· 6 years ago · Mar 05, 2020, 02:14 PM
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8\title{Decentralized Network Of Blockchain}
9\subtitle{Project ID:2020MP049\\Review -II}
10\author[Rahul,Aakash,Prateek,Yash]{Group~Members\\RA1611003030012\\RA1611003030013\\RA1611003030019\\RA1611003030055\\ \medskip{Supervised By:\\Mrs Sonam Singh \\Assistant Professor CSE}}
11\institute[SRM IST]{SRM Institute of Science \& Technology}
12\logo{\includegraphics[scale=.2]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 18.54.46}}
13%\author{YYY}
14\date{\today}
15\begin{document}
16 \begin{frame}
17 \maketitle
18 \date{}
19 {Review - II}
20 \end{frame}
21 \begin{frame}{Table Of Contents}
22 \tableofcontents
23 \end{frame}
24 \section{Abstract}
25 \begin{frame}{Abstract}
26 \item This project will showcase a blockchain application of -decentralised asset transfer (equivalent to money transfer in paypal) in real time to various nodes/computers/people and everthing will be recorded, secured and hosted on an immutable blockchian data structure.
27 The blockchain network will include various functionalities including asset transfer between simulated nodes running in parallel, along with a Block Explorer which will act as a front end to track various transaction, addresses and the blockchain itself. It will also make use of various cryptographic alogorithms like SHA256, consensus & mining to implement hashing and providing a secure transacting environment. In addition to this it will also include an API (built from scratch) using Express.js and NODE to create a DATABASE in which the blockchain will be hosted. .
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30
31 \end{frame}
32 \section{Literature Survey}
33 \begin{frame}{Literature Survey~1}
34 \begin{itemize}
35 \item Authors: Erik Wittern, Annie Ying, Jim A. Laredo, Julian Dolby
36, Aleksander A. Slominski \\Topic: \textbf{"Opportunities in Software Engineering Research
37 for Web API Consumption"} \\Date: may 2017 \\DOI:\href{//arxiv.org/pdf/1705.06586.pdf}{\color{blue}{arvix.org}}
38\medskip{}
39 \\In this paper, we highlight abroad set of these challenges and argue for resulting opportunities
40 for software engineering research to support developers in
41 consuming web APIs. We outline two specific research threads in
42 this context: (1) web API specification curation, which enables us
43 to know the signatures of web APIs, and (2) static analysis that is
44 capable of extracting URLs, HTTP methods etc. of web API calls.
45
46 \end{itemize}
47 \end{frame}
48
49 \begin{frame}{Literature Survey~2}
50 \begin{itemize}
51 \item Arthur Gervais, Ghassan Karame, Karl Wüst, Srdjan Capkun\\Topic: \textbf{"On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains"} \\Date: oct 2016 \\DOI:\href{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309451429_On_the_Security_and_Performance_of_Proof_of_Work_Blockchains}{\color{blue}{researchgate.net pubications}}
52\medskip{}
53 \\Proof of Work (PoW) powered blockchains currently account for more than 90 percent of the total market capitalization of existing digital cryptocurrencies. This opens the question whether existing security analysis of PoW applies to other implementations which have been instantiated with different consensus and/or network parameters. In this paper, we introduce a novel quantitative framework to analyse the security and performance implications of various consensus and network parameters of PoW blockchains.
54 \end{itemize}
55 \end{frame}
56
57 \begin{frame}{Literature Survey~3}
58 \begin{itemize}
59 \item Authors: Zibin Zheng, Shaoan Xie, Hong-Ning Dai, Xiangping Chen \\Topic: \textbf{"An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends"} \\Date: june 17 \\DOI:\href{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318131748_An_Overview_of_Blockchain_Technology_Architecture_Consensus_and_Future_Trends}{\color{blue}{researchgate.net publications}}
60\medskip{}
61 \\This paper presents a comprehensive overview on blockchain technology. We provide an overview of blockchain architechture firstly and compare some typical consensus algorithms used in different blockchains. Furthermore, technical challenges and recent advances are briefly listed. We also lay out possible future trends for blockchain.
62
63
64 \end{itemize}
65 \end{frame}
66
67 \begin{frame}{Literature Survey~4}
68 \begin{itemize}
69 \item Authors: Satoshi Nakamoto \\Topic: \textbf{"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"} \\Date: Aug 2008 \\DOI:\href{https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf}{\color{blue}{bitcoin pdf}}
70\medskip{}
71 \\A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online
72payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a
73financial institution.Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work.
74
75 \end{itemize}
76 \end{frame}
77
78 \begin{frame}{Literature Survey~5}
79 \begin{itemize}
80 \item Authors: Rajeev Singh \\Topic: \textbf{"Building a Restful CRUD API with Node.js, Express and MongoDB"} \\Date: June 2017 \\DOI:\href{https://www.callicoder.com/node-js-express-mongodb-restful-crud-api-tutorial/}{\color{blue}{10.1109/MWC.2015.7054713}}
81 \\ \item Authors: Spencer Huang \\Topic: \textbf{"Learn & Build a JS Blockchain"} \\Date: June 2017 \\DOI:\href{https://medium.com/@spenserhuang/learn-build-a-javascript-blockchain-part-1-ca61c285821e}{\color{blue}{@spencerHuang}}
82
83
84 \end{itemize}
85 \end{frame}
86
87
88
89\section{Identification of Research Gap and Problem}
90\begin{frame}[t]{Identification of Research Gap and Problem}
91\begin{itemize}
92 \item Blockchain transactions are irreversible and can only be refunded by the receiving party—a key difference in credit/debit card transactions is that they can be canceled leading to issues like double spending, fraudulent money transfer,etc. But making the money/asset transfer through Blockchain leads to a transaction history that can’t be changed.
93 \item In Blockchain there is no third party involved in the transaction, it is P2P(Peer to Peer) so no or very minimal extra processing fee would be charged(by nodes) this means for Users, the advantages of receiving payments made using the virtual currency save substantially on processing fees and eliminate the risk of charge-backs.
94
95\end{itemize}
96\end{frame}
97
98
99\begin{frame}[t]{Identification of Research Gap and Problem}
100\begin{itemize}
101 \item Using traditional payment system carries the risk of incurring late fees, interest charges, foreign transaction fees, and potentially adverse effects on your credit score. Hence these issues can be solved with our Blockchain decentralized network which monitors and provides us with the functionality so that we can do transaction and view it in realtime..
102 \item Compared to other blockchain systems, our blockchain provides in-built "Chain Validation", which means the data inside the blocks is verified using hashes and transaction Id on the go in our blockchain datastructure itself, whereas other blockchain systems like "ethereum" require the nodes to carry out this task which further increases the processing fee and time, thereby slowing the transactions.
103\end{itemize}
104\end{frame}
105
106
107\section{Expected Impact on Industry}
108\begin{frame}[t]{Expected Impact on Industry}
109 \begin{itemize}
110 \item \textbf{Healthcare} \medskip{}
111 \\We went to a new doctor and we had to fill out paperwork that is almost exactly the same as paperwork at another doctor. The health issues, family history, and your body, healthcare is an industry that clearly needs some digital revolution influence. Medical records on a block-chain, owned by the individual and easily distributive to various doctors will revolutionize the Healthcare industry. \medskip{}
112 \item \textbf{Enterprise} \medskip{}
113 \\Blockchains may revolutionize enterprise, which can be clear to see by browsing various industries listed on this page. Enterprise can be greatly and positively impacted by block-chains. They can provide secure and transparent ways for tracking transactions within and between businesses, whether that be financial records, customer records, receipts, orders, etc. \medskip{}
114 \end{itemize}
115 \end{frame}
116
117\begin{frame}[t]{Impact on Industry}
118 \begin{itemize}
119 \item \textbf{Payments} \medskip{}
120 \\Blockchain will change the way we handle and manage online transactions which will more than likely disrupt the banking and financial industry. The fact that blockchain enables decentralized transactions across a P2P network, which means that there is no mediator, resulting in fewer fees to pay and almost instant operations. Any transactions that are carried out through the blockchain system are much more secure and transparent. Businesses would be prone to using the blockchain system because of its various benefits. These benefits include time and cost efficiency, time-saving (and time is money in business), privacy, security, fraud reduction, smart contracts, record keeping, and decentralization. Besides, blockchain storage costs can reduce the price of cloud computing up to 50 - 100. \medskip{}
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122
123
124 \end{itemize}
125 \end{frame}
126
127\begin{frame}[t]{Impact on Industry}
128 \begin{itemize}
129 \item \textbf{Finance} \medskip{}
130 \\The finance industry is seemingly quite aware of blockchain technology disrupting their field. Especially considering blockchains have their own cryptocurrency integrated into the system. Many financial institutions have already come forward to show support in researching and developing blockchain technology, recently RBI announced that they are doing research in digital currency and may soon introduce digital rupee.\medskip{}
131
132 \item \textbf{Academics} \medskip{}
133 \\ Blockchain technology offers many interesting solutions to problems or challenges in education. Blockchains in education touches on topics of identity and reputation, as well as privacy and security. They enable us to completely rework our education and credibility systems, as well as verify credentials, It emphasizes on education towards cyber-security, advanced networks security concepts. \medskip{}
134
135
136 \end{itemize}
137\end{frame}
138\section{Methodology of the Project Work}
139\begin{frame}[t]{Methodology of the Project Work}
140 \begin{center}
141 \includegraphics[scale = 0.3]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 18.20.17}
142 \end{center}
143 \end{frame}
144
145\begin{frame}[t]{Methodology of the Project Work}
146 \item This diagram shows the the methodology of how the project actually works. In our blockchain network when someone requests a transaction, the confirmation of the same involves numerous steps. First the transaction is sent to a pending array, where it is then picked up by nodes (network participants) for the mining process which includes implementation algorithms like PoW(proof of work), consensus to verify that the transaction and is correct, they are rewarded a small fee(called mining reward) for doing this. Basically these algorithms secure the transactions and data in blocks. Our blockchain also implements a light-weight chain validation algorithm which validates the added block itself, to prevent someone from creating a fake block. After this the new block (containing the transaction) is added to the chain, which marks the completion of transaction.
147 To interact with the blockchain we have created an API which works with the postman app, which allows us to send transactions, synchronize nodes, initiate mining process on a particular node, etc.
148
149
150\end{frame}
151
152\begin{frame}{Detailed Design}
153 These detailed diagrams showcase the PoW algorithm, the structure of block along with the data inside it, and the overall working of blockchain.
154\end{frame}
155
156\section{Detailed Design}
157\begin{frame}{Detailed Design}
158 \centering
159 \includegraphics[scale = 0.29]{Block chain arc.jpeg}
160\end{frame}
161
162\begin{frame}{Detailed Design}
163 \begin{center}
164 \includegraphics[scale = 0.29]{block.jpeg}
165 \end{center}
166\end{frame}
167\begin{frame}{Detailed Design}
168 \centering
169 \includegraphics[scale = 0.2]{pow.jpeg}
170\end{frame}
171
172
173
174
175
176\begin{frame}{Infrastructure Required}
177 \item
178 \\ \medskip{}
179
180 \\ 1.JavaScript IDE- WebStorm, popular JavaScript IDE on the market. Code completion, error detection, and refactorings for a number of languages like JavaScript, Node.js, HTML and CSS.
181
1822.Node.js- Installation of node.js and various libraries like- sha256, express.js, nodemon, uuid, request-promise, body-parser.
183
1843.Postman app-Postman is a collaboration platform for API development. Postman's features simplify each step of building an API and streamline collaboration so you can create better APIs—faster.
185
1864.Miscellaneous programs- Chrome web browser, JSON formatter , cmd prompt, and windows OS.
187\end{frame}
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191
192
193\section{Results Obtained}
194\begin{frame}{Results Obtained}
195 \item 1) Functional blockchain data structure, with a digital payment system.
196 \item 2) REST API (to interact with blocks), created from scratch using node.js and a server using the Express.js library.
197 \item 3) Successful implementation of algorithms like- SHA, specialized Consensus(PoW), Hybrid Chain Validation.
198 \item 4) Creations of new blocks through a rewarding mining process and hosting the blockchain across various instances of API to decentralize the process.
199 \item 5)Creation of immutable transactions followed by actual asset transfer in real time and a ledger to record them.
200 \item 6) A block explorer which will act as the UI and will allow us to explore the data inside the blockchain.
201
202\end{frame}
203
204\begin{frame}{Result Obtained}
205 \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 15.50.52}
206\end{frame}
207
208\begin{frame}{Result Obtained}
209 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{2}
210\end{frame}
211
212\begin{frame}{Result Obtained}
213 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 15.50.53 (1)}
214\end{frame}
215
216\begin{frame}{Result Obtained}
217 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 15.50.54}
218\end{frame}
219
220\begin{frame}{Result Obtained}
221 \includegraphics[scale=0.28]{WhatsApp Image 2020-03-05 at 15.50.54 (1)}
222\end{frame}
223\section{References}
224
225\begin{frame}[t]{References}
226\begin{itemize}
227 \item Arthur Gervaise, Kurt Whus "On the security and performance Proof of work Blockchains" 2.1.1 PoW Security.
228
229 \item Frederik Armknecht, Jens-Matthias Bohli, Ghassan O
230 Karame, Zongren Liu, and Christian A Reuter. Outsourced
231 proofs of retrievability. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM
232 SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications
233 Security, pages 831–843. ACM, 2014..
234
235 \item Satoshi Nakamoto "Bitcoin a peer to peer Electronic cash system"
236
237 \item \href{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279942768_Augmented_Reality_Smart_Glasses_Definition_Conceptual_Insights_and_Managerial_Importance}{\color{blue}{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/555.pdf}}, 2017.
238
239 \item Marcel Atzori Blockchain Technology and decentralized Governance
240\end{itemize}
241\end{frame}
242\end{document}