Is it holding up over time?
9755
97562139
975701:26:31,244 --> 01:26:32,250
9758I don't think so.
9759
97602140
976101:26:32,275 --> 01:26:35,275
9762I think it's, it's getting
9763some problems.
9764
97652141
976601:26:34,728 --> 01:26:36,189
9767- Hhh.
9768- So much so that
9769
97702142
977101:26:36,214 --> 01:26:38,214
9772more than a dozen years ago,
9773
97742143
977501:26:37,693 --> 01:26:39,693
9776I think, in New Scientist Magazine,
9777
97782144
977901:26:39,128 --> 01:26:42,128
9780there was an open letter,
9781protesting the Big Bang theory.
9782
97832145
978401:26:41,728 --> 01:26:43,847
9785And it has hundreds of signatures since.
9786
97872146
978801:26:43,878 --> 01:26:45,878
9789And most people signing are atheists.
9790
97912147
979201:26:45,707 --> 01:26:47,463
9793They are not even creationists.
9794
97952148
979601:26:47,488 --> 01:26:51,488
9797So, this idea that the Big Bang model's
9798universally accepted is not true.
9799
98002149
980101:26:51,161 --> 01:26:53,161
9802There are many people out there,
9803
98042150
980501:26:52,511 --> 01:26:54,168
9806well, well, known people,
9807
98082151
980901:26:54,199 --> 01:26:56,894
9810very famous physic
9811and astronomy people
9812
98132152
981401:26:56,933 --> 01:26:58,933
9815that have real problems with the Big Bang.
9816
98172153
981801:26:58,916 --> 01:27:02,916
9819And, and I don't see any way
9820that you can reconcile
9821
98222154
982301:27:01,952 --> 01:27:03,952
9824the Big Bang with the Bible,
9825
98262155
982701:27:03,326 --> 01:27:06,326
9828though, a lot of people
9829seem to think that you can.
9830
98312156
983201:27:05,498 --> 01:27:07,498
9833I think, the temptation
9834they have there
9835
98362157
983701:27:07,209 --> 01:27:08,811
9838is to try to interpret...
9839
98402158
984101:27:08,849 --> 01:27:12,449
9842uh, Scripture in terms of
9843the current cosmological thinking.
9844
98452159
984601:27:12,474 --> 01:27:14,863
9847That's nothing new.
9848That has happened before,
9849
98502160
985101:27:14,895 --> 01:27:17,231
9852as it turns out,
9853with disastrous results.
9854
98552161
985601:27:17,277 --> 01:27:21,277
9857So I, I think when you look at
9858the history of science,
9859
98602162
986101:27:19,717 --> 01:27:21,920
9862the way we have discarded
9863theories over time,
9864
98652163
986601:27:21,952 --> 01:27:24,311
9867We've had theories
9868that were supposedly...
9869
98702164
987101:27:24,390 --> 01:27:26,775
9872uh, beyond dispute...
9873
98742165
987501:27:26,814 --> 01:27:28,827
9876- Uh-huh.
9877- and then later on discarded.
9878
98792166
988001:27:28,881 --> 01:27:31,898
9881Uh, when you see
9882that lesson from history
9883
98842167
988501:27:31,923 --> 01:27:33,923
9886and then you want to wed Genesis,
9887
98882168
988901:27:33,642 --> 01:27:36,642
9890you want to interpret Genesis
9891in terms of ruling paradigm,
9892
98932169
989401:27:36,595 --> 01:27:39,595
9895- I think you need to be very careful.
9896- Hhh, yeah.
9897
98982170
989901:27:40,566 --> 01:27:44,628
9900I realized, Danny was
9901re-orienting our perspective.
9902
99032171
990401:27:44,823 --> 01:27:48,107
9905We need to interpret the Universe,
9906in terms of Genesis,
9907
99082172
990901:27:48,154 --> 01:27:50,318
9910not the other way around.
9911
99122173
991301:27:50,427 --> 01:27:54,711
9914And Genesis tells us that God
9915created the sun, moon, and stars
9916
99172174
991801:27:54,742 --> 01:27:58,804
9919to be a magnificent clock
9920to track the passage of time.
9921
99222175
992301:27:58,898 --> 01:28:02,359
9924Even the ancient built towers
9925to follow the stars.
9926
99272176
992801:28:02,437 --> 01:28:04,951
9929But what does Genesis say
9930about those people
9931
99322177
993301:28:04,976 --> 01:28:07,344
9934and the languages ​​they spoke?
9935
99362178
993701:28:16,522 --> 01:28:20,522
9938Doug took me to one of the best
9939archaeological museums in the world,
9940
99412179
994201:28:20,522 --> 01:28:23,006
9943to show some of the unique artifacts
9944
99452180
994601:28:23,061 --> 01:28:25,303
9947that relate to Genesis.
9948
99492181
995001:28:26,763 --> 01:28:29,316
9951Well, the events of
9952the Bible are unfolded
9953
99542182
995501:28:29,351 --> 01:28:30,621
9956in the ancient Near East.
9957
99582183
995901:28:30,646 --> 01:28:34,601
9960So, all these lands are extremely
9961important to understanding...
9962
99632184
996401:28:34,656 --> 01:28:37,671
9965uh, how and what took place
9966in the biblical text.
9967
99682185
996901:28:37,726 --> 01:28:41,726
9970So, this picks up the events
9971we've been looking at in, in Genesis,
9972
99732186
997401:28:41,103 --> 01:28:43,008
9975from Creation and the Flood,
9976
99772187
997801:28:43,033 --> 01:28:46,033
9979and now, we're to
9980the dispersion of mankind
9981
99822188
998301:28:45,871 --> 01:28:47,871
9984out of Noah and his family.
9985
99862189
998701:28:47,605 --> 01:28:48,488
9988Exactly.
9989
99902190
999101:28:48,535 --> 01:28:50,535
9992And the, the dispersion
9993would have taken place
9994
99952191
999601:28:50,503 --> 01:28:53,824
9997somewhere in the mountain range
9998to the northwest of Mesopotamia.
9999
100002192
1000101:28:53,871 --> 01:28:57,871
10002And what we see in the biblical text
10003and the narrative is that
10004
100052193
1000601:28:56,989 --> 01:28:59,231
10007a number of people have migrated
10008
100092194
1001001:28:59,278 --> 01:29:03,109
10011uh, down to southern Mesopotamia,
10012to the land of Shinar,...
10013
100142195
1001501:29:03,134 --> 01:29:06,108
10016and move toward the process
10017of urbanization,
10018
100192196
1002001:29:06,163 --> 01:29:07,366
10021- Uh-huh.
10022- city living.
10023
100242197
1002501:29:07,413 --> 01:29:09,436
10026And that's the famous
10027Tower of Babel.
10028
100292198
1003001:29:09,483 --> 01:29:10,302
10031Absolutely.
10032
100332199
1003401:29:10,327 --> 01:29:12,327
10035Do we know where that is?
10036
100372200
1003801:29:12,061 --> 01:29:14,804
10039There are about 7 or 8 Babels,
10040
100412201
1004201:29:14,829 --> 01:29:16,821
10043- cities of Babel,
10044- Huh.
10045
100462202
1004701:29:16,853 --> 01:29:19,235
10048in the ancient area of Mesopotamia.
10049
100502203
1005101:29:19,266 --> 01:29:23,266
10052And so, one at a time,
10053I studied all of those areas...
10054
100552204
1005601:29:22,032 --> 01:29:25,266
10057and found only one that
10058meets all the criteria of...
10059
100602205
1006101:29:25,321 --> 01:29:28,321
10062- the famous site of the Tower of Babel.
10063- Hhh.
10064
100652206
1006601:29:28,323 --> 01:29:30,323
10067And that is site of Eridu,
10068
100692207
1007001:29:30,245 --> 01:29:33,466
10071which is in southeastern Mesopotamia.
10072
100732208
1007401:29:33,513 --> 01:29:36,513
10075We have signs of
10076the expansion to the North,
10077
100782209
1007901:29:36,349 --> 01:29:38,763
10080to the South,
10081to the East,
10082
100832210
1008401:29:38,841 --> 01:29:41,841
10085to the West,
10086all the way as far as Egypt.
10087
100882211
1008901:29:41,781 --> 01:29:43,866
10090And when you say evidence, uh,
10091
100922212
1009301:29:43,906 --> 01:29:46,906
10094that is the artifacts
10095that we find in these...
10096
100972213
1009801:29:46,788 --> 01:29:48,146
10099archaeological digs?
10100
101012214
1010201:29:48,171 --> 01:29:50,235
10103Exactly.
10104There is an enormous
10105
101062215
1010701:29:50,275 --> 01:29:55,579
10108a, amount and very
10109specific kind of material culture...
10110
101112216
1011201:29:55,626 --> 01:29:58,277
10113that attest to this expansion of people.
10114
101152217
1011601:29:58,308 --> 01:30:01,457
10117And I'm connecting to
10118the post Babel dispersion.
10119
101202218
1012101:30:01,482 --> 01:30:03,494
10122Uh, here are the beveled rim bowls,
10123
101242219
1012501:30:03,519 --> 01:30:04,583
10126- these two,
10127- Uh-huh.
10128
101292220
1013001:30:04,608 --> 01:30:06,010
10131just that Riemchen brick...
10132
101332221
1013401:30:06,050 --> 01:30:08,050
10135- that we see up there,
10136- Oh, yeah.
10137
101382222
1013901:30:07,502 --> 01:30:10,080
10140and those two spouted jars,
10141
101422223
1014301:30:10,105 --> 01:30:14,474
10144all these diagnostic forms
10145of pottery and material culture,
10146
101472224
1014801:30:14,513 --> 01:30:16,724
10149they're found throughout the Near East.
10150
101512225
1015201:30:16,755 --> 01:30:20,755
10153The Bible describes an event that's not
10154just the confusion of language,
10155
101562226
1015701:30:20,435 --> 01:30:22,505
10158but the dispersing of people...
10159
101602227
1016101:30:22,537 --> 01:30:24,537
10162- far from that city.
10163- Uh-huh.
10164
101652228
1016601:30:24,420 --> 01:30:26,352
10167And because we see language
10168
101692229
1017001:30:26,399 --> 01:30:28,680
10171or, or the written
10172expression of language,
10173
101742230
1017501:30:28,727 --> 01:30:30,727
10176- just pop up out of nowhere.
10177- Hhh.
10178
101792231
1018001:30:30,549 --> 01:30:32,749
10181And then different languages
10182
101832232
1018401:30:32,774 --> 01:30:35,660
10185being represented
10186through cuneiform script
10187
101882233
1018901:30:35,692 --> 01:30:38,621
10190or through hieroglyphic script
10191or, or other means.
10192
101932234
1019401:30:38,653 --> 01:30:41,694
10195So you do not have
10196a universal plan
10197
101982235
1019901:30:41,726 --> 01:30:43,726
10200that's followed among
10201all of those languages.
10202
102032236
1020401:30:43,710 --> 01:30:47,353
10205You see great diversity
10206in the forms of grammar,
10207
102082237
1020901:30:47,384 --> 01:30:50,587
10210from language to language
10211even in ancient languages.
10212
102132238
1021401:30:50,641 --> 01:30:52,376
10215It, it seems then that
10216
102172239
1021801:30:52,401 --> 01:30:54,658
10219the event recorded in Genesis...
10220
102212240
1022201:30:54,689 --> 01:30:56,407
10223about the Tower of Babel,
10224
102252241
1022601:30:56,446 --> 01:30:59,518
10227that's a very, very event
10228for archeology.
10229
102302242
1023101:30:59,550 --> 01:31:00,470
10232It is.
10233
102342243
1023501:31:00,495 --> 01:31:02,573
10236So all of this fits perfectly
10237
102382244
1023901:31:02,612 --> 01:31:05,612
10240with what we, we would see
10241as the biblical account...
10242
102432245
1024401:31:05,143 --> 01:31:07,321
10245of how languages took place.
10246
102472246
1024801:31:07,346 --> 01:31:10,346
10249It's, it's really the only way
10250of explaining this.
10251
102522247
1025301:31:10,331 --> 01:31:12,503
10254So the integrity of biblical history,
10255
102562248
1025701:31:12,542 --> 01:31:14,331
10258ultimately, is justified,...
10259
102602249
1026101:31:14,393 --> 01:31:16,682
10262by the expression of these languages.
10263
102642250
1026501:31:16,729 --> 01:31:20,817
10266Now, most of us think today
10267of a tower the kind of thing
10268
102692251
1027001:31:20,850 --> 01:31:24,070
10271we see in big cities,
10272they have big straight walls.
10273
102742252
1027501:31:24,095 --> 01:31:26,095
10276Is that what they were building?
10277
102782253
1027901:31:25,686 --> 01:31:28,686
10280Well, essentially,
10281it's a variation of the pyramid.
10282
102832254
1028401:31:28,527 --> 01:31:30,527
10285And there were four sides to it
10286
102872255
1028801:31:30,160 --> 01:31:33,160
10289and several stairways
10290that would go up to the top.
10291
102922256
1029301:31:33,089 --> 01:31:35,239
10294At Eridu,
10295we have a temple...
10296
102972257
1029801:31:35,279 --> 01:31:37,279
10299that existed in 18 different phases,
10300
103012258
1030201:31:37,304 --> 01:31:40,521
10303and in every phase,
10304it grew in its size and complexity.
10305
103062259
1030701:31:40,568 --> 01:31:41,394
10308Uh-huh.
10309
103102260
1031101:31:41,419 --> 01:31:44,659
10312And that final temple,
10313that final phase of the temple,
10314
103152261
1031601:31:44,694 --> 01:31:47,351
10317it was abandoned immediately,
10318
103192262
1032001:31:47,413 --> 01:31:49,593
10321right at the time
10322of the late Uruk
10323
103242263
1032501:31:49,632 --> 01:31:50,638
10326- expansion.
10327- Hhh.
10328
103292264
1033001:31:50,663 --> 01:31:56,488
10331Cater-cornered to the temple was
10332an absolutely enormous platform.
10333
103342265
1033501:31:56,535 --> 01:32:00,535
10336You think that could be the foundation
10337of the Tower of Babel?
10338
103392266
1034001:31:59,684 --> 01:32:00,462
10341Absolutely.
10342
103432267
1034401:32:00,487 --> 01:32:02,487
10345And I would suggest to you...
10346
103472268
1034801:32:02,049 --> 01:32:04,604
10349- that this late Uruk expansion...
10350- Hhh.
10351
103522269
1035301:32:04,659 --> 01:32:06,714
10354where this technology began...
10355
103562270
1035701:32:06,739 --> 01:32:08,870
10358was something that spread
10359with the people.
10360
103612271
1036201:32:08,909 --> 01:32:11,346
10363We find forms of these ziggurats...
10364
103652272
1036601:32:11,378 --> 01:32:13,581
10367all around the globe.
10368
103692273
1037001:32:13,612 --> 01:32:15,372
10371We find them in China.
10372
103732274
1037401:32:15,411 --> 01:32:16,880
10375We find them in India.
10376
103772275
1037801:32:16,927 --> 01:32:19,309
10379We find them in various parts of Americas.
10380
103812276
1038201:32:19,334 --> 01:32:21,334
10383- Hhh.
10384- We find them all over.
10385
103862277
1038701:32:20,949 --> 01:32:24,903
10388Well, obviously, we have
10389evidence here of civilization
10390
103912278
1039201:32:24,934 --> 01:32:28,366
10393and people beginning to gather
10394together in communities, even cities.
10395
103962279
1039701:32:28,428 --> 01:32:30,428
10398Do we have any
10399other evidence of that?
10400
104012280
1040201:32:30,264 --> 01:32:30,952
10403Absolutely.
10404
104052281
1040601:32:30,983 --> 01:32:33,983
10407We can move forward
10408to the time of Abraham.
10409
104102282
1041101:32:33,889 --> 01:32:36,889
10412Because we know that
10413Abraham lived at the site of Ur,
10414
104152283
1041601:32:36,600 --> 01:32:39,365
10417which was also in
10418southern Mesopotamia...
10419
104202284
1042101:32:39,397 --> 01:32:42,196
10422at the end of
10423the third millennium BC.
10424
104252285
1042601:32:42,235 --> 01:32:45,235
10427That brings us to the end
10428of Genesis chapter 11.
10429
104302286
1043101:32:44,657 --> 01:32:45,540
10432Exactly.
10433
104342287
1043501:32:45,571 --> 01:32:49,633
10436In fact, you see some pottery,
10437some cuneiform tablets,
10438
104392288
1044001:32:49,665 --> 01:32:52,844
10441all dating to the period
10442of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
10443
104442289
1044501:32:52,869 --> 01:32:57,869
10446It, it's amazing just as we're sitting here
10447and thinking about that, you know,
10448
104492290
1045001:32:56,016 --> 01:32:58,321
10451thinking uh, about Abraham
10452
104532291
1045401:32:58,346 --> 01:33:02,969
10455and that this represents the culture
10456and civilization that he lived in.
10457
104582292
1045901:33:03,032 --> 01:33:06,032
10460It's a great tie to that
10461record in Genesis for.
10462
104632293
1046401:33:05,628 --> 01:33:08,628
10465It is fascinating and
10466it gives you a feeling of...
10467
104682294
1046901:33:07,987 --> 01:33:09,987
10470- put your hands around the events
10471- Hhh.
10472
104732295
1047401:33:09,973 --> 01:33:12,973
10475- that go on in the biblical text.
10476- Right. Yup.
10477
104782296
1047901:33:13,038 --> 01:33:14,780
10480When I looked through history,
10481
104822297
1048301:33:14,827 --> 01:33:16,873
10484I realized each of these cultures
10485
104862298
1048701:33:16,913 --> 01:33:20,553
10488had been impacted by
10489the events recorded in Genesis.
10490
104912299
1049201:33:20,623 --> 01:33:24,375
10493But, what is the importance
10494of Genesis to us today?
10495
104962300
1049701:33:32,580 --> 01:33:36,580
10498George Grant wanted to meet me
10499at a garden near his home.
10500
105012301
1050201:33:35,908 --> 01:33:39,939
10503He said it was a good reminder
10504of where our history began.
10505
105062302
1050701:33:40,650 --> 01:33:42,978
10508So it's something significant about
10509
105102303
1051101:33:43,018 --> 01:33:44,627
10512uh, the Genesis text
10513
105142304
1051501:33:44,666 --> 01:33:47,049
10516in which Adam and Eve
10517were then placed
10518
105192305
1052001:33:47,083 --> 01:33:49,356
10521into a garden to tend it.
10522
105232306
1052401:33:49,408 --> 01:33:51,408
10525Uh, that's more than just a story.
10526
105272307
1052801:33:51,371 --> 01:33:53,371
10529It's much more than just a story.
10530
105312308
1053201:33:53,256 --> 01:33:56,256
10533One of the things that
10534you see in Genesis chapter 1...
10535
105362309
1053701:33:56,248 --> 01:33:59,803
10538is the structure for time.
10539
105402310
1054101:33:59,842 --> 01:34:03,683
10542Uh, the universe is created
10543for a 24-hour day.
10544
105452311
1054601:34:03,708 --> 01:34:07,922
10547And so everything from
10548the way our sleep cycles
10549
105502312
1055101:34:07,947 --> 01:34:10,953
10552and the way our work cycles work,
10553
105542313
1055501:34:11,032 --> 01:34:12,819
10556all come from that
10557
105582314
1055901:34:12,851 --> 01:34:15,585
10560definitive historical account there.
10561
105622315
1056301:34:15,640 --> 01:34:18,073
10564When we get to uh,
10565Genesis chapter 2,
10566
105672316
1056801:34:18,118 --> 01:34:21,118
10569we start to see the meaning
10570and purpose of man.
10571
105722317
1057301:34:20,843 --> 01:34:22,843
10574Of course,
10575in Genesis chapter 3,
10576
105772318
1057801:34:22,619 --> 01:34:26,189
10579we see disruption of
10580everything by the fall.
10581
105822319
1058301:34:26,263 --> 01:34:28,734
10584The implications of a historical fall,
10585
105862320
1058701:34:28,759 --> 01:34:31,353
10588an actual man and
10589an actual woman,
10590
105912321
1059201:34:31,384 --> 01:34:35,378
10593who actually yielded
10594to actual sin...
10595
105962322
1059701:34:35,449 --> 01:34:39,386
10598have then implications off
10599through the rest of the Bible.
10600
106012323
1060201:34:39,519 --> 01:34:42,396
10603If you remove a literal Adam and Eve,
10604
106052324
1060601:34:42,421 --> 01:34:46,271
10607That, that changes the whole
10608shape of what the history is...
10609
106102325
1061101:34:46,341 --> 01:34:48,654
10612and how history is remembered.
10613
106142326
1061501:34:48,740 --> 01:34:52,055
10616Is that because when
10617we pull an Adam and Eve
10618
106192327
1062001:34:52,090 --> 01:34:55,437
10621out of the historical record,
10622
106232328
1062401:34:55,484 --> 01:34:57,195
10625we can then pretty much...
10626
106272329
1062801:34:57,244 --> 01:34:59,758
10629make up what
10630we think about man,
10631
106322330
1063301:34:59,783 --> 01:35:02,531
10634and marriage,
10635and even sexuality?
10636
106372331
1063801:35:02,601 --> 01:35:04,023
10639Absolutely.
10640
106412332
1064201:35:04,054 --> 01:35:06,748
10643The apostle Paul
10644understood the events
10645
106462333
1064701:35:06,773 --> 01:35:09,963
10648of the uh, early chapters of Genesis
10649
106502334
1065101:35:09,994 --> 01:35:12,291
10652as formative, not only
10653
106542335
1065501:35:12,338 --> 01:35:14,046
10656for our understanding of history,
10657
106582336
1065901:35:14,081 --> 01:35:16,165
10660but for relationships
10661
106622337
1066301:35:16,212 --> 01:35:19,494
10664between men and women
10665and their children,
10666
106672338
1066801:35:19,548 --> 01:35:21,847
10669uh, the character and
10670nature of marriage,
10671
106722339
1067301:35:21,878 --> 01:35:27,325
10674uh, rightness and wrongness in
10675moral relations, including sexuality.
10676
106772340
1067801:35:27,364 --> 01:35:30,083
10679- All of that is assumed...
10680- Hhh.
10681
106822341
1068301:35:30,122 --> 01:35:32,716
10684from those early chapters of Genesis,
10685
106862342
1068701:35:32,755 --> 01:35:36,812
10688often time quoting the passages verbatim.
10689
106902343
1069101:35:36,866 --> 01:35:39,195
10692It, it seems that even Peters
10693
106942344
1069501:35:39,226 --> 01:35:44,007
10696is taking that event of the Flood,
10697for example, as a historic event,
10698
106992345
1070001:35:44,046 --> 01:35:45,843
10701and laying it in
10702
107032346
1070401:35:45,898 --> 01:35:50,265
10705the context of which is pointing to
10706a judgment that will, that will come.
10707
107082347
1070901:35:50,296 --> 01:35:52,296
10710So even judgment is a part...
10711
107122348
1071301:35:52,251 --> 01:35:54,876
10714of, of understanding
10715that historical record.
10716
107172349
1071801:35:54,923 --> 01:35:57,900
10719You cut things off from history...
10720
107212350
1072201:35:58,876 --> 01:36:02,260
10723and lose sight of the meaning of all of it.
10724
107252351
1072601:36:02,337 --> 01:36:05,675
10727I think most Christians,
10728uh, when we talk about...
10729
107302352
1073101:36:05,722 --> 01:36:07,766
10732uh, for example,
10733the life of Christ,
10734
107352353
1073601:36:07,801 --> 01:36:10,576
10737those are understood
10738to be historical...
10739
107402354
1074101:36:10,632 --> 01:36:11,936
10742- accounts.
10743- Right.
10744
107452355
1074601:36:11,975 --> 01:36:16,122
10747Why is it that when we look at
10748the account in Genesis,
10749
107502356
1075101:36:16,169 --> 01:36:19,640
10752that we have a tendency
10753not to want to do that?
10754
107552357
1075601:36:19,734 --> 01:36:24,046
10757We have a tendency not to do it
10758because we're constantly exhorted...
10759
107602358
1076101:36:24,101 --> 01:36:26,101
10762to not see it that way.
10763
107642359
1076501:36:25,983 --> 01:36:27,327
10766From the culture around us?
10767
107682360
1076901:36:27,353 --> 01:36:30,313
10770The culture around us,
10771uh, from theologians,
10772
107732361
1077401:36:30,360 --> 01:36:33,212
10775uh, modern theologians
10776who are trying to,
10777
107782362
1077901:36:33,243 --> 01:36:35,110
10780some how in their minds,
10781
107822363
1078301:36:35,149 --> 01:36:37,733
10784fit the truths of Scripture with the...
10785
107862364
1078701:36:37,758 --> 01:36:40,758
10788- the so-called discoveries of science,
10789- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
10790
107912365
1079201:36:40,562 --> 01:36:43,562
10793which if you know anything
10794about the history of science,
10795
107962366
1079701:36:43,120 --> 01:36:46,712
10798- you know it's incredibly unreliable path.
10799- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
10800
108012367
1080201:36:46,737 --> 01:36:49,539
10803So we are constantly bombarded...
10804
108052368
1080601:36:49,617 --> 01:36:53,786
10807with this message that
10808we have to adjust our view.
10809
108102369
1081101:36:53,934 --> 01:36:58,192
10812But I think there are a lot of
10813Christians who have a sense...
10814
108152370
1081601:36:58,262 --> 01:37:01,373
10817that the historicity of Genesis...
10818
108192371
1082001:37:01,428 --> 01:37:05,858
10821is just not that important
10822to their Christianity.
10823
108242372
1082501:37:05,944 --> 01:37:09,944
10826I, I think we have been sold
10827the bill of goods on that.
10828
108292373
1083001:37:08,952 --> 01:37:13,782
10831When you, somehow,
10832make those chapters
10833
108342374
1083501:37:13,821 --> 01:37:16,063
10836a different category altogether,
10837
108382375
1083901:37:16,103 --> 01:37:17,744
10840and non-historical,
10841
108422376
1084301:37:17,798 --> 01:37:21,798
10844What, what are you doing to
10845all of the rest of the Bible?
10846
108472377
1084801:37:20,191 --> 01:37:22,191
10849The Bible that assumes that is true,
10850
108512378
1085201:37:22,206 --> 01:37:25,019
10853the Bible that treats it
10854as historical true,
10855
108562379
1085701:37:25,058 --> 01:37:29,058
10858and the Bible that refers back to
10859all of the characters that are there,
10860
108612380
1086201:37:29,043 --> 01:37:32,043
10863does that then negates
10864the whole of the Bible?
10865
108662381
1086701:37:31,507 --> 01:37:33,818
10868Well, yes.
10869
108702382
1087101:37:33,912 --> 01:37:36,427
10872And that's exactly
10873what the strategy was
10874
108752383
1087601:37:36,467 --> 01:37:37,873
10877of the higher critics
10878
108792384
1088001:37:37,927 --> 01:37:39,982
10881in the 18th and 19th centuries.
10882
108832385
1088401:37:40,031 --> 01:37:41,625
10885They knew...
10886
108872386
1088801:37:41,796 --> 01:37:45,992
10889if you could, somehow,
10890attack the first three...
10891
108922387
1089301:37:46,054 --> 01:37:49,875
10894or first eleven chapters of Genesis...
10895
108962388
1089701:37:49,984 --> 01:37:51,984
10898you're done away with the whole thing.
10899
109002389
1090101:37:52,195 --> 01:37:55,705
10902Well, George, all of this
10903brings us back in to...
10904
109052390
1090601:37:55,799 --> 01:37:58,166
10907the notion that the history...
10908
109092391
1091001:37:58,260 --> 01:38:02,963
10911uh, that is recorded in Genesis
10912or any true history at all is critical...
10913
109142392
1091501:38:02,988 --> 01:38:06,988
10916for us, in terms of understanding
10917what's going on around us.
10918
109192393
1092001:38:06,369 --> 01:38:07,822
10921Yeah.
10922In, in fact,...
10923
109242394
1092501:38:07,861 --> 01:38:11,308
10926it reminds us of how
10927important history is...
10928
109292395
1093001:38:11,355 --> 01:38:14,761
10931and anchoring all of
10932the other human disciplines.
10933
109342396
1093501:38:14,808 --> 01:38:18,693
10936Uh, it is the history
10937that helps to inform science.
10938
109392397
1094001:38:18,740 --> 01:38:23,169
10941So that science can begin
10942its journey of discovery in the world.
10943
109442398
1094501:38:23,263 --> 01:38:27,234
10946So what the history does
10947is it tells us what happened.
10948
109492399
1095001:38:27,515 --> 01:38:30,406
10951Then what science
10952attempts to do is...
10953
109542400
1095501:38:30,468 --> 01:38:33,468
10956it, it asks the question,
10957well, how did it happen?
10958
109592401
1096001:38:33,492 --> 01:38:35,992
10961And then,
10962it, it begins to explore
10963
109642402
1096501:38:36,070 --> 01:38:37,538
10966the how, the mechanics,
10967
109682403
1096901:38:37,570 --> 01:38:38,906
10970- the structures
10971- Hhh.
10972
109732404
1097401:38:38,969 --> 01:38:41,773
10975uh, that were present in those events.
10976
109772405
1097801:38:41,851 --> 01:38:43,851
10979If you try to reverse that,
10980
109812406
1098201:38:43,365 --> 01:38:45,592
10983if you try to make science...
10984
109852407
1098601:38:45,661 --> 01:38:48,802
10987- uh, saying what actually happened,
10988- Uh-huh.
10989
109902408
1099101:38:48,872 --> 01:38:52,671
10992uh, then you, you wind up
10993having a worldview
10994
109952409
1099601:38:52,726 --> 01:38:56,085
10997that is constantly shifting
10998where nothing is certain.
10999
110002410
1100101:38:56,140 --> 01:38:58,233
11002And moral relativism...
11003
110042411
1100501:38:58,335 --> 01:39:00,991
11006is the necessary outcome.
11007
110082412
1100901:39:01,397 --> 01:39:03,819
11010And God has given us that bedrock.
11011
110122413
1101301:39:03,858 --> 01:39:05,858
11014He has given us that foundation
11015
110162414
1101701:39:05,845 --> 01:39:07,571
11018in that historical record.
11019
110202415
1102101:39:07,626 --> 01:39:10,626
11022He has given it to us
11023in that historical record...
11024
110252416
1102601:39:10,440 --> 01:39:13,751
11027going all the way back
11028to Genesis chapter 1...
11029
110302417
1103101:39:13,837 --> 01:39:15,837
11032- and the garden.
11033- And the garden.
11034
110352418
1103601:39:17,103 --> 01:39:20,814
11037In the end, I suppose
11038we always return home.
11039
110402419
1104101:39:20,905 --> 01:39:23,213
11042And for me, home is Colorado.
11043
110442420
1104501:39:23,337 --> 01:39:24,754
11046I always think more clearly...
11047
110482421
1104901:39:24,779 --> 01:39:27,779
11050when I'm out in the beauty
11051of God's creation.
11052
110532422
1105401:39:27,902 --> 01:39:31,902
11055We've been in a lot of places
11056and seen a lot of things,...
11057
110582423
1105901:39:31,254 --> 01:39:33,394
11060but considering everything together,...
11061
110622424
1106301:39:33,480 --> 01:39:36,480
11064it's clear that nothing
11065in the world makes sense,
11066
110672425
1106801:39:36,459 --> 01:39:39,514
11069except in the light of Genesis.
11070
110712426
1107201:39:42,170 --> 01:39:44,170
11073I love being in the mountains,
11074
110752427
1107601:39:43,720 --> 01:39:46,367
11077especially, ones like these.
11078
110792428
1108001:39:46,477 --> 01:39:48,985
11081They help give us
11082a good perspective,...
11083
110842429
1108501:39:49,146 --> 01:39:52,143
11086help us realize
11087that we're small and...
11088
110892430
1109001:39:52,252 --> 01:39:54,072
11091finite, and vulnerable.
11092
110932431
1109401:39:54,312 --> 01:39:55,960
11095They humble us.
11096
110972432
1109801:39:56,195 --> 01:39:59,195
11099And we need to be humble
11100because we have...
11101
111022433
1110301:39:58,251 --> 01:40:00,634
11104a tendency to base our ideas...
11105
111062434
1110701:40:00,713 --> 01:40:02,533
11108on our own small...
11109
111102435
1111101:40:02,619 --> 01:40:04,354
11112set of experiences.
11113
111142436
1111501:40:04,556 --> 01:40:09,556
11116That's why the wisdom of the ages
11117has told us over and over again...
11118
111192437
1112001:40:08,111 --> 01:40:10,191
11121to know history.
11122
111232438
1112401:40:10,769 --> 01:40:14,183
11125Everything that we've done
11126up to this point...
11127
111282439
1112901:40:14,433 --> 01:40:16,402
11130has looked at the evidence
11131
111322440
1113301:40:16,449 --> 01:40:19,504
11134that shows us that
11135the word of God,...
11136
111372441
1113801:40:19,654 --> 01:40:24,092
11139the history that has been
11140laid down for us in Genesis is true.
11141
111422442
1114301:40:24,741 --> 01:40:28,123
11144God created the world in six days.
11145
111462443
1114701:40:28,436 --> 01:40:31,204
11148There was  a real Adam,
11149a real Eve.
11150
111512444
1115201:40:31,243 --> 01:40:33,243
11153There was a real fall.
11154
111552445
1115601:40:33,431 --> 01:40:35,462
11157It really was a flood...
11158
111592446
1116001:40:35,719 --> 01:40:38,719
11161that destroyed the world
11162and produced all of this.
11163
111642447
1116501:40:38,690 --> 01:40:42,461
11166It is glorious, but it represents
11167the judgment of God.
11168
111692448
1117001:40:43,005 --> 01:40:45,126
11171Everything supports...
11172
111732449
1117401:40:45,306 --> 01:40:47,329
11175what God has told us.
11176
111772450
1117801:40:47,532 --> 01:40:49,797
11179Genesis is history.
11180
111812451
1118201:40:50,009 --> 01:40:51,469
11183True history.