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4DEBUG:root:BASH(1)                                                                                             General Commands Manual                                                                                             BASH(1)
5DEBUG:root:NAME
6DEBUG:root:       bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
7DEBUG:root:SYNOPSIS
8DEBUG:root:       bash [options] [command_string | file]
9DEBUG:root:COPYRIGHT
10DEBUG:root:       Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2016 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
11DEBUG:root:DESCRIPTION
12DEBUG:root:       Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.  Bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
13DEBUG:root:       Bash is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1).  Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
14DEBUG:root:OPTIONS
15DEBUG:root:       All  of the single-character shell options documented in the description of the set builtin command can be used as options when the shell is invoked.  In addition, bash interprets the following options when it is in‐
16DEBUG:root:       voked:
17DEBUG:root:       -c        If the -c option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument command_string.  If there are arguments after the command_string, the first argument is assigned to $0 and any  remain‐
18DEBUG:root:                 ing arguments are assigned to the positional parameters.  The assignment to $0 sets the name of the shell, which is used in warning and error messages.
19DEBUG:root:       -i        If the -i option is present, the shell is interactive.
20DEBUG:root:       -l        Make bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see INVOCATION below).
21DEBUG:root:       -r        If the -r option is present, the shell becomes restricted (see RESTRICTED SHELL below).
22DEBUG:root:       -s        If  the  -s option is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input.  This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an in‐
23DEBUG:root:                 teractive shell.
24DEBUG:root:       -D        A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $ is printed on the standard output.  These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not C or POSIX.  This  implies
25DEBUG:root:                 the -n option; no commands will be executed.
26DEBUG:root:       [-+]O [shopt_option]
27DEBUG:root:                 shopt_option  is  one  of the shell options accepted by the shopt builtin (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  If shopt_option is present, -O sets the value of that option; +O unsets it.  If shopt_option is
28DEBUG:root:                 not supplied, the names and values of the shell options accepted by shopt are printed on the standard output.  If the invocation option is +O, the output is displayed in a format that may be reused  as  in‐
29DEBUG:root:                 put.
30DEBUG:root:       --        A -- signals the end of options and disables further option processing.  Any arguments after the -- are treated as filenames and arguments.  An argument of - is equivalent to --.
31DEBUG:root:       Bash also interprets a number of multi-character options.  These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
32DEBUG:root:       --debugger
33DEBUG:root:              Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts.  Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin below).
34DEBUG:root:       --dump-po-strings
35DEBUG:root:              Equivalent to -D, but the output is in the GNU gettext po (portable object) file format.
36DEBUG:root:       --dump-strings
37DEBUG:root:              Equivalent to -D.
38DEBUG:root:       --help Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
39DEBUG:root:       --init-file file
40DEBUG:root:       --rcfile file
41DEBUG:root:              Execute commands from file instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive (see INVOCATION below).
42DEBUG:root:       --login
43DEBUG:root:              Equivalent to -l.
44DEBUG:root:       --noediting
45DEBUG:root:              Do not use the GNU readline library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
46DEBUG:root:       --noprofile
47DEBUG:root:              Do not read either the system-wide startup file /etc/profile or any of the personal initialization files ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile.  By default, bash reads these files when it is invoked as
48DEBUG:root:              a login shell (see INVOCATION below).
49DEBUG:root:       --norc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive.  This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sh.
50DEBUG:root:       --posix
51DEBUG:root:              Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (posix mode).  See SEE ALSO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
52DEBUG:root:              bash's behavior.
53DEBUG:root:       --restricted
54DEBUG:root:              The shell becomes restricted (see RESTRICTED SHELL below).
55DEBUG:root:       --verbose
56DEBUG:root:              Equivalent to -v.
57DEBUG:root:       --version
58DEBUG:root:              Show version information for this instance of bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
59DEBUG:root:ARGUMENTS
60DEBUG:root:       If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -c nor the -s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the name of a file containing shell commands.  If bash is invoked in this fash‐
61DEBUG:root:       ion, $0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments.  Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.  Bash's exit status is the exit  status  of  the
62DEBUG:root:       last  command executed in the script.  If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.  An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell searches the di‐
63DEBUG:root:       rectories in PATH for the script.
64DEBUG:root:INVOCATION
65DEBUG:root:       A login shell is one whose first character of argument zero is a -, or one started with the --login option.
66DEBUG:root:       An interactive shell is one started without non-option arguments (unless -s is specified) and without the -c option whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals (as determined by isatty(3)), or  one
67DEBUG:root:       started with the -i option.  PS1 is set and $- includes i if bash is interactive, allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
68DEBUG:root:       The  following paragraphs describe how bash executes its startup files.  If any of the files exist but cannot be read, bash reports an error.  Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under Tilde Expansion
69DEBUG:root:       in the EXPANSION section.
70DEBUG:root:       When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file  exists.   After  reading  that
71DEBUG:root:       file,  it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.  The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is
72DEBUG:root:       started to inhibit this behavior.
73DEBUG:root:       When an interactive login shell exits, or a non-interactive login shell executes the exit builtin command, bash reads and executes commands from the file ~/.bash_logout, if it exists.
74DEBUG:root:       When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists.  This may be inhibited by using the --norc option.  The --rcfile file option  will
75DEBUG:root:       force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.
76DEBUG:root:       When  bash  is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it looks for the variable BASH_ENV in the environment, expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name of a
77DEBUG:root:       file to read and execute.  Bash behaves as if the following command were executed:
78DEBUG:root:              if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
79DEBUG:root:       but the value of the PATH variable is not used to search for the filename.
80DEBUG:root:       If bash is invoked with the name sh, it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of sh as closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.  When invoked as an  interactive  login
81DEBUG:root:       shell, or a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first attempts to read and execute commands from /etc/profile and ~/.profile, in that order.  The --noprofile option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
82DEBUG:root:       When invoked as an interactive shell with the name sh, bash looks for the variable ENV, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.  Since  a  shell  in‐
83DEBUG:root:       voked  as sh does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup files, the --rcfile option has no effect.  A non-interactive shell invoked with the name sh does not attempt to read any other startup
84DEBUG:root:       files.  When invoked as sh, bash enters posix mode after the startup files are read.
85DEBUG:root:       When bash is started in posix mode, as with the --posix command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.  In this mode, interactive shells expand the ENV variable and commands are read  and  exe‐
86DEBUG:root:       cuted from the file whose name is the expanded value.  No other startup files are read.
87DEBUG:root:       Bash  attempts  to determine when it is being run with its standard input connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd.  If bash deter‐
88DEBUG:root:       mines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists and is readable.  It will not do this if invoked as sh.  The --norc option may be used to inhibit this  behav‐
89DEBUG:root:       ior, and the --rcfile option may be used to force another file to be read, but neither rshd nor sshd generally invoke the shell with those options or allow them to be specified.
90DEBUG:root:       If  the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -p option is not supplied, no startup files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
91DEBUG:root:       the SHELLOPTS, BASHOPTS, CDPATH, and GLOBIGNORE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set to the real user id.  If the  -p  option  is  supplied  at  invocation,  the
92DEBUG:root:       startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
93DEBUG:root:DEFINITIONS
94DEBUG:root:       The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this document.
95DEBUG:root:       blank  A space or tab.
96DEBUG:root:       word   A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.  Also known as a token.
97DEBUG:root:       name   A word consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore.  Also referred to as an identifier.
98DEBUG:root:       metacharacter
99DEBUG:root:              A character that, when unquoted, separates words.  One of the following:
100DEBUG:root:              |  & ; ( ) < > space tab newline
101DEBUG:root:       control operator
102DEBUG:root:              A token that performs a control function.  It is one of the following symbols:
103DEBUG:root:              || & && ; ;; ;& ;;& ( ) | |& <newline>
104DEBUG:root:RESERVED WORDS
105DEBUG:root:       Reserved  words  are  words that have a special meaning to the shell.  The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the first word of a simple command (see SHELL GRAMMAR below) or the third
106DEBUG:root:       word of a case or for command:
107DEBUG:root:       ! case  coproc  do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
108DEBUG:root:SHELL GRAMMAR
109DEBUG:root:   Simple Commands
110DEBUG:root:       A simple command is a sequence of optional variable assignments followed by blank-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a control operator.  The first word specifies the command to be executed,  and  is
111DEBUG:root:       passed as argument zero.  The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command.
112DEBUG:root:       The return value of a simple command is its exit status, or 128+n if the command is terminated by signal n.
113DEBUG:root:   Pipelines
114DEBUG:root:       A pipeline is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control operators | or |&.  The format for a pipeline is:
115DEBUG:root:              [time [-p]] [ ! ] command [ [|⎪|&] command2 ... ]
116DEBUG:root:       The  standard  output of command is connected via a pipe to the standard input of command2.  This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the command (see REDIRECTION below).  If |& is used, com‐
117DEBUG:root:       mand's standard error, in addition to its standard output, is connected to command2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2>&1 |.  This implicit redirection of the standard error to the standard out‐
118DEBUG:root:       put is performed after any redirections specified by the command.
119DEBUG:root:       The  return  status  of  a pipeline is the exit status of the last command, unless the pipefail option is enabled.  If pipefail is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command to
120DEBUG:root:       exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit successfully.  If the reserved word !  precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status  as  described  above.
121DEBUG:root:       The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value.
122DEBUG:root:       If  the time reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates.  The -p option changes the output format to that speci‐
123DEBUG:root:       fied by POSIX.  When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize time as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.  The TIMEFORMAT variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing
124DEBUG:root:       information should be displayed; see the description of TIMEFORMAT under Shell Variables below.
125DEBUG:root:       When  the  shell  is  in posix mode, time may be followed by a newline.  In this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.  The TIMEFORMAT variable may be used to
126DEBUG:root:       specify the format of the time information.
127DEBUG:root:       Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell).
128DEBUG:root:   Lists
129DEBUG:root:       A list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators ;, &, &&, or ||, and optionally terminated by one of ;, &, or <newline>.
130DEBUG:root:       Of these list operators, && and || have equal precedence, followed by ; and &, which have equal precedence.
131DEBUG:root:       A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a list instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.
132DEBUG:root:       If a command is terminated by the control operator &, the shell executes the command in the background in a subshell.  The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return status is  0.   Commands  sepa‐
133DEBUG:root:       rated by a ; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in turn.  The return status is the exit status of the last command executed.
134DEBUG:root:       AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by the && and || control operators, respectively.  AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity.  An AND list has the form
135DEBUG:root:              command1 && command2
136DEBUG:root:       command2 is executed if, and only if, command1 returns an exit status of zero.
137DEBUG:root:       An OR list has the form
138DEBUG:root:              command1 || command2
139DEBUG:root:       command2 is executed if and only if command1 returns a non-zero exit status.  The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command executed in the list.
140DEBUG:root:   Compound Commands
141DEBUG:root:       A compound command is one of the following.  In most cases a list in a command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a semi‐
142DEBUG:root:       colon.
143DEBUG:root:       (list) list is executed in a subshell environment (see COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT below).  Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect  after  the  command
144DEBUG:root:              completes.  The return status is the exit status of list.
145DEBUG:root:       { list; }
146DEBUG:root:              list  is simply executed in the current shell environment.  list must be terminated with a newline or semicolon.  This is known as a group command.  The return status is the exit status of list.  Note that un‐
147DEBUG:root:              like the metacharacters ( and ), { and } are reserved words and must occur where a reserved word is permitted to be recognized.  Since they do not cause a word break, they must be separated from list by white‐
148DEBUG:root:              space or another shell metacharacter.
149DEBUG:root:       ((expression))
150DEBUG:root:              The  expression  is evaluated according to the rules described below under ARITHMETIC EVALUATION.  If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status is 1.  This is
151DEBUG:root:              exactly equivalent to let "expression".
152DEBUG:root:       [[ expression ]]
153DEBUG:root:              Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression expression.  Expressions are composed of the primaries described below under CONDITIONAL  EXPRESSIONS.   Word  splitting  and
154DEBUG:root:              pathname  expansion  are not performed on the words between the [[ and ]]; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process substitution, and quote removal
155DEBUG:root:              are performed.  Conditional operators such as -f must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.
156DEBUG:root:              When used with [[, the < and > operators sort lexicographically using the current locale.
157DEBUG:root:              When the == and != operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to the rules described below under Pattern Matching, as if the extglob shell  option
158DEBUG:root:              were  enabled.  The = operator is equivalent to ==.  If the nocasematch shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  The return value is 0 if the string
159DEBUG:root:              matches (==) or does not match (!=) the pattern, and 1 otherwise.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
160DEBUG:root:              An additional binary operator, =~, is available, with the same precedence as == and !=.  When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an extended regular expression  and  matched  ac‐
161DEBUG:root:              cordingly (as in regex(3)).  The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.  If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's return value is 2.  If
162DEBUG:root:              the nocasematch shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the  quoted  portion  to  be  matched  as  a
163DEBUG:root:              string.   Bracket  expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully, since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.  If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the
164DEBUG:root:              variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.  Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are saved in the array variable BASH_REMATCH.  The ele‐
165DEBUG:root:              ment of BASH_REMATCH with index 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular expression.  The element of BASH_REMATCH with index n is the portion of the string matching the nth parenthesized sub‐
166DEBUG:root:              expression.
167DEBUG:root:              Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence:
168DEBUG:root:              ( expression )
169DEBUG:root:                     Returns the value of expression.  This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
170DEBUG:root:              ! expression
171DEBUG:root:                     True if expression is false.
172DEBUG:root:              expression1 && expression2
173DEBUG:root:                     True if both expression1 and expression2 are true.
174DEBUG:root:              expression1 || expression2
175DEBUG:root:                     True if either expression1 or expression2 is true.
176DEBUG:root:              The && and || operators do not evaluate expression2 if the value of expression1 is sufficient to determine the return value of the entire conditional expression.
177DEBUG:root:       for name [ [ in [ word ... ] ] ; ] do list ; done
178DEBUG:root:              The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list of items.  The variable name is set to each element of this list in turn, and list is executed each time.  If the in word is omitted, the for  com‐
179DEBUG:root:              mand  executes  list  once for each positional parameter that is set (see PARAMETERS below).  The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.  If the expansion of the items following in
180DEBUG:root:              results in an empty list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
181DEBUG:root:       for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do list ; done
182DEBUG:root:              First, the arithmetic expression expr1 is evaluated according to the rules described below under ARITHMETIC EVALUATION.  The arithmetic expression expr2 is then evaluated repeatedly until it evaluates to zero.
183DEBUG:root:              Each  time  expr2  evaluates  to a non-zero value, list is executed and the arithmetic expression expr3 is evaluated.  If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.  The return value is the
184DEBUG:root:              exit status of the last command in list that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
185DEBUG:root:       select name [ in word ] ; do list ; done
186DEBUG:root:              The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list of items.  The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number.  If the in word is omitted, the positional param‐
187DEBUG:root:              eters  are  printed  (see  PARAMETERS  below).  The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.  If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then the
188DEBUG:root:              value of name is set to that word.  If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.  If EOF is read, the command completes.  Any other value read causes name to be set to null.  The  line  read
189DEBUG:root:              is  saved  in the variable REPLY.  The list is executed after each selection until a break command is executed.  The exit status of select is the exit status of the last command executed in list, or zero if no
190DEBUG:root:              commands were executed.
191DEBUG:root:       case word in [ [(] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac
192DEBUG:root:              A case command first expands word, and tries to match it against each pattern in turn, using the same matching rules as for pathname expansion (see Pathname Expansion below).  The word is expanded using  tilde
193DEBUG:root:              expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process substitution and quote removal.  Each pattern examined is expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable
194DEBUG:root:              expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, and process substitution.  If the nocasematch shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  When a
195DEBUG:root:              match  is  found,  the corresponding list is executed.  If the ;; operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the first pattern match.  Using ;& in place of ;; causes execution to continue with
196DEBUG:root:              the list associated with the next set of patterns.  Using ;;& in place of ;; causes the shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated list on a successful match.  The
197DEBUG:root:              exit status is zero if no pattern matches.  Otherwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in list.
198DEBUG:root:       if list; then list; [ elif list; then list; ] ... [ else list; ] fi
199DEBUG:root:              The  if list is executed.  If its exit status is zero, the then list is executed.  Otherwise, each elif list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding then list is executed and the
200DEBUG:root:              command completes.  Otherwise, the else list is executed, if present.  The exit status is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true.
201DEBUG:root:       while list-1; do list-2; done
202DEBUG:root:       until list-1; do list-2; done
203DEBUG:root:              The while command continuously executes the list list-2 as long as the last command in the list list-1 returns an exit status of zero.  The until command is identical to the while command, except that the test
204DEBUG:root:              is  negated: list-2 is executed as long as the last command in list-1 returns a non-zero exit status.  The exit status of the while and until commands is the exit status of the last command executed in list-2,
205DEBUG:root:              or zero if none was executed.
206DEBUG:root:   Coprocesses
207DEBUG:root:       A coprocess is a shell command preceded by the coproc reserved word.  A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the & control operator, with a two-way  pipe  es‐
208DEBUG:root:       tablished between the executing shell and the coprocess.
209DEBUG:root:       The format for a coprocess is:
210DEBUG:root:              coproc [NAME] command [redirections]
211DEBUG:root:       This  creates a coprocess named NAME.  If NAME is not supplied, the default name is COPROC.  NAME must not be supplied if command is a simple command (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word of the
212DEBUG:root:       simple command.  When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see Arrays below) named NAME in the context of the executing shell.  The standard output of command is connected via a pipe  to  a
213DEBUG:root:       file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to NAME[0].  The standard input of command is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is
214DEBUG:root:       assigned to NAME[1].  This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the command (see REDIRECTION below).  The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell  commands  and  redirections  using
215DEBUG:root:       standard word expansions.  The file descriptors are not available in subshells.  The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the value of the variable NAME_PID.  The wait builtin com‐
216DEBUG:root:       mand may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
217DEBUG:root:       Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the coproc command always returns success.  The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of command.
218DEBUG:root:   Shell Function Definitions
219DEBUG:root:       A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.  Shell functions are declared as follows:
220DEBUG:root:       name () compound-command [redirection]
221DEBUG:root:       function name [()] compound-command [redirection]
222DEBUG:root:              This defines a function named name.  The reserved word function is optional.  If the function reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.  The body of the function is  the  compound  command  com‐
223DEBUG:root:              pound-command  (see  Compound  Commands above).  That command is usually a list of commands between { and }, but may be any command listed under Compound Commands above, with one exception: If the function re‐
224DEBUG:root:              served word is used, but the parentheses are not supplied, the braces are required.  compound-command is executed whenever name is specified as the name of a simple command.  When in posix mode, name  may  not
225DEBUG:root:              be the name of one of the POSIX special builtins.  Any redirections (see REDIRECTION below) specified when a function is defined are performed when the function is executed.  The exit status of a function def‐
226DEBUG:root:              inition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.  When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last command executed in the body.
227DEBUG:root:              (See FUNCTIONS below.)
228DEBUG:root:COMMENTS
229DEBUG:root:       In  a  non-interactive  shell, or an interactive shell in which the interactive_comments option to the shopt builtin is enabled (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below), a word beginning with # causes that word and all re‐
230DEBUG:root:       maining characters on that line to be ignored.  An interactive shell without the interactive_comments option enabled does not allow comments.  The interactive_comments option is on by default in interactive shells.
231DEBUG:root:QUOTING
232DEBUG:root:       Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or words to the shell.  Quoting can be used to disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized  as
233DEBUG:root:       such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
234DEBUG:root:       Each of the metacharacters listed above under DEFINITIONS has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
235DEBUG:root:       When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HISTORY EXPANSION below), the history expansion character, usually !, must be quoted to prevent history expansion.
236DEBUG:root:       There are three quoting mechanisms: the escape character, single quotes, and double quotes.
237DEBUG:root:       A  non-quoted backslash (\) is the escape character.  It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of <newline>.  If a \<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself
238DEBUG:root:       quoted, the \<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
239DEBUG:root:       Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of each character within the quotes.  A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
240DEBUG:root:       Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $, `, \, and, when history expansion is enabled, !.  When the shell is in posix mode, the !
241DEBUG:root:       has  no  special  meaning  within double quotes, even when history expansion is enabled.  The characters $ and ` retain their special meaning within double quotes.  The backslash retains its special meaning only when
242DEBUG:root:       followed by one of the following characters: $, `, ", \, or <newline>.  A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.  If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an !
243DEBUG:root:       appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.  The backslash preceding the !  is not removed.
244DEBUG:root:       The special parameters * and @ have special meaning when in double quotes (see PARAMETERS below).
245DEBUG:root:       Words  of the form $'string' are treated specially.  The word expands to string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the ANSI C standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as
246DEBUG:root:       follows:
247DEBUG:root:              \a     alert (bell)
248DEBUG:root:              \b     backspace
249DEBUG:root:              \e
250DEBUG:root:              \E     an escape character
251DEBUG:root:              \f     form feed
252DEBUG:root:              \n     new line
253DEBUG:root:              \r     carriage return
254DEBUG:root:              \t     horizontal tab
255DEBUG:root:              \v     vertical tab
256DEBUG:root:              \\     backslash
257DEBUG:root:              \'     single quote
258DEBUG:root:              \"     double quote
259DEBUG:root:              \?     question mark
260DEBUG:root:              \nnn   the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (one to three digits)
261DEBUG:root:              \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits)
262DEBUG:root:              \uHHHH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
263DEBUG:root:              \UHHHHHHHH
264DEBUG:root:                     the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
265DEBUG:root:              \cx    a control-x character
266DEBUG:root:       The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.
267DEBUG:root:       A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause the string to be translated according to the current locale.  If the current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored.  If the string is
268DEBUG:root:       translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
269DEBUG:root:PARAMETERS
270DEBUG:root:       A  parameter is an entity that stores values.  It can be a name, a number, or one of the special characters listed below under Special Parameters.  A variable is a parameter denoted by a name.  A variable has a value
271DEBUG:root:       and zero or more attributes.  Attributes are assigned using the declare builtin command (see declare below in SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS).
272DEBUG:root:       A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value.  The null string is a valid value.  Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using the unset builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
273DEBUG:root:       A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
274DEBUG:root:              name=[value]
275DEBUG:root:       If value is not given, the variable is assigned the null string.  All values undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see EXPANSION be‐
276DEBUG:root:       low).  If the variable has its integer attribute set, then value is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion is not used (see Arithmetic Expansion below).  Word splitting is not performed,
277DEBUG:root:       with the exception of "$@" as explained below under Special Parameters.  Pathname expansion is not performed.  Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the alias, declare, typeset, export, readonly,  and
278DEBUG:root:       local builtin commands (declaration commands).  When in posix mode, these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the command builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
279DEBUG:root:       In  the  context  where  an  assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to or add to the variable's previous value.  This includes arguments to
280DEBUG:root:       builtin commands such as declare that accept assignment statements (declaration commands).  When += is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been set, value is evaluated as an  arithmetic  expres‐
281DEBUG:root:       sion  and  added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.  When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see Arrays below), the variable's value is not unset (as it is when using
282DEBUG:root:       =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.  When applied to a string-val‐
283DEBUG:root:       ued variable, value is expanded and appended to the variable's value.
284DEBUG:root:       A variable can be assigned the nameref attribute using the -n option to the declare or local builtin commands (see the descriptions of declare and local below) to create a nameref, or a reference to another variable.
285DEBUG:root:       This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly.  Whenever the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its attributes modified (other than using or changing the nameref  attribute  itself),  the
286DEBUG:root:       operation  is  actually  performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's value.  A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable whose name is passed as an argument to the func‐
287DEBUG:root:       tion.  For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first argument, running
288DEBUG:root:              declare -n ref=$1
289DEBUG:root:       inside the function creates a nameref variable ref whose value is the variable name passed as the first argument.  References and assignments to ref, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references,  assign‐
290DEBUG:root:       ments,  and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was passed as $1.  If the control variable in a for loop has the nameref attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name refer‐
291DEBUG:root:       ence will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is executed.  Array variables cannot be given the nameref attribute.  However, nameref variables  can  reference  array  variables  and  sub‐
292DEBUG:root:       scripted  array  variables.  Namerefs can be unset using the -n option to the unset builtin.  Otherwise, if unset is executed with the name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref
293DEBUG:root:       variable will be unset.
294DEBUG:root:   Positional Parameters
295DEBUG:root:       A positional parameter is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0.  Positional parameters are assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned  using  the
296DEBUG:root:       set builtin command.  Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.  The positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see FUNCTIONS below).
297DEBUG:root:       When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see EXPANSION below).
298DEBUG:root:   Special Parameters
299DEBUG:root:       The shell treats several parameters specially.  These parameters may only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
300DEBUG:root:       *      Expands  to  the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional parameter expands to a separate word.  In contexts where it is performed, those words
301DEBUG:root:              are subject to further word splitting and pathname expansion.  When the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the value of each parameter separated by the first  character  of
302DEBUG:root:              the  IFS  special  variable.   That  is, "$*" is equivalent to "$1c$2c...", where c is the first character of the value of the IFS variable.  If IFS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.  If IFS is
303DEBUG:root:              null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
304DEBUG:root:       @      Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.  When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word.  That is, "$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ...  If  the  dou‐
305DEBUG:root:              ble-quoted  expansion  occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of
306DEBUG:root:              the original word.  When there are no positional parameters, "$@" and $@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
307DEBUG:root:       #      Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
308DEBUG:root:       ?      Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline.
309DEBUG:root:       -      Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation, by the set builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the -i option).
310DEBUG:root:       $      Expands to the process ID of the shell.  In a () subshell, it expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the subshell.
311DEBUG:root:       !      Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bg builtin (see JOB CONTROL below).
312DEBUG:root:       0      Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.  This is set at shell initialization.  If bash is invoked with a file of commands, $0 is set to the name of that file.  If bash is started with the -c  option,
313DEBUG:root:              then $0 is set to the first argument after the string to be executed, if one is present.  Otherwise, it is set to the filename used to invoke bash, as given by argument zero.
314DEBUG:root:       _      At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment or argument list.  Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous
315DEBUG:root:              command, after expansion.  Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command.  When checking mail, this parameter holds the name  of  the
316DEBUG:root:              mail file currently being checked.
317DEBUG:root:   Shell Variables
318DEBUG:root:       The following variables are set by the shell:
319DEBUG:root:       BASH   Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of bash.
320DEBUG:root:       BASHOPTS
321DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.  Each word in the list is a valid argument for the -s option to the shopt builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  The options appearing in BASHOPTS
322DEBUG:root:              are those reported as on by shopt.  If this variable is in the environment when bash starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files.  This variable is read-only.
323DEBUG:root:       BASHPID
324DEBUG:root:              Expands to the process ID of the current bash process.  This differs from $$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells that do not require bash to be re-initialized.
325DEBUG:root:       BASH_ALIASES
326DEBUG:root:              An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal list of aliases as maintained by the alias builtin.  Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, unsetting array  ele‐
327DEBUG:root:              ments currently does not cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.  If BASH_ALIASES is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
328DEBUG:root:       BASH_ARGC
329DEBUG:root:              An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bash execution call stack.  The number of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed with .
330DEBUG:root:              or source) is at the top of the stack.  When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BASH_ARGC.  The shell sets BASH_ARGC only when in extended debugging mode (see the descrip‐
331DEBUG:root:              tion of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin below)
332DEBUG:root:       BASH_ARGV
333DEBUG:root:              An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash execution call stack.  The final parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call
334DEBUG:root:              is at the bottom.  When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BASH_ARGV.  The shell sets BASH_ARGV only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the  extdebug  option
335DEBUG:root:              to the shopt builtin below)
336DEBUG:root:       BASH_CMDS
337DEBUG:root:              An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hash builtin.  Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; however, unsetting array
338DEBUG:root:              elements currently does not cause command names to be removed from the hash table.  If BASH_CMDS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
339DEBUG:root:       BASH_COMMAND
340DEBUG:root:              The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
341DEBUG:root:       BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
342DEBUG:root:              The command argument to the -c invocation option.
343DEBUG:root:       BASH_LINENO
344DEBUG:root:              An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files where each corresponding member of FUNCNAME was invoked.  ${BASH_LINENO[$i]} is the line number in the  source  file  (${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]})
345DEBUG:root:              where ${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called (or ${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]} if referenced within another shell function).  Use LINENO to obtain the current line number.
346DEBUG:root:       BASH_LOADABLES_PATH
347DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the enable command.
348DEBUG:root:       BASH_REMATCH
349DEBUG:root:              An array variable whose members are assigned by the =~ binary operator to the [[ conditional command.  The element with index 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular expression.  The element
350DEBUG:root:              with index n is the portion of the string matching the nth parenthesized subexpression.  This variable is read-only.
351DEBUG:root:       BASH_SOURCE
352DEBUG:root:              An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the corresponding shell function names in the FUNCNAME array variable are defined.  The shell function ${FUNCNAME[$i]}  is  defined  in  the  file
353DEBUG:root:              ${BASH_SOURCE[$i]} and called from ${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}.
354DEBUG:root:       BASH_SUBSHELL
355DEBUG:root:              Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when the shell begins executing in that environment.  The initial value is 0.
356DEBUG:root:       BASH_VERSINFO
357DEBUG:root:              A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for this instance of bash.  The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
358DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[0]        The major version number (the release).
359DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[1]        The minor version number (the version).
360DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[2]        The patch level.
361DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[3]        The build version.
362DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[4]        The release status (e.g., beta1).
363DEBUG:root:              BASH_VERSINFO[5]        The value of MACHTYPE.
364DEBUG:root:       BASH_VERSION
365DEBUG:root:              Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bash.
366DEBUG:root:       COMP_CWORD
367DEBUG:root:              An  index  into ${COMP_WORDS} of the word containing the current cursor position.  This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Comple‐
368DEBUG:root:              tion below).
369DEBUG:root:       COMP_KEY
370DEBUG:root:              The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current completion function.
371DEBUG:root:       COMP_LINE
372DEBUG:root:              The current command line.  This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion below).
373DEBUG:root:       COMP_POINT
374DEBUG:root:              The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of the current command.  If the current cursor position is at the end of the  current  command,  the  value  of  this  variable  is  equal  to
375DEBUG:root:              ${#COMP_LINE}.  This variable is available only in shell functions and external commands invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion below).
376DEBUG:root:       COMP_TYPE
377DEBUG:root:              Set  to  an  integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion function to be called: TAB, for normal completion, ?, for listing completions after successive tabs, !, for
378DEBUG:root:              listing alternatives on partial word completion, @, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or %, for menu completion.  This variable is available only in shell functions and external  commands  in‐
379DEBUG:root:              voked by the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion below).
380DEBUG:root:       COMP_WORDBREAKS
381DEBUG:root:              The set of characters that the readline library treats as word separators when performing word completion.  If COMP_WORDBREAKS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
382DEBUG:root:       COMP_WORDS
383DEBUG:root:              An  array  variable  (see Arrays below) consisting of the individual words in the current command line.  The line is split into words as readline would split it, using COMP_WORDBREAKS as described above.  This
384DEBUG:root:              variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion below).
385DEBUG:root:       COPROC An array variable (see Arrays below) created to hold the file descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see Coprocesses above).
386DEBUG:root:       DIRSTACK
387DEBUG:root:              An array variable (see Arrays below) containing the current contents of the directory stack.  Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the dirs builtin.  Assigning to members of  this
388DEBUG:root:              array  variable  may be used to modify directories already in the stack, but the pushd and popd builtins must be used to add and remove directories.  Assignment to this variable will not change the current di‐
389DEBUG:root:              rectory.  If DIRSTACK is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
390DEBUG:root:       EUID   Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup.  This variable is readonly.
391DEBUG:root:       FUNCNAME
392DEBUG:root:              An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack.  The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function.   The  bottom-most  element
393DEBUG:root:              (the  one with the highest index) is "main".  This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.  Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.  If FUNCNAME is unset, it loses its special properties, even
394DEBUG:root:              if it is subsequently reset.
395DEBUG:root:              This variable can be used with BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE.  Each element of FUNCNAME has corresponding elements in BASH_LINENO and BASH_SOURCE to describe the call stack.  For  instance,  ${FUNCNAME[$i]}  was
396DEBUG:root:              called from the file ${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]} at line number ${BASH_LINENO[$i]}.  The caller builtin displays the current call stack using this information.
397DEBUG:root:       GROUPS An  array  variable  containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member.  Assignments to GROUPS have no effect.  If GROUPS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
398DEBUG:root:              reset.
399DEBUG:root:       HISTCMD
400DEBUG:root:              The history number, or index in the history list, of the current command.  If HISTCMD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
401DEBUG:root:       HOSTNAME
402DEBUG:root:              Automatically set to the name of the current host.
403DEBUG:root:       HOSTTYPE
404DEBUG:root:              Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type of machine on which bash is executing.  The default is system-dependent.
405DEBUG:root:       LINENO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal number representing the current sequential line number (starting with 1) within a script or function.  When not in a script or  function,
406DEBUG:root:              the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.  If LINENO is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
407DEBUG:root:       MACHTYPE
408DEBUG:root:              Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system type on which bash is executing, in the standard GNU cpu-company-system format.  The default is system-dependent.
409DEBUG:root:       MAPFILE
410DEBUG:root:              An array variable (see Arrays below) created to hold the text read by the mapfile builtin when no variable name is supplied.
411DEBUG:root:       OLDPWD The previous working directory as set by the cd command.
412DEBUG:root:       OPTARG The value of the last option argument processed by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
413DEBUG:root:       OPTIND The index of the next argument to be processed by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
414DEBUG:root:       OSTYPE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating system on which bash is executing.  The default is system-dependent.
415DEBUG:root:       PIPESTATUS
416DEBUG:root:              An array variable (see Arrays below) containing a list of exit status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
417DEBUG:root:       PPID   The process ID of the shell's parent.  This variable is readonly.
418DEBUG:root:       PWD    The current working directory as set by the cd command.
419DEBUG:root:       RANDOM Each  time  this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated.  The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RANDOM.  If RANDOM is unset, it loses its
420DEBUG:root:              special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
421DEBUG:root:       READLINE_LINE
422DEBUG:root:              The contents of the readline line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
423DEBUG:root:       READLINE_POINT
424DEBUG:root:              The position of the insertion point in the readline line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
425DEBUG:root:       REPLY  Set to the line of input read by the read builtin command when no arguments are supplied.
426DEBUG:root:       SECONDS
427DEBUG:root:              Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned.  If a value is assigned to SECONDS, the value returned upon subsequent references  is  the  number  of  seconds
428DEBUG:root:              since the assignment plus the value assigned.  If SECONDS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
429DEBUG:root:       SHELLOPTS
430DEBUG:root:              A  colon-separated list of enabled shell options.  Each word in the list is a valid argument for the -o option to the set builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  The options appearing in SHELLOPTS
431DEBUG:root:              are those reported as on by set -o.  If this variable is in the environment when bash starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files.  This variable is read-only.
432DEBUG:root:       SHLVL  Incremented by one each time an instance of bash is started.
433DEBUG:root:       UID    Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup.  This variable is readonly.
434DEBUG:root:       The following variables are used by the shell.  In some cases, bash assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
435DEBUG:root:       BASH_COMPAT
436DEBUG:root:              The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.  See the description of the shopt builtin below under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS for a description of the various compatibility levels and  their  effects.
437DEBUG:root:              The  value  may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired compatibility level.  If BASH_COMPAT is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to
438DEBUG:root:              the default for the current version.  If BASH_COMPAT is set to a value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level to the  default  for
439DEBUG:root:              the  current  version.  The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the shopt builtin described below (for example, compat42 means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).  The
440DEBUG:root:              current version is also a valid value.
441DEBUG:root:       BASH_ENV
442DEBUG:root:              If this parameter is set when bash is executing a shell script, its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in ~/.bashrc.  The value of BASH_ENV is subjected  to  pa‐
443DEBUG:root:              rameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.  PATH is not used to search for the resultant filename.
444DEBUG:root:       BASH_XTRACEFD
445DEBUG:root:              If  set  to  an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, bash will write the trace output generated when set -x is enabled to that file descriptor.  The file descriptor is closed when BASH_XTRACEFD is
446DEBUG:root:              unset or assigned a new value.  Unsetting BASH_XTRACEFD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error.  Note that setting BASH_XTRACEFD to 2 (the standard error file
447DEBUG:root:              descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
448DEBUG:root:       CDPATH The search path for the cd command.  This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for destination directories specified by the cd command.  A sample value is ".:~:/usr".
449DEBUG:root:       CHILD_MAX
450DEBUG:root:              Set  the  number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.  Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this
451DEBUG:root:              may not exceed.  The minimum value is system-dependent.
452DEBUG:root:       COLUMNS
453DEBUG:root:              Used by the select compound command to determine the terminal width when printing selection lists.  Automatically set if the checkwinsize option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon  receipt  of  a  SIG‐
454DEBUG:root:              WINCH.
455DEBUG:root:       COMPREPLY
456DEBUG:root:              An  array variable from which bash reads the possible completions generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion facility (see Programmable Completion below).  Each array element contains
457DEBUG:root:              one possible completion.
458DEBUG:root:       EMACS  If bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
459DEBUG:root:       ENV    Similar to BASH_ENV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode.
460DEBUG:root:       EXECIGNORE
461DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see Pattern Matching) defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search using PATH.  Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns are  not  con‐
462DEBUG:root:              sidered  executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution via PATH lookup.  This does not affect the behavior of the [, test, and [[ commands.  Full pathnames in the command hash table are
463DEBUG:root:              not subject to EXECIGNORE.  Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the executable bit set, but are not executable files.  The pattern matching honors the setting of the  extglob  shell  op‐
464DEBUG:root:              tion.
465DEBUG:root:       FCEDIT The default editor for the fc builtin command.
466DEBUG:root:       FIGNORE
467DEBUG:root:              A  colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see READLINE below).  A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in FIGNORE is excluded from the list of matched file‐
468DEBUG:root:              names.  A sample value is ".o:~".
469DEBUG:root:       FUNCNEST
470DEBUG:root:              If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level.  Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
471DEBUG:root:       GLOBIGNORE
472DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion.  If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in  GLOBIGNORE,  it
473DEBUG:root:              is removed from the list of matches.
474DEBUG:root:       HISTCONTROL
475DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on the history list.  If the list of values includes ignorespace, lines which begin with a space character are not saved in the history list.
476DEBUG:root:              A value of ignoredups causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved.  A value of ignoreboth is shorthand for ignorespace and ignoredups.  A value  of  erasedups  causes  all  previous  lines
477DEBUG:root:              matching the current line to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.  Any value not in the above list is ignored.  If HISTCONTROL is unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read
478DEBUG:root:              by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value of HISTIGNORE.  The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history  regardless
479DEBUG:root:              of the value of HISTCONTROL.
480DEBUG:root:       HISTFILE
481DEBUG:root:              The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HISTORY below).  The default value is ~/.bash_history.  If unset, the command history is not saved when a shell exits.
482DEBUG:root:       HISTFILESIZE
483DEBUG:root:              The  maximum  number  of  lines contained in the history file.  When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines by removing the
484DEBUG:root:              oldest entries.  The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits.  If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.  Non-numeric values and numeric values less
485DEBUG:root:              than zero inhibit truncation.  The shell sets the default value to the value of HISTSIZE after reading any startup files.
486DEBUG:root:       HISTIGNORE
487DEBUG:root:              A  colon-separated  list of patterns used to decide which command lines should be saved on the history list.  Each pattern is anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
488DEBUG:root:              `*' is appended).  Each pattern is tested against the line after the checks specified by HISTCONTROL are applied.  In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&' matches the previous  history
489DEBUG:root:              line.   `&'  may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.  The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
490DEBUG:root:              regardless of the value of HISTIGNORE.  The pattern matching honors the setting of the extglob shell option.
491DEBUG:root:       HISTSIZE
492DEBUG:root:              The number of commands to remember in the command history (see HISTORY below).  If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.  Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
493DEBUG:root:              on the history list (there is no limit).  The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
494DEBUG:root:       HISTTIMEFORMAT
495DEBUG:root:              If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the history builtin.  If this variable is set,
496DEBUG:root:              time stamps are written to the history file so they may be preserved across shell sessions.  This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.
497DEBUG:root:       HOME   The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the cd builtin command.  The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion.
498DEBUG:root:       HOSTFILE
499DEBUG:root:              Contains the name of a file in the same format as /etc/hosts that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.  The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell  is  run‐
500DEBUG:root:              ning;  the next time hostname completion is attempted after the value is changed, bash adds the contents of the new file to the existing list.  If HOSTFILE is set, but has no value, or does not name a readable
501DEBUG:root:              file, bash attempts to read /etc/hosts to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.  When HOSTFILE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
502DEBUG:root:       IFS    The Internal Field Separator that is used for word splitting after expansion and to split lines into words with the read builtin command.  The default value is ``<space><tab><newline>''.
503DEBUG:root:       IGNOREEOF
504DEBUG:root:              Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input.  If set, the value is the number of consecutive EOF characters which must be typed as the first  characters  on  an
505DEBUG:root:              input line before bash exits.  If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the default value is 10.  If it does not exist, EOF signifies the end of input to the shell.
506DEBUG:root:       INPUTRC
507DEBUG:root:              The filename for the readline startup file, overriding the default of ~/.inputrc (see READLINE below).
508DEBUG:root:       LANG   Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LC_.
509DEBUG:root:       LC_ALL This variable overrides the value of LANG and any other LC_ variable specifying a locale category.
510DEBUG:root:       LC_COLLATE
511DEBUG:root:              This  variable determines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname
512DEBUG:root:              expansion and pattern matching.
513DEBUG:root:       LC_CTYPE
514DEBUG:root:              This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
515DEBUG:root:       LC_MESSAGES
516DEBUG:root:              This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted strings preceded by a $.
517DEBUG:root:       LC_NUMERIC
518DEBUG:root:              This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
519DEBUG:root:       LC_TIME
520DEBUG:root:              This variable determines the locale category used for data and time formatting.
521DEBUG:root:       LINES  Used by the select compound command to determine the column length for printing selection lists.  Automatically set if the checkwinsize option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
522DEBUG:root:       MAIL   If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the MAILPATH variable is not set, bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
523DEBUG:root:       MAILCHECK
524DEBUG:root:              Specifies how often (in seconds) bash checks for mail.  The default is 60 seconds.  When it is time to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.  If this variable is unset, or set
525DEBUG:root:              to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
526DEBUG:root:       MAILPATH
527DEBUG:root:              A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail.  The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may be specified by separating the filename from the message with a `?'.  When used
528DEBUG:root:              in the text of the message, $_ expands to the name of the current mailfile.  Example:
529DEBUG:root:              MAILPATH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"'
530DEBUG:root:              Bash can be configured to supply a default value for this variable (there is no value by default), but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$USER).
531DEBUG:root:       OPTERR If set to the value 1, bash displays error messages generated by the getopts builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  OPTERR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script  is
532DEBUG:root:              executed.
533DEBUG:root:       PATH   The  search  path for commands.  It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for commands (see COMMAND EXECUTION below).  A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PATH indi‐
534DEBUG:root:              cates the current directory.  A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.  The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the  administrator  who  installs
535DEBUG:root:              bash.  A common value is ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
536DEBUG:root:       POSIXLY_CORRECT
537DEBUG:root:              If  this  variable  is in the environment when bash starts, the shell enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if the --posix invocation option had been supplied.  If it is set while the shell is
538DEBUG:root:              running, bash enables posix mode, as if the command set -o posix had been executed.
539DEBUG:root:       PROMPT_COMMAND
540DEBUG:root:              If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.
541DEBUG:root:       PROMPT_DIRTRIM
542DEBUG:root:              If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \w and \W prompt string escapes (see PROMPTING  below).   Characters  removed
543DEBUG:root:              are replaced with an ellipsis.
544DEBUG:root:       PS0    The value of this parameter is expanded (see PROMPTING below) and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed.
545DEBUG:root:       PS1    The value of this parameter is expanded (see PROMPTING below) and used as the primary prompt string.  The default value is ``\s-\v\$ ''.
546DEBUG:root:       PS2    The value of this parameter is expanded as with PS1 and used as the secondary prompt string.  The default is ``> ''.
547DEBUG:root:       PS3    The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the select command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above).
548DEBUG:root:       PS4    The value of this parameter is expanded as with PS1 and the value is printed before each command bash displays during an execution trace.  The first character of PS4 is replicated multiple times, as necessary,
549DEBUG:root:              to indicate multiple levels of indirection.  The default is ``+ ''.
550DEBUG:root:       SHELL  The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.  If it is not set when the shell starts, bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
551DEBUG:root:       TIMEFORMAT
552DEBUG:root:              The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the time reserved word should be displayed.  The % character introduces  an  escape  se‐
553DEBUG:root:              quence that is expanded to a time value or other information.  The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
554DEBUG:root:              %%        A literal %.
555DEBUG:root:              %[p][l]R  The elapsed time in seconds.
556DEBUG:root:              %[p][l]U  The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
557DEBUG:root:              %[p][l]S  The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
558DEBUG:root:              %P        The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
559DEBUG:root:              The  optional p is a digit specifying the precision, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.  A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.  At most three places after the deci‐
560DEBUG:root:              mal point may be specified; values of p greater than 3 are changed to 3.  If p is not specified, the value 3 is used.
561DEBUG:root:              The optional l specifies a longer format, including minutes, of the form MMmSS.FFs.  The value of p determines whether or not the fraction is included.
562DEBUG:root:              If this variable is not set, bash acts as if it had the value $'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'.  If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.  A trailing newline is  added  when  the  format
563DEBUG:root:              string is displayed.
564DEBUG:root:       TMOUT  If set to a value greater than zero, TMOUT is treated as the default timeout for the read builtin.  The select command terminates if input does not arrive after TMOUT seconds when input is coming from a termi‐
565DEBUG:root:              nal.  In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.  Bash terminates after waiting for that number  of  seconds  if  a
566DEBUG:root:              complete line of input does not arrive.
567DEBUG:root:       TMPDIR If set, bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
568DEBUG:root:       auto_resume
569DEBUG:root:              This  variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and job control.  If this variable is set, single word simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption of an existing
570DEBUG:root:              stopped job.  There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.  The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the  com‐
571DEBUG:root:              mand  line  used  to start it.  If set to the value exact, the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to substring, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
572DEBUG:root:              stopped job.  The substring value provides functionality analogous to the %?  job identifier (see JOB CONTROL below).  If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped  job's  name;
573DEBUG:root:              this provides functionality analogous to the %string job identifier.
574DEBUG:root:       histchars
575DEBUG:root:              The  two  or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HISTORY EXPANSION below).  The first character is the history expansion character, the character which signals the start of a
576DEBUG:root:              history expansion, normally `!'.  The second character is the quick substitution character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substituting one string for  another  in  the
577DEBUG:root:              command.   The default is `^'.  The optional third character is the character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character of a word, normally `#'.  The history
578DEBUG:root:              comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining words on the line.  It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
579DEBUG:root:   Arrays
580DEBUG:root:       Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.  Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the declare builtin will explicitly declare an array.  There is no maximum limit on the size of an
581DEBUG:root:       array,  nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned contiguously.  Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced us‐
582DEBUG:root:       ing arbitrary strings.  Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
583DEBUG:root:       An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax name[subscript]=value.  The subscript is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a  number.   To  explicitly
584DEBUG:root:       declare an indexed array, use declare -a name (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  declare -a name[subscript] is also accepted; the subscript is ignored.
585DEBUG:root:       Associative arrays are created using declare -A name.
586DEBUG:root:       Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the declare and readonly builtins.  Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
587DEBUG:root:       Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form name=(value1 ... valuen), where each value is of the form [subscript]=string.  Indexed array assignments do not require anything but string.  When assign‐
588DEBUG:root:       ing to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement  plus  one.   Indexing
589DEBUG:root:       starts at zero.
590DEBUG:root:       When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
591DEBUG:root:       This  syntax is also accepted by the declare builtin.  Individual array elements may be assigned to using the name[subscript]=value syntax introduced above.  When assigning to an indexed array, if name is subscripted
592DEBUG:root:       by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of name, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
593DEBUG:root:       Any element of an array may be referenced using ${name[subscript]}.  The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion.  If subscript is @ or *, the word expands to all members of name.   These  sub‐
594DEBUG:root:       scripts  differ only when the word appears within double quotes.  If the word is double-quoted, ${name[*]} expands to a single word with the value of each array member separated by the first character of the IFS spe‐
595DEBUG:root:       cial variable, and ${name[@]} expands each element of name to a separate word.  When there are no array members, ${name[@]} expands to nothing.  If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the  expansion  of
596DEBUG:root:       the  first  parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.  This is analogous to the expansion of the spe‐
597DEBUG:root:       cial parameters * and @ (see Special Parameters above).  ${#name[subscript]} expands to the length of ${name[subscript]}.  If subscript is * or @, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.   If  the  sub‐
598DEBUG:root:       script  used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count back from the
599DEBUG:root:       end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
600DEBUG:root:       Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.  Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bash will create an array  if  neces‐
601DEBUG:root:       sary.
602DEBUG:root:       An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value.  The null string is a valid value.
603DEBUG:root:       It  is  possible  to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the values.  ${!name[@]} and ${!name[*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable name.  The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
604DEBUG:root:       the expansion of the special parameters @ and * within double quotes.
605DEBUG:root:       The unset builtin is used to destroy arrays.  unset name[subscript] destroys the array element at index subscript.  Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.  Care  must  be  taken  to
606DEBUG:root:       avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion.  unset name, where name is an array, or unset name[subscript], where subscript is * or @, removes the entire array.
607DEBUG:root:       The declare, local, and readonly builtins each accept a -a option to specify an indexed array and a -A option to specify an associative array.  If both options are supplied, -A takes precedence.  The read builtin ac‐
608DEBUG:root:       cepts a -a option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array.  The set and declare builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
609DEBUG:root:EXPANSION
610DEBUG:root:       Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into words.  There are seven kinds of expansion performed: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command  substitution,
611DEBUG:root:       arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion.
612DEBUG:root:       The  order  of  expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan‐
613DEBUG:root:       sion.
614DEBUG:root:       On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion available: process substitution.  This is performed at the same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command substitution.
615DEBUG:root:       After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (quote removal).
616DEBUG:root:       Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single word to a single word.  The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
617DEBUG:root:       "$@" and "${name[@]}" as explained above (see PARAMETERS).
618DEBUG:root:   Brace Expansion
619DEBUG:root:       Brace  expansion  is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.  This mechanism is similar to pathname expansion, but the filenames generated need not exist.  Patterns to be brace expanded take the form
620DEBUG:root:       of an optional preamble, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional postscript.  The preamble is prefixed  to  each  string  con‐
621DEBUG:root:       tained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
622DEBUG:root:       Brace expansions may be nested.  The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved.  For example, a{d,c,b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
623DEBUG:root:       A sequence expression takes the form {x..y[..incr]}, where x and y are either integers or single characters, and incr, an optional increment, is an integer.  When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
624DEBUG:root:       number between x and y, inclusive.  Supplied integers may be prefixed with 0 to force each term to have the same width.  When either x or y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to  con‐
625DEBUG:root:       tain  the  same  number of digits, zero-padding where necessary.  When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexicographically between x and y, inclusive, using the default C locale.  Note
626DEBUG:root:       that both x and y must be of the same type.  When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term.  The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
627DEBUG:root:       Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result.  It is strictly textual.  Bash does not apply any syntactic interpretation to  the
628DEBUG:root:       context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
629DEBUG:root:       A  correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence expression.  Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.  A { or
630DEBUG:root:       , may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered part of a brace expression.  To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string ${ is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
631DEBUG:root:       This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:
632DEBUG:root:              mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
633DEBUG:root:       or
634DEBUG:root:              chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
635DEBUG:root:       Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical versions of sh.  sh does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the  output.   Bash
636DEBUG:root:       removes  braces  from words as a consequence of brace expansion.  For example, a word entered to sh as file{1,2} appears identically in the output.  The same word is output as file1 file2 after expansion by bash.  If
637DEBUG:root:       strict compatibility with sh is desired, start bash with the +B option or disable brace expansion with the +B option to the set command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
638DEBUG:root:   Tilde Expansion
639DEBUG:root:       If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~'), all of the characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a  tilde-prefix.   If  none  of  the
640DEBUG:root:       characters  in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible login name.  If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the value of
641DEBUG:root:       the shell parameter HOME.  If HOME is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead.  Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with  the  specified
642DEBUG:root:       login name.
643DEBUG:root:       If  the  tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PWD replaces the tilde-prefix.  If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of the shell variable OLDPWD, if it is set, is substituted.  If the characters
644DEBUG:root:       following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number N, optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed  by
645DEBUG:root:       the dirs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argument.  If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
646DEBUG:root:       If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is unchanged.
647DEBUG:root:       Each  variable  assignment  is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately following a : or the first =.  In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.  Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as‐
648DEBUG:root:       signments to PATH, MAILPATH, and CDPATH, and the shell assigns the expanded value.
649DEBUG:root:   Parameter Expansion
650DEBUG:root:       The `$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion.  The parameter name or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but  serve  to  protect  the
651DEBUG:root:       variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name.
652DEBUG:root:       When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}' not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion.
653DEBUG:root:       ${parameter}
654DEBUG:root:              The value of parameter is substituted.  The braces are required when parameter is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when parameter is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as
655DEBUG:root:              part of its name.  The parameter is a shell parameter as described above PARAMETERS) or an array reference (Arrays).
656DEBUG:root:       If the first character of parameter is an exclamation point (!), and parameter is not a nameref, it introduces a level of variable indirection.  Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest  of  parameter
657DEBUG:root:       as  the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the value of parameter itself.  This is known as indirect expansion.  If parameter is a
658DEBUG:root:       nameref, this expands to the name of the variable referenced by parameter instead of performing the complete indirect expansion.  The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!prefix*} and ${!name[@]} described be‐
659DEBUG:root:       low.  The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection.
660DEBUG:root:       In each of the cases below, word is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
661DEBUG:root:       When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below (e.g., :-), bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
662DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:-word}
663DEBUG:root:              Use Default Values.  If parameter is unset or null, the expansion of word is substituted.  Otherwise, the value of parameter is substituted.
664DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:=word}
665DEBUG:root:              Assign  Default Values.  If parameter is unset or null, the expansion of word is assigned to parameter.  The value of parameter is then substituted.  Positional parameters and special parameters may not be as‐
666DEBUG:root:              signed to in this way.
667DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:?word}
668DEBUG:root:              Display Error if Null or Unset.  If parameter is null or unset, the expansion of word (or a message to that effect if word is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not  interac‐
669DEBUG:root:              tive, exits.  Otherwise, the value of parameter is substituted.
670DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:+word}
671DEBUG:root:              Use Alternate Value.  If parameter is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of word is substituted.
672DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:offset}
673DEBUG:root:       ${parameter:offset:length}
674DEBUG:root:              Substring  Expansion.   Expands to up to length characters of the value of parameter starting at the character specified by offset.  If parameter is @, an indexed array subscripted by @ or *, or an associative
675DEBUG:root:              array name, the results differ as described below.  If length is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of parameter starting at the character specified by offset and extending to the end of the value.
676DEBUG:root:              length and offset are arithmetic expressions (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION below).
677DEBUG:root:              If  offset  evaluates  to  a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of parameter.  If length evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an
678DEBUG:root:              offset in characters from the end of the value of parameter rather than a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between offset and that result.  Note that a negative offset  must  be  sepa‐
679DEBUG:root:              rated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion.
680DEBUG:root:              If  parameter  is  @, the result is length positional parameters beginning at offset.  A negative offset is taken relative to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to
681DEBUG:root:              the last positional parameter.  It is an expansion error if length evaluates to a number less than zero.
682DEBUG:root:              If parameter is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the length members of the array beginning with ${parameter[offset]}.  A negative offset is taken relative to one greater than the max‐
683DEBUG:root:              imum index of the specified array.  It is an expansion error if length evaluates to a number less than zero.
684DEBUG:root:              Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results.
685DEBUG:root:              Substring  indexing  is  zero-based  unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.  If offset is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $0 is prefixed to the
686DEBUG:root:              list.
687DEBUG:root:       ${!prefix*}
688DEBUG:root:       ${!prefix@}
689DEBUG:root:              Names matching prefix.  Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with prefix, separated by the first character of the IFS special variable.  When @ is used and the expansion  appears  within  double
690DEBUG:root:              quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word.
691DEBUG:root:       ${!name[@]}
692DEBUG:root:       ${!name[*]}
693DEBUG:root:              List  of  array  keys.  If name is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices (keys) assigned in name.  If name is not an array, expands to 0 if name is set and null otherwise.  When @ is used and
694DEBUG:root:              the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word.
695DEBUG:root:       ${#parameter}
696DEBUG:root:              Parameter length.  The length in characters of the value of parameter is substituted.  If parameter is * or @, the value substituted is the number of positional parameters.  If parameter is an array name  sub‐
697DEBUG:root:              scripted  by * or @, the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.  If parameter is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater
698DEBUG:root:              than the maximum index of parameter, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
699DEBUG:root:       ${parameter#word}
700DEBUG:root:       ${parameter##word}
701DEBUG:root:              Remove matching prefix pattern.  The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of parameter, then the result of  the  expansion  is
702DEBUG:root:              the  expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the ``#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``##'' case) deleted.  If parameter is @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied
703DEBUG:root:              to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of  the  array
704DEBUG:root:              in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
705DEBUG:root:       ${parameter%word}
706DEBUG:root:       ${parameter%%word}
707DEBUG:root:              Remove  matching  suffix pattern.  The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the
708DEBUG:root:              expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the ``%'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) deleted.  If parameter is @ or *, the pattern  removal  opera‐
709DEBUG:root:              tion  is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each mem‐
710DEBUG:root:              ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
711DEBUG:root:       ${parameter/pattern/string}
712DEBUG:root:              Pattern substitution.  The pattern is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  Parameter is expanded and the longest match of pattern against its value is replaced with string.  If pattern
713DEBUG:root:              begins  with  /,  all  matches of pattern are replaced with string.  Normally only the first match is replaced.  If pattern begins with #, it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of parameter.  If
714DEBUG:root:              pattern begins with %, it must match at the end of the expanded value of parameter.  If string is null, matches of pattern are deleted and the / following pattern may be omitted.  If the nocasematch shell  op‐
715DEBUG:root:              tion  is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  If parameter is @ or *, the substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan‐
716DEBUG:root:              sion is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
717DEBUG:root:       ${parameter^pattern}
718DEBUG:root:       ${parameter^^pattern}
719DEBUG:root:       ${parameter,pattern}
720DEBUG:root:       ${parameter,,pattern}
721DEBUG:root:              Case modification.  This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in parameter.  The pattern is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion.  Each character in the expanded value of
722DEBUG:root:              parameter is tested against pattern, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.  The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.  The ^ operator converts lowercase letters matching
723DEBUG:root:              pattern to uppercase; the , operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.  The ^^ and ,, expansions convert each matched character in the expanded value; the ^ and , expansions match  and  convert
724DEBUG:root:              only  the first character in the expanded value.  If pattern is omitted, it is treated like a ?, which matches every character.  If parameter is @ or *, the case modification operation is applied to each posi‐
725DEBUG:root:              tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the case modification operation is applied to each member of the  array  in  turn,
726DEBUG:root:              and the expansion is the resultant list.
727DEBUG:root:       ${parameter@operator}
728DEBUG:root:              Parameter transformation.  The expansion is either a transformation of the value of parameter or information about parameter itself, depending on the value of operator.  Each operator is a single letter:
729DEBUG:root:              Q      The expansion is a string that is the value of parameter quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
730DEBUG:root:              E      The expansion is a string that is the value of parameter with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $'...' quoting mechansim.
731DEBUG:root:              P      The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of parameter as if it were a prompt string (see PROMPTING below).
732DEBUG:root:              A      The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or declare command that, if evaluated, will recreate parameter with its attributes and value.
733DEBUG:root:              a      The expansion is a string consisting of flag values representing parameter's attributes.
734DEBUG:root:              If parameter is @ or *, the operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the case modification
735DEBUG:root:              operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
736DEBUG:root:              The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below.
737DEBUG:root:   Command Substitution
738DEBUG:root:       Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace the command name.  There are two forms:
739DEBUG:root:              $(command)
740DEBUG:root:       or
741DEBUG:root:              `command`
742DEBUG:root:       Bash performs the expansion by executing command in a subshell environment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted.   Embedded  newlines  are
743DEBUG:root:       not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting.  The command substitution $(cat file) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $(< file).
744DEBUG:root:       When  the  old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by $, `, or \.  The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu‐
745DEBUG:root:       tion.  When using the $(command) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
746DEBUG:root:       Command substitutions may be nested.  To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
747DEBUG:root:       If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
748DEBUG:root:   Arithmetic Expansion
749DEBUG:root:       Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression and the substitution of the result.  The format for arithmetic expansion is:
750DEBUG:root:              $((expression))
751DEBUG:root:       The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.  All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,  command  sub‐
752DEBUG:root:       stitution, and quote removal.  The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.  Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
753DEBUG:root:       The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under ARITHMETIC EVALUATION.  If expression is invalid, bash prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
754DEBUG:root:   Process Substitution
755DEBUG:root:       Process  substitution  allows  a  process's  input or output to be referred to using a filename.  It takes the form of <(list) or >(list).  The process list is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a
756DEBUG:root:       filename.  This filename is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the expansion.  If the >(list) form is used, writing to the file will provide input for list.  If the <(list)  form  is  used,
757DEBUG:root:       the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of list.  Process substitution is supported on systems that support named pipes (FIFOs) or the /dev/fd method of naming open files.
758DEBUG:root:       When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
759DEBUG:root:   Word Splitting
760DEBUG:root:       The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for word splitting.
761DEBUG:root:       The  shell  treats  each  character  of  IFS  as  a  delimiter,  and  splits  the  results  of  the  other  expansions into words using these characters as field terminators.  If IFS is unset, or its value is exactly
762DEBUG:root:       <space><tab><newline>, the default, then sequences of <space>, <tab>, and <newline> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IFS characters not at the begin‐
763DEBUG:root:       ning  or  end  serves to delimit words.  If IFS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters space, tab, and newline are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as long as the
764DEBUG:root:       whitespace character is in the value of IFS (an IFS whitespace character).  Any character in IFS that is not IFS whitespace, along with any adjacent IFS whitespace characters, delimits a field.   A  sequence  of  IFS
765DEBUG:root:       whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.  If the value of IFS is null, no word splitting occurs.
766DEBUG:root:       Explicit null arguments ("" or '') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings.  Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed.  If a parameter
767DEBUG:root:       with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string.  When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is  non-null,
768DEBUG:root:       the null argument is removed.  That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal.
769DEBUG:root:       Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
770DEBUG:root:   Pathname Expansion
771DEBUG:root:       After  word  splitting, unless the -f option has been set, bash scans each word for the characters *, ?, and [.  If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as a pattern, and replaced with an alpha‐
772DEBUG:root:       betically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see Pattern Matching below).  If no matching filenames are found, and the shell option nullglob is not enabled, the word is left unchanged.   If  the  nullglob
773DEBUG:root:       option  is set, and no matches are found, the word is removed.  If the failglob shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed.  If the shell option nocase‐
774DEBUG:root:       glob is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.  When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ``.''  at the start of a  name  or  immediately  following  a
775DEBUG:root:       slash  must  be  matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglob is set.  When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched explicitly.  In other cases, the ``.''  character is not treated spe‐
776DEBUG:root:       cially.  See the description of shopt below under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS for a description of the nocaseglob, nullglob, failglob, and dotglob shell options.
777DEBUG:root:       The GLOBIGNORE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a pattern.  If GLOBIGNORE is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE  is  removed  from  the
778DEBUG:root:       list  of matches.  If the nocaseglob option is set, the matching against the patterns in GLOBIGNORE is performed without regard to case.  The filenames ``.''  and ``..''  are always ignored when GLOBIGNORE is set and
779DEBUG:root:       not null.  However, setting GLOBIGNORE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the dotglob shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a ``.''  will match.  To get the old behavior  of  ignoring  file‐
780DEBUG:root:       names beginning with a ``.'', make ``.*''  one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE.  The dotglob option is disabled when GLOBIGNORE is unset.  The pattern matching honors the setting of the extglob shell option.
781DEBUG:root:       Pattern Matching
782DEBUG:root:       Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described below, matches itself.  The NUL character may not occur in a pattern.  A backslash escapes the following character; the es‐
783DEBUG:root:       caping backslash is discarded when matching.  The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
784DEBUG:root:       The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
785DEBUG:root:              *      Matches any string, including the null string.  When the globstar shell option is enabled, and * is used in a pathname expansion context, two adjacent *s used as a single pattern will  match  all  files
786DEBUG:root:                     and zero or more directories and subdirectories.  If followed by a /, two adjacent *s will match only directories and subdirectories.
787DEBUG:root:              ?      Matches any single character.
788DEBUG:root:              [...]  Matches  any  one  of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters separated by a hyphen denotes a range expression; any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive, using the current
789DEBUG:root:                     locale's collating sequence and character set, is matched.  If the first character following the [ is a !  or a ^ then any character not enclosed is matched.  The sorting order of  characters  in  range
790DEBUG:root:                     expressions is determined by the current locale and the values of the LC_COLLATE or LC_ALL shell variables, if set.  To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expressions, where [a-d] is equiva‐
791DEBUG:root:                     lent to [abcd], set value of the LC_ALL shell variable to C, or enable the globasciiranges shell option.  A - may be matched by including it as the first or last character  in  the  set.   A  ]  may  be
792DEBUG:root:                     matched by including it as the first character in the set.
793DEBUG:root:                     Within [ and ], character classes can be specified using the syntax [:class:], where class is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
794DEBUG:root:                     alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
795DEBUG:root:                     A character class matches any character belonging to that class.  The word character class matches letters, digits, and the character _.
796DEBUG:root:                     Within [ and ], an equivalence class can be specified using the syntax [=c=], which matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character c.
797DEBUG:root:                     Within [ and ], the syntax [.symbol.] matches the collating symbol symbol.
798DEBUG:root:       If the extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.  In the following description, a pattern-list is a list of one or more patterns separated by
799DEBUG:root:       a |.  Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following sub-patterns:
800DEBUG:root:              ?(pattern-list)
801DEBUG:root:                     Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
802DEBUG:root:              *(pattern-list)
803DEBUG:root:                     Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
804DEBUG:root:              +(pattern-list)
805DEBUG:root:                     Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
806DEBUG:root:              @(pattern-list)
807DEBUG:root:                     Matches one of the given patterns
808DEBUG:root:              !(pattern-list)
809DEBUG:root:                     Matches anything except one of the given patterns
810DEBUG:root:   Quote Removal
811DEBUG:root:       After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters \, ', and " that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed.
812DEBUG:root:REDIRECTION
813DEBUG:root:       Before a command is executed, its input and output may be redirected using a special notation interpreted by the shell.  Redirection allows commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made  to  refer  to
814DEBUG:root:       different  files,  and  can change the files the command reads from and writes to.  Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the current shell execution environment.  The following redirection operators
815DEBUG:root:       may precede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may follow a command.  Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
816DEBUG:root:       Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {varname}.  In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell  will  allocate  a
817DEBUG:root:       file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to varname.  If >&- or <&- is preceded by {varname}, the value of varname defines the file descriptor to close.
818DEBUG:root:       In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <, the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0).  If the first char‐
819DEBUG:root:       acter of the redirection operator is >, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
820DEBUG:root:       The word following the redirection operator in the following descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,  arithmetic
821DEBUG:root:       expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting.  If it expands to more than one word, bash reports an error.
822DEBUG:root:       Note that the order of redirections is significant.  For example, the command
823DEBUG:root:              ls > dirlist 2>&1
824DEBUG:root:       directs both standard output and standard error to the file dirlist, while the command
825DEBUG:root:              ls 2>&1 > dirlist
826DEBUG:root:       directs only the standard output to file dirlist, because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard output was redirected to dirlist.
827DEBUG:root:       Bash  handles  several  filenames specially when they are used in redirections, as described in the following table.  If the operating system on which bash is running provides these special files, bash will use them;
828DEBUG:root:       otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below.
829DEBUG:root:              /dev/fd/fd
830DEBUG:root:                     If fd is a valid integer, file descriptor fd is duplicated.
831DEBUG:root:              /dev/stdin
832DEBUG:root:                     File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
833DEBUG:root:              /dev/stdout
834DEBUG:root:                     File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
835DEBUG:root:              /dev/stderr
836DEBUG:root:                     File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
837DEBUG:root:              /dev/tcp/host/port
838DEBUG:root:                     If host is a valid hostname or Internet address, and port is an integer port number or service name, bash attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket.
839DEBUG:root:              /dev/udp/host/port
840DEBUG:root:                     If host is a valid hostname or Internet address, and port is an integer port number or service name, bash attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket.
841DEBUG:root:       A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
842DEBUG:root:       Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses internally.
843DEBUG:root:   Redirecting Input
844DEBUG:root:       Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of word to be opened for reading on file descriptor n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if n is not specified.
845DEBUG:root:       The general format for redirecting input is:
846DEBUG:root:              [n]<word
847DEBUG:root:   Redirecting Output
848DEBUG:root:       Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of word to be opened for writing on file descriptor n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n is not specified.  If the  file  does
849DEBUG:root:       not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
850DEBUG:root:       The general format for redirecting output is:
851DEBUG:root:              [n]>word
852DEBUG:root:       If  the  redirection  operator is >, and the noclobber option to the set builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of word exists and is a regular file.  If
853DEBUG:root:       the redirection operator is >|, or the redirection operator is > and the noclobber option to the set builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even if the file named by word exists.
854DEBUG:root:   Appending Redirected Output
855DEBUG:root:       Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name results from the expansion of word to be opened for appending on file descriptor n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n is  not  specified.
856DEBUG:root:       If the file does not exist it is created.
857DEBUG:root:       The general format for appending output is:
858DEBUG:root:              [n]>>word
859DEBUG:root:   Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
860DEBUG:root:       This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of word.
861DEBUG:root:       There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error:
862DEBUG:root:              &>word
863DEBUG:root:       and
864DEBUG:root:              >&word
865DEBUG:root:       Of the two forms, the first is preferred.  This is semantically equivalent to
866DEBUG:root:              >word 2>&1
867DEBUG:root:       When using the second form, word may not expand to a number or -.  If it does, other redirection operators apply (see Duplicating File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons.
868DEBUG:root:   Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
869DEBUG:root:       This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of word.
870DEBUG:root:       The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
871DEBUG:root:              &>>word
872DEBUG:root:       This is semantically equivalent to
873DEBUG:root:              >>word 2>&1
874DEBUG:root:       (see Duplicating File Descriptors below).
875DEBUG:root:   Here Documents
876DEBUG:root:       This  type  of  redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only delimiter (with no trailing blanks) is seen.  All of the lines read up to that point are then used as
877DEBUG:root:       the standard input (or file descriptor n if n is specified) for a command.
878DEBUG:root:       The format of here-documents is:
879DEBUG:root:              [n]<<[-]word
880DEBUG:root:                      here-document
881DEBUG:root:              delimiter
882DEBUG:root:       No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on word.  If any part of word is quoted, the delimiter is the result of quote removal on  word,  and
883DEBUG:root:       the  lines  in  the  here-document  are  not expanded.  If word is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence
884DEBUG:root:       \<newline> is ignored, and \ must be used to quote the characters \, $, and `.
885DEBUG:root:       If the redirection operator is <<-, then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the line containing delimiter.  This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural  fash‐
886DEBUG:root:       ion.
887DEBUG:root:   Here Strings
888DEBUG:root:       A variant of here documents, the format is:
889DEBUG:root:              [n]<<<word
890DEBUG:root:       The word undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.  Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed.  The re‐
891DEBUG:root:       sult is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor n if n is specified).
892DEBUG:root:   Duplicating File Descriptors
893DEBUG:root:       The redirection operator
894DEBUG:root:              [n]<&word
895DEBUG:root:       is used to duplicate input file descriptors.  If word expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by n is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.  If the digits in word do not  specify  a  file  de‐
896DEBUG:root:       scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.  If word evaluates to -, file descriptor n is closed.  If n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
897DEBUG:root:       The operator
898DEBUG:root:              [n]>&word
899DEBUG:root:       is  used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors.  If n is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.  If the digits in word do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection
900DEBUG:root:       error occurs.  If word evaluates to -, file descriptor n is closed.  As a special case, if n is omitted, and word does not expand to one or more digits or -, the standard output and standard error are  redirected  as
901DEBUG:root:       described previously.
902DEBUG:root:   Moving File Descriptors
903DEBUG:root:       The redirection operator
904DEBUG:root:              [n]<&digit-
905DEBUG:root:       moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if n is not specified.  digit is closed after being duplicated to n.
906DEBUG:root:       Similarly, the redirection operator
907DEBUG:root:              [n]>&digit-
908DEBUG:root:       moves the file descriptor digit to file descriptor n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if n is not specified.
909DEBUG:root:   Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
910DEBUG:root:       The redirection operator
911DEBUG:root:              [n]<>word
912DEBUG:root:       causes the file whose name is the expansion of word to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor n, or on file descriptor 0 if n is not specified.  If the file does not exist, it is created.
913DEBUG:root:ALIASES
914DEBUG:root:       Aliases  allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as the first word of a simple command.  The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with the alias and unalias builtin commands
915DEBUG:root:       (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias.  If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.  The characters /, $,  `,  and  =
916DEBUG:root:       and  any of the shell metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name.  The replacement text may contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters.  The first word of the
917DEBUG:root:       replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second time.  This means that one may alias ls to ls -F, for instance, and bash does not try to recur‐
918DEBUG:root:       sively expand the replacement text.  If the last character of the alias value is a blank, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
919DEBUG:root:       Aliases are created and listed with the alias command, and removed with the unalias command.
920DEBUG:root:       There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.  If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FUNCTIONS below).
921DEBUG:root:       Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the expand_aliases shell option is set using shopt (see the description of shopt under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
922DEBUG:root:       The  rules  concerning  the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing.  Bash always reads at least one complete line of input before executing any of the commands on that line.  Aliases are expanded when a
923DEBUG:root:       command is read, not when it is executed.  Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.  The  commands  following  the  alias
924DEBUG:root:       definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.  This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.  Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function is executed, be‐
925DEBUG:root:       cause a function definition is itself a command.  As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed.  To be safe, always put alias definitions on a separate line,
926DEBUG:root:       and do not use alias in compound commands.
927DEBUG:root:       For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
928DEBUG:root:FUNCTIONS
929DEBUG:root:       A  shell function, defined as described above under SHELL GRAMMAR, stores a series of commands for later execution.  When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated
930DEBUG:root:       with that function name is executed.  Functions are executed in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).  When a function  is
931DEBUG:root:       executed,  the  arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution.  The special parameter # is updated to reflect the change.  Special parameter 0 is unchanged.  The first element of the
932DEBUG:root:       FUNCNAME variable is set to the name of the function while the function is executing.
933DEBUG:root:       All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DEBUG and RETURN traps (see the description of the trap builtin under SHELL BUILTIN COM‐
934DEBUG:root:       MANDS  below)  are  not  inherited  unless the function has been given the trace attribute (see the description of the declare builtin below) or the -o functrace shell option has been enabled with the set builtin (in
935DEBUG:root:       which case all functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps), and the ERR trap is not inherited unless the -o errtrace shell option has been enabled.
936DEBUG:root:       Variables local to the function may be declared with the local builtin command.  Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller.
937DEBUG:root:       The FUNCNEST variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level.  Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
938DEBUG:root:       If the builtin command return is executed in a function, the function completes and execution resumes with the next command after the function call.  Any command associated with the RETURN trap is executed before ex‐
939DEBUG:root:       ecution resumes.  When a function completes, the values of the positional parameters and the special parameter # are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution.
940DEBUG:root:       Function  names  and definitions may be listed with the -f option to the declare or typeset builtin commands.  The -F option to declare or typeset will list the function names only (and optionally the source file and
941DEBUG:root:       line number, if the extdebug shell option is enabled).  Functions may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with the -f option to the export builtin.  A function definition may be deleted  us‐
942DEBUG:root:       ing  the -f option to the unset builtin.  Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's children.  Care should be
943DEBUG:root:       taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
944DEBUG:root:       Functions may be recursive.  The FUNCNEST variable may be used to limit the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.  By default, no limit is imposed on the number  of  recur‐
945DEBUG:root:       sive calls.
946DEBUG:root:ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
947DEBUG:root:       The  shell  allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain circumstances (see the let and declare builtin commands, the (( compound command, and Arithmetic Expansion).  Evaluation is done in fixed-width
948DEBUG:root:       integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.  The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the same as in the C language.  The following  list  of
949DEBUG:root:       operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators.  The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
950DEBUG:root:       id++ id--
951DEBUG:root:              variable post-increment and post-decrement
952DEBUG:root:       ++id --id
953DEBUG:root:              variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
954DEBUG:root:       - +    unary minus and plus
955DEBUG:root:       ! ~    logical and bitwise negation
956DEBUG:root:       **     exponentiation
957DEBUG:root:       * / %  multiplication, division, remainder
958DEBUG:root:       + -    addition, subtraction
959DEBUG:root:       << >>  left and right bitwise shifts
960DEBUG:root:       <= >= < >
961DEBUG:root:              comparison
962DEBUG:root:       == !=  equality and inequality
963DEBUG:root:       &      bitwise AND
964DEBUG:root:       ^      bitwise exclusive OR
965DEBUG:root:       |      bitwise OR
966DEBUG:root:       &&     logical AND
967DEBUG:root:       ||     logical OR
968DEBUG:root:       expr?expr:expr
969DEBUG:root:              conditional operator
970DEBUG:root:       = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
971DEBUG:root:              assignment
972DEBUG:root:       expr1 , expr2
973DEBUG:root:              comma
974DEBUG:root:       Shell  variables  are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is performed before the expression is evaluated.  Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter expan‐
975DEBUG:root:       sion syntax.  A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.  The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when  it  is
976DEBUG:root:       referenced, or when a variable which has been given the integer attribute using declare -i is assigned a value.  A null value evaluates to 0.  A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used
977DEBUG:root:       in an expression.
978DEBUG:root:       Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.  A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal.  Otherwise, numbers take the form [base#]n, where the optional base is a decimal number between 2  and  64  repre‐
979DEBUG:root:       senting  the arithmetic base, and n is a number in that base.  If base# is omitted, then base 10 is used.  When specifying n, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters,
980DEBUG:root:       @, and _, in that order.  If base is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.
981DEBUG:root:       Operators are evaluated in order of precedence.  Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above.
982DEBUG:root:CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
983DEBUG:root:       Conditional expressions are used by the [[ compound command and the test and [ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.  Expressions are formed from the following  unary
984DEBUG:root:       or  binary primaries.  Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in expressions.  If the operating system on which bash is running provides these special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will
985DEBUG:root:       emulate them internally with this behavior: If any file argument to one of the primaries is of the form /dev/fd/n, then file descriptor n is checked.  If  the  file  argument  to  one  of  the  primaries  is  one  of
986DEBUG:root:       /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, or /dev/stderr, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
987DEBUG:root:       Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
988DEBUG:root:       When used with [[, the < and > operators sort lexicographically using the current locale.  The test command sorts using ASCII ordering.
989DEBUG:root:       -a file
990DEBUG:root:              True if file exists.
991DEBUG:root:       -b file
992DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a block special file.
993DEBUG:root:       -c file
994DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a character special file.
995DEBUG:root:       -d file
996DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a directory.
997DEBUG:root:       -e file
998DEBUG:root:              True if file exists.
999DEBUG:root:       -f file
1000DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a regular file.
1001DEBUG:root:       -g file
1002DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is set-group-id.
1003DEBUG:root:       -h file
1004DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a symbolic link.
1005DEBUG:root:       -k file
1006DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
1007DEBUG:root:       -p file
1008DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
1009DEBUG:root:       -r file
1010DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is readable.
1011DEBUG:root:       -s file
1012DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.
1013DEBUG:root:       -t fd  True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal.
1014DEBUG:root:       -u file
1015DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
1016DEBUG:root:       -w file
1017DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is writable.
1018DEBUG:root:       -x file
1019DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is executable.
1020DEBUG:root:       -G file
1021DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is owned by the effective group id.
1022DEBUG:root:       -L file
1023DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a symbolic link.
1024DEBUG:root:       -N file
1025DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and has been modified since it was last read.
1026DEBUG:root:       -O file
1027DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is owned by the effective user id.
1028DEBUG:root:       -S file
1029DEBUG:root:              True if file exists and is a socket.
1030DEBUG:root:       file1 -ef file2
1031DEBUG:root:              True if file1 and file2 refer to the same device and inode numbers.
1032DEBUG:root:       file1 -nt file2
1033DEBUG:root:              True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2, or if file1 exists and file2 does not.
1034DEBUG:root:       file1 -ot file2
1035DEBUG:root:              True if file1 is older than file2, or if file2 exists and file1 does not.
1036DEBUG:root:       -o optname
1037DEBUG:root:              True if the shell option optname is enabled.  See the list of options under the description of the -o option to the set builtin below.
1038DEBUG:root:       -v varname
1039DEBUG:root:              True if the shell variable varname is set (has been assigned a value).
1040DEBUG:root:       -R varname
1041DEBUG:root:              True if the shell variable varname is set and is a name reference.
1042DEBUG:root:       -z string
1043DEBUG:root:              True if the length of string is zero.
1044DEBUG:root:       string
1045DEBUG:root:       -n string
1046DEBUG:root:              True if the length of string is non-zero.
1047DEBUG:root:       string1 == string2
1048DEBUG:root:       string1 = string2
1049DEBUG:root:              True if the strings are equal.  = should be used with the test command for POSIX conformance.  When used with the [[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (Compound Commands).
1050DEBUG:root:       string1 != string2
1051DEBUG:root:              True if the strings are not equal.
1052DEBUG:root:       string1 < string2
1053DEBUG:root:              True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically.
1054DEBUG:root:       string1 > string2
1055DEBUG:root:              True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically.
1056DEBUG:root:       arg1 OP arg2
1057DEBUG:root:              OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.  These arithmetic binary operators return true if arg1 is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to arg2,
1058DEBUG:root:              respectively.  Arg1 and arg2 may be positive or negative integers.
1059DEBUG:root:SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION
1060DEBUG:root:       When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
1061DEBUG:root:       1.     The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing.
1062DEBUG:root:       2.     The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are expanded.  If any words remain after expansion, the first word is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments.
1063DEBUG:root:       3.     Redirections are performed as described above under REDIRECTION.
1064DEBUG:root:       4.     The text after the = in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
1065DEBUG:root:       If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current shell environment.  Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the current  shell  environ‐
1066DEBUG:root:       ment.  If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
1067DEBUG:root:       If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not affect the current shell environment.  A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status.
1068DEBUG:root:       If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as described below.  Otherwise, the command exits.  If one of the expansions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is the
1069DEBUG:root:       exit status of the last command substitution performed.  If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
1070DEBUG:root:COMMAND EXECUTION
1071DEBUG:root:       After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken.
1072DEBUG:root:       If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate it.  If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is invoked as described above in FUNCTIONS.  If the name does not match a  func‐
1073DEBUG:root:       tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins.  If a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
1074DEBUG:root:       If  the  name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no slashes, bash searches each element of the PATH for a directory containing an executable file by that name.  Bash uses a hash table to remember
1075DEBUG:root:       the full pathnames of executable files (see hash under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  A full search of the directories in PATH is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.  If the search  is  un‐
1076DEBUG:root:       successful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named command_not_found_handle.  If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and the original command's arguments as its arguments, and
1077DEBUG:root:       the function's exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.  If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127.
1078DEBUG:root:       If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execution environment.  Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining  ar‐
1079DEBUG:root:       guments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
1080DEBUG:root:       If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a shell script, a file containing shell commands.  A subshell is spawned to execute it.  This
1081DEBUG:root:       subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see  hash  below  under  SHELL
1082DEBUG:root:       BUILTIN COMMANDS) are retained by the child.
1083DEBUG:root:       If  the  program  is a file beginning with #!, the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter for the program.  The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe‐
1084DEBUG:root:       cutable format themselves.  The arguments to the interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the
1085DEBUG:root:       command arguments, if any.
1086DEBUG:root:COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
1087DEBUG:root:       The shell has an execution environment, which consists of the following:
1088DEBUG:root:       •      open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the exec builtin
1089DEBUG:root:       •      the current working directory as set by cd, pushd, or popd, or inherited by the shell at invocation
1090DEBUG:root:       •      the file creation mode mask as set by umask or inherited from the shell's parent
1091DEBUG:root:       •      current traps set by trap
1092DEBUG:root:       •      shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with set or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
1093DEBUG:root:       •      shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
1094DEBUG:root:       •      options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line arguments) or by set
1095DEBUG:root:       •      options enabled by shopt
1096DEBUG:root:       •      shell aliases defined with alias
1097DEBUG:root:       •      various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$, and the value of PPID
1098DEBUG:root:       When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of the following.  Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited from
1099DEBUG:root:       the shell.
1100DEBUG:root:       •      the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command
1101DEBUG:root:       •      the current working directory
1102DEBUG:root:       •      the file creation mode mask
1103DEBUG:root:       •      shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
1104DEBUG:root:       •      traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
1105DEBUG:root:       A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
1106DEBUG:root:       Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchronous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell  are  reset
1107DEBUG:root:       to  the  values  that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation.  Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment.  Changes made to the subshell environment
1108DEBUG:root:       cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
1109DEBUG:root:       Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the -e option from the parent shell.  When not in posix mode, bash clears the -e option in such subshells.
1110DEBUG:root:       If a command is followed by a & and job control is not active, the default standard input for the command is the empty file /dev/null.  Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the  file  descriptors  of  the  calling
1111DEBUG:root:       shell as modified by redirections.
1112DEBUG:root:ENVIRONMENT
1113DEBUG:root:       When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the environment.  This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form name=value.
1114DEBUG:root:       The  shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment.  On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it for export to child processes.
1115DEBUG:root:       Executed commands inherit the environment.  The export and declare -x commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment.  If the value of a parameter in the environment is  modi‐
1116DEBUG:root:       fied,  the new value becomes part of the environment, replacing the old.  The environment inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell, less
1117DEBUG:root:       any pairs removed by the unset command, plus any additions via the export and declare -x commands.
1118DEBUG:root:       The environment for any simple command or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PARAMETERS.  These assignment statements affect only  the  environment
1119DEBUG:root:       seen by that command.
1120DEBUG:root:       If the -k option is set (see the set builtin command below), then all parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.
1121DEBUG:root:       When bash invokes an external command, the variable _ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environment.
1122DEBUG:root:EXIT STATUS
1123DEBUG:root:       The  exit  status  of an executed command is the value returned by the waitpid system call or equivalent function.  Exit statuses fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125
1124DEBUG:root:       specially.  Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range.  Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
1125DEBUG:root:       For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status has succeeded.  An exit status of zero indicates success.  A non-zero exit status indicates failure.  When a command terminates on a fatal  sig‐
1126DEBUG:root:       nal N, bash uses the value of 128+N as the exit status.
1127DEBUG:root:       If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it returns a status of 127.  If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126.
1128DEBUG:root:       If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero.
1129DEBUG:root:       Shell  builtin  commands  return a status of 0 (true) if successful, and non-zero (false) if an error occurs while they execute.  All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally invalid
1130DEBUG:root:       options or missing arguments.
1131DEBUG:root:       Bash itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value.  See also the exit builtin command below.
1132DEBUG:root:SIGNALS
1133DEBUG:root:       When bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SIGTERM (so that kill 0 does not kill an interactive shell), and SIGINT is caught and handled (so that the wait builtin  is  interruptible).   In  all
1134DEBUG:root:       cases, bash ignores SIGQUIT.  If job control is in effect, bash ignores SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP.
1135DEBUG:root:       Non-builtin commands run by bash have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent.  When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands ignore SIGINT and SIGQUIT in addition to these
1136DEBUG:root:       inherited handlers.  Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, and SIGTSTP.
1137DEBUG:root:       The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SIGHUP.  Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the SIGHUP to all jobs, running or stopped.  Stopped jobs are sent SIGCONT to ensure that they  receive  the  SIGHUP.
1138DEBUG:root:       To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the disown builtin (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below) or marked to not receive SIGHUP using disown -h.
1139DEBUG:root:       If the huponexit shell option has been set with shopt, bash sends a SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
1140DEBUG:root:       If  bash  is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the command completes.  When bash is waiting for an asynchronous command via the
1141DEBUG:root:       wait builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wait builtin to return immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
1142DEBUG:root:JOB CONTROL
1143DEBUG:root:       Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) the execution of processes and continue (resume) their execution at a later point.  A user typically employs this facility via an interactive  interface
1144DEBUG:root:       supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bash.
1145DEBUG:root:       The  shell  associates  a job with each pipeline.  It keeps a table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jobs command.  When bash starts a job asynchronously (in the background), it prints a line
1146DEBUG:root:       that looks like:
1147DEBUG:root:              [1] 25647
1148DEBUG:root:       indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647.  All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the  same  job.   Bash
1149DEBUG:root:       uses the job abstraction as the basis for job control.
1150DEBUG:root:       To  facilitate  the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal process group ID.  Members of this process group (processes whose process group
1151DEBUG:root:       ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as SIGINT.  These processes are said to be in the foreground.  Background processes are those whose process group ID  dif‐
1152DEBUG:root:       fers from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.  Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.  Background
1153DEBUG:root:       processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU) signal by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
1154DEBUG:root:       If the operating system on which bash is running supports job control, bash contains facilities to use it.  Typing the suspend character (typically ^Z, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to  be
1155DEBUG:root:       stopped  and  returns  control to bash.  Typing the delayed suspend character (typically ^Y, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned to
1156DEBUG:root:       bash.  The user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the bg command to continue it in the background, the fg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kill command to kill it.  A  ^Z  takes  effect
1157DEBUG:root:       immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
1158DEBUG:root:       There  are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell.  The character % introduces a job specification (jobspec).  Job number n may be referred to as %n.  A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name
1159DEBUG:root:       used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.  For example, %ce refers to a stopped ce job.  If a prefix matches more than one job, bash reports an error.  Using %?ce, on  the  other  hand,
1160DEBUG:root:       refers  to any job containing the string ce in its command line.  If the substring matches more than one job, bash reports an error.  The symbols %% and %+ refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which is the
1161DEBUG:root:       last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background.  The previous job may be referenced using %-.  If there is only a single job, %+ and %- can both be used to refer to that job.  In  output
1162DEBUG:root:       pertaining  to  jobs  (e.g., the output of the jobs command), the current job is always flagged with a +, and the previous job with a -.  A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current
1163DEBUG:root:       job.
1164DEBUG:root:       Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %1 is a synonym for ``fg %1'', bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground.  Similarly, ``%1 &'' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent
1165DEBUG:root:       to ``bg %1''.
1166DEBUG:root:       The  shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.  Normally, bash waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output.  If the -b op‐
1167DEBUG:root:       tion to the set builtin command is enabled, bash reports such changes immediately.  Any trap on SIGCHLD is executed for each child that exits.
1168DEBUG:root:       If an attempt to exit bash is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the checkjobs shell option has been enabled using the shopt builtin, running), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the checkjobs option is en‐
1169DEBUG:root:       abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.  The jobs command may then be used to inspect their status.  If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and
1170DEBUG:root:       any stopped jobs are terminated.
1171DEBUG:root:PROMPTING
1172DEBUG:root:       When executing interactively, bash displays the primary prompt PS1 when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PS2 when it needs more input to complete a command.  Bash displays PS0 after it reads  a
1173DEBUG:root:       command but before executing it.  Bash allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:
1174DEBUG:root:              \a     an ASCII bell character (07)
1175DEBUG:root:              \d     the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
1176DEBUG:root:              \D{format}
1177DEBUG:root:                     the format is passed to strftime(3) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an empty format results in a locale-specific time representation.  The braces are required
1178DEBUG:root:              \e     an ASCII escape character (033)
1179DEBUG:root:              \h     the hostname up to the first `.'
1180DEBUG:root:              \H     the hostname
1181DEBUG:root:              \j     the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
1182DEBUG:root:              \l     the basename of the shell's terminal device name
1183DEBUG:root:              \n     newline
1184DEBUG:root:              \r     carriage return
1185DEBUG:root:              \s     the name of the shell, the basename of $0 (the portion following the final slash)
1186DEBUG:root:              \t     the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
1187DEBUG:root:              \T     the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
1188DEBUG:root:              \@     the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
1189DEBUG:root:              \A     the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
1190DEBUG:root:              \u     the username of the current user
1191DEBUG:root:              \v     the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
1192DEBUG:root:              \V     the release of bash, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
1193DEBUG:root:              \w     the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PROMPT_DIRTRIM variable)
1194DEBUG:root:              \W     the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde
1195DEBUG:root:              \!     the history number of this command
1196DEBUG:root:              \#     the command number of this command
1197DEBUG:root:              \$     if the effective UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $
1198DEBUG:root:              \nnn   the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
1199DEBUG:root:              \\     a backslash
1200DEBUG:root:              \[     begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
1201DEBUG:root:              \]     end a sequence of non-printing characters
1202DEBUG:root:       The  command  number  and  the history number are usually different: the history number of a command is its position in the history list, which may include commands restored from the history file (see HISTORY below),
1203DEBUG:root:       while the command number is the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current shell session.  After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command  substitution,  arithmetic
1204DEBUG:root:       expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the promptvars shell option (see the description of the shopt command under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
1205DEBUG:root:READLINE
1206DEBUG:root:       This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive shell, unless the --noediting option is given at shell invocation.  Line editing is also used when using the -e option to the read builtin.  By
1207DEBUG:root:       default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.  A vi-style line editing interface is also available.  Line editing can be enabled at any time using the -o emacs or -o vi options to the set  builtin
1208DEBUG:root:       (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  To turn off line editing after the shell is running, use the +o emacs or +o vi options to the set builtin.
1209DEBUG:root:   Readline Notation
1210DEBUG:root:       In  this  section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.  Control keys are denoted by C-key, e.g., C-n means Control-N.  Similarly, meta keys are denoted by M-key, so M-x means Meta-X.  (On keyboards
1211DEBUG:root:       without a meta key, M-x means ESC x, i.e., press the Escape key then the x key.  This makes ESC the meta prefix.  The combination M-C-x means ESC-Control-x, or press the Escape key then hold  the  Control  key  while
1212DEBUG:root:       pressing the x key.)
1213DEBUG:root:       Readline  commands may be given numeric arguments, which normally act as a repeat count.  Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.  Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in
1214DEBUG:root:       the forward direction (e.g., kill-line) causes that command to act in a backward direction.  Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below.
1215DEBUG:root:       When a command is described as killing text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (yanking).  The killed text is saved in a kill ring.  Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated  into  one
1216DEBUG:root:       unit, which can be yanked all at once.  Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
1217DEBUG:root:   Readline Initialization
1218DEBUG:root:       Readline  is customized by putting commands in an initialization file (the inputrc file).  The name of this file is taken from the value of the INPUTRC variable.  If that variable is unset, the default is ~/.inputrc.
1219DEBUG:root:       When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are set.  There are only a few basic constructs allowed  in  the  readline  initialization
1220DEBUG:root:       file.  Blank lines are ignored.  Lines beginning with a # are comments.  Lines beginning with a $ indicate conditional constructs.  Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
1221DEBUG:root:       The default key-bindings may be changed with an inputrc file.  Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
1222DEBUG:root:       For example, placing
1223DEBUG:root:              M-Control-u: universal-argument
1224DEBUG:root:       or
1225DEBUG:root:              C-Meta-u: universal-argument
1226DEBUG:root:       into the inputrc would make M-C-u execute the readline command universal-argument.
1227DEBUG:root:       The following symbolic character names are recognized: RUBOUT, DEL, ESC, LFD, NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, SPC, SPACE, and TAB.
1228DEBUG:root:       In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a macro).
1229DEBUG:root:   Readline Key Bindings
1230DEBUG:root:       The  syntax  for controlling key bindings in the inputrc file is simple.  All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound.  The name may be speci‐
1231DEBUG:root:       fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with Meta- or Control- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
1232DEBUG:root:       When using the form keyname:function-name or macro, keyname is the name of a key spelled out in English.  For example:
1233DEBUG:root:              Control-u: universal-argument
1234DEBUG:root:              Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
1235DEBUG:root:              Control-o: "> output"
1236DEBUG:root:       In the above example, C-u is bound to the function universal-argument, M-DEL is bound to the function backward-kill-word, and C-o is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that  is,  to  insert  the
1237DEBUG:root:       text ``> output'' into the line).
1238DEBUG:root:       In  the  second  form, "keyseq":function-name or macro, keyseq differs from keyname above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes.  Some GNU Emacs
1239DEBUG:root:       style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized.
1240DEBUG:root:              "\C-u": universal-argument
1241DEBUG:root:              "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
1242DEBUG:root:              "\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
1243DEBUG:root:       In this example, C-u is again bound to the function universal-argument.  C-x C-r is bound to the function re-read-init-file, and ESC [ 1 1 ~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
1244DEBUG:root:       The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
1245DEBUG:root:              \C-    control prefix
1246DEBUG:root:              \M-    meta prefix
1247DEBUG:root:              \e     an escape character
1248DEBUG:root:              \\     backslash
1249DEBUG:root:              \"     literal "
1250DEBUG:root:              \'     literal '
1251DEBUG:root:       In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available:
1252DEBUG:root:              \a     alert (bell)
1253DEBUG:root:              \b     backspace
1254DEBUG:root:              \d     delete
1255DEBUG:root:              \f     form feed
1256DEBUG:root:              \n     newline
1257DEBUG:root:              \r     carriage return
1258DEBUG:root:              \t     horizontal tab
1259DEBUG:root:              \v     vertical tab
1260DEBUG:root:              \nnn   the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (one to three digits)
1261DEBUG:root:              \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits)
1262DEBUG:root:       When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition.  Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.  In the macro body, the backslash escapes described  above  are
1263DEBUG:root:       expanded.  Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '.
1264DEBUG:root:       Bash allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified with the bind builtin command.  The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using the -o option to the set builtin command (see
1265DEBUG:root:       SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
1266DEBUG:root:   Readline Variables
1267DEBUG:root:       Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behavior.  A variable may be set in the inputrc file with a statement of the form
1268DEBUG:root:              set variable-name value
1269DEBUG:root:       Except where noted, readline variables can take the values On or Off (without regard to case).  Unrecognized variable names are ignored.  When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on"  (case-insensitive),
1270DEBUG:root:       and "1" are equivalent to On.  All other values are equivalent to Off.  The variables and their default values are:
1271DEBUG:root:       bell-style (audible)
1272DEBUG:root:              Controls  what  happens  when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.  If set to none, readline never rings the bell.  If set to visible, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.  If set to audible,
1273DEBUG:root:              readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
1274DEBUG:root:       bind-tty-special-chars (On)
1275DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline equivalents.
1276DEBUG:root:       blink-matching-paren (Off)
1277DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
1278DEBUG:root:       colored-completion-prefix (Off)
1279DEBUG:root:              If set to On, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a different color.  The color definitions are taken from the value of the LS_COLORS environ‐
1280DEBUG:root:              ment variable.
1281DEBUG:root:       colored-stats (Off)
1282DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline displays possible completions using different colors to indicate their file type.  The color definitions are taken from the value of the LS_COLORS environment variable.
1283DEBUG:root:       comment-begin (``#'')
1284DEBUG:root:              The string that is inserted when the readline insert-comment command is executed.  This command is bound to M-# in emacs mode and to # in vi command mode.
1285DEBUG:root:       completion-display-width (-1)
1286DEBUG:root:              The  number of screen columns used to display possible matches when performing completion.  The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width.  A value of 0 will cause matches
1287DEBUG:root:              to be displayed one per line.  The default value is -1.
1288DEBUG:root:       completion-ignore-case (Off)
1289DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion.
1290DEBUG:root:       completion-map-case (Off)
1291DEBUG:root:              If set to On, and completion-ignore-case is enabled, readline treats hyphens (-) and underscores (_) as equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
1292DEBUG:root:       completion-prefix-display-length (0)
1293DEBUG:root:              The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible completions that is displayed without modification.  When set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this  value  are  re‐
1294DEBUG:root:              placed with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
1295DEBUG:root:       completion-query-items (100)
1296DEBUG:root:              This  determines  when the user is queried about viewing the number of possible completions generated by the possible-completions command.  It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero.  If
1297DEBUG:root:              the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal.
1298DEBUG:root:       convert-meta (On)
1299DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the meta prefix).   The
1300DEBUG:root:              default is On, but readline will set it to Off if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
1301DEBUG:root:       disable-completion (Off)
1302DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline will inhibit word completion.  Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to self-insert.
1303DEBUG:root:       echo-control-characters (On)
1304DEBUG:root:              When set to On, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the keyboard.
1305DEBUG:root:       editing-mode (emacs)
1306DEBUG:root:              Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar to Emacs or vi.  editing-mode can be set to either emacs or vi.
1307DEBUG:root:       enable-bracketed-paste (Off)
1308DEBUG:root:              When  set to On, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating each character as if it had
1309DEBUG:root:              been read from the keyboard.  This can prevent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing commands.
1310DEBUG:root:       enable-keypad (Off)
1311DEBUG:root:              When set to On, readline will try to enable the application keypad when it is called.  Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys.
1312DEBUG:root:       enable-meta-key (On)
1313DEBUG:root:              When set to On, readline will try to enable any meta modifier key the terminal claims to support when it is called.  On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
1314DEBUG:root:       expand-tilde (Off)
1315DEBUG:root:              If set to On, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion.
1316DEBUG:root:       history-preserve-point (Off)
1317DEBUG:root:              If set to On, the history code attempts to place point at the same location on each history line retrieved with previous-history or next-history.
1318DEBUG:root:       history-size (unset)
1319DEBUG:root:              Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.  If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved.  If set to a value less than  zero,  the  number  of
1320DEBUG:root:              history  entries  is  not  limited.  By default, the number of history entries is set to the value of the HISTSIZE shell variable.  If an attempt is made to set history-size to a non-numeric value, the maximum
1321DEBUG:root:              number of history entries will be set to 500.
1322DEBUG:root:       horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)
1323DEBUG:root:              When set to On, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
1324DEBUG:root:       input-meta (Off)
1325DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.  The name meta-flag is a syn‐
1326DEBUG:root:              onym for this variable.  The default is Off, but readline will set it to On if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
1327DEBUG:root:       isearch-terminators (``C-[C-J'')
1328DEBUG:root:              The  string  of  characters  that should terminate an incremental search without subsequently executing the character as a command.  If this variable has not been given a value, the characters ESC and C-J will
1329DEBUG:root:              terminate an incremental search.
1330DEBUG:root:       keymap (emacs)
1331DEBUG:root:              Set the current readline keymap.  The set of valid keymap names is emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-command, and vi-insert.   vi  is  equivalent  to  vi-command;  emacs  is  equivalent  to
1332DEBUG:root:              emacs-standard.  The default value is emacs; the value of editing-mode also affects the default keymap.
1333DEBUG:root:       emacs-mode-string (@)
1334DEBUG:root:              This  string  is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active.  The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
1335DEBUG:root:              and backslash escape sequences is available.  Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.
1336DEBUG:root:       keyseq-timeout (500)
1337DEBUG:root:              Specifies the duration readline will wait for a character when reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete
1338DEBUG:root:              a  longer  key  sequence).   If no input is received within the timeout, readline will use the shorter but complete key sequence.  The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that readline
1339DEBUG:root:              will wait one second for additional input.  If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, readline will wait until another key is pressed to  decide  which  key  se‐
1340DEBUG:root:              quence to complete.
1341DEBUG:root:       mark-directories (On)
1342DEBUG:root:              If set to On, completed directory names have a slash appended.
1343DEBUG:root:       mark-modified-lines (Off)
1344DEBUG:root:              If set to On, history lines that have been modified are displayed with a preceding asterisk (*).
1345DEBUG:root:       mark-symlinked-directories (Off)
1346DEBUG:root:              If set to On, completed names which are symbolic links to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mark-directories).
1347DEBUG:root:       match-hidden-files (On)
1348DEBUG:root:              This  variable,  when  set to On, causes readline to match files whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename completion.  If set to Off, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in
1349DEBUG:root:              the filename to be completed.
1350DEBUG:root:       menu-complete-display-prefix (Off)
1351DEBUG:root:              If set to On, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list.
1352DEBUG:root:       output-meta (Off)
1353DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.  The default is Off, but readline will set it to On if the locale contains eight-
1354DEBUG:root:              bit characters.
1355DEBUG:root:       page-completions (On)
1356DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline uses an internal more-like pager to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
1357DEBUG:root:       print-completions-horizontally (Off)
1358DEBUG:root:              If set to On, readline will display completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
1359DEBUG:root:       revert-all-at-newline (Off)
1360DEBUG:root:              If  set  to  On, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when accept-line is executed.  By default, history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to read‐
1361DEBUG:root:              line.
1362DEBUG:root:       show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)
1363DEBUG:root:              This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.  If set to On, words which have more than one possible completion cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
1364DEBUG:root:       show-all-if-unmodified (Off)
1365DEBUG:root:              This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to show-all-if-ambiguous.  If set to On, words which have more than one possible completion without any possible  partial  com‐
1366DEBUG:root:              pletion (the possible completions don't share a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
1367DEBUG:root:       show-mode-in-prompt (Off)
1368DEBUG:root:              If set to On, add a character to the beginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi insertion (+).
1369DEBUG:root:       skip-completed-text (Off)
1370DEBUG:root:              If  set  to On, this alters the default completion behavior when inserting a single match into the line.  It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.  If enabled, readline does not in‐
1371DEBUG:root:              sert characters from the completion that match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
1372DEBUG:root:       vi-cmd-mode-string ((cmd))
1373DEBUG:root:              This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in command mode.  The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of  meta-  and
1374DEBUG:root:              control  prefixes  and backslash escape sequences is available.  Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
1375DEBUG:root:              mode string.
1376DEBUG:root:       vi-ins-mode-string ((ins))
1377DEBUG:root:              This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode.  The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
1378DEBUG:root:              control  prefixes  and backslash escape sequences is available.  Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
1379DEBUG:root:              mode string.
1380DEBUG:root:       visible-stats (Off)
1381DEBUG:root:              If set to On, a character denoting a file's type as reported by stat(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible completions.
1382DEBUG:root:   Readline Conditional Constructs
1383DEBUG:root:       Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests.  There  are  four
1384DEBUG:root:       parser directives used.
1385DEBUG:root:       $if    The  $if  construct allows bindings to be made based on the editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline.  The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are re‐
1386DEBUG:root:              quired to isolate it.
1387DEBUG:root:              mode   The mode= form of the $if directive is used to test whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.  This may be used in conjunction with  the  set  keymap  command,  for  instance,  to  set  bindings  in  the
1388DEBUG:root:                     emacs-standard and emacs-ctlx keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode.
1389DEBUG:root:              term   The  term=  form  may  be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys.  The word on the right side of the = is tested against
1390DEBUG:root:                     both the full name of the terminal and the portion of the terminal name before the first -.  This allows sun to match both sun and sun-cmd, for instance.
1391DEBUG:root:              application
1392DEBUG:root:                     The application construct is used to include application-specific settings.  Each program using the readline library sets the application name, and an initialization  file  can  test  for  a  particular
1393DEBUG:root:                     value.  This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific program.  For instance, the following command adds a key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bash:
1394DEBUG:root:                     $if Bash
1395DEBUG:root:                     # Quote the current or previous word
1396DEBUG:root:                     "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
1397DEBUG:root:                     $endif
1398DEBUG:root:       $endif This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $if command.
1399DEBUG:root:       $else  Commands in this branch of the $if directive are executed if the test fails.
1400DEBUG:root:       $include
1401DEBUG:root:              This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands and bindings from that file.  For example, the following directive would read /etc/inputrc:
1402DEBUG:root:              $include  /etc/inputrc
1403DEBUG:root:   Searching
1404DEBUG:root:       Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HISTORY below) for lines containing a specified string.  There are two search modes: incremental and non-incremental.
1405DEBUG:root:       Incremental  searches begin before the user has finished typing the search string.  As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
1406DEBUG:root:       An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to find the desired history entry.  The characters present in the value of the isearch-terminators  variable  are  used  to  terminate  an  incremental
1407DEBUG:root:       search.   If  that variable has not been assigned a value the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.  Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.  When the
1408DEBUG:root:       search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line.
1409DEBUG:root:       To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as appropriate.  This will search backward or forward in the history for the next entry matching the search string typed  so  far.   Any
1410DEBUG:root:       other  key  sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and execute that command.  For instance, a newline will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the his‐
1411DEBUG:root:       tory list.
1412DEBUG:root:       Readline remembers the last incremental search string.  If two Control-Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used.
1413DEBUG:root:       Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting to search for matching history lines.  The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
1414DEBUG:root:   Readline Command Names
1415DEBUG:root:       The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound.  Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.  In the following  descriptions,
1416DEBUG:root:       point refers to the current cursor position, and mark refers to a cursor position saved by the set-mark command.  The text between the point and mark is referred to as the region.
1417DEBUG:root:   Commands for Moving
1418DEBUG:root:       beginning-of-line (C-a)
1419DEBUG:root:              Move to the start of the current line.
1420DEBUG:root:       end-of-line (C-e)
1421DEBUG:root:              Move to the end of the line.
1422DEBUG:root:       forward-char (C-f)
1423DEBUG:root:              Move forward a character.
1424DEBUG:root:       backward-char (C-b)
1425DEBUG:root:              Move back a character.
1426DEBUG:root:       forward-word (M-f)
1427DEBUG:root:              Move forward to the end of the next word.  Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
1428DEBUG:root:       backward-word (M-b)
1429DEBUG:root:              Move back to the start of the current or previous word.  Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
1430DEBUG:root:       shell-forward-word
1431DEBUG:root:              Move forward to the end of the next word.  Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
1432DEBUG:root:       shell-backward-word
1433DEBUG:root:              Move back to the start of the current or previous word.  Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
1434DEBUG:root:       clear-screen (C-l)
1435DEBUG:root:              Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.  With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.
1436DEBUG:root:       redraw-current-line
1437DEBUG:root:              Refresh the current line.
1438DEBUG:root:   Commands for Manipulating the History
1439DEBUG:root:       accept-line (Newline, Return)
1440DEBUG:root:              Accept  the  line regardless of where the cursor is.  If this line is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the HISTCONTROL variable.  If the line is a modified history line, then re‐
1441DEBUG:root:              store the history line to its original state.
1442DEBUG:root:       previous-history (C-p)
1443DEBUG:root:              Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list.
1444DEBUG:root:       next-history (C-n)
1445DEBUG:root:              Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list.
1446DEBUG:root:       beginning-of-history (M-<)
1447DEBUG:root:              Move to the first line in the history.
1448DEBUG:root:       end-of-history (M->)
1449DEBUG:root:              Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered.
1450DEBUG:root:       reverse-search-history (C-r)
1451DEBUG:root:              Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
1452DEBUG:root:       forward-search-history (C-s)
1453DEBUG:root:              Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through the history as necessary.  This is an incremental search.
1454DEBUG:root:       non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)
1455DEBUG:root:              Search backward through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
1456DEBUG:root:       non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)
1457DEBUG:root:              Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
1458DEBUG:root:       history-search-forward
1459DEBUG:root:              Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point.  This is a non-incremental search.
1460DEBUG:root:       history-search-backward
1461DEBUG:root:              Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point.  This is a non-incremental search.
1462DEBUG:root:       yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)
1463DEBUG:root:              Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point.  With an argument n, insert the nth word from the previous command (the words in the previous  command
1464DEBUG:root:              begin  with word 0).  A negative argument inserts the nth word from the end of the previous command.  Once the argument n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!n" history expansion had been speci‐
1465DEBUG:root:              fied.
1466DEBUG:root:       yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)
1467DEBUG:root:              Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry).  With a numeric argument, behave exactly like yank-nth-arg.  Successive calls to yank-last-arg move back  through
1468DEBUG:root:              the  history  list,  inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn.  Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines the direction to
1469DEBUG:root:              move through the history.  A negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward).  The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$"  history  expan‐
1470DEBUG:root:              sion had been specified.
1471DEBUG:root:       shell-expand-line (M-C-e)
1472DEBUG:root:              Expand the line as the shell does.  This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions.  See HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion.
1473DEBUG:root:       history-expand-line (M-^)
1474DEBUG:root:              Perform history expansion on the current line.  See HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion.
1475DEBUG:root:       magic-space
1476DEBUG:root:              Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space.  See HISTORY EXPANSION below for a description of history expansion.
1477DEBUG:root:       alias-expand-line
1478DEBUG:root:              Perform alias expansion on the current line.  See ALIASES above for a description of alias expansion.
1479DEBUG:root:       history-and-alias-expand-line
1480DEBUG:root:              Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
1481DEBUG:root:       insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)
1482DEBUG:root:              A synonym for yank-last-arg.
1483DEBUG:root:       operate-and-get-next (C-o)
1484DEBUG:root:              Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line relative to the current line from the history for editing.  Any argument is ignored.
1485DEBUG:root:       edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)
1486DEBUG:root:              Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands.  Bash attempts to invoke $VISUAL, $EDITOR, and emacs as the editor, in that order.
1487DEBUG:root:   Commands for Changing Text
1488DEBUG:root:       end-of-file (usually C-d)
1489DEBUG:root:              The  character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by ``stty''.  If this character is read when there are no characters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline interprets it as
1490DEBUG:root:              the end of input and returns EOF.
1491DEBUG:root:       delete-char (C-d)
1492DEBUG:root:              Delete the character at point.  If this function is bound to the same character as the tty EOF character, as C-d commonly is, see above for the effects.
1493DEBUG:root:       backward-delete-char (Rubout)
1494DEBUG:root:              Delete the character behind the cursor.  When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
1495DEBUG:root:       forward-backward-delete-char
1496DEBUG:root:              Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is deleted.
1497DEBUG:root:       quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)
1498DEBUG:root:              Add the next character typed to the line verbatim.  This is how to insert characters like C-q, for example.
1499DEBUG:root:       tab-insert (C-v TAB)
1500DEBUG:root:              Insert a tab character.
1501DEBUG:root:       self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)
1502DEBUG:root:              Insert the character typed.
1503DEBUG:root:       transpose-chars (C-t)
1504DEBUG:root:              Drag the character before point forward over the character at point, moving point forward as well.  If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.  Negative arguments
1505DEBUG:root:              have no effect.
1506DEBUG:root:       transpose-words (M-t)
1507DEBUG:root:              Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving point over that word as well.  If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
1508DEBUG:root:       upcase-word (M-u)
1509DEBUG:root:              Uppercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
1510DEBUG:root:       downcase-word (M-l)
1511DEBUG:root:              Lowercase the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
1512DEBUG:root:       capitalize-word (M-c)
1513DEBUG:root:              Capitalize the current (or following) word.  With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
1514DEBUG:root:       overwrite-mode
1515DEBUG:root:              Toggle  overwrite mode.  With an explicit positive numeric argument, switches to overwrite mode.  With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode.  This command affects only emacs mode;
1516DEBUG:root:              vi mode does overwrite differently.  Each call to readline() starts in insert mode.  In overwrite mode, characters bound to self-insert replace the text at point rather than pushing  the  text  to  the  right.
1517DEBUG:root:              Characters bound to backward-delete-char replace the character before point with a space.  By default, this command is unbound.
1518DEBUG:root:   Killing and Yanking
1519DEBUG:root:       kill-line (C-k)
1520DEBUG:root:              Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
1521DEBUG:root:       backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)
1522DEBUG:root:              Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
1523DEBUG:root:       unix-line-discard (C-u)
1524DEBUG:root:              Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line.  The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
1525DEBUG:root:       kill-whole-line
1526DEBUG:root:              Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
1527DEBUG:root:       kill-word (M-d)
1528DEBUG:root:              Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word.  Word boundaries are the same as those used by forward-word.
1529DEBUG:root:       backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)
1530DEBUG:root:              Kill the word behind point.  Word boundaries are the same as those used by backward-word.
1531DEBUG:root:       shell-kill-word
1532DEBUG:root:              Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between words, to the end of the next word.  Word boundaries are the same as those used by shell-forward-word.
1533DEBUG:root:       shell-backward-kill-word
1534DEBUG:root:              Kill the word behind point.  Word boundaries are the same as those used by shell-backward-word.
1535DEBUG:root:       unix-word-rubout (C-w)
1536DEBUG:root:              Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.  The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
1537DEBUG:root:       unix-filename-rubout
1538DEBUG:root:              Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character as the word boundaries.  The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
1539DEBUG:root:       delete-horizontal-space (M-\)
1540DEBUG:root:              Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
1541DEBUG:root:       kill-region
1542DEBUG:root:              Kill the text in the current region.
1543DEBUG:root:       copy-region-as-kill
1544DEBUG:root:              Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
1545DEBUG:root:       copy-backward-word
1546DEBUG:root:              Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.  The word boundaries are the same as backward-word.
1547DEBUG:root:       copy-forward-word
1548DEBUG:root:              Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.  The word boundaries are the same as forward-word.
1549DEBUG:root:       yank (C-y)
1550DEBUG:root:              Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
1551DEBUG:root:       yank-pop (M-y)
1552DEBUG:root:              Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top.  Only works following yank or yank-pop.
1553DEBUG:root:   Numeric Arguments
1554DEBUG:root:       digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--)
1555DEBUG:root:              Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument.  M-- starts a negative argument.
1556DEBUG:root:       universal-argument
1557DEBUG:root:              This  is  another  way to specify an argument.  If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.  If the command is followed by digits,
1558DEBUG:root:              executing universal-argument again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.  As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a character that is neither a digit nor  minus  sign,  the
1559DEBUG:root:              argument  count for the next command is multiplied by four.  The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the argument count
1560DEBUG:root:              sixteen, and so on.
1561DEBUG:root:   Completing
1562DEBUG:root:       complete (TAB)
1563DEBUG:root:              Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.  Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins
1564DEBUG:root:              with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn.  If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
1565DEBUG:root:       possible-completions (M-?)
1566DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point.
1567DEBUG:root:       insert-completions (M-*)
1568DEBUG:root:              Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by possible-completions.
1569DEBUG:root:       menu-complete
1570DEBUG:root:              Similar  to  complete,  but replaces the word to be completed with a single match from the list of possible completions.  Repeated execution of menu-complete steps through the list of possible completions, in‐
1571DEBUG:root:              serting each match in turn.  At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bell-style) and the original text is restored.  An argument of n moves n positions forward in the
1572DEBUG:root:              list of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward through the list.  This command is intended to be bound to TAB, but is unbound by default.
1573DEBUG:root:       menu-complete-backward
1574DEBUG:root:              Identical to menu-complete, but moves backward through the list of possible completions, as if menu-complete had been given a negative argument.  This command is unbound by default.
1575DEBUG:root:       delete-char-or-list
1576DEBUG:root:              Deletes  the  character  under the cursor if not at the beginning or end of the line (like delete-char).  If at the end of the line, behaves identically to possible-completions.  This command is unbound by de‐
1577DEBUG:root:              fault.
1578DEBUG:root:       complete-filename (M-/)
1579DEBUG:root:              Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
1580DEBUG:root:       possible-filename-completions (C-x /)
1581DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename.
1582DEBUG:root:       complete-username (M-~)
1583DEBUG:root:              Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username.
1584DEBUG:root:       possible-username-completions (C-x ~)
1585DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username.
1586DEBUG:root:       complete-variable (M-$)
1587DEBUG:root:              Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable.
1588DEBUG:root:       possible-variable-completions (C-x $)
1589DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable.
1590DEBUG:root:       complete-hostname (M-@)
1591DEBUG:root:              Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname.
1592DEBUG:root:       possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)
1593DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname.
1594DEBUG:root:       complete-command (M-!)
1595DEBUG:root:              Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a command name.  Command completion attempts to match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell  builtins,  and  finally  exe‐
1596DEBUG:root:              cutable filenames, in that order.
1597DEBUG:root:       possible-command-completions (C-x !)
1598DEBUG:root:              List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name.
1599DEBUG:root:       dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)
1600DEBUG:root:              Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches.
1601DEBUG:root:       dabbrev-expand
1602DEBUG:root:              Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches.
1603DEBUG:root:       complete-into-braces (M-{)
1604DEBUG:root:              Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see Brace Expansion above).
1605DEBUG:root:   Keyboard Macros
1606DEBUG:root:       start-kbd-macro (C-x ()
1607DEBUG:root:              Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
1608DEBUG:root:       end-kbd-macro (C-x ))
1609DEBUG:root:              Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition.
1610DEBUG:root:       call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)
1611DEBUG:root:              Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
1612DEBUG:root:       print-last-kbd-macro ()
1613DEBUG:root:              Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the inputrc file.
1614DEBUG:root:   Miscellaneous
1615DEBUG:root:       re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)
1616DEBUG:root:              Read in the contents of the inputrc file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there.
1617DEBUG:root:       abort (C-g)
1618DEBUG:root:              Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bell-style).
1619DEBUG:root:       do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...)
1620DEBUG:root:              If the metafied character x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
1621DEBUG:root:       prefix-meta (ESC)
1622DEBUG:root:              Metafy the next character typed.  ESC f is equivalent to Meta-f.
1623DEBUG:root:       undo (C-_, C-x C-u)
1624DEBUG:root:              Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
1625DEBUG:root:       revert-line (M-r)
1626DEBUG:root:              Undo all changes made to this line.  This is like executing the undo command enough times to return the line to its initial state.
1627DEBUG:root:       tilde-expand (M-&)
1628DEBUG:root:              Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
1629DEBUG:root:       set-mark (C-@, M-<space>)
1630DEBUG:root:              Set the mark to the point.  If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
1631DEBUG:root:       exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)
1632DEBUG:root:              Swap the point with the mark.  The current cursor position is set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
1633DEBUG:root:       character-search (C-])
1634DEBUG:root:              A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that character.  A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
1635DEBUG:root:       character-search-backward (M-C-])
1636DEBUG:root:              A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that character.  A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences.
1637DEBUG:root:       skip-csi-sequence
1638DEBUG:root:              Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those defined for keys like Home and End.  Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[.  If this sequence is bound
1639DEBUG:root:              to "\[", keys producing such sequences will have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.  This is unbound by default, but usually
1640DEBUG:root:              bound to ESC-[.
1641DEBUG:root:       insert-comment (M-#)
1642DEBUG:root:              Without  a numeric argument, the value of the readline comment-begin variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.  If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if the charac‐
1643DEBUG:root:              ters at the beginning of the line do not match the value of comment-begin, the value is inserted, otherwise the characters in comment-begin are deleted from the beginning of the line.  In either case, the line
1644DEBUG:root:              is  accepted as if a newline had been typed.  The default value of comment-begin causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.  If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed,
1645DEBUG:root:              the line will be executed by the shell.
1646DEBUG:root:       glob-complete-word (M-g)
1647DEBUG:root:              The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended.  This pattern is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions.
1648DEBUG:root:       glob-expand-word (C-x *)
1649DEBUG:root:              The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replacing the word.  If a numeric argument is supplied,  an  asterisk  is  appended  before
1650DEBUG:root:              pathname expansion.
1651DEBUG:root:       glob-list-expansions (C-x g)
1652DEBUG:root:              The list of expansions that would have been generated by glob-expand-word is displayed, and the line is redrawn.  If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
1653DEBUG:root:       dump-functions
1654DEBUG:root:              Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an inputrc file.
1655DEBUG:root:       dump-variables
1656DEBUG:root:              Print  all  of  the  settable readline variables and their values to the readline output stream.  If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an inputrc
1657DEBUG:root:              file.
1658DEBUG:root:       dump-macros
1659DEBUG:root:              Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.  If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an inputrc file.
1660DEBUG:root:       display-shell-version (C-x C-v)
1661DEBUG:root:              Display version information about the current instance of bash.
1662DEBUG:root:   Programmable Completion
1663DEBUG:root:       When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for which a completion specification (a compspec) has been defined using the complete builtin (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below), the  programmable  com‐
1664DEBUG:root:       pletion facilities are invoked.
1665DEBUG:root:       First,  the  command  name is identified.  If the command word is the empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), any compspec defined with the -E option to complete is used.  If a compspec
1666DEBUG:root:       has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word.  If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched for first.   If
1667DEBUG:root:       no  compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.  If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the -D option to
1668DEBUG:root:       complete is used as the default.
1669DEBUG:root:       Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of matching words.  If a compspec is not found, the default bash completion as described above under Completing is performed.
1670DEBUG:root:       First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.  Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned.  When the -f or -d option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell
1671DEBUG:root:       variable FIGNORE is used to filter the matches.
1672DEBUG:root:       Any  completions  specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -G option are generated next.  The words generated by the pattern need not match the word being completed.  The GLOBIGNORE shell variable is not used
1673DEBUG:root:       to filter the matches, but the FIGNORE variable is used.
1674DEBUG:root:       Next, the string specified as the argument to the -W option is considered.  The string is first split using the characters in the IFS special variable as delimiters.  Shell quoting is honored.  Each word is then  ex‐
1675DEBUG:root:       panded  using  brace  expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EXPANSION.  The results are split using the rules described
1676DEBUG:root:       above under Word Splitting.  The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
1677DEBUG:root:       After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command specified with the -F and -C options is invoked.  When the command or function is invoked, the COMP_LINE,  COMP_POINT,  COMP_KEY,  and  COMP_TYPE
1678DEBUG:root:       variables are assigned values as described above under Shell Variables.  If a shell function is being invoked, the COMP_WORDS and COMP_CWORD variables are also set.  When the function or command is invoked, the first
1679DEBUG:root:       argument ($1) is the name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the second argument ($2) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($3) is the word preceding the word being  completed  on  the
1680DEBUG:root:       current command line.  No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
1681DEBUG:root:       Any function specified with -F is invoked first.  The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the compgen builtin described below, to generate the matches.  It must put the possible completions in the
1682DEBUG:root:       COMPREPLY array variable, one per array element.
1683DEBUG:root:       Next, any command specified with the -C option is invoked in an environment equivalent to command substitution.  It should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard output.  Backslash may be used  to
1684DEBUG:root:       escape a newline, if necessary.
1685DEBUG:root:       After  all  of  the possible completions are generated, any filter specified with the -X option is applied to the list.  The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a & in the pattern is replaced with the
1686DEBUG:root:       text of the word being completed.  A literal & may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.  Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.  A leading !
1687DEBUG:root:       negates the pattern; in this case any completion not matching the pattern will be removed.  If the nocasematch shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
1688DEBUG:root:       Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -P and -S options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
1689DEBUG:root:       If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the -o dirnames option was supplied to complete when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted.
1690DEBUG:root:       If the -o plusdirs option was supplied to complete when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions.
1691DEBUG:root:       By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned to the completion code as the full set of possible completions.  The default bash completions are not attempted, and the readline default of file‐
1692DEBUG:root:       name completion is disabled.  If the -o bashdefault option was supplied to complete when the compspec was defined, the bash default completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.  If the  -o  default
1693DEBUG:root:       option was supplied to complete when the compspec was defined, readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bash completions) generate no matches.
1694DEBUG:root:       When  a  compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to the
1695DEBUG:root:       value of the mark-directories readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mark-symlinked-directories readline variable.
1696DEBUG:root:       There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.  This is most useful when used in combination with a default completion specified with complete -D.  It's possible for shell functions executed as  comple‐
1697DEBUG:root:       tion  handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by returning an exit status of 124.  If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being at‐
1698DEBUG:root:       tempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an attempt to find a new compspec for that command.  This allows a set of  completions
1699DEBUG:root:       to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.
1700DEBUG:root:       For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically:
1701DEBUG:root:       _completion_loader()
1702DEBUG:root:       {
1703DEBUG:root:            . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
1704DEBUG:root:       }
1705DEBUG:root:       complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default
1706DEBUG:root:HISTORY
1707DEBUG:root:       When the -o history option to the set builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the command history, the list of commands previously typed.  The value of the HISTSIZE variable is used as the number of commands
1708DEBUG:root:       to save in a history list.  The text of the last HISTSIZE commands (default 500) is saved.  The shell stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EXPANSION above) but  after
1709DEBUG:root:       history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HISTIGNORE and HISTCONTROL.
1710DEBUG:root:       On  startup,  the history is initialized from the file named by the variable HISTFILE (default ~/.bash_history).  The file named by the value of HISTFILE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the number
1711DEBUG:root:       of lines specified by the value of HISTFILESIZE.  If HISTFILESIZE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.  When the history file  is  read,
1712DEBUG:root:       lines  beginning  with  the history comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.  These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of
1713DEBUG:root:       the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable.  When a shell with history enabled exits, the last $HISTSIZE lines are copied from the history list to $HISTFILE.  If the histappend shell option is enabled (see the description of  shopt
1714DEBUG:root:       under  SHELL  BUILTIN COMMANDS below), the lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten.  If HISTFILE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved.  If
1715DEBUG:root:       the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions.  This uses the history comment character  to
1716DEBUG:root:       distinguish timestamps from other history lines.  After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HISTFILESIZE lines.  If HISTFILESIZE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or
1717DEBUG:root:       a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
1718DEBUG:root:       The builtin command fc (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list.  The history builtin may be used to display or modify the history list  and  manipu‐
1719DEBUG:root:       late the history file.  When using command-line editing, search commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list.
1720DEBUG:root:       The  shell  allows  control over which commands are saved on the history list.  The HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered.  The cmdhist shell
1721DEBUG:root:       option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic  correctness.   The  lithist  shell  option
1722DEBUG:root:       causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons.  See the description of the shopt builtin below under SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
1723DEBUG:root:HISTORY EXPANSION
1724DEBUG:root:       The  shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the history expansion in csh.  This section describes what syntax features are available.  This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells,
1725DEBUG:root:       and can be disabled using the +H option to the set builtin command (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).  Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default.
1726DEBUG:root:       History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or  fix  errors  in  previous
1727DEBUG:root:       commands quickly.
1728DEBUG:root:       History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words.  It takes place in two parts.  The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during
1729DEBUG:root:       substitution.  The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.  The line selected from the history is the event, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are words.  Various
1730DEBUG:root:       modifiers  are  available  to manipulate the selected words.  The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several metacharacter-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered
1731DEBUG:root:       one word.  History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansion character, which is ! by default.  Only backslash (\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the  his‐
1732DEBUG:root:       tory expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
1733DEBUG:root:       Several  characters  inhibit  history expansion if found immediately following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, tab, newline, carriage return, and =.  If the extglob shell option is en‐
1734DEBUG:root:       abled, ( will also inhibit expansion.
1735DEBUG:root:       Several shell options settable with the shopt builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion.  If the histverify shell option is enabled (see the description of the shopt builtin below), and readline
1736DEBUG:root:       is  being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser.  Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the readline editing buffer for further modification.  If readline is being used, and
1737DEBUG:root:       the histreedit shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution will be reloaded into the readline editing buffer for correction.  The -p option to the history builtin command may be used to see what a  history
1738DEBUG:root:       expansion will do before using it.  The -s option to the history builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall.
1739DEBUG:root:       The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of histchars above under Shell Variables).  The shell uses the history comment character to mark history
1740DEBUG:root:       timestamps when writing the history file.
1741DEBUG:root:   Event Designators
1742DEBUG:root:       An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.  Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list.
1743DEBUG:root:       !      Start a history substitution, except when followed by a blank, newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the extglob shell option is enabled using the shopt builtin).
1744DEBUG:root:       !n     Refer to command line n.
1745DEBUG:root:       !-n    Refer to the current command minus n.
1746DEBUG:root:       !!     Refer to the previous command.  This is a synonym for `!-1'.
1747DEBUG:root:       !string
1748DEBUG:root:              Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with string.
1749DEBUG:root:       !?string[?]
1750DEBUG:root:              Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list containing string.  The trailing ? may be omitted if string is followed immediately by a newline.
1751DEBUG:root:       ^string1^string2^
1752DEBUG:root:              Quick substitution.  Repeat the previous command, replacing string1 with string2.  Equivalent to ``!!:s/string1/string2/'' (see Modifiers below).
1753DEBUG:root:       !#     The entire command line typed so far.
1754DEBUG:root:   Word Designators
1755DEBUG:root:       Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.  A : separates the event specification from the word designator.  It may be omitted if the word designator begins with a ^, $, *, -, or %.  Words  are
1756DEBUG:root:       numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).  Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
1757DEBUG:root:       0 (zero)
1758DEBUG:root:              The zeroth word.  For the shell, this is the command word.
1759DEBUG:root:       n      The nth word.
1760DEBUG:root:       ^      The first argument.  That is, word 1.
1761DEBUG:root:       $      The last word.  This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
1762DEBUG:root:       %      The word matched by the most recent `?string?' search.
1763DEBUG:root:       x-y    A range of words; `-y' abbreviates `0-y'.
1764DEBUG:root:       *      All of the words but the zeroth.  This is a synonym for `1-$'.  It is not an error to use * if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case.
1765DEBUG:root:       x*     Abbreviates x-$.
1766DEBUG:root:       x-     Abbreviates x-$ like x*, but omits the last word.
1767DEBUG:root:       If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event.
1768DEBUG:root:   Modifiers
1769DEBUG:root:       After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
1770DEBUG:root:       h      Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
1771DEBUG:root:       t      Remove all leading filename components, leaving the tail.
1772DEBUG:root:       r      Remove a trailing suffix of the form .xxx, leaving the basename.
1773DEBUG:root:       e      Remove all but the trailing suffix.
1774DEBUG:root:       p      Print the new command but do not execute it.
1775DEBUG:root:       q      Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
1776DEBUG:root:       x      Quote the substituted words as with q, but break into words at blanks and newlines.
1777DEBUG:root:       s/old/new/
1778DEBUG:root:              Substitute new for the first occurrence of old in the event line.  Any delimiter can be used in place of /.  The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line.  The delimiter may be
1779DEBUG:root:              quoted in old and new with a single backslash.  If & appears in new, it is replaced by old.  A single backslash will quote the &.  If old is null, it is set to the last old substituted, or, if no previous his‐
1780DEBUG:root:              tory substitutions took place, the last string in a !?string[?]  search.
1781DEBUG:root:       &      Repeat the previous substitution.
1782DEBUG:root:       g      Cause  changes to be applied over the entire event line.  This is used in conjunction with `:s' (e.g., `:gs/old/new/') or `:&'.  If used with `:s', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and the final delim‐
1783DEBUG:root:              iter is optional if it is the last character of the event line.  An a may be used as a synonym for g.
1784DEBUG:root:       G      Apply the following `s' modifier once to each word in the event line.
1785DEBUG:root:SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
1786DEBUG:root:       Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by - accepts -- to signify the end of the options.  The :, true, false, and test builtins do  not  accept  options
1787DEBUG:root:       and do not treat -- specially.  The exit, logout, return, break, continue, let, and shift builtins accept and process arguments beginning with - without requiring --.  Other builtins that accept arguments but are not
1788DEBUG:root:       specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with - as invalid options and require -- to prevent this interpretation.
1789DEBUG:root:       : [arguments]
1790DEBUG:root:              No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding arguments and performing any specified redirections.  The return status is zero.
1791DEBUG:root:        .  filename [arguments]
1792DEBUG:root:       source filename [arguments]
1793DEBUG:root:              Read and execute commands from filename in the current shell environment and return the exit status of the last command executed from filename.  If filename does not contain a slash, filenames in PATH are used
1794DEBUG:root:              to  find  the directory containing filename.  The file searched for in PATH need not be executable.  When bash is not in posix mode, the current directory is searched if no file is found in PATH.  If the sour‐
1795DEBUG:root:              cepath option to the shopt builtin command is turned off, the PATH is not searched.  If any arguments are supplied, they become the positional parameters when filename is executed.   Otherwise  the  positional
1796DEBUG:root:              parameters  are unchanged.  If the -T option is enabled, source inherits any trap on DEBUG; if it is not, any DEBUG trap string is saved and restored around the call to source, and source unsets the DEBUG trap
1797DEBUG:root:              while it executes.  If -T is not set, and the sourced file changes the DEBUG trap, the new value is retained when source completes.  The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script
1798DEBUG:root:              (0 if no commands are executed), and false if filename is not found or cannot be read.
1799DEBUG:root:       alias [-p] [name[=value] ...]
1800DEBUG:root:              Alias  with  no arguments or with the -p option prints the list of aliases in the form alias name=value on standard output.  When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each name whose value is given.
1801DEBUG:root:              A trailing space in value causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.  For each name in the argument list for which no value is supplied, the name  and  value  of  the
1802DEBUG:root:              alias is printed.  Alias returns true unless a name is given for which no alias has been defined.
1803DEBUG:root:       bg [jobspec ...]
1804DEBUG:root:              Resume  each suspended job jobspec in the background, as if it had been started with &.  If jobspec is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used.  bg jobspec returns 0 unless run when job con‐
1805DEBUG:root:              trol is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, any specified jobspec was not found or was started without job control.
1806DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSVX]
1807DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq]
1808DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] -f filename
1809DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command
1810DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name
1811DEBUG:root:       bind [-m keymap] keyseq:readline-command
1812DEBUG:root:              Display current readline key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a readline function or macro, or set a readline variable.  Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in  .inputrc,  but
1813DEBUG:root:              each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.  Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
1814DEBUG:root:              -m keymap
1815DEBUG:root:                     Use  keymap as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings.  Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert.  vi is equivalent
1816DEBUG:root:                     to vi-command (vi-move is also a synonym); emacs is equivalent to emacs-standard.
1817DEBUG:root:              -l     List the names of all readline functions.
1818DEBUG:root:              -p     Display readline function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read.
1819DEBUG:root:              -P     List current readline function names and bindings.
1820DEBUG:root:              -s     Display readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
1821DEBUG:root:              -S     Display readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.
1822DEBUG:root:              -v     Display readline variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read.
1823DEBUG:root:              -V     List current readline variable names and values.
1824DEBUG:root:              -f filename
1825DEBUG:root:                     Read key bindings from filename.
1826DEBUG:root:              -q function
1827DEBUG:root:                     Query about which keys invoke the named function.
1828DEBUG:root:              -u function
1829DEBUG:root:                     Unbind all keys bound to the named function.
1830DEBUG:root:              -r keyseq
1831DEBUG:root:                     Remove any current binding for keyseq.
1832DEBUG:root:              -x keyseq:shell-command
1833DEBUG:root:                     Cause shell-command to be executed whenever keyseq is entered.  When shell-command is executed, the shell sets the READLINE_LINE variable to the contents of  the  readline  line  buffer  and  the  READ‐
1834DEBUG:root:                     LINE_POINT  variable  to  the  current  location  of the insertion point.  If the executed command changes the value of READLINE_LINE or READLINE_POINT, those new values will be reflected in the editing
1835DEBUG:root:                     state.
1836DEBUG:root:              -X     List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a format that can be reused as input.
1837DEBUG:root:              The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred.
1838DEBUG:root:       break [n]
1839DEBUG:root:              Exit from within a for, while, until, or select loop.  If n is specified, break n levels.  n must be ≥ 1.  If n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited.  The return  value
1840DEBUG:root:              is 0 unless n is not greater than or equal to 1.
1841DEBUG:root:       builtin shell-builtin [arguments]
1842DEBUG:root:              Execute  the  specified  shell  builtin, passing it arguments, and return its exit status.  This is useful when defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the
1843DEBUG:root:              builtin within the function.  The cd builtin is commonly redefined this way.  The return status is false if shell-builtin is not a shell builtin command.
1844DEBUG:root:       caller [expr]
1845DEBUG:root:              Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with the . or source builtins).  Without expr, caller displays the line number and source filename of the  current  sub‐
1846DEBUG:root:              routine  call.   If a non-negative integer is supplied as expr, caller displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding to that position in the current execution call stack.  This extra
1847DEBUG:root:              information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace.  The current frame is frame 0.  The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine call or expr does not correspond  to  a  valid
1848DEBUG:root:              position in the call stack.
1849DEBUG:root:       cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
1850DEBUG:root:              Change  the  current directory to dir.  if dir is not supplied, the value of the HOME shell variable is the default.  Any additional arguments following dir are ignored.  The variable CDPATH defines the search
1851DEBUG:root:              path for the directory containing dir: each directory name in CDPATH is searched for dir.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).  A null directory name in CDPATH is  the  same  as
1852DEBUG:root:              the  current  directory, i.e., ``.''.  If dir begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.  The -P option causes cd to use the physical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing dir
1853DEBUG:root:              and before processing instances of .. in dir (see also the -P option to the set builtin command); the -L option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances  of  ..  in
1854DEBUG:root:              dir.   If  ..  appears  in dir, it is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component from dir, back to a slash or the beginning of dir.  If the -e option is supplied with -P, and the current
1855DEBUG:root:              working directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory change, cd will return an unsuccessful status.  On systems that support it, the -@ option presents the extended attributes asso‐
1856DEBUG:root:              ciated with a file as a directory.  An argument of - is converted to $OLDPWD before the directory change is attempted.  If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, or if - is the first argument, and the
1857DEBUG:root:              directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard output.  The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.
1858DEBUG:root:       command [-pVv] command [arg ...]
1859DEBUG:root:              Run command with args suppressing the normal shell function lookup.  Only builtin commands or commands found in the PATH are executed.  If the -p option is given, the search for command is  performed  using  a
1860DEBUG:root:              default  value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.  If either the -V or -v option is supplied, a description of command is printed.  The -v option causes a single word indicating
1861DEBUG:root:              the command or filename used to invoke command to be displayed; the -V option produces a more verbose description.  If the -V or -v option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if command was found, and 1 if  not.
1862DEBUG:root:              If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or command cannot be found, the exit status is 127.  Otherwise, the exit status of the command builtin is the exit status of command.
1863DEBUG:root:       compgen [option] [word]
1864DEBUG:root:              Generate  possible  completion matches for word according to the options, which may be any option accepted by the complete builtin with the exception of -p and -r, and write the matches to the standard output.
1865DEBUG:root:              When using the -F or -C options, the various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
1866DEBUG:root:              The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags.  If word is specified, only  those  comple‐
1867DEBUG:root:              tions matching word will be displayed.
1868DEBUG:root:              The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.
1869DEBUG:root:       complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-DE] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command]
1870DEBUG:root:              [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] name [name ...]
1871DEBUG:root:       complete -pr [-DE] [name ...]
1872DEBUG:root:              Specify  how  arguments  to each name should be completed.  If the -p option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as
1873DEBUG:root:              input.  The -r option removes a completion specification for each name, or, if no names are supplied, all completion specifications.  The -D option indicates that the remaining options and actions should apply
1874DEBUG:root:              to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.  The -E option indicates that the remaining options and actions should ap‐
1875DEBUG:root:              ply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
1876DEBUG:root:              The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under Programmable Completion.
1877DEBUG:root:              Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.  The arguments to the -G, -W, and -X options (and, if necessary, the -P and -S options) should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the com‐
1878DEBUG:root:              plete builtin is invoked.
1879DEBUG:root:              -o comp-option
1880DEBUG:root:                      The comp-option controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior beyond the simple generation of completions.  comp-option may be one of:
1881DEBUG:root:                      bashdefault
1882DEBUG:root:                              Perform the rest of the default bash completions if the compspec generates no matches.
1883DEBUG:root:                      default Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches.
1884DEBUG:root:                      dirnames
1885DEBUG:root:                              Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.
1886DEBUG:root:                      filenames
1887DEBUG:root:                              Tell  readline  that  the  compspec  generates  filenames, so it can perform any filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names, quoting special characters, or suppressing
1888DEBUG:root:                              trailing spaces).  Intended to be used with shell functions.
1889DEBUG:root:                      noquote Tell readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default).
1890DEBUG:root:                      nosort  Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically.
1891DEBUG:root:                      nospace Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at the end of the line.
1892DEBUG:root:                      plusdirs
1893DEBUG:root:                              After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions.
1894DEBUG:root:              -A action
1895DEBUG:root:                      The action may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions:
1896DEBUG:root:                      alias   Alias names.  May also be specified as -a.
1897DEBUG:root:                      arrayvar
1898DEBUG:root:                              Array variable names.
1899DEBUG:root:                      binding Readline key binding names.
1900DEBUG:root:                      builtin Names of shell builtin commands.  May also be specified as -b.
1901DEBUG:root:                      command Command names.  May also be specified as -c.
1902DEBUG:root:                      directory
1903DEBUG:root:                              Directory names.  May also be specified as -d.
1904DEBUG:root:                      disabled
1905DEBUG:root:                              Names of disabled shell builtins.
1906DEBUG:root:                      enabled Names of enabled shell builtins.
1907DEBUG:root:                      export  Names of exported shell variables.  May also be specified as -e.
1908DEBUG:root:                      file    File names.  May also be specified as -f.
1909DEBUG:root:                      function
1910DEBUG:root:                              Names of shell functions.
1911DEBUG:root:                      group   Group names.  May also be specified as -g.
1912DEBUG:root:                      helptopic
1913DEBUG:root:                              Help topics as accepted by the help builtin.
1914DEBUG:root:                      hostname
1915DEBUG:root:                              Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HOSTFILE shell variable.
1916DEBUG:root:                      job     Job names, if job control is active.  May also be specified as -j.
1917DEBUG:root:                      keyword Shell reserved words.  May also be specified as -k.
1918DEBUG:root:                      running Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
1919DEBUG:root:                      service Service names.  May also be specified as -s.
1920DEBUG:root:                      setopt  Valid arguments for the -o option to the set builtin.
1921DEBUG:root:                      shopt   Shell option names as accepted by the shopt builtin.
1922DEBUG:root:                      signal  Signal names.
1923DEBUG:root:                      stopped Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
1924DEBUG:root:                      user    User names.  May also be specified as -u.
1925DEBUG:root:                      variable
1926DEBUG:root:                              Names of all shell variables.  May also be specified as -v.
1927DEBUG:root:              -C command
1928DEBUG:root:                      command is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions.
1929DEBUG:root:              -F function
1930DEBUG:root:                      The shell function function is executed in the current shell environment.  When the function is executed, the first argument ($1) is the name of the command whose arguments  are  being  completed,  the
1931DEBUG:root:                      second argument ($2) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($3) is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.  When it finishes, the possible completions are
1932DEBUG:root:                      retrieved from the value of the COMPREPLY array variable.
1933DEBUG:root:              -G globpat
1934DEBUG:root:                      The pathname expansion pattern globpat is expanded to generate the possible completions.
1935DEBUG:root:              -P prefix
1936DEBUG:root:                      prefix is added at the beginning of each possible completion after all other options have been applied.
1937DEBUG:root:              -S suffix
1938DEBUG:root:                      suffix is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied.
1939DEBUG:root:              -W wordlist
1940DEBUG:root:                      The wordlist is split using the characters in the IFS special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded.  The possible completions are the members of the resultant  list  which  match
1941DEBUG:root:                      the word being completed.
1942DEBUG:root:              -X filterpat
1943DEBUG:root:                      filterpat is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.  It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching filterpat is re‐
1944DEBUG:root:                      moved from the list.  A leading ! in filterpat negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching filterpat is removed.
1945DEBUG:root:              The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option other than -p or -r is supplied without a name argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a name for which no
1946DEBUG:root:              specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification.
1947DEBUG:root:       compopt [-o option] [-DE] [+o option] [name]
1948DEBUG:root:              Modify  completion  options for each name according to the options, or for the currently-executing completion if no names are supplied.  If no options are given, display the completion options for each name or
1949DEBUG:root:              the current completion.  The possible values of option are those valid for the complete builtin described above.  The -D option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the ``default'' command com‐
1950DEBUG:root:              pletion;  that  is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.  The -E option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that
1951DEBUG:root:              is, completion attempted on a blank line.
1952DEBUG:root:              The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a name for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
1953DEBUG:root:       continue [n]
1954DEBUG:root:              Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for, while, until, or select loop.  If n is specified, resume at the nth enclosing loop.  n must be ≥ 1.  If n is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last
1955DEBUG:root:              enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.  The return value is 0 unless n is not greater than or equal to 1.
1956DEBUG:root:       declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]
1957DEBUG:root:       typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]
1958DEBUG:root:              Declare  variables and/or give them attributes.  If no names are given then display the values of variables.  The -p option will display the attributes and values of each name.  When -p is used with name argu‐
1959DEBUG:root:              ments, additional options, other than -f and -F, are ignored.  When -p is supplied without name arguments, it will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the  ad‐
1960DEBUG:root:              ditional  options.   If no other options are supplied with -p, declare will display the attributes and values of all shell variables.  The -f option will restrict the display to shell functions.  The -F option
1961DEBUG:root:              inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed.  If the extdebug shell option is enabled using shopt, the source file name and line number where  each  name  is
1962DEBUG:root:              defined are displayed as well.  The -F option implies -f.  The -g option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when declare is executed in a shell function.  It is ignored in all
1963DEBUG:root:              other cases.  The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
1964DEBUG:root:              -a     Each name is an indexed array variable (see Arrays above).
1965DEBUG:root:              -A     Each name is an associative array variable (see Arrays above).
1966DEBUG:root:              -f     Use function names only.
1967DEBUG:root:              -i     The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
1968DEBUG:root:              -l     When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are converted to lower-case.  The upper-case attribute is disabled.
1969DEBUG:root:              -n     Give each name the nameref attribute, making it a name reference to another variable.  That other variable is defined by the value of name.  All references, assignments, and attribute  modifications  to
1970DEBUG:root:                     name, except those using or changing the -n attribute itself, are performed on the variable referenced by name's value.  The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
1971DEBUG:root:              -r     Make names readonly.  These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
1972DEBUG:root:              -t     Give each name the trace attribute.  Traced functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps from the calling shell.  The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
1973DEBUG:root:              -u     When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are converted to upper-case.  The lower-case attribute is disabled.
1974DEBUG:root:              -x     Mark names for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
1975DEBUG:root:              Using  `+'  instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that +a may not be used to destroy an array variable and +r will not remove the readonly attribute.  When used in a function, de‐
1976DEBUG:root:              clare and typeset make each name local, as with the local command, unless the -g option is supplied.  If a variable name is followed by =value, the value of the variable is set to value.  When using -a  or  -A
1977DEBUG:root:              and  the  compound assignment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments.  The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt
1978DEBUG:root:              is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the  compound  assignment
1979DEBUG:root:              syntax  (see Arrays above), one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array
1980DEBUG:root:              variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -f.
1981DEBUG:root:       dirs [-clpv] [+n] [-n]
1982DEBUG:root:              Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.  The default display is on a single line with directory names separated by spaces.  Directories are added to the list with the pushd com‐
1983DEBUG:root:              mand; the popd command removes entries from the list.  The current directory is always the first directory in the stack.
1984DEBUG:root:              -c     Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.
1985DEBUG:root:              -l     Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
1986DEBUG:root:              -p     Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
1987DEBUG:root:              -v     Print the directory stack with one entry per line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
1988DEBUG:root:              +n     Displays the nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
1989DEBUG:root:              -n     Displays the nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
1990DEBUG:root:              The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
1991DEBUG:root:       disown [-ar] [-h] [jobspec ... | pid ... ]
1992DEBUG:root:              Without  options, remove each jobspec from the table of active jobs.  If jobspec is not present, and neither the -a nor the -r option is supplied, the current job is used.  If the -h option is given, each job‐
1993DEBUG:root:              spec is not removed from the table, but is marked so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell receives a SIGHUP.  If no jobspec is supplied, the -a option means to remove or mark all jobs; the -r option
1994DEBUG:root:              without a jobspec argument restricts operation to running jobs.  The return value is 0 unless a jobspec does not specify a valid job.
1995DEBUG:root:       echo [-neE] [arg ...]
1996DEBUG:root:              Output  the args, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.  The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.  If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.  If the -e option is given, interpre‐
1997DEBUG:root:              tation of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.  The -E option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, even on systems where they are  interpreted  by  default.   The  xpg_echo
1998DEBUG:root:              shell  option  may be used to dynamically determine whether or not echo expands these escape characters by default.  echo does not interpret -- to mean the end of options.  echo interprets the following escape
1999DEBUG:root:              sequences:
2000DEBUG:root:              \a     alert (bell)
2001DEBUG:root:              \b     backspace
2002DEBUG:root:              \c     suppress further output
2003DEBUG:root:              \e
2004DEBUG:root:              \E     an escape character
2005DEBUG:root:              \f     form feed
2006DEBUG:root:              \n     new line
2007DEBUG:root:              \r     carriage return
2008DEBUG:root:              \t     horizontal tab
2009DEBUG:root:              \v     vertical tab
2010DEBUG:root:              \\     backslash
2011DEBUG:root:              \0nnn  the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn (zero to three octal digits)
2012DEBUG:root:              \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH (one or two hex digits)
2013DEBUG:root:              \uHHHH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
2014DEBUG:root:              \UHHHHHHHH
2015DEBUG:root:                     the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
2016DEBUG:root:       enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]
2017DEBUG:root:              Enable and disable builtin shell commands.  Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though  the  shell  nor‐
2018DEBUG:root:              mally  searches for builtins before disk commands.  If -n is used, each name is disabled; otherwise, names are enabled.  For example, to use the test binary found via the PATH instead of the shell builtin ver‐
2019DEBUG:root:              sion, run ``enable -n test''.  The -f option means to load the new builtin command name from shared object filename, on systems that support dynamic loading.  The -d option will  delete  a  builtin  previously
2020DEBUG:root:              loaded  with  -f.  If no name arguments are given, or if the -p option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed.  With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins.  If -n
2021DEBUG:root:              is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed.  If -a is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.  If -s is supplied, the output  is  restricted
2022DEBUG:root:              to the POSIX special builtins.  The return value is 0 unless a name is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
2023DEBUG:root:       eval [arg ...]
2024DEBUG:root:              The  args  are  read  and concatenated together into a single command.  This command is then read and executed by the shell, and its exit status is returned as the value of eval.  If there are no args, or only
2025DEBUG:root:              null arguments, eval returns 0.
2026DEBUG:root:       exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]
2027DEBUG:root:              If command is specified, it replaces the shell.  No new process is created.  The arguments become the arguments to command.  If the -l option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth
2028DEBUG:root:              argument passed to command.  This is what login(1) does.  The -c option causes command to be executed with an empty environment.  If -a is supplied, the shell passes name as the zeroth argument to the executed
2029DEBUG:root:              command.  If command cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the execfail shell option is enabled.  In that case, it returns failure.  An interactive shell returns failure  if
2030DEBUG:root:              the file cannot be executed.  If command is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.  If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
2031DEBUG:root:       exit [n]
2032DEBUG:root:              Cause the shell to exit with a status of n.  If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.  A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates.
2033DEBUG:root:       export [-fn] [name[=word]] ...
2034DEBUG:root:       export -p
2035DEBUG:root:              The supplied names are marked for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands.  If the -f option is given, the names refer to functions.  If no names are given, or if the -p option is
2036DEBUG:root:              supplied, a list of names of all exported variables is printed.  The -n option causes the export property to be removed from each name.  If a variable name is followed by =word, the value of  the  variable  is
2037DEBUG:root:              set to word.  export returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a name that is not a function.
2038DEBUG:root:       fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last]
2039DEBUG:root:       fc -s [pat=rep] [cmd]
2040DEBUG:root:              The  first  form selects a range of commands from first to last from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes them.  First and last may be specified as a string (to locate the last command begin‐
2041DEBUG:root:              ning with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the current command number).  If last is not specified it is set to the current  command
2042DEBUG:root:              for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to first otherwise.  If first is not specified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing.
2043DEBUG:root:              The  -n  option  suppresses  the  command numbers when listing.  The -r option reverses the order of the commands.  If the -l option is given, the commands are listed on standard output.  Otherwise, the editor
2044DEBUG:root:              given by ename is invoked on a file containing those commands.  If ename is not given, the value of the FCEDIT variable is used, and the value of EDITOR if FCEDIT is not set.  If neither variable is set, vi is
2045DEBUG:root:              used.  When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
2046DEBUG:root:              In  the  second form, command is re-executed after each instance of pat is replaced by rep.  Command is intepreted the same as first above.  A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r
2047DEBUG:root:              cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
2048DEBUG:root:              If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or first or last specify history lines out of range.  If the -e option is supplied, the return value is the value of the
2049DEBUG:root:              last  command  executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands.  If the second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-executed, unless cmd does not specify a valid
2050DEBUG:root:              history line, in which case fc returns failure.
2051DEBUG:root:       fg [jobspec]
2052DEBUG:root:              Resume jobspec in the foreground, and make it the current job.  If jobspec is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used.  The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground, or
2053DEBUG:root:              failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if jobspec does not specify a valid job or jobspec specifies a job that was started without job control.
2054DEBUG:root:       getopts optstring name [args]
2055DEBUG:root:              getopts  is  used  by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.  optstring contains the option characters to be recognized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argu‐
2056DEBUG:root:              ment, which should be separated from it by white space.  The colon and question mark characters may not be used as option characters.  Each time it is invoked, getopts places the next option in the shell vari‐
2057DEBUG:root:              able  name,  initializing  name  if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OPTIND.  OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked.
2058DEBUG:root:              When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the variable OPTARG.  The shell does not reset OPTIND automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple calls  to  getopts  within
2059DEBUG:root:              the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
2060DEBUG:root:              When the end of options is encountered, getopts exits with a return value greater than zero.  OPTIND is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and name is set to ?.
2061DEBUG:root:              getopts normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in args, getopts parses those instead.
2062DEBUG:root:              getopts can report errors in two ways.  If the first character of optstring is a colon, silent error reporting is used.  In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or missing op‐
2063DEBUG:root:              tion arguments are encountered.  If the variable OPTERR is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first character of optstring is not a colon.
2064DEBUG:root:              If an invalid option is seen, getopts places ? into name and, if not silent, prints an error message and unsets OPTARG.  If getopts is silent, the option character found is placed in OPTARG and  no  diagnostic
2065DEBUG:root:              message is printed.
2066DEBUG:root:              If a required argument is not found, and getopts is not silent, a question mark (?) is placed in name, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.  If getopts is silent, then a colon (:) is placed in
2067DEBUG:root:              name and OPTARG is set to the option character found.
2068DEBUG:root:              getopts returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found.  It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.
2069DEBUG:root:       hash [-lr] [-p filename] [-dt] [name]
2070DEBUG:root:              Each time hash is invoked, the full pathname of the command name is determined by searching the directories in $PATH and remembered.  Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded.  If the -p option is  sup‐
2071DEBUG:root:              plied,  no  path search is performed, and filename is used as the full filename of the command.  The -r option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.  The -d option causes the shell to forget the
2072DEBUG:root:              remembered location of each name.  If the -t option is supplied, the full pathname to which each name corresponds is printed.  If multiple name arguments are supplied with -t, the name is  printed  before  the
2073DEBUG:root:              hashed  full  pathname.   The  -l  option  causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.  If no arguments are given, or if only -l is supplied, information about remembered commands is
2074DEBUG:root:              printed.  The return status is true unless a name is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
2075DEBUG:root:       help [-dms] [pattern]
2076DEBUG:root:              Display helpful information about builtin commands.  If pattern is specified, help gives detailed help on all commands matching pattern; otherwise help for all the builtins  and  shell  control  structures  is
2077DEBUG:root:              printed.
2078DEBUG:root:              -d     Display a short description of each pattern
2079DEBUG:root:              -m     Display the description of each pattern in a manpage-like format
2080DEBUG:root:              -s     Display only a short usage synopsis for each pattern
2081DEBUG:root:              The return status is 0 unless no command matches pattern.
2082DEBUG:root:       history [n]
2083DEBUG:root:       history -c
2084DEBUG:root:       history -d offset
2085DEBUG:root:       history -anrw [filename]
2086DEBUG:root:       history -p arg [arg ...]
2087DEBUG:root:       history -s arg [arg ...]
2088DEBUG:root:              With  no  options, display the command history list with line numbers.  Lines listed with a * have been modified.  An argument of n lists only the last n lines.  If the shell variable HISTTIMEFORMAT is set and
2089DEBUG:root:              not null, it is used as a format string for strftime(3) to display the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.  No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp and the history
2090DEBUG:root:              line.  If filename is supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, the value of HISTFILE is used.  Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
2091DEBUG:root:              -c     Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
2092DEBUG:root:              -d offset
2093DEBUG:root:                     Delete the history entry at position offset.
2094DEBUG:root:              -a     Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.  These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bash session, but not already appended to the history file.
2095DEBUG:root:              -n     Read the history lines not already read from the history file into the current history list.  These are lines appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bash session.
2096DEBUG:root:              -r     Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list.
2097DEBUG:root:              -w     Write the current history list to the history file, overwriting the history file's contents.
2098DEBUG:root:              -p     Perform  history substitution on the following args and display the result on the standard output.  Does not store the results in the history list.  Each arg must be quoted to disable normal history ex‐
2099DEBUG:root:                     pansion.
2100DEBUG:root:              -s     Store the args in the history list as a single entry.  The last command in the history list is removed before the args are added.
2101DEBUG:root:              If the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry is written to the history file, marked with the history comment character.  When the history file  is  read,
2102DEBUG:root:              lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry.  The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
2103DEBUG:root:              an error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid offset is supplied as an argument to -d, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to -p fails.
2104DEBUG:root:       jobs [-lnprs] [ jobspec ... ]
2105DEBUG:root:       jobs -x command [ args ... ]
2106DEBUG:root:              The first form lists the active jobs.  The options have the following meanings:
2107DEBUG:root:              -l     List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
2108DEBUG:root:              -n     Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status.
2109DEBUG:root:              -p     List only the process ID of the job's process group leader.
2110DEBUG:root:              -r     Display only running jobs.
2111DEBUG:root:              -s     Display only stopped jobs.
2112DEBUG:root:              If jobspec is given, output is restricted to information about that job.  The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid jobspec is supplied.
2113DEBUG:root:              If the -x option is supplied, jobs replaces any jobspec found in command or args with the corresponding process group ID, and executes command passing it args, returning its exit status.
2114DEBUG:root:       kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | jobspec] ...
2115DEBUG:root:       kill -l|-L [sigspec | exit_status]
2116DEBUG:root:              Send the signal named by sigspec or signum to the processes named by pid or jobspec.  sigspec is either a case-insensitive signal name such as SIGKILL (with or without the  SIG  prefix)  or  a  signal  number;
2117DEBUG:root:              signum  is a signal number.  If sigspec is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed.  An argument of -l lists the signal names.  If any arguments are supplied when -l is given, the names of the signals correspond‐
2118DEBUG:root:              ing to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0.  The exit_status argument to -l is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.  The -L option
2119DEBUG:root:              is equivalent to -l.  kill returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
2120DEBUG:root:       let arg [arg ...]
2121DEBUG:root:              Each arg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION above).  If the last arg evaluates to 0, let returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
2122DEBUG:root:       local [option] [name[=value] ... | - ]
2123DEBUG:root:              For  each  argument, a local variable named name is created, and assigned value.  The option can be any of the options accepted by declare.  When local is used within a function, it causes the variable name to
2124DEBUG:root:              have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children.  If name is -, the set of shell options is made local to the function in which local is invoked: shell options changed using the  set  builtin
2125DEBUG:root:              inside  the  function  are  restored  to their original values when the function returns.  With no operands, local writes a list of local variables to the standard output.  It is an error to use local when not
2126DEBUG:root:              within a function.  The return status is 0 unless local is used outside a function, an invalid name is supplied, or name is a readonly variable.
2127DEBUG:root:       logout Exit a login shell.
2128DEBUG:root:       mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
2129DEBUG:root:       readarray [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
2130DEBUG:root:              Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable array, or from file descriptor fd if the -u option is supplied.  The variable MAPFILE is the default array.  Options, if  supplied,  have  the
2131DEBUG:root:              following meanings:
2132DEBUG:root:              -d     The first character of delim is used to terminate each input line, rather than newline.
2133DEBUG:root:              -n     Copy at most count lines.  If count is 0, all lines are copied.
2134DEBUG:root:              -O     Begin assigning to array at index origin.  The default index is 0.
2135DEBUG:root:              -s     Discard the first count lines read.
2136DEBUG:root:              -t     Remove a trailing delim (default newline) from each line read.
2137DEBUG:root:              -u     Read lines from file descriptor fd instead of the standard input.
2138DEBUG:root:              -C     Evaluate callback each time quantum lines are read.  The -c option specifies quantum.
2139DEBUG:root:              -c     Specify the number of lines read between each call to callback.
2140DEBUG:root:              If  -C  is specified without -c, the default quantum is 5000.  When callback is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element as addi‐
2141DEBUG:root:              tional arguments.  callback is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
2142DEBUG:root:              If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear array before assigning to it.
2143DEBUG:root:              mapfile returns successfully unless an invalid option or option argument is supplied, array is invalid or unassignable, or if array is not an indexed array.
2144DEBUG:root:       popd [-n] [+n] [-n]
2145DEBUG:root:              Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a cd to the new top directory.  Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
2146DEBUG:root:              -n     Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
2147DEBUG:root:              +n     Removes the nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero.  For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
2148DEBUG:root:              -n     Removes the nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero.  For example: ``popd -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last.
2149DEBUG:root:              If the popd command is successful, a dirs is performed as well, and the return status is 0.  popd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack
2150DEBUG:root:              entry is specified, or the directory change fails.
2151DEBUG:root:       printf [-v var] format [arguments]
2152DEBUG:root:              Write the formatted arguments to the standard output under the control of the format.  The -v option causes the output to be assigned to the variable var rather than being printed to the standard output.
2153DEBUG:root:              The  format is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard
2154DEBUG:root:              output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive argument.  In addition to the standard printf(1) format specifications, printf interprets the following extensions:
2155DEBUG:root:              %b     causes printf to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument in the same way as echo -e.
2156DEBUG:root:              %q     causes printf to output the corresponding argument in a format that can be reused as shell input.
2157DEBUG:root:              %(datefmt)T
2158DEBUG:root:                     causes printf to output the date-time string resulting from using datefmt as a format string for strftime(3).  The corresponding argument is an integer representing  the  number  of  seconds  since  the
2159DEBUG:root:                     epoch.   Two  special  argument  values  may be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.  If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
2160DEBUG:root:                     given.  This is an exception to the usual printf behavior.
2161DEBUG:root:              Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C constants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value
2162DEBUG:root:              of the following character.
2163DEBUG:root:              The  format is reused as necessary to consume all of the arguments.  If the format requires more arguments than are supplied, the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appro‐
2164DEBUG:root:              priate, had been supplied.  The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
2165DEBUG:root:       pushd [-n] [+n] [-n]
2166DEBUG:root:       pushd [-n] [dir]
2167DEBUG:root:              Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory.  With no arguments, pushd exchanges the top two directories and  returns
2168DEBUG:root:              0, unless the directory stack is empty.  Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
2169DEBUG:root:              -n     Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
2170DEBUG:root:              +n     Rotates the stack so that the nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero) is at the top.
2171DEBUG:root:              -n     Rotates the stack so that the nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by dirs, starting with zero) is at the top.
2172DEBUG:root:              dir    Adds dir to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the cd builtin.
2173DEBUG:root:              If  the  pushd  command  is successful, a dirs is performed as well.  If the first form is used, pushd returns 0 unless the cd to dir fails.  With the second form, pushd returns 0 unless the directory stack is
2174DEBUG:root:              empty, a non-existent directory stack element is specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails.
2175DEBUG:root:       pwd [-LP]
2176DEBUG:root:              Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.  The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -P option is supplied or the -o physical option to the set builtin command is enabled.   If
2177DEBUG:root:              the -L option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.  The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied.
2178DEBUG:root:       read [-ers] [-a aname] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]
2179DEBUG:root:              One  line  is  read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor fd supplied as an argument to the -u option, split into words as described above under Word Splitting, and the first word is assigned to
2180DEBUG:root:              the first name, the second word to the second name, and so on.  If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to the last name.  If there are fewer words
2181DEBUG:root:              read  from  the input stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty values.  The characters in IFS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described
2182DEBUG:root:              above under Word Splitting).  The backslash character (\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.  Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
2183DEBUG:root:              -a aname
2184DEBUG:root:                     The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable aname, starting at 0.  aname is unset before any new values are assigned.  Other name arguments are ignored.
2185DEBUG:root:              -d delim
2186DEBUG:root:                     The first character of delim is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline.
2187DEBUG:root:              -e     If the standard input is coming from a terminal, readline (see READLINE above) is used to obtain the line.  Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing set‐
2188DEBUG:root:                     tings.
2189DEBUG:root:              -i text
2190DEBUG:root:                     If readline is being used to read the line, text is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
2191DEBUG:root:              -n nchars
2192DEBUG:root:                     read returns after reading nchars characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delimiter if fewer than nchars characters are read before the delimiter.
2193DEBUG:root:              -N nchars
2194DEBUG:root:                     read returns after reading exactly nchars characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or read times out.  Delimiter characters encountered in the input are not
2195DEBUG:root:                     treated specially and do not cause read to return until nchars characters are read.  The result is not split on the characters in IFS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the  characters
2196DEBUG:root:                     read (with the exception of backslash; see the -r option below).
2197DEBUG:root:              -p prompt
2198DEBUG:root:                     Display prompt on standard error, without a trailing newline, before attempting to read any input.  The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
2199DEBUG:root:              -r     Backslash does not act as an escape character.  The backslash is considered to be part of the line.  In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation.
2200DEBUG:root:              -s     Silent mode.  If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.
2201DEBUG:root:              -t timeout
2202DEBUG:root:                     Cause read to time out and return failure if a complete line of input (or a specified number of characters) is not read within timeout seconds.  timeout may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
2203DEBUG:root:                     following the decimal point.  This option is only effective if read is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.  If read  times  out,
2204DEBUG:root:                     read saves any partial input read into the specified variable name.  If timeout is 0, read returns immediately, without trying to read any data.  The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci‐
2205DEBUG:root:                     fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.  The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
2206DEBUG:root:              -u fd  Read input from file descriptor fd.
2207DEBUG:root:              If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable REPLY.  The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out (in which case the status is greater than 128), a variable
2208DEBUG:root:              assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.
2209DEBUG:root:       readonly [-aAf] [-p] [name[=word] ...]
2210DEBUG:root:              The given names are marked readonly; the values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.  If the -f option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the names are so marked.  The -a option
2211DEBUG:root:              restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the -A option restricts the variables to associative arrays.  If both options are supplied, -A takes precedence.  If no name arguments are given, or if the -p  option
2212DEBUG:root:              is  supplied,  a  list of all readonly names is printed.  The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly names.  The -p option causes output to be displayed in a format
2213DEBUG:root:              that may be reused as input.  If a variable name is followed by =word, the value of the variable is set to word.  The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the names is not a valid
2214DEBUG:root:              shell variable name, or -f is supplied with a name that is not a function.
2215DEBUG:root:       return [n]
2216DEBUG:root:              Causes a function to stop executing and return the value specified by n to its caller.  If n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body.  If return is executed by a
2217DEBUG:root:              trap handler, the last command used to determine the status is the last command executed before the trap handler.  if return is executed during a DEBUG trap, the last command used to determine  the  status  is
2218DEBUG:root:              the  last command executed by the trap handler before return was invoked.  If return is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the .  (source) command, it causes the shell to stop execut‐
2219DEBUG:root:              ing that script and return either n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script.  If n is supplied, the return value is its least significant 8 bits.  The
2220DEBUG:root:              return  status  is non-zero if return is supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and not during execution of a script by . or source.  Any command associated with the RETURN trap is exe‐
2221DEBUG:root:              cuted before execution resumes after the function or script.
2222DEBUG:root:       set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option-name] [arg ...]
2223DEBUG:root:       set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o option-name] [arg ...]
2224DEBUG:root:              Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.  Read-only variables cannot be reset.   In
2225DEBUG:root:              posix  mode,  only shell variables are listed.  The output is sorted according to the current locale.  When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.  Any arguments remaining after option pro‐
2226DEBUG:root:              cessing are treated as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, ...  $n.  Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
2227DEBUG:root:              -a      Each variable or function that is created or modified is given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands.
2228DEBUG:root:              -b      Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt.  This is effective only when job control is enabled.
2229DEBUG:root:              -e      Exit immediately if a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command (see SHELL GRAMMAR above), exits with a non-zero status.  The shell does  not  exit  if  the
2230DEBUG:root:                      command  that fails is part of the command list immediately following a while or until keyword, part of the test following the if or elif reserved words, part of any command executed in a && or || list
2231DEBUG:root:                      except the command following the final && or ||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's return value is being inverted with !.  If a compound command other than a subshell  returns
2232DEBUG:root:                      a non-zero status because a command failed while -e was being ignored, the shell does not exit.  A trap on ERR, if set, is executed before the shell exits.  This option applies to the shell environment
2233DEBUG:root:                      and each subshell environment separately (see COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
2234DEBUG:root:                      If a compound command or shell function executes in a context where -e is being ignored, none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body will be affected by the  -e  setting,
2235DEBUG:root:                      even  if -e is set and a command returns a failure status.  If a compound command or shell function sets -e while executing in a context where -e is ignored, that setting will not have any effect until
2236DEBUG:root:                      the compound command or the command containing the function call completes.
2237DEBUG:root:              -f      Disable pathname expansion.
2238DEBUG:root:              -h      Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution.  This is enabled by default.
2239DEBUG:root:              -k      All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.
2240DEBUG:root:              -m      Monitor mode.  Job control is enabled.  This option is on by default for interactive shells on systems that support it (see JOB CONTROL above).  All processes run in a separate process group.   When  a
2241DEBUG:root:                      background job completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit status.
2242DEBUG:root:              -n      Read commands but do not execute them.  This may be used to check a shell script for syntax errors.  This is ignored by interactive shells.
2243DEBUG:root:              -o option-name
2244DEBUG:root:                      The option-name can be one of the following:
2245DEBUG:root:                      allexport
2246DEBUG:root:                              Same as -a.
2247DEBUG:root:                      braceexpand
2248DEBUG:root:                              Same as -B.
2249DEBUG:root:                      emacs   Use  an  emacs-style  command  line editing interface.  This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the --noediting option.  This also affects the
2250DEBUG:root:                              editing interface used for read -e.
2251DEBUG:root:                      errexit Same as -e.
2252DEBUG:root:                      errtrace
2253DEBUG:root:                              Same as -E.
2254DEBUG:root:                      functrace
2255DEBUG:root:                              Same as -T.
2256DEBUG:root:                      hashall Same as -h.
2257DEBUG:root:                      histexpand
2258DEBUG:root:                              Same as -H.
2259DEBUG:root:                      history Enable command history, as described above under HISTORY.  This option is on by default in interactive shells.
2260DEBUG:root:                      ignoreeof
2261DEBUG:root:                              The effect is as if the shell command ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see Shell Variables above).
2262DEBUG:root:                      keyword Same as -k.
2263DEBUG:root:                      monitor Same as -m.
2264DEBUG:root:                      noclobber
2265DEBUG:root:                              Same as -C.
2266DEBUG:root:                      noexec  Same as -n.
2267DEBUG:root:                      noglob  Same as -f.
2268DEBUG:root:                      nolog   Currently ignored.
2269DEBUG:root:                      notify  Same as -b.
2270DEBUG:root:                      nounset Same as -u.
2271DEBUG:root:                      onecmd  Same as -t.
2272DEBUG:root:                      physical
2273DEBUG:root:                              Same as -P.
2274DEBUG:root:                      pipefail
2275DEBUG:root:                              If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline exit successfully.   This  option  is
2276DEBUG:root:                              disabled by default.
2277DEBUG:root:                      posix   Change  the  behavior  of bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (posix mode).  See SEE ALSO below for a reference to a document that details how
2278DEBUG:root:                              posix mode affects bash's behavior.
2279DEBUG:root:                      privileged
2280DEBUG:root:                              Same as -p.
2281DEBUG:root:                      verbose Same as -v.
2282DEBUG:root:                      vi      Use a vi-style command line editing interface.  This also affects the editing interface used for read -e.
2283DEBUG:root:                      xtrace  Same as -x.
2284DEBUG:root:                      If -o is supplied with no option-name, the values of the current options are printed.  If +o is supplied with no option-name, a series of set commands to recreate the current option  settings  is  dis‐
2285DEBUG:root:                      played on the standard output.
2286DEBUG:root:              -p      Turn on privileged mode.  In this mode, the $ENV and $BASH_ENV files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, and the SHELLOPTS, BASHOPTS, CDPATH, and GLOBIGNORE vari‐
2287DEBUG:root:                      ables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.  If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -p option is not  supplied,  these  ac‐
2288DEBUG:root:                      tions  are  taken  and the effective user id is set to the real user id.  If the -p option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.  Turning this option off causes the effective user
2289DEBUG:root:                      and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
2290DEBUG:root:              -t      Exit after reading and executing one command.
2291DEBUG:root:              -u      Treat unset variables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing parameter expansion.  If expansion is attempted on an unset  variable  or  parameter,  the
2292DEBUG:root:                      shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
2293DEBUG:root:              -v      Print shell input lines as they are read.
2294DEBUG:root:              -x      After expanding each simple command, for command, case command, select command, or arithmetic for command, display the expanded value of PS4, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or asso‐
2295DEBUG:root:                      ciated word list.
2296DEBUG:root:              -B      The shell performs brace expansion (see Brace Expansion above).  This is on by default.
2297DEBUG:root:              -C      If set, bash does not overwrite an existing file with the >, >&, and <> redirection operators.  This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redirection operator >| instead of >.
2298DEBUG:root:              -E      If set, any trap on ERR is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.  The ERR trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
2299DEBUG:root:              -H      Enable !  style history substitution.  This option is on by default when the shell is interactive.
2300DEBUG:root:              -P      If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when executing commands such as cd that change the current working directory.  It uses the physical directory structure instead.  By default, bash fol‐
2301DEBUG:root:                      lows the logical chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory.
2302DEBUG:root:              -T      If set, any traps on DEBUG and RETURN are inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.  The DEBUG and RETURN traps are normally not inherited in
2303DEBUG:root:                      such cases.
2304DEBUG:root:              --      If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset.  Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the args, even if some of them begin with a -.
2305DEBUG:root:              -       Signal the end of options, cause all remaining args to be assigned to the positional parameters.  The -x and -v options are turned off.  If there are no  args,  the  positional  parameters  remain  un‐
2306DEBUG:root:                      changed.
2307DEBUG:root:              The  options are off by default unless otherwise noted.  Using + rather than - causes these options to be turned off.  The options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the shell.  The current
2308DEBUG:root:              set of options may be found in $-.  The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encountered.
2309DEBUG:root:       shift [n]
2310DEBUG:root:              The positional parameters from n+1 ... are renamed to $1 ....  Parameters represented by the numbers $# down to $#-n+1 are unset.  n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $#.  If n is 0,  no  pa‐
2311DEBUG:root:              rameters  are  changed.   If  n is not given, it is assumed to be 1.  If n is greater than $#, the positional parameters are not changed.  The return status is greater than zero if n is greater than $# or less
2312DEBUG:root:              than zero; otherwise 0.
2313DEBUG:root:       shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
2314DEBUG:root:              Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behavior.  The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the -o option is used, those available with the -o option to the set  builtin  command.
2315DEBUG:root:              With  no options, or with the -p option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.  The -p option causes output to be displayed in a form that may be reused
2316DEBUG:root:              as input.  Other options have the following meanings:
2317DEBUG:root:              -s     Enable (set) each optname.
2318DEBUG:root:              -u     Disable (unset) each optname.
2319DEBUG:root:              -q     Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the optname is set or unset.  If multiple optname arguments are given with -q, the return status is zero if  all  optnames  are
2320DEBUG:root:                     enabled; non-zero otherwise.
2321DEBUG:root:              -o     Restricts the values of optname to be those defined for the -o option to the set builtin.
2322DEBUG:root:              If either -s or -u is used with no optname arguments, shopt shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.  Unless otherwise noted, the shopt options are disabled (unset) by default.
2323DEBUG:root:              The return status when listing options is zero if all optnames are enabled, non-zero otherwise.  When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an optname is not a valid shell option.
2324DEBUG:root:              The list of shopt options is:
2325DEBUG:root:              autocd  If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if it were the argument to the cd command.  This option is only used by interactive shells.
2326DEBUG:root:              cdable_vars
2327DEBUG:root:                      If set, an argument to the cd builtin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to.
2328DEBUG:root:              cdspell If  set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a cd command will be corrected.  The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing character, and one character too many.  If
2329DEBUG:root:                      a correction is found, the corrected filename is printed, and the command proceeds.  This option is only used by interactive shells.
2330DEBUG:root:              checkhash
2331DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash checks that a command found in the hash table exists before trying to execute it.  If a hashed command no longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
2332DEBUG:root:              checkjobs
2333DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before exiting an interactive shell.  If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without
2334DEBUG:root:                      an intervening command (see JOB CONTROL above).  The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
2335DEBUG:root:              checkwinsize
2336DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash checks the window size after each command and, if necessary, updates the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
2337DEBUG:root:              cmdhist If set, bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line command in the same history entry.  This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
2338DEBUG:root:              compat31
2339DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted arguments to the [[ conditional command's =~ operator and locale-specific string comparison when using the [[ conditional
2340DEBUG:root:                      command's < and > operators.  Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
2341DEBUG:root:              compat32
2342DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the [[ conditional command's < and > operators (see previous item) and  the  effect
2343DEBUG:root:                      of interrupting a command list.  Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.
2344DEBUG:root:              compat40
2345DEBUG:root:                      If  set,  bash  changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific string comparison when using the [[ conditional command's < and > operators (see description of compat31) and
2346DEBUG:root:                      the effect of interrupting a command list.  Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
2347DEBUG:root:              compat41
2348DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character.  The single quotes must match (an even number) and the characters between the sin‐
2349DEBUG:root:                      gle quotes are considered quoted.  This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.  The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
2350DEBUG:root:              compat42
2351DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal.
2352DEBUG:root:              compat43
2353DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash does not print a warning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assignment as an argument to declare, makes word expansion errors non-fatal errors that cause the cur‐
2354DEBUG:root:                      rent command to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset the loop state when a shell function is executed (this allows break or continue
2355DEBUG:root:                      in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context).
2356DEBUG:root:              complete_fullquote
2357DEBUG:root:                      If  set,  bash  quotes  all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when performing completion.  If not set, bash removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of characters
2358DEBUG:root:                      that will be quoted in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be completed.  This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to  direc‐
2359DEBUG:root:                      tories  will not be quoted; however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.  This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed filenames.  This variable
2360DEBUG:root:                      is set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2.
2361DEBUG:root:              completion_strip_exe
2362DEBUG:root:                      If set, whenever bash sees foo.exe during completion, it checks if foo is the same file and strips the suffix.
2363DEBUG:root:              direxpand
2364DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing filename completion.  This changes the contents of the readline editing buffer.  If not set,  bash  attempts  to
2365DEBUG:root:                      preserve what the user typed.
2366DEBUG:root:              dirspell
2367DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
2368DEBUG:root:              dotglob If set, bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion.
2369DEBUG:root:              execfail
2370DEBUG:root:                      If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the exec builtin command.  An interactive shell does not exit if exec fails.
2371DEBUG:root:              expand_aliases
2372DEBUG:root:                      If set, aliases are expanded as described above under ALIASES.  This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
2373DEBUG:root:              extdebug
2374DEBUG:root:                      If  set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to the --debugger option.  If set after invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is en‐
2375DEBUG:root:                      abled:
2376DEBUG:root:                      1.     The -F option to the declare builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument.
2377DEBUG:root:                      2.     If the command run by the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed.
2378DEBUG:root:                      3.     If the command run by the DEBUG trap returns a value of 2, and the shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script executed by the . or source builtins), the  shell  simu‐
2379DEBUG:root:                             lates a call to return.
2380DEBUG:root:                      4.     BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV are updated as described in their descriptions above.
2381DEBUG:root:                      5.     Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with ( command ) inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps.
2382DEBUG:root:                      6.     Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells invoked with ( command ) inherit the ERR trap.
2383DEBUG:root:              extglob If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under Pathname Expansion are enabled.
2384DEBUG:root:              extquote
2385DEBUG:root:                      If set, $'string' and $"string" quoting is performed within ${parameter} expansions enclosed in double quotes.  This option is enabled by default.
2386DEBUG:root:              failglob
2387DEBUG:root:                      If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
2388DEBUG:root:              force_fignore
2389DEBUG:root:                      If  set, the suffixes specified by the FIGNORE shell variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possible completions.  See SHELL VARIABLES
2390DEBUG:root:                      above for a description of FIGNORE.  This option is enabled by default.
2391DEBUG:root:              globasciiranges
2392DEBUG:root:                      If set, range expressions used in pattern matching bracket expressions (see Pattern Matching above) behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing comparisons.  That is, the current  locale's
2393DEBUG:root:                      collating sequence is not taken into account, so b will not collate between A and B, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
2394DEBUG:root:              globstar
2395DEBUG:root:                      If set, the pattern ** used in a pathname expansion context will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.  If the pattern is followed by a /, only directories and subdirectories
2396DEBUG:root:                      match.
2397DEBUG:root:              gnu_errfmt
2398DEBUG:root:                      If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format.
2399DEBUG:root:              histappend
2400DEBUG:root:                      If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the HISTFILE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
2401DEBUG:root:              histreedit
2402DEBUG:root:                      If set, and readline is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
2403DEBUG:root:              histverify
2404DEBUG:root:                      If set, and readline is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately passed to the shell parser.  Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the readline editing buffer, allowing
2405DEBUG:root:                      further modification.
2406DEBUG:root:              hostcomplete
2407DEBUG:root:                      If set, and readline is being used, bash will attempt to perform hostname completion when a word containing a @ is being completed (see Completing under READLINE above).  This is enabled by default.
2408DEBUG:root:              huponexit
2409DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash will send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
2410DEBUG:root:              inherit_errexit
2411DEBUG:root:                      If set, command substitution inherits the value of the errexit option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell environment.  This option is enabled when posix mode is enabled.
2412DEBUG:root:              interactive_comments
2413DEBUG:root:                      If set, allow a word beginning with # to cause that word and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see COMMENTS above).  This option is enabled by default.
2414DEBUG:root:              lastpipe
2415DEBUG:root:                      If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
2416DEBUG:root:              lithist If set, and the cmdhist option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
2417DEBUG:root:              login_shell
2418DEBUG:root:                      The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see INVOCATION above).  The value may not be changed.
2419DEBUG:root:              mailwarn
2420DEBUG:root:                      If set, and a file that bash is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in mailfile has been read'' is displayed.
2421DEBUG:root:              no_empty_cmd_completion
2422DEBUG:root:                      If set, and readline is being used, bash will not attempt to search the PATH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.
2423DEBUG:root:              nocaseglob
2424DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see Pathname Expansion above).
2425DEBUG:root:              nocasematch
2426DEBUG:root:                      If  set, bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing case or [[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution word expansions, or when fil‐
2427DEBUG:root:                      tering possible completions as part of programmable completion.
2428DEBUG:root:              nullglob
2429DEBUG:root:                      If set, bash allows patterns which match no files (see Pathname Expansion above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
2430DEBUG:root:              progcomp
2431DEBUG:root:                      If set, the programmable completion facilities (see Programmable Completion above) are enabled.  This option is enabled by default.
2432DEBUG:root:              promptvars
2433DEBUG:root:                      If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in PROMPTING above.  This option is  enabled  by  de‐
2434DEBUG:root:                      fault.
2435DEBUG:root:              restricted_shell
2436DEBUG:root:                      The  shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RESTRICTED SHELL below).  The value may not be changed.  This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing the startup
2437DEBUG:root:                      files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
2438DEBUG:root:              shift_verbose
2439DEBUG:root:                      If set, the shift builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parameters.
2440DEBUG:root:              sourcepath
2441DEBUG:root:                      If set, the source (.) builtin uses the value of PATH to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.  This option is enabled by default.
2442DEBUG:root:              xpg_echo
2443DEBUG:root:                      If set, the echo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default.
2444DEBUG:root:       suspend [-f]
2445DEBUG:root:              Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.  A login shell cannot be suspended; the -f option can be used to override this and force the suspension.  The return status is  0  unless
2446DEBUG:root:              the shell is a login shell and -f is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.
2447DEBUG:root:       test expr
2448DEBUG:root:       [ expr ]
2449DEBUG:root:              Return  a  status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression expr.  Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.  Expressions are composed of the primaries de‐
2450DEBUG:root:              scribed above under CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS.  test does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of -- as signifying the end of options.
2451DEBUG:root:              Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence.  The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.  Operator precedence is used when  there  are
2452DEBUG:root:              five or more arguments.
2453DEBUG:root:              ! expr True if expr is false.
2454DEBUG:root:              ( expr )
2455DEBUG:root:                     Returns the value of expr.  This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
2456DEBUG:root:              expr1 -a expr2
2457DEBUG:root:                     True if both expr1 and expr2 are true.
2458DEBUG:root:              expr1 -o expr2
2459DEBUG:root:                     True if either expr1 or expr2 is true.
2460DEBUG:root:              test and [ evaluate conditional expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
2461DEBUG:root:              0 arguments
2462DEBUG:root:                     The expression is false.
2463DEBUG:root:              1 argument
2464DEBUG:root:                     The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
2465DEBUG:root:              2 arguments
2466DEBUG:root:                     If  the  first  argument  is !, the expression is true if and only if the second argument is null.  If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed above under CONDITIONAL EXPRES‐
2467DEBUG:root:                     SIONS, the expression is true if the unary test is true.  If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false.
2468DEBUG:root:              3 arguments
2469DEBUG:root:                     The following conditions are applied in the order listed.  If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS, the result of the  expression  is
2470DEBUG:root:                     the  result  of the binary test using the first and third arguments as operands.  The -a and -o operators are considered binary operators when there are three arguments.  If the first argument is !, the
2471DEBUG:root:                     value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.  If the first argument is exactly ( and the third argument is exactly ), the result is the one-argument test  of  the
2472DEBUG:root:                     second argument.  Otherwise, the expression is false.
2473DEBUG:root:              4 arguments
2474DEBUG:root:                     If  the  first  argument is !, the result is the negation of the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.  Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
2475DEBUG:root:                     using the rules listed above.
2476DEBUG:root:              5 or more arguments
2477DEBUG:root:                     The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above.
2478DEBUG:root:              When used with test or [, the < and > operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
2479DEBUG:root:       times  Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell.  The return status is 0.
2480DEBUG:root:       trap [-lp] [[arg] sigspec ...]
2481DEBUG:root:              The command arg is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) sigspec.  If arg is absent (and there is a single sigspec) or -, each specified signal is reset to  its  original  disposition  (the
2482DEBUG:root:              value  it  had  upon  entrance to the shell).  If arg is the null string the signal specified by each sigspec is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.  If arg is not present and -p has been sup‐
2483DEBUG:root:              plied, then the trap commands associated with each sigspec are displayed.  If no arguments are supplied or if only -p is given, trap prints the list of commands associated with  each  signal.   The  -l  option
2484DEBUG:root:              causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.  Each sigspec is either a signal name defined in <signal.h>, or a signal number.  Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG
2485DEBUG:root:              prefix is optional.
2486DEBUG:root:              If a sigspec is EXIT (0) the command arg is executed on exit from the shell.  If a sigspec is DEBUG, the command arg is executed before every simple command, for command, case command,  select  command,  every
2487DEBUG:root:              arithmetic  for  command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see SHELL GRAMMAR above).  Refer to the description of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin for details of its effect on
2488DEBUG:root:              the DEBUG trap.  If a sigspec is RETURN, the command arg is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the . or source builtins finishes executing.
2489DEBUG:root:              If a sigspec is ERR, the command arg is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the following  con‐
2490DEBUG:root:              ditions.   The ERR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following a while or until keyword, part of the test in an if statement, part of a command executed in a &&
2491DEBUG:root:              or || list except the command following the final && or ||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !.  These are the same conditions obeyed by the  er‐
2492DEBUG:root:              rexit (-e) option.
2493DEBUG:root:              Signals  ignored  upon  entry  to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.  Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
2494DEBUG:root:              The return status is false if any sigspec is invalid; otherwise trap returns true.
2495DEBUG:root:       type [-aftpP] name [name ...]
2496DEBUG:root:              With no options, indicate how each name would be interpreted if used as a command name.  If the -t option is used, type prints a string which is one of alias, keyword, function, builtin, or file if name is  an
2497DEBUG:root:              alias,  shell  reserved  word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively.  If the name is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned.  If the -p option is used, type either
2498DEBUG:root:              returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if name were specified as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not return file.  The -P option forces a PATH search for each name,  even
2499DEBUG:root:              if ``type -t name'' would not return file.  If a command is hashed, -p and -P print the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in PATH.  If the -a option is used, type prints all of
2500DEBUG:root:              the places that contain an executable named name.  This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -p option is not also used.  The table of hashed commands is not consulted when using -a.  The -f  op‐
2501DEBUG:root:              tion suppresses shell function lookup, as with the command builtin.  type returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
2502DEBUG:root:       ulimit [-HSabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT [limit]]
2503DEBUG:root:              Provides  control  over  the resources available to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.  The -H and -S options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the given
2504DEBUG:root:              resource.  A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.  If neither -H nor -S is specified, both the soft and hard limits
2505DEBUG:root:              are set.  The value of limit can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hard, soft, or unlimited, which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no
2506DEBUG:root:              limit, respectively.  If limit is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -H option is given.  When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit  are
2507DEBUG:root:              printed before the value.  Other options are interpreted as follows:
2508DEBUG:root:              -a     All current limits are reported
2509DEBUG:root:              -b     The maximum socket buffer size
2510DEBUG:root:              -c     The maximum size of core files created
2511DEBUG:root:              -d     The maximum size of a process's data segment
2512DEBUG:root:              -e     The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
2513DEBUG:root:              -f     The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
2514DEBUG:root:              -i     The maximum number of pending signals
2515DEBUG:root:              -k     The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
2516DEBUG:root:              -l     The maximum size that may be locked into memory
2517DEBUG:root:              -m     The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)
2518DEBUG:root:              -n     The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set)
2519DEBUG:root:              -p     The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
2520DEBUG:root:              -q     The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
2521DEBUG:root:              -r     The maximum real-time scheduling priority
2522DEBUG:root:              -s     The maximum stack size
2523DEBUG:root:              -t     The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
2524DEBUG:root:              -u     The maximum number of processes available to a single user
2525DEBUG:root:              -v     The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children
2526DEBUG:root:              -x     The maximum number of file locks
2527DEBUG:root:              -P     The maximum number of pseudoterminals
2528DEBUG:root:              -T     The maximum number of threads
2529DEBUG:root:              If  limit  is given, and the -a option is not used, limit is the new value of the specified resource.  If no option is given, then -f is assumed.  Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in
2530DEBUG:root:              seconds; -p, which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -P, -T, -b, -k, -n, and -u, which are unscaled values; and, when in Posix mode, -c and -f, which are in 512-byte increments.  The return status is 0 unless an
2531DEBUG:root:              invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
2532DEBUG:root:       umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
2533DEBUG:root:              The  user  file-creation  mask  is set to mode.  If mode begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by chmod(1).  If
2534DEBUG:root:              mode is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.  The -S option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal number.  If the -p option is supplied, and mode is omit‐
2535DEBUG:root:              ted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.  The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if no mode argument was supplied, and false otherwise.
2536DEBUG:root:       unalias [-a] [name ...]
2537DEBUG:root:              Remove each name from the list of defined aliases.  If -a is supplied, all alias definitions are removed.  The return value is true unless a supplied name is not a defined alias.
2538DEBUG:root:       unset [-fv] [-n] [name ...]
2539DEBUG:root:              For  each  name,  remove the corresponding variable or function.  If the -v option is given, each name refers to a shell variable, and that variable is removed.  Read-only variables may not be unset.  If -f is
2540DEBUG:root:              specified, each name refers to a shell function, and the function definition is removed.  If the -n option is supplied, and name is a variable with the nameref attribute, name will be  unset  rather  than  the
2541DEBUG:root:              variable  it references.  -n has no effect if the -f option is supplied.  If no options are supplied, each name refers to a variable; if there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is unset.
2542DEBUG:root:              Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment passed to subsequent commands.  If any of COMP_WORDBREAKS, RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, HISTCMD, FUNCNAME, GROUPS, or DIRSTACK are unset,  they  lose
2543DEBUG:root:              their special properties, even if they are subsequently reset.  The exit status is true unless a name is readonly.
2544DEBUG:root:       wait [-n] [n ...]
2545DEBUG:root:              Wait  for  each specified child process and return its termination status.  Each n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for.  If n
2546DEBUG:root:              is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for, and the return status is zero.  If the -n option is supplied, wait waits for any job to terminate and returns its exit status.  If n specifies
2547DEBUG:root:              a non-existent process or job, the return status is 127.  Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for.
2548DEBUG:root:RESTRICTED SHELL
2549DEBUG:root:       If  bash is started with the name rbash, or the -r option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted.  A restricted shell is used to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.  It be‐
2550DEBUG:root:       haves identically to bash with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
2551DEBUG:root:       •      changing directories with cd
2552DEBUG:root:       •      setting or unsetting the values of SHELL, PATH, ENV, or BASH_ENV
2553DEBUG:root:       •      specifying command names containing /
2554DEBUG:root:       •      specifying a filename containing a / as an argument to the .  builtin command
2555DEBUG:root:       •      specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the -p option to the hash builtin command
2556DEBUG:root:       •      importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
2557DEBUG:root:       •      parsing the value of SHELLOPTS from the shell environment at startup
2558DEBUG:root:       •      redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
2559DEBUG:root:       •      using the exec builtin command to replace the shell with another command
2560DEBUG:root:       •      adding or deleting builtin commands with the -f and -d options to the enable builtin command
2561DEBUG:root:       •      using the enable builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
2562DEBUG:root:       •      specifying the -p option to the command builtin command
2563DEBUG:root:       •      turning off restricted mode with set +r or set +o restricted.
2564DEBUG:root:       These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
2565DEBUG:root:       When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see COMMAND EXECUTION above), rbash turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script.
2566DEBUG:root:SEE ALSO
2567DEBUG:root:       Bash Reference Manual, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
2568DEBUG:root:       The Gnu Readline Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
2569DEBUG:root:       The Gnu History Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
2570DEBUG:root:       Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities, IEEE --
2571DEBUG:root:              http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
2572DEBUG:root:       http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
2573DEBUG:root:       sh(1), ksh(1), csh(1)
2574DEBUG:root:       emacs(1), vi(1)
2575DEBUG:root:       readline(3)
2576DEBUG:root:FILES
2577DEBUG:root:       /bin/bash
2578DEBUG:root:              The bash executable
2579DEBUG:root:       /etc/profile
2580DEBUG:root:              The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
2581DEBUG:root:       ~/.bash_profile
2582DEBUG:root:              The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
2583DEBUG:root:       ~/.bashrc
2584DEBUG:root:              The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
2585DEBUG:root:       ~/.bash_logout
2586DEBUG:root:              The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits
2587DEBUG:root:       ~/.inputrc
2588DEBUG:root:              Individual readline initialization file
2589DEBUG:root:AUTHORS
2590DEBUG:root:       Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
2591DEBUG:root:       bfox@gnu.org
2592DEBUG:root:       Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
2593DEBUG:root:       chet.ramey@case.edu
2594DEBUG:root:BUG REPORTS
2595DEBUG:root:       If you find a bug in bash, you should report it.  But first, you should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it  appears  in  the  latest  version  of  bash.   The  latest  version  is  always  available  from
2596DEBUG:root:       ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/.
2597DEBUG:root:       Once  you  have  determined that a bug actually exists, use the bashbug command to submit a bug report.  If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!  Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be
2598DEBUG:root:       mailed to bug-bash@gnu.org or posted to the Usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug.
2599DEBUG:root:       ALL bug reports should include:
2600DEBUG:root:       The version number of bash
2601DEBUG:root:       The hardware and operating system
2602DEBUG:root:       The compiler used to compile
2603DEBUG:root:       A description of the bug behaviour
2604DEBUG:root:       A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
2605DEBUG:root:       bashbug inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report.
2606DEBUG:root:       Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to chet.ramey@case.edu.
2607DEBUG:root:BUGS
2608DEBUG:root:       It's too big and too slow.
2609DEBUG:root:       There are some subtle differences between bash and traditional versions of sh, mostly because of the POSIX specification.
2610DEBUG:root:       Aliases are confusing in some uses.
2611DEBUG:root:       Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
2612DEBUG:root:       Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted.  When a process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in the  se‐
2613DEBUG:root:       quence.  It suffices to place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.
2614DEBUG:root:       Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
2615DEBUG:root:       There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
2616DEBUG:root:GNU Bash 4.4                                                                                             2016 August 26                                                                                                 BASH(1)
2617
2618Script done on 2020-04-22 05:41:14-04:00 [COMMAND_EXIT_CODE="0"]