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1IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2Exam : 312-50v10
3Title : Certified Ethical Hacker Exam
4(CEH v10)
5Vendor : EC-COUNCIL
6Version : V12.95
71IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
8NO.1 Which of the following is a wireless network detector that is commonly found on Linux?
9A. Kismet
10B. Abel
11C. Netstumbler
12D. Nessus
13Answer: A
14NO.2 A security consultant decides to use multiple layers of anti-virus defense, such as end user
15desktop anti-virus and E-mail gateway. This approach can be used to mitigate which kind of attack?
16A. Forensic attack
17B. ARP spoofing attack
18C. Social engineering attack
19D. Scanning attack
20Answer: C
21NO.3 Code injection is a form of attack in which a malicious user:
22A. Inserts text into a data field that gets interpreted as code
23B. Gets the server to execute arbitrary code using a buffer overflow
24C. Inserts additional code into the JavaScript running in the browser
25D. Gains access to the codebase on the server and inserts new code
26Answer: A
27NO.4 Sid is a judge for a programming contest. Before the code reaches him it goes through a
28restricted OS and is tested there. If it passes, then it moves onto Sid. What is this middle step called?
29A. Fuzzy-testing the code
30B. Third party running the code
31C. Sandboxing the code
32D. String validating the code
33Answer: A
34NO.5 The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) contains six different categories of
35control objectives. Each objective contains one or more requirements, which must be followed in
36order to achieve compliance. Which of the following requirements would best fit under the objective,
37"Implement strong access control measures"?
38A. Regularly test security systems and processes.
39B. Encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open, public networks.
40C. Assign a unique ID to each person with computer access.
41D. Use and regularly update anti-virus software on all systems commonly affected by malware.
42Answer: C
43NO.6 Which of the following act requires employer's standard national numbers to identify them on
44standard transactions?
45A. SOX
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47B. HIPAA
48C. DMCA
49D. PCI-DSS
50Answer: B
51NO.7 Which of the following is an NMAP script that could help detect HTTP Methods such as GET,
52POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE?
53A. http-git
54B. http-headers
55C. http enum
56D. http-methods
57Answer: D
58NO.8 Fred is the network administrator for his company. Fred is testing an internal switch.
59From an external IP address, Fred wants to try and trick this switch into thinking it already has
60established a session with his computer. How can Fred accomplish this?
61A. Fred can accomplish this by sending an IP packet with the RST/SIN bit and the source address of
62his computer.
63B. He can send an IP packet with the SYN bit and the source address of his computer.
64C. Fred can send an IP packet with the ACK bit set to zero and the source address of the switch.
65D. Fred can send an IP packet to the switch with the ACK bit and the source address of his machine.
66Answer: D
67NO.9 What is the process of logging, recording, and resolving events that take place in an
68organization?
69A. Incident Management Process
70B. Security Policy
71C. Internal Procedure
72D. Metrics
73Answer: A
74Explanation
75The activities within the incident management process include:
76References:
77https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incident_management_(ITSM)#Incident_management_procedure
78NO.10 A hacker has managed to gain access to a Linux host and stolen the password file from
79/etc/passwd. How can he use it?
80A. The password file does not contain the passwords themselves.
81B. He can open it and read the user ids and corresponding passwords.
82C. The file reveals the passwords to the root user only.
83D. He cannot read it because it is encrypted.
84Answer: A
85NO.11 What is the most secure way to mitigate the theft of corporate information from a laptop
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87that was left in a hotel room?
88A. Set a BIOS password.
89B. Encrypt the data on the hard drive.
90C. Use a strong logon password to the operating system.
91D. Back up everything on the laptop and store the backup in a safe place.
92Answer: B
93NO.12 You are manually conducting Idle Scanning using Hping2. During your scanning you notice
94that almost every query increments the IPID regardless of the port being queried. One or two of the
95queries cause the IPID to increment by more than one value. Why do you think this occurs?
96A. The zombie you are using is not truly idle.
97B. A stateful inspection firewall is resetting your queries.
98C. Hping2 cannot be used for idle scanning.
99D. These ports are actually open on the target system.
100Answer: A
101NO.13 Darius is analysing IDS logs. During the investigation, he noticed that there was nothing
102suspicious found and an alert was triggered on normal web application traffic. He can mark this alert
103as:
104A. False-Negative
105B. False-Positive
106C. True-Positive
107D. False-Signature
108Answer: A
109NO.14 What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is closed?
110A. SYN
111B. ACK
112C. FIN
113D. PSH
114E. RST
115F. No response
116Answer: E
117NO.15 The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is the worldwide not-for-profit
118charitable organization focused on improving the security of software. What item is the primary
119concern on OWASP's Top Ten Project Most Critical Web Application Security Risks?
120A. Injection
121B. Cross Site Scripting
122C. Cross Site Request Forgery
123D. Path disclosure
124Answer: A
125Explanation
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127The top item of the OWASP 2013 OWASP's Top Ten Project Most Critical Web Application Security
128Risks is injection.
129Injection flaws, such as SQL, OS, and LDAP injection occur when untrusted data is sent to an
130interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker's hostile data can trick the interpreter into
131executing unintended commands or accessing data without proper authorization.
132References: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-Top_10
133NO.16 A recent security audit revealed that there were indeed several occasions that the company's
134network was breached. After investigating, you discover that your IDS is not configured properly and
135therefore is unable to trigger alarms when needed. What type of alert is the IDS giving?
136A. True Positive
137B. False Negative
138C. False Positive
139D. False Positive
140Answer: B
141Explanation
142New questions
143NO.17 A Network Administrator was recently promoted to Chief Security Officer at a local university.
144One of employee's new responsibilities is to manage the implementation of an RFID card access
145system to a new server room on campus. The server room will house student enrollment information
146that is securely backed up to an off-site location.
147During a meeting with an outside consultant, the Chief Security Officer explains that he is concerned
148that the existing security controls have not been designed properly. Currently, the Network
149Administrator is responsible for approving and issuing RFID card access to the server room, as well as
150reviewing the electronic access logs on a weekly basis.
151Which of the following is an issue with the situation?
152A. Segregation of duties
153B. Undue influence
154C. Lack of experience
155D. Inadequate disaster recovery plan
156Answer: A
157NO.18 Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
158A. Incident response services to any user, company, government agency, or organization in
159partnership with the Department of Homeland Security
160B. Maintenance of the nation's Internet infrastructure, builds out new Internet infrastructure, and
161decommissions old Internet infrastructure
162C. Registration of critical penetration testing for the Department of Homeland Security and public
163and private sectors
164D. Measurement of key vulnerability assessments on behalf of the Department of Defense (DOD) and
165State Department, as well as private sectors
166Answer: A
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168NO.19 Which of the following is used to indicate a single-line comment in structured query language
169(SQL)?
170A. --
171B. ||
172C. %%
173D. ''
174Answer: A
175NO.20 Supposed you are the Chief Network Engineer of a certain Telco. Your company is planning
176for a big business expansion and it requires that your network authenticate users connecting using
177analog modems, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks
178(VPN) over a Frame Relay network. Which AAA protocol would you implement?
179A. TACACS+
180B. DIAMETER
181C. Kerberos
182D. RADIUS
183Answer: D
184NO.21 Which of the following lists are valid data-gathering activities associated with a risk
185assessment?
186A. Threat identification, vulnerability identification, control analysis
187B. Threat identification, response identification, mitigation identification
188C. Attack profile, defense profile, loss profile
189D. System profile, vulnerability identification, security determination
190Answer: A
191NO.22 Which of the following command line switch would you use for OS detection in Nmap?
192A. -D
193B. -O
194C. -P
195D. -X
196Answer: B
197NO.23 A security consultant is trying to bid on a large contract that involves penetration testing and
198reporting. The company accepting bids wants proof of work so the consultant prints out several
199audits that have been performed. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result?
200A. The consultant will ask for money on the bid because of great work.
201B. The consultant may expose vulnerabilities of other companies.
202C. The company accepting bids will want the same type of format of testing.
203D. The company accepting bids will hire the consultant because of the great work performed.
204Answer: B
205NO.24 What type of vulnerability/attack is it when the malicious person forces the user's browser to
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207send an authenticated request to a server?
208A. Cross-site request forgery
209B. Cross-site scripting
210C. Session hijacking
211D. Server side request forgery
212Answer: A
213NO.25 Which of the following is a hashing algorithm?
214A. MD5
215B. PGP
216C. DES
217D. ROT13
218Answer: A
219NO.26 A security engineer has been asked to deploy a secure remote access solution that will allow
220employees to connect to the company's internal network. Which of the following can be
221implemented to minimize the opportunity for the man-in-the-middle attack to occur?
222A. SSL
223B. Mutual authentication
224C. IPSec
225D. Static IP addresses
226Answer: C
227NO.27 On a Linux device, which of the following commands will start the Nessus client in the
228background so that the Nessus server can be configured?
229A. nessus +
230B. nessus *s
231C. nessus &
232D. nessus -d
233Answer: C
234NO.28 If an attacker uses the command SELECT*FROM user WHERE name = 'x' AND userid IS NULL;
235--'; which type of SQL injection attack is the attacker performing?
236A. End of Line Comment
237B. UNION SQL Injection
238C. Illegal/Logically Incorrect Query
239D. Tautology
240Answer: D
241NO.29 A hacker, who posed as a heating and air conditioning specialist, was able to install a sniffer
242program in a switched environment network. Which attack could the hacker use to sniff all of the
243packets in the network?
244A. Fraggle
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246B. MAC Flood
247C. Smurf
248D. Tear Drop
249Answer: B
250NO.30 Least privilege is a security concept that requires that a user is
251A. limited to those functions required to do the job.
252B. given root or administrative privileges.
253C. trusted to keep all data and access to that data under their sole control.
254D. given privileges equal to everyone else in the department.
255Answer: A
256NO.31 Which DNS resource record can indicate how long any "DNS poisoning" could last?
257A. MX
258B. SOA
259C. NS
260D. TIMEOUT
261Answer: B
262NO.32 During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?
263During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?
264A. Private keys
265B. User passwords
266C. Public keys
267D. Public and private keys
268Answer: C
269NO.33 Using Windows CMD, how would an attacker list all the shares to which the current user
270context has access?
271A. NET USE
272B. NET CONFIG
273C. NET FILE
274D. NET VIEW
275Answer: A
276Explanation
277Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information
278about computer connections. The command also controls persistent net connections. Used without
279parameters, net use retrieves a list of network connections.
280References: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490717.aspx
281NO.34 What does the following command in netcat do?
282nc -l -u -p55555 < /etc/passwd
283A. logs the incoming connections to /etc/passwd file
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285B. loads the /etc/passwd file to the UDP port 55555
286C. grabs the /etc/passwd file when connected to UDP port 55555
287D. deletes the /etc/passwd file when connected to the UDP port 55555
288Answer: C
289NO.35 Sandra is the security administrator of XYZ.com. One day she notices that the XYZ.com Oracle
290database server has been compromised and customer information along with financial data has been
291stolen. The financial loss will be estimated in millions of dollars if the database gets into the hands of
292competitors. Sandra wants to report this crime to the law enforcement agencies immediately. Which
293organization coordinates computer crime investigations throughout the United States?
294A. NDCA
295B. NICP
296C. CIRP
297D. NPC
298E. CIA
299Answer: D
300NO.36 Which of the following is a characteristic of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
301A. Public-key cryptosystems are faster than symmetric-key cryptosystems.
302B. Public-key cryptosystems distribute public-keys within digital signatures.
303C. Public-key cryptosystems do not require a secure key distribution channel.
304D. Public-key cryptosystems do not provide technical non-repudiation via digital signatures.
305Answer: B
306NO.37 A network administrator received an administrative alert at 3:00 a.m. from the intrusion
307detection system. The alert was generated because a large number of packets were coming into the
308network over ports 20 and 21.
309During analysis, there were no signs of attack on the FTP servers. How should the administrator
310classify this situation?
311A. True negatives
312B. False negatives
313C. True positives
314D. False positives
315Answer: D
316NO.38 In the OSI model, where does PPTP encryption take place?
317A. Transport layer
318B. Application layer
319C. Data link layer
320D. Network layer
321Answer: C
322NO.39 Websites and web portals that provide web services commonly use the Simple Object Access
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324Protocol SOAP.
325Which of the following is an incorrect definition or characteristics in the protocol?
326A. Based on XML
327B. Provides a structured model for messaging
328C. Exchanges data between web services
329D. Only compatible with the application protocol HTTP
330Answer: D
331NO.40 A common cryptographical tool is the use of XOR. XOR the following binary values:
33210110001
33300111010
334A. 10001011
335B. 11011000
336C. 10011101
337D. 10111100
338Answer: A
339Explanation
340The XOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements an exclusive or; that is, a true output (1/HIGH)
341results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both
342are true, a false output results. XOR represents the inequality function, i.e., the output is true if the
343inputs are not alike otherwise the output is false. A way to remember XOR is "one or the other but
344not both".
345References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_gate
346NO.41 Which of the following resources does NMAP need to be used as a basic vulnerability scanner
347covering several vectors like SMB, HTTP and FTP?
348A. Metasploit scripting engine
349B. Nessus scripting engine
350C. NMAP scripting engine
351D. SAINT scripting engine
352Answer: C
353NO.42 During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name
354Server (DNS) in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network.
355What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called?
356A. Split DNS
357B. DNSSEC
358C. DynDNS
359D. DNS Scheme
360Answer: A
361Explanation
362In a split DNS infrastructure, you create two zones for the same domain, one to be used by the
363internal network, the other used by the external network. Split DNS directs internal hosts to an
364internal domain name server for name resolution and external hosts are directed to an external
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366domain name server for name resolution.
367References:
368http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/split_DNS.html
369NO.43 A security administrator notices that the log file of the company's webserver contains
370suspicious entries:
371Based on source code analysis, the analyst concludes that the login.php script is vulnerable to
372A. command injection.
373B. SQL injection.
374C. directory traversal.
375D. LDAP injection.
376Answer: B
377NO.44 PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography?
378A. Public Key
379B. Secret Key
380C. Hash Algorithm
381D. Digest
382Answer: A
383Explanation
384Public-key algorithms are fundamental security ingredients in cryptosystems, applications and
385protocols. They underpin various Internet standards, such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL),Transport
386Layer Security (TLS), S/MIME, PGP, Internet Key Exchange (IKE or IKEv2), and GPG.
387References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography
388NO.45 Which of the following commands runs snort in packet logger mode?
389A. ./snort -dev -h ./log
390B. ./snort -dev -l ./log
391C. ./snort -dev -o ./log
392D. ./snort -dev -p ./log
393Answer: B
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395NO.46 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has a need to authenticate users connecting using analog
396modems, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
397over a Frame Relay network.
398Which AAA protocol is most likely able to handle this requirement?
399A. RADIUS
400B. DIAMETER
401C. Kerberos
402D. TACACS+
403Answer: A
404Explanation
405Because of the broad support and the ubiquitous nature of the RADIUS protocol, it is often used by
406ISPs and enterprises to manage access to the Internet or internal networks, wireless networks, and
407integrated e-mail services. These networks may incorporate modems, DSL, access points, VPNs,
408network ports, web servers, etc.
409References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS
410NO.47 Smart cards use which protocol to transfer the certificate in a secure manner?
411A. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
412B. Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
413C. Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
414D. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
415Answer: A
416NO.48 Every company needs a formal written document which spells out to employees precisely
417what they are allowed to use the company's systems for, what is prohibited, and what will happen to
418them if they break the rules. Two printed copies of the policy should be given to every employee as
419soon as possible after they join the organization. The employee should be asked to sign one copy,
420which should be safely filed by the company. No one should be allowed to use the company's
421computer systems until they have signed the policy in acceptance of its terms.
422What is this document called?
423A. Information Audit Policy (IAP)
424B. Information Security Policy (ISP)
425C. Penetration Testing Policy (PTP)
426D. Company Compliance Policy (CCP)
427Answer: B
428NO.49 One way to defeat a multi-level security solution is to leak data via
429A. a bypass regulator.
430B. steganography.
431C. a covert channel.
432D. asymmetric routing.
433Answer: C
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435NO.50 Your next door neighbor, that you do not get along with, is having issues with their network,
436so he yells to his spouse the network's SSID and password and you hear them both clearly. What do
437you do with this information?
438A. Nothing, but suggest to him to change the network's SSID and password.
439B. Sell his SSID and password to friends that come to your house, so it doesn't slow down your
440network.
441C. Log onto to his network, after all it's his fault that you can get in.
442D. Only use his network when you have large downloads so you don't tax your own network.
443Answer: A
444NO.51 A security analyst is performing an audit on the network to determine if there are any
445deviations from the security policies in place. The analyst discovers that a user from the IT
446department had a dial-out modem installed. Which security policy must the security analyst check to
447see if dial-out modems are allowed?
448A. Firewall-management policy
449B. Acceptable-use policy
450C. Remote-access policy
451D. Permissive policy
452Answer: C
453NO.52 You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the
454following string of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
455alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: "FTP on the network!";)
456A. An Intrusion Detection System
457B. A firewall IPTable
458C. A Router IPTable
459D. FTP Server rule
460Answer: A
461Explanation
462Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (NIDS) for networks .
463Snort rule example:
464This example is a rule with a generator id of 1000001.
465alert tcp any any -> any 80 (content:"BOB"; gid:1000001; sid:1; rev:1;) References:
466http://manual-snort-org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/node31.html
467NO.53 Which of the following open source tools would be the best choice to scan a network for
468potential targets?
469A. NMAP
470B. NIKTO
471C. CAIN
472D. John the Ripper
473Answer: A
474NO.54 Which of the following is the successor of SSL?
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476A. TLS
477B. RSA
478C. GRE
479D. IPSec
480Answer: A
481Explanation
482Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), both of which are
483frequently referred to as 'SSL', are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security
484over a computer network.
485References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security
486NO.55 Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN
487standards on a linux platform?
488A. Kismet
489B. Nessus
490C. Netstumbler
491D. Abel
492Answer: A
493Explanation
494Kismet is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for 802.11 wireless LANs.
495Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff 802.11a,
496802.11b,
497802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. The program runs under Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Mac OS
498X.
499References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet_(software)
500NO.56 Joseph was the Web site administrator for the Mason Insurance in New York, who's main
501Web site was located at www.masonins.com. Joseph uses his laptop computer regularly to
502administer the Web site. One night, Joseph received an urgent phone call from his friend, Smith.
503According to Smith, the main Mason Insurance web site had been vandalized! All of its normal
504content was removed and replaced with an attacker's message ''Hacker Message: You are dead!
505Freaks!" From his office, which was directly connected to Mason Insurance's internal network, Joseph
506surfed to the Web site using his laptop. In his browser, the Web site looked completely intact.
507No changes were apparent. Joseph called a friend of his at his home to help troubleshoot the
508problem. The Web site appeared defaced when his friend visited using his DSL connection. So, while
509Smith and his friend could see the defaced page, Joseph saw the intact Mason Insurance web site. To
510help make sense of this problem, Joseph decided to access the Web site using hisdial-up ISP. He
511disconnected his laptop from the corporate internal network and used his modem to dial up the
512same ISP used by Smith. After his modem connected, he quickly typed www.masonins.com in his
513browser to reveal the following web page:
514After seeing the defaced Web site, he disconnected his dial-up line, reconnected to the internal
515network, and used Secure Shell (SSH) to log in directly to the Web server. He ran Tripwire against the
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517entire Web site, and determined that every system file and all the Web content on the server were
518intact. How did the attacker accomplish this hack?
519A. ARP spoofing
520B. SQL injection
521C. DNS poisoning
522D. Routing table injection
523Answer: C
524NO.57 Under what conditions does a secondary name server request a zone transfer from a primary
525name server?
526A. When a primary SOA is higher that a secondary SOA
527B. When a secondary SOA is higher that a primary SOA
528C. When a primary name server has had its service restarted
529D. When a secondary name server has had its service restarted
530E. When the TTL falls to zero
531Answer: A
532NO.58 Which of the following can take an arbitrary length of input and produce a message digest
533output of 160 bit?
534A. SHA-1
535B. MD5
536C. HAVAL
537D. MD4
538Answer: A
539NO.59 You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking attacks,
540such as expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion detection/prevention
541tools in your company's network. You have configured the most secure policies and tightened every
542device on your network. You are confident that hackers will never be able to gain access to your
543network with complex security system in place.
544Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the same department disagrees with you.
545He says even the best network security technologies cannot prevent hackers gaining access to the
546network because of presence of "weakest link" in the security chain.
547What is Peter Smith talking about?
548A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in your
549security chain
550B. "zero-day" exploits are the weakest link in the security chain since the IDS will not be able to
551detect these attacks
552C. "Polymorphic viruses" are the weakest link in the security chain since the Anti-Virus scanners will
553not be able to detect these attacks
554D. Continuous Spam e-mails cannot be blocked by your security system since spammers use different
555techniques to bypass the filters in your gateway
556Answer: A
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558NO.60 Which of the following types of firewalls ensures that the packets are part of the established
559session?
560A. Stateful inspection firewall
561B. Circuit-level firewall
562C. Application-level firewall
563D. Switch-level firewall
564Answer: A
565Explanation
566A stateful firewall is a network firewall that tracks the operating state and characteristics of network
567connections traversing it. The firewall is configured to distinguish legitimate packets for different
568types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection (session) are allowed to pass
569the firewall.
570References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall
571NO.61 You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99)
572has snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a
573syn scan in your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from
574snort. You decide to run wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi
575syslog machine.
576What wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine?
577A. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.150
578B. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.0.99
579C. tcp.dstport==514 && ip.dst==192.168.0.0/16
580D. tcp.srcport==514 && ip.src==192.168.150
581Answer: A
582Explanation
583We need to configure destination port at destination ip. The destination ip is 192.168.0.150, where
584the kiwi syslog is installed.
585References: https://wiki.wireshark.org/DisplayFilters
586NO.62 Which of the following can the administrator do to verify that a tape backup can be
587recovered in its entirety?
588A. Restore a random file.
589B. Perform a full restore.
590C. Read the first 512 bytes of the tape.
591D. Read the last 512 bytes of the tape.
592Answer: B
593Explanation
594A full restore is required.
595NO.63 What would you type on the Windows command line in order to launch the Computer
596Management Console provided that you are logged in as an admin?
597A. c:\compmgmt.msc
598B. c:\gpedit
59916IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
600C. c:\ncpa.cpl
601D. c:\services.msc
602Answer: A
603NO.64 What is the role of test automation in security testing?
604A. It can accelerate benchmark tests and repeat them with a consistent test setup. But it cannot
605replace manual testing completely.
606B. It is an option but it tends to be very expensive.
607C. It should be used exclusively. Manual testing is outdated because of low speed and possible test
608setup inconsistencies.
609D. Test automation is not usable in security due to the complexity of the tests.
610Answer: A
611NO.65 Which of the following programming languages is most vulnerable to buffer overflow
612attacks?
613A. Perl
614B. C++
615C. Python
616D. Java
617Answer: B
618NO.66 You want to do an ICMP scan on a remote computer using hping2. What is the proper syntax?
619A. hping2 host.domain.com
620B. hping2 --set-ICMP host.domain.com
621C. hping2 -i host.domain.com
622D. hping2 -1 host.domain.com
623Answer: D
624NO.67 Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture
625programs such as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek?
626A. tcptrace
627B. tcptraceroute
628C. Nessus
629D. OpenVAS
630Answer: A
631Explanation
632tcptrace is a tool for analysis of TCP dump files. It can take as input the files produced by several
633popular packet-capture programs, including tcpdump/WinDump/Wireshark, snoop, EtherPeek, and
634Agilent NetMetrix.
635References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcptrace
636NO.68 Which protocol is used for setting up secured channels between two devices, typically in
637VPNs?
638A. IPSEC
63917IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
640B. PEM
641C. SET
642D. PPP
643Answer: A
644NO.69 What is the approximate cost of replacement and recovery operation per year of a hard drive
645that has a value of $300 given that the technician who charges $10/hr would need 10 hours to
646restore OS and Software and needs further 4 hours to restore the database from the last backup to
647the new hard disk? Calculate the SLE, ARO, and ALE. Assume the EF = 1 (100%).
648A. $440
649B. $100
650C. $1320
651D. $146
652Answer: D
653NO.70 A recently hired network security associate at a local bank was given the responsibility to
654perform daily scans of the internal network to look for unauthorized devices. The employee decides
655to write a script that will scan the network for unauthorized devices every morning at 5:00 am.
656Which of the following programming languages would most likely be used?
657A. PHP
658B. C#
659C. Python
660D. ASP.NET
661Answer: C
662NO.71 As a Certified Ethical Hacker, you were contracted by a private firm to conduct an external
663security assessment through penetration testing.
664What document describes the specifics of the testing, the associated violations, and essentially
665protects both the organization's interest and your liabilities as a tester?
666A. Terms of Engagement
667B. Project Scope
668C. Non-Disclosure Agreement
669D. Service Level Agreement
670Answer: A
671NO.72 When comparing the testing methodologies of Open Web Application Security Project
672(OWASP) and Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) the main difference is
673A. OWASP is for web applications and OSSTMM does not include web applications.
674B. OSSTMM is gray box testing and OWASP is black box testing.
675C. OWASP addresses controls and OSSTMM does not.
676D. OSSTMM addresses controls and OWASP does not.
677Answer: D
678NO.73 Sophia travels a lot and worries that her laptop containing confidential documents might be
67918IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
680stolen. What is the best protection that will work for her?
681A. Password protected files
682B. Hidden folders
683C. BIOS password
684D. Full disk encryption.
685Answer: D
686NO.74 The establishment of a TCP connection involves a negotiation called 3 way handshake. What
687type of message sends the client to the server in order to begin this negotiation?
688A. RST
689B. ACK
690C. SYN-ACK
691D. SYN
692Answer: D
693NO.75 Which protocol is used for setting up secure channels between two devices, typically in
694VPNs?
695A. PPP
696B. IPSEC
697C. PEM
698D. SET
699Answer: B
700NO.76 What term describes the amount of risk that remains after the vulnerabilities are classified
701and the countermeasures have been deployed?
702A. Residual risk
703B. Inherent risk
704C. Deferred risk
705D. Impact risk
706Answer: A
707Explanation
708The residual risk is the risk or danger of an action or an event, a method or a (technical) process that,
709although being abreast with science, still conceives these dangers, even if all theoretically possible
710safety measures would be applied (scientifically conceivable measures); in other words, the amount
711of risk left over after natural or inherent risks have been reduced by risk controls.
712References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual_risk
713NO.77 Peter, a Network Administrator, has come to you looking for advice on a tool that would help
714him perform SNMP enquires over the network.
715Which of these tools would do the SNMP enumeration he is looking for? Select the best answers.
716A. SNMPUtil
717B. SNScan
718C. SNMPScan
71919IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
720D. Solarwinds IP Network Browser
721E. NMap
722Answer: A B D
723NO.78 Which of the following represents the initial two commands that an IRC client sends to join an
724IRC network?
725A. USER, NICK
726B. LOGIN, NICK
727C. USER, PASS
728D. LOGIN, USER
729Answer: A
730NO.79 An attacker, using a rogue wireless AP, performed an MITM attack and injected an HTML
731code to embed a malicious applet in all HTTP connections.
732When users accessed any page, the applet ran and exploited many machines.
733Which one of the following tools the hacker probably used to inject HTML code?
734A. Wireshark
735B. Ettercap
736C. Aircrack-ng
737D. Tcpdump
738Answer: B
739NO.80 Craig received a report of all the computers on the network that showed all the missing
740patches and weak passwords. What type of software generated this report?
741A. a port scanner
742B. a vulnerability scanner
743C. a virus scanner
744D. a malware scanner
745Answer: B
746NO.81 Which of the following antennas is commonly used in communications for a frequency band
747of 10 MHz to VHF and UHF?
748A. Omnidirectional antenna
749B. Dipole antenna
750C. Yagi antenna
751D. Parabolic grid antenna
752Answer: C
753NO.82 What is the name of the international standard that establishes a baseline level of confidence
754in the security functionality of IT products by providing a set of requirements for evaluation?
755A. Blue Book
756B. ISO 26029
757C. Common Criteria
75820IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
759D. The Wassenaar Agreement
760Answer: C
761NO.83 Switches maintain a CAM Table that maps individual MAC addresses on the network to
762physical ports on the switch.
763In MAC flooding attack, a switch is fed with many Ethernet frames, each containing different source
764MAC addresses, by the attacker. Switches have a limited memory for mapping various MAC
765addresses to physical ports. What happens when the CAM table becomes full?
766A. Switch then acts as hub by broadcasting packets to all machines on the network
767B. The CAM overflow table will cause the switch to crash causing Denial of Service
768C. The switch replaces outgoing frame switch factory default MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
769D. Every packet is dropped and the switch sends out SNMP alerts to the IDS port
770Answer: A
771NO.84 A company recently hired your team of Ethical Hackers to test the security of their network
772systems. The company wants to have the attack be as realistic as possible. They did not provide any
773information besides the name of their company. What phase of security testing would your team
774jump in right away?
775A. Scanning
776B. Reconnaissance
777C. Escalation
778D. Enumeration
779Answer: B
780NO.85 Study the snort rule given below:
78121IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
782From the options below, choose the exploit against which this rule applies.
783A. WebDav
784B. SQL Slammer
785C. MS Blaster
786D. MyDoom
787Answer: C
788NO.86 Which of the following programming languages is most susceptible to buffer overflow
789attacks, due to its lack of a built-in-bounds checking mechanism?
790Output:
791Segmentation fault
792A. C#
793B. Python
794C. Java
795D. C++
796Answer: D
797NO.87 You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access. You want to pivot and
798pass traffic undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System.
799What is the best approach?
800A. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.
801B. Install and use Telnet to encrypt all outgoing traffic from this server.
802C. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.
80322IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
804D. Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed via a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion
805Detection Systems.
806Answer: A
807Explanation
808Cryptcat enables us to communicate between two systems and encrypts the communication
809between them with twofish.
810References:
811http://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-like-pro-create-nearly-undetectable-backdoor-
812with-cryptcat-0149
813NO.88 If you want only to scan fewer ports than the default scan using Nmap tool, which option
814would you use?
815A. -sP
816B. -P
817C. -r
818D. -F
819Answer: B
820NO.89 The Heartbleed bug was discovered in 2014 and is widely referred to under MITRE's Common
821Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) as CVE-2014-0160. This bug affects the OpenSSL implementation
822of the transport layer security (TLS) protocols defined in RFC6520.
823What type of key does this bug leave exposed to the Internet making exploitation of any
824compromised system very easy?
825A. Private
826B. Public
827C. Shared
828D. Root
829Answer: A
830Explanation
831The data obtained by a Heartbleed attack may include unencrypted exchanges between TLS parties
832likely to be confidential, including any form post data in users' requests. Moreover, the confidential
833data exposed could include authentication secrets such as session cookies and passwords, which
834might allow attackers to impersonate a user of the service.
835An attack may also reveal private keys of compromised parties.
836References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed
837NO.90 Which of the following network attacks relies on sending an abnormally large packet size that
838exceeds TCP/IP specifications?
839A. Ping of death
840B. SYN flooding
841C. TCP hijacking
842D. Smurf attack
843Answer: A
84423IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
845NO.91 Which of the following tools can be used for passive OS fingerprinting?
846A. tcpdump
847B. nmap
848C. ping
849D. tracert
850Answer: A
851Explanation
852The passive operating system fingerprinting is a feature built into both the pf and tcpdump tools.
853References:
854http://geek00l.blogspot.se/2007/04/tcpdump-privilege-dropping-passive-os.html
855NO.92 Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough
856and comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and
857implementation?
858A. Penetration testing
859B. Social engineering
860C. Vulnerability scanning
861D. Access control list reviews
862Answer: A
863NO.93 You receive an e-mail like the one shown below. When you click on the link contained in the
864mail, you are redirected to a website seeking you to download free Anti-Virus software.
865Dear valued customers,
866We are pleased to announce the newest version of Antivirus 2010 for Windows which will probe you
867with total security against the latest spyware, malware, viruses, Trojans and other online threats.
868Simply visit the link below and enter your antivirus code:
869or you may contact us at the following address:
870Media Internet Consultants, Edif. Neptuno, Planta
871Baja, Ave. Ricardo J. Alfaro, Tumba Muerto, n/a Panama
872How will you determine if this is Real Anti-Virus or Fake Anti-Virus website?
873A. Look at the website design, if it looks professional then it is a Real Anti-Virus website
874B. Connect to the site using SSL, if you are successful then the website is genuine
875C. Search using the URL and Anti-Virus product name into Google and lookout for suspicious
876warnings against this site
877D. Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will
878prompt you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware
879E. Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will
88024IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
881prompt you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware
882Answer: C
883NO.94 You've gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc
884drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your
885tool kit you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux based tool has the ability to change any
886user's password or to activate disabled Windows accounts?
887A. CHNTPW
888B. Cain & Abel
889C. SET
890D. John the Ripper
891Answer: A
892Explanation
893chntpw is a software utility for resetting or blanking local passwords used by Windows NT, 2000, XP,
894Vista,
8957, 8 and 8.1. It does this by editing the SAM database where Windows stores password hashes.
896References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chntpw
897NO.95 Which protocol and port number might be needed in order to send log messages to a log
898analysis tool that resides behind a firewall?
899A. UDP 123
900B. UDP 541
901C. UDP 514
902D. UDP 415
903Answer: C
904NO.96 Which of the following tools will scan a network to perform vulnerability checks and
905compliance auditing?
906A. NMAP
907B. Metasploit
908C. Nessus
909D. BeEF
910Answer: C
911NO.97 Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust
912relationship exists and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?
913A. Certificate issuance
914B. Certificate validation
915C. Certificate cryptography
916D. Certificate revocation
917Answer: B
918NO.98 Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
919A. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of
92025IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
921the MBR
922B. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the
923MBR
924C. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the
925actual program
926D. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code
927Answer: A
928Explanation
929A boot sector virus is a computer virus that infects a storage device's master boot record (MBR). The
930virus moves the boot sector to another location on the hard drive.
931References: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26655/boot-sector-virus
932NO.99 Bob is doing a password assessment for one of his clients. Bob suspects that security policies
933are not in place.
934He also suspects that weak passwords are probably the norm throughout the company he is
935evaluating. Bob is familiar with password weaknesses and key loggers.
936Which of the following options best represents the means that Bob can adopt to retrieve passwords
937from his clients hosts and servers?
938A. Hardware, Software, and Sniffing.
939B. Hardware and Software Keyloggers.
940C. Passwords are always best obtained using Hardware key loggers.
941D. Software only, they are the most effective.
942Answer: A
943NO.100 The chance of a hard drive failure is once every three years. The cost to buy a new hard
944drive is $300. It will require 10 hours to restore the OS and software to the new hard disk. It will
945require a further 4 hours to restore the database from the last backup to the new hard disk. The
946recovery person earns $10/hour. Calculate the SLE, ARO, and ALE. Assume the EF = 1 (100%).
947What is the closest approximate cost of this replacement and recovery operation per year?
948A. $146
949B. $1320
950C. $440
951D. $100
952Answer: A
953Explanation
954The annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is the product of the annual rate of occurrence (ARO) and the
955single loss expectancy (SLE).
956Suppose than an asset is valued at $100,000, and the Exposure Factor (EF) for this asset is 25%. The
957single loss expectancy (SLE) then, is 25% * $100,000, or $25,000.
958In our example the ARO is 33%, and the SLE is 300+14*10 (as EF=1). The ALO is thus:
95933%*(300+14*10) which equals 146.
960References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annualized_loss_expectancy
961NO.101 You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the
962Computer Management Console from command line.
96326IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
964Which command would you use?
965A. c:\compmgmt.msc
966B. c:\services.msc
967C. c:\ncpa.cp
968D. c:\gpedit
969Answer: A
970Explanation
971To start the Computer Management Console from command line just type compmgmt.msc
972/computer:computername in your run box or at the command line and it should automatically open
973the Computer Management console.
974References:
975http://www.waynezim.com/tag/compmgmtmsc/
976NO.102 Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of
977known vulnerabilities?
978A. WebBugs
979B. WebGoat
980C. VULN_HTML
981D. WebScarab
982Answer: B
983NO.103 Identify the web application attack where the attackers exploit vulnerabilities in dynamically
984generated web pages to inject client-side script into web pages viewed by other users.
985A. SQL injection attack
986B. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
987C. LDAP Injection attack
988D. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
989Answer: B
990NO.104 You have successfully gained access to a linux server and would like to ensure that the
991succeeding outgoing traffic from this server will not be caught by a Network Based Intrusion
992Detection Systems (NIDS).
993What is the best way to evade the NIDS?
994A. Encryption
995B. Protocol Isolation
996C. Alternate Data Streams
997D. Out of band signalling
998Answer: A
999Explanation
1000When the NIDS encounters encrypted traffic, the only analysis it can perform is packet level analysis,
1001since the application layer contents are inaccessible. Given that exploits against today's networks are
1002primarily targeted against network services (application layer entities), packet level analysis ends up
1003doing very little to protect our core business assets.
1004References:
100527IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1006http://www.techrepublic.com/article/avoid-these-five-common-ids-implementation-errors/
1007NO.105 What do Trinoo, TFN2k, WinTrinoo, T-Sight, and Stracheldraht have in common?
1008A. All are hacking tools developed by the legion of doom
1009B. All are tools that can be used not only by hackers, but also security personnel
1010C. All are DDOS tools
1011D. All are tools that are only effective against Windows
1012E. All are tools that are only effective against Linux
1013Answer: C
1014NO.106 The purpose of a __________ is to deny network access to local area networks and other
1015information assets by unauthorized wireless devices.
1016A. Wireless Intrusion Prevention System
1017B. Wireless Access Point
1018C. Wireless Access Control List
1019D. Wireless Analyzer
1020Answer: A
1021Explanation
1022A wireless intrusion prevention system (WIPS) is a network device that monitors the radio spectrum
1023for the presence of unauthorized access points (intrusion detection), and can automatically take
1024countermeasures (intrusion prevention).
1025References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_intrusion_prevention_system
1026NO.107 An attacker with access to the inside network of a small company launches a successful STP
1027manipulation attack. What will he do next?
1028A. He will create a SPAN entry on the spoofed root bridge and redirect traffic to his computer.
1029B. He will activate OSPF on the spoofed root bridge.
1030C. He will repeat the same attack against all L2 switches of the network.
1031D. He will repeat this action so that it escalates to a DoS attack.
1032Answer: A
1033NO.108 Diffie-Hellman (DH) groups determine the strength of the key used in the key exchange
1034process. Which of the following is the correct bit size of the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group 5?
1035A. 768 bit key
1036B. 1025 bit key
1037C. 1536 bit key
1038D. 2048 bit key
1039Answer: C
1040NO.109 Which among the following is a Windows command that a hacker can use to list all the
1041shares to which the current user context has access?
1042A. NET FILE
1043B. NET USE
1044C. NET CONFIG
104528IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1046D. NET VIEW
1047Answer: B
1048NO.110 If executives are found liable for not properly protecting their company's assets and
1049information systems, what type of law would apply in this situation?
1050A. Civil
1051B. International
1052C. Criminal
1053D. Common
1054Answer: A
1055NO.111 What is the following command used for?
1056net use \targetipc$ "" /u:""
1057A. Grabbing the etc/passwd file
1058B. Grabbing the SAM
1059C. Connecting to a Linux computer through Samba.
1060D. This command is used to connect as a null session
1061E. Enumeration of Cisco routers
1062Answer: D
1063NO.112 What hacking attack is challenge/response authentication used to prevent?
1064A. Replay attacks
1065B. Scanning attacks
1066C. Session hijacking attacks
1067D. Password cracking attacks
1068Answer: A
1069NO.113 Which of the following Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) produces a 160-bit digest from a
1070message with a maximum length of (264-1) bits and resembles the MD5 algorithm?
1071A. SHA-2
1072B. SHA-3
1073C. SHA-1
1074D. SHA-0
1075Answer: C
1076NO.114 In order to show improvement of security over time, what must be developed?
1077A. Reports
1078B. Testing tools
1079C. Metrics
1080D. Taxonomy of vulnerabilities
1081Answer: C
1082Explanation
1083Today, management demands metrics to get a clearer view of security.
108429IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1085Metrics that measure participation, effectiveness, and window of exposure, however, offer
1086information the organization can use to make plans and improve programs.
1087References:
1088http://www.infoworld.com/article/2974642/security/4-security-metrics-that-matter.html
1089NO.115 Due to a slowdown of normal network operations, IT department decided to monitor
1090internet traffic for all of the employees. From a legal stand point, what would be troublesome to take
1091this kind of measure?
1092A. All of the employees would stop normal work activities
1093B. IT department would be telling employees who the boss is
1094C. Not informing the employees that they are going to be monitored could be an invasion of privacy.
1095D. The network could still experience traffic slow down.
1096Answer: C
1097NO.116 These hackers have limited or no training and know how to use only basic techniques or
1098tools.
1099What kind of hackers are we talking about?
1100A. Black-Hat Hackers A
1101B. Script Kiddies
1102C. White-Hat Hackers
1103D. Gray-Hat Hacker
1104Answer: C
1105NO.117 You are monitoring the network of your organizations. You notice that:
1106Which of the following solution will you suggest?
1107A. Block the Blacklist IP's @ Firewall
1108B. Update the Latest Signatures on your IDS/IPS
1109C. Clean the Malware which are trying to Communicate with the External Blacklist IP's
1110D. Both B and C
1111Answer: D
1112NO.118 What tool and process are you going to use in order to remain undetected by an IDS while
1113pivoting and passing traffic over a server you've compromised and gained root access to?
1114A. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.
1115B. Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed via a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion
1116Detection Systems.
1117C. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.
1118Answer: B
1119NO.119 When discussing passwords, what is considered a brute force attack?
1120A. You attempt every single possibility until you exhaust all possible combinations or discover the
1121password
1122B. You threaten to use the rubber hose on someone unless they reveal their password
1123C. You load a dictionary of words into your cracking program
112430IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1125D. You create hashes of a large number of words and compare it with the encrypted passwords
1126E. You wait until the password expires
1127Answer: A
1128NO.120 Which of the following is one of the most effective ways to prevent Cross-site Scripting (XSS)
1129flaws in software applications?
1130A. Validate and escape all information sent to a server
1131B. Use security policies and procedures to define and implement proper security settings
1132C. Verify access right before allowing access to protected information and UI controls
1133D. Use digital certificates to authenticate a server prior to sending data
1134Answer: A
1135Explanation
1136Contextual output encoding/escaping could be used as the primary defense mechanism to stop
1137Cross-site Scripting (XSS) attacks.
1138References:
1139https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-
1140site_scripting#Contextual_output_encoding.2Fescaping_of_string_input
1141NO.121 Emil uses nmap to scan two hosts using this command.
1142nmap -sS -T4 -O 192.168.99.1 192.168.99.7
1143He receives this output:
1144What is his conclusion?
1145A. Host 192.168.99.7 is an iPad.
1146B. He performed a SYN scan and OS scan on hosts 192.168.99.1 and 192.168.99.7.
1147C. Host 192.168.99.1 is the host that he launched the scan from.
1148D. Host 192.168.99.7 is down.
1149Answer: B
115031IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1151NO.122 What is GINA?
1152A. Gateway Interface Network Application
1153B. GUI Installed Network Application CLASS
1154C. Global Internet National Authority (G-USA)
1155D. Graphical Identification and Authentication DLL
1156Answer: D
1157NO.123 After gaining access to the password hashes used to protect access to a web based
1158application, knowledge of which cryptographic algorithms would be useful to gain access to the
1159application?
1160A. SHA1
1161B. Diffie-Helman
1162C. RSA
1163D. AES
1164Answer: A
1165NO.124 A network admin contacts you. He is concerned that ARP spoofing or poisoning might occur
1166on his network.
1167What are some things he can do to prevent it? Select the best answers.
1168A. Use port security on his switches.
1169B. Use a tool like ARPwatch to monitor for strange ARP activity.
1170C. Use a firewall between all LAN segments.
1171D. If you have a small network, use static ARP entries.
1172E. Use only static IP addresses on all PC's.
1173Answer: A B D
1174NO.125 A hacker has successfully infected an internet-facing server which he will then use to send
1175junk mail, take part in coordinated attacks, or host junk email content.
1176Which sort of trojan infects this server?
1177A. Botnet Trojan
1178B. Turtle Trojans
1179C. Banking Trojans
1180D. Ransomware Trojans
1181Answer: A
1182Explanation
1183In computer science, a zombie is a computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised
1184by a hacker, computer virus or trojan horse and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or
1185another under remote direction. Botnets of zombie computers are often used to spread e-mail spam
1186and launch denial-of-service attacks. Most owners of zombie computers are unaware that their
1187system is being used in this way. Because the owner tends to be unaware, these computers are
1188metaphorically compared to zombies. A coordinated DDoS attack by multiple botnet machines also
1189resembles a zombie horde attack.
119032IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1191NO.126 You have initiated an active operating system fingerprinting attempt with nmap against a
1192target system:
1193What operating system is the target host running based on the open ports shown above?
1194A. Windows XP
1195B. Windows 98 SE
1196C. Windows NT4 Server
1197D. Windows 2000 Server
1198Answer: D
1199NO.127 In which phase of the ethical hacking process can Google hacking be employed? This is a
1200technique that involves manipulating a search string with specific operators to search for
1201vulnerabilities.
1202Example:
1203allintitle: root passwd
1204A. Maintaining Access
1205B. Gaining Access
1206C. Reconnaissance
1207D. Scanning and Enumeration
1208Answer: C
1209NO.128 A company's security policy states that all Web browsers must automatically delete their
1210HTTP browser cookies upon terminating. What sort of security breach is this policy attempting to
121133IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1212mitigate?
1213A. Attempts by attackers to access Web sites that trust the Web browser user by stealing the user's
1214authentication credentials.
1215B. Attempts by attackers to access the user and password information stored in the company's SQL
1216database.
1217C. Attempts by attackers to access passwords stored on the user's computer without the user's
1218knowledge.
1219D. Attempts by attackers to determine the user's Web browser usage patterns, including when sites
1220were visited and for how long.
1221Answer: A
1222Explanation
1223Cookies can store passwords and form content a user has previously entered, such as a credit card
1224number or an address.
1225Cookies can be stolen using a technique called cross-site scripting. This occurs when an attacker takes
1226advantage of a website that allows its users to post unfiltered HTML and JavaScript content.
1227References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie#Cross-site_scripting_.E2.80.93_cookie_theft
1228NO.129 Which of the following are well known password-cracking programs?
1229A. L0phtcrack
1230B. NetCat
1231C. Jack the Ripper
1232D. Netbus
1233E. John the Ripper
1234Answer: A E
1235NO.130 One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record. What is the
1236version?
1237Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.) (Choose
1238four.)
1239A. 200303028
1240B. 3600
1241C. 604800
1242D. 2400
1243E. 60
1244F. 4800
1245Answer: A
1246NO.131 LM hash is a compromised password hashing function. Which of the following parameters
1247describe LM Hash:?
1248I - The maximum password length is 14 characters.
1249II - There are no distinctions between uppercase and lowercase.
1250III - It's a simple algorithm, so 10,000,000 hashes can be generated per second.
1251A. I
1252B. I, II, and III
125334IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1254C. II
1255D. I and II
1256Answer: B
1257NO.132 Which Nmap option would you use if you were not concerned about being detected and
1258wanted to perform a very fast scan?
1259A. -T0
1260B. -T5
1261C. -O
1262D. -A
1263Answer: B
1264NO.133 Which of the following program infects the system boot sector and the executable files at
1265the same time?
1266A. Stealth virus
1267B. Polymorphic virus
1268C. Macro virus
1269D. Multipartite Virus
1270Answer: D
1271NO.134 If you are to determine the attack surface of an organization, which of the following is the
1272BEST thing to do?
1273A. Running a network scan to detect network services in the corporate DMZ
1274B. Reviewing the need for a security clearance for each employee
1275C. Using configuration management to determine when and where to apply security patches
1276D. Training employees on the security policy regarding social engineering
1277Answer: A
1278NO.135 Which is the first step followed by Vulnerability Scanners for scanning a network?
1279A. TCP/UDP Port scanning
1280B. Firewall detection
1281C. OS Detection
1282D. Checking if the remote host is alive
1283Answer: D
1284NO.136 While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test
1285script into the search area on the company's web site:
1286< script>alert(" Testing Testing Testing ")</script>
1287Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the
1288text:
1289"Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?
1290A. Buffer overflow
1291B. Cross-site request forgery
129235IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1293C. Distributed denial of service
1294D. Cross-site scripting
1295Answer: D
1296NO.137 Which system consists of a publicly available set of databases that contain domain name
1297registration contact information?
1298A. WHOIS
1299B. IANA
1300C. CAPTCHA
1301D. IETF
1302Answer: A
1303NO.138 A pen tester is configuring a Windows laptop for a test. In setting up Wireshark, what river
1304and library are required to allow the NIC to work in promiscuous mode?
1305A. Libpcap
1306B. Awinpcap
1307C. Winprom
1308D. Winpcap
1309Answer: D
1310NO.139 You perform a scan of your company's network and discover that TCP port 123 is open.
1311What services by default run on TCP port 123?
1312A. Telnet
1313B. POP3
1314C. Network Time Protocol
1315D. DNS
1316Answer: C
1317NO.140
1318What does the option * indicate?
131936IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1320A. s
1321B. t
1322C. n
1323D. a
1324Answer: C
1325NO.141 Which of the following is a command line packet analyzer similar to GUI-based Wireshark?
1326A. tcpdump
1327B. nessus
1328C. etherea
1329D. Jack the ripper
1330Answer: A
1331Explanation
1332tcpdump is a common packet analyzer that runs under the command line. It allows the user to
1333display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the
1334computer is attached.
1335References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcpdump
1336NO.142 Bob, a network administrator at BigUniversity, realized that some students are connecting
1337their notebooks in the wired network to have Internet access. In the university campus, there are
1338many Ethernet ports available for professors and authorized visitors but not for students.
1339He identified this when the IDS alerted for malware activities in the network.
1340What should Bob do to avoid this problem?
1341A. Disable unused ports in the switches
1342B. Separate students in a different VLAN
1343C. Use the 802.1x protocol
1344D. Ask students to use the wireless network
1345Answer: C
1346NO.143 While performing ping scans into a target network you get a frantic call from the
1347organization's security team.
1348They report that they are under a denial of service attack. When you stop your scan, the smurf attack
1349event stops showing up on the organization's IDS monitor.
1350How can you modify your scan to prevent triggering this event in the IDS?
1351A. Scan more slowly.
1352B. Do not scan the broadcast IP.
1353C. Spoof the source IP address.
1354D. Only scan the Windows systems.
1355Answer: B
1356NO.144 While doing a technical assessment to determine network vulnerabilities, you used the TCP
1357XMAS scan. What would be the response of all open ports?
1358A. The port will send an ACK
1359B. The port will send a SYN
136037IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1361C. The port will ignore the packets
1362D. The port will send an RST
1363Answer: C
1364Explanation
1365References:
1366NO.145 Which of the following techniques will identify if computer files have been changed?
1367A. Network sniffing
1368B. Permission sets
1369C. Integrity checking hashes
1370D. Firewall alerts
1371Answer: C
1372NO.146 Which tool would be used to collect wireless packet data?
1373A. NetStumbler
1374B. John the Ripper
1375C. Nessus
1376D. Netcat
1377Answer: A
1378NO.147 You are a security officer of a company. You had an alert from IDS that indicates that one PC
1379on your Intranet is connected to a blacklisted IP address (C2 Server) on the Internet. The IP address
1380was blacklisted just before the alert. You are staring an investigation to roughly analyze the severity
1381of the situation. Which of the following is appropriate to analyze?
1382A. Event logs on the PC
1383B. Internet Firewall/Proxy log
1384C. IDS log
1385D. Event logs on domain controller
1386Answer: B
1387NO.148 The network administrator for a company is setting up a website with e-commerce
1388capabilities. Packet sniffing is a concern because credit card information will be sent electronically
1389over the Internet. Customers visiting the site will need to encrypt the data with HTTPS. Which type of
1390certificate is used to encrypt and decrypt the data?
1391A. Asymmetric
1392B. Confidential
1393C. Symmetric
1394D. Non-confidential
1395Answer: A
1396NO.149 Log monitoring tools performing behavioral analysis have alerted several suspicious logins
1397on a Linux server occurring during non-business hours. After further examination of all login
1398activities, it is noticed that none of the logins have occurred during typical work hours. A Linux
1399administrator who is investigating this problem realizes the system time on the Linux server is wrong
140038IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1401by more than twelve hours. What protocol used on Linux servers to synchronize the time has stopped
1402working?
1403A. Time Keeper
1404B. NTP
1405C. PPP
1406D. OSPP
1407Answer: B
1408NO.150 Which command line switch would be used in NMAP to perform operating system
1409detection?
1410A. -OS
1411B. -sO
1412C. -sP
1413D. -O
1414Answer: D
1415NO.151 Which Intrusion Detection System is best applicable for large environments where critical
1416assets on the network need extra security and is ideal for observing sensitive network segments?
1417A. Network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS)
1418B. Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS)
1419C. Firewalls
1420D. Honeypots
1421Answer: A
1422NO.152 Which tool can be used to silently copy files from USB devices?
1423A. USB Grabber
1424B. USB Dumper
1425C. USB Sniffer
1426D. USB Snoopy
1427Answer: B
1428NO.153 The following is part of a log file taken from the machine on the network with the IP address
1429of
1430192.168.1.106:
143139IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1432What type of activity has been logged?
1433A. Port scan targeting 192.168.1.103
1434B. Teardrop attack targeting 192.168.1.106
1435C. Denial of service attack targeting 192.168.1.103
1436D. Port scan targeting 192.168.1.106
1437Answer: D
1438NO.154 How does a denial-of-service attack work?
1439A. A hacker prevents a legitimate user (or group of users) from accessing a service
1440B. A hacker uses every character, word, or letter he or she can think of to defeat authentication
1441C. A hacker tries to decipher a password by using a system, which subsequently crashes the network
1442D. A hacker attempts to imitate a legitimate user by confusing a computer or even another person
1443Answer: A
1444NO.155 Which type of security document is written with specific step-by-step details?
1445A. Process
1446B. Procedure
1447C. Policy
1448D. Paradigm
1449Answer: B
1450NO.156 On performing a risk assessment, you need to determine the potential impacts when some
1451of the critical business process of the company interrupt its service. What is the name of the process
1452by which you can determine those critical business?
1453A. Risk Mitigation
1454B. Emergency Plan Response (EPR)
1455C. Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP)
1456D. Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
1457Answer: D
145840IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1459NO.157 Why would an attacker want to perform a scan on port 137?
1460A. To discover proxy servers on a network
1461B. To disrupt the NetBIOS SMB service on the target host
1462C. To check for file and print sharing on Windows systems
1463D. To discover information about a target host using NBTSTAT
1464Answer: D
1465NO.158 Which of the following is an example of two factor authentication?
1466A. PIN Number and Birth Date
1467B. Username and Password
1468C. Digital Certificate and Hardware Token
1469D. Fingerprint and Smartcard ID
1470Answer: D
1471NO.159 Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing?
1472A. Using encryption protocols to secure network communications
1473B. Register all machines MAC Address in a Centralized Database
1474C. Restrict Physical Access to Server Rooms hosting Critical Servers
1475D. Use Static IP Address
1476Answer: A
1477Explanation
1478A way to protect your network traffic from being sniffed is to use encryption such as Secure Sockets
1479Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). Encryption doesn't prevent packet sniffers from seeing
1480source and destination information, but it does encrypt the data packet's payload so that all the
1481sniffer sees is encrypted gibberish.
1482References:
1483http://netsecurity.about.com/od/informationresources/a/What-Is-A-Packet-Sniffer.htm
1484NO.160 Bob finished a C programming course and created a small C application to monitor the
1485network traffic and produce alerts when any origin sends "many" IP packets, based on the average
1486number of packets sent by all origins and using some thresholds.
1487In concept, the solution developed by Bob is actually:
1488A. Just a network monitoring tool
1489B. A signature-based IDS
1490C. A hybrid IDS
1491D. A behavior-based IDS
1492Answer: A
1493NO.161 An NMAP scan of a server shows port 25 is open. What risk could this pose?
1494A. Open printer sharing
1495B. Web portal data leak
1496C. Clear text authentication
1497D. Active mail relay
149841IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1499Answer: D
1500NO.162 Which of the following problems can be solved by using Wireshark?
1501A. Tracking version changes of source code
1502B. Checking creation dates on all webpages on a server
1503C. Resetting the administrator password on multiple systems
1504D. Troubleshooting communication resets between two systems
1505Answer: D
1506NO.163 What kind of risk will remain even if all theoretically possible safety measures would be
1507applied?
1508A. Residual risk
1509B. Inherent risk
1510C. Impact risk
1511D. Deferred risk
1512Answer: A
1513NO.164 Peter extracts the SIDs list from Windows 2000 Server machine using the hacking tool
1514"SIDExtractor". Here is the output of the SIDs:
1515From the above list identify the user account with System Administrator privileges.
1516A. John
1517B. Rebecca
1518C. Sheela
1519D. Shawn
1520E. Somia
1521F. Chang
1522G. Micah
1523Answer: F
1524NO.165 When a normal TCP connection starts, a destination host receives a SYN (synchronize/start)
1525packet from a source host and sends back a SYN/ACK (synchronize acknowledge). The destination
1526host must then hear an ACK (acknowledge) of the SYN/ACK before the connection is established. This
1527is referred to as the "TCP three-way handshake." While waiting for the ACK to the SYN ACK, a
1528connection queue of finite size on the destination host keeps track of connections waiting to be
1529completed. This queue typically empties quickly since the ACK is expected to arrive a few milliseconds
1530after the SYN ACK.
1531How would an attacker exploit this design by launching TCP SYN attack?
153242IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1533A. Attacker generates TCP SYN packets with random destination addresses towards a victim host
1534B. Attacker floods TCP SYN packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
1535C. Attacker generates TCP ACK packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
1536D. Attacker generates TCP RST packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
1537Answer: B
1538NO.166 An NMAP scan of a server shows port 69 is open. What risk could this pose?
1539A. Unauthenticated access
1540B. Weak SSL version
1541C. Cleartext login
1542D. Web portal data leak
1543Answer: A
1544NO.167 Which of the following is the least-likely physical characteristic to be used in biometric
1545control that supports a large company?
1546A. Height and Weight
1547B. Voice
1548C. Fingerprints
1549D. Iris patterns
1550Answer: A
1551Explanation
1552There are two main types of biometric identifiers:
1553Examples of physiological characteristics used for biometric authentication include fingerprints; DNA;
1554face, hand, retina or ear features; and odor. Behavioral characteristics are related to the pattern of
1555the behavior of a person, such as typing rhythm, gait, gestures and voice.
1556References:
1557http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/biometrics
1558NO.168 Which component of IPsec performs protocol-level functions that are required to encrypt
1559and decrypt the packets?
1560A. Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
1561B. Oakley
1562C. IPsec Policy Agent
1563D. IPsec driver
1564Answer: A
1565NO.169 Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment
1566on the network.
1567What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
1568A. Use a scan tool like Nessus
1569B. Use the built-in Windows Update tool
1570C. Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings
1571D. Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation
157243IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1573Answer: A
1574Explanation
1575Nessus is an open-source network vulnerability scanner that uses the Common Vulnerabilities and
1576Exposures architecture for easy cross-linking between compliant security tools.
1577The Nessus server is currently available for Unix, Linux and FreeBSD. The client is available for Unix- or
1578Windows-based operating systems.
1579Note: Significant capabilities of Nessus include:
1580References:
1581http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Nessus
1582NO.170 Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within
1583the same LAN?
1584A. ESP transport mode
1585B. AH permiscuous
1586C. ESP confidential
1587D. AH Tunnel mode
1588Answer: A
1589Explanation
1590When transport mode is used, IPSec encrypts only the IP payload. Transport mode provides the
1591protection of an IP payload through an AH or ESP header. Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
1592provides confidentiality (in addition to authentication, integrity, and anti-replay protection) for the IP
1593payload.
1594NO.171 Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including
1595dangerous files and CGIs?
1596A. Nikto
1597B. Snort
1598C. John the Ripper
1599D. Dsniff
1600Answer: A
1601Explanation
1602Nikto is an Open Source (GPL) web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web
1603servers for multiple items, including over 6700 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, checks for outdated
1604versions of over
16051250 servers, and version specific problems on over 270 servers. It also checks for server
1606configuration items such as the presence of multiple index files, HTTP server options, and will
1607attempt to identify installed web servers and software. Scan items and plugins are frequently
1608updated and can be automatically updated.
1609References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikto_Web_Scanner
1610NO.172 In the context of password security, a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary
1611file (a text file full of dictionary words) into a cracking application such as L0phtCrack or John the
1612Ripper, and running it against user accounts located by the application. The larger the word and word
1613fragment selection, the more effective the dictionary attack is. The brute force method is the most
1614inclusive, although slow. It usually tries every possible letter and number combination in its
161544IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1616automated exploration. If you would use both brute force and dictionary methods combined
1617together to have variation of words, what would you call such an attack?
1618A. Full Blown
1619B. Thorough
1620C. Hybrid
1621D. BruteDics
1622Answer: C
1623NO.173 A company is using Windows Server 2003 for its Active Directory (AD). What is the most
1624efficient way to crack the passwords for the AD users?
1625A. Perform a dictionary attack.
1626B. Perform a brute force attack.
1627C. Perform an attack with a rainbow table.
1628D. Perform a hybrid attack.
1629Answer: C
1630NO.174 Initiating an attack against targeted businesses and organizations, threat actors compromise
1631a carefully selected website by inserting an exploit resulting in malware infection. The attackers run
1632exploits on well-known and trusted sites likely to be visited by their targeted victims. Aside from
1633carefully choosing sites to compromise, these attacks are known to incorporate zero-day exploits that
1634target unpatched vulnerabilities. Thus, the targeted entities are left with little or no defense against
1635these exploits.
1636What type of attack is outlined in the scenario?
1637A. Watering Hole Attack
1638B. Heartbleed Attack
1639C. Shellshock Attack
1640D. Spear Phising Attack
1641Answer: A
1642Explanation
1643Watering Hole is a computer attack strategy, in which the victim is a particular group (organization,
1644industry, or region). In this attack, the attacker guesses or observes which websites the group often
1645uses and infects one or more of them with malware. Eventually, some member of the targeted group
1646gets infected.
1647NO.175 Nedved is an IT Security Manager of a bank in his country. One day. he found out that there
1648is a security breach to his company's email server based on analysis of a suspicious connection from
1649the email server to an unknown IP Address.
1650What is the first thing that Nedved needs to do before contacting the incident response team?
1651A. Leave it as it Is and contact the incident response te3m right away
1652B. Block the connection to the suspicious IP Address from the firewall
1653C. Disconnect the email server from the network
1654D. Migrate the connection to the backup email server
1655Answer: C
165645IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1657NO.176 A tester has been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on a
1658Windows NT4 web server. While it is effective, the tester finds it tedious to perform extended
1659functions. On further research, the tester come across a perl script that runs the following msadc
1660functions:
1661Which exploit is indicated by this script?
1662A. A buffer overflow exploit
1663B. A chained exploit
1664C. A SQL injection exploit
1665D. A denial of service exploit
1666Answer: B
1667NO.177 From the two screenshots below, which of the following is occurring?
1668A. 10.0.0.253 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan
166946IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1670against
167110.0.0.2.
1672B. 10.0.0.253 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
167310.0.0.2.
1674C. 10.0.0.2 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
167510.0.0.2.
1676D. 10.0.0.252 is performing an IP scan against 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.252 is performing a port scan against
167710.0.0.2.
1678Answer: A
1679NO.178 What tool can crack Windows SMB passwords simply by listening to network traffic?
1680A. This is not possible
1681B. Netbus
1682C. NTFSDOS
1683D. L0phtcrack
1684Answer: D
1685NO.179 What is the difference between the AES and RSA algorithms?
1686A. Both are asymmetric algorithms, but RSA uses 1024-bit keys.
1687B. RSA is asymmetric, which is used to create a public/private key pair; AES is symmetric, which is
1688used to encrypt data.
1689C. Both are symmetric algorithms, but AES uses 256-bit keys.
1690D. AES is asymmetric, which is used to create a public/private key pair; RSA is symmetric, which is
1691used to encrypt data.
1692Answer: B
1693NO.180 What port number is used by LDAP protocol?
1694A. 110
1695B. 389
1696C. 464
1697D. 445
1698Answer: B
1699NO.181 Which of the following types of jailbreaking allows user-level access but does not allow
1700iboot-level access?
1701A. Bootrom Exploit
1702B. iBoot Exploit
1703C. Sandbox Exploit
1704D. Userland Exploit
1705Answer: D
1706NO.182 Jack was attempting to fingerprint all machines in the network using the following Nmap
1707syntax:
1708invictus@victim_server:~$ nmap -T4 -0 10.10.0.0/24
170947IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1710TCP/IP fingerprinting (for OS scan) xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. QUITTING!
1711Obviously, it is not going through. What is the issue here?
1712A. OS Scan requires root privileges
1713B. The nmap syntax is wrong.
1714C. The outgoing TCP/IP fingerprinting is blocked by the host firewall
1715D. This is a common behavior for a corrupted nmap application
1716Answer: A
1717NO.183 What did the following commands determine?
1718A. That the Joe account has a SID of 500
1719B. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has NOT been disabled
1720C. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has been disabled
1721D. That the true administrator is Joe
1722E. Issued alone, these commands prove nothing
1723Answer: D
1724NO.184 Todd has been asked by the security officer to purchase a counter-based authentication
1725system. Which of the following best describes this type of system?
1726A. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on behavioral attributes.
1727B. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on physical attributes.
1728C. An authentication system that creates one-time passwords that are encrypted with secret keys.
1729D. An authentication system that uses passphrases that are converted into virtual passwords.
1730Answer: C
1731NO.185 WPA2 uses AES for wireless data encryption at which of the following encryption levels?
1732A. 64 bit and CCMP
1733B. 128 bit and CRC
1734C. 128 bit and CCMP
1735D. 128 bit and TKIP
1736Answer: C
1737NO.186 While examining audit logs, you discover that people are able to telnet into the SMTP server
1738on port 25. You would like to block this, though you do not see any evidence of an attack or other
1739wrong doing. However, you are concerned about affecting the normal functionality of the email
1740server. From the following options choose how best you can achieve this objective?
1741A. Block port 25 at the firewall.
1742B. Shut off the SMTP service on the server.
1743C. Force all connections to use a username and password.
1744D. Switch from Windows Exchange to UNIX Sendmail.
174548IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1746E. None of the above.
1747Answer: E
1748NO.187 You are programming a buffer overflow exploit and you want to create a NOP sled of 200
1749bytes in the program exploit.c
1750What is the hexadecimal value of NOP instruction?
1751A. 0x60
1752B. 0x80
1753C. 0x70
1754D. 0x90
1755Answer: D
1756NO.188 A virus that attempts to install itself inside the file it is infecting is called?
1757A. Tunneling virus
1758B. Cavity virus
1759C. Polymorphic virus
1760D. Stealth virus
1761Answer: B
1762NO.189 Which NMAP command combination would let a tester scan every TCP port from a class C
1763network that is blocking ICMP with fingerprinting and service detection?
1764A. NMAP -PN -A -O -sS 192.168.2.0/24
1765B. NMAP -P0 -A -O -p1-65535 192.168.0/24
1766C. NMAP -P0 -A -sT -p0-65535 192.168.0/16
1767D. NMAP -PN -O -sS -p 1-1024 192.168.0/8
1768Answer: B
1769NO.190 Port scanning can be used as part of a technical assessment to determine network
1770vulnerabilities. The TCP XMAS scan is used to identify listening ports on the targeted system.
1771If a scanned port is open, what happens?
1772A. The port will ignore the packets.
1773B. The port will send an RST.
1774C. The port will send an ACK.
1775D. The port will send a SYN.
1776Answer: A
1777Explanation
1778An attacker uses a TCP XMAS scan to determine if ports are closed on the target machine. This scan
177949IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1780type is accomplished by sending TCP segments with the all flags sent in the packet header, generating
1781packets that are illegal based on RFC 793. The RFC 793 expected behavior is that any TCP segment
1782with an out-of-state Flag sent to an open port is discarded, whereas segments with out-of-state flags
1783sent to closed ports should be handled with a RST in response. This behavior should allow an attacker
1784to scan for closed ports by sending certain types of rule-breaking packets (out of sync or disallowed
1785by the TCB) and detect closed ports via RST packets.
1786References: https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/303.html
1787NO.191 Which type of security feature stops vehicles from crashing through the doors of a building?
1788A. Turnstile
1789B. Bollards
1790C. Mantrap
1791D. Receptionist
1792Answer: B
1793NO.192 Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products?
1794A. Polymorphic virus
1795B. Multipart virus
1796C. Macro virus
1797D. Stealth virus
1798Answer: C
1799Explanation
1800A macro virus is a virus that is written in a macro language: a programming language which is
1801embedded inside a software application (e.g., word processors and spreadsheet applications). Some
1802applications, such as Microsoft Office, allow macro programs to be embedded in documents such
1803that the macros are run automatically when the document is opened, and this provides a distinct
1804mechanism by which malicious computer instructions can spread.
1805References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus
1806NO.193 An engineer is learning to write exploits in C++ and is using the exploit tool Backtrack. The
1807engineer wants to compile the newest C++ exploit and name it calc.exe. Which command would the
1808engineer use to accomplish this?
1809A. g++ hackersExploit.cpp -o calc.exe
1810B. g++ hackersExploit.py -o calc.exe
1811C. g++ -i hackersExploit.pl -o calc.exe
1812D. g++ --compile -i hackersExploit.cpp -o calc.exe
1813Answer: A
1814NO.194 An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly
1815malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network's external DMZ. The packet traffic
1816was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file.
1817What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or
1818simply a false positive?
1819A. Protocol analyzer
182050IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1821B. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
1822C. Network sniffer
1823D. Vulnerability scanner
1824Answer: A
1825Explanation
1826A packet analyzer (also known as a network analyzer, protocol analyzer or packet sniffer-or, for
1827particular types of networks, an Ethernet sniffer or wireless sniffer) is a computer program or piece of
1828computer hardware that can intercept and log traffic that passes over a digital network or part of a
1829network. A packet analyzer can analyze packet traffic saved in a PCAP file.
1830References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_analyzer
1831NO.195 A server has been infected by a certain type of Trojan. The hacker intended to utilize it to
1832send and host junk mails. What type of Trojan did the hacker use?
1833A. Turtle Trojans
1834B. Ransomware Trojans
1835C. Botnet Trojan
1836D. Banking Trojans
1837Answer: C
1838NO.196 The security administrator of ABC needs to permit Internet traffic in the host 10.0.0.2 and
1839UDP traffic in the host 10.0.0.3. Also he needs to permit all FTP traffic to the rest of the network and
1840deny all other traffic. After he applied his ACL configuration in the router nobody can access to the
1841ftp and the permitted hosts cannot access to the Internet. According to the next configuration what
1842is happening in the network?
1843A. The ACL 110 needs to be changed to port 80
1844B. The ACL for FTP must be before the ACL 110
1845C. The first ACL is denying all TCP traffic and the other ACLs are being ignored by the router
1846D. The ACL 104 needs to be first because is UDP
1847Answer: C
1848NO.197 What results will the following command yield: 'NMAP -sS -O -p 123-153 192.168.100.3'?
1849A. A stealth scan, opening port 123 and 153
1850B. A stealth scan, checking open ports 123 to 153
1851C. A stealth scan, checking all open ports excluding ports 123 to 153
1852D. A stealth scan, determine operating system, and scanning ports 123 to 153
1853Answer: D
1854NO.198 What does a type 3 code 13 represent? (Choose two.)
1855A. Echo request
1856B. Destination unreachable
185751IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1858C. Network unreachable
1859D. Administratively prohibited
1860E. Port unreachable
1861F. Time exceeded
1862Answer: B D
1863NO.199 Which access control mechanism allows for multiple systems to use a central authentication
1864server (CAS) that permits users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple systems?
1865A. Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
1866B. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
1867C. Windows authentication
1868D. Single sign-on
1869Answer: D
1870NO.200 A hacker is attempting to see which ports have been left open on a network. Which NMAP
1871switch would the hacker use?
1872A. -sO
1873B. -sP
1874C. -sS
1875D. -sU
1876Answer: A
1877NO.201 The following is a sample of output from a penetration tester's machine targeting a machine
1878with the IP address of 192.168.1.106:
1879What is most likely taking place?
1880A. Ping sweep of the 192.168.1.106 network
1881B. Remote service brute force attempt
1882C. Port scan of 192.168.1.106
1883D. Denial of service attack on 192.168.1.106
1884Answer: B
1885NO.202 Company XYZ has asked you to assess the security of their perimeter email gateway. From
1886your office in New York, you craft a specially formatted email message and send it across the Internet
1887to an employee of Company XYZ. The employee of Company XYZ is aware of your test.
1888Your email message looks like this:
1889From: jim_miller@companyxyz.com
1890To: michelle_saunders@companyxyz.com
189152IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1892Subject: Test message
1893Date: 4/3/2017 14:37
1894The employee of Company XYZ receives your email message. This proves that Company XYZ's email
1895gateway doesn't prevent what?
1896A. Email Phishing
1897B. Email Masquerading
1898C. Email Spoofing
1899D. Email Harvesting
1900Answer: C
1901NO.203 Which of the following LM hashes represent a password of less than 8 characters? (Choose
1902two.)
1903A. BA810DBA98995F1817306D272A9441BB
1904B. 44EFCE164AB921CQAAD3B435B51404EE
1905C. 0182BD0BD4444BF836077A718CCDF409
1906D. CEC52EB9C8E3455DC2265B23734E0DAC
1907E. B757BF5C0D87772FAAD3B435B51404EE
1908F. E52CAC67419A9A224A3B108F3FA6CB6D
1909Answer: B E
1910NO.204 A software tester is randomly generating invalid inputs in an attempt to crash the program.
1911Which of the following is a software testing technique used to determine if a software program
1912properly handles a wide range of invalid input?
1913A. Mutating
1914B. Randomizing
1915C. Fuzzing
1916D. Bounding
1917Answer: C
1918NO.205 SOAP services use which technology to format information?
1919A. SATA
1920B. PCI
1921C. XML
1922D. ISDN
1923Answer: C
1924NO.206 Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
192553IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1926A. Password Sniffing
1927B. ARP Poisoning
1928C. Mac Flooding
1929D. DHCP Sniffing
1930Answer: B
1931NO.207 When security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN is of utmost priority, which
1932IPSec mode should you implement?
1933A. AH Tunnel mode
1934B. AH promiscuous
1935C. ESP transport mode
1936D. ESP confidential
1937Answer: C
1938NO.208 You're doing an internal security audit and you want to find out what ports are open on all
1939the servers. What is the best way to find out?
1940A. Scan servers with Nmap
1941B. Physically go to each server
1942C. Scan servers with MBSA
1943D. Telent to every port on each server
1944Answer: A
1945NO.209 Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple,
1946smallsized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack
194754IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1948signatures.
1949Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
1950A. Whisker
1951B. tcpsplice
1952C. Burp
1953D. Hydra
1954Answer: A
1955Explanation
1956One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets, so that the IDS must
1957reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by
1958fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker'
1959evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'.
1960References:
1961https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques#Fragmentation_and
1962_small_packet
1963NO.210 A penetration tester was hired to perform a penetration test for a bank. The tester began
1964searching for IP ranges owned by the bank, performing lookups on the bank's DNS servers, reading
1965news articles online about the bank, watching what times the bank employees come into work and
1966leave from work, searching the bank's job postings (paying special attention to IT related jobs), and
1967visiting the local dumpster for the bank's corporate office. What phase of the penetration test is the
1968tester currently in?
1969A. Information reporting
1970B. Vulnerability assessment
1971C. Active information gathering
1972D. Passive information gathering
1973Answer: D
1974NO.211 Advanced encryption standard is an algorithm used for which of the following?
1975A. Data integrity
1976B. Key discovery
1977C. Bulk data encryption
1978D. Key recovery
1979Answer: C
1980NO.212 Which of the following tools can be used to perform a zone transfer?
1981A. NSLookup
1982B. Finger
1983C. Dig
1984D. Sam Spade
1985E. Host
1986F. Netcat
1987G. Neotrace
198855IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
1989Answer: A C D E
1990NO.213 By using a smart card and pin, you are using a two-factor authentication that satisfies
1991A. Something you know and something you are
1992B. Something you have and something you know
1993C. Something you have and something you are
1994D. Something you are and something you remember
1995Answer: B
1996NO.214 Your business has decided to add credit card numbers to the data it backs up to tape. Which
1997of the following represents the best practice your business should observe?
1998A. Hire a security consultant to provide direction.
1999B. Do not back up cither the credit card numbers or then hashes.
2000C. Back up the hashes of the credit card numbers not the actual credit card numbers.
2001D. Encrypt backup tapes that are sent off-site.
2002Answer: A
2003NO.215 You are performing a penetration test. You achieved access via a buffer overflow exploit and
2004you proceed to find interesting data, such as files with usernames and passwords. You find a hidden
2005folder that has the administrator's bank account password and login information for the
2006administrator's bitcoin account.
2007What should you do?
2008A. Report immediately to the administrator
2009B. Do not report it and continue the penetration test.
2010C. Transfer money from the administrator's account to another account.
2011D. Do not transfer the money but steal the bitcoins.
2012Answer: A
2013NO.216 A company's policy requires employees to perform file transfers using protocols which
2014encrypt traffic. You suspect some employees are still performing file transfers using unencrypted
2015protocols because the employees do not like changes. You have positioned a network sniffer to
2016capture traffic from the laptops used by employees in the data ingest department. Using Wire shark
2017to examine the captured traffic, which command can be used as a display filter to find unencrypted
2018file transfers?
2019A. tcp.port != 21
2020B. tcp.port = 23
2021C. tcp.port ==21
2022D. tcp.port ==21 || tcp.port ==22
2023Answer: D
2024NO.217 Some clients of TPNQM SA were redirected to a malicious site when they tried to access the
2025TPNQM main site. Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, found that they were victims of DNS
2026Cache Poisoning.
2027What should Bob recommend to deal with such a threat?
202856IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2029A. The use of security agents in clients' computers
2030B. The use of DNSSEC
2031C. The use of double-factor authentication
2032D. Client awareness
2033Answer: B
2034NO.218 During a security audit of IT processes, an IS auditor found that there were no documented
2035security procedures. What should the IS auditor do?
2036A. Identify and evaluate existing practices
2037B. Create a procedures document
2038C. Conduct compliance testing
2039D. Terminate the audit
2040Answer: A
2041Explanation
2042The auditor should first evaluated existing policies and practices to identify problem areas and
2043opportunities.
2044NO.219 A company's Web development team has become aware of a certain type of security
2045vulnerability in their Web software. To mitigate the possibility of this vulnerability being exploited,
2046the team wants to modify the software requirements to disallow users from entering HTML as input
2047into their Web application.
2048What kind of Web application vulnerability likely exists in their software?
2049A. Cross-site scripting vulnerability
2050B. Cross-site Request Forgery vulnerability
2051C. SQL injection vulnerability
2052D. Web site defacement vulnerability
2053Answer: A
2054Explanation
2055Many operators of particular web applications (e.g. forums and webmail) allow users to utilize a
2056limited subset of HTML markup. When accepting HTML input from users (say, <b>very</b> large),
2057output encoding (such as &lt;b&gt;very&lt;/b&gt; large) will not suffice since the user input needs to
2058be rendered as HTML by the browser (so it shows as "very large", instead of "<b>very</b> large").
2059Stopping an XSS attack when accepting HTML input from users is much more complex in this
2060situation. Untrusted HTML input must be run through an HTML sanitization engine to ensure that it
2061does not contain cross-site scripting code.
2062References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-
2063site_scripting#Safely_validating_untrusted_HTML_input
2064NO.220 Which of the following defines the role of a root Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key
2065Infrastructure (PKI)?
2066A. The root CA is the recovery agent used to encrypt data when a user's certificate is lost.
2067B. The root CA stores the user's hash value for safekeeping.
2068C. The CA is the trusted root that issues certificates.
2069D. The root CA is used to encrypt email messages to prevent unintended disclosure of data.
207057IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2071Answer: C
2072NO.221 Which service in a PKI will vouch for the identity of an individual or company?
2073A. KDC
2074B. CA
2075C. CR
2076D. CBC
2077Answer: B
2078NO.222 It is a vulnerability in GNU's bash shell, discovered in September of 2014, that gives
2079attackers access to run remote commands on a vulnerable system. The malicious software can take
2080control of an infected machine, launch denial-of-service attacks to disrupt websites, and scan for
2081other vulnerable devices (including routers).
2082Which of the following vulnerabilities is being described?
2083A. Shellshock
2084B. Rootshock
2085C. Rootshell
2086D. Shellbash
2087Answer: A
2088Explanation
2089Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, is a family of security bugs in the widely used Unix Bash shell,
2090the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.
2091References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)
2092NO.223 What is the term coined for logging, recording and resolving events in a company?
2093A. Internal Procedure
2094B. Security Policy
2095C. Incident Management Process
2096D. Metrics
2097Answer: C
2098NO.224 Windows file servers commonly hold sensitive files, databases, passwords and more. Which
2099of the following choices would be a common vulnerability that usually exposes them?
2100A. Cross-site scripting
2101B. SQL injection
2102C. Missing patches
2103D. CRLF injection
2104Answer: C
2105NO.225 Study the following log extract and identify the attack.
210658IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2107A. Hexcode Attack
2108B. Cross Site Scripting
2109C. Multiple Domain Traversal Attack
2110D. Unicode Directory Traversal Attack
2111Answer: D
2112NO.226 Password cracking programs reverse the hashing process to recover passwords.
2113(True/False.)
211459IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2115A. True
2116B. False
2117Answer: B
2118NO.227 What does a firewall check to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets
2119into an organization?
2120A. Transport layer port numbers and application layer headers
2121B. Presentation layer headers and the session layer port numbers
2122C. Network layer headers and the session layer port numbers
2123D. Application layer port numbers and the transport layer headers
2124Answer: A
2125Explanation
2126Newer firewalls can filter traffic based on many packet attributes like source IP address, source port,
2127destination IP address or transport layer port, destination service like WWW or FTP. They can filter
2128based on protocols, TTL values, netblock of originator, of the source, and many other attributes.
2129Application layer firewalls are responsible for filtering at 3, 4, 5, 7 layer. Because they analyze the
2130application layer headers, most firewall control and filtering is performed actually in the software.
2131References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)#Network_layer_or_packet_filters
2132http://howdoesinternetwork.com/2012/application-layer-firewalls
2133NO.228 While reviewing the result of scanning run against a target network you come across the
2134following:
2135Which among the following can be used to get this output?
2136A. A Bo2k system query.
2137B. nmap protocol scan
2138C. A sniffer
2139D. An SNMP walk
2140Answer: D
2141NO.229 _________ is a tool that can hide processes from the process list, can hide files, registry
2142entries, and intercept keystrokes.
214360IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2144A. Trojan
2145B. RootKit
2146C. DoS tool
2147D. Scanner
2148E. Backdoor
2149Answer: B
2150NO.230 Which of the following is a client-server tool utilized to evade firewall inspection?
2151A. tcp-over-dns
2152B. kismet
2153C. nikto
2154D. hping
2155Answer: A
2156NO.231 Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in
2157Microsoft Windows products?
2158A. Microsoft Security Baseline Analyzer
2159B. Retina
2160C. Core Impact
2161D. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer
2162Answer: D
2163NO.232 Which set of access control solutions implements two-factor authentication?
2164A. USB token and PIN
2165B. Fingerprint scanner and retina scanner
2166C. Password and PIN
2167D. Account and password
2168Answer: A
2169NO.233 An attacker is using nmap to do a ping sweep and a port scanning in a subnet of 254
2170addresses.
2171In which order should he perform these steps?
2172A. The sequence does not matter. Both steps have to be performed against all hosts.
2173B. First the port scan to identify interesting services and then the ping sweep to find hosts
2174responding to icmp echo requests.
2175C. First the ping sweep to identify live hosts and then the port scan on the live hosts. This way he
2176saves time.
2177D. The port scan alone is adequate. This way he saves time.
2178Answer: C
2179NO.234 Which type of intrusion detection system can monitor and alert on attacks, but cannot stop
2180them?
2181A. Detective
218261IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2183B. Passive
2184C. Intuitive
2185D. Reactive
2186Answer: B
2187NO.235 In the field of cryptanalysis, what is meant by a "rubber-hose" attack?
2188A. Attempting to decrypt cipher text by making logical assumptions about the contents of the original
2189plain text.
2190B. Extraction of cryptographic secrets through coercion or torture.
2191C. Forcing the targeted key stream through a hardware-accelerated device such as an ASIC.
2192D. A backdoor placed into a cryptographic algorithm by its creator.
2193Answer: B
2194NO.236 An attacker has been successfully modifying the purchase price of items purchased on the
2195company's web site.
2196The security administrators verify the web server and Oracle database have not been compromised
2197directly.
2198They have also verified the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) logs and found no attacks that could
2199have caused this. What is the mostly likely way the attacker has been able to modify the purchase
2200price?
2201A. By using SQL injection
2202B. By changing hidden form values
2203C. By using cross site scripting
2204D. By utilizing a buffer overflow attack
2205Answer: B
2206NO.237 Which of the following is an extremely common IDS evasion technique in the web world?
2207A. unicode characters
2208B. spyware
2209C. port knocking
2210D. subnetting
2211Answer: A
2212Explanation
2213Unicode attacks can be effective against applications that understand it. Unicode is the international
2214standard whose goal is to represent every character needed by every written human language as a
2215single integer number. What is known as Unicode evasion should more correctly be referenced as
2216UTF-8 evasion. Unicode characters are normally represented with two bytes, but this is impractical in
2217real life.
2218One aspect of UTF-8 encoding causes problems: non-Unicode characters can be represented
2219encoded. What is worse is multiple representations of each character can exist. Non-Unicode
2220character encodings are known as overlong characters, and may be signs of attempted attack.
2221References:
2222http://books.gigatux.nl/mirror/apachesecurity/0596007248/apachesc-chp-10-sect-8.html
222362IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2224NO.238 The configuration allows a wired or wireless network interface controller to pass all traffic it
2225receives to the central processing unit (CPU), rather than passing only the frames that the controller
2226is intended to receive.
2227Which of the following is being described?
2228A. promiscuous mode
2229B. port forwarding
2230C. multi-cast mode
2231D. WEM
2232Answer: A
2233Explanation
2234Promiscuous mode refers to the special mode of Ethernet hardware, in particular network interface
2235cards (NICs), that allows a NIC to receive all traffic on the network, even if it is not addressed to this
2236NIC. By default, a NIC ignores all traffic that is not addressed to it, which is done by comparing the
2237destination address of the Ethernet packet with the hardware address (a.k.a. MAC) of the device.
2238While this makes perfect sense for networking, non-promiscuous mode makes it difficult to use
2239network monitoring and analysis software for diagnosing connectivity issues or traffic accounting.
2240References: https://www.tamos.com/htmlhelp/monitoring/
2241NO.239 Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if
2242he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct
2243internet access, and block the access to workstations.
2244Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the
2245case of TPNQM SA.
2246In this context, what can you say?
2247A. Bob can be right since DMZ does not make sense when combined with stateless firewalls
2248B. Bob is partially right. He does not need to separate networks if he can create rules by destination
2249IPs, one by one
2250C. Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and
2251workstations
2252D. Bob is partially right. DMZ does not make sense when a stateless firewall is available
2253Answer: C
2254NO.240 Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always
2255correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"?
2256A. Overloading Port Address Translation
2257B. Dynamic Port Address Translation
2258C. Dynamic Network Address Translation
2259D. Static Network Address Translation
2260Answer: D
2261NO.241 Which of the following is a passive wireless packet analyzer that works on Linux-based
2262systems?
2263A. Burp Suite
2264B. OpenVAS
226563IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2266C. tshark
2267D. Kismet
2268Answer: D
2269NO.242 Which of the following is the greatest threat posed by backups?
2270A. A backup is the source of Malware or illicit information.
2271B. A backup is unavailable during disaster recovery.
2272C. A backup is incomplete because no verification was performed.
2273D. An un-encrypted backup can be misplaced or stolen.
2274Answer: D
2275Explanation
2276If the data written on the backup media is properly encrypted, it will be useless for anyone without
2277the key.
2278References:
2279http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/backup-media-encryption/
2280NO.243 Which Type of scan sends a packets with no flags set?
2281A. Open Scan
2282B. Null Scan
2283C. Xmas Scan
2284D. Half-Open Scan
2285Answer: B
2286NO.244 Ricardo wants to send secret messages to a competitor company. To secure these
2287messages, he uses a technique of hiding a secret message within an ordinary message. The technique
2288provides 'security through obscurity'.
2289What technique is Ricardo using?
2290A. Steganography
2291B. Public-key cryptography
2292C. RSA algorithm
2293D. Encryption
2294Answer: A
2295Explanation
2296Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file,
2297message, image, or video.
2298References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography
2299NO.245 Employees in a company are no longer able to access Internet web sites on their computers.
2300The network administrator is able to successfully ping IP address of web servers on the Internet and
2301is able to open web sites by using an IP address in place of the URL. The administrator runs the
2302nslookup command for www.eccouncil.org and receives an error message stating there is no
2303response from the server. What should the administrator do next?
2304A. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 53 and UDP port 53.
2305B. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 80 and UDP port 443.
230664IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2307C. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 53.
2308D. Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 8080.
2309Answer: A
2310NO.246 Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of a Boot Sector Virus?
2311A. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of
2312the MBR
2313B. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the
2314MBR
2315C. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code
2316D. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the
2317actual program
2318Answer: A
2319NO.247 You are looking for SQL injection vulnerability by sending a special character to web
2320applications. Which of the following is the most useful for quick validation?
2321A. Double quotation
2322B. Backslash
2323C. Semicolon
2324D. Single quotation
2325Answer: D
2326NO.248 Why should the security analyst disable/remove unnecessary ISAPI filters?
2327A. To defend against social engineering attacks
2328B. To defend against webserver attacks
2329C. To defend against jailbreaking
2330D. To defend against wireless attacks
2331Answer: B
2332NO.249 When a security analyst prepares for the formal security assessment - what of the following
2333should be done in order to determine inconsistencies in the secure assets database and verify that
2334system is compliant to the minimum security baseline?
2335A. Data items and vulnerability scanning
2336B. Interviewing employees and network engineers
2337C. Reviewing the firewalls configuration
2338D. Source code review
2339Answer: A
2340NO.250 It is a regulation that has a set of guidelines, which should be adhered to by anyone who
2341handles any electronic medical data. These guidelines stipulate that all medical practices must ensure
2342that all necessary measures are in place while saving, accessing, and sharing any electronic medical
2343data to keep patient data secure.
2344Which of the following regulations best matches the description?
234565IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2346A. HIPAA
2347B. ISO/IEC 27002
2348C. COBIT
2349D. FISMA
2350Answer: A
2351Explanation
2352The HIPAA Privacy Rule regulates the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI) held
2353by
2354"covered entities" (generally, health care clearinghouses, employer sponsored health plans, health
2355insurers, and medical service providers that engage in certain transactions.)[15] By regulation, the
2356Department of Health and Human Services extended the HIPAA privacy rule to independent
2357contractors of covered entities who fit within the definition of "business associates".
2358References:
2359https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act#Privacy_Rule
2360NO.251 Cross-site request forgery involves:
2361A. A request sent by a malicious user from a browser to a server
2362B. Modification of a request by a proxy between client and server
2363C. A browser making a request to a server without the user's knowledge
2364D. A server making a request to another server without the user's knowledge
2365Answer: C
2366NO.252 Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and
2367organizations?
2368A. NIST-800-53
2369B. PCI-DSS
2370C. EU Safe Harbor
2371D. HIPAA
2372Answer: A
2373Explanation
2374NIST Special Publication 800-53, "Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and
2375Organizations," provides a catalog of security controls for all U.S. federal information systems except
2376those related to national security.
2377References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST_Special_Publication_800-53
2378NO.253 An ethical hacker for a large security research firm performs penetration tests, vulnerability
2379tests, and risk assessments. A friend recently started a company and asks the hacker to perform a
2380penetration test and vulnerability assessment of the new company as a favor. What should the
2381hacker's next step be before starting work on this job?
2382A. Start by foot printing the network and mapping out a plan of attack.
2383B. Ask the employer for authorization to perform the work outside the company.
2384C. Begin the reconnaissance phase with passive information gathering and then move into active
2385information gathering.
2386D. Use social engineering techniques on the friend's employees to help identify areas that may be
238766IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2388susceptible to attack.
2389Answer: B
2390NO.254 Chandler works as a pen-tester in an IT-firm in New York. As a part of detecting viruses in
2391the systems, he uses a detection method where the anti-virus executes the malicious codes on a
2392virtual machine to simulate CPU and memory activities.
2393Which type of virus detection method did Chandler use in this context?
2394A. Heuristic Analysis
2395B. Code Emulation
2396C. Integrity checking
2397D. Scanning
2398Answer: B
2399NO.255 Bob, your senior colleague, has sent you a mail regarding a deal with one of the clients. You
2400are requested to accept the offer and you oblige. After 2 days. Bob denies that he had ever sent a
2401mail. What do you want to
2402""know"" to prove yourself that it was Bob who had send a mail?
2403A. Authentication
2404B. Confidentiality
2405C. Integrity
2406D. Non-Repudiation
2407Answer: D
2408NO.256 Which type of scan is used on the eye to measure the layer of blood vessels?
2409A. Facial recognition scan
2410B. Retinal scan
2411C. Iris scan
2412D. Signature kinetics scan
2413Answer: B
2414NO.257 A new wireless client that is 802.11 compliant cannot connect to a wireless network given
2415that the client can see the network and it has compatible hardware and software installed. Upon
2416further tests and investigation, it was found out that the Wireless Access Point (WAP) was not
2417responding to the association requests being sent by the wireless client. What MOST likely is the
2418issue on this scenario?
2419A. The client cannot see the SSID of the wireless network
2420B. The WAP does not recognize the client's MAC address.
2421C. The wireless client is not configured to use DHCP.
2422D. Client is configured for the wrong channel
2423Answer: B
2424NO.258 Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak.
2425Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three.)
2426A. Converts passwords to uppercase.
242767IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2428B. Hashes are sent in clear text over the network.
2429C. Makes use of only 32-bit encryption.
2430D. Effective length is 7 characters.
2431Answer: A B D
2432NO.259 Which element of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) verifies the applicant?
2433A. Certificate authority
2434B. Validation authority
2435C. Registration authority
2436D. Verification authority
2437Answer: C
2438NO.260 Which of the following algorithms can be used to guarantee the integrity of messages being
2439sent, in transit, or stored?
2440A. symmetric algorithms
2441B. asymmetric algorithms
2442C. hashing algorithms
2443D. integrity algorithms
2444Answer: C
2445NO.261 It is a widely used standard for message logging. It permits separation of the software that
2446generates messages, the system that stores them, and the software that reports and analyzes them.
2447This protocol is specifically designed for transporting event messages. Which of the following is being
2448described?
2449A. SNMP
2450B. ICMP
2451C. SYSLOG
2452D. SMS
2453Answer: C
2454NO.262 When tuning security alerts, what is the best approach?
2455A. Tune to avoid False positives and False Negatives
2456B. Rise False positives Rise False Negatives
2457C. Decrease the false positives
2458D. Decrease False negatives
2459Answer: A
2460NO.263 What is one of the advantages of using both symmetric and asymmetric cryptography in
2461SSL/TLS?
2462A. Symmetric algorithms such as AES provide a failsafe when asymmetric methods fail.
2463B. Asymmetric cryptography is computationally expensive in comparison. However, it is well-suited
2464to securely negotiate keys for use with symmetric cryptography.
2465C. Symmetric encryption allows the server to securely transmit the session keys out-of-band.
246668IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2467D. Supporting both types of algorithms allows less-powerful devices such as mobile phones to use
2468symmetric encryption instead.
2469Answer: D
2470NO.264 A newly discovered flaw in a software application would be considered which kind of
2471security vulnerability?
2472A. Input validation flaw
2473B. HTTP header injection vulnerability
2474C. 0-day vulnerability
2475D. Time-to-check to time-to-use flaw
2476Answer: C
2477NO.265 When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP
2478Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical
2479methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the
2480server. You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) using NMAP script
2481engine.
2482What nmap script will help you with this task?
2483A. http-methods
2484B. http enum
2485C. http-headers
2486D. http-git
2487Answer: A
2488Explanation
2489You can check HTTP method vulnerability using NMAP.
2490Example: #nmap -script=http-methods.nse 192.168.0.25
2491References:
2492http://solutionsatexperts.com/http-method-vulnerability-check-using-nmap/
2493NO.266 Which of the following options represents a conceptual characteristic of an anomaly-based
2494IDS over a signature-based IDS?
2495A. Produces less false positives
2496B. Can identify unknown attacks
2497C. Requires vendor updates for a new threat
2498D. Cannot deal with encrypted network traffic
2499Answer: B
2500NO.267 TCP/IP stack fingerprinting is the passive collection of configuration attributes from a
2501remote device during standard layer 4 network communications. Which of the following tools can be
2502used for passive OS fingerprinting?
2503A. nmap
2504B. ping
2505C. tracert
2506D. tcpdump
250769IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2508Answer: D
2509NO.268 Which of the following is considered the best way to protect Personally Identifiable
2510Information (PII) from Web application vulnerabilities?
2511A. Use cryptographic storage to store all PII
2512B. Use encrypted communications protocols to transmit PII
2513C. Use full disk encryption on all hard drives to protect PII
2514D. Use a security token to log into all Web applications that use PII
2515Answer: A
2516Explanation
2517As a matter of good practice any PII should be protected with strong encryption.
2518References: https://cuit.columbia.edu/cuit/it-security-practices/handling-personally-identifying-
2519information
2520NO.269 What network security concept requires multiple layers of security controls to be placed
2521throughout an IT infrastructure, which improves the security posture of an organization to defend
2522against malicious attacks or potential vulnerabilities?
2523What kind of Web application vulnerability likely exists in their software?
2524A. Host-Based Intrusion Detection System
2525B. Security through obscurity
2526C. Defense in depth
2527D. Network-Based Intrusion Detection System
2528Answer: C
2529NO.270 Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
2530A. RSA 1024 bit strength
2531B. AES 1024 bit strength
2532C. RSA 512 bit strength
2533D. AES 512 bit strength
2534Answer: A
2535NO.271 A hacker is an intelligent individual with excellent computer skills and the ability to explore a
2536computer's software and hardware without the owner's permission. Their intention can either be to
2537simply gain knowledge or to illegally make changes. Which of the following class of hacker refers to
2538an individual who works both offensively and defensively at various times?
2539A. Suicide Hacker
2540B. Black Hat
2541C. White Hat
2542D. Gray Hat
2543Answer: D
2544NO.272 Fingerprinting VPN firewalls is possible with which of the following tools?
2545A. Angry IP
2546B. Nikto
254770IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2548C. Ike-scan
2549D. Arp-scan
2550Answer: C
2551NO.273 What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?
2552A. Collision attacks try to find two inputs producing the same hash.
2553B. Collision attacks try to break the hash into two parts, with the same bytes in each part to get the
2554private key.
2555C. Collision attacks try to get the public key.
2556D. Collision attacks try to break the hash into three parts to get the plaintext value.
2557Answer: A
2558Explanation
2559A Collision Attack is an attempt to find two input strings of a hash function that produce the same
2560hash result.
2561References: https://learncryptography.com/hash-functions/hash-collision-attack
2562NO.274 It is a short-range wireless communication technology intended to replace the cables
2563connecting portable of fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. It allows mobile
2564phones, computers and other devices to connect and communicate using a short-range wireless
2565connection.
2566Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
2567A. Bluetooth
2568B. Radio-Frequency Identification
2569C. WLAN
2570D. InfraRed
2571Answer: A
2572Explanation
2573Bluetooth is a standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers,
2574and other electronic devices.
2575References:
2576http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/guides/about-bluetooth
2577NO.275 What is a NULL scan?
2578A. A scan in which all flags are turned off
2579B. A scan in which certain flags are off
2580C. A scan in which all flags are on
2581D. A scan in which the packet size is set to zero
2582E. A scan with an illegal packet size
2583Answer: A
2584NO.276 An attacker runs netcat tool to transfer a secret file between two hosts.
2585He is worried about information being sniffed on the network.
258671IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2587How would the attacker use netcat to encrypt the information before transmitting onto the wire?
2588A. Machine A: netcat -l -p -s password 1234 < testfileMachine B: netcat <machine A IP> 1234
2589B. Machine A: netcat -l -e magickey -p 1234 < testfileMachine B: netcat <machine A IP> 1234
2590C. Machine A: netcat -l -p 1234 < testfile -pw passwordMachine B: netcat <machine A IP> 1234 -pw
2591password
2592D. Use cryptcat instead of netcat
2593Answer: D
2594NO.277 This phase will increase the odds of success in later phases of the penetration test. It is also
2595the very first step in Information Gathering, and it will tell you what the "landscape" looks like.
2596What is the most important phase of ethical hacking in which you need to spend a considerable
2597amount of time?
2598A. footprinting
2599B. network mapping
2600C. gaining access
2601D. escalating privileges
2602Answer: A
2603Explanation
2604Footprinting is a first step that a penetration tester used to evaluate the security of any IT
2605infrastructure, footprinting means to gather the maximum information about the computer system
2606or a network and about the devices that are attached to this network.
2607References:
2608http://www.ehacking.net/2011/02/footprinting-first-step-of-ethical.html
2609NO.278 In IPv6 what is the major difference concerning application layer vulnerabilities compared to
2610IPv4?
2611A. Implementing IPv4 security in a dual-stack network offers protection from IPv6 attacks too.
2612B. Vulnerabilities in the application layer are independent of the network layer. Attacks and
2613mitigation techniques are almost identical.
2614C. Due to the extensive security measures built in IPv6, application layer vulnerabilities need not be
2615addresses.
2616D. Vulnerabilities in the application layer are greatly different from IPv4.
2617Answer: B
2618NO.279 Pentest results indicate that voice over IP traffic is traversing a network. Which of the
2619following tools will decode a packet capture and extract the voice conversations?
2620A. Cain
2621B. John the Ripper
2622C. Nikto
2623D. Hping
2624Answer: A
2625NO.280 Which initial procedure should an ethical hacker perform after being brought into an
2626organization?
262772IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2628A. Begin security testing.
2629B. Turn over deliverables.
2630C. Sign a formal contract with non-disclosure.
2631D. Assess what the organization is trying to protect.
2632Answer: C
2633NO.281 What is the main security service a cryptographic hash provides?
2634A. Integrity and ease of computation
2635B. Message authentication and collision resistance
2636C. Integrity and collision resistance
2637D. Integrity and computational in-feasibility
2638Answer: D
2639NO.282 A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security
2640analyst is assigned to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack
2641method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the
2642corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?
2643A. Paros Proxy
2644B. BBProxy
2645C. BBCrack
2646D. Blooover
2647Answer: B
2648Explanation
2649Blackberry users warned of hacking tool threat.
2650Users have been warned that the security of Blackberry wireless e-mail devices is at risk due to the
2651availability this week of a new hacking tool. Secure Computing Corporation said businesses that have
2652installed Blackberry servers behind their gateway security devices could be vulnerable to a hacking
2653attack from a tool call BBProxy.
2654References:
2655http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240062112/Technology-news-in-brief
2656NO.283 Which of the following is a vulnerability in GNU's bash shell (discovered in September of
26572014) that gives attackers access to run remote commands on a vulnerable system?
2658A. Shellshock
2659B. Rootshell
2660C. Rootshock
2661D. Shellbash
2662Answer: A
2663NO.284 You are working as a Security Analyst in a company XYZ that owns the whole subnet range
2664of 23.0.0.0/8 and
2665192.168.0.0/8.
2666While monitoring the data, you find a high number of outbound connections. You see that IP's owned
2667by XYZ (Internal) and private IP's are communicating to a Single Public IP. Therefore, the Internal IP's
266873IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2669are sending data to the Public IP.
2670After further analysis, you find out that this Public IP is a blacklisted IP, and the internal
2671communicating devices are compromised.
2672What kind of attack does the above scenario depict?
2673A. Botnet Attack
2674B. Spear Phishing Attack
2675C. Advanced Persistent Threats
2676D. Rootkit Attack
2677Answer: A
2678NO.285 What is the least important information when you analyze a public IP address in a security
2679alert?
2680A. ARP
2681B. Whois
2682C. DNS
2683D. Geolocation
2684Answer: A
2685NO.286 How can telnet be used to fingerprint a web server?
2686A. telnet webserverAddress 80HEAD / HTTP/1.0
2687B. telnet webserverAddress 80PUT / HTTP/1.0
2688C. telnet webserverAddress 80HEAD / HTTP/2.0
2689D. telnet webserverAddress 80PUT / HTTP/2.0
2690Answer: A
2691NO.287 If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response
2692that states the destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP.
2693Which other option could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
2694A. Hping
2695B. Traceroute
2696C. TCP ping
2697D. Broadcast ping
2698Answer: A
2699NO.288 Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI
2700Requirement 11?
2701A. Truecrypt
2702B. Sub7
2703C. Nessus
2704D. Clamwin
2705Answer: C
2706NO.289 An attacker is trying to redirect the traffic of a small office. That office is using their own
270774IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2708mail server, DNS server and NTP server because of the importance of their job. The attacker gains
2709access to the DNS server and redirects the direction www.google.com to his own IP address. Now
2710when the employees of the office want to go to Google they are being redirected to the attacker
2711machine. What is the name of this kind of attack?
2712A. ARP Poisoning
2713B. Smurf Attack
2714C. DNS spoofing
2715D. MAC Flooding
2716Answer: C
2717NO.290 After trying multiple exploits, you've gained root access to a Centos 6 server. To ensure you
2718maintain access, what would you do first?
2719A. Create User Account
2720B. Disable Key Services
2721C. Disable IPTables
2722D. Download and Install Netcat
2723Answer: A
2724NO.291 If an e-commerce site was put into a live environment and the programmers failed to
2725remove the secret entry point that was used during the application development, what is this secret
2726entry point known as?
2727A. SDLC process
2728B. Honey pot
2729C. SQL injection
2730D. Trap door
2731Answer: D
2732NO.292 The following is an entry captured by a network IDS. You are assigned the task of analyzing
2733this entry. You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel
2734processor. You figure that the attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack.
2735You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output.
2736As an analyst what would you conclude about the attack?
273775IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2738A. The buffer overflow attack has been neutralized by the IDS
2739B. The attacker is creating a directory on the compromised machine
2740C. The attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack and has succeeded
2741D. The attacker is attempting an exploit that launches a command-line shell
2742Answer: D
2743NO.293 Security and privacy of/on information systems are two entities that requires lawful
2744regulations. Which of the following regulations defines security and privacy controls for Federal
2745information systems and organizations?
2746A. NIST SP 800-53
2747B. PCI-DSS
2748C. EU Safe Harbor
2749D. HIPAA
2750Answer: A
2751NO.294 A circuit level gateway works at which of the following layers of the OSI Model?
2752A. Layer 5 - Application
2753B. Layer 4 - TCP
2754C. Layer 3 - Internet protocol
2755D. Layer 2 - Data link
2756Answer: B
2757NO.295 You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package
2758requires three separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet. What is the recommended
2759architecture in terms of server placement?
276076IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2761A. All three servers need to be placed internally
2762B. A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server
2763on the internal network
2764C. A web server and the database server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal
2765network
2766D. All three servers need to face the Internet so that they can communicate between themselves
2767Answer: B
2768NO.296 What is the purpose of a demilitarized zone on a network?
2769A. To scan all traffic coming through the DMZ to the internal network
2770B. To only provide direct access to the nodes within the DMZ and protect the network behind it
2771C. To provide a place to put the honeypot
2772D. To contain the network devices you wish to protect
2773Answer: B
2774NO.297 Which of the following areas is considered a strength of symmetric key cryptography when
2775compared with asymmetric algorithms?
2776A. Scalability
2777B. Speed
2778C. Key distribution
2779D. Security
2780Answer: B
2781NO.298 A certified ethical hacker (CEH) completed a penetration test of the main headquarters of a
2782company almost two months ago, but has yet to get paid. The customer is suffering from financial
2783problems, and the CEH is worried that the company will go out of business and end up not paying.
2784What actions should the CEH take?
2785A. Threaten to publish the penetration test results if not paid.
2786B. Follow proper legal procedures against the company to request payment.
2787C. Tell other customers of the financial problems with payments from this company.
2788D. Exploit some of the vulnerabilities found on the company webserver to deface it.
2789Answer: B
2790NO.299 Which United States legislation mandates that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the
2791Chief Financial Officer (CFO) must sign statements verifying the completeness and accuracy of
2792financial reports?
2793A. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
2794B. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
2795C. Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA)
2796D. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
2797Answer: A
2798NO.300 Which of the following Nmap commands will produce the following output?
279977IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2800Output:
2801A. nmap -sN -Ps -T4 192.168.1.1
2802B. nmap -sT -sX -Pn -p 1-65535 192.168.1.1
2803C. nmap -sS -Pn 192.168.1.1
2804D. nmap -sS -sU -Pn -p 1-65535 192.168.1.1
2805Answer: D
2806NO.301 Developers at your company are creating a web application which will be available for use
2807by anyone on the Internet, The developers have taken the approach of implementing a Three-Tier
2808Architecture for the web application. The developers are now asking you which network should the
2809Presentation Tier (front- end web server) be placed in?
2810A. isolated vlan network
2811B. Mesh network
2812C. DMZ network
2813D. Internal network
2814Answer: A
2815NO.302 A medium-sized healthcare IT business decides to implement a risk management strategy.
2816Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk?
2817A. Delegate
281878IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2819B. Avoid
2820C. Mitigate
2821D. Accept
2822Answer: A
2823Explanation
2824There are five main ways to manage risk: acceptance, avoidance, transference, mitigation or
2825exploitation.
2826References:
2827http://www.dbpmanagement.com/15/5-ways-to-manage-risk
2828NO.303 Which of the following provides a security professional with most information about the
2829system's security posture?
2830A. Wardriving, warchalking, social engineering
2831B. Social engineering, company site browsing, tailgating
2832C. Phishing, spamming, sending trojans
2833D. Port scanning, banner grabbing, service identification
2834Answer: D
2835NO.304 Which of the following steps for risk assessment methodology refers to vulnerability
2836identification?
2837A. Determines if any flaws exist in systems, policies, or procedures
2838B. Assigns values to risk probabilities; Impact values.
2839C. Determines risk probability that vulnerability will be exploited (High. Medium, Low)
2840D. Identifies sources of harm to an IT system. (Natural, Human. Environmental)
2841Answer: C
2842NO.305 The use of technologies like IPSec can help guarantee the following: authenticity, integrity,
2843confidentiality and
2844A. non-repudiation.
2845B. operability.
2846C. security.
2847D. usability.
2848Answer: A
2849NO.306 A zone file consists of which of the following Resource Records (RRs)?
2850A. DNS, NS, AXFR, and MX records
2851B. DNS, NS, PTR, and MX records
2852C. SOA, NS, AXFR, and MX records
2853D. SOA, NS, A, and MX records
2854Answer: D
2855NO.307 Which of the following is a hardware requirement that either an IDS/IPS system or a proxy
2856server must have in order to properly function?
285779IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
2858A. Fast processor to help with network traffic analysis
2859B. They must be dual-homed
2860C. Similar RAM requirements
2861D. Fast network interface cards
2862Answer: B
2863Explanation
2864Dual-homed or dual-homing can refer to either an Ethernet device that has more than one network
2865interface, for redundancy purposes, or in firewall technology, dual-homed is one of the firewall
2866architectures, such as an IDS/IPS system, for implementing preventive security.
2867References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-homed
2868NO.308 Jimmy is standing outside a secure entrance to a facility. He is pretending to have a tense
2869conversation on his cell phone as an authorized employee badges in. Jimmy, while still on the phone,
2870grabs the door as it begins to close.
2871What just happened?
2872A. Phishing
2873B. Whaling
2874C. Tailgating
2875D. Masquerading
2876Answer: C
2877NO.309 Which of the following Nmap commands would be used to perform a stack fingerprinting?
2878A. Nmap -O -p80 <host(s.>
2879B. Nmap -hU -Q<host(s.>
2880C. Nmap -sT -p <host(s.>
2881D. Nmap -u -o -w2 <host>
2882E. Nmap -sS -0p targe
2883Answer: B
2884NO.310 An IT security engineer notices that the company's web server is currently being hacked.
2885What should the engineer do next?
2886A. Unplug the network connection on the company's web server.
2887B. Determine the origin of the attack and launch a counterattack.
2888C. Record as much information as possible from the attack.
2889D. Perform a system restart on the company's web server.
2890Answer: C
2891NO.311 Eric has discovered a fantastic package of tools named Dsniff on the Internet. He has learnt
2892to use these tools in his lab and is now ready for real world exploitation. He was able to effectively
2893intercept communications between the two entities and establish credentials with both sides of the
2894connections. The two remote ends of the communication never notice that Eric is relaying the
2895information between the two. What would you call this attack?
2896A. Interceptor
2897B. Man-in-the-middle
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2899C. ARP Proxy
2900D. Poisoning Attack
2901Answer: B
2902NO.312 Which security control role does encryption meet?
2903A. Preventative
2904B. Detective
2905C. Offensive
2906D. Defensive
2907Answer: A
2908NO.313 Perspective clients want to see sample reports from previous penetration tests.
2909What should you do next?
2910A. Decline but, provide references.
2911B. Share full reports, not redacted.
2912C. Share full reports with redactions.
2913D. Share reports, after NDA is signed.
2914Answer: A
2915Explanation
2916Penetration tests data should not be disclosed to third parties.
2917NO.314 How is sniffing broadly categorized?
2918A. Active and passive
2919B. Broadcast and unicast
2920C. Unmanaged and managed
2921D. Filtered and unfiltered
2922Answer: A
2923NO.315 To send a PGP encrypted message, which piece of information from the recipient must the
2924sender have before encrypting the message?
2925A. Recipient's private key
2926B. Recipient's public key
2927C. Master encryption key
2928D. Sender's public key
2929Answer: B
2930NO.316 ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code.
2931This Virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time
2932it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
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2934Here is a section of the Virus code:
2935What is this technique called?
2936A. Polymorphic Virus
2937B. Metamorphic Virus
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2939C. Dravidic Virus
2940D. Stealth Virus
2941Answer: A
2942NO.317 Shellshock had the potential for an unauthorized user to gain access to a server. It affected
2943many internet-facing services, which OS did it not directly affect?
2944A. Windows
2945B. Unix
2946C. Linux
2947D. OS X
2948Answer: A
2949NO.318 The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) testing methodology addresses the
2950need to secure web applications by providing which one of the following services?
2951A. An extensible security framework named COBIT
2952B. A list of flaws and how to fix them
2953C. Web application patches
2954D. A security certification for hardened web applications
2955Answer: B
2956NO.319 Email is transmitted across the Internet using the Simple Mail Transport Protocol. SMTP
2957does not encrypt email, leaving the information in the message vulnerable to being read by an
2958unauthorized person. SMTP can upgrade a connection between two mail servers to use TLS. Email
2959transmitted by SMTP over TLS is encrypted. What is the name of the command used by SMTP to
2960transmit email over TLS?
2961A. OPPORTUNISTICTLS STARTTLS
2962B. FORCETLS
2963C. UPGRADETLS
2964Answer: B
2965NO.320 Which of the below hashing functions are not recommended for use?
2966A. SHA-1.ECC
2967B. MD5, SHA-1
2968C. SHA-2. SHA-3
2969D. MD5. SHA-5
2970Answer: A
2971NO.321 Which solution can be used to emulate computer services, such as mail and ftp, and to
2972capture information related to logins or actions?
2973A. Firewall
2974B. Honeypot
2975C. Core server
2976D. Layer 4 switch
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2978Answer: B
2979NO.322 An IT employee got a call from one of our best customers. The caller wanted to know about
2980the company's network infrastructure, systems, and team. New opportunities of integration are in
2981sight for both company and customer. What should this employee do?
2982A. Since the company's policy is all about Customer Service, he/she will provide information.
2983B. Disregarding the call, the employee should hang up.
2984C. The employee should not provide any information without previous management authorization.
2985D. The employees can not provide any information; but, anyway, he/she will provide the name of the
2986person in charge.
2987Answer: C
2988NO.323 Which of the following items is unique to the N-tier architecture method of designing
2989software applications?
2990A. Application layers can be separated, allowing each layer to be upgraded independently from other
2991layers.
2992B. It is compatible with various databases including Access, Oracle, and SQL.
2993C. Data security is tied into each layer and must be updated for all layers when any upgrade is
2994performed.
2995D. Application layers can be written in C, ASP.NET, or Delphi without any performance loss.
2996Answer: A
2997NO.324 This TCP flag instructs the sending system to transmit all buffered data immediately.
2998A. SYN
2999B. RST
3000C. PSH
3001D. URG
3002E. FIN
3003Answer: C
3004NO.325 Identify the UDP port that Network Time Protocol (NTP) uses as its primary means of
3005communication?
3006A. 123
3007B. 161
3008C. 69
3009D. 113
3010Answer: A
3011NO.326 A large mobile telephony and data network operator has a data that houses network
3012elements. These are essentially large computers running on Linux. The perimeter of the data center is
3013secured with firewalls and IPS systems. What is the best security policy concerning this setup?
3014A. Network elements must be hardened with user ids and strong passwords. Regular security tests
3015and audits should be performed.
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3017B. As long as the physical access to the network elements is restricted, there is no need for additional
3018measures.
3019C. There is no need for specific security measures on the network elements as long as firewalls and
3020IPS systems exist.
3021D. The operator knows that attacks and down time are inevitable and should have a backup site.
3022Answer: A
3023NO.327 Which of the following attacks exploits web age vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to
3024force an unsuspecting user's browser to send malicious requests they did not intend?
3025A. Command Injection Attacks
3026B. File Injection Attack
3027C. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
3028D. Hidden Field Manipulation Attack
3029Answer: C
3030NO.328 The company ABC recently contracted a new accountant. The accountant will be working
3031with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then
3032they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the
3033information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. What of the following
3034options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data?
3035A. The document can be sent to the accountant using an exclusive USB for that document.
3036B. The CFO can use a hash algorithm in the document once he approved the financial statements.
3037C. The financial statements can be sent twice, one by email and the other delivered in USB and the
3038accountant can compare both to be sure it is the same document.
3039D. The CFO can use an excel file with a password.
3040Answer: B
3041NO.329 The "black box testing" methodology enforces which kind of restriction?
3042A. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
3043B. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
3044C. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
3045D. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
3046Answer: A
3047Explanation
3048Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application
3049without peering into its internal structures or workings.
3050References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-box_testing
3051NO.330 Which of the following statements is TRUE?
3052A. Sniffers operate on Layer 2 of the OSI model
3053B. Sniffers operate on Layer 3 of the OSI model
3054C. Sniffers operate on both Layer 2 & Layer 3 of the OSI model.
3055D. Sniffers operate on the Layer 1 of the OSI model.
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3057Answer: A
3058Explanation
3059The OSI layer 2 is where packet sniffers collect their data.
3060References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame
3061NO.331 While performing data validation of web content, a security technician is required to restrict
3062malicious input.
3063Which of the following processes is an efficient way of restricting malicious input?
3064A. Validate web content input for query strings.
3065B. Validate web content input with scanning tools.
3066C. Validate web content input for type, length, and range.
3067D. Validate web content input for extraneous queries.
3068Answer: C
3069NO.332 A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However,
3070auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take
3071before enabling the audit feature?
3072A. Perform a vulnerability scan of the system.
3073B. Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature.
3074C. Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature.
3075D. Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review.
3076Answer: B
3077NO.333 Firewalls are the software or hardware systems that are able to control and monitor the
3078traffic coming in and out the target network based on pre-defined set of rules.
3079Which of the following types of firewalls can protect against SQL injection attacks?
3080A. Data-driven firewall
3081B. Stateful firewall
3082C. Packet firewall
3083D. Web application firewall
3084Answer: D
3085NO.334 Which of these options is the most secure procedure for storing backup tapes?
3086A. In a climate controlled facility offsite
3087B. On a different floor in the same building
3088C. Inside the data center for faster retrieval in a fireproof safe
3089D. In a cool dry environment
3090Answer: A
3091Explanation
3092An effective disaster data recovery strategy should consist of producing backup tapes and housing
3093them in an offsite storage facility. This way the data isn't compromised if a natural disaster affects the
3094business' office. It is highly recommended that the backup tapes be handled properly and stored in a
3095secure, climate controlled facility. This provides peace of mind, and gives the business almost
3096immediate stability after a disaster.
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3098References:
3099http://www.entrustrm.com/blog/1132/why-is-offsite-tape-storage-the-best-disaster-recovery-
3100strategy
3101NO.335 Which of the following items of a computer system will an anti-virus program scan for
3102viruses?
3103A. Boot Sector
3104B. Deleted Files
3105C. Windows Process List
3106D. Password Protected Files
3107Answer: A
3108NO.336 When conducting a penetration test, it is crucial to use all means to get all available
3109information about the target network. One of the ways to do that is by sniffing the network. Which of
3110the following cannot be performed by the passive network sniffing?
3111A. Identifying operating systems, services, protocols and devices
3112B. Modifying and replaying captured network traffic
3113C. Collecting unencrypted information about usernames and passwords
3114D. Capturing a network traffic for further analysis
3115Answer: B
3116NO.337 Passive reconnaissance involves collecting information through which of the following?
3117A. Social engineering
3118B. Network traffic sniffing
3119C. Man in the middle attacks
3120D. Publicly accessible sources
3121Answer: D
3122NO.338 In cryptanalysis and computer security, 'pass the hash' is a hacking technique that allows an
3123attacker to authenticate to a remote server/service by using the underlying NTLM and/or LanMan
3124hash of a user's password, instead of requiring the associated plaintext password as is normally the
3125case.
3126Metasploit Framework has a module for this technique: psexec. The psexec module is often used by
3127penetration testers to obtain access to a given system that you already know the credentials for. It
3128was written by sysinternals and has been integrated within the framework. Often as penetration
3129testers, successfully gain access to a system through some exploit, use meterpreter to grab the
3130passwords or other methods like fgdump, pwdump, or cachedump and then utilize rainbowtables to
3131crack those hash values.
3132Which of the following is true hash type and sort order that is using in the psexec module's
3133'smbpass'?
3134A. NT:LM
3135B. LM:NT
3136C. LM:NTLM
3137D. NTLM:LM
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3139Answer: B
3140NO.339 Which of the following descriptions is true about a static NAT?
3141A. A static NAT uses a many-to-many mapping.
3142B. A static NAT uses a one-to-many mapping.
3143C. A static NAT uses a many-to-one mapping.
3144D. A static NAT uses a one-to-one mapping.
3145Answer: D
3146NO.340 Security Policy is a definition of what it means to be secure for a system, organization or
3147other entity. For Information Technologies, there are sub-policies like Computer Security Policy,
3148Information Protection Policy, Information Security Policy, network Security Policy, Physical Security
3149Policy, Remote Access Policy, and User Account Policy.
3150What is the main theme of the sub-policies for Information Technologies?
3151A. Availability, Non-repudiation, Confidentiality
3152B. Authenticity, Integrity, Non-repudiation
3153C. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
3154D. Authenticity, Confidentiality, Integrity
3155Answer: C
3156NO.341 What are two things that are possible when scanning UDP ports? (Choose two.)
3157A. A reset will be returned
3158B. An ICMP message will be returned
3159C. The four-way handshake will not be completed
3160D. An RFC 1294 message will be returned
3161E. Nothing
3162Answer: B E
3163NO.342 Based on the following extract from the log of a compromised machine, what is the hacker
3164really trying to steal?
3165A. har.txt
3166B. SAM file
3167C. wwwroot
3168D. Repair file
3169Answer: B
3170NO.343 The precaution of prohibiting employees from bringing personal computing devices into a
3171facility is what type of security control?
3172A. Physical
3173B. Procedural
3174C. Technical
3175D. Compliance
3176Answer: B
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3178NO.344 Steve, a scientist who works in a governmental security agency, developed a technological
3179solution to identify people based on walking patterns and implemented this approach to a physical
3180control access.
3181A camera captures people walking and identifies the individuals using Steve's approach.
3182After that, people must approximate their RFID badges. Both the identifications are required to open
3183the door.
3184In this case, we can say:
3185A. Although the approach has two phases, it actually implements just one authentication factor
3186B. The solution implements the two authentication factors: physical object and physical characteristi
3187c
3188C. The solution will have a high level of false positives
3189D. Biological motion cannot be used to identify people
3190Answer: B
3191NO.345 A pentester gains access to a Windows application server and needs to determine the
3192settings of the built-in Windows firewall. Which command would be used?
3193A. Netsh firewall show config
3194B. WMIC firewall show config
3195C. Net firewall show config
3196D. Ipconfig firewall show config
3197Answer: A
3198NO.346 You need a tool that can do network intrusion prevention and intrusion detection, function
3199as a network sniffer, and record network activity, what tool would you most likely select?
3200A. Nmap
3201B. Cain & Abel
3202C. Nessus
3203D. Snort
3204Answer: D
3205NO.347 The use of alert thresholding in an IDS can reduce the volume of repeated alerts, but
3206introduces which of the following vulnerabilities?
3207A. An attacker, working slowly enough, can evade detection by the IDS.
3208B. Network packets are dropped if the volume exceeds the threshold.
3209C. Thresholding interferes with the IDS' ability to reassemble fragmented packets.
3210D. The IDS will not distinguish among packets originating from different sources.
3211Answer: A
3212NO.348 Look at the following output. What did the hacker accomplish?
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3214A. The hacker used whois to gather publicly available records for the domain.
3215B. The hacker used the "fierce" tool to brute force the list of available domains.
3216C. The hacker listed DNS records on his own domain.
3217D. The hacker successfully transferred the zone and enumerated the hosts.
3218Answer: D
3219NO.349 What is the correct PCAP filter to capture all TCP traffic going to or from host 192.168.0.125
3220on port 25?
3221A. tcp.src == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
3222B. host 192.168.0.125:25
3223C. port 25 and host 192.168.0.125
3224D. tcp.port == 25 and ip.host == 192.168.0.125
3225Answer: D
3226NO.350 A network administrator discovers several unknown files in the root directory of his Linux
3227FTP server. One of the files is a tarball, two are shell script files, and the third is a binary file is named
3228"nc." The FTP server's access logs show that the anonymous user account logged in to the server,
3229uploaded the files, and extracted the contents of the tarball and ran the script using a function
3230provided by the FTP server's software. The ps command shows that the nc file is running as process,
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3232and the netstat command shows the nc process is listening on a network port.
3233What kind of vulnerability must be present to make this remote attack possible?
3234A. File system permissions
3235B. Privilege escalation
3236C. Directory traversal
3237D. Brute force login
3238Answer: A
3239Explanation
3240To upload files the user must have proper write file permissions.
3241References:
3242http://codex.wordpress.org/Hardening_WordPress
3243NO.351 You have compromised a server on a network and successfully opened a shell. You aimed to
3244identify all operating systems running on the network. However, as you attempt to fingerprint all
3245machines in the network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through.
3246What seems to be wrong?
3247A. OS Scan requires root privileges.
3248B. The nmap syntax is wrong.
3249C. This is a common behavior for a corrupted nmap application.
3250D. The outgoing TCP/IP fingerprinting is blocked by the host firewall.
3251Answer: A
3252Explanation
3253You requested a scan type which requires root privileges.
3254References:
3255http://askubuntu.com/questions/433062/using-nmap-for-information-regarding-web-host
3256NO.352 A hacker is attempting to use nslookup to query Domain Name Service (DNS). The hacker
3257uses the nslookup interactive mode for the search. Which command should the hacker type into the
3258command shell to request the appropriate records?
3259A. Locate type=ns
3260B. Request type=ns
3261C. Set type=ns
3262D. Transfer type=ns
3263Answer: C
3264NO.353 Which of the following processes evaluates the adherence of an organization to its stated
3265security policy?
3266A. Vulnerability assessment
3267B. Penetration testing
3268C. Risk assessment
3269D. Security auditing
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3271Answer: D
3272NO.354 What is the main reason the use of a stored biometric is vulnerable to an attack?
3273A. The digital representation of the biometric might not be unique, even if the physical characteristic
3274is unique.
3275B. Authentication using a stored biometric compares a copy to a copy instead of the original to a
3276copy.
3277C. A stored biometric is no longer "something you are" and instead becomes "something you have".
3278D. A stored biometric can be stolen and used by an attacker to impersonate the individual identified
3279by the biometric.
3280Answer: D
3281NO.355 A computer science student needs to fill some information into a secured Adobe PDF job
3282application that was received from a prospective employer. Instead of requesting a new document
3283that allowed the forms to be completed, the student decides to write a script that pulls passwords
3284from a list of commonly used passwords to try against the secured PDF until the correct password is
3285found or the list is exhausted.
3286Which cryptography attack is the student attempting?
3287A. Man-in-the-middle attack
3288B. Brute-force attack
3289C. Dictionary attack
3290D. Session hijacking
3291Answer: C
3292NO.356 Which of the following is the best countermeasure to encrypting ransomwares?
3293A. Use multiple antivirus softwares
3294B. Keep some generation of off-line backup
3295C. Analyze the ransomware to get decryption key of encrypted data
3296D. Pay a ransom
3297Answer: B
3298NO.357 You have successfully compromised a machine on the network and found a server that is
3299alive on the same network. You tried to ping it but you didn't get any response back.
3300What is happening?
3301A. ICMP could be disabled on the target server.
3302B. The ARP is disabled on the target server.
3303C. TCP/IP doesn't support ICMP.
3304D. You need to run the ping command with root privileges.
3305Answer: A
3306Explanation
3307The ping utility is implemented using the ICMP "Echo request" and "Echo reply" messages.
3308Note: The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the main protocols of the internet
3309protocol suite. It is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages indicating, for
3310example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached.
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3312References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
3313NO.358 Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web
3314application to connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
3315A. DataThief
3316B. NetCat
3317C. Cain and Abel
3318D. SQLInjector
3319Answer: A
3320NO.359 A security engineer is attempting to map a company's internal network. The engineer enters
3321in the following NMAP command:
3322NMAP -n -sS -P0 -p 80 ***.***.**.**
3323What type of scan is this?
3324A. Quick scan
3325B. Intense scan
3326C. Stealth scan
3327D. Comprehensive scan
3328Answer: C
3329NO.360 Which of the following is an example of an asymmetric encryption implementation?
3330A. SHA1
3331B. PGP
3332C. 3DES
3333D. MD5
3334Answer: B
3335NO.361 Which of the following is the BEST way to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
3336from being exploited due to vulnerabilities of varying web applications?
3337A. Use cryptographic storage to store all PII
3338B. Use full disk encryption on all hard drives to protect PII
3339C. Use encrypted communications protocols to transmit PII
3340D. Use a security token to log into all Web applications that use PII
3341Answer: C
3342NO.362 Trinity needs to scan all hosts on a /16 network for TCP port 445 only. What is the fastest
3343way she can accomplish this with Nmap? Stealth is not a concern.
3344A. nmap -sn -sF 10.1.0.0/16 445
3345B. nmap -p 445 -n -T4 -open 10.1.0.0/16
3346C. nmap -s 445 -sU -T5 10.1.0.0/16
3347D. nmap -p 445 -max -Pn 10.1.0.0/16
3348Answer: B
3349NO.363 It is a kind of malware (malicious software) that criminals install on your computer so they
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3351can lock it from a remote location. This malware generates a pop-up window, webpage, or email
3352warning from what looks like an official authority. It explains that your computer has been locked
3353because of possible illegal activities on it and demands payment before you can access your files and
3354programs again.
3355Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
3356A. Ransomware
3357B. Adware
3358C. Spyware
3359D. Riskware
3360Answer: A
3361Explanation
3362Ransomware is a type of malware that can be covertly installed on a computer without knowledge or
3363intention of the user that restricts access to the infected computer system in some way, and
3364demands that the user pay a ransom to the malware operators to remove the restriction. Some
3365forms of ransomware systematically encrypt files on the system's hard drive, which become difficult
3366or impossible to decrypt without paying the ransom for the encryption key, while some may simply
3367lock the system and display messages intended to coax the user into paying. Ransomware typically
3368propagates as a Trojan.
3369References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransomware
3370NO.364 What are the three types of authentication?
3371A. Something you: know, remember, prove
3372B. Something you: have, know, are
3373C. Something you: show, prove, are
3374D. Something you: show, have, prove
3375Answer: B
3376NO.365 What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is open?
3377A. SYN
3378B. ACK
3379C. FIN
3380D. PSH
3381E. RST
3382F. No response
3383Answer: F
3384NO.366 An nmap command that includes the host specification of 202.176.56-57.* will scan
3385_______ number of hosts.
3386A. 2
3387B. 256
3388C. 512
3389D. Over 10, 000
3390Answer: C
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3392NO.367 What is the code written for?
3393A. Buffer Overflow
3394B. Encryption
3395C. Bruteforce
3396D. Denial-of-service (Dos)
3397Answer: A
3398NO.368 When analyzing the IDS logs, the system administrator noticed an alert was logged when
3399the external router was accessed from the administrator's computer to update the router
3400configuration. What type of an alert is this?
3401A. False positive
3402B. False negative
3403C. True positve
3404D. True negative
3405Answer: A
3406NO.369 How does an operating system protect the passwords used for account logins?
3407A. The operating system performs a one-way hash of the passwords.
3408B. The operating system stores the passwords in a secret file that users cannot find.
3409C. The operating system encrypts the passwords, and decrypts them when needed.
3410D. The operating system stores all passwords in a protected segment of non-volatile memory.
3411Answer: A
3412NO.370 What type of analysis is performed when an attacker has partial knowledge of inner-
3413workings of the application?
3414A. Black-box
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3416B. Announced
3417C. White-box
3418D. Grey-box
3419Answer: D
3420NO.371 Which of the following settings enables Nessus to detect when it is sending too many
3421packets and the network pipe is approaching capacity?
3422A. Netstat WMI Scan
3423B. Silent Dependencies
3424C. Consider unscanned ports as closed
3425D. Reduce parallel connections on congestion
3426Answer: D
3427NO.372 Name two software tools used for OS guessing? (Choose two.)
3428A. Nmap
3429B. Snadboy
3430C. Queso
3431D. UserInfo
3432E. NetBus
3433Answer: A C
3434NO.373 What is one thing a tester can do to ensure that the software is trusted and is not changing
3435or tampering with critical data on the back end of a system it is loaded on?
3436A. Proper testing
3437B. Secure coding principles
3438C. Systems security and architecture review
3439D. Analysis of interrupts within the software
3440Answer: D
3441NO.374 Bob received this text message on his mobile phone: ""Hello, this is Scott Smelby from the
3442Yahoo Bank.
3443Kindly contact me for a vital transaction on: scottsmelby@yahoo.com"". Which statement below is
3444true?
3445A. This is probably a legitimate message as it comes from a respectable organization.
3446B. Bob should write to scottsmelby@yahoo.com to verify the identity of Scott.
3447C. This is a scam as everybody can get a @yahoo address, not the Yahoo customer service
3448employees.
3449D. This is a scam because Bob does not know Scott.
3450Answer: C
3451NO.375 You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following
3452commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade
3453IDS?
345496IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3455A. nmap -A - Pn
3456B. nmap -sP -p-65535-T5
3457C. nmap -sT -O -T0
3458D. nmap -A --host-timeout 99-T1
3459Answer: C
3460NO.376 Which of the following is the BEST approach to prevent Cross-site Scripting (XSS) flaws?
3461A. Use digital certificates to authenticate a server prior to sending data.
3462B. Verify access right before allowing access to protected information and UI controls.
3463C. Verify access right before allowing access to protected information and UI controls.
3464D. Validate and escape all information sent to a server.
3465Answer: D
3466NO.377 Which of the following is a preventive control?
3467A. Smart card authentication
3468B. Security policy
3469C. Audit trail
3470D. Continuity of operations plan
3471Answer: A
3472NO.378 To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of
3473automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the
3474program.
3475What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?
3476A. Fuzzing
3477B. Randomizing
3478C. Mutating
3479D. Bounding
3480Answer: A
3481Explanation
3482Fuzz testing or fuzzing is a software testing technique, often automated or semi-automated, that
3483involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data to the inputs of a computer program. The
3484program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, or failing built-in code assertions or for
3485finding potential memory leaks. Fuzzing is commonly used to test for security problems in software
3486or computer systems. It is a form of random testing which has been used for testing hardware or
3487software.
3488References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz_testing
3489NO.379 What is the broadcast address for the subnet 190.86.168.0/22?
3490A. 190.86.168.255
3491B. 190.86.255.255
3492C. 190.86.171.255
3493D. 190.86.169.255
349497IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3495Answer: C
3496NO.380 Which of the following security operations is used for determining the attack surface of an
3497organization?
3498A. Running a network scan to detect network services in the corporate DMZ
3499B. Training employees on the security policy regarding social engineering
3500C. Reviewing the need for a security clearance for each employee
3501D. Using configuration management to determine when and where to apply security patches
3502Answer: A
3503Explanation
3504For a network scan the goal is to document the exposed attack surface along with any easily detected
3505vulnerabilities.
3506References:
3507http://meisecurity.com/home/consulting/consulting-network-scanning/
3508NO.381 Which tier in the N-tier application architecture is responsible for moving and processing
3509data between the tiers?
3510A. Application Layer
3511B. Data tier
3512C. Presentation tier
3513D. Logic tier
3514Answer: D
3515NO.382 The security administrator of ABC needs to permit Internet traffic in the host 10.0.0.2 and
3516UDP traffic in the host 10.0.0.3. He also needs to permit all FTP traffic to the rest of the network and
3517deny all other traffic. After he applied his ACL configuration in the router, nobody can access to the
3518ftp, and the permitted hosts cannot access the Internet. According to the next configuration, what is
3519happening in the network?
3520A. The ACL 104 needs to be first because is UDP
3521B. The ACL 110 needs to be changed to port 80
3522C. The ACL for FTP must be before the ACL 110
3523D. The first ACL is denying all TCP traffic and the other ACLs are being ignored by the router
3524Answer: D
3525NO.383 How can a policy help improve an employee's security awareness?
3526A. By implementing written security procedures, enabling employee security training, and promoting
3527the benefits of security
3528B. By using informal networks of communication, establishing secret passing procedures, and
3529immediately terminating employees
3530C. By sharing security secrets with employees, enabling employees to share secrets, and establishing
353198IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3532a consultative help line
3533D. By decreasing an employee's vacation time, addressing ad-hoc employment clauses, and ensuring
3534that managers know employee strengths
3535Answer: A
3536NO.384 Company A and Company B have just merged and each has its own Public Key Infrastructure
3537(PKI). What must the Certificate Authorities (CAs) establish so that the private PKIs for Company A
3538and Company B trust one another and each private PKI can validate digital certificates from the other
3539company?
3540A. Poly key exchange
3541B. Cross certification
3542C. Poly key reference
3543D. Cross-site exchange
3544Answer: B
3545NO.385 Risks = Threats x Vulnerabilities is referred to as the:
3546A. Risk equation
3547B. Threat assessment
3548C. BIA equation
3549D. Disaster recovery formula
3550Answer: A
3551Explanation
3552The most effective way to define risk is with this simple equation:
3553Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Cost
3554This equation is fundamental to all information security.
3555References:
3556http://www.icharter.org/articles/risk_equation.html
3557NO.386 In 2007, this wireless security algorithm was rendered useless by capturing packets and
3558discovering the passkey in a matter of seconds. This security flaw led to a network invasion of TJ
3559Maxx and data theft through a technique known as wardriving.
3560Which Algorithm is this referring to?
3561A. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
3562B. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
3563C. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
3564D. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
3565Answer: A
3566Explanation
3567WEP is the currently most used protocol for securing 802.11 networks, also called wireless lans or
3568wlans. In
35692007, a new attack on WEP, the PTW attack, was discovered, which allows an attacker to recover the
3570secret key in less than 60 seconds in some cases.
3571Note: Wardriving is the act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless networks by a person in a moving vehicle,
3572using a portable computer, smartphone or personal digital assistant (PDA).
357399IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3574References: https://events.ccc.de/camp/2007/Fahrplan/events/1943.en.html
3575NO.387 This kind of password cracking method uses word lists in combination with numbers and
3576special characters:
3577A. Hybrid
3578B. Linear
3579C. Symmetric
3580D. Brute Force
3581Answer: A
3582NO.388 Which of the following security policies defines the use of VPN for gaining access to an
3583internal corporate network?
3584A. Network security policy
3585B. Remote access policy
3586C. Information protection policy
3587D. Access control policy
3588Answer: B
3589NO.389 Which of the following ensures that updates to policies, procedures, and configurations are
3590made in a controlled and documented fashion?
3591A. Regulatory compliance
3592B. Peer review
3593C. Change management
3594D. Penetration testing
3595Answer: C
3596NO.390 Within the context of Computer Security, which of the following statements describes Social
3597Engineering best?
3598A. Social Engineering is the act of publicly disclosing information
3599B. Social Engineering is the means put in place by human resource to perform time accounting
3600C. Social Engineering is the act of getting needed information from a person rather than breaking into
3601a system
3602D. Social Engineering is a training program within sociology studies
3603Answer: C
3604NO.391 What is a successful method for protecting a router from potential smurf attacks?
3605A. Placing the router in broadcast mode
3606B. Enabling port forwarding on the router
3607C. Installing the router outside of the network's firewall
3608D. Disabling the router from accepting broadcast ping messages
3609Answer: D
3610NO.392 Attempting an injection attack on a web server based on responses to True/False questions
3611100IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3612is called which of the following?
3613A. Blind SQLi
3614B. DMS-specific SQLi
3615C. Classic SQLi
3616D. Compound SQLi
3617Answer: A
3618NO.393 Your company performs penetration tests and security assessments for small and medium-
3619sized business in the local area. During a routine security assessment, you discover information that
3620suggests your client is involved with human trafficking.
3621What should you do?
3622A. Immediately stop work and contact the proper legal authorities.
3623B. Copy the data to removable media and keep it in case you need it.
3624C. Confront the client in a respectful manner and ask her about the data.
3625D. Ignore the data and continue the assessment until completed as agreed.
3626Answer: A
3627NO.394 Which of the following is a serious vulnerability in the popular OpenSSL cryptographic
3628software library? This weakness allows stealing the information protected, under normal conditions,
3629by the SSL/TLS encryption used to secure the Internet.
3630A. Heartbleed Bug
3631B. POODLE
3632C. SSL/TLS Renegotiation Vulnerability
3633D. Shellshock
3634Answer: A
3635NO.395 Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack?
3636A. Bluedriving
3637B. Bluejacking
3638C. Bluesmacking
3639D. Bluesnarfing
3640Answer: A
3641NO.396 Bob learned that his username and password for a popular game has been compromised.
3642He contacts the company and resets all the information. The company suggests he use two-factor
3643authentication, which option below offers that?
3644A. A new username and password
3645B. A fingerprint scanner and his username and password.
3646C. Disable his username and use just a fingerprint scanner.
3647D. His username and a stronger password.
3648Answer: B
3649NO.397 Which of the following is considered an acceptable option when managing a risk?
3650101IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3651A. Reject the risk.
3652B. Deny the risk.
3653C. Mitigate the risk.
3654D. Initiate the risk.
3655Answer: C
3656NO.398 Which of the following examples best represents a logical or technical control?
3657A. Security tokens
3658B. Heating and air conditioning
3659C. Smoke and fire alarms
3660D. Corporate security policy
3661Answer: A
3662NO.399 A developer for a company is tasked with creating a program that will allow customers to
3663update their billing and shipping information. The billing address field used is limited to 50
3664characters. What pseudo code would the developer use to avoid a buffer overflow attack on the
3665billing address field?
3666A. if (billingAddress = 50) {update field} else exit
3667B. if (billingAddress != 50) {update field} else exit
3668C. if (billingAddress >= 50) {update field} else exit
3669D. if (billingAddress <= 50) {update field} else exit
3670Answer: D
3671NO.400 A distributed port scan operates by:
3672A. Blocking access to the scanning clients by the targeted host
3673B. Using denial-of-service software against a range of TCP ports
3674C. Blocking access to the targeted host by each of the distributed scanning clients
3675D. Having multiple computers each scan a small number of ports, then correlating the results
3676Answer: D
3677NO.401 The network team has well-established procedures to follow for creating new rules on the
3678firewall. This includes having approval from a manager prior to implementing any new rules. While
3679reviewing the firewall configuration, you notice a recently implemented rule but cannot locate
3680manager approval for it. What would be a good step to have in the procedures for a situation like
3681this?
3682A. Have the network team document the reason why the rule was implemented without prior
3683manager approval.
3684B. Monitor all traffic using the firewall rule until a manager can approve it.
3685C. Do not roll back the firewall rule as the business may be relying upon it, but try to get manager
3686approval as soon as possible.
3687D. Immediately roll back the firewall rule until a manager can approve it
3688Answer: D
3689102IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3690NO.402 Sam is working as s pen-tester in an organization in Houston. He performs penetration
3691testing on IDS in order to find the different ways an attacker uses to evade the IDS. Sam sends a large
3692amount of packets to the target IDS that generates alerts, which enable Sam to hide the real traffic.
3693What type of method is Sam using to evade IDS?
3694A. Denial-of-Service
3695B. False Positive Generation
3696C. Insertion Attack
3697D. Obfuscating
3698Answer: B
3699NO.403 What is the best defense against privilege escalation vulnerability?
3700A. Patch systems regularly and upgrade interactive login privileges at the system administrator level.
3701B. Run administrator and applications on least privileges and use a content registry for tracking.
3702C. Run services with least privileged accounts and implement multi-factor authentication and
3703authorization.
3704D. Review user roles and administrator privileges for maximum utilization of automation services.
3705Answer: C
3706NO.404 A botnet can be managed through which of the following?
3707A. IRC
3708B. E-Mail
3709C. Linkedin and Facebook
3710D. A vulnerable FTP server
3711Answer: A
3712NO.405 Under the "Post-attack Phase and Activities", it is the responsibility of the tester to restore
3713the systems to a pre-test state.
3714Which of the following activities should not be included in this phase? (see exhibit) Exhibit:
3715A. III
3716B. IV
3717C. III and IV
3718D. All should be included.
3719Answer: A
3720Explanation
3721The post-attack phase revolves around returning any modified system(s) to the pretest state.
3722103IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3723Examples of such activities:
3724References: Computer and Information Security Handbook, John R. Vacca (2012), page 531
3725NO.406 The practical realities facing organizations today make risk response strategies essential.
3726Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk?
3727A. Accept
3728B. Mitigate
3729C. Delegate
3730D. Avoid
3731Answer: C
3732NO.407 Internet Protocol Security IPSec is actually a suite of protocols. Each protocol within the
3733suite provides different functionality. Collective IPSec does everything except.
3734A. Protect the payload and the headers
3735B. Authenticate
3736C. Encrypt
3737D. Work at the Data Link Layer
3738Answer: D
3739NO.408 A penetration test was done at a company. After the test, a report was written and given to
3740the company's IT authorities. A section from the report is shown below:
3741According to the section from the report, which of the following choice is true?
3742A. MAC Spoof attacks cannot be performed.
3743B. Possibility of SQL Injection attack is eliminated.
3744C. A stateful firewall can be used between intranet (LAN) and DMZ.
3745D. There is access control policy between VLANs.
3746Answer: C
3747NO.409 You want to analyze packets on your wireless network. Which program would you use?
3748A. Wireshark with Airpcap
3749B. Airsnort with Airpcap
3750C. Wireshark with Winpcap
3751D. Ethereal with Winpcap
3752Answer: A
3753NO.410 Bluetooth uses which digital modulation technique to exchange information between paired
3754devices?
3755A. PSK (phase-shift keying)
3756B. FSK (frequency-shift keying)
3757C. ASK (amplitude-shift keying)
3758D. QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)
3759Answer: A
3760Explanation
3761104IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3762Phase shift keying is the form of Bluetooth modulation used to enable the higher data rates
3763achievable with Bluetooth 2 EDR (Enhanced Data Rate). Two forms of PSK are used: /4 DQPSK, and
37648DPSK.
3765References:
3766http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/wireless/bluetooth/radio-interface-modulation.php
3767NO.411 Which of these is capable of searching for and locating rogue access points?
3768A. HIDS
3769B. WISS
3770C. WIPS
3771D. NIDS
3772Answer: C
3773NO.412 Study the snort rule given below and interpret the rule. alert tcp any any --> 192.168.1.0/24
3774111 (content:"|00 01 86 a5|"; msG. "mountd access";)
3775A. An alert is generated when a TCP packet is generated from any IP on the 192.168.1.0 subnet and
3776destined to any IP on port 111
3777B. An alert is generated when any packet other than a TCP packet is seen on the network and
3778destined for the 192.168.1.0 subnet
3779C. An alert is generated when a TCP packet is originated from port 111 of any IP address to the
3780192.168.1.0 subnet
3781D. An alert is generated when a TCP packet originating from any IP address is seen on the network
3782and destined for any IP address on the 192.168.1.0 subnet on port 111
3783Answer: D
3784NO.413 Which type of antenna is used in wireless communication?
3785A. Omnidirectional
3786B. Parabolic
3787C. Uni-directional
3788D. Bi-directional
3789Answer: A
3790NO.414 You are the Network Admin, and you get a compliant that some of the websites are no
3791longer accessible. You try to ping the servers and find them to be reachable. Then you type the IP
3792address and then you try on the browser, and find it to be accessible. But they are not accessible
3793when you try using the URL.
3794What may be the problem?
3795A. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 53
3796B. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 80
3797C. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 54
3798D. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 80
3799Answer: A
3800NO.415 How is the public key distributed in an orderly, controlled fashion so that the users can be
3801105IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3802sure of the sender's identity?
3803A. Hash value
3804B. Private key
3805C. Digital signature
3806D. Digital certificate
3807Answer: D
3808NO.416 What is the BEST alternative if you discover that a rootkit has been installed on one of your
3809computers?
3810A. Copy the system files from a known good system
3811B. Perform a trap and trace
3812C. Delete the files and try to determine the source
3813D. Reload from a previous backup
3814E. Reload from known good media
3815Answer: E
3816NO.417 Which of the following is optimized for confidential communications, such as bidirectional
3817voice and video?
3818A. RC4
3819B. RC5
3820C. MD4
3821D. MD5
3822Answer: A
3823NO.418 In the context of Windows Security, what is a 'null' user?
3824A. A user that has no skills
3825B. An account that has been suspended by the admin
3826C. A pseudo account that has no username and password
3827D. A pseudo account that was created for security administration purpose
3828Answer: C
3829NO.419 A hacker is attempting to see which IP addresses are currently active on a network. Which
3830NMAP switch would the hacker use?
3831A. -sO
3832B. -sP
3833C. -sS
3834D. -sU
3835Answer: B
3836NO.420 In Risk Management, how is the term "likelihood" related to the concept of "threat?"
3837A. Likelihood is the probability that a threat-source will exploit a vulnerability.
3838B. Likelihood is a possible threat-source that may exploit a vulnerability.
3839C. Likelihood is the likely source of a threat that could exploit a vulnerability.
3840106IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3841D. Likelihood is the probability that a vulnerability is a threat-source.
3842Answer: A
3843Explanation
3844The ability to analyze the likelihood of threats within the organization is a critical step in building an
3845effective security program. The process of assessing threat probability should be well defined and
3846incorporated into a broader threat analysis process to be effective.
3847References:
3848http://www.mcafee.com/campaign/securitybattleground/resources/chapter5/whitepaper-on-
3849assessing-threat-attac
3850NO.421 During a wireless penetration test, a tester detects an access point using WPA2 encryption.
3851Which of the following attacks should be used to obtain the key?
3852A. The tester must capture the WPA2 authentication handshake and then crack it.
3853B. The tester must use the tool inSSIDer to crack it using the ESSID of the network.
3854C. The tester cannot crack WPA2 because it is in full compliance with the IEEE 802.11i standard.
3855D. The tester must change the MAC address of the wireless network card and then use the AirTraf
3856tool to obtain the key.
3857Answer: A
3858NO.422 What is the main disadvantage of the scripting languages as opposed to compiled
3859programming languages?
3860A. Scripting languages are hard to learn.
3861B. Scripting languages are not object-oriented.
3862C. Scripting languages cannot be used to create graphical user interfaces.
3863D. Scripting languages are slower because they require an interpreter to run the code.
3864Answer: D
3865NO.423 A consultant is hired to do physical penetration testing at a large financial company. In the
3866first day of his assessment, the consultant goes to the company`s building dressed like an electrician
3867and waits in the lobby for an employee to pass through the main access gate, then the consultant
3868follows the employee behind to get into the restricted area. Which type of attack did the consultant
3869perform?
3870A. Man trap
3871B. Tailgating
3872C. Shoulder surfing
3873D. Social engineering
3874Answer: B
3875NO.424 You are about to be hired by a well-known Bank to perform penetration tests. Which of the
3876following documents describes the specifics of the testing, the associated violations, and essentially
3877protects both the bank's interest and your liabilities as a tester?
3878A. Service Level Agreement
3879B. Non-Disclosure Agreement
3880C. Terms of Engagement
3881107IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3882D. Project Scope
3883Answer: C
3884NO.425 A person approaches a network administrator and wants advice on how to send encrypted
3885email from home.
3886The end user does not want to have to pay for any license fees or manage server services. Which of
3887the following is the most secure encryption protocol that the network administrator should
3888recommend?
3889A. IP Security (IPSEC)
3890B. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
3891C. Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
3892D. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol with Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS)
3893Answer: C
3894NO.426 MX record priority increases as the number increases. (True/False.)
3895A. True
3896B. False
3897Answer: B
3898NO.427 Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems?
3899A. Social Engineering
3900B. Sniffing
3901C. Eavesdropping
3902D. Scanning
3903Answer: A
3904Explanation
3905Social engineering, in the context of information security, refers to psychological manipulation of
3906people into performing actions or divulging confidential information. A type of confidence trick for
3907the purpose of information gathering, fraud, or system access.
3908References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)
3909NO.428 Bob is acknowledged as a hacker of repute and is popular among visitors of "underground"
3910sites.
3911Bob is willing to share his knowledge with those who are willing to learn, and many have expressed
3912their interest in learning from him. However, this knowledge has a risk associated with it, as it can be
3913used for malevolent attacks as well.
3914In this context, what would be the most effective method to bridge the knowledge gap between the
3915"black" hats or crackers and the "white" hats or computer security professionals? (Choose the test
3916answer.)
3917A. Educate everyone with books, articles and training on risk analysis, vulnerabilities and safeguards.
3918B. Hire more computer security monitoring personnel to monitor computer systems and networks.
3919C. Make obtaining either a computer security certification or accreditation easier to achieve so more
3920individuals feel that they are a part of something larger than life.
3921D. Train more National Guard and reservist in the art of computer security to help out in times of
3922108IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3923emergency or crises.
3924Answer: A
3925NO.429 What statement is true regarding LM hashes?
3926A. LM hashes consist in 48 hexadecimal characters.
3927B. LM hashes are based on AES128 cryptographic standard.
3928C. Uppercase characters in the password are converted to lowercase.
3929D. LM hashes are not generated when the password length exceeds 15 characters.
3930Answer: D
3931NO.430 What information should an IT system analysis provide to the risk assessor?
3932A. Management buy-in
3933B. Threat statement
3934C. Security architecture
3935D. Impact analysis
3936Answer: C
3937NO.431 An attacker has captured a target file that is encrypted with public key cryptography. Which
3938of the attacks below is likely to be used to crack the target file?
3939A. Timing attack
3940B. Replay attack
3941C. Memory trade-off attack
3942D. Chosen plain-text attack
3943Answer: D
3944NO.432 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for
3945compliance by outlining
3946A. guidelines and practices for security controls.
3947B. financial soundness and business viability metrics.
3948C. standard best practice for configuration management.
3949D. contract agreement writing standards.
3950Answer: A
3951NO.433 Which of the following is the primary objective of a rootkit?
3952A. It opens a port to provide an unauthorized service
3953B. It creates a buffer overflow
3954C. It replaces legitimate programs
3955D. It provides an undocumented opening in a program
3956Answer: C
3957NO.434 The "gray box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
3958A. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
3959B. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
3960109IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
3961C. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
3962D. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
3963Answer: A
3964Explanation
3965A black-box tester is unaware of the internal structure of the application to be tested, while a white-
3966box tester has access to the internal structure of the application. A gray-box tester partially knows
3967the internal structure, which includes access to the documentation of internal data structures as well
3968as the algorithms used.
3969References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_box_testing
3970NO.435 An attacker changes the profile information of a particular user (victim) on the target
3971website. The attacker uses this string to update the victim's profile to a text file and then submit the
3972data to the attacker's database.
3973< iframe src="http://www.vulnweb.com/updateif.php" style="display:none"></iframe> What is this
3974type of attack (that can use either HTTP GET or HTTP POST) called?
3975A. Cross-Site Request Forgery
3976B. Cross-Site Scripting
3977C. SQL Injection
3978D. Browser Hacking
3979Answer: A
3980Explanation
3981Cross-site request forgery, also known as one-click attack or session riding and abbreviated as CSRF
3982(sometimes pronounced sea-surf) or XSRF, is a type of malicious exploit of a website where
3983unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the website trusts.
3984Different HTTP request methods, such as GET and POST, have different level of susceptibility to CSRF
3985attacks and require different levels of protection due to their different handling by web browsers.
3986References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery
3987NO.436 Which of the following tools are used for enumeration? (Choose three.)
3988A. SolarWinds
3989B. USER2SID
3990C. Cheops
3991D. SID2USER
3992E. DumpSec
3993Answer: B D E
3994NO.437 A pentester is using Metasploit to exploit an FTP server and pivot to a LAN. How will the
3995pentester pivot using Metasploit?
3996A. Issue the pivot exploit and set the meterpreter.
3997B. Reconfigure the network settings in the meterpreter.
3998C. Set the payload to propagate through the meterpreter.
3999D. Create a route statement in the meterpreter.
4000Answer: D
4001110IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4002NO.438 Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
4003A. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the
4004MBR
4005B. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of
4006the MBR
4007C. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the
4008actual program
4009D. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code
4010Answer: B
4011Explanation
4012A boot sector virus is a computer virus that infects a storage device's master boot record (MBR). The
4013virus moves the boot sector to another location on the hard drive.
4014References: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26655/boot-sector-virus
4015NO.439 In order to have an anonymous Internet surf, which of the following is best choice?
4016A. Use SSL sites when entering personal information
4017B. Use Tor network with multi-node
4018C. Use shared WiFi
4019D. Use public VPN
4020Answer: B
4021NO.440 A security analyst in an insurance company is assigned to test a new web application that
4022will be used by clients to help them choose and apply for an insurance plan. The analyst discovers
4023that the application is developed in ASP scripting language and it uses MSSQL as a database backend.
4024The analyst locates the application's search form and introduces the following code in the search
4025input field:
4026When the analyst submits the form, the browser returns a pop-up window that says "Vulnerable".
4027Which web applications vulnerability did the analyst discover?
4028A. Cross-site request forgery
4029B. Command injection
4030C. Cross-site scripting
4031D. SQL injection
4032Answer: C
4033NO.441 You have several plain-text firewall logs that you must review to evaluate network traffic.
4034You know that in order to do fast, efficient searches of the logs you must use regular expressions.
4035Which command-line utility are you most likely to use?
4036A. Grep
4037B. Notepad
4038C. MS Excel
4039D. Relational Database
4040Answer: A
4041111IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4042Explanation
4043grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular
4044expression.
4045References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grep
4046NO.442 A computer technician is using a new version of a word processing software package when
4047it is discovered that a special sequence of characters causes the entire computer to crash. The
4048technician researches the bug and discovers that no one else experienced the problem. What is the
4049appropriate next step?
4050A. Ignore the problem completely and let someone else deal with it.
4051B. Create a document that will crash the computer when opened and send it to friends.
4052C. Find an underground bulletin board and attempt to sell the bug to the highest bidder.
4053D. Notify the vendor of the bug and do not disclose it until the vendor gets a chance to issue a fix.
4054Answer: D
4055NO.443 Which of the following is an application that requires a host application for replication?
4056A. Micro
4057B. Worm
4058C. Trojan
4059D. Virus
4060Answer: D
4061Explanation
4062Computer viruses infect a variety of different subsystems on their hosts. A computer virus is a
4063malware that, when executed, replicates by reproducing itself or infecting other programs by
4064modifying them. Infecting computer programs can include as well, data files, or the boot sector of the
4065hard drive. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected".
4066References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus
4067NO.444 An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate
4068that the last test did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of
4069the following is the most likely reason for lack of management or control packets?
4070A. The wireless card was not turned on.
4071B. The wrong network card drivers were in use by Wireshark.
4072C. On Linux and Mac OS X, only 802.11 headers are received in promiscuous mode.
4073D. Certain operating systems and adapters do not collect the management or control packets.
4074Answer: D
4075NO.445 An attacker scans a host with the below command. Which three flags are set? (Choose
4076three.)
4077#nmap -sX host.domain.com
4078A. This is ACK scan. ACK flag is set
4079B. This is Xmas scan. SYN and ACK flags are set
4080C. This is Xmas scan. URG, PUSH and FIN are set
4081D. This is SYN scan. SYN flag is set
4082112IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4083Answer: C
4084NO.446 You work for Acme Corporation as Sales Manager. The company has tight network security
4085restrictions. You are trying to steal data from the company's Sales database (Sales.xls) and transfer
4086them to your home computer. Your company filters and monitors traffic that leaves from the internal
4087network to the Internet. How will you achieve this without raising suspicion?
4088A. Encrypt the Sales.xls using PGP and e-mail it to your personal gmail account
4089B. Package the Sales.xls using Trojan wrappers and telnet them back your home computer
4090C. You can conceal the Sales.xls database in another file like photo.jpg or other files and send it out in
4091an innocent looking email or file transfer using Steganography techniques
4092D. Change the extension of Sales.xls to sales.txt and upload them as attachment to your hotmail
4093account
4094Answer: C
4095NO.447 A penetration tester is attempting to scan an internal corporate network from the internet
4096without alerting the border sensor. Which is the most efficient technique should the tester consider
4097using?
4098A. Spoofing an IP address
4099B. Tunneling scan over SSH
4100C. Tunneling over high port numbers
4101D. Scanning using fragmented IP packets
4102Answer: B
4103NO.448 A hacker searches in Google for filetype:pcf to find Cisco VPN config files. Those files may
4104contain connectivity passwords that can be decoded with which of the following?
4105A. Cupp
4106B. Nessus
4107C. Cain and Abel
4108D. John The Ripper Pro
4109Answer: C
4110NO.449 Which of the following is an example of IP spoofing?
4111A. SQL injections
4112B. Man-in-the-middle
4113C. Cross-site scripting
4114D. ARP poisoning
4115Answer: B
4116NO.450 A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet
4117using a wireless access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but
4118cannot successfully reach the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default
4119gateway they are both on the
4120192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
4121A. The gateway is not routing to a public IP address.
4122113IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4123B. The computer is using an invalid IP address.
4124C. The gateway and the computer are not on the same network.
4125D. The computer is not using a private IP address.
4126Answer: A
4127NO.451 A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is
4128cheating. She offers to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she
4129can take him to court. What is the ethical response?
4130A. Say no; the friend is not the owner of the account.
4131B. Say yes; the friend needs help to gather evidence.
4132C. Say yes; do the job for free.
4133D. Say no; make sure that the friend knows the risk she's asking the CEH to take.
4134Answer: A
4135NO.452 env x=`(){ :;};echo exploit` bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'
4136What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on a vulnerable Linux host?
4137A. Display passwd content to prompt
4138B. Removes the passwd file
4139C. Changes all passwords in passwd
4140D. Add new user to the passwd file
4141Answer: A
4142Explanation
4143To extract private information, attackers are using a couple of techniques. The simplest extraction
4144attacks are in the form:
4145() {:;}; /bin/cat /etc/passwd
4146That reads the password file /etc/passwd, and adds it to the response from the web server. So an
4147attacker injecting this code through the Shellshock vulnerability would see the password file dumped
4148out onto their screen as part of the web page returned.
4149References: https://blog.cloudflare.com/inside-shellshock/
4150NO.453 As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company
4151to ensure DNS security?
4152A. Use the same machines for DNS and other applications
4153B. Harden DNS servers
4154C. Use split-horizon operation for DNS servers
4155D. Restrict Zone transfers
4156E. Have subnet diversity between DNS servers
4157Answer: B C D E
4158NO.454 Some passwords are stored using specialized encryption algorithms known as hashes. Why
4159is this an appropriate method?
4160A. It is impossible to crack hashed user passwords unless the key used to encrypt them is obtained.
4161B. If a user forgets the password, it can be easily retrieved using the hash key stored by
4162administrators.
4163114IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4164C. Hashing is faster compared to more traditional encryption algorithms.
4165D. Passwords stored using hashes are non-reversible, making finding the password much more
4166difficult.
4167Answer: D
4168NO.455 A company has publicly hosted web applications and an internal Intranet protected by a
4169firewall. Which technique will help protect against enumeration?
4170A. Reject all invalid email received via SMTP.
4171B. Allow full DNS zone transfers.
4172C. Remove A records for internal hosts.
4173D. Enable null session pipes.
4174Answer: C
4175NO.456 Which of the following incident handling process phases is responsible for defining rules,
4176collaborating human workforce, creating a back-up plan, and testing the plans for an organization?
4177A. Preparation phase
4178B. Containment phase
4179C. Identification phase
4180D. Recovery phase
4181Answer: A
4182Explanation
4183There are several key elements to have implemented in preparation phase in order to help mitigate
4184any potential problems that may hinder one's ability to handle an incident. For the sake of brevity,
4185the following should be performed:
4186References: https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/incident/incident-handlers-handbook-
418733901
4188NO.457 In both pharming and phishing attacks an attacker can create websites that look similar to
4189legitimate sites with the intent of collecting personal identifiable information from its victims. What is
4190the difference between pharming and phishing attacks?
4191A. In a pharming attack a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration
4192file or by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a phishing attack an attacker provides the victim with a
4193URL that is either misspelled or looks similar to the actual websites domain name.
4194B. Both pharming and phishing attacks are purely technical and are not considered forms of social
4195engineering.
4196C. Both pharming and phishing attacks are identical.
4197D. In a phishing attack a victim is redirected to a fake website by modifying their host configuration
4198file or by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS. In a pharming attack an attacker provides the victim with a
4199URL that is either misspelled or looks very similar to the actual websites domain name.
4200Answer: A
4201NO.458 While you were gathering information as part of security assessments for one of your
4202clients, you were able to gather data that show your client is involved with fraudulent activities. What
4203should you do?
4204115IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4205A. Immediately stop work and contact the proper legal authorities
4206B. Ignore the data and continue the assessment until completed as agreed
4207C. Confront the client in a respectful manner and ask her about the data
4208D. Copy the data to removable media and keep it in case you need it
4209Answer: A
4210NO.459 A tester has been hired to do a web application security test. The tester notices that the site
4211is dynamic and must make use of a back end database.
4212In order for the tester to see if SQL injection is possible, what is the first character that the tester
4213should use to attempt breaking a valid SQL request?
4214A. Semicolon
4215B. Single quote
4216C. Exclamation mark
4217D. Double quote
4218Answer: B
4219NO.460 While
4220using your bank's online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar:
4221"http://www.MyPersonalBank.com/account?id=368940911028389
4222& Damount=10980&Camount=21"
4223You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on
4224the web page reflect the changes.
4225Which type of vulnerability is present on this site?
4226A. Web Parameter Tampering
4227B. Cookie Tampering
4228C. XSS Reflection
4229D. SQL injection
4230Answer: A
4231Explanation
4232The Web Parameter Tampering attack is based on the manipulation of parameters exchanged
4233between client and server in order to modify application data, such as user credentials and
4234permissions, price and quantity of products, etc. Usually, this information is stored in cookies, hidden
4235form fields, or URL Query Strings, and is used to increase application functionality and control.
4236References: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Web_Parameter_Tampering
4237NO.461 When does the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) require
4238organizations to perform external and internal penetration testing?
4239A. At least once a year and after any significant upgrade or modification
4240B. At least once every three years or after any significant upgrade or modification
4241C. At least twice a year or after any significant upgrade or modification
4242D. At least once every two years and after any significant upgrade or modification
4243Answer: A
4244NO.462 A covert channel is a channel that
4245116IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4246A. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is outside of the security
4247policy.
4248B. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is within the security policy
4249.
4250C. transfers information via a communication path within a computer system, or network for transfer
4251of data.
4252D. transfers information over, within a computer system, or network that is encrypted.
4253Answer: A
4254NO.463 Which of the following scanning method splits the TCP header into several packets and
4255makes it difficult for packet filters to detect the purpose of the packet?
4256A. ICMP Echo scanning
4257B. SYN/FIN scanning using IP fragments
4258C. ACK flag probe scanning
4259D. IPID scanning
4260Answer: B
4261NO.464 Which of the following parameters describe LM Hash (see exhibit):
4262Exhibit:
4263A. I, II, and III
4264B. I
4265C. II
4266D. I and II
4267Answer: A
4268Explanation
4269The LM hash is computed as follows:
42701. The user's password is restricted to a maximum of fourteen characters.
42712. The user's password is converted to uppercase.
4272Etc.
427314 character Windows passwords, which are stored with LM Hash, can be cracked in five seconds.
4274References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LM_hash
4275NO.465 A hacker was able to sniff packets on a company's wireless network. The following
4276information was discovered:
4277Using the Exlcusive OR, what was the original message?
4278A. 00101000 11101110
4279117IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4280B. 11010111 00010001
4281C. 00001101 10100100
4282D. 11110010 01011011
4283Answer: B
4284NO.466 Which of the following is a form of penetration testing that relies heavily on human
4285interaction and often involves tricking people into breaking normal security procedures?
4286A. Social Engineering
4287B. Piggybacking
4288C. Tailgating
4289D. Eavesdropping
4290Answer: A
4291NO.467 This asymmetry cipher is based on factoring the product of two large prime numbers.
4292What cipher is described above?
4293A. RSA
4294B. SHA
4295C. RC5
4296D. MD5
4297Answer: A
4298Explanation
4299RSA is based on the practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the
4300factoring problem.
4301Note: A user of RSA creates and then publishes a public key based on two large prime numbers, along
4302with an auxiliary value. The prime numbers must be kept secret. Anyone can use the public key to
4303encrypt a message, but with currently published methods, if the public key is large enough, only
4304someone with knowledge of the prime numbers can feasibly decode the message.
4305References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)
4306NO.468 Which property ensures that a hash function will not produce the same hashed value for
4307two different messages?
4308A. Collision resistance
4309B. Bit length
4310C. Key strength
4311D. Entropy
4312Answer: A
4313NO.469 Assume a business-crucial web-site of some company that is used to sell handsets to the
4314customers worldwide.
4315All the developed components are reviewed by the security team on a monthly basis. In order to
4316drive business further, the web-site developers decided to add some 3rd party marketing tools on it.
4317The tools are written in JavaScript and can track the customer's activity on the site. These tools are
4318located on the servers of the marketing company.
4319What is the main security risk associated with this scenario?
4320118IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4321A. External script contents could be maliciously modified without the security team knowledge
4322B. External scripts have direct access to the company servers and can steal the data from there
4323C. There is no risk at all as the marketing services are trustworthy
4324D. External scripts increase the outbound company data traffic which leads greater financial losses
4325Answer: A
4326NO.470 What attack is used to crack passwords by using a precomputed table of hashed passwords?
4327A. Brute Force Attack
4328B. Hybrid Attack
4329C. Rainbow Table Attack
4330D. Dictionary Attack
4331Answer: C
4332NO.471 A Security Engineer at a medium-sized accounting firm has been tasked with discovering
4333how much information can be obtained from the firm's public facing web servers. The engineer
4334decides to start by using netcat to port 80.
4335The engineer receives this output:
4336Which of the following is an example of what the engineer performed?
4337A. Cross-site scripting
4338B. Banner grabbing
4339C. SQL injection
4340D. Whois database query
4341Answer: B
4342NO.472 Which of the following is an adaptive SQL Injection testing technique used to discover
4343coding errors by inputting massive amounts of random data and observing the changes in the
4344output?
4345A. Function Testing
4346B. Dynamic Testing
4347C. Static Testing
4348D. Fuzzing Testing
4349Answer: D
4350NO.473 What two conditions must a digital signature meet?
4351A. Has to be unforgeable, and has to be authentic.
4352B. Has to be legible and neat.
4353119IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4354C. Must be unique and have special characters.
4355D. Has to be the same number of characters as a physical signature and must be unique.
4356Answer: A
4357NO.474 Jimmy is standing outside a secure entrance to a facility. He is pretending to have a tense
4358conversation on his cell phone as an authorized employee badges in. Jimmy, while still on the phone,
4359grabs the door as it begins to close.
4360What just happened?
4361A. Piggybacking
4362B. Masqurading
4363C. Phishing
4364D. Whaling
4365Answer: A
4366Explanation
4367In security, piggybacking refers to when a person tags along with another person who is authorized to
4368gain entry into a restricted area, or pass a certain checkpoint.
4369References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggybacking_(security)
4370NO.475 You have the SOA presented below in your Zone.
4371Your secondary servers have not been able to contact your primary server to synchronize
4372information. How long will the secondary servers attempt to contact the primary server before it
4373considers that zone is dead and stops responding to queries?
4374collegae.edu.SOA, cikkye.edu ipad.college.edu. (200302028 3600 3600 604800 3600)
4375A. One day
4376B. One hour
4377C. One week
4378D. One month
4379Answer: C
4380NO.476 Study the log below and identify the scan type.
4381A. nmap -sR 192.168.1.10
4382B. nmap -sS 192.168.1.10
4383C. nmap -sV 192.168.1.10
4384120IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4385D. nmap -sO -T 192.168.1.10
4386Answer: D
4387NO.477 Which technical characteristic do Ethereal/Wireshark, TCPDump, and Snort have in
4388common?
4389A. They are written in Java.
4390B. They send alerts to security monitors.
4391C. They use the same packet analysis engine.
4392D. They use the same packet capture utility.
4393Answer: D
4394NO.478 Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
4395A. Administrative safeguards
4396B. Physical security
4397C. DMZ
4398D. Logical interface
4399Answer: A
4400Explanation
4401Risk assessment include:
4402References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_risk_management#Risk_assessment
4403NO.479 What is the outcome of the comm"nc -l -p 2222 | nc 10.1.0.43 1234"?
4404A. Netcat will listen on the 10.1.0.43 interface for 1234 seconds on port 2222.
4405B. Netcat will listen on port 2222 and output anything received to a remote connection on 10.1.0.43
4406port
44071234.
4408C. Netcat will listen for a connection from 10.1.0.43 on port 1234 and output anything received to
4409port
44102222.
4411D. Netcat will listen on port 2222 and then output anything received to local interface 10.1.0.43.
4412Answer: B
4413NO.480 Which type of cryptography does SSL, IKE and PGP belongs to?
4414A. Secret Key
4415B. Hash Algorithm
4416C. Digest
4417D. Public Key
4418Answer: D
4419NO.481 A regional bank hires your company to perform a security assessment on their network after
4420a recent data breach. The attacker was able to steal financial data from the bank by compromising
4421only a single server.
4422Based on this information, what should be one of your key recommendations to the bank?
4423A. Place a front-end web server in a demilitarized zone that only handles external web traffic
4424121IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4425B. Require all employees to change their passwords immediately
4426C. Move the financial data to another server on the same IP subnet
4427D. Issue new certificates to the web servers from the root certificate authority
4428Answer: A
4429Explanation
4430A DMZ or demilitarized zone (sometimes referred to as a perimeter network) is a physical or logical
4431subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization's external-facing services to a larger and
4432untrusted network, usually the Internet. The purpose of a DMZ is to add an additional layer of
4433security to an organization's local area network (LAN); an external network node only has direct
4434access to equipment in the DMZ, rather than any other part of the network.
4435References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ_(computing)
4436NO.482 What ports should be blocked on the firewall to prevent NetBIOS traffic from not coming
4437through the firewall if your network is comprised of Windows NT, 2000, and XP?
4438A. 110
4439B. 135
4440C. 139
4441D. 161
4442E. 445
4443F. 1024
4444Answer: B C E
4445NO.483 In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
4446A. A channel that transfers information within a computer system or network in a way that violates
4447the security policy
4448B. A legitimate communication path within a computer system or network for transfer of data
4449C. It is a kernel operation that hides boot processes and services to mask detection
4450D. It is Reverse tunneling technique that uses HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP protocol to establish
4451connections
4452Answer: A
4453NO.484 To reduce the attack surface of a system, administrators should perform which of the
4454following processes to remove unnecessary software, services, and insecure configuration settings?
4455A. Harvesting
4456B. Windowing
4457C. Hardening
4458D. Stealthing
4459122IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4460Answer: C
4461NO.485 What tool should you use when you need to analyze extracted metadata from files you
4462collected when you were in the initial stage of penetration test (information gathering)?
4463A. Armitage
4464B. Dimitry
4465C. Metagoofil
4466D. cdpsnarf
4467Answer: C
4468NO.486 While checking the settings on the internet browser, a technician finds that the proxy server
4469settings have been checked and a computer is trying to use itself as a proxy server. What specific
4470octet within the subnet does the technician see?
4471A. 10.10.10.10
4472B. 127.0.0.1
4473C. 192.168.1.1
4474D. 192.168.168.168
4475Answer: B
4476NO.487 Which of the following is NOT an ideal choice for biometric controls?
4477A. Iris patterns
4478B. Fingerprints
4479C. Height and weight
4480D. Voice
4481Answer: C
4482NO.488 In an internal security audit, the white hat hacker gains control over a user account and
4483attempts to acquire access to another account's confidential files and information. How can he
4484achieve this?
4485A. Port Scanning
4486B. Hacking Active Directory
4487C. Privilege Escalation
4488D. Shoulder-Surfing
4489Answer: C
4490NO.489 Which of the following is designed to verify and authenticate individuals taking part in a
4491data exchange within an enterprise?
4492A. SOA
4493B. Single-Sign On
4494C. PKI
4495D. Biometrics
4496Answer: C
4497123IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4498NO.490 One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record.
4499What is the TTL? Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800
45002400.)
4501A. 200303028
4502B. 3600
4503C. 604800
4504D. 2400
4505E. 60
4506F. 4800
4507Answer: D
4508NO.491 Which one of the following Google advanced search operators allows an attacker to restrict
4509the results to those websites in the given domain?
4510A. [cache:]
4511B. [site:]
4512C. [inurl:]
4513D. [link:]
4514Answer: B
4515NO.492 Which of the following is a primary service of the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response
4516Team (CSIRT)?
4517A. CSIRT provides an incident response service to enable a reliable and trusted single point of contact
4518for reporting computer security incidents worldwide.
4519B. CSIRT provides a computer security surveillance service to supply a government with important
4520intelligence information on individuals travelling abroad.
4521C. CSIRT provides a penetration testing service to support exception reporting on incidents
4522worldwide by individuals and multi-national corporations.
4523D. CSIRT provides a vulnerability assessment service to assist law enforcement agencies with profiling
4524an individual's property or company's asset.
4525Answer: A
4526NO.493 Which specific element of security testing is being assured by using hash?
4527A. Authentication
4528B. Integrity
4529C. Confidentiality
4530D. Availability
4531Answer: B
4532NO.494 Which of the following Bluetooth hacking techniques does an attacker use to send messages
4533to users without the recipient's consent, similar to email spamming?
4534A. Bluesmacking
4535B. Bluesniffing
4536C. Bluesnarfing
4537124IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4538D. Bluejacking
4539Answer: D
4540NO.495 While performing online banking using a Web browser, Kyle receives an email that contains
4541an image of a well-crafted art. Upon clicking the image, a new tab on the web browser opens and
4542shows an animated GIF of bills and coins being swallowed by a crocodile. After several days, Kyle
4543noticed that all his funds on the bank was gone. What Web browser-based security vulnerability got
4544exploited by the hacker?
4545A. Clickjacking
4546B. Web Form Input Validation
4547C. Cross-Site Request Forgery
4548D. Cross-Site Scripting
4549Answer: C
4550NO.496 Which of the following is the most important phase of ethical hacking wherein you need to
4551spend considerable amount of time?
4552A. Gaining access
4553B. Escalating privileges
4554C. Network mapping
4555D. Footprinting
4556Answer: D
4557NO.497 Vlady works in a fishing company where the majority of the employees have very little
4558understanding of IT let alone IT Security. Several information security issues that Vlady often found
4559includes, employees sharing password, writing his/her password on a post it note and stick it to
4560his/her desk, leaving the computer unlocked, didn't log out from emails or other social media
4561accounts, and etc.
4562After discussing with his boss, Vlady decided to make some changes to improve the security
4563environment in his company. The first thing that Vlady wanted to do is to make the employees
4564understand the importance of keeping confidential information, such as password, a secret and they
4565should not share it with other persons.
4566Which of the following steps should be the first thing that Vlady should do to make the employees in
4567his company understand to importance of keeping confidential information a secret?
4568A. Warning to those who write password on a post it note and put it on his/her desk
4569B. Developing a strict information security policy
4570C. Information security awareness training
4571D. Conducting a one to one discussion with the other employees about the importance of
4572information security
4573Answer: A
4574NO.498 A specific site received 91 ICMP_ECHO packets within 90 minutes from 47 different sites.
457577 of the ICMP_ECHO packets had an ICMP ID:39612 and Seq:57072. 13 of the ICMP_ECHO packets
4576had an ICMP ID:0 and Seq:0. What can you infer from this information?
4577A. The packets were sent by a worm spoofing the IP addresses of 47 infected sites
4578125IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4579B. ICMP ID and Seq numbers were most likely set by a tool and not by the operating system
4580C. All 77 packets came from the same LAN segment and hence had the same ICMP ID and Seq
4581number
4582D. 13 packets were from an external network and probably behind a NAT, as they had an ICMP ID 0
4583and Seq 0
4584Answer: B
4585NO.499 XOR is a common cryptographic tool. 10110001 XOR 00111010 is?
4586A. 10111100
4587B. 11011000
4588C. 10011101
4589D. 10001011
4590Answer: D
4591NO.500 During a penetration test, a tester finds that the web application being analyzed is
4592vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). Which of the following conditions must be met to exploit this
4593vulnerability?
4594A. The web application does not have the secure flag set.
4595B. The session cookies do not have the HttpOnly flag set.
4596C. The victim user should not have an endpoint security solution.
4597D. The victim's browser must have ActiveX technology enabled.
4598Answer: B
4599NO.501 Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the
4600presence of third parties (called adversaries.) More generally, it is about constructing and analyzing
4601protocols that overcome the influence of adversaries and that are related to various aspects in
4602information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation.
4603Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical
4604engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic
4605commerce.
4606Basic example to understand how cryptography works is given below:
4607Which of the following choices is true about cryptography?
4608A. Algorithm is not the secret, key is the secret.
4609B. Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use the different
4610cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext.
4611C. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) use the asymmetric encryption both (public/private key pair) to deliver
4612the shared session key and to achieve a communication way.
4613D. Public-key cryptography, also known as asymmetric cryptography, public key is for decrypt, private
4614key is for encrypt.
4615126IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4616Answer: C
4617NO.502 Which of the following cryptography attack is an understatement for the extraction of
4618cryptographic secrets (e.g. the password to an encrypted file) from a person by a coercion or torture?
4619A. Chosen-Cipher text Attack
4620B. Ciphertext-only Attack
4621C. Timing Attack
4622D. Rubber Hose Attack
4623Answer: D
4624NO.503 Which of the following is a detective control?
4625A. Smart card authentication
4626B. Security policy
4627C. Audit trail
4628D. Continuity of operations plan
4629Answer: C
4630NO.504 Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability?
4631A. Cross-site scripting
4632B. SQL injection
4633C. VPath injection
4634D. XML denial of service issues
4635Answer: D
4636NO.505 Which of the following is considered as one of the most reliable forms of TCP scanning?
4637A. TCP Connect/Full Open Scan
4638B. Half-open Scan
4639C. NULL Scan
4640D. Xmas Scan
4641Answer: A
4642NO.506 Why would you consider sending an email to an address that you know does not exist
4643within the company you are performing a Penetration Test for?
4644A. To determine who is the holder of the root account
4645B. To perform a DoS
4646C. To create needless SPAM
4647D. To illicit a response back that will reveal information about email servers and how they treat
4648undeliverable mail
4649E. To test for virus protection
4650Answer: D
4651NO.507 ........is an attack type for a rogue Wi-Fi access point that appears to be a legitimate one
4652offered on the premises, but actually has been set up to eavesdrop on wireless communications. It is
4653127IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4654the wireless version of the phishing scam. An attacker fools wireless users into connecting a laptop or
4655mobile phone to a tainted hotspot by posing as a legitimate provider. This type of attack may be used
4656to steal the passwords of unsuspecting users by either snooping the communication link or by
4657phishing, which involves setting up a fraudulent web site and luring people there.
4658Fill in the blank with appropriate choice.
4659A. Collision Attack
4660B. Evil Twin Attack
4661C. Sinkhole Attack
4662D. Signal Jamming Attack
4663Answer: B
4664NO.508 Which NMAP feature can a tester implement or adjust while scanning for open ports to
4665avoid detection by the network's IDS?
4666A. Timing options to slow the speed that the port scan is conducted
4667B. Fingerprinting to identify which operating systems are running on the network
4668C. ICMP ping sweep to determine which hosts on the network are not available
4669D. Traceroute to control the path of the packets sent during the scan
4670Answer: A
4671NO.509 Susan has attached to her company's network. She has managed to synchronize her boss's
4672sessions with that of the file server. She then intercepted his traffic destined for the server, changed
4673it the way she wanted to and then placed it on the server in his home directory.
4674What kind of attack is Susan carrying on?
4675A. A sniffing attack
4676B. A spoofing attack
4677C. A man in the middle attack
4678D. A denial of service attack
4679Answer: C
4680NO.510 Matthew received an email with an attachment named "YouWon$10Grand.zip." The zip file
4681contains a file named "HowToClaimYourPrize.docx.exe." Out of excitement and curiosity, Matthew
4682opened the said file.
4683Without his knowledge, the file copies itself to Matthew's APPDATA\IocaI directory and begins to
4684beacon to a Command-and-control server to download additional malicious binaries. What type of
4685malware has Matthew encountered?
4686A. Key-logger
4687B. Trojan
4688C. Worm
4689D. Macro Virus
4690Answer: B
4691NO.511 Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want
4692to launch a sophisticated attack. The Stuxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it
4693used four types of vulnerability.
4694128IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4695What is this style of attack called?
4696A. zero-day
4697B. zero-hour
4698C. zero-sum
4699D. no-day
4700Answer: A
4701Explanation
4702Stuxnet is a malicious computer worm believed to be a jointly built American-Israeli cyber weapon.
4703Exploiting four zero-day flaws, Stuxnet functions by targeting machines using the Microsoft Windows
4704operating system and networks, then seeking out Siemens Step7 software.
4705References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet
4706NO.512 A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks
4707when users access a corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best
4708remediation against this type of attack?
4709A. Implementing server-side PKI certificates for all connections
4710B. Mandating only client-side PKI certificates for all connections
4711C. Requiring client and server PKI certificates for all connections
4712D. Requiring strong authentication for all DNS queries
4713Answer: C
4714NO.513 What is not a PCI compliance recommendation?
4715A. Limit access to card holder data to as few individuals as possible.
4716B. Use encryption to protect all transmission of card holder data over any public network.
4717C. Rotate employees handling credit card transactions on a yearly basis to different departments.
4718D. Use a firewall between the public network and the payment card data.
4719Answer: C
4720NO.514 When you are testing a web application, it is very useful to employ a proxy tool to save
4721every request and response. You can manually test every request and analyze the response to find
4722vulnerabilities. You can test parameter and headers manually to get more precise results than if using
4723web vulnerability scanners.
4724What proxy tool will help you find web vulnerabilities?
4725A. Burpsuite
4726B. Maskgen
4727C. Dimitry
4728D. Proxychains
4729Answer: A
4730Explanation
4731Burp Suite is an integrated platform for performing security testing of web applications. Its various
4732tools work seamlessly together to support the entire testing process, from initial mapping and
4733analysis of an application's attack surface, through to finding and exploiting security vulnerabilities.
4734References: https://portswigger.net/burp/
4735129IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4736NO.515 Which of the following algorithms provides better protection against brute force attacks by
4737using a 160-bit message digest?
4738A. MD5
4739B. SHA-1
4740C. RC4
4741D. MD4
4742Answer: B
4743NO.516 During a penetration test, the tester conducts an ACK scan using NMAP against the external
4744interface of the DMZ firewall. NMAP reports that port 80 is unfiltered. Based on this response, which
4745type of packet inspection is the firewall conducting?
4746A. Host
4747B. Stateful
4748C. Stateless
4749D. Application
4750Answer: C
4751NO.517 Which tool allows analysts and pen testers to examine links between data using graphs and
4752link analysis?
4753A. Maltego
4754B. Cain & Abel
4755C. Metasploit
4756D. Wireshark
4757Answer: A
4758Explanation
4759Maltego is proprietary software used for open-source intelligence and forensics, developed by
4760Paterva.
4761Maltego focuses on providing a library of transforms for discovery of data from open sources, and
4762visualizing that information in a graph format, suitable for link analysis and data mining.
4763References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltego
4764NO.518 This configuration allows NIC to pass all traffic it receives to the Central Processing Unit
4765(CPU), instead of passing only the frames that the controller is intended to receive. Select the option
4766that BEST describes the above statement.
4767A. Multi-cast mode
4768B. WEM
4769C. Promiscuous mode
4770D. Port forwarding
4771Answer: C
4772NO.519 Yancey is a network security administrator for a large electric company. This company
4773provides power for over 100, 000 people in Las Vegas. Yancey has worked for his company for over
477415 years and has become very successful. One day, Yancey comes in to work and finds out that the
4775company will be downsizing and he will be out of a job in two weeks. Yancey is very angry and
4776130IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4777decides to place logic bombs, viruses, Trojans, and backdoors all over the network to take down the
4778company once he has left. Yancey does not care if his actions land him in jail for 30 or more years, he
4779just wants the company to pay for what they are doing to him.
4780What would Yancey be considered?
4781A. Yancey would be considered a Suicide Hacker
4782B. Since he does not care about going to jail, he would be considered a Black Hat
4783C. Because Yancey works for the company currently; he would be a White Hat
4784D. Yancey is a Hacktivist Hacker since he is standing up to a company that is downsizing
4785Answer: A
4786NO.520 An enterprise recently moved to a new office and the new neighborhood is a little risky. The
4787CEO wants to monitor the physical perimeter and the entrance doors 24 hours. What is the best
4788option to do this job?
4789A. Use fences in the entrance doors.
4790B. Install a CCTV with cameras pointing to the entrance doors and the street.
4791C. Use an IDS in the entrance doors and install some of them near the corners.
4792D. Use lights in all the entrance doors and along the company's perimeter.
4793Answer: B
4794NO.521 What technique is used to perform a Connection Stream Parameter Pollution (CSPP) attack?
4795A. Injecting parameters into a connection string using semicolons as a separator
4796B. Inserting malicious Javascript code into input parameters
4797C. Setting a user's session identifier (SID) to an explicit known value
4798D. Adding multiple parameters with the same name in HTTP requests
4799Answer: A
4800NO.522 You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like
4801to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
4802What is the best nmap command you will use?
4803A. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
4804B. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
4805C. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
4806D. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
4807Answer: A
4808Explanation
4809command = nmap -T4 -F
4810description = This scan is faster than a normal scan because it uses the aggressive timing template
4811and scans fewer ports.
4812References: https://svn.nmap.org/nmap/zenmap/share/zenmap/config/scan_profile.usp
4813NO.523 Suppose you've gained access to your client's hybrid network. On which port should you
4814listen to in order to know which Microsoft Windows workstations has its file sharing enabled?
4815A. 1433
4816B. 161
4817131IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4818C. 445
4819D. 3389
4820Answer: C
4821NO.524 The company ABC recently discovered that their new product was released by the
4822opposition before their premiere. They contract an investigator who discovered that the maid threw
4823away papers with confidential information about the new product and the opposition found it in the
4824garbage. What is the name of the technique used by the opposition?
4825A. Hack attack
4826B. Sniffing
4827C. Dumpster diving
4828D. Spying
4829Answer: C
4830NO.525 When you return to your desk after a lunch break, you notice a strange email in your inbox.
4831The sender is someone you did business with recently, but the subject line has strange characters in
4832it.
4833What should you do?
4834A. Forward the message to your company's security response team and permanently delete the
4835message from your computer.
4836B. Reply to the sender and ask them for more information about the message contents.
4837C. Delete the email and pretend nothing happened
4838D. Forward the message to your supervisor and ask for her opinion on how to handle the situation
4839Answer: A
4840Explanation
4841By setting up an email address for your users to forward any suspicious email to, the emails can be
4842automatically scanned and replied to, with security incidents created to follow up on any emails with
4843attached malware or links to known bad websites.
4844References:
4845https://docs.servicenow.com/bundle/helsinki-security-management/page/product/threat-
4846intelligence/task/t_Confi
4847NO.526 Which of the following is a symmetric cryptographic standard?
4848A. DSA
4849B. PKI
4850C. RSA
4851D. 3DES
4852Answer: D
4853NO.527 In this attack, a victim receives an e-mail claiming from PayPal stating that their account has
4854been disabled and confirmation is required before activation. The attackers then scam to collect not
4855one but two credit card numbers, ATM PIN number and other personal details. Ignorant users usually
4856fall prey to this scam.
4857Which of the following statement is incorrect related to this attack?
4858132IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4859A. Do not reply to email messages or popup ads asking for personal or financial information
4860B. Do not trust telephone numbers in e-mails or popup ads
4861C. Review credit card and bank account statements regularly
4862D. Antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewall software can very easily detect these type of attacks
4863E. Do not send credit card numbers, and personal or financial information via e-mail
4864Answer: D
4865NO.528 ICMP ping and ping sweeps are used to check for active systems and to check
4866A. if ICMP ping traverses a firewall.
4867B. the route that the ICMP ping took.
4868C. the location of the switchport in relation to the ICMP ping.
4869D. the number of hops an ICMP ping takes to reach a destination.
4870Answer: A
4871NO.529 While conducting a penetration test, the tester determines that there is a firewall between
4872the tester's machine and the target machine. The firewall is only monitoring TCP handshaking of
4873packets at the session layer of the OSI model. Which type of firewall is the tester trying to traverse?
4874A. Packet filtering firewall
4875B. Application-level firewall
4876C. Circuit-level gateway firewall
4877D. Stateful multilayer inspection firewall
4878Answer: C
4879NO.530 A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several
4880ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed.
4881Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target
4882machine by the OS?
4883A. The host is likely a printer.
4884B. The host is likely a Windows machine.
4885C. The host is likely a Linux machine.
4886D. The host is likely a router.
4887Answer: A
4888Explanation
4889133IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4890The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) uses port 631.
4891References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
4892NO.531 DHCP snooping is a great solution to prevent rogue DHCP servers on your network. Which
4893security feature on switches leverages the DHCP snooping database to help prevent man-in-the-
4894middle attacks?
4895A. Port security
4896B. A Layer 2 Attack Prevention Protocol (LAPP)
4897C. Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI)
4898D. Spanning tree
4899Answer: C
4900NO.532 What would you enter, if you wanted to perform a stealth scan using Nmap?
4901A. nmap -sU
4902B. nmap -sS
4903C. nmap -sM
4904D. nmap -sT
4905Answer: B
4906NO.533 Which of the following conditions must be given to allow a tester to exploit a Cross-Site
4907Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerable web application?
4908A. The victim user must open the malicious link with an Internet Explorer prior to version 8.
4909B. The session cookies generated by the application do not have the HttpOnly flag set.
4910C. The victim user must open the malicious link with a Firefox prior to version 3.
4911D. The web application should not use random tokens.
4912Answer: D
4913NO.534 What is the best Nmap command to use when you want to list all devices in the same
4914network quickly after you successfully identified a server whose IP address is 10.10.0.5?
4915A. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
4916B. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
4917C. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
4918D. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
4919Answer: A
4920NO.535 In Wireshark, the packet bytes panes show the data of the current packet in which format?
4921A. Decimal
4922B. ASCII only
4923C. Binary
4924D. Hexadecimal
4925Answer: D
4926NO.536 While doing a Black box pen test via the TCP port (80), you noticed that the traffic gets
4927blocked when you tried to pass IRC traffic from a web enabled host. However, you also noticed that
4928134IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4929outbound HTTP traffic is being allowed. What type of firewall is being utilized for the outbound
4930traffic?
4931A. Stateful
4932B. Application
4933C. Circuit
4934D. Packet Filtering
4935Answer: B
4936NO.537 What is the correct process for the TCP three-way handshake connection establishment and
4937connection termination?
4938A. Connection Establishment: FIN, ACK-FIN, ACKConnection Termination: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
4939B. Connection Establishment: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACKConnection Termination: ACK, ACK-SYN, SYN
4940C. Connection Establishment: ACK, ACK-SYN, SYNConnection Termination: FIN, ACK-FIN, ACK
4941D. Connection Establishment: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACKConnection Termination: FIN, ACK-FIN, ACK
4942Answer: D
4943NO.538 As an Ethical Hacker you are capturing traffic from your customer network with Wireshark
4944and you need to find and verify just SMTP traffic. What command in Wireshark will help you to find
4945this kind of traffic?
4946A. request smtp 25
4947B. tcp.port eq 25
4948C. smtp port
4949D. tcp.contains port 25
4950Answer: B
4951NO.539 Which of the following is a design pattern based on distinct pieces of software providing
4952application functionality as services to other applications?
4953A. Service Oriented Architecture
4954B. Object Oriented Architecture
4955C. Lean Coding
4956D. Agile Process
4957Answer: A
4958Explanation
4959A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern in computer software design in
4960which application components provide services to other components via a communications protocol,
4961typically over a network.
4962References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture
4963NO.540 What is the way to decide how a packet will move from an untrusted outside host to a
4964protected inside that is behind a firewall, which permits the hacker to determine which ports are
4965open and if the packets can pass through the packet-filtering of the firewall?
4966A. Firewalking
4967B. Session hijacking
4968C. Network sniffing
4969135IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
4970D. Man-in-the-middle attack
4971Answer: A
4972NO.541 The collection of potentially actionable, overt, and publicly available information is known
4973as
4974A. Open-source intelligence
4975B. Human intelligence
4976C. Social intelligence
4977D. Real intelligence
4978Answer: A
4979NO.542 Which of the following parameters enables NMAP's operating system detection feature?
4980A. NMAP -sV
4981B. NMAP -oS
4982C. NMAP -sR
4983D. NMAP -O
4984Answer: D
4985NO.543 Which of the following is the structure designed to verify and authenticate the identity of
4986individuals within the enterprise taking part in a data exchange?
4987A. PKI
4988B. single sign on
4989C. biometrics
4990D. SOA
4991Answer: A
4992Explanation
4993A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage,
4994distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates [1] and manage public-key encryption. The
4995purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network
4996activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email.
4997References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure
4998NO.544 What network security concept requires multiple layers of security controls to be placed
4999throughout an IT infrastructure, which improves the security posture of an organization to defend
5000against malicious attacks or potential vulnerabilities?
5001A. Security through obscurity
5002B. Host-Based Intrusion Detection System
5003C. Defense in depth
5004D. Network-Based Intrusion Detection System
5005Answer: C
5006NO.545 An attacker attaches a rogue router in a network. He wants to redirect traffic to a LAN
5007attached to his router as part of a man-in-the-middle attack. What measure on behalf of the
5008legitimate admin can mitigate this attack?
5009136IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5010A. Only using OSPFv3 will mitigate this risk.
5011B. Make sure that legitimate network routers are configured to run routing protocols with
5012authentication.
5013C. Redirection of the traffic cannot happen unless the admin allows it explicitly.
5014D. Disable all routing protocols and only use static routes.
5015Answer: B
5016NO.546 Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing security testing methodologies to conduct
5017a security audit?
5018A. They provide a repeatable framework.
5019B. Anyone can run the command line scripts.
5020C. They are available at low cost.
5021D. They are subject to government regulation.
5022Answer: A
5023NO.547 Darius is analysing logs from IDS. He want to understand what have triggered one alert and
5024verify if it's true positive or false positive. Looking at the logs he copy and paste basic details like
5025below:
5026source IP: 192.168.21.100
5027source port: 80
5028destination IP: 192.168.10.23
5029destination port: 63221
5030What is the most proper answer.
5031A. This is most probably true negative.
5032B. This is most probably true positive which triggered on secure communication between client and
5033server.
5034C. This is most probably false-positive, because an alert triggered on reversed traffic.
5035D. This is most probably false-positive because IDS is monitoring one direction traffic.
5036Answer: A
5037NO.548 You are tasked to perform a penetration test. While you are performing information
5038gathering, you find an employee list in Google. You find the receptionist's email, and you send her an
5039email changing the source email to her boss's email( boss@company ). In this email, you ask for a pdf
5040with information. She reads your email and sends back a pdf with links. You exchange the pdf links
5041with your malicious links (these links contain malware) and send back the modified pdf, saying that
5042the links don't work. She reads your email, opens the links, and her machine gets infected. You now
5043have access to the company network.
5044What testing method did you use?
5045A. Social engineering
5046B. Tailgating
5047C. Piggybacking
5048D. Eavesdropping
5049Answer: A
5050Explanation
5051137IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5052Social engineering, in the context of information security, refers to psychological manipulation of
5053people into performing actions or divulging confidential information. A type of confidence trick for
5054the purpose of information gathering, fraud, or system access, it differs from a traditional "con" in
5055that it is often one of many steps in a more complex fraud scheme.
5056NO.549 SNMP is a protocol used to query hosts, servers, and devices about performance or health
5057status data. This protocol has long been used by hackers to gather great amount of information
5058about remote hosts. Which of the following features makes this possible? (Choose two.)
5059A. It used TCP as the underlying protocol.
5060B. It uses community string that is transmitted in clear text.
5061C. It is susceptible to sniffing.
5062D. It is used by all network devices on the market.
5063Answer: B D
5064NO.550 Firewalk has just completed the second phase (the scanning phase) and a technician
5065receives the output shown below. What conclusions can be drawn based on these scan results?
5066A. The firewall itself is blocking ports 21 through 23 and a service is listening on port 23 of the target
5067host.
5068B. The lack of response from ports 21 and 22 indicate that those services are not running on the
5069destination server.
5070C. The scan on port 23 passed through the filtering device. This indicates that port 23 was not
5071blocked at the firewall.
5072D. The scan on port 23 was able to make a connection to the destination host prompting the firewall
5073to respond with a TTL error.
5074Answer: C
5075NO.551 Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
5076A. Physical security
5077B. Administrative safeguards
5078C. DMZ
5079D. Logical interface
5080Answer: B
5081NO.552 Which cipher encrypts the plain text digit (bit or byte) one by one?
5082A. Classical cipher
5083B. Block cipher
5084C. Modern cipher
5085D. Stream cipher
5086Answer: D
5087NO.553 Which type of access control is used on a router or firewall to limit network activity?
5088138IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5089A. Mandatory
5090B. Discretionary
5091C. Rule-based
5092D. Role-based
5093Answer: C
5094NO.554 If a token and 4-digit personal identification number (PIN) are used to access a computer
5095system and the token performs off-line checking for the correct PIN, what type of attack is possible?
5096A. Birthday
5097B. Brute force
5098C. Man-in-the-middle
5099D. Smurf
5100Answer: B
5101NO.555 Which of the following is designed to identify malicious attempts to penetrate systems?
5102A. Intrusion Detection System
5103B. Firewall
5104C. Proxy
5105D. Router
5106Answer: A
5107Explanation
5108An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network or
5109system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces electronic reports to a
5110management station.
5111References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system
5112NO.556 Which of the following is assured by the use of a hash?
5113A. Integrity
5114B. Confidentiality
5115C. Authentication
5116D. Availability
5117Answer: A
5118Explanation
5119An important application of secure hashes is verification of message integrity. Determining whether
5120any changes have been made to a message (or a file), for example, can be accomplished by
5121comparing message digests calculated before, and after, transmission (or any other event).
5122References:
5123https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function#Verifying_the_integrity_of_files_or_mes
5124sages
5125NO.557 What is the minimum number of network connections in a multi homed firewall?
5126A. 3
5127B. 5
5128C. 4
5129139IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5130D. 2
5131Answer: A
5132NO.558 How does the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work?
5133A. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific
5134IP.
5135B. It sends a reply packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP.
5136C. It sends a reply packet for a specific IP, asking for the MAC address.
5137D. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the domain name from a specific
5138IP.
5139Answer: A
5140Explanation
5141When an incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular local area network arrives at a
5142gateway, the gateway asks the ARP program to find a physical host or MAC address that matches the
5143IP address. The ARP program looks in the ARP cache and, if it finds the address, provides it so that the
5144packet can be converted to the right packet length and format and sent to the machine. If no entry is
5145found for the IP address, ARP broadcasts a request packet in a special format to all the machines on
5146the LAN to see if one machine knows that it has that IP address associated with it. A machine that
5147recognizes the IP address as its own returns a reply so indicating. ARP updates the ARP cache for
5148future reference and then sends the packet to the MAC address that replied.
5149References:
5150http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Address-Resolution-Protocol-ARP
5151NO.559 Which security strategy requires using several, varying methods to protect IT systems
5152against attacks?
5153A. Defense in depth
5154B. Three-way handshake
5155C. Covert channels
5156D. Exponential backoff algorithm
5157Answer: A
5158NO.560 Which of the following techniques does a vulnerability scanner use in order to detect a
5159vulnerability on a target service?
5160A. Port scanning
5161B. Banner grabbing
5162C. Injecting arbitrary data
5163D. Analyzing service response
5164Answer: D
5165NO.561 How can you determine if an LM hash you extracted contains a password that is less than 8
5166characters long?
5167A. There is no way to tell because a hash cannot be reversed
5168B. The right most portion of the hash is always the same
5169C. The hash always starts with AB923D
5170140IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5171D. The left most portion of the hash is always the same
5172E. A portion of the hash will be all 0's
5173Answer: B
5174NO.562 Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?
5175A. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)
5176B. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
5177C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
5178D. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)
5179Answer: D
5180NO.563
5181Identify the correct terminology that defines the above statement.
5182A. Vulnerability Scanning
5183B. Penetration Testing
5184C. Security Policy Implementation
5185D. Designing Network Security
5186Answer: B
5187NO.564 An attacker tries to do banner grabbing on a remote web server and executes the following
5188command.
5189Service
5190detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/.
5191Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.42 seconds
5192What did the hacker accomplish?
5193A. nmap can't retrieve the version number of any running remote service.
5194B. The hacker successfully completed the banner grabbing.
5195C. The hacker should've used nmap -O host.domain.com.
5196D. The hacker failed to do banner grabbing as he didn't get the version of the Apache web server.
5197Answer: B
5198NO.565 What is the main difference between a "Normal" SQL Injection and a "Blind" SQL Injection
5199vulnerability?
5200A. The request to the web server is not visible to the administrator of the vulnerable application.
5201B. The attack is called "Blind" because, although the application properly filters user input, it is still
5202141IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5203vulnerable to code injection.
5204C. The successful attack does not show an error message to the administrator of the affected
5205application.
5206D. The vulnerable application does not display errors with information about the injection results to
5207the attacker.
5208Answer: D
5209NO.566 Fingerprinting an Operating System helps a cracker because:
5210A. It defines exactly what software you have installed
5211B. It opens a security-delayed window based on the port being scanned
5212C. It doesn't depend on the patches that have been applied to fix existing security holes
5213D. It informs the cracker of which vulnerabilities he may be able to exploit on your system
5214Answer: D
5215NO.567 You are attempting to man-in-the-middle a session. Which protocol will allow you to guess a
5216sequence number?
5217A. TCP
5218B. UPD
5219C. ICMP
5220D. UPX
5221Answer: A
5222Explanation
5223At the establishment of a TCP session the client starts by sending a SYN-packet (SYN=synchronize)
5224with a sequence number. To hijack a session it is required to send a packet with a right seq-number,
5225otherwise they are dropped.
5226References: https://www.exploit-db.com/papers/13587/
5227NO.568 First thing you do every office day is to check your email inbox. One morning, you received
5228an email from your best friend and the subject line is quite strange. What should you do?
5229A. Delete the email and pretend nothing happened.
5230B. Forward the message to your supervisor and ask for her opinion on how to handle the situation.
5231C. Forward the message to your company's security response team and permanently delete the
5232messagefrom your computer.
5233D. Reply to the sender and ask them for more information about the message contents.
5234Answer: C
5235NO.569 During a blackbox pen test you attempt to pass IRC traffic over port 80/TCP from a
5236compromised web enabled host. The traffic gets blocked; however, outbound HTTP traffic is
5237unimpeded.
5238What type of firewall is inspecting outbound traffic?
5239A. Application
5240B. Circuit
5241C. Stateful
5242D. Packet Filtering
5243142IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5244Answer: A
5245Explanation
5246An application firewall is an enhanced firewall that limits access by applications to the operating
5247system (OS) of a computer. Conventional firewalls merely control the flow of data to and from the
5248central processing unit (CPU), examining each packet and determining whether or not to forward it
5249toward a particular destination.
5250An application firewall offers additional protection by controlling the execution of files or the
5251handling of data by specific applications.
5252References:
5253http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/application-firewall
5254NO.570 Neil notices that a single address is generating traffic from its port 500 to port 500 of several
5255other machines on the network. This scan is eating up most of the network bandwidth and Neil is
5256concerned. As a security professional, what would you infer from this scan?
5257A. It is a network fault and the originating machine is in a network loop
5258B. It is a worm that is malfunctioning or hardcoded to scan on port 500
5259C. The attacker is trying to detect machines on the network which have SSL enabled
5260D. The attacker is trying to determine the type of VPN implementation and checking for IPSec
5261Answer: D
5262NO.571 Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using obstructed URL:
5263How would you protect from these attacks?
5264A. Configure the Web Server to deny requests involving "hex encoded" characters
5265B. Create rules in IDS to alert on strange Unicode requests
5266C. Use SSL authentication on Web Servers
5267D. Enable Active Scripts Detection at the firewall and routers
5268Answer: B
5269NO.572 Which of the following does proper basic configuration of snort as a network intrusion
5270detection system require?
5271A. Limit the packets captured to the snort configuration file.
5272B. Capture every packet on the network segment.
5273C. Limit the packets captured to a single segment.
5274D. Limit the packets captured to the /var/log/snort directory.
5275Answer: A
5276143IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5277NO.573 Defining rules, collaborating human workforce, creating a backup plan, and testing the plans
5278are within what phase of the Incident Handling Process?
5279A. Preparation phase
5280B. Containment phase
5281C. Recovery phase
5282D. Identification phase
5283Answer: A
5284NO.574 Which of the following BEST describes how Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) works?
5285A. It sends a reply packet for a specific IP, asking for the MAC address
5286B. It sends a reply packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific IP
5287C. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the domain name from a specific
5288IP
5289D. It sends a request packet to all the network elements, asking for the MAC address from a specific
5290IP
5291Answer: D
5292NO.575 It is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows mobile phones,
5293computers and other devices to connect and communicate. This technology intends to replace cables
5294connecting portable devices with high regards to security.
5295A. Bluetooth
5296B. Radio-Frequency Identification
5297C. WLAN
5298D. InfraRed
5299Answer: A
5300NO.576 What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing?
5301A. The tester will have an actual security posture visibility of the target network.
5302B. Network security would be in a "best state" posture.
5303C. It is best to catch critical infrastructure unpatched.
5304D. The tester could not provide an honest analysis.
5305Answer: A
5306Explanation
5307Real life attacks will always come without expectation and they will often arrive in ways that are
5308highly creative and very hard to plan for at all. This is, after all, exactly how hackers continue to
5309succeed against network security systems, despite the billions invested in the data protection
5310industry.
5311A possible solution to this danger is to conduct intermittent "unannounced" penentration tests
5312whose scheduling and occurrence is only known to the hired attackers and upper management staff
5313instead of every security employee, as would be the case with "announced" penetration tests that
5314everyone has planned for in advance. The former may be better at detecting realistic weaknesses.
5315References:
5316http://www.sitepronews.com/2013/03/20/the-pros-and-cons-of-penetration-testing/
5317144IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5318NO.577 A hacker was able to easily gain access to a website. He was able to log in via the frontend
5319user login form of the website using default or commonly used credentials. This exploitation is an
5320example of what Software design flaw?
5321A. Insufficient security management
5322B. Insufficient database hardening
5323C. Insufficient input validation
5324D. Insufficient exception handling
5325Answer: B
5326NO.578 When an alert rule is matched in a network-based IDS like snort, the IDS does which of the
5327following?
5328A. Drops the packet and moves on to the next one
5329B. Continues to evaluate the packet until all rules are checked
5330C. Stops checking rules, sends an alert, and lets the packet continue
5331D. Blocks the connection with the source IP address in the packet
5332Answer: B
5333NO.579 If there is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in intranet, which port scanning technique
5334cannot be used?
5335A. Spoof Scan
5336B. TCP Connect scan
5337C. TCP SYN
5338D. Idle Scan
5339Answer: C
5340NO.580 You are performing information gathering for an important penetration test. You have
5341found pdf, doc, and images in your objective. You decide to extract metadata from these files and
5342analyze it.
5343What tool will help you with the task?
5344A. Metagoofil
5345B. Armitage
5346C. Dimitry
5347D. cdpsnarf
5348Answer: A
5349Explanation
5350Metagoofil is an information gathering tool designed for extracting metadata of public documents
5351(pdf,doc,xls,ppt,docx,pptx,xlsx) belonging to a target company.
5352Metagoofil will perform a search in Google to identify and download the documents to local disk and
5353then will extract the metadata with different libraries like Hachoir, PdfMiner? and others. With the
5354results it will generate a report with usernames, software versions and servers or machine names
5355that will help Penetration testers in the information gathering phase.
5356References:
5357http://www.edge-security.com/metagoofil.php
5358145IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5359NO.581 The network administrator contacts you and tells you that she noticed the temperature on
5360the internal wireless router increases by more than 20% during weekend hours when the office was
5361closed. She asks you to investigate the issue because she is busy dealing with a big conference and
5362she doesn't have time to perform the task.
5363What tool can you use to view the network traffic being sent and received by the wireless router?
5364A. Wireshark
5365B. Nessus
5366C. Netcat
5367D. Netstat
5368Answer: A
5369Explanation
5370Wireshark is a Free and open source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis,
5371software and communications protocol development, and education.
5372NO.582 This tool is an 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK keys cracking program that can recover keys once
5373enough data packets have been captured. It implements the standard FMS attack along with some
5374optimizations like KoreK attacks, as well as the PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster
5375compared to other WEP cracking tools.
5376Which of the following tools is being described?
5377A. Aircrack-ng
5378B. Airguard
5379C. WLAN-crack
5380D. wificracker
5381Answer: A
5382Explanation
5383Aircrack-ng is a complete suite of tools to assess WiFi network security.
5384The default cracking method of Aircrack-ng is PTW, but Aircrack-ng can also use the FMS/KoreK
5385method, which incorporates various statistical attacks to discover the WEP key and uses these in
5386combination with brute forcing.
5387References:
5388http://www.aircrack-ng.org/doku.php?id=aircrack-ng
5389NO.583 An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user
5390attempts to go to
5391"www.MyPersonalBank.com", that the user is directed to a phishing site.
5392Which file does the attacker need to modify?
5393A. Hosts
5394B. Sudoers
5395C. Boot.ini
5396D. Networks
5397Answer: A
5398Explanation
5399The hosts file is a computer file used by an operating system to map hostnames to IP addresses. The
5400hosts file contains lines of text consisting of an IP address in the first text field followed by one or
5401146IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5402more host names.
5403References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)
5404NO.584 Bob is going to perform an active session hijack against Brownies Inc. He has found a target
5405that allows session oriented connections (Telnet) and performs the sequence prediction on the target
5406operating system. He manages to find an active session due to the high level of traffic on the
5407network. What is Bob supposed to do next?
5408A. Take over the session
5409B. Reverse sequence prediction
5410C. Guess the sequence numbers
5411D. Take one of the parties offline
5412Answer: C
5413NO.585 The security concept of "separation of duties" is most similar to the operation of which type
5414of security device?
5415A. Firewall
5416B. Bastion host
5417C. Intrusion Detection System
5418D. Honeypot
5419Answer: A
5420Explanation
5421In most enterprises the engineer making a firewall change is also the one reviewing the firewall
5422metrics for unauthorized changes. What if the firewall administrator wanted to hide something? How
5423would anyone ever find out? This is where the separation of duties comes in to focus on the
5424responsibilities of tasks within security.
5425References:
5426http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/Modern-security-management-strategy-requires-security-
5427separation-of-du
5428NO.586 From the following table, identify the wrong answer in terms of Range (ft).
5429A. 802.11b
5430B. 802.11g
5431C. 802.16(WiMax)
5432D. 802.11a
5433Answer: D
5434NO.587 You've just been hired to perform a pen test on an organization that has been subjected to a
5435large-scale attack.
5436The CIO is concerned with mitigating threats and vulnerabilities to totally eliminate risk.
5437147IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5438What is one of the first things you should do when given the job?
5439A. Explain to the CIO that you cannot eliminate all risk, but you will be able to reduce risk to
5440acceptable levels.
5441B. Interview all employees in the company to rule out possible insider threats.
5442C. Establish attribution to suspected attackers.
5443D. Start the wireshark application to start sniffing network traffic.
5444Answer: A
5445Explanation
5446The goals of penetration tests are:
5447References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetration_test
5448NO.588 Why containers are less secure that virtual machines?
5449A. Host OS on containers has a larger surface attack.
5450B. Containers may full fill disk space of the host.
5451C. A compromise container may cause a CPU starvation of the host.
5452D. Containers are attached to the same virtual network.
5453Answer: A
5454NO.589 To maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, a security audit of the systems on a
5455network must be performed to determine their compliance with security policies. Which one of the
5456following tools would most likely be used in such an audit?
5457A. Vulnerability scanner
5458B. Protocol analyzer
5459C. Port scanner
5460D. Intrusion Detection System
5461Answer: A
5462Explanation
5463A vulnerability scanner is a computer program designed to assess computers, computer systems,
5464networks or applications for weaknesses.
5465They can be run either as part of vulnerability management by those tasked with protecting systems -
5466or by black hat attackers looking to gain unauthorized access.
5467References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerability_scanner
5468NO.590 You have retrieved the raw hash values from a Windows 2000 Domain Controller. Using
5469social engineering, you come to know that they are enforcing strong passwords. You understand that
5470all users are required to use passwords that are at least 8 characters in length. All passwords must
5471also use 3 of the 4 following categories:
5472lower case letters, capital letters, numbers and special characters. With your existing knowledge of
5473users, likely user account names and the possibility that they will choose the easiest passwords
5474possible, what would be the fastest type of password cracking attack you can run against these hash
5475values and still get results?
5476A. Online Attack
5477B. Dictionary Attack
5478C. Brute Force Attack
5479148IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5480D. Hybrid Attack
5481Answer: D
5482NO.591 When you are collecting information to perform a data analysis, Google commands are very
5483useful to find sensitive information and files. These files may contain information about passwords,
5484system functions, or documentation.
5485What command will help you to search files using Google as a search engine?
5486A. site: target.com filetype:xls username password email
5487B. inurl: target.com filename:xls username password email
5488C. domain: target.com archive:xls username password email
5489D. site: target.com file:xls username password email
5490Answer: A
5491Explanation
5492If you include site: in your query, Google will restrict your search results to the site or domain you
5493specify.
5494If you include filetype:suffix in your query, Google will restrict the results to pages whose names end
5495in suffix. For example, [ web page evaluation checklist filetype:pdf ] will return Adobe Acrobat pdf
5496files that match the terms "web," "page," "evaluation," and "checklist." References:
5497http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html
5498NO.592 Which Metasploit Framework tool can help penetration tester for evading Anti-virus
5499Systems?
5500A. msfpayload
5501B. msfcli
5502C. msfencode
5503D. msfd
5504Answer: C
5505NO.593 Sandra has been actively scanning the client network on which she is doing a vulnerability
5506assessment test.
5507While conducting a port scan she notices open ports in the range of 135 to 139.
5508What protocol is most likely to be listening on those ports?
5509A. Finger
5510B. FTP
5511C. Samba
5512D. SMB
5513Answer: D
5514NO.594 At a Windows Server command prompt, which command could be used to list the running
5515services?
5516A. Sc query type= running
5517B. Sc query \\servername
5518C. Sc query
5519D. Sc config
5520149IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5521Answer: C
5522NO.595 The fundamental difference between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic systems
5523is that symmetric key cryptography uses which of the following?
5524A. Multiple keys for non-repudiation of bulk data
5525B. Different keys on both ends of the transport medium
5526C. Bulk encryption for data transmission over fiber
5527D. The same key on each end of the transmission medium
5528Answer: D
5529NO.596 What mechanism in Windows prevents a user from accidentally executing a potentially
5530malicious batch (.bat) or PowerShell (.ps1) script?
5531A. User Access Control (UAC)
5532B. Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
5533C. Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
5534D. Windows firewall
5535Answer: B
5536NO.597 Knowing the nature of backup tapes, which of the following is the MOST RECOMMENDED
5537way of storing backup tapes?
5538A. In a cool dry environment
5539B. Inside the data center for faster retrieval in a fireproof safe
5540C. In a climate controlled facility offsite
5541D. On a different floor in the same building
5542Answer: C
5543NO.598 Which of the following tools would MOST LIKELY be used to perform security audit on
5544various of forms of network systems?
5545A. Intrusion Detection System
5546B. Vulnerability scanner
5547C. Port scanner
5548D. Protocol analyzer
5549Answer: B
5550NO.599 A company firewall engineer has configured a new DMZ to allow public systems to be
5551located away from the internal network. The engineer has three security zones set:
5552The engineer wants to configure remote desktop access from a fixed IP on the remote network to a
5553remote desktop server in the DMZ. Which rule would best fit this requirement?
5554A. Permit 217.77.88.0/24 11.12.13.0/24 RDP 3389
5555B. Permit 217.77.88.12 11.12.13.50 RDP 3389
5556C. Permit 217.77.88.12 11.12.13.0/24 RDP 3389
5557150IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5558D. Permit 217.77.88.0/24 11.12.13.50 RDP 3389
5559Answer: B
5560NO.600 A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the
5561company's security posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child
5562pornography on the V.P.'s computer.
5563What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?
5564A. Say nothing and continue with the security testing.
5565B. Stop work immediately and contact the authorities.
5566C. Delete the pornography, say nothing, and continue security testing.
5567D. Bring the discovery to the financial organization's human resource department.
5568Answer: B
5569NO.601 Tess King is using the nslookup command to craft queries to list all DNS information (such as
5570Name Servers, host names, MX records, CNAME records, glue records (delegation for child Domains),
5571zone serial number, TimeToLive (TTL) records, etc) for a Domain.
5572What do you think Tess King is trying to accomplish? Select the best answer.
5573A. A zone harvesting
5574B. A zone transfer
5575C. A zone update
5576D. A zone estimate
5577Answer: B
5578NO.602 Which of the following is a protocol specifically designed for transporting event messages?
5579A. SYSLOG
5580B. SMS
5581C. SNMP
5582D. ICMP
5583Answer: A
5584Explanation
5585syslog is a standard for message logging. It permits separation of the software that generates
5586messages, the system that stores them, and the software that reports and analyzes them. Each
5587message is labeled with a facility code, indicating the software type generating the message, and
5588assigned a severity label.
5589References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog#Network_protocol
5590NO.603 Alice encrypts her data using her public key PK and stores the encrypted data in the cloud.
5591Which of the following attack scenarios will compromise the privacy of her data?
5592A. None of these scenarios compromise the privacy of Alice's data
5593B. Agent Andrew subpoenas Alice, forcing her to reveal her private key. However, the cloud server
5594successfully resists Andrew's attempt to access the stored data
5595C. Hacker Harry breaks into the cloud server and steals the encrypted data
5596D. Alice also stores her private key in the cloud, and Harry breaks into the cloud server as before
5597Answer: D
5598151IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5599NO.604 The network administrator at Spears Technology, Inc has configured the default gateway
5600Cisco router's access-list as below:
5601You are hired to conduct security testing on their network.
5602You successfully brute-force the SNMP community string using a SNMP crack tool.
5603The access-list configured at the router prevents you from establishing a successful connection.
5604You want to retrieve the Cisco configuration from the router. How would you proceed?
5605A. Use the Cisco's TFTP default password to connect and download the configuration file
5606B. Run a network sniffer and capture the returned traffic with the configuration file from the router
5607C. Run Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunneling protocol from your computer to the router
5608masking your IP address
5609D. Send a customized SNMP set request with a spoofed source IP address in the range -192.168.1.0
5610Answer: B D
5611NO.605 In order to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets into an
5612organization, what does a firewall check?
5613A. Network layer headers and the session layer port numbers
5614B. Presentation layer headers and the session layer port numbers
5615C. Application layer port numbers and the transport layer headers
5616D. Transport layer port numbers and application layer headers
5617Answer: D
5618NO.606 You have successfully gained access to your client's internal network and successfully
5619comprised a Linux server which is part of the internal IP network. You want to know which Microsoft
5620Windows workstations have file sharing enabled.
5621Which port would you see listening on these Windows machines in the network?
5622A. 445
5623B. 3389
5624C. 161
5625D. 1433
5626Answer: A
5627Explanation
5628The following ports are associated with file sharing and server message block (SMB) communications:
5629References: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/298804
5630NO.607 The following are types of Bluetooth attack EXCEPT_____?
5631A. Bluejacking
5632B. Bluesmaking
5633C. Bluesnarfing
5634D. Bluedriving
5635Answer: D
5636NO.608 Destination unreachable administratively prohibited messages can inform the hacker to
5637what?
5638152IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5639A. That a circuit level proxy has been installed and is filtering traffic
5640B. That his/her scans are being blocked by a honeypot or jail
5641C. That the packets are being malformed by the scanning software
5642D. That a router or other packet-filtering device is blocking traffic
5643E. That the network is functioning normally
5644Answer: D
5645NO.609 A possibly malicious sequence of packets that were sent to a web server has been captured
5646by an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and was saved to a PCAP file. As a network administrator, you
5647need to determine whether this packets are indeed malicious. What tool are you going to use?
5648A. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
5649B. Vulnerability scanner
5650C. Protocol analyzer
5651D. Network sniffer
5652Answer: C
5653NO.610 A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several
5654ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed.
5655Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target
5656machine by the OS?
5657A. The host is likely a Windows machine.
5658B. The host is likely a Linux machine.
5659C. The host is likely a router.
5660D. The host is likely a printer.
5661Answer: D
5662NO.611 Which results will be returned with the following Google search query?
5663site:target.com -site:Marketing.target.com accounting
5664A. Results matching all words in the query
5665B. Results matching "accounting" in domain target.com but not on the site Marketing.target.com
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5667C. Results from matches on the site marketing.target.com that are in the domain target.com but do
5668not include the word accounting
5669D. Results for matches on target.com and Marketing.target.com that include the word "accounting"
5670Answer: B
5671NO.612 What is the most common method to exploit the "Bash Bug" or "ShellShock" vulnerability?
5672A. Through Web servers utilizing CGI (Common Gateway Interface) to send a malformed
5673environment variable to a vulnerable Web server
5674B. Manipulate format strings in text fields
5675C. SSH
5676D. SYN Flood
5677Answer: A
5678Explanation
5679Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, is a family of security bugs in the widely used Unix Bash shell.
5680One specific exploitation vector of the Shellshock bug is CGI-based web servers.
5681Note: When a web server uses the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) to handle a document request,
5682it passes various details of the request to a handler program in the environment variable list. For
5683example, the variable HTTP_USER_AGENT has a value that, in normal usage, identifies the program
5684sending the request. If the request handler is a Bash script, or if it executes one for example using the
5685system call, Bash will receive the environment variables passed by the server and will process them.
5686This provides a means for an attacker to trigger the Shellshock vulnerability with a specially crafted
5687server request.
5688References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)#Specific_exploitation_vectors
5689NO.613 It is an entity or event with the potential to adversely impact a system through unauthorized
5690access, destruction, disclosure, denial of service or modification of data.
5691Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
5692A. Threat
5693B. Attack
5694C. Vulnerability
5695D. Risk
5696Answer: A
5697Explanation
5698A threat is at any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact organizational
5699operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, or individuals
5700through an information system via unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of
5701information, and/or denial of service. Also, the potential for a threat-source to successfully exploit a
5702particular information system vulnerability.
5703References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threat_(computer)
5704NO.614 Which of the following cryptography attack methods is usually performed without the use
5705of a computer?
5706A. Ciphertext-only attack
5707B. Chosen key attack
5708154IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5709C. Rubber hose attack
5710D. Rainbow table attack
5711Answer: C
5712NO.615 Which statement best describes a server type under an N-tier architecture?
5713A. A group of servers at a specific layer
5714B. A single server with a specific role
5715C. A group of servers with a unique role
5716D. A single server at a specific layer
5717Answer: C
5718NO.616 When utilizing technical assessment methods to assess the security posture of a network,
5719which of the following techniques would be most effective in determining whether end-user security
5720training would be beneficial?
5721A. Vulnerability scanning
5722B. Social engineering
5723C. Application security testing
5724D. Network sniffing
5725Answer: B
5726NO.617 Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?
5727A. Network firewalls can prevent attacks because they can detect malicious HTTP traffic.
5728B. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because ports 80 and 443 must be opened.
5729C. Network firewalls can prevent attacks if they are properly configured.
5730D. Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because they are too complex to configure.
5731Answer: B
5732Explanation
5733Network layer firewalls, also called packet filters, operate at a relatively low level of the TCP/IP
5734protocol stack, not allowing packets to pass through the firewall unless they match the established
5735rule set. To prevent Web Application attacks an Application layer firewall would be required.
5736References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)#Network_layer_or_packet_filters
5737NO.618 You work as a Security Analyst for a retail organization. In securing the company's network,
5738you set up a firewall and an IDS. However, hackers are able to attack the network. After investigating,
5739you discover that your IDS is not configured properly and therefore is unable to trigger alarms when
5740needed. What type of alert is the IDS giving?
5741A. False Negative
5742B. False Positive
5743C. True Negative
5744D. True Positive
5745Answer: A
5746Explanation
5747A false negative error, or in short false negative, is where a test result indicates that a condition
5748failed, while it actually was successful. I.e. erroneously no effect has been assumed.
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5750References:
5751https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false_negatives#False_negative_error
5752NO.619 The intrusion detection system at a software development company suddenly generates
5753multiple alerts regarding attacks against the company's external webserver, VPN concentrator, and
5754DNS servers. What should the security team do to determine which alerts to check first?
5755A. Investigate based on the maintenance schedule of the affected systems.
5756B. Investigate based on the service level agreements of the systems.
5757C. Investigate based on the potential effect of the incident.
5758D. Investigate based on the order that the alerts arrived in.
5759Answer: C
5760NO.620 What type of OS fingerprinting technique sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS
5761and analyzes the received response?
5762A. Passive
5763B. Reflective
5764C. Active
5765D. Distributive
5766Answer: C
5767NO.621 During a penetration test, a tester finds a target that is running MS SQL 2000 with default
5768credentials. The tester assumes that the service is running with Local System account. How can this
5769weakness be exploited to access the system?
5770A. Using the Metasploit psexec module setting the SA / Admin credential
5771B. Invoking the stored procedure xp_shell to spawn a Windows command shell
5772C. Invoking the stored procedure cmd_shell to spawn a Windows command shell
5773D. Invoking the stored procedure xp_cmdshell to spawn a Windows command shell
5774Answer: D
5775NO.622 What is the primary drawback to using advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with a
5776256 bit key to share sensitive data?
5777A. Due to the key size, the time it will take to encrypt and decrypt the message hinders efficient
5778communication.
5779B. To get messaging programs to function with this algorithm requires complex configurations.
5780C. It has been proven to be a weak cipher; therefore, should not be trusted to protect sensitive data.
5781D. It is a symmetric key algorithm, meaning each recipient must receive the key through a different
5782channel than the message.
5783Answer: D
5784NO.623 Nathan is testing some of his network devices. Nathan is using Macof to try and flood the
5785ARP cache of these switches.
5786If these switches' ARP cache is successfully flooded, what will be the result?
5787A. The switches will drop into hub mode if the ARP cache is successfully flooded.
5788B. If the ARP cache is flooded, the switches will drop into pix mode making it less susceptible to
5789156IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5790attacks.
5791C. Depending on the switch manufacturer, the device will either delete every entry in its ARP cache
5792or reroute packets to the nearest switch.
5793D. The switches will route all traffic to the broadcast address created collisions.
5794Answer: A
5795NO.624 This is an attack that takes advantage of a web site vulnerability in which the site displays
5796content that includes un-sanitized user-provided data.
5797What is this attack?
5798A. Cross-site-scripting attack
5799B. SQL Injection
5800C. URL Traversal attack
5801D. Buffer Overflow attack
5802Answer: A
5803NO.625 When setting up a wireless network, an administrator enters a pre-shared key for security.
5804Which of the following is true?
5805A. The key entered is a symmetric key used to encrypt the wireless data.
5806B. The key entered is a hash that is used to prove the integrity of the wireless data.
5807C. The key entered is based on the Diffie-Hellman method.
5808D. The key is an RSA key used to encrypt the wireless data.
5809Answer: A
5810NO.626 For messages sent through an insecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature
5811gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. While using a
5812digital signature, the message digest is encrypted with which key?
5813A. Sender's public key
5814B. Receiver's private key
5815C. Receiver's public key
5816D. Sender's private key
5817Answer: D
5818NO.627 One advantage of an application-level firewall is the ability to
5819A. filter packets at the network level.
5820B. filter specific commands, such as http:post.
5821C. retain state information for each packet.
5822D. monitor tcp handshaking.
5823Answer: B
5824NO.628 Jesse receives an email with an attachment labeled "Court_Notice_21206.zip". Inside the zip
5825file is a file named "Court_Notice_21206.docx.exe" disguised as a word document. Upon execution, a
5826window appears stating, "This word document is corrupt." In the background, the file copies itself to
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5828Jesse APPDATA\local directory and begins to beacon to a C2 server to download additional malicious
5829binaries.
5830What type of malware has Jesse encountered?
5831A. Trojan
5832B. Worm
5833C. Macro Virus
5834D. Key-Logger
5835Answer: A
5836Explanation
5837In computing, Trojan horse, or Trojan, is any malicious computer program which is used to hack into a
5838computer by misleading users of its true intent. Although their payload can be anything, many
5839modern forms act as a backdoor, contacting a controller which can then have unauthorized access to
5840the affected computer.
5841References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)
5842NO.629 Rebecca commonly sees an error on her Windows system that states that a Data Execution
5843Prevention (DEP) error has taken place. Which of the following is most likely taking place?
5844A. A race condition is being exploited, and the operating system is containing the malicious process.
5845B. A page fault is occurring, which forces the operating system to write data from the hard drive.
5846C. Malware is executing in either ROM or a cache memory area.
5847D. Malicious code is attempting to execute instruction in a non-executable memory region.
5848Answer: D
5849NO.630 Insecure direct object reference is a type of vulnerability where the application does not
5850verify if the user is authorized to access the internal object via its name or key.
5851Suppose a malicious user Rob tries to get access to the account of a benign user Ned.
5852Which of the following requests best illustrates an attempt to exploit an insecure direct object
5853reference vulnerability?
5854A. "GET/restricted/goldtransfer?to=Rob&from=1 or 1=1' HTTP/1.1Host: westbank.com"
5855B. "GET/restricted/accounts/?name=Ned HTTP/1.1 Host: westbank.com"
5856C. "GET/restricted/bank.getaccount('Ned') HTTP/1.1 Host: westbank.com"
5857D. "GET/restricted/\r\n\%00account%00Ned%00access HTTP/1.1 Host: westbank.com"
5858Answer: B
5859NO.631 Based on the below log, which of the following sentences are true?
5860Mar 1, 2016, 7:33:28 AM 10.240.250.23 - 54373 10.249.253.15 - 22 tcp_ip
5861A. SSH communications are encrypted it's impossible to know who is the client or the server
5862B. Application is FTP and 10.240.250.23 is the client and 10.249.253.15 is the server
5863C. Application is SSH and 10.240.250.23 is the client and 10.249.253.15 is the server
5864D. Application is SSH and 10.240.250.23 is the server and 10.249.253.15 is the server
5865Answer: C
5866NO.632 Which of the statements concerning proxy firewalls is correct?
5867A. Proxy firewalls increase the speed and functionality of a network.
5868158IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5869B. Firewall proxy servers decentralize all activity for an application.
5870C. Proxy firewalls block network packets from passing to and from a protected network.
5871D. Computers establish a connection with a proxy firewall which initiates a new network connection
5872for the client.
5873Answer: D
5874NO.633 A new wireless client is configured to join a 802.11 network. This client uses the same
5875hardware and software as many of the other clients on the network. The client can see the network,
5876but cannot connect. A wireless packet sniffer shows that the Wireless Access Point (WAP) is not
5877responding to the association requests being sent by the wireless client.
5878What is a possible source of this problem?
5879A. The WAP does not recognize the client's MAC address
5880B. The client cannot see the SSID of the wireless network
5881C. Client is configured for the wrong channel
5882D. The wireless client is not configured to use DHCP
5883Answer: A
5884Explanation
5885MAC Filtering (or GUI filtering, or layer 2 address filtering) refers to a security access control method
5886whereby the 48-bit address assigned to each network card is used to determine access to the
5887network. MAC Filtering is often used on wireless networks.
5888References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_filtering
5889NO.634 Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?
5890A. Brute force
5891B. Rainbow tables
5892C. Dictionary attack
5893D. Shoulder surfing
5894Answer: A
5895Explanation
5896Brute-force cracking, in which a computer tries every possible key or password until it succeeds, is
5897typically very time consuming. More common methods of password cracking, such as dictionary
5898attacks, pattern checking, word list substitution, etc. attempt to reduce the number of trials required
5899and will usually be attempted before brute force.
5900References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking
5901NO.635 How can rainbow tables be defeated?
5902A. Password salting
5903B. Use of non-dictionary words
5904C. All uppercase character passwords
5905D. Lockout accounts under brute force password cracking attempts
5906Answer: A
5907NO.636 When creating a security program, which approach would be used if senior management is
5908supporting and enforcing the security policy?
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5910A. A bottom-up approach
5911B. A top-down approach
5912C. A senior creation approach
5913D. An IT assurance approach
5914Answer: B
5915NO.637 The "white box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
5916A. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester.
5917B. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester.
5918C. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester.
5919D. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester.
5920Answer: A
5921Explanation
5922White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and
5923structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an
5924application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing an internal
5925perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases.
5926References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-box_testing
5927NO.638 You are attempting to crack LM Manager hashed from Windows 2000 SAM file. You will be
5928using LM Brute force hacking tool for decryption. What encryption algorithm will you be decrypting?
5929A. MD4
5930B. DES
5931C. SHA
5932D. SSL
5933Answer: B
5934NO.639 Which of the following business challenges could be solved by using a vulnerability scanner?
5935A. Auditors want to discover if all systems are following a standard naming convention.
5936B. A web server was compromised and management needs to know if any further systems were
5937compromised.
5938C. There is an emergency need to remove administrator access from multiple machines for an
5939employee that quit.
5940D. There is a monthly requirement to test corporate compliance with host application usage and
5941security policies.
5942Answer: D
5943NO.640 What is the main advantage that a network-based IDS/IPS system has over a host-based
5944solution?
5945A. They do not use host system resources.
5946B. They are placed at the boundary, allowing them to inspect all traffic.
5947C. They are easier to install and configure.
5948D. They will not interfere with user interfaces.
5949160IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
5950Answer: A
5951NO.641 An attacker sniffs encrypted traffic from the network and is subsequently able to decrypt it.
5952The attacker can now use which cryptanalytic technique to attempt to discover the encryption key?
5953A. Birthday attack
5954B. Plaintext attack
5955C. Meet in the middle attack
5956D. Chosen ciphertext attack
5957Answer: D
5958NO.642 One of the Forbes 500 companies has been subjected to a large scale attack. You are one of
5959the shortlisted pen testers that they may hire. During the interview with the CIO, he emphasized that
5960he wants to totally eliminate all risks. What is one of the first things you should do when hired?
5961A. Interview all employees in the company to rule out possible insider threats.
5962B. Establish attribution to suspected attackers.
5963C. Explain to the CIO that you cannot eliminate all risk, but you will be able to reduce risk to
5964acceptable levels.
5965D. Start the Wireshark application to start sniffing network traffic.
5966Answer: C
5967NO.643 Which of the following types of firewall inspects only header information in network traffic?
5968A. Packet filter
5969B. Stateful inspection
5970C. Circuit-level gateway
5971D. Application-level gateway
5972Answer: A
5973NO.644 In which of the following password protection technique, random strings of characters are
5974added to the password before calculating their hashes?
5975A. Keyed Hashing
5976B. Key Stretching
5977C. Salting
5978D. Double Hashing
5979Answer: C
5980NO.645 Analyst is investigating proxy logs and found out that one of the internal user visited
5981website storing suspicious Java scripts. After opening one of them, he noticed that it is very hard to
5982understand the code and that all codes differ from the typical Java script. What is the name of this
5983technique to hide the code and extend analysis time?
5984A. Encryption
5985B. Code encoding
5986C. Obfuscation
5987D. Steganography
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5989Answer: A
5990NO.646 You've just gained root access to a Centos 6 server after days of trying. What tool should
5991you use to maintain access?
5992A. Disable Key Services
5993B. Create User Account
5994C. Download and Install Netcat
5995D. Disable IPTables
5996Answer: B
5997NO.647 E-mail scams and mail fraud are regulated by which of the following?
5998A. 18 U.S.C. par. 1030 Fraud and Related activity in connection with Computers
5999B. 18 U.S.C. par. 1029 Fraud and Related activity in connection with Access Devices
6000C. 18 U.S.C. par. 1362 Communication Lines, Stations, or Systems
6001D. 18 U.S.C. par. 2510 Wire and Electronic Communications Interception and Interception of Oral
6002Communication
6003Answer: A
6004NO.648 The chance of a hard drive failure is known to be once every four years. The cost of a new
6005hard drive is $500.
6006EF (Exposure Factor) is about 0.5. Calculate for the Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE).
6007A. $62.5
6008B. $250
6009C. $125
6010D. $65.2
6011Answer: A
6012NO.649 A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff
6013the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems.
6014However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.
6015What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
6016A. There is a NIDS present on that segment.
6017B. Kerberos is preventing it.
6018C. Windows logons cannot be sniffed.
6019D. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers.
6020Answer: B
6021NO.650 In the software security development life cycle process, threat modeling occurs in which
6022phase?
6023A. Design
6024B. Requirements
6025C. Verification
6026D. Implementation
6027162IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6028Answer: A
6029NO.651 Your team has won a contract to infiltrate an organization. The company wants to have the
6030attack be as realistic as possible; therefore, they did not provide any information besides the
6031company name.
6032What should be the first step in security testing the client?
6033A. Reconnaissance
6034B. Enumeration
6035C. Scanning
6036D. Escalation
6037Answer: A
6038Explanation
6039Phases of hacking
6040Phase 1-Reconnaissance
6041Phase 2-Scanning
6042Phase 3-Gaining Access
6043Phase 4-Maintaining Access
6044Phase 5-Covering Tracks
6045Phase 1: Passive and Active Reconnaissance
6046References:
6047http://hack-o-crack.blogspot.se/2010/12/five-stages-of-ethical-hacking.html
6048NO.652 Eve is spending her day scanning the library computers. She notices that Alice is using a
6049computer whose port
6050445 is active and listening. Eve uses the ENUM tool to enumerate Alice machine. From the command
6051prompt, she types the following command.
6052What is Eve trying to do?
6053A. Eve is trying to connect as a user with Administrator privileges
6054B. Eve is trying to enumerate all users with Administrative privileges
6055C. Eve is trying to carry out a password crack for user Administrator
6056D. Eve is trying to escalate privilege of the null user to that of Administrator
6057Answer: C
6058NO.653 You are the Systems Administrator for a large corporate organization. You need to monitor
6059all network traffic on your local network for suspicious activities and receive notifications when an
6060attack is occurring. Which tool would allow you to accomplish this goal?
6061A. Network-based IDS
6062B. Firewall
6063C. Proxy
6064D. Host-based IDS
6065Answer: A
6066Explanation
6067163IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6068A network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) is used to monitor and analyze network traffic to
6069protect a system from network-based threats.
6070A NIDS reads all inbound packets and searches for any suspicious patterns. When threats are
6071discovered, based on its severity, the system can take action such as notifying administrators, or
6072barring the source IP address from accessing the network.
6073References: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/12941/network-based-intrusion-detection-
6074system-nids
6075NO.654 An attacker uses a communication channel within an operating system that is neither
6076designed nor intended to transfer information. What is the name of the communications channel?
6077A. Classified
6078B. Overt
6079C. Encrypted
6080D. Covert
6081Answer: D
6082NO.655 What does the -oX flag do in an Nmap scan?
6083A. Perform an express scan
6084B. Output the results in truncated format to the screen
6085C. Perform an Xmas scan
6086D. Output the results in XML format to a file
6087Answer: D
6088NO.656 In many states sending spam is illegal. Thus, the spammers have techniques to try and
6089ensure that no one knows they sent the spam out to thousands of users at a time. Which of the
6090following best describes what spammers use to hide the origin of these types of e-mails?
6091A. A blacklist of companies that have their mail server relays configured to allow traffic only to their
6092specific domain name.
6093B. Mail relaying, which is a technique of bouncing e-mail from internal to external mails servers
6094continuously.
6095C. A blacklist of companies that have their mail server relays configured to be wide open.
6096D. Tools that will reconfigure a mail server's relay component to send the e-mail back to the
6097spammers occasionally.
6098Answer: B
6099NO.657 What is correct about digital signatures?
6100A. A digital signature cannot be moved from one signed document to another because it is the hash
6101of the original document encrypted with the private key of the signing party.
6102B. Digital signatures may be used in different documents of the same type.
6103C. A digital signature cannot be moved from one signed document to another because it is a plain
6104hash of the document content.
6105D. Digital signatures are issued once for each user and can be used everywhere until they expire.
6106Answer: A
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6108NO.658 Null sessions are un-authenticated connections (not using a username or password.) to an
6109NT or 2000 system.
6110Which TCP and UDP ports must you filter to check null sessions on your network?
6111A. 137 and 139
6112B. 137 and 443
6113C. 139 and 443
6114D. 139 and 445
6115Answer: D
6116NO.659 Backing up data is a security must. However, it also has certain level of risks when
6117mishandled. Which of the following is the greatest threat posed by backups?
6118A. A backup is the source of Malware or illicit information
6119B. A backup is incomplete because no verification was performed
6120C. A backup is unavailable during disaster recovery
6121D. An unencrypted backup can be misplaced or stolen
6122Answer: D
6123NO.660 What is the best description of SQL Injection?
6124A. It is an attack used to gain unauthorized access to a database.
6125B. It is an attack used to modify code in an application.
6126C. It is a Man-in-the-Middle attack between your SQL Server and Web App Server.
6127D. It is a Denial of Service Attack.
6128Answer: A
6129Explanation
6130SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which
6131malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database
6132contents to the attacker).
6133References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection
6134NO.661 A company has five different subnets: 192.168.1.0, 192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0, 192.168.4.0
6135and 192.168.5.0.
6136How can NMAP be used to scan these adjacent Class C networks?
6137A. NMAP -P 192.168.1-5.
6138B. NMAP -P 192.168.0.0/16
6139C. NMAP -P 192.168.1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0
6140D. NMAP -P 192.168.1/17
6141Answer: A
6142NO.662 Which of the following will perform an Xmas scan using NMAP?
6143A. nmap -sA 192.168.1.254
6144B. nmap -sP 192.168.1.254
6145C. nmap -sX 192.168.1.254
6146D. nmap -sV 192.168.1.254
6147165IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6148Answer: C
6149NO.663 _________ is a set of extensions to DNS that provide to DNS clients (resolvers) origin
6150authentication of DNS data to reduce the threat of DNS poisoning, spoofing, and similar attacks
6151types.
6152A. DNSSEC
6153B. Zone transfer
6154C. Resource transfer
6155D. Resource records
6156Answer: A
6157NO.664 Which definition among those given below best describes a covert channel?
6158A. A server program using a port that is not well known.
6159B. Making use of a protocol in a way it is not intended to be used.
6160C. It is the multiplexing taking place on a communication link.
6161D. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP which makes it insecure
6162Answer: B
6163NO.665 Which of the following is a restriction being enforced in "white box testing?"
6164A. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester
6165B. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester
6166C. The internal operation of a system is only partly accessible to the tester
6167D. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester
6168Answer: B
6169NO.666 An unauthorized individual enters a building following an employee through the employee
6170entrance after the lunch rush. What type of breach has the individual just performed?
6171A. Reverse Social Engineering
6172B. Tailgating
6173C. Piggybacking
6174D. Announced
6175Answer: B
6176NO.667 A company has hired a security administrator to maintain and administer Linux and
6177Windows-based systems.
6178Written in the nightly report file is the following:
6179Firewall log files are at the expected value of 4 MB. The current time is 12am. Exactly two hours later
6180the size has decreased considerably. Another hour goes by and the log files have shrunk in size again.
6181Which of the following actions should the security administrator take?
6182A. Log the event as suspicious activity and report this behavior to the incident response team
6183immediately.
6184B. Log the event as suspicious activity, call a manager, and report this as soon as possible.
6185C. Run an anti-virus scan because it is likely the system is infected by malware.
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6187D. Log the event as suspicious activity, continue to investigate, and act according to the site's security
6188policy.
6189Answer: D
6190NO.668 Which of the following identifies the three modes in which Snort can be configured to run?
6191A. Sniffer, Packet Logger, and Network Intrusion Detection System
6192B. Sniffer, Network Intrusion Detection System, and Host Intrusion Detection System
6193C. Sniffer, Host Intrusion Prevention System, and Network Intrusion Prevention System
6194D. Sniffer, Packet Logger, and Host Intrusion Prevention System
6195Answer: A
6196NO.669 Which of the following statements about a zone transfer is correct? (Choose three.)
6197A. A zone transfer is accomplished with the DNS
6198B. A zone transfer is accomplished with the nslookup service
6199C. A zone transfer passes all zone information that a DNS server maintains
6200D. A zone transfer passes all zone information that a nslookup server maintains
6201E. A zone transfer can be prevented by blocking all inbound TCP port 53 connections
6202F. Zone transfers cannot occur on the Internet
6203Answer: A C E
6204NO.670 A well-intentioned researcher discovers a vulnerability on the web site of a major
6205corporation. What should he do?
6206A. Ignore it.
6207B. Try to sell the information to a well-paying party on the dark web.
6208C. Notify the web site owner so that corrective action be taken as soon as possible to patch the
6209vulnerability.
6210D. Exploit the vulnerability without harming the web site owner so that attention be drawn to the
6211problem.
6212Answer: C
6213NO.671 You are an Ethical Hacker who is auditing the ABC company. When you verify the NOC one
6214of the machines has 2 connections, one wired and the other wireless. When you verify the
6215configuration of this Windows system you find two static routes.
6216route add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.1
6217route add 0.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0 199.168.0.1
6218What is the main purpose of those static routes?
6219A. Both static routes indicate that the traffic is external with different gateway.
6220B. The first static route indicates that the internal traffic will use an external gateway and the second
6221static route indicates that the traffic will be rerouted.
6222C. Both static routes indicate that the traffic is internal with different gateway.
6223D. The first static route indicates that the internal addresses are using the internal gateway and the
6224second static route indicates that all the traffic that is not internal must go to an external gateway.
6225Answer: D
6226167IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6227NO.672 Which of the following statements regarding ethical hacking is incorrect?
6228A. Ethical hackers should never use tools or methods that have the potential of exploiting
6229vulnerabilities in an organization's systems.
6230B. Testing should be remotely performed offsite.
6231C. An organization should use ethical hackers who do not sell vendor hardware/software or other
6232consulting services.
6233D. Ethical hacking should not involve writing to or modifying the target systems.
6234Answer: A
6235Explanation
6236Ethical hackers use the same methods and techniques, including those that have the potential of
6237exploiting vulnerabilities, to test and bypass a system's defenses as their less-principled counterparts,
6238but rather than taking advantage of any vulnerabilities found, they document them and provide
6239actionable advice on how to fix them so the organization can improve its overall security.
6240References:
6241http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/ethical-hacker
6242NO.673 Low humidity in a data center can cause which of the following problems?
6243A. Heat
6244B. Corrosion
6245C. Static electricity
6246D. Airborne contamination
6247Answer: C
6248NO.674 Seth is starting a penetration test from inside the network. He hasn't been given any
6249information about the network. What type of test is he conducting?
6250A. Internal Whitebox
6251B. External, Whitebox
6252C. Internal, Blackbox
6253D. External, Blackbox
6254Answer: C
6255NO.675 Which type of scan measures a person's external features through a digital video camera?
6256A. Iris scan
6257B. Retinal scan
6258C. Facial recognition scan
6259D. Signature kinetics scan
6260Answer: C
6261NO.676 A security policy will be more accepted by employees if it is consistent and has the support
6262of
6263A. coworkers.
6264B. executive management.
6265C. the security officer.
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6267D. a supervisor.
6268Answer: B
6269NO.677 This international organization regulates billions of transactions daily and provides security
6270guidelines to protect personally identifiable information (PII). These security controls provide a
6271baseline and prevent low-level hackers sometimes known as script kiddies from causing a data
6272breach.
6273Which of the following organizations is being described?
6274A. Payment Card Industry (PCI)
6275B. Center for Disease Control (CDC)
6276C. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
6277D. International Security Industry Organization (ISIO)
6278Answer: A
6279Explanation
6280The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a proprietary information security
6281standard for organizations that handle branded credit cards from the major card schemes including
6282Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, and JCB. The PCI DSS standards are very explicit about
6283the requirements for the back end storage and access of PII (personally identifiable information).
6284References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standard
6285NO.678 When purchasing a biometric system, one of the considerations that should be reviewed is
6286the processing speed. Which of the following best describes what it is meant by processing?
6287A. The amount of time it takes to convert biometric data into a template on a smart card.
6288B. The amount of time and resources that are necessary to maintain a biometric system.
6289C. The amount of time it takes to be either accepted or rejected form when an individual provides
6290Identification and authentication information.
6291D. How long it takes to setup individual user accounts.
6292Answer: C
6293NO.679 While performing online banking using a Web browser, a user receives an email that
6294contains a link to an interesting Web site. When the user clicks on the link, another Web browser
6295session starts and displays a video of cats playing a piano. The next business day, the user receives
6296what looks like an email from his bank, indicating that his bank account has been accessed from a
6297foreign country. The email asks the user to call his bank and verify the authorization of a funds
6298transfer that took place.
6299What Web browser-based security vulnerability was exploited to compromise the user?
6300A. Cross-Site Request Forgery
6301B. Cross-Site Scripting
6302C. Clickjacking
6303D. Web form input validation
6304Answer: A
6305Explanation
6306Cross-site request forgery, also known as one-click attack or session riding and abbreviated as CSRF
6307or XSRF, is a type of malicious exploit of a website where unauthorized commands are transmitted
6308169IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6309from a user that the website trusts.
6310Example and characteristics
6311If an attacker is able to find a reproducible link that executes a specific action on the target page
6312while the victim is being logged in there, he is able to embed such link on a page he controls and trick
6313the victim into opening it. The attack carrier link may be placed in a location that the victim is likely to
6314visit while logged into the target site (e.g. a discussion forum), sent in a HTML email body or
6315attachment.
6316NO.680 A big company, who wanted to test their security infrastructure, wants to hire elite pen
6317testers like you. During the interview, they asked you to show sample reports from previous
6318penetration tests. What should you do?
6319A. Share reports, after NDA is signed
6320B. Share full reports, not redacted
6321C. Decline but, provide references
6322D. Share full reports with redactions
6323Answer: C
6324NO.681 Eve stole a file named secret.txt, transferred it to her computer and she just entered these
6325commands:
6326What is she trying to achieve?
6327A. She is encrypting the file.
6328B. She is using John the Ripper to view the contents of the file.
6329C. She is using ftp to transfer the file to another hacker named John.
6330D. She is using John the Ripper to crack the passwords in the secret.txt file.
6331Answer: D
6332NO.682 Let's imagine three companies (A, B and C), all competing in a challenging global
6333environment. Company A and B are working together in developing a product that will generate a
6334major competitive advantage for them.
6335Company A has a secure DNS server while company B has a DNS server vulnerable to spoofing. With a
6336spoofing attack on the DNS server of company B, company C gains access to outgoing e-mails from
6337company
6338B. How do you prevent DNS spoofing?
6339A. Install DNS logger and track vulnerable packets
6340B. Disable DNS timeouts
6341C. Install DNS Anti-spoofing
6342D. Disable DNS Zone Transfer
6343Answer: C
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6345NO.683 Which of the following is considered an exploit framework and has the ability to perform
6346automated attacks on services, ports, applications and unpatched security flaws in a computer
6347system?
6348A. Wireshark
6349B. Maltego
6350C. Metasploit
6351D. Nessus
6352Answer: C
6353NO.684 Which of the following viruses tries to hide from anti-virus programs by actively altering and
6354corrupting the chosen service call interruptions when they are being run?
6355A. Cavity virus
6356B. Polymorphic virus
6357C. Tunneling virus
6358D. Stealth virus
6359Answer: D
6360NO.685 There are several ways to gain insight on how a cryptosystem works with the goal of reverse
6361engineering the process. A term describes when two pieces of data result in the same value is?
6362A. Collision
6363B. Collusion
6364C. Polymorphism
6365D. Escrow
6366Answer: A
6367NO.686 The network in ABC company is using the network address 192.168.1.64 with mask
6368255.255.255.192. In the network the servers are in the addresses 192.168.1.122, 192.168.1.123 and
6369192.168.1.124.
6370An attacker is trying to find those servers but he cannot see them in his scanning. The command he is
6371using is:
6372nmap 192.168.1.64/28.
6373Why he cannot see the servers?
6374A. The network must be down and the nmap command and IP address are ok.
6375B. He needs to add the command ''''ip address'''' just before the IP address.
6376C. He is scanning from 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.78 because of the mask /28 and the servers are not
6377in that range.
6378D. He needs to change the address to 192.168.1.0 with the same mask.
6379Answer: C
6380NO.687 When using Wireshark to acquire packet capture on a network, which device would enable
6381the capture of all traffic on the wire?
6382A. Network tap
6383B. Layer 3 switch
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6385C. Network bridge
6386D. Application firewall
6387Answer: A
6388NO.688 An attacker gains access to a Web server's database and displays the contents of the table
6389that holds all of the names, passwords, and other user information. The attacker did this by entering
6390information into the Web site's user login page that the software's designers did not expect to be
6391entered. This is an example of what kind of software design problem?
6392A. Insufficient input validation
6393B. Insufficient exception handling
6394C. Insufficient database hardening
6395D. Insufficient security management
6396Answer: A
6397Explanation
6398The most common web application security weakness is the failure to properly validate input coming
6399from the client or from the environment before using it. This weakness leads to almost all of the
6400major vulnerabilities in web applications, such as cross site scripting, SQL injection, interpreter
6401injection, locale/Unicode attacks, file system attacks, and buffer overflows.
6402References: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Input_Validation
6403NO.689 What type of malware is it that restricts access to a computer system that it infects and
6404demands that the user pay a certain amount of money, cryptocurrency, etc. to the operators of the
6405malware to remove the restriction?
6406A. Ransomware
6407B. Riskware
6408C. Adware
6409D. Spyware
6410Answer: A
6411NO.690 Scenario:
6412What is the name of the attack which is mentioned in the scenario?
6413A. HTTP Parameter Pollution
6414B. HTML Injection
6415C. Session Fixation
6416D. ClickJacking Attack
6417Answer: D
6418NO.691 You are a Penetration Tester and are assigned to scan a server. You need to use a scanning
6419technique wherein the TCP Header is split into many packets so that it becomes difficult to detect
6420what the packets are meant for.
6421Which of the below scanning technique will you use?
6422A. ACK flag scanning
6423B. TCP Scanning
6424C. IP Fragment Scanning
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6426D. Inverse TCP flag scanning
6427Answer: C
6428NO.692 You've just discovered a server that is currently active within the same network with the
6429machine you recently compromised. You ping it but it did not respond. What could be the case?
6430A. TCP/IP doesn't support ICMP
6431B. ARP is disabled on the target server
6432C. ICMP could be disabled on the target server
6433D. You need to run the ping command with root privileges
6434Answer: C
6435NO.693 How can a rootkit bypass Windows 7 operating system's kernel mode, code signing policy?
6436A. Defeating the scanner from detecting any code change at the kernel
6437B. Replacing patch system calls with its own version that hides the rootkit (attacker's) actions
6438C. Performing common services for the application process and replacing real applications with fake
6439ones
6440D. Attaching itself to the master boot record in a hard drive and changing the machine's boot
6441sequence/options
6442Answer: D
6443NO.694 An incident investigator asks to receive a copy of the event logs from all firewalls, proxy
6444servers, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on the network of an organization that has
6445experienced a possible breach of security. When the investigator attempts to correlate the
6446information in all of the logs, the sequence of many of the logged events do not match up.
6447What is the most likely cause?
6448A. The network devices are not all synchronized.
6449B. Proper chain of custody was not observed while collecting the logs.
6450C. The attacker altered or erased events from the logs.
6451D. The security breach was a false positive.
6452Answer: A
6453Explanation
6454Time synchronization is an important middleware service of distributed systems, amongst which
6455Distributed Intrusion Detection System (DIDS) makes extensive use of time synchronization in
6456particular.
6457References:
6458http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp
6459&
6460arnumber=5619315&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3
6461D561
6462NO.695 John the Ripper is a technical assessment tool used to test the weakness of which of the
6463following?
6464A. Usernames
6465B. File permissions
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6467C. Firewall rulesets
6468D. Passwords
6469Answer: D
6470NO.696 You are using NMAP to resolve domain names into IP addresses for a ping sweep later.
6471Which of the following commands looks for IP addresses?
6472A. >host -t a hackeddomain.com
6473B. >host -t soa hackeddomain.com
6474C. >host -t ns hackeddomain.com
6475D. >host -t AXFR hackeddomain.com
6476Answer: A
6477Explanation
6478The A record is an Address record. It returns a 32-bit IPv4 address, most commonly used to map
6479hostnames to an IP address of the host.
6480References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types
6481NO.697 A penetration tester is hired to do a risk assessment of a company's DMZ. The rules of
6482engagement states that the penetration test be done from an external IP address with no prior
6483knowledge of the internal IT systems.
6484What kind of test is being performed?
6485A. white box
6486B. grey box
6487C. red box
6488D. black box
6489Answer: D
6490NO.698 Which of the following is a strong post designed to stop a car?
6491A. Gate
6492B. Fence
6493C. Bollard
6494D. Reinforced rebar
6495Answer: C
6496NO.699 Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a
6497copy of a private key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
6498A. Key registry
6499B. Recovery agent
6500C. Directory
6501D. Key escrow
6502Answer: D
6503NO.700 A hacker named Jack is trying to compromise a bank's computer system. He needs to know
6504the operating system of that computer to launch further attacks.
6505What process would help him?
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6507A. Banner Grabbing
6508B. IDLE/IPID Scanning
6509C. SSDP Scanning
6510D. UDP Scanning
6511Answer: A
6512NO.701 Which of the following network attacks takes advantage of weaknesses in the fragment
6513reassembly functionality of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
6514A. Teardrop
6515B. SYN flood
6516C. Smurf attack
6517D. Ping of death
6518Answer: A
6519NO.702 What are the three types of compliance that the Open Source Security Testing Methodology
6520Manual (OSSTMM) recognizes?
6521A. Legal, performance, audit
6522B. Audit, standards based, regulatory
6523C. Contractual, regulatory, industry
6524D. Legislative, contractual, standards based
6525Answer: D
6526NO.703 In which of the following cryptography attack methods, the attacker makes a series of
6527interactive queries, choosing subsequent plaintexts based on the information from the previous
6528encryptions?
6529A. Chosen-plaintext attack
6530B. Ciphertext-only attack
6531C. Adaptive chosen-plaintext attack
6532D. Known-plaintext attack
6533Answer: A
6534NO.704 Which of the following DoS tools is used to attack target web applications by starvation of
6535available sessions on the web server?
6536The tool keeps sessions at halt using never-ending POST transmissions and sending an arbitrarily
6537large content-length header value.
6538A. My Doom
6539B. Astacheldraht
6540C. R-U-Dead-Yet?(RUDY)
6541D. LOIC
6542Answer: C
6543NO.705 You are trying to break into a highly classified top-secret mainframe computer with highest
6544security system in place at Merclyn Barley Bank located in Los Angeles.
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6546You know that conventional hacking doesn't work in this case, because organizations such as banks
6547are generally tight and secure when it comes to protecting their systems.
6548In other words, you are trying to penetrate an otherwise impenetrable system.
6549How would you proceed?
6550A. Look for "zero-day" exploits at various underground hacker websites in Russia and China and buy
6551the necessary exploits from these hackers and target the bank's network
6552B. Try to hang around the local pubs or restaurants near the bank, get talking to a poorly-paid or
6553disgruntled employee, and offer them money if they'll abuse their access privileges by providing you
6554with sensitive information
6555C. Launch DDOS attacks against Merclyn Barley Bank's routers and firewall systems using 100, 000 or
6556more "zombies" and "bots"
6557D. Try to conduct Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attack and divert the network traffic going to the
6558Merclyn Barley Bank's Webserver to that of your machine using DNS Cache Poisoning techniques
6559Answer: B
6560NO.706 What is the algorithm used by LM for Windows2000 SAM?
6561A. MD4
6562B. DES
6563C. SHA
6564D. SSL
6565Answer: B
6566NO.707 A Certificate Authority (CA) generates a key pair that will be used for encryption and
6567decryption of email. The integrity of the encrypted email is dependent on the security of which of the
6568following?
6569A. Public key
6570B. Private key
6571C. Modulus length
6572D. Email server certificate
6573Answer: B
6574NO.708 Which command lets a tester enumerate alive systems in a class C network via ICMP using
6575native Windows tools?
6576A. ping 192.168.2.
6577B. ping 192.168.2.255
6578C. for %V in (1 1 255) do PING 192.168.2.%V
6579D. for /L %V in (1 1 254) do PING -n 1 192.168.2.%V | FIND /I "Reply"
6580Answer: D
6581NO.709 How do employers protect assets with security policies pertaining to employee surveillance
6582activities?
6583A. Employers promote monitoring activities of employees as long as the employees demonstrate
6584trustworthiness.
6585B. Employers use informal verbal communication channels to explain employee monitoring activities
6586176IT Certification Guaranteed, The Easy Way!
6587to employees.
6588C. Employers use network surveillance to monitor employee email traffic, network access, and to
6589record employee keystrokes.
6590D. Employers provide employees written statements that clearly discuss the boundaries of
6591monitoring activities and consequences.
6592Answer: D
6593NO.710 Which type of Nmap scan is the most reliable, but also the most visible, and likely to be
6594picked up by and IDS?
6595A. SYN scan
6596B. ACK scan
6597C. RST scan
6598D. Connect scan
6599E. FIN scan
6600Answer: D
6601NO.711 > NMAP -sn 192.168.11.200-215
6602The NMAP command above performs which of the following?
6603A. A ping scan
6604B. A trace sweep
6605C. An operating system detect
6606D. A port scan
6607Answer: A
6608Explanation
6609NMAP -sn (No port scan)
6610This option tells Nmap not to do a port scan after host discovery, and only print out the available
6611hosts that responded to the host discovery probes. This is often known as a "ping scan", but you can
6612also request that traceroute and NSE host scripts be run.
6613References: https://nmap.org/book/man-host-discovery.html
6614NO.712 If the final set of security controls does not eliminate all risk in a system, what could be done
6615next?
6616A. Continue to apply controls until there is zero risk.
6617B. Ignore any remaining risk.
6618C. If the residual risk is low enough, it can be accepted.
6619D. Remove current controls since they are not completely effective.
6620Answer: C
6621NO.713 (Note: the student is being tested on concepts learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic
6622TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dump.). Snort has
6623been used to capture packets on the network. On studying the packets, the penetration tester finds it
6624to be abnormal. If you were the penetration tester, why would you find this abnormal?
6625What is odd about this attack? Choose the best answer.
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6627A. This is not a spoofed packet as the IP stack has increasing numbers for the three flags.
6628B. This is back orifice activity as the scan comes from port 31337.
6629C. The attacker wants to avoid creating a sub-carries connection that is not normally valid.
6630D. These packets were crafted by a tool, they were not created by a standard IP stack.
6631Answer: B
6632NO.714 DNS cache snooping is a process of determining if the specified resource address is present
6633in the DNS cache records. It may be useful during the examination of the network to determine what
6634software update resources are used, thus discovering what software is installed.
6635What command is used to determine if the entry is present in DNS cache?
6636A. nslookup -fullrecursive update.antivirus.com
6637B. dnsnooping -rt update.antivirus.com
6638C. nslookup -norecursive update.antivirus.com
6639D. dns --snoop update.antivirus.com
6640Answer: C
6641NO.715 It has been reported to you that someone has caused an information spillage on their
6642computer. You go to the computer, disconnect it from the network, remove the keyboard and
6643mouse, and power it down. What step in incident handling did you just complete?
6644A. Containment
6645B. Eradication
6646C. Recovery
6647D. Discovery
6648Answer: A
6649NO.716 Which of the following tools is used by pen testers and analysts specifically to analyze links
6650between data using link analysis and graphs?
6651A. Metasploit
6652B. Wireshark
6653C. Maltego
6654D. Cain & Abel
6655Answer: C
6656NO.717 You have gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc
6657drive.
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6659When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password.
6660In your toolkit, you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD.
6661Which Linux-based tool can change any user's password or activate disabled Windows accounts?
6662A. John the Ripper
6663B. SET
6664C. CHNTPW
6665D. Cain & Abel
6666Answer: C
6667NO.718 Bob, your senior colleague, has sent you a mail regarding aa deal with one of the clients.
6668You are requested to accept the offer and you oblige.
6669After 2 days, Bob denies that he had ever sent a mail.
6670What do you want to "know" to prove yourself that it was Bob who had send a mail?
6671A. Confidentiality
6672B. Integrity
6673C. Non-Repudiation
6674D. Authentication
6675Answer: C
6676NO.719 When does the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) require
6677organizations to perform external and internal penetration testing?
6678A. At least twice a year or after any significant upgrade or modification
6679B. At least once a year and after any significant upgrade or modification
6680C. At least once every two years and after any significant upgrade or modification
6681D. At least once every three years or after any significant upgrade or modification
6682Answer: B
6683NO.720 You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like
6684to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
6685What is the best nmap command you will use?
6686A. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
6687B. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
6688C. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
6689D. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
6690Answer: B