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1Every summer , my family and I travel across the world , 3,000 miles away to the culturally diverse country of India . Now , India is a country infamous for its scorching heat and humidity . For me , the only relief from this heat is to drink plenty
2I want you to look around the room for a minute and try to find the most paranoid person here — ( Laughter ) And then I want you to point at that person for me . ( Laughter ) OK , do n't actually do it . ( Laughter
3When I was six years old , I received my gifts . My first grade teacher had this brilliant idea . She wanted us to experience receiving gifts but also learning the virtue of complimenting each other . So she had all of us come to the front of the
4Like many of us , I 've had several careers in my life , and although they 've been varied , my first job set the foundation for all of them . I was a home-birth midwife throughout my 20s . Delivering babies taught me valuable and sometimes surprising things
5When people find out I write about time management , they assume two things . One is that I 'm always on time , and I 'm not . I have four small children , and I would like to blame them for my occasional tardiness , but sometimes it
6As an archaeologist , I 'm most often asked what my favorite discovery is . The answer 's easy : my husband , Greg . ( Laughter ) We met in Egypt on my first dig . It was my first lesson in finding unexpected , wonderful things . This
7Let 's imagine a sculptor building a statue , just chipping away with his chisel . Michelangelo had this elegant way of describing it when he said , `` Every block of stone has a statue inside of it , and it 's the task of the sculptor to discover
8I 'm going to talk a little bit about where technology 's going . And often technology comes to us , we 're surprised by what it brings . But there 's actually a large aspect of technology that 's much more predictable , and that 's because technological systems
9Cybercrime is out of control . It 's everywhere . We hear about it every single day . This year , over two billion records lost or stolen . And last year , 100 million of us , mostly Americans , lost our health insurance data to thieves — myself
10When I was a child , I knew I had superpowers . That 's right . ( Laughter ) I thought I was absolutely amazing because I could understand and relate to the feelings of brown people , like my grandfather , a conservative Muslim guy . And also ,
11How many of you have used an electronic spreadsheet , like Microsoft Excel ? Very good . Now , how many of you have run a business with a spreadsheet by hand , like my dad did for his small printing business in Philadelphia ? A lot less . Well
12The last time I heard my son 's voice was when he walked out the front door on his way to school . He called out one word in the darkness : `` Bye . '' It was April 20 , 1999 . Later that morning , at Columbine High
13So when you look out at the stars at night , it 's amazing what you can see . It 's beautiful . But what 's more amazing is what you ca n't see , because what we know now is that around every star or almost every star ,
14I am a chef and a food policy guy , but I come from a whole family of teachers . My sister is a special ed teacher in Chicago . My father just retired after 25 years teaching fifth grade . My aunt and uncle were professors . My cousins
15This is a tuberculosis ward , and at the time this picture was taken in the late 1800s , one in seven of all people died from tuberculosis . We had no idea what was causing this disease . The hypothesis was actually it was your constitution that made you
16There is something about physics that has been really bothering me since I was a little kid . And it 's related to a question that scientists have been asking for almost 100 years , with no answer . How do the smallest things in nature , the particles of
17So you probably have the sense , as most people do , that polarization is getting worse in our country , that the divide between the left and the right is as bad as it 's been in really any of our lifetimes . But you might also reasonably wonder
18I 'm a relationship builder . When you think of a relationship builder , do n't you just automatically think `` architect ? '' Probably not . That 's because most people think architects design buildings and cities , but what we really design are relationships , because cities are
19OK , so today I want to talk about how we talk about love . And specifically , I want to talk about what 's wrong with how we talk about love . Most of us will probably fall in love a few times over the course of our lives
20Science . The very word for many of you conjures unhappy memories of boredom in high school biology or physics class . But let me assure that what you did there had very little to do with science . That was really the `` what '' of science . It
21Most of us go through life trying to do our best at whatever we do , whether it 's our job , family , school or anything else . I feel that way . I try my best . But some time ago , I came to a realization that
22We 're going to share a lot of secrets today , you and I , and in doing so , I hope that we can lift some of the shame many of us feel about sex . How many here have ever been catcalled by a stranger ? Lots of
23Back in 2003 , the UK government carried out a survey . And it was a survey that measured levels of numeracy in the population . And they were shocked to find out that for every 100 working age adults in the country , 47 of them lacked Level 1
24So what if I could make for you a designer baby ? What if you as a parent-to-be and I as a scientist decided to go down that road together ? What if we did n't ? What if we thought , `` That 's a bad idea , ''
25So , my journey began in the Bronx , New York , in a one-bedroom apartment , with my two sisters and immigrant mother . I loved our neighborhood . It was lively . There was all this merengue blasting , neighbors socializing on building stoops and animated conversations over
26I was a new mother and a young rabbi in the spring of 2004 and the world was in shambles . Maybe you remember . Every day , we heard devastating reports from the war in Iraq . There were waves of terror rolling across the globe . It seemed
27If I asked you to picture the air , what do you imagine ? Most people think about either empty space or clear blue sky or sometimes trees dancing in the wind . And then I remember my high school chemistry teacher with really long socks at the blackboard ,
28Tell your daughters of this year , how we woke needing coffee but discovered instead cadavers strewn about our morning papers , waterlogged facsimiles of our sisters , spouses , small children . Say to your baby of this year when she asks , as she certainly should , tell
29So many of you have probably seen the movie `` The Martian . '' But for those of you who did not , it 's a movie about an astronaut who is stranded on Mars , and his efforts to stay alive until the Earth can send a rescue mission
30So earlier this year , I was informed that I would be doing a TED Talk . So I was excited , then I panicked , then I was excited , then I panicked , and in between the excitement and the panicking , I started to do my research
31Hi . Thank you . [ Jennifer Brea is sound-sensitive . The live audience was asked to applaud ASL-style , in silence . ] So , five years ago , this was me . I was a PhD student at Harvard , and I loved to travel . I had
32For the past few years , I 've been spending my summers in the marine biological laboratory in Woods Hole , Massachusetts . And there , what I 've been doing is essentially renting a boat . What I would like to do is ask you to come on a
33( Music ) Amanda Palmer ( singing ) : Ground Control to Major Tom , Ground Control to Major Tom , Take your protein pills and put your helmet on . Al Gore : Ten , Nine , Eight , Seven , Six ... AP : Ground Control to Major
34This picture is from my metro card when I spent a year abroad in Paris in college in the mid-'90s . My friend says I look like a French anarchist — ( Laughter ) But this is still what I see when I look in the mirror in the morning
35The great philosopher Aristotle said if something does n't exist , there 's no word for it , and if there 's no word for something , that something does n't exist . So when we talk about elections , we in established democracies , we know what we 're
36Today I stand before you as a man who lives life to the full in the here and now . But for a long time , I lived for death . I was a young man who believed that jihad is to be understood in the language of force and
37In 1987 , Tina Lord found herself in quite the pickle . See , this gold digger made sure she married sweet Cord Roberts just before he inherited millions . But when Cord found out Tina loved his money as much as she loved him , he dumped her .
38Speaking up is hard to do . I understood the true meaning of this phrase exactly one month ago , when my wife and I became new parents . It was an amazing moment . It was exhilarating and elating , but it was also scary and terrifying . And
39Hi . I want to talk about understanding , and the nature of understanding , and what the essence of understanding is , because understanding is something we aim for , everyone . We want to understand things . My claim is that understanding has to do with the ability
40I 'd like to try something new . Those of you who are able , please stand up . OK , so I 'm going to name some names . When you hear a name that you do n't recognize , you ca n't tell me anything about them ,
41Let 's talk about trust . We all know trust is fundamental , but when it comes to trusting people , something profound is happening . Please raise your hand if you have ever been a host or a guest on Airbnb . Wow . That 's a lot of
42I am so excited to be here . Everything in America is so much bigger than in Europe . Look at me — I am huge ! ( Laughter ) It 's fantastic ! And TED Talks — TED Talks are where everybody has great ideas . So the question
43In the spring of 2016 , a legal battle between Apple and the Federal Bureau of Investigation captured the world 's attention . Apple has built security features into its mobile products which protect data on its devices from everyone but the owner . That means that criminals , hackers
44I 'm a painter . I make large-scale figurative paintings , which means I paint people like this . But I 'm here tonight to tell you about something personal that changed my work and my perspective . It 's something we all go through , and my hope is
45Some people are obsessed by French wines . Others love playing golf or devouring literature . One of my greatest pleasures in life is , I have to admit , a bit special . I can not tell you how much I enjoy watching cities from the sky , from
46I 'm here today to talk to you about a very powerful little word , one that people will do almost anything to avoid becoming . Billion-dollar industries thrive because of the fear of it , and those of us who undeniably are it are left to navigate a relentless
47Here 's a question that matters . [ Is it ethical to evolve the human body ? ] Because we 're beginning to get all the tools together to evolve ourselves . And we can evolve bacteria and we can evolve plants and we can evolve animals , and we
48Please meet Jane . She has a high-risk pregnancy . Within 24 weeks , she 's on bed rest at the hospital , being monitored for her preterm contractions . She does n't look the happiest . That 's in part because it requires technicians and experts to apply these
49For over a decade , I have studied young people that have been pushed out of school , so called `` dropouts . '' As they end up failed by the education system , they 're on the streets where they 're vulnerable to violence , police harassment , police
50Carlos , the Vietnam vet Marine who volunteered for three tours and got shot up in every one . In 1971 , he was medically retired because he had so much shrapnel in his body that he was setting off metal detectors . For the next 42 years , he
51When you come to TEDx , you always think about technology , the world changing , becoming more innovative . You think about the driverless . Everyone 's talking about driverless cars these days , and I love the concept of a driverless car , but when I go in
52Mia Birdsong : Why is Black Lives Matter important for the US right now and in the world ? Patrisse Cullors : Black Lives Matter is our call to action . It is a tool to reimagine a world where black people are free to exist , free to live
53Economists have been exploring people 's behavior for hundreds of years : how we make decisions , how we act individually and in groups , how we exchange value . They 've studied the institutions that facilitate our trade , like legal systems , corporations , marketplaces . But there
54So , I started my first job as a computer programmer in my very first year of college — basically , as a teenager . Soon after I started working , writing software in a company , a manager who worked at the company came down to where I was
55Tiq Milan : Our first conversation was on Facebook , and it was three days long . ( Laughter ) We shared over 3,000 messages between us , and it was during those 72 hours that I knew she was going to be my wife . We did n't wait
56Last year , three of my family members were gruesomely murdered in a hate crime . It goes without saying that it 's really difficult for me to be here today , but my brother Deah , his wife Yusor , and her sister Razan do n't give me much
57It 's easy to forget that last night , one billion people went to sleep without access to electricity . One billion people . Two and a half billion people did not have access to clean cooking fuels or clean heating fuels . Those are the problems in the developing
58Our lives depend on a world we ca n't see . Think about your week so far . Have you watched TV , used GPS , checked the weather or even ate a meal ? These many things that enable our daily lives rely either directly or indirectly on satellites
59I design engineering projects for middle school and high school students , often using materials that are pretty unexpected . My inspiration comes from problems in my daily life . For example , one time I needed a costume to go to a comic convention , but I did n't
60I 'd like you to imagine the world anew . I 'd like to show you some maps , which have been drawn by Ben Hennig , of the planet in a way that most of you will never have seen the planet depicted before . Here 's an image
61( Music ) Roughly 43,000 years ago , a young cave bear died in the rolling hills on the northwest border of modern day Slovenia . A thousand years later , a mammoth died in southern Germany . A few centuries after that , a griffon vulture also died in
62I want to talk to you about my kids . Now , I know everyone thinks that their kid is the most fantastic , the most beautiful kid that ever lived . But mine really are . ( Laughter ) I have 696 kids , and they are the most
63I want to start by doing an experiment . I 'm going to play three videos of a rainy day . But I 've replaced the audio of one of the videos , and instead of the sound of rain , I 've added the sound of bacon frying .
64( Music ) I went down to St. James Infirmary To see my baby there She was lying on a long wooden table So cold , so still , so fair I went up to see the doctor '' She 's very low , '' he said I went back
65Chris Anderson : So , Jon , this feels scary . Jonathan Haidt : Yeah . CA : It feels like the world is in a place that we have n't seen for a long time . People do n't just disagree in the way that we 're familiar with
66When Dorothy was a little girl , she was fascinated by her goldfish . Her father explained to her that fish swim by quickly wagging their tails to propel themselves through the water . Without hesitation , little Dorothy responded , `` Yes , Daddy , and fish swim backwards
67I 'm here today to talk about the two ideas that , at least based on my observations at Khan Academy , are kind of the core , or the key leverage points for learning . And it 's the idea of mastery and the idea of mindset . I
68Two hundred years of modern science . We have to admit that our performance is not great . The machines we build continue to suffer from mechanical failures . The houses we build do not survive severe earthquakes . But we should n't be so critical of our scientists for
69( Music ) Rainn Wilson : It takes its toll , being alone . I 'm a little bit lost , and it 's finally time to make a real connection . Who am I ? ( Drums ) I 'm a single white male , 45 years of age
70How much do you get paid ? Do n't answer that out loud . But put a number in your head . Now : How much do you think the person sitting next to you gets paid ? Again , do n't answer out loud . ( Laughter ) At
71Have you heard the news ? We 're in a clean energy revolution . And where I live in Berkeley , California , it seems like every day I see a new roof with new solar panels going up , electric car in the driveway . Germany sometimes gets half
72( Music ) ( Applause ) Trevor Copp : When `` Dancing With the Stars '' first hit the airwaves , that is not what it looked like . ( Laughter ) Jeff and I were full-time ballroom dance instructors when the big TV ballroom revival hit , and this
73I was recently traveling in the Highlands of New Guinea , and I was talking with a man who had three wives . I asked him , `` How many wives would you like to have ? '' And there was this long pause , and I thought to myself
74The language I 'm speaking right now is on its way to becoming the world 's universal language , for better or for worse . Let 's face it , it 's the language of the internet , it 's the language of finance , it 's the language of
75So , has everybody heard of CRISPR ? I would be shocked if you had n't . This is a technology — it 's for genome editing — and it 's so versatile and so controversial that it 's sparking all sorts of really interesting conversations . Should we bring
76I spend most of my time thinking about little girls , which is kind of a weird thing for a grown man in our society to say . But I do . I spend most of my time thinking about little girls , and I think it 's primarily because
77I 'm going to talk about a failure of intuition that many of us suffer from . It 's really a failure to detect a certain kind of danger . I 'm going to describe a scenario that I think is both terrifying and likely to occur , and that
78There 's a big question at the center of life in our democracies today : How do we fight terror without destroying democracies , without trampling human rights ? I 've spent much of my career working with journalists , with bloggers , with activists , with human rights researchers
79Every weekend for as long as I can remember , my father would get up on a Saturday , put on a worn sweatshirt and he 'd scrape away at the squeaky old wheel of a house that we lived in . I would n't even call it restoration ;
80The most complex problems in our time can be solved with simple techniques , if we are able to dream . As a child , I discovered that creativity is the key to cross from dreams to reality . I learned this from my grandmother , Dr. Ruth Tichauer ,
81I remember the very first time I went to a nice restaurant , a really nice restaurant . It was for a law firm recruitment dinner , and I remember beforehand the waitress walked around and asked whether we wanted some wine , so I said , `` Sure ,
82Have you ever noticed when you ask someone to talk about a change they 're making for the better in their personal lives , they 're often really energetic ? Whether it 's training for a marathon , picking up an old hobby , or learning a new skill ,
83Why bother ? The game is rigged . My vote wo n't count . The choices are terrible . Voting is for suckers . Perhaps you 've thought some of these things . Perhaps you 've even said them . And if so , you would n't be alone ,
84Imagine that you 're a pig farmer . You live on a small farm in the Philippines . Your animals are your family 's sole source of income — as long as they 're healthy . You know that any day , one of your pigs can catch the flu
85There are things we say when we catch the eye of a stranger or a neighbor walking by . We say , `` Hello , how are you ? It 's a beautiful day . How do you feel ? '' These sound kind of meaningless , right ? And
86You know , I did n't set out to be a parenting expert . In fact , I 'm not very interested in parenting , per Se . It 's just that there 's a certain style of parenting these days that is kind of messing up kids , impeding
87It was April , last year . I was on an evening out with friends to celebrate one of their birthdays . We had n't been all together for a couple of weeks ; it was a perfect evening , as we were all reunited . At the end of
88Twelve years ago , I picked up a camera for the first time to film the olive harvest in a Palestinian village in the West Bank . I thought I was there to make a single documentary and would then move on to some other part of the world .
89You are a high-ranking military service member deployed to Afghanistan . You are responsible for the lives of hundreds of men and women , and your base is under attack . Incoming mortar rounds are exploding all around you . Struggling to see through the dust and the smoke ,
90One hot October morning , I got off the all-night train in Mandalay , the old royal capital of Burma , now Myanmar . And out on the street , I ran into a group of rough men standing beside their bicycle rickshaws . And one of them came up
91When I opened Mott Hall Bridges Academy in 2010 , my goal was simple : open a school to close a prison . Now to some , this was an audacious goal , because our school is located in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn — one of the most underserved
92I 'm a journalist , so I like to look for the untold stories , the lives that quietly play out under the scream of headlines . I 've also been going about the business of putting down roots , choosing a partner , making babies . So for the
93There 's a man out there , somewhere , who looks a little bit like the actor Idris Elba , or at least he did 20 years ago . I do n't know anything else about him , except that he once saved my life by putting his own life
94The conventional wisdom about our world today is that this is a time of terrible decline . And that 's not surprising , given the bad news all around us , from ISIS to inequality , political dysfunction , climate change , Brexit , and on and on . But
95`` We 're declaring war against cancer , and we will win this war by 2015 . '' This is what the US Congress and the National Cancer Institute declared just a few years ago , in 2003 . Now , I do n't know about you , but I
96As a lover of human anatomy , I 'm so excited that we 're finally putting our bodies at the center of focus . Through practices such as preventive medicine , patient empowerment and self-monitoring — down to now obsessing over every single step we take in a day .
97This is the Bop . The Bop is a type of social dance . Dance is a language , and social dance is an expression that emerges from a community . A social dance is n't choreographed by any one person . It ca n't be traced to any one
98The narrative of a rising Africa is being challenged . About 10 years ago , I spoke about an Africa , an Africa of hope and opportunity , an Africa of entrepreneurs , an Africa very different from the Africa that you normally hear about of death , poverty and
99`` Mom , who are these people ? '' It was an innocent question from my young daughter Alia around the time when she was three . We were walking along with my husband in one of Abu Dhabi 's big fancy malls . Alia was peering at a huge
100Hello , everybody . I brought with me today a baby diaper . You 'll see why in a second . Baby diapers have interesting properties . They can swell enormously when you add water to them , an experiment done by millions of kids every day . ( Laughter
101Imagine you are a part of a crew of astronauts traveling to Mars or some distant planet . The travel time could take a year or even longer . The space on board and the resources would be limited . So you and the crew would have to figure out
102What do you do if you had to figure out the information behind 11.5 million documents , verify it and make sense of it ? That was a challenge that a group of journalists had to face late last year . An anonymous person calling himself John Doe had somehow
103Imagine that you are a product designer . And you 've designed a product , a new type of product , called the human immune system . You 're pitching this product to a skeptical , strictly no-nonsense manager . Let 's call him Bob . I think we all
104Once there was a star . Like everything else , she was born ; grew to be around 30 times the mass of our sun and lived for a very long time . Exactly how long , people can not really tell . Just like everything in life , she
105How do we build a society without fossil fuels ? This is a very complex challenge , and I believe developing countries could take the lead in this transition . And I 'm aware that this is a contentious statement , but the reality is that so much is at
106June 29 , 2016 . My dear fellow citizen : I write to you today , to you who have lost in this era . At this moment in our common life , when the world is full of breaking and spite and fear , I address this letter simply
107I used to have this recurring dream where I 'd walk into a roomful of people , and I 'd try not to make eye contact with anyone . Until someone notices me , and I just panic . And the person walks up to me , and says ,
108So we all have our own biases . For example , some of us tend to think that it 's very difficult to transform failing government systems . When we think of government systems , we tend to think that they 're archaic , set in their ways , and
109Guys , we have an issue . ( Laughter ) Growth is fading away , and it 's a big deal . Our global economy stops growing . And it 's not new . Growth has actually declined for the last 50 years . If we continue like this ,
110In July of 1911 , a 35-year-old Yale graduate and professor set out from his rainforest camp with his team . After climbing a steep hill and wiping the sweat from his brow , he described what he saw beneath him . He saw rising from the dense rainforest foliage
111Ichthyology , the study of fishes . It looks like a big , boring word , but it 's actually quite exciting , because ichthyology is the only `` ology '' with `` YOLO '' in it . ( Laughter ) Now , to the cool kids in the audience
112I once had this nightmare : I 'm standing in the middle of a deserted field full of land mines . In real life , I love to hike , but every time I want to go on a hike , it makes me nervous . I have this thought
113What an intriguing group of individuals you are ... to a psychologist . ( Laughter ) I 've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other . And I think it 's fair to
114I 'll never forget the sound of laughing with my friends . I 'll never forget the sound of my mother 's voice right before I fell asleep . And I 'll never forget the comforting sound of water trickling down a stream . Imagine my fear , pure fear
115I am a palliative care physician and I would like to talk to you today about health care . I 'd like to talk to you about the health and care of the most vulnerable population in our country — those people dealing with the most complex serious health issues
116This is a man-made forest . It can spread over acres and acres of area , or it could fit in a small space — as small as your house garden . Each of these forests is just two years old . I have a forest in the backyard of
117So , I lead a team at Google that works on machine intelligence ; in other words , the engineering discipline of making computers and devices able to do some of the things that brains do . And this makes us interested in real brains and neuroscience as well ,
118The technology likely to have the greatest impact on the next few decades has arrived . And it 's not social media . It 's not big data . It 's not robotics . It 's not even AI . You 'll be surprised to learn that it 's the
119We are stealing nature from our children . Now , when I say this , I do n't mean that we are destroying nature that they will have wanted us to preserve , although that is unfortunately also the case . What I mean here is that we 've started
120I 'm really glad to be here . I 'm glad you 're here , because that would be a little weird . I 'm glad we 're all here . And by `` here , '' I do n't mean here . Or here . But here . I
121Is there life beyond Earth in our solar system ? Wow , what a powerful question . You know , as a scientist — planetary scientist — we really did n't take that very seriously until recently . Carl Sagan always said , `` It takes extraordinary evidence for extraordinary
122Tonight , I 'm going to share with you my passion for science . I 'm not talking about science that takes baby steps . I 'm talking about science that takes enormous leaps . I 'm talking Darwin , I 'm talking Einstein , I 'm talking revolutionary science
123Imagine you 're walking through a forest . I 'm guessing you 're thinking of a collection of trees , what we foresters call a stand , with their rugged stems and their beautiful crowns . Yes , trees are the foundation of forests , but a forest is much
124So when I decided to create an art piece in Manshiyat Naser , the neighborhood of the Cairo garbage collectors in Egypt , I never thought this project would be the most amazing human experience that I would ever live . As an artist , I had this humanist intention
125When we 're designing new products , services or businesses , the only time you 'll know if they 're any good , if the designs are good , is to see how they 're used in the real world , in context . I 'm reminded of that every
126At Free America , we 've done a listening and learning tour . We visited not only with prosecutors but with legislators , with inmates in our state and local prisons . We 've gone to immigration detention centers . We 've met a lot of people . And we
127I am British . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) Never before has the phrase `` I am British '' elicited so much pity . ( Laughter ) I come from an island where many of us like to believe there 's been a lot of continuity over the last
128Hi . My name is Marwa , and I 'm an architect . I was born and raised in Homs , a city in the central western part of Syria , and I 've always lived here . After six years of war , Homs is now a half-destroyed city
129When I was a kid , I experienced something so powerful , I spent the rest of my life searching for it , and in all the wrong places . What I experienced was n't virtual reality . It was music . And this is where the story begins .
130Have you ever been asked by your Chinese friend , `` What is your zodiac sign ? '' Do n't think they are making small talk . If you say , `` I 'm a Monkey , '' they immediately know you are either 24 , 36 , 48 or
131As a little Hawaiian , my mom and auntie always told me stories about Kalaupapa — the Hawaiian leper colony surrounded by the highest sea cliffs in the world — and Father Damien , the Belgian missionary who gave his life for the Hawaiian community . As a young nurse
132So I know TED is about a lot of things that are big , but I want to talk to you about something very small . So small , it 's a single word . The word is `` misfit . '' It 's one of my favorite words ,
133Thank you very much . Good evening . Some of you may have noticed that my last name is Nutt . And if you did , you are forgiven for wondering how a Nutt managed to end up in a war zone . I actually was offered , right out
134I worked as a war reporter for 15 years before I realized that I really had a problem . There was something really wrong with me . This was about a year before 9/11 , and America was n't at war yet . We were n't talking about PTSD .
135In the space that used to house one transistor , we can now fit one billion . That made it so that a computer the size of an entire room now fits in your pocket . You might say the future is small . As an engineer , I 'm
136I 've been living in rural East Africa for about 10 years , and I want to share a field perspective with you on global poverty . I believe that the greatest failure of the human race is the fact that we 've left more than one billion of our
137I 've got a confession . I love looking through people 's garbage . Now , it 's not some creepy thing . I 'm usually just looking for old electronics , stuff I can take to my workshop and hack . I do have a fetish for CD-ROM drives
138Do I look real to you ? Hope so . I have no idea if you 're seeing this , but I 'm just going to look ahead and trust that you 're there . I 've drawn a semicircle in the sand in front of me so I do
139Imagine that you invented a device that can record my memories , my dreams , my ideas , and transmit them to your brain . That would be a game-changing technology , right ? But in fact , we already possess this device , and it 's called human communication
140Today 40 million Americans are indebted for their passage to the new economy . Too poor to pay their way through college , they now owe lenders more than one trillion US dollars . They do find what jobs they can get to pay off a debt that is secured
141I 'm an Iranian-American Muslim female , like all of you . And I 'm also a social justice comedian , something that I insist is an actual job . To explain what that is , let me tell you how I got here . I 've performed all over
142OK , first , some introductions . My mom , Jennie , took this picture . That 's my dad , Frank , in the middle . And on his left , my sisters : Mary Catherine , Judith Ann , Theresa Marie . John Patrick 's sitting on his
143As a conceptual artist , I 'm constantly looking for creative ways to spark challenging conversations . I do this though painting , sculpture , video and performance . But regardless of the format , two of my favorite materials are history and dialogue . In 2007 , I created
144I could never have imagined that a 19-year-old suicide bomber would actually teach me a valuable lesson . But he did . He taught me to never presume anything about anyone you do n't know . On a Thursday morning in July 2005 , the bomber and I , unknowingly
145What do you see ? Most of you see a barbershop , but I see an opportunity : an opportunity for health , an opportunity for health equity . For black men , the barbershop is not just a place where you get your hair cut or your beard trimmed
146I was three months pregnant with twins when my husband Ross and I went to my second sonogram . I was 35 years old at the time , and I knew that that meant we had a higher risk of having a child with a birth defect . So ,
147I want to talk about sex for money . I 'm not like most of the people you 'll have heard speaking about prostitution before . I 'm not a police officer or a social worker . I 'm not an academic , a journalist or a politician . And
148Today , I am going to show you how this tablet and this virtual-reality headset that I 'm wearing are going to completely revolutionize science education . And I 'm also going to show you how it can make any science teacher more than twice as effective . But before
149We have historical records that allow us to know how the ancient Greeks dressed , how they lived , how they fought ... but how did they think ? One natural idea is that the deepest aspects of human thought — our ability to imagine , to be conscious ,
150When I think about dreams , like many of you , I think about this picture . I was eight when I watched Neil Armstrong step off the Lunar Module onto the surface of the Moon . I had never seen anything like it before , and I 've never
151Design is a slippery and elusive phenomenon , which has meant different things at different times . But all truly inspiring design projects have one thing in common : they began with a dream . And the bolder the dream , the greater the design feat that will be required
152By raising your hand , how many of you know at least one person on the screen ? Wow , it 's almost a full house . It 's true , they are very famous in their fields . And do you know what all of them have in common
153The world is filled with incredible objects and rich cultural heritage . And when we get access to them , we are blown away , we fall in love . But most of the time , the world 's population is living without real access to arts and culture .
154So this is James Risen . You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for The New York Times . Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden 's name , Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans
155So this is a talk about gene drives , but I 'm going to start by telling you a brief story . 20 years ago , a biologist named Anthony James got obsessed with the idea of making mosquitos that did n't transmit malaria . It was a great idea
156I consider it my life 's mission to convey the urgency of climate change through my work . I 've traveled north to the Arctic to the capture the unfolding story of polar melt , and south to the Equator to document the subsequent rising seas . Most recently ,
157For the next 16 minutes , I 'm going to take you on a journey that is probably the biggest dream of humanity : to understand the code of life . So for me , everything started many , many years ago when I met the first 3D printer .
158Eric Hirshberg : So I assume that Norman does n't need much of an introduction , but TED 's audience is global , it 's diverse , so I 've been tasked with starting with his bio , which could easily take up the entire 18 minutes . So instead
159What does it mean to spend our time well ? I spend a lot of my time thinking about how to spend my time . Probably too much — I probably obsess over it . My friends think I do . But I feel like I kind of have to
160What is it that French people do better than all the others ? If you would take polls , the top three answers might be : love , wine and whining . ( Laughter ) Maybe . But let me suggest a fourth one : mathematics . Did you know
161War has been a part of my life since I can remember . I was born in Afghanistan , just six months after the Soviets invaded , and even though I was too young to understand what was happening , I had a deep sense of the suffering and the
162So in college , I was a government major , which means I had to write a lot of papers . Now , when a normal student writes a paper , they might spread the work out a little like this . So , you know — ( Laughter )
163Here are two reasons companies fail : they only do more of the same , or they only do what 's new . To me the real , real solution to quality growth is figuring out the balance between two activities : exploration and exploitation . Both are necessary ,
164I have one more reason for optimism : climate change . Maybe you do n't believe it , but here is the fact . On December 12 , 2015 , in Paris , under the United Nations , 195 governments got together and unanimously — if you 've worked with
165So , this is a story about how we know what we know . It 's a story about this woman , Natalia Rybczynski . She 's a paleobiologist , which means she specializes in digging up really old dead stuff . ( Audio ) Natalia Rybczynski : Yeah ,
166In 1962 at Rice University , JFK told the country about a dream he had , a dream to put a person on the moon by the end of the decade . The eponymous moonshot . No one knew if it was possible to do but he made sure a
167It has been 128 years since the last country in the world abolished slavery and 53 years since Martin Luther King pronounced his `` I Have A Dream '' speech . But we still live in a world where the color of our skin not only gives a first impression
168Hannah is excited to be going to college . She could n't wait to get out of her parents ' house , to prove to them that she 's an adult , and to prove to her new friends that she belongs . She heads to a campus party where
169When I was seven years old , some well-meaning adult asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up . Proudly , I said : `` An artist . '' `` No , you do n't , '' he said , `` You ca n't make a living
170I want to introduce you to an amazing woman . Her name is Davinia . Davinia was born in Jamaica , emigrated to the US at the age of 18 , and now lives just outside of Washington , DC . She 's not a high-powered political staffer , nor
171[ On April 3 , 2016 we saw the largest data leak in history . ] [ The Panama Papers exposed rich and powerful people ] [ hiding vast amounts of money in offshore accounts . ] [ What does this mean ? ] [ We called Robert Palmer of
172OK , so , confession : I 've always been weirdly obsessed with advertising . I remember watching Saturday morning cartoons , paying more attention to the commercials than to the shows , trying to figure out how they were trying to get inside my head . Ultimately , that
173Today 's computers are so amazing that we fail to notice how terrible they really are . I 'd like to talk to you today about this problem , and how we can fix it with neuroscience . First , I 'd like to take you back to a frosty
174Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence , and it is my job , my responsibility , as an astronomer to remind people that alien hypotheses should always be a last resort . Now , I want to tell you a story about that . It involves data from a NASA mission
175Seven years ago , a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company . He said , `` I 'm working with three friends , and we 're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online . '' And I said , ``
176I want to tell you the story about the time I almost got kidnapped in the trunk of a red Mazda Miata . It 's the day after graduating from design school and I 'm having a yard sale . And this guy pulls up in this red Mazda and
177Periods . Blood . Menstruation . Gross . Secret . Hidden . Why ? A natural biological process that every girl and woman goes through every month for about half of her life . A phenomenon that is so significant that the survival and propagation of our species depends on
178So there are lands few and far between on Earth itself that are hospitable to humans by any measure , but survive we have . Our primitive ancestors , when they found their homes and livelihood endangered , they dared to make their way into unfamiliar territories in search of
179It began with one question : If Africa was a bar , what would your country be drinking or doing ? I kicked it off with a guess about South Africa , which was n't exactly according to the rules because South Africa 's not my country . But alluding
180Will we do whatever it takes to tackle climate change ? I come at this question not as a green campaigner , in fact , I confess to be rather hopeless at recycling . I come at it as a professional observer of financial policy making and someone that wonders
181Cancer affects all of us — especially the ones that come back over and over again , the highly invasive and drug-resistant ones , the ones that defy medical treatment , even when we throw our best drugs at them . Engineering at the molecular level , working at the
182The following are my opinions , and do not reflect the opinions or policies of any particular prosecutor 's office . ( Laughter ) I am a prosecutor . I believe in law and order . I am the adopted son of a police officer , a Marine and a
183So , there 's an actor called Dustin Hoffman . And years ago , he made this movie which some of you may have heard of , called `` The Graduate . '' And there 's two key scenes in that movie . The first one is the seduction scene
184I 'm turning 44 next month , and I have the sense that 44 is going to be a very good year , a year of fulfillment , realization . I have that sense , not because of anything particular in store for me , but because I read it
185How much do you need to know about a person before you 'd feel comfortable making a loan ? Suppose you wanted to lend 1,000 dollars to the person sitting two rows behind you . What would you need to know about that person before you 'd feel comfortable ?
186Some people think that there 's a TED Talk formula : '' Give a talk on a round , red rug . '' `` Share a childhood story . '' `` Divulge a personal secret . '' `` End with an inspiring call to action . '' No . That
187Thousands of years from now , we 'll look back at the first century of computing as a fascinating but very peculiar time — the only time in history where humans were reduced to live in 2D space , interacting with technology as if we were machines ; a singular
188Chris Anderson : This is such a strange thing . Your software , Linux , is in millions of computers , it probably powers much of the Internet . And I think that there are , like , a billion and a half active Android devices out there . Your
189Strap yourselves in , we 're going to Mars . Not just a few astronauts — thousands of people are going to colonize Mars . And I am telling you that they 're going to do this soon . Some of you will end up working on projects on Mars
190I want you to reimagine how life is organized on earth . Think of the planet like a human body that we inhabit . The skeleton is the transportation system of roads and railways , bridges and tunnels , air and seaports that enable our mobility across the continents .
191So I 'm an artist , but a little bit of a peculiar one . I do n't paint . I ca n't draw . My shop teacher in high school wrote that I was a menace on my report card . You probably do n't really want to see
192How do you find a dinosaur ? Sounds impossible , does n't it ? It 's not . And the answer relies on a formula that all paleontologists use . And I 'm going to tell you the secret . First , find rocks of the right age . Second
193Hello . This is my first trip , first time in life I 'm outside of the walls of Gaza . I 'm so happy to be here . ( Applause ) My ambition always was to be a pilot , to fly a plane , to feel free to
194Well , I 'm an ocean chemist . I look at the chemistry of the ocean today . I look at the chemistry of the ocean in the past . The way I look back in the past is by using the fossilized remains of deepwater corals . You can
195Democracy . In the West , we make a colossal mistake taking it for granted . We see democracy not as the most fragile of flowers that it really is , but we see it as part of our society 's furniture . We tend to think of it as
196When I was first learning to meditate , the instruction was to simply pay attention to my breath , and when my mind wandered , to bring it back . Sounded simple enough . Yet I 'd sit on these silent retreats , sweating through T-shirts in the middle of
197On January 26 , 2013 , a band of al-Qaeda militants entered the ancient city of Timbuktu on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert . There , they set fire to a medieval library of 30,000 manuscripts written in Arabic and several African languages and ranging in subject from
19815 years ago , I volunteered to participate in a research study that involved a genetic test . When I arrived at the clinic to be tested , I was handed a questionnaire . One of the very first questions asked me to check a box for my race :
199Melati Wijsen : Bali — island of gods . Isabel Wijsen : A green paradise . MW : Or ... a paradise lost . Bali : island of garbage . IW : In Bali , we generate 680 cubic meters of plastic garbage a day . That 's about a
200So you go to the doctor and get some tests . The doctor determines that you have high cholesterol and you would benefit from medication to treat it . So you get a pillbox . You have some confidence , your physician has some confidence that this is going to
201I 'm a textile artist most widely known for starting the yarn bombing movement . Yarn bombing is when you take knitted or crocheted material out into the urban environment , graffiti-style — or , more specifically , without permission and unsanctioned . But when I started this over 10
202When I moved to Harare in 1985 , social justice was at the core of Zimbabwe 's national health policy . The new government emerged from a long war of independence and immediately proclaimed a socialist agenda : health care services , primary education became essentially free . A massive
203In India , we have these huge families . I bet a lot of you all must have heard about it . Which means that there are a lot of family events . So as a child , my parents used to drag me to these family events . But
204Our ability to create and sustain economic growth is the defining challenge of our time . Of course there are other challenges — health care , disease burdens and pandemics , environmental challenges and , of course , radicalized terrorism . However , to the extent that we can actually
205So I come from the tallest people on the planet — the Dutch . It has n't always been this way . In fact , all across the globe , people have been gaining height . In the last 150 years , in developed countries , on average , we
206There are times when I feel really quite ashamed to be a European . In the last year , more than a million people arrived in Europe in need of our help , and our response , frankly , has been pathetic . There are just so many contradictions .
207Hello . My name is Matthew Williams , and I am a champion . I have won medals in three different sports and national games in Canada , competed at the international level in basketball and was proud to represent Canada on the world stage . ( Applause ) I
2081.3 billion years ago , in a distant , distant galaxy , two black holes locked into a spiral , falling inexorably towards each other and collided , converting three Suns ' worth of stuff into pure energy in a tenth of a second . For that brief moment in
209There are a few things that all of us need . We all need air to breathe . We need clean water to drink . We need food to eat . We need shelter and love . You know . Love is great , too . And we all need
210In case you are wondering , no , I 'm not wearing a dress , and no , I 'm not saying what I 'm wearing underneath . ( Laughter ) This is a gho . This is my national dress . This is how all men dress in Bhutan
211This is Pleurobot . Pleurobot is a robot that we designed to closely mimic a salamander species called Pleurodeles waltl . Pleurobot can walk , as you can see here , and as you 'll see later , it can also swim . So you might ask , why did
212There we were , souls and bodies packed into a Texas church on the last night of our lives . Packed into a room just like this , but with creaky wooden pews draped in worn-down red fabric , with an organ to my left and a choir at my
213What do you think when you look at me ? A woman of faith ? An expert ? Maybe even a sister . Or oppressed , brainwashed , a terrorist . Or just an airport security line delay . That one 's actually true . ( Laughter ) If some
214I believe big institutions have unique potential to create change , and I believe that we as individuals have unique power to influence the direction that those institutions take . Now , these beliefs did not come naturally to me , because trusting big institutions , not really part of
215What started as a platform for hobbyists is poised to become a multibillion-dollar industry . Inspection , environmental monitoring , photography and film and journalism : these are some of the potential applications for commercial drones , and their enablers are the capabilities being developed at research facilities around the
216I was excited to be a part of the `` Dream '' theme , and then I found out I 'm leading off the `` Nightmare ? '' section of it . ( Laughter ) And certainly there are things about the climate crisis that qualify . And I have
217Code is the next universal language . In the seventies , it was punk music that drove the whole generation . In the eighties , it was probably money . But for my generation of people , software is the interface to our imagination and our world . And that
218As a kid , I used to dream about the ocean . It was this wild place full of color and life , home to these alien-looking , fantastical creatures . I pictured big sharks ruling the food chain and saw graceful sea turtles dancing across coral reefs . As
219So a few years ago , I did something really brave , or some would say really stupid . I ran for Congress . For years , I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser , as an organizer , but in my heart , I
220Today I wanted to — well , this morning — I want to talk about the future of human-driven transportation ; about how we can cut congestion , pollution and parking by getting more people into fewer cars ; and how we can do it with the technology that 's
221So I 'm a neurosurgeon . And like most of my colleagues , I have to deal , every day , with human tragedies . I realize how your life can change from one second to the other after a major stroke or after a car accident . And what
222It was an afternoon in the fall of 2005 . I was working at the ACLU as the organization 's science advisor . I really , really loved my job , but I was having one of those days where I was feeling just a little bit discouraged . So
223Food crisis . It 's in the news every day . But what is it ? Some places in the world it 's too little food , maybe too much . Other places , GMO is saving the world . Maybe GMO is the problem ? Too much agricultural runoff
224You may never have heard of Kenema , Sierra Leone or Arua , Nigeria . But I know them as two of the most extraordinary places on earth . In hospitals there , there 's a community of nurses , physicians and scientists that have been quietly battling one of
225We 've evolved with tools , and tools have evolved with us . Our ancestors created these hand axes 1.5 million years ago , shaping them to not only fit the task at hand but also their hand . However , over the years , tools have become more and
226Now ... let 's go back in time . It 's 1974 . There is the gallery somewhere in the world , and there is a young girl , age 23 , standing in the middle of the space . In the front of her is a table . On
227In 2008 , Burhan Hassan , age 17 , boarded a flight from Minneapolis to the Horn of Africa . And while Burhan was the youngest recruit , he was not alone . Al-Shabaab managed to recruit over two dozen young men in their late teens and early 20s with
228What does a working mother look like ? If you ask the Internet , this is what you 'll be told . Never mind that this is what you 'll actually produce if you attempt to work at a computer with a baby on your lap . ( Laughter )
229I believe that the secret to producing extremely drought-tolerant crops , which should go some way to providing food security in the world , lies in resurrection plants , pictured here , in an extremely droughted state . You might think that these plants look dead , but they 're
230Late in January 1975 , a 17-year-old German girl called Vera Brandes walked out onto the stage of the Cologne Opera House . The auditorium was empty . It was lit only by the dim , green glow of the emergency exit sign . This was the most exciting day
231Nicole Paris : TEDYouth , make some noise ! ( Beatboxing ) TEDYouth , make some — ( Beatboxing ) ( Beatboxing ends ) Are you ready ? ( Cheers and applause ) Are you ready ? Ed Cage : Yeah , yeah , yeah ! ( Beatboxing ) (
232I have a question . Can a computer write poetry ? This is a provocative question . You think about it for a minute , and you suddenly have a bunch of other questions like : What is a computer ? What is poetry ? What is creativity ? But
233I once said , `` If you want to liberate a society , all you need is the Internet . '' I was wrong . I said those words back in 2011 , when a Facebook page I anonymously created helped spark the Egyptian revolution . The Arab Spring revealed
234Welcome to Bayeku , a riverine community in Ikorodu , Lagos — a vivid representation of several riverine communities across Nigeria , communities whose waterways have been infested by an invasive aquatic weed ; communities where economic livelihoods have been hampered : fishing , marine transportation and trading ; communities
235We 're at a tipping point in human history , a species poised between gaining the stars and losing the planet we call home . Even in just the past few years , we 've greatly expanded our knowledge of how Earth fits within the context of our universe .
236Pat Mitchell : So I was thinking about female friendship a lot , and by the way , these two women , I 'm very honored to say , have been my friends for a very long time , too . Jane Fonda : Yes we have . PM :
237Great things happen at intersections . In fact , I would argue that some of the most interesting things of the human experience occur at the intersections , in the liminal space , where by liminal I mean the space in-between . There 's freedom in that in-between , freedom
238Can I get a show of hands — how many of you in this room have been on a plane in this past year ? That 's pretty good . Well , it turns out that you share that experience with more than three billion people every year . And
239In the past few months , I 've been traveling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes . One day , I was invited to an important event , and I wanted to wear something special and new for it . So I looked through my
240Roy Price is a man that most of you have probably never heard about , even though he may have been responsible for 22 somewhat mediocre minutes of your life on April 19 , 2013 . He may have also been responsible for 22 very entertaining minutes , but not
241There 's something about caves — a shadowy opening in a limestone cliff that draws you in . As you pass through the portal between light and dark , you enter a subterranean world — a place of perpetual gloom , of earthy smells , of hushed silence . Long
242So when I was a kid ... this was my team . ( Laughter ) I stunk at sports . I did n't like to play them , I did n't like to watch them . So this is what I did . I went fishing . And for all
243You might think there are many things that I ca n't do because I can not see . That 's largely true . Actually , I just needed to have a bit of help to come up to the stage . But there is also a lot that I can
244What keeps us healthy and happy as we go through life ? If you were going to invest now in your future best self , where would you put your time and your energy ? There was a recent survey of millennials asking them what their most important life goals
245Our grandparents ' generation created an amazing system of canals and reservoirs that made it possible for people to live in places where there was n't a lot of water . For example , during the Great Depression , they created the Hoover Dam , which in turn , created
246So , I have an overlooked but potentially lucrative investment opportunity for you . Over the past 10 years in the UK , the return on burial plots has outperformed the UK property market by a ratio of around three to one . There are private cemeteries being set up
247For much of the past century , architecture was under the spell of a famous doctrine . `` Form follows function '' had become modernity 's ambitious manifesto and detrimental straitjacket , as it liberated architecture from the decorative , but condemned it to utilitarian rigor and restrained purpose .
248Imagine you 're in Rome , and you 've made your way to the Vatican Museums . And you 've been shuffling down long corridors , past statues , frescoes , lots and lots of stuff . You 're heading towards the Sistine Chapel . At last — a long
249I 'm an underwater explorer , more specifically a cave diver . I wanted to be an astronaut when I was a little kid , but growing up in Canada as a young girl , that was n't really available to me . But as it turns out , we
250Have you ever wondered what animals think and feel ? Let 's start with a question : Does my dog really love me , or does she just want a treat ? Well , it 's easy to see that our dog really loves us , easy to see ,
251I am in search of another planet in the universe where life exists . I ca n't see this planet with my naked eyes or even with the most powerful telescopes we currently possess . But I know that it 's there . And understanding contradictions that occur in nature
252A hundred years ago this month , a 36-year-old Albert Einstein stood up in front of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin to present a radical new theory of space , time and gravity : the general theory of relativity . General relativity is unquestionably Einstein 's masterpiece ,
253Chris Anderson : Perhaps we could start by just telling us about your country . It 's three dots there on the globe . Those dots are pretty huge . I think each one is about the size of California . Tell us about Kiribati . Anote Tong : Well
254Ten years ago , I had my first exhibition here . I had no idea if it would work or was at all possible , but with a few small steps and a very steep learning curve , I made my first sculpture , called `` The Lost Correspondent .
255( Guitar music ) I was just thinking that I have been missing you way too long There 's something inside this weary head that wants us to love just instead But I was just thinking , merely thinking I 've got loads of pictures , I 've got the
256( Guitar music starts ) ( Music ends ) ( Applause ) ( Distorted guitar music starts ) ( Music ends ) ( Applause ) ( Ambient/guitar music starts ) ( Music ends ) ( Applause )
257I would like to invite you to come along on a visit to a dark continent . It is the continent hidden under the surface of the earth . It is largely unexplored , poorly understood , and the stuff of legends . But it is made also of dramatic
258In the year 1901 , a woman called Auguste was taken to a medical asylum in Frankfurt . Auguste was delusional and could n't remember even the most basic details of her life . Her doctor was called Alois . Alois did n't know how to help Auguste , but
259A year ago , we were invited by the Swiss Embassy in Berlin to present our art projects . We are used to invitations , but this invitation really thrilled us . The Swiss Embassy in Berlin is special . It is the only old building in the government district
260A few years ago , I broke into my own house . I had just driven home , it was around midnight in the dead of Montreal winter , I had been visiting my friend , Jeff , across town , and the thermometer on the front porch read minus
261When I was a kid , my parents would tell me , `` You can make a mess , but you have to clean up after yourself . '' So freedom came with responsibility . But my imagination would take me to all these wonderful places , where everything was
262I want to tell you three stories about the power of relationships to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century . You know , sometimes it seems like all these problems of poverty , inequality , ill health , unemployment , violence , addiction — they 're
263Over our lifetimes , we 've all contributed to climate change . Actions , choices and behaviors will have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions . And I think that that 's quite a powerful thought . But it does have the potential to make us feel guilty
264A girl I 've never met before changed my life and the life of thousands of other people . I 'm the CEO of DoSomething.org . It 's one of the largest organizations in the world for young people . In fact it 's bigger than the Boy Scouts in
265I want to talk to you about the future of medicine . But before I do that , I want to talk a little bit about the past . Now , throughout much of the recent history of medicine , we 've thought about illness and treatment in terms of
266Father Daniel Berrigan once said that `` writing about prisoners is a little like writing about the dead . '' I think what he meant is that we treat prisoners as ghosts . They 're unseen and unheard . It 's easy to simply ignore them and it 's even
267We all go to doctors . And we do so with trust and blind faith that the test they are ordering and the medications they 're prescribing are based upon evidence — evidence that 's designed to help us . However , the reality is that that has n't always
268So this right here is the tiny village of Elle , close to Lista . It 's right at the southernmost tip of Norway . And on January 2 this year , an elderly guy who lives in the village , he went out to see what was cast ashore
269I would like to demonstrate for the first time in public that it is possible to transmit a video from a standard off-the-shelf LED lamp to a solar cell with a laptop acting as a receiver . There is no Wi-Fi involved , it 's just light . And you
270Religion is more than belief . It 's power , and it 's influence . And that influence affects all of us , every day , regardless of your own belief . Despite the enormous influence of religion on the world today , we hold them to a different standard
271Raise your hand if you 've ever been asked the question `` What do you want to be when you grow up ? '' Now if you had to guess , how old would you say you were when you were first asked this question ? You can just hold
272A few years ago , with my colleague , Emmanuelle Charpentier , I invented a new technology for editing genomes . It 's called CRISPR-Cas9 . The CRISPR technology allows scientists to make changes to the DNA in cells that could allow us to cure genetic disease . You might
273This is one of the most amazing animals on the face of the Earth . This is a tapir . Now this , this is a baby tapir , the cutest animal offspring in the animal kingdom . ( Laughter ) By far . There is no competition here .
274Imagine being unable to say , `` I am hungry , '' `` I am in pain , '' `` thank you , '' or `` I love you . '' Being trapped inside your body , a body that does n't respond to commands . Surrounded by people ,
275Interpreter : Piano , `` p , '' is my favorite musical symbol . It means to play softly . If you 're playing a musical instrument and you notice a `` p '' in the score , you need to play softer . Two p 's — even softer
276This is the Air Jordan 3 Black Cement . This might be the most important sneaker in history . First released in 1988 , this is the shoe that started Nike marketing as we know it . This is the shoe that propelled the entire Air Jordan lineage , and
277Do you think the world is going to be a better place next year ? In the next decade ? Can we end hunger , achieve gender equality , halt climate change , all in the next 15 years ? Well , according to the governments of the world ,
278So I 've had the great privilege of traveling to some incredible places , photographing these distant landscapes and remote cultures all over the world . I love my job . But people think it 's this string of epiphanies and sunrises and rainbows , when in reality , it
279Two twin domes , two radically opposed design cultures . One is made of thousands of steel parts , the other of a single silk thread . One is synthetic , the other organic . One is imposed on the environment , the other creates it . One is designed
280Every day , I listen to harrowing stories of people fleeing for their lives , across dangerous borders and unfriendly seas . But there 's one story that keeps me awake at night , and it 's about Doaa . A Syrian refugee , 19 years old , she was
281What if I could present you a story that you would remember with your entire body and not just with your mind ? My whole life as a journalist , I 've really been compelled to try to make stories that can make a difference and maybe inspire people to
282So whenever I visit a school and talk to students , I always ask them the same thing : Why do you Google ? Why is Google the search engine of choice for you ? Strangely enough , I always get the same three answers . One , `` Because
283Can we , as adults , grow new nerve cells ? There 's still some confusion about that question , as this is a fairly new field of research . For example , I was talking to one of my colleagues , Robert , who is an oncologist , and
284In my lab , we build autonomous aerial robots like the one you see flying here . Unlike the commercially available drones that you can buy today , this robot does n't have any GPS on board . So without GPS , it 's hard for robots like this to
285I 'd like to introduce you to an emerging area of science , one that is still speculative but hugely exciting , and certainly one that 's growing very rapidly . Quantum biology asks a very simple question : Does quantum mechanics — that weird and wonderful and powerful theory
286Imagine a place where your neighbors greet your children by name ; a place with splendid vistas ; a place where you can drive just 20 minutes and put your sailboat on the water . It 's a seductive place , is n't it ? I do n't live there
287Over a million people are killed each year in disasters . Two and a half million people will be permanently disabled or displaced , and the communities will take 20 to 30 years to recover and billions of economic losses . If you can reduce the initial response by one
288Today , I want to talk to you about dreams . I have been a lucid dreamer my whole life , and it 's cooler than in the movies . ( Laughter ) Beyond flying , breathing fire , and making hot men spontaneously appear ... ( Laughter ) I
289There 's this quote by activist and punk rock musician Jello Biafra that I love . He says , `` Do n't hate the media . Be the media . '' I 'm an artist . I like working with media and technology because A , I 'm familiar with
290If you want to buy high-quality , low-price cocaine , there really is only one place to go , and that is the dark net anonymous markets . Now , you ca n't get to these sites with a normal browser — Chrome or Firefox — because they 're on
291This is a painting from the 16th century from Lucas Cranach the Elder . It shows the famous Fountain of Youth . If you drink its water or you bathe in it , you will get health and youth . Every culture , every civilization has dreamed of finding eternal
292A question I 'm often asked is , where did I get my passion for human rights and justice ? It started early . I grew up in the west of Ireland , wedged between four brothers , two older than me and two younger than me . So of
293Seventy-thousand years ago , our ancestors were insignificant animals . The most important thing to know about prehistoric humans is that they were unimportant . Their impact on the world was not much greater than that of jellyfish or fireflies or woodpeckers . Today , in contrast , we control
294I published this article in the New York Times Modern Love column in January of this year . `` To Fall in Love With Anyone , Do This . '' And the article is about a psychological study designed to create romantic love in the laboratory , and my own
295So on my way here , the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation during my flight . He told me , `` It seems like the United States has run out of jobs , because they 're just making some up : cat psychologist ,
296I will always remember the first time I met the girl in the blue uniform . I was eight at the time , living in the village with my grandmother , who was raising me and other children . Famine had hit my country of Zimbabwe , and we just
297When I was 14 years old , I was interested in science — fascinated by it , excited to learn about it . And I had a high school science teacher who would say to the class , `` The girls do n't have to listen to this . ''
298The child 's symptoms begin with mild fever , headache , muscle pains , followed by vomiting and diarrhea , then bleeding from the mouth , nose and gums . Death follows in the form of organ failure from low blood pressure . Sounds familiar ? If you 're thinking
299In 2012 , when I painted the minaret of Jara Mosque in my hometown of Gabés , in the south of Tunisia , I never thought that graffiti would bring so much attention to a city . At the beginning , I was just looking for a wall in my
300I was raised by lesbians in the mountains , and I sort of came like a forest gnome to New York City a while back . ( Laughter ) Really messed with my head , but I 'll get into that later . I 'll start with when I was
301For the last year , everyone 's been watching the same show , and I 'm not talking about `` Game of Thrones , '' but a horrifying , real-life drama that 's proved too fascinating to turn off . It 's a show produced by murderers and shared around
302Today I 'm going to talk about work . And the question I want to ask and answer is this : `` Why do we work ? '' Why do we drag ourselves out of bed every morning instead of living our lives just filled with bouncing from one TED-like
303For the past decade , I 've been studying non-state armed groups : armed organizations like terrorists , insurgents or militias . I document what these groups do when they 're not shooting . My goal is to better understand these violent actors and to study ways to encourage transition
304What I 'd like to do is talk to you a little bit about fear and the cost of fear and the age of fear from which we are now emerging . I would like you to feel comfortable with my doing that by letting you know that I know
305This back here was my brain cancer . Is n't it nice ? ( Laughter ) The key phrase is `` was , '' phew . ( Applause ) Having brain cancer was really , as you can imagine , shocking news for me . I knew nothing about cancer
306What do you do when you have a headache ? You swallow an aspirin . But for this pill to get to your head , where the pain is , it goes through your stomach , intestines and various other organs first . Swallowing pills is the most effective and
307So , people are more afraid of insects than they are of dying . ( Laughter ) At least , according to a 1973 `` Book of Lists '' survey which preceded all those online best , worst , funniest lists that you see today . Only heights and public
308So I grew up in Orlando , Florida . I was the son of an aerospace engineer . I lived and breathed the Apollo program . We either saw the launches from our backyard or we saw it by driving in the hour over to the Cape . I was
309Well , we all need a reason to wake up . For me , it just took 11,000 volts . I know you 're too polite to ask , so I will tell you . One night , sophomore year of college , just back from Thanksgiving holiday , a
310Chris Anderson : You were something of a mathematical phenom . You had already taught at Harvard and MIT at a young age . And then the NSA came calling . What was that about ? Jim Simons : Well the NSA — that 's the National Security Agency —
311This is a map of New York State that was made in 1937 by the General Drafting Company . It 's an extremely famous map among cartography nerds , because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains , there is a little town called Roscoe — actually ,
312For more than 100 years , the telephone companies have provided wiretapping assistance to governments . For much of this time , this assistance was manual . Surveillance took place manually and wires were connected by hand . Calls were recorded to tape . But as in so many other
313Billie Jean King : Hi , everyone ! ( Applause ) Thanks , Pat . Thank you ! Getting me all wound up , now ! ( Laughter ) Pat Mitchell : Good ! You know , when I was watching the video again of the match , you must
314Wow , what an honor . I always wondered what this would feel like . So eight years ago , I got the worst career advice of my life . I had a friend tell me , `` Do n't worry about how much you like the work you 're
315In the early days of Twitter , it was like a place of radical de-shaming . People would admit shameful secrets about themselves , and other people would say , `` Oh my God , I 'm exactly the same . '' Voiceless people realized that they had a voice
316Over the past 10 years , I 've been researching the way people organize and visualize information . And I 've noticed an interesting shift . For a long period of time , we believed in a natural ranking order in the world around us , also known as the
317I 'm here to recruit men to support gender equality . ( Cheers ) Wait , wait . What ? What do men have to do with gender equality ? Gender equality is about women , right ? I mean , the word gender is about women . Actually ,
318Paul Krugman , the Nobel Prize [ winner ] in economics , once wrote : `` Productivity is not everything , but in the long run , it is almost everything . '' So this is serious . There are not that many things on earth that are `` almost
319About 10 years ago , I went through a little bit of a hard time . So I decided to go see a therapist . I had been seeing her for a few months , when she looked at me one day and said , `` Who actually raised you
320So in 1885 , Karl Benz invented the automobile . Later that year , he took it out for the first public test drive , and — true story — crashed into a wall . For the last 130 years , we 've been working around that least reliable part
321Our emotions influence every aspect of our lives , from our health and how we learn , to how we do business and make decisions , big ones and small . Our emotions also influence how we connect with one another . We 've evolved to live in a world
322I 'm really excited to share with you some findings that really surprise me about what makes companies succeed the most , what factors actually matter the most for startup success . I believe that the startup organization is one of the greatest forms to make the world a better
323Alec Soth : So about 10 years ago , I got a call from a woman in Texas , Stacey Baker , and she 'd seen some of my photographs in an art exhibition and was wondering if she could commission me to take a portrait of her parents .
324Now , I 've been making pictures for quite a long time , and normally speaking , a picture like this , for me , should be straightforward . I 'm in southern Ethiopia . I 'm with the Daasanach . There 's a big family , there 's a
325I 've learned some of my most important life lessons from drug dealers and gang members and prostitutes , and I 've had some of my most profound theological conversations not in the hallowed halls of a seminary but on a street corner on a Friday night , at 1
326As a matter of fact , I was trying to think about my career since I left the White House , and the best example I have is a cartoon in The New Yorker a couple of years ago . This little boy is looking up at his father ,
327Just after Christmas last year , 132 kids in California got the measles by either visiting Disneyland or being exposed to someone who 'd been there . The virus then hopped the Canadian border , infecting more than 100 children in Quebec . One of the tragic things about this
328I am failing as a woman , I am failing as a feminist . I have passionate opinions about gender equality , but I worry that to freely accept the label of `` feminist , '' would not be fair to good feminists . I 'm a feminist , but
329I 'll begin today by sharing a poem written by my friend from Malawi , Eileen Piri . Eileen is only 13 years old , but when we were going through the collection of poetry that we wrote , I found her poem so interesting , so motivating . So
330I 'm here to tell you about the real search for alien life . Not little green humanoids arriving in shiny UFOs , although that would be nice . But it 's the search for planets orbiting stars far away . Every star in our sky is a sun .
331In 2011 , during the final six months of Kim Jong-Il 's life , I lived undercover in North Korea . I was born and raised in South Korea , their enemy . I live in America , their other enemy . Since 2002 , I had visited North Korea
332In the great 1980s movie `` The Blues Brothers , '' there 's a scene where John Belushi goes to visit Dan Aykroyd in his apartment in Chicago for the very first time . It 's a cramped , tiny space and it 's just three feet away from the
333I love a great mystery , and I 'm fascinated by the greatest unsolved mystery in science , perhaps because it 's personal . It 's about who we are , and I ca n't help but be curious . The mystery is this : What is the relationship between
334Someone who looks like me walks past you in the street . Do you think they 're a mother , a refugee or a victim of oppression ? Or do you think they 're a cardiologist , a barrister or maybe your local politician ? Do you look me up
335A few years ago , my mom developed rheumatoid arthritis . Her wrists , knees and toes swelled up , causing crippling , chronic pain . She had to file for disability . She stopped attending our local mosque . Some mornings it was too painful for her to brush
336Along the ancient path of the Monongahela River , Braddock , Pennsylvania sits in the eastern region of Allegheny County , approximately nine miles outside of Pittsburgh . An industrial suburb , Braddock is home to Andrew Carnegie 's first steel mill , the Edgar Thomson Works . Operating since
337It was the middle of summer and well past closing time in the downtown Berkeley bar where my friend Polly and I worked together as bartenders . Usually at the end of our shift we had a drink — but not that night . `` I 'm pregnant . Not
338An evolutionary biologist at Purdue University named William Muir studied chickens . He was interested in productivity — I think it 's something that concerns all of us — but it 's easy to measure in chickens because you just count the eggs . ( Laughter ) He wanted to
339The FBI is responsible for more terrorism plots in the United States than any other organization . More than al Qaeda , more than al Shabaab , more than the Islamic State , more than all of them combined . This is n't likely how you think about the FBI
340The first time I uttered a prayer was in a glass-stained cathedral . I was kneeling long after the congregation was on its feet , dip both hands into holy water , trace the trinity across my chest , my tiny body drooping like a question mark all over the
341I 'd like to have you look at this pencil . It 's a thing . It 's a legal thing . And so are books you might have or the cars you own . They 're all legal things . The great apes that you 'll see behind me
342This is a play called `` Sell/Buy/Date . '' It 's my first since `` Bridge and Tunnel , '' which I did on Broadway , and this one , I — thank you — I 've excerpted it just for you , so here we go . Right .
343Mark Twain summed up what I take to be one of the fundamental problems of cognitive science with a single witticism . He said , `` There 's something fascinating about science . One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment in fact . ''
344So if I told you that this was the face of pure joy , would you call me crazy ? I would n't blame you , because every time I look at this Arctic selfie , I shiver just a little bit . I want to tell you a little
345This summer I was back in Ohio for a family wedding , and when I was there , there was a meet and greet with Anna and Elsa from `` Frozen . '' Not the Anna and Elsa from `` Frozen , '' as this was not a Disney-sanctioned event
346Blah blah blah blah blah . Blah blah blah blah , blah blah , blah blah blah blah blah blah . Blah blah blah , blah . So what the hell was that ? Well , you do n't know because you could n't understand it . It was n't
347My colleagues and I are fascinated by the science of moving dots . So what are these dots ? Well , it 's all of us . And we 're moving in our homes , in our offices , as we shop and travel throughout our cities and around the
348When you 're a child , anything and everything is possible . The challenge , so often , is hanging on to that as we grow up . And as a four-year-old , I had the opportunity to sail for the first time . I will never forget the excitement
349This is my great uncle , my father 's father 's younger brother . His name was Joe McKenna . He was a young husband and a semi-pro basketball player and a fireman in New York City . Family history says he loved being a fireman , and so in
350Every group of female friends has the funny one , the one you go to when you need a good cry , the one who tells you to suck it up when you 've had a hard day . And this group was no different . Except that this was
351It was November 1 , 2002 , my first day as a principal , but hardly my first day in the school district of Philadelphia . I graduated from Philadelphia public schools , and I went on to teach special education for 20 years in a low-income , low-performing school
352( Clicking ) I was born with bilateral retinoblastoma , retinal cancer . My right eye was removed at seven months of age . I was 13 months when they removed my left eye . The first thing I did upon awakening from that last surgery was to climb out
353When I wrote my memoir , the publishers were really confused . Was it about me as a child refugee , or as a woman who set up a high-tech software company back in the 1960s , one that went public and eventually employed over 8,500 people ? Or was
354I 'm a potter , which seems like a fairly humble vocation . I know a lot about pots . I 've spent about 15 years making them . One of the things that really excites me in my artistic practice and being trained as a potter is that you
355I dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams . When we think about the dreams we have , and the dent we want to leave in the universe , it is striking to see how big of an overlap there is between the dreams that
356Today , I am going to talk about anger . When I was 11 , seeing some of my friends leaving the school because their parents could not afford textbooks made me angry . When I was 27 , hearing the plight of a desperate slave father whose daughter was
357You may not realize this , but there are more bacteria in your body than stars in our entire galaxy . This fascinating universe of bacteria inside of us is an integral part of our health , and our technology is evolving so rapidly that today we can program these
358( Music ) These bees are in my backyard in Berkeley , California . Until last year , I 'd never kept bees before , but National Geographic asked me to photograph a story about them , and I decided , to be able to take compelling images , I
359My first love was for the night sky . Love is complicated . You 're looking at a fly-through of the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field , one of the most distant images of our universe ever observed . Everything you see here is a galaxy , comprised of billions
360Chris Anderson : So I guess what we 're going to do is we 're going to talk about your life , and using some pictures that you shared with me . And I think we should start right here with this one . Okay , now who is this
361( Music ) Dannielle Hadley : Life in Pennsylvania means just that : life without the possibility of parole . For us lifers , as we call ourselves , our only chance for release is through commutation , which has only been granted to two women since 1989 , close
362To be honest , by personality , I 'm just not much of a crier . But I think in my career that 's been a good thing . I 'm a civil rights lawyer , and I 've seen some horrible things in the world . I began my
363Well , you know , sometimes the most important things come in the smallest packages . I am going to try to convince you , in the 15 minutes I have , that microbes have a lot to say about questions such as , `` Are we alone ? ''
364Imagine you 're in a bar , or a club , and you start talking , and after a while , the question comes up , `` So , what do you do for work ? '' And since you think your job is interesting , you say , ``
365People back home call me a heckler , a troublemaker , an irritant , a rebel , an activist , the voice of the people . But that was n't always me . Growing up , I had a nickname . They used to call me Softy , meaning the
366When I was growing up , I really liked playing hide-and-seek a lot . One time , though , I thought climbing a tree would lead to a great hiding spot , but I fell and broke my arm . I actually started first grade with a big cast all
367Virtual reality started for me in sort of an unusual place . It was the 1970s . I got into the field very young : I was seven years old . And the tool that I used to access virtual reality was the Evel Knievel stunt cycle . This is
368This is a kindergarten we designed in 2007 . We made this kindergarten to be a circle . It 's a kind of endless circulation on top of the roof . If you are a parent , you know that kids love to keep making circles . This is how
369I am a plant geneticist . I study genes that make plants resistant to disease and tolerant of stress . In recent years , millions of people around the world have come to believe that there 's something sinister about genetic modification . Today , I am going to provide
370Most of us think of motion as a very visual thing . If I walk across this stage or gesture with my hands while I speak , that motion is something that you can see . But there 's a world of important motion that 's too subtle for the
371These dragons from deep time are incredible creatures . They 're bizzarre , they 're beautiful , and there 's very little we know about them . These thoughts were going through my head when I looked at the pages of my first dinosaur book . I was about five
372The brain is an amazing and complex organ . And while many people are fascinated by the brain , they ca n't really tell you that much about the properties about how the brain works because we do n't teach neuroscience in schools . And one of the reasons why
373On the path that American children travel to adulthood , two institutions oversee the journey . The first is the one we hear a lot about : college . Some of you may remember the excitement that you felt when you first set off for college . Some of you
374I 'd like to take you on the epic quest of the Rosetta spacecraft . To escort and land the probe on a comet , this has been my passion for the past two years . In order to do that , I need to explain to you something about
375When I was nine years old , my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like , and I drew this fairy mushroom . And then she actually built it . ( Laughter ) I do n't think I realized this was so unusual at the
376I 'd like to tell you a story about death and architecture . A hundred years ago , we tended to die of infectious diseases like pneumonia , that , if they took hold , would take us away quite quickly . We tended to die at home , in
377I know what you 're thinking : `` Why does that guy get to sit down ? '' That 's because this is radio . ( Music ) I tell radio stories about design , and I report on all kinds of stories : buildings and toothbrushes and mascots and
378In June of 1998 , Tori Murden McClure left Nags Head , North Carolina for France . That 's her boat , the American Pearl . It 's 23 feet long and just six feet across at its widest point . The deck was the size of a cargo bed
379When I was a kid , the disaster we worried about most was a nuclear war . That 's why we had a barrel like this down in our basement , filled with cans of food and water . When the nuclear attack came , we were supposed to go
380I am a Hazara , and the homeland of my people is Afghanistan . Like hundreds of thousands of other Hazara kids , I was born in exile . The ongoing persecution and operation against the Hazaras forced my parents to leave Afghanistan . This persecution has had a long
381This is a story about capitalism . It 's a system I love because of the successes and opportunities it 's afforded me and millions of others . I started in my 20s trading commodities , cotton in particular , in the pits , and if there was ever a
382Growing up , I did n't always understand why my parents made me follow the rules that they did . Like , why did I really have to mow the lawn ? Why was homework really that important ? Why could n't I put jelly beans in my oatmeal ?
383Isadora Duncan — ( Music ) — crazy , long-legged woman from San Francisco , got tired of this country , and she wanted to get out . Isadora was famous somewhere around 1908 for putting up a blue curtain , and she would stand with her hands over her
384I 'm thrilled to be here tonight to share with you something we 've been working on for over two years , and it 's in the area of additive manufacturing , also known as 3D printing . You see this object here . It looks fairly simple , but
385I grew up with my identical twin , who was an incredibly loving brother . Now , one thing about being a twin is , it makes you an expert at spotting favoritism . If his cookie was even slightly bigger than my cookie , I had questions . And
386You 've heard of your I.Q. , your general intelligence , but what 's your Psy-Q ? How much do you know about what makes you tick , and how good are you at predicting other people 's behavior or even your own ? And how much of what you
387Let me show you something . ( Video ) Girl : Okay , that 's a cat sitting in a bed . The boy is petting the elephant . Those are people that are going on an airplane . That 's a big airplane . Fei-Fei Li : This is
388We need to change the culture in our jails and prisons , especially for young inmates . New York state is one of only two in the U.S. that automatically arrests and tries 16- to 17-year-olds as adults . This culture of violence takes these young people and puts them
389I can not forget them . Their names were Aslan , Alik , Andrei , Fernanda , Fred , Galina , Gunnhild , Hans , Ingeborg , Matti , Natalya , Nancy , Sheryl , Usman , Zarema , and the list is longer . For many , their existence
390Tonight , I 'm going to try to make the case that inviting a loved one , a friend or even a stranger to record a meaningful interview with you just might turn out to be one of the most important moments in that person 's life , and in
391You 're looking at a woman who was publicly silent for a decade . Obviously , that 's changed , but only recently . It was several months ago that I gave my very first major public talk at the Forbes 30 Under 30 summit : 1,500 brilliant people ,
392Traditional prescriptions for growth in Africa are not working very well . After one trillion dollars in African development-related aid in the last 60 years , real per capita income today is lower than it was in the 1970s . Aid is not doing too well . In response ,
393Six thousand miles of road , 600 miles of subway track , 400 miles of bike lanes and a half a mile of tram track , if you 've ever been to Roosevelt Island . These are the numbers that make up the infrastructure of New York City . These
394While preparing for my talk I was reflecting on my life and trying to figure out where exactly was that moment when my journey began . A long time passed by , and I simply could n't figure out the beginning or the middle or the end of my story
395What 's the fastest growing threat to Americans ' health ? Cancer ? Heart attacks ? Diabetes ? The answer is actually none of these ; it 's Alzheimer 's disease . Every 67 seconds , someone in the United States is diagnosed with Alzheimer 's . As the number
396Today I 'm going to speak to you about the last 30 years of architectural history . That 's a lot to pack into 18 minutes . It 's a complex topic , so we 're just going to dive right in at a complex place : New Jersey .
397I 'd like to start my performance by saying 90 percent of everything is crap . ( Laughter ) It 's called Sturgeon 's law , and what that means is that the majority of anything is always bad . I have a giraffe here . I 'm going to
398We are built out of very small stuff , and we are embedded in a very large cosmos , and the fact is that we are not very good at understanding reality at either of those scales , and that 's because our brains have n't evolved to understand the
399Today I want to talk to you about the mathematics of love . Now , I think that we can all agree that mathematicians are famously excellent at finding love . But it 's not just because of our dashing personalities , superior conversational skills and excellent pencil cases .
400Twenty-five years ago , scientists at CERN created the World Wide Web . Since then , the Internet has transformed the way we communicate , the way we do business , and even the way we live . In many ways , the ideas that gave birth to Google ,
401( Rainforest noises ) In the summer of 2011 , as a tourist , I visited the rainforests of Borneo for the very first time , and as you might imagine , it was the overwhelming sounds of the forest that struck me the most . There 's this constant
402When I was invited to give this talk a couple of months ago , we discussed a number of titles with the organizers , and a lot of different items were kicked around and were discussed . But nobody suggested this one , and the reason for that was two
403How many people here have heard of PMS ? Everybody , right ? Everyone knows that women go a little crazy right before they get their period , that the menstrual cycle throws them onto an inevitable hormonal roller coaster of irrationality and irritability . There 's a general assumption
404I have a confession to make . I 'm a business professor whose ambition has been to help people learn to lead . But recently , I 've discovered that what many of us think of as great leadership does not work when it comes to leading innovation . I
405Hello . I 'm a toy developer . With a dream of creating new toys that have never been seen before , I began working at a toy company nine years ago . When I first started working there , I proposed many new ideas to my boss every day
406So infectious diseases , right ? Infectious diseases are still the main cause of human suffering and death around the world . Every year , millions of people die of diseases such as T.B. , malaria , HIV , around the world and even in the United States . Every
407I am multidisciplinary . As a scientist , I 've been a crew commander for a NASA Mars simulation last year , and as an artist , I create multicultural community art all over the planet . And recently , I 've actually been combining both . But let me
408I 'm an artist and I cut books . This is one of my first book works . It 's called `` Alternate Route to Knowledge . '' I wanted to create a stack of books so that somebody could come into the gallery and think they 're just looking
409We humans have always been very concerned about the health of our bodies , but we have n't always been that good at figuring out what 's important . Take the ancient Egyptians , for example : very concerned about the body parts they thought they 'd need in the
410As an Arab female photographer , I have always found ample inspiration for my projects in personal experiences . The passion I developed for knowledge , which allowed me to break barriers towards a better life was the motivation for my project I Read I Write . Pushed by my
411One of the first patients I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol , a beautiful month-old baby who was admitted with signs of a severe respiratory infection . Until then , I had never seen a patient worsen so fast . In just two days she was connected
412As a software developer and technologist , I 've worked on a number of civic technology projects over the years . Civic tech is sometimes referred to as tech for good , using technology to solve humanitarian problems . This is in 2010 in Uganda , working on a solution
413An 18-year-old , African-American male joined the United States Air Force and was assigned to Mountain Home Air Force Base and was a part of the air police squadron . Upon first arriving there , the first goal that I had was for me to identify an apartment , so
414In the mid-'90s , the CDC and Kaiser Permanente discovered an exposure that dramatically increased the risk for seven out of 10 of the leading causes of death in the United States . In high doses , it affects brain development , the immune system , hormonal systems , and
415`` Where are you from ? '' said the pale , tattooed man . `` Where are you from ? '' It 's September 21 , 2001 , 10 days after the worst attack on America since World War II . Everyone wonders about the next plane . People are
416On Mondays and Thursdays , I learn how to die . I call them my terminal days . My wife Fernanda does n't like the term , but a lot of people in my family died of melanoma cancer and my parents and grandparents had it . And I kept
417About 12 years ago , I gave up my career in banking to try to make the world a safer place . This involved a journey into national and global advocacy and meeting some of the most extraordinary people in the world . In the process , I became a
418Some years ago , I stumbled across a simple design exercise that helps people understand and solve complex problems , and like many of these design exercises , it kind of seems trivial at first , but under deep inspection , it turns out that it reveals unexpected truths about
4192014 is a very special year for me : 20 years as a consultant , 20 years of marriage , and I 'm turning 50 in one month . That means I was born in 1964 in a small town in Germany . It was a gray November day ,
420I 'm a lexicographer . I make dictionaries . And my job as a lexicographer is to try to put all the words possible into the dictionary . My job is not to decide what a word is ; that is your job . Everybody who speaks English decides together
421When I arrived in Kiev , on February 1 this year , Independence Square was under siege , surrounded by police loyal to the government . The protesters who occupied Maidan , as the square is known , prepared for battle , stockpiling homemade weapons and mass-producing improvised body armor
422My students and I work on very tiny robots . Now , you can think of these as robotic versions of something that you 're all very familiar with : an ant . We all know that ants and other insects at this size scale can do some pretty incredible
423I 'm a tourism entrepreneur and a peacebuilder , but this is not how I started . When I was seven years old , I remember watching television and seeing people throwing rocks , and thinking , this must be a fun thing to do . So I got out
424I would like to start with the story of Mary , a woman from an African village . Her first memories are of her family fleeing violent riots orchestrated by the ruling political party . Her brother was murdered by the state-sponsored militia , and she was raped more than
425In the 1600s , there were so many right whales in Cape Cod Bay off the east coast of the U.S. that apparently you could walk across their backs from one end of the bay to the other . Today , they number in the hundreds , and they 're
426It is very fashionable and proper to speak about food in all its forms , all its colors , aromas and tastes . But after the food goes through the digestive system , when it is thrown out as crap , it is no longer fashionable to speak about it
427I have a confession to make . As a scientist and engineer , I 've focused on efficiency for many years . But efficiency can be a cult , and today I 'd like to tell you about a journey that moved me out of the cult and back to
428I 'm a blogger , a filmmaker and a butcher , and I 'll explain how these identities come together . It started four years ago , when a friend and I opened our first Ramadan fast at one of the busiest mosques in New York City . Crowds of
429When the Portuguese arrived in Latin America about 500 years ago , they obviously found this amazing tropical forest . And among all this biodiversity that they had never seen before , they found one species that caught their attention very quickly . This species , when you cut the
430I want to speak about a forgotten conflict . It 's a conflict that rarely hits the headlines . It happens right here , in the Democratic Republic of Congo . Now , most people outside of Africa do n't know much about the war in Congo , so let
431Let 's go south . All of you are actually going south . This is the direction of south , this way , and if you go 8,000 kilometers out of the back of this room , you will come to as far south as you can go anywhere on
432When I was young , I prided myself as a nonconformist in the conservative U.S. state I live in , Kansas . I did n't follow along with the crowd . I was n't afraid to try weird clothing trends or hairstyles . I was outspoken and extremely social .
433Hi . Today I 'm going to share my personal journey with female genital mutilation , FGM . Feel free to cry , laugh , cross your legs , or do anything your body feels like doing . I 'm not going to name the things your body does .
434The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson , Missouri , in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown , underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment , designed for the battlefield , are making their way to small-town police departments across the United States
435When we think about mapping cities , we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings , and the settlement narrative that led to their creation , or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer , but there 's other ways to think about mapping
436It used to be that if you wanted to get a computer to do something new , you would have to program it . Now , programming , for those of you here that have n't done it yourself , requires laying out in excruciating detail every single step that
437So recently , we heard a lot about how social media helps empower protest , and that 's true , but after more than a decade of studying and participating in multiple social movements , I 've come to realize that the way technology empowers social movements can also paradoxically
438So in the oasis of intelligentsia that is TED , I stand here before you this evening as an expert in dragging heavy stuff around cold places . I 've been leading polar expeditions for most of my adult life , and last month , my teammate Tarka L'Herpiniere and
439When you grow up in a developing country like India , as I did , you instantly learn to get more value from limited resources and find creative ways to reuse what you already have . Take Mansukh Prajapati , a potter in India . He has created a fridge
440The power of yet . I heard about a high school in Chicago where students had to pass a certain number of courses to graduate , and if they did n't pass a course , they got the grade `` Not Yet . '' And I thought that was fantastic
441On June 12 , 2014 , precisely at 3:33 in a balmy winter afternoon in São Paulo , Brazil , a typical South American winter afternoon , this kid , this young man that you see celebrating here like he had scored a goal , Juliano Pinto , 29 years
442Has anyone among you ever been exposed to tear gas ? Tear gas ? Anyone ? I 'm sorry to hear that , so you might know that it 's a very toxic substance , but you might not know that it 's a very simple molecule with an unpronouncable
443Guatemala is recovering from a 36-year armed conflict . A conflict that was fought during the Cold War . It was really just a small leftist insurgency and a devastating response by the state . What we have as a result is 200,000 civilian victims , 160,000 of those killed
444So , I thought a lot about the first word I 'd say today , and I decided to say `` Colombia . '' And the reason , I do n't know how many of you have visited Colombia , but Colombia is just north of the border with Brazil
445I was on a long road trip this summer , and I was having a wonderful time listening to the amazing Isabel Wilkerson 's `` The Warmth of Other Suns . '' It documents six million black folks fleeing the South from 1915 to 1970 looking for a respite from
446So over the past few centuries , microscopes have revolutionized our world . They revealed to us a tiny world of objects , life and structures that are too small for us to see with our naked eyes . They are a tremendous contribution to science and technology . Today
447I 'm a lifelong traveler . Even as a little kid , I was actually working out that it would be cheaper to go to boarding school in England than just to the best school down the road from my parents ' house in California . So , from the
448Thank you . I have only got 18 minutes to explain something that lasts for hours and days , so I 'd better get started . Let 's start with a clip from Al Jazeera 's Listening Post . Richard Gizbert : Norway is a country that gets relatively little
449Ten years ago , I got a phone call that changed my life . At the time , I was cardiologist at UCLA , specializing in cardiac imaging techniques . The call came from a veterinarian at the Los Angeles Zoo . An elderly female chimpanzee had woken up with
450Well , good afternoon . How many of you took the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge ? ( Applause ) Woo hoo ! Well , I have to tell you , from the bottom of our hearts , thank you so very , very much . Do you know to date
451What has the War on Drugs done to the world ? Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico , Central America , so many other parts of the planet , the global black market estimated at 300 billion dollars a year , prisons packed in the United States and
452So imagine that a plane is about to crash with 250 children and babies , and if you knew how to stop that , would you ? Now imagine that 60 planes full of babies under five crash every single day . That 's the number of kids that never
453So I started working with refugees because I wanted to make a difference , and making a difference starts with telling their stories . So when I meet refugees , I always ask them questions . Who bombed your house ? Who killed your son ? Did the rest of
454The first patient to ever be treated with an antibiotic was a policeman in Oxford . On his day off from work , he was scratched by a rose thorn while working in the garden . That small scratch became infected . Over the next few days , his head
455I have a confession to make . I am addicted to adventure , and as a young boy , I would rather look outside the window at the birds in the trees and the sky than looking at that two-dimensional chalky blackboard where time stands still and even sometimes dies
456So this is Anna Hazare , and Anna Hazare may well be the most cutting-edge digital activist in the world today . And you would n't know it by looking at him . Hazare is a 77-year-old Indian anticorruption and social justice activist . And in 2011 , he was
457I have the feeling that we can all agree that we 're moving towards a new model of the state and society . But , we 're absolutely clueless as to what this is or what it should be . It seems like we need to have a conversation about
458I have n't told many people this , but in my head , I 've got thousands of secret worlds all going on all at the same time . I am also autistic . People tend to diagnose autism with really specific check-box descriptions , but in reality , it
459I live in Washington , D.C. , but I grew up in Sindhekela , a village in Orissa , in India . My father was a government worker . My mother could not read or write , but she would say to me , `` A king is worshipped only
460George and Charlotte Blonsky , who were a married couple living in the Bronx in New York City , invented something . They got a patent in 1965 for what they call , `` a device to assist women in giving birth . '' This device consists of a large
461Technology has brought us so much : the moon landing , the Internet , the ability to sequence the human genome . But it also taps into a lot of our deepest fears , and about 30 years ago , the culture critic Neil Postman wrote a book called ``
462I came here to show you the Fotokite . It 's a tethered , flying camera . But before I do that , I want to tell you a bit about where it came from , what motivated it . So I was born in Russia , and three years
463You know , it 's a big privilege for me to be working in one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world : the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean . These islands — Mauritius , Rodrigues , and Réunion — along with the island of Madagascar , they are
464I want you guys to imagine that you 're a soldier running through the battlefield . Now , you 're shot in the leg with a bullet , which severs your femoral artery . Now , this bleed is extremely traumatic and can kill you in less than three minutes
465Dre Urhahn : This theater is built on Copacabana , which is the most famous beach in the world , but 25 kilometers away from here in the North Zone of Rio lies a community called Vila Cruzeiro , and roughly 60,000 people live there . Now , the people
466Humanity takes center stage at TED , but I would like to add a voice for the animals , whose bodies and minds and spirits shaped us . Some years ago , it was my good fortune to meet a tribal elder on an island not far from Vancouver .
467Vision is the most important and prioritized sense that we have . We are constantly looking at the world around us , and quickly we identify and make sense of what it is that we see . Let 's just start with an example of that very fact . I
468I experienced my first coup d ' état at the age of four . Because of the coup d ' état , my family had to leave my native home of Ghana and move to the Gambia . As luck would have it , six months after we arrived ,
469They told me that I 'm a traitor to my own profession , that I should be fired , have my medical license taken away , that I should go back to my own country . My email got hacked . In a discussion forum for other doctors , someone
470On January 4 , 1934 , a young man delivered a report to the United States Congress that 80 years on , still shapes the lives of everyone in this room today , still shapes the lives of everyone on this planet . That young man was n't a politician
471There is an entire genre of YouTube videos devoted to an experience which I am certain that everyone in this room has had . It entails an individual who , thinking they 're alone , engages in some expressive behavior — wild singing , gyrating dancing , some mild sexual
472Picture this : It 's Monday morning , you 're at the office , you 're settling in for the day at work , and this guy that you sort of recognize from down the hall , walks right into your cubicle and he steals your chair . Does n't
473I suspect that every aid worker in Africa comes to a time in her career when she wants to take all the money for her project — maybe it 's a school or a training program — pack it in a suitcase , get on a plane flying over the
474Let me tell you a story about a little girl named Naghma . Naghma lived in a refugee camp with her parents and her eight brothers and sisters . Every morning , her father would wake up in the hopes he 'd be picked for construction work , and on
475The Earth needs no introduction . It needs no introduction in part because the Apollo 17 astronauts , when they were hurtling around the moon in 1972 , took this iconic image . It galvanized a whole generation of human beings to realize that we 're on Spaceship Earth ,
476I just met you on a bus , and we would really like to get to know each other , but I 've got to get off at the next stop , so you 're going to tell me three things about yourself that just define you as a person
477I know a man who soars above the city every night . In his dreams , he twirls and swirls with his toes kissing the Earth . Everything has motion , he claims , even a body as paralyzed as his own . This man is my father . Three
478Sleep . It 's something we spend about a third of our lives doing , but do any of us really understand what it 's all about ? Two thousand years ago , Galen , one of the most prominent medical researchers of the ancient world , proposed that while
479Almost a year ago , my aunt started suffering back pains . She went to see the doctor and they told her it was a normal injury for someone who had been playing tennis for almost 30 years . They recommended that she do some therapy , but after a
480This is my niece , Stella . She 's just turned one and started to walk . And she 's walking in that really cool way that one-year-olds do , a kind of teetering , my-body's-moving- too-fast-for-my-legs kind of way . It is absolutely gorgeous . And one of her
481Hi everybody . So my name is Mac . My job is that I lie to children , but they 're honest lies . I write children 's books , and there 's a quote from Pablo Picasso , `` We all know that Art is not truth . Art
482I 'm a teacher and a practitioner of civics in America . Now , I will kindly ask those of you who have just fallen asleep to please wake up . ( Laughter ) Why is it that the very word `` civics '' has such a soporific , even
483It 's very nice to be here tonight . So I 've been working on the history of income and wealth distribution for the past 15 years , and one of the interesting lessons coming from this historical evidence is indeed that , in the long run , there is
484I want to tell you how 20,000 remarkable young people from over 100 countries ended up in Cuba and are transforming health in their communities . Ninety percent of them would never have left home at all if it were n't for a scholarship to study medicine in Cuba and
485For over a decade as a doctor , I 've cared for homeless veterans , for working-class families . I 've cared for people who live and work in conditions that can be hard , if not harsh , and that work has led me to believe that we need
486We are at a remarkable moment in time . We face over the next two decades two fundamental transformations that will determine whether the next 100 years is the best of centuries or the worst of centuries . Let me illustrate with an example . I first visited Beijing 25
487Women represent 50 percent of middle management and professional positions , but the percentages of women at the top of organizations represent not even a third of that number . So some people hear that statistic and they ask , why do we have so few women leaders ? But
488Hans Rosling : I 'm going to ask you three multiple choice questions . Use this device . Use this device to answer . The first question is , how did the number of deaths per year from natural disaster , how did that change during the last century ?
489So recently , some white guys and some black women swapped Twitter avatars , or pictures online . They did n't change their content , they kept tweeting the same as usual , but suddenly , the white guys noticed they were getting called the n-word all the time and
490My dream is to build the world 's first underground park in New York City . Now , why would someone want to build an underground park , and why in New York City ? These three tough little buggers are , on the left , my grandmother , age
491These are simple objects : clocks , keys , combs , glasses . They are the things the victims of genocide in Bosnia carried with them on their final journey . We are all familiar with these mundane , everyday objects . The fact that some of the victims carried
492I am an engineering professor , and for the past 14 years I 've been teaching crap . ( Laughter ) Not that I 'm a bad teacher , but I 've been studying and teaching about human waste and how waste is conveyed through these wastewater treatment plants ,
493On November 5th , 1990 , a man named El-Sayyid Nosair walked into a hotel in Manhattan and assassinated Rabbi Meir Kahane , the leader of the Jewish Defense League . Nosair was initially found not guilty of the murder , but while serving time on lesser charges , he
494What do you guys think ? For those who watched Sir Ken 's memorable TED Talk , I am a typical example of what he describes as `` the body as a form of transport for the head , '' a university professor . You might think it was not
495When I turned 19 , I started my career as the first female photojournalist in the Gaza Strip , Palestine . My work as a woman photographer was considered a serious insult to local traditions , and created a lasting stigma for me and my family . The male-dominated field
496Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. , in a 1968 speech where he reflects upon the Civil Rights Movement , states , `` In the end , we will remember not the words of our enemies but the silence of our friends . '' As a teacher , I 've
497Recently , I flew over a crowd of thousands of people in Brazil playing music by George Frideric Handel . I also drove along the streets of Amsterdam , again playing music by this same composer . Let 's take a look . ( Music : George Frideric Handel ,
498In Kenya , 1984 is known as the year of the cup , or the goro goro . The goro goro is a cup used to measure two kilograms of maize flower on the market , and the maize flower is used to make ugali , a polenta-like cake that
499Ten years ago , I wrote a book which I entitled `` Our Final Century ? '' Question mark . My publishers cut out the question mark . ( Laughter ) The American publishers changed our title to `` Our Final Hour . '' Americans like instant gratification and the
500This is a photograph of a man whom for many years I plotted to kill . This is my father , Clinton George `` Bageye '' Grant . He 's called Bageye because he has permanent bags under his eyes . As a 10-year-old , along with my siblings ,
501I 've been a critical care EMT for the past seven years in Suffolk County , New York . I 've been a first responder in a number of incidents ranging from car accidents to Hurricane Sandy . If you are like most people , death might be one of
502Talking about empowerment is odd , because when we talk about empowerment , what affects us most are the stories . So I want to begin with an everyday story . What is it really like to be a young woman in India ? Now , I 've spent the
503America 's favorite pie is ? Audience : Apple . Kenneth Cukier : Apple . Of course it is . How do we know it ? Because of data . You look at supermarket sales . You look at supermarket sales of 30-centimeter pies that are frozen , and apple
504Good afternoon . My name is Uldus . I am a photo-based artist from Russia . I started my way around six years ago with ironic self-portraits to lay open so many stereotypes about nationalities , genders , and social issues — [ `` I am Russian . I sell
505So in 1781 , an English composer , technologist and astronomer called William Herschel noticed an object on the sky that did n't quite move the way the rest of the stars did . And Herschel 's recognition that something was different , that something was n't quite right ,
506TED is 30 . The world wide web is celebrating this month its 25th anniversary . So I 've got a question for you . Let 's talk about the journey , mainly about the future . Let 's talk about the state . Let 's talk about what sort
507How many times have you used the word `` awesome '' today ? Once ? Twice ? Seventeen times ? Do you remember what you were describing when you used the word ? No , I did n't think so , because it 's come down to this , people
508Today I want to tell you about a project being carried out by scientists all over the world to paint a neural portrait of the human mind . And the central idea of this work is that the human mind and brain is not a single , general-purpose processor ,
509When my first children 's book was published in 2001 , I returned to my old elementary school to talk to the students about being an author and an illustrator , and when I was setting up my slide projector in the cafetorium , I looked across the room ,
510I 'm an industrial engineer . The goal in my life has always been to make more and more products in the least amount of time and resources . While working at Toyota , all I knew was how to make cars until I met Dr. Akira Miyawaki , who
511Oliver was an extremely dashing , handsome , charming and largely unstable male that I completely lost my heart to . ( Laughter ) He was a Bernese mountain dog , and my ex-husband and I adopted him , and about six months in , we realized that he was
512I would like to share with you today a project that has changed how I approach and practice architecture : the Fez River Rehabilitation Project . My hometown of Fez , Morocco , boasts one of the largest walled medieval cities in the world , called the medina , nestled
513Why does the universe exist ? Why is there — Okay . Okay . ( Laughter ) This is a cosmic mystery . Be solemn . Why is there a world , why are we in it , and why is there something rather than nothing at all ? I
514My grandfather was a cobbler . Back in the day , he made custom-made shoes . I never got to meet him . He perished in the Holocaust . But I did inherit his love for making , except that it does n't exist that much anymore . You see
515The human voice : It 's the instrument we all play . It 's the most powerful sound in the world , probably . It 's the only one that can start a war or say `` I love you . '' And yet many people have the experience that
516I 've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it 's changed over the last 20 , 30 , 40 years . Twenty or 30 years ago , if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East Asia , it
517I 'm a veteran of the starship Enterprise . I soared through the galaxy driving a huge starship with a crew made up of people from all over this world , many different races , many different cultures , many different heritages , all working together , and our mission
518I need to start by telling you a little bit about my social life , which I know may not seem relevant , but it is . When people meet me at parties and they find out that I 'm an English professor who specializes in language , they generally
519The first time I stood in the operating room and watched a real surgery , I had no idea what to expect . I was a college student in engineering . I thought it was going to be like on TV . Ominous music playing in the background , beads
520I do n't know if you 've noticed , but there 's been a spate of books that have come out lately contemplating or speculating on the cognition and emotional life of dogs . Do they think , do they feel and , if so , how ? So this
521Could I protect my father from the Armed Islamic Group with a paring knife ? That was the question I faced one Tuesday morning in June of 1993 , when I was a law student . I woke up early that morning in Dad 's apartment on the outskirts of
522This is a lot of ones and zeros . It 's what we call binary information . This is how computers talk . It 's how they store information . It 's how computers think . It 's how computers do everything it is that computers do . I 'm
523When I was preparing for this talk , I went to search for a couple of quotes that I can share with you . Good news : I found three that I particularly liked , the first by Samuel Johnson , who said , `` When making your choice in
524Every day we face issues like climate change or the safety of vaccines where we have to answer questions whose answers rely heavily on scientific information . Scientists tell us that the world is warming . Scientists tell us that vaccines are safe . But how do we know if
525I want to talk to you about one thing and just one thing only , and this has to do with when people ask me , what do you do ? To which I usually respond , I do computer music . Now , a number of people just stop
526I would like to share with you a new model of higher education , a model that , once expanded , can enhance the collective intelligence of millions of creative and motivated individuals that otherwise would be left behind . Look at the world . Pick up a place and
527When we think about prejudice and bias , we tend to think about stupid and evil people doing stupid and evil things . And this idea is nicely summarized by the British critic William Hazlitt , who wrote , `` Prejudice is the child of ignorance . '' I want
528I am a computer science and engineering professor here at Carnegie Mellon , and my research focuses on usable privacy and security , and so my friends like to give me examples of their frustrations with computing systems , especially frustrations related to unusable privacy and security . So passwords
529Puzzles and magic . I work in what most people think are two distinct fields , but I believe they are the same . I am both a magician and a New York Times crossword puzzle constructor , which basically means I 've taken the world 's two nerdiest hobbies
530I was born in Taiwan . I grew up surrounded by different types of hardware stores , and I like going to night markets . I love the energy of the night markets , the colors , the lights , the toys , and all the unexpected things I find
531As a scientist , and also as a human being , I 've been trying to make myself susceptible to wonder . I think Jason Webley last night called it `` conspiring to be part of the magic . '' So it 's fortunate that my career as a biologist
532Take a look at this drawing . Can you tell what it is ? I 'm a molecular biologist by training , and I 've seen a lot of these kinds of drawings . They 're usually referred to as a model figure , a drawing that shows how we
533What do you think of when I say the word `` design '' ? You probably think of things like this , finely crafted objects that you can hold in your hand , or maybe logos and posters and maps that visually explain things , classic icons of timeless design
534It was less than a year after September 11 , and I was at the Chicago Tribune writing about shootings and murders , and it was leaving me feeling pretty dark and depressed . I had done some activism in college , so I decided to help a local group
535I 'd like to introduce you to an organism : a slime mold , Physarum polycephalum . It 's a mold with an identity crisis , because it 's not a mold , so let 's get that straight to start with . It is one of 700 known slime
536We 're seen as the organization that is the bucket for failed social policy . I ca n't define who comes to us or how long they stay . We get the people for whom nothing else has worked , people who have fallen through all of the other social
537People say things about religion all the time . ( Laughter ) The late , great Christopher Hitchens wrote a book called `` God Is Not Great '' whose subtitle was , `` Religion Poisons Everything . '' ( Laughter ) But last month , in Time magazine , Rabbi
538( Music ) This is the human test , a test to see if you are a human . Please raise your hand if something applies to you . Are we agreed ? Yes ? Then let 's begin . Have you ever eaten a booger long past your childhood
539As a kid I always loved information that I could get from data and the stories that could be told with numbers . I remember , growing up , I 'd be frustrated at how my own parents would lie to me using numbers . `` Talithia , if I
540You probably do n't know me , but I am one of those .01 percenters that you hear about and read about , and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat . And tonight , what I would like to do is speak directly to other plutocrats , to
541Six months ago , I got an email from a man in Israel who had read one of my books , and the email said , `` You do n't know me , but I 'm your 12th cousin . '' And it said , `` I have a family
542Twenty-three years ago , at the age of 19 , I shot and killed a man . I was a young drug dealer with a quick temper and a semi-automatic pistol . But that was n't the end of my story . In fact , it was beginning , and
543On March 10 , 2011 , I was in Cambridge at the MIT Media Lab meeting with faculty , students and staff , and we were trying to figure out whether I should be the next director . That night , at midnight , a magnitude 9 earthquake hit off
544Think of a hard choice you 'll face in the near future . It might be between two careers — artist and accountant — or places to live — the city or the country — or even between two people to marry — you could marry Betty or you could
545I 'm excited to be here to speak about vets , because I did n't join the Army because I wanted to go to war . I did n't join the Army because I had a lust or a need to go overseas and fight . Frankly , I joined
546At every stage of our lives we make decisions that will profoundly influence the lives of the people we 're going to become , and then when we become those people , we 're not always thrilled with the decisions we made . So young people pay good money to
547There 's a man by the name of Captain William Swenson who recently was awarded the congressional Medal of Honor for his actions on September 8 , 2009 . On that day , a column of American and Afghan troops were making their way through a part of Afghanistan to
548When I was a young officer , they told me to follow my instincts , to go with my gut , and what I 've learned is that often our instincts are wrong . In the summer of 2010 , there was a massive leak of classified documents that came
549Election night 2008 was a night that tore me in half . It was the night that Barack Obama was elected . [ One hundred and forty-three ] years after the end of slavery , and [ 43 ] years after the passage of the Voting Rights Act , an
550I 'm assuming everyone here has watched a TED Talk online at one time or another , right ? So what I 'm going to do is play this . This is the song from the TED Talks online . ( Music ) And I 'm going to slow it
551As a student of adversity , I 've been struck over the years by how some people with major challenges seem to draw strength from them . And I 've heard the popular wisdom that that has to do with finding meaning . And for a long time , I
552So , I have a feature on my website where every week people submit hypothetical questions for me to answer , and I try to answer them using math , science and comics . So for example , one person asked , what would happen if you tried to hit
553Scientific breakthrough , the kind that can potentially save lives , can sometimes be lying right out in the open for us to discover , in the evolved , accumulated body of human anecdote , for example , or in the time-tested adaptations that we observe in the natural world
554Wow , this is bright . It must use a lot of power . Well , flying you all in here must have cost a bit of energy too . So the whole planet needs a lot of energy , and so far we 've been running mostly on fossil
555`` Pheromone '' is a very powerful word . It conjures up sex , abandon , loss of control , and you can see , it 's very important as a word . But it 's only 50 years old . It was invented in 1959 . Now , if
556I grew up in a very small country town in Victoria . I had a very normal , low-key kind of upbringing . I went to school , I hung out with my friends , I fought with my younger sisters . It was all very normal . And when
557Four years ago , a security researcher , or , as most people would call it , a hacker , found a way to literally make ATMs throw money at him . His name was Barnaby Jack , and this technique was later called `` jackpotting '' in his honor
558You may be wondering why a marine biologist from Oceana would come here today to talk to you about world hunger . I 'm here today because saving the oceans is more than an ecological desire . It 's more than a thing we 're doing because we want to
559I read poetry all the time and write about it frequently and take poems apart to see how they work because I 'm a word person . I understand the world best , most fully , in words rather than , say , pictures or numbers , and when I
560We live in a very complex environment : complexity and dynamism and patterns of evidence from satellite photographs , from videos . You can even see it outside your window . It 's endlessly complex , but somehow familiar , but the patterns kind of repeat , but they never
561What do augmented reality and professional football have to do with empathy ? And what is the air speed velocity of an unladen swallow ? Now unfortunately , I 'm only going to answer one of those questions today , so please , try and contain your disappointment . When
562`` Why ? '' `` Why ? '' is a question that parents ask me all the time . `` Why did my child develop autism ? '' As a pediatrician , as a geneticist , as a researcher , we try and address that question . But autism is
563Even nature 's most disgusting creatures have important secrets , but who would want a swarm of cockroaches coming towards them ? Yet one of the greatest differences between natural and human technologies relates to robustness . Robust systems are stable in complex and new environments . Remarkably , cockroaches
564The Olympic motto is `` Citius , Altius , Fortius . '' Faster , Higher , Stronger . And athletes have fulfilled that motto rapidly . The winner of the 2012 Olympic marathon ran two hours and eight minutes . Had he been racing against the winner of the 1904
565I 'm going to ask and try to answer , in some ways , kind of an uncomfortable question . Both civilians , obviously , and soldiers suffer in war ; I do n't think any civilian has ever missed the war that they were subjected to . I 've
566So today 's top chef class is in how to rob a bank , and it 's clear that the general public needs guidance , because the average bank robbery nets only 7,500 dollars . Rank amateurs who know nothing about how to cook the books . The folks who
567I study ants in the desert , in the tropical forest and in my kitchen , and in the hills around Silicon Valley where I live . I 've recently realized that ants are using interactions differently in different environments , and that got me thinking that we could learn
568A computer is an incredibly powerful means of creative expression , but for the most part , that expression is confined to the screens of our laptops and mobile phones . And I 'd like to tell you a story about bringing this power of the computer to move things
569Approximately 30 years ago , when I was in oncology at the Children 's Hospital in Philadelphia , a father and a son walked into my office and they both had their right eye missing , and as I took the history , it became apparent that the father and
570I recently retired from the California Highway Patrol after 23 years of service . The majority of those 23 years was spent patrolling the southern end of Marin County , which includes the Golden Gate Bridge . The bridge is an iconic structure , known worldwide for its beautiful views
571Let me tell you a story . It goes back 200 million years . It 's a story of the neocortex , which means `` new rind . '' So in these early mammals , because only mammals have a neocortex , rodent-like creatures . It was the size of
572There are 39 million people in the world who are blind . Eighty percent of them are living in low-income countries such as Kenya , and the absolute majority do not need to be blind . They are blind from diseases that are either completely curable or preventable . Knowing
573As a little girl , I always imagined I would one day run away . From the age of six on , I kept a packed bag with some clothes and cans of food tucked away in the back of a closet . There was a deep restlessness in me
574So , a few years ago I was at JFK Airport about to get on a flight , when I was approached by two women who I do not think would be insulted to hear themselves described as tiny old tough-talking Italian-American broads . The taller one , who is
575First of all , for those of you who are not familiar with my work , I create multicultural characters , so characters from lots of different backgrounds . So before the present is the new future , a bit about the past is that I grew up in a
576So it was the fall of 1902 , and President Theodore Roosevelt needed a little break from the White House , so he took a train to Mississippi to do a little black bear hunting outside of a town called Smedes . The first day of the hunt , they
577So it 's 2006 . My friend Harold Ford calls me . He 's running for U.S. Senate in Tennessee , and he says , `` Mellody , I desperately need some national press . Do you have any ideas ? '' So I had an idea . I called
578I 'd like to talk today about how we can change our brains and our society . Meet Joe . Joe 's 32 years old and a murderer . I met Joe 13 years ago on the lifer wing at Wormwood Scrubs high-security prison in London . I 'd like
579I want you all to think about the third word that was ever said about you — or , if you were delivering , about the person you were delivering . And you can all mouth it if you want or say it out loud . It was — the
580If you look deep into the night sky , you see stars , and if you look further , you see more stars , and further , galaxies , and further , more galaxies . But if you keep looking further and further , eventually you see nothing for a
581In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies , fathers are usually known by their sons , but I 'm one of the few fathers who is known by his daughter , and I am proud of it . ( Applause ) Malala started her campaign for education and stood for
582Anyone in the room thought about sex today ? ( Laughter ) Yeah , you did . Thank you for putting your hand up over there . Well , I 'm here to provide you with some biological validation for your sordid daydreams . I 'm here to tell you
583Pat Mitchell : That day , January 8 , 2011 , began like all others . You were both doing the work that you love . You were meeting with constituents , which is something that you loved doing as a congresswoman , and Mark , you were happily preparing
584A herd of wildebeests , a shoal of fish , a flock of birds . Many animals gather in large groups that are among the most wonderful spectacles in the natural world . But why do these groups form ? The common answers include things like seeking safety in numbers
585When people think about cities , they tend to think of certain things . They think of buildings and streets and skyscrapers , noisy cabs . But when I think about cities , I think about people . Cities are fundamentally about people , and where people go and where
586I was born and raised in Sierra Leone , a small and very beautiful country in West Africa , a country rich both in physical resources and creative talent . However , Sierra Leone is infamous for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s when entire villages were burnt down
587Chris Anderson : We had Edward Snowden here a couple days ago , and this is response time . And several of you have written to me with questions to ask our guest here from the NSA . So Richard Ledgett is the 15th deputy director of the National Security
588This is a vending machine in Los Angeles . It 's in a shopping mall , and it sells fish eggs . It 's a caviar vending machine . This is the Art-o-mat , an art vending machine that sells small artistic creations by different artists , usually on small
589Type is something we consume in enormous quantities . In much of the world , it 's completely inescapable . But few consumers are concerned to know where a particular typeface came from or when or who designed it , if , indeed , there was any human agency involved
590The world makes you something that you 're not , but you know inside what you are , and that question burns in your heart : How will you become that ? I may be somewhat unique in this , but I am not alone , not alone at all
591Chris Anderson : So , this is an interview with a difference . On the basis that a picture is worth a thousand words , what I did was , I asked Bill and Melinda to dig out from their archive some images that would help explain some of what
592What is the intersection between technology , art and science ? Curiosity and wonder , because it drives us to explore , because we 're surrounded by things we ca n't see . And I love to use film to take us on a journey through portals of time and
593So I 've been thinking about the difference between the résumé virtues and the eulogy virtues . The résumé virtues are the ones you put on your résumé , which are the skills you bring to the marketplace . The eulogy virtues are the ones that get mentioned in the
594The year is 1800 . A curious little invention is being talked about . It 's called a microscope . What it allows you to do is see tiny little lifeforms that are invisible to the naked eye . Soon comes the medical discovery that many of these lifeforms are
595So my moment of truth did not come all at once . In 2010 , I had the chance to be considered for promotion from my job as director of policy planning at the U.S. State Department . This was my moment to lean in , to push myself forward
596The universe is teeming with planets . I want us , in the next decade , to build a space telescope that 'll be able to image an Earth about another star and figure out whether it can harbor life . My colleagues at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory at
597[ `` Rebecca Newberger Goldstein '' ] [ `` Steven Pinker '' ] [ `` The Long Reach of Reason '' ] Cabbie : Twenty-two dollars . Steven Pinker : Okay . Rebecca Newberger Goldstein : Reason appears to have fallen on hard times : Popular culture plumbs new depths
598Good morning . When I was a little boy , I had an experience that changed my life , and is in fact why I 'm here today . That one moment profoundly affected how I think about art , design and engineering . As background , I was fortunate
599Right now there is an aspiring teacher who is working on a 60-page paper based on some age-old education theory developed by some dead education professor wondering to herself what this task that she 's engaging in has to do with what she wants to do with her life ,
600My job at Twitter is to ensure user trust , protect user rights and keep users safe , both from each other and , at times , from themselves . Let 's talk about what scale looks like at Twitter . Back in January 2009 , we saw more than
601I work with children with autism . Specifically , I make technologies to help them communicate . Now , many of the problems that children with autism face , they have a common source , and that source is that they find it difficult to understand abstraction , symbolism .
602I feel so fortunate that my first job was working at the Museum of Modern Art on a retrospective of painter Elizabeth Murray . I learned so much from her . After the curator Robert Storr selected all the paintings from her lifetime body of work , I loved looking
603Chris Anderson : The rights of citizens , the future of the Internet . So I would like to welcome to the TED stage the man behind those revelations , Ed Snowden . ( Applause ) Ed is in a remote location somewhere in Russia controlling this bot from his
604Looking deeply inside nature , through the magnifying glass of science , designers extract principles , processes and materials that are forming the very basis of design methodology . From synthetic constructs that resemble biological materials , to computational methods that emulate neural processes , nature is driving design .
605What 's the scariest thing you 've ever done ? Or another way to say it is , what 's the most dangerous thing that you 've ever done ? And why did you do it ? I know what the most dangerous thing is that I 've ever done
606How many of you love rhythm ? Oh yeah , oh yeah . Oh yeah . ( Cheers ) ( Drumming ) I mean , I love all kinds of rhythm . I like to play jazz , a little funk , and hip hop , a little pop ,
607If you remember that first decade of the web , it was really a static place . You could go online , you could look at pages , and they were put up either by organizations who had teams to do it or by individuals who were really tech-savvy for
608I 've come here today to talk to you about a problem . It 's a very simple yet devastating problem , one that spans the globe and is affecting all of us . The problem is anonymous companies . It sounds like a really dry and technical thing ,
609When I was born , there was really only one book about how to raise your children , and it was written by Dr. Spock . ( Laughter ) Thank you for indulging me . I have always wanted to do that . No , it was Benjamin Spock ,
610Intelligence — what is it ? If we take a look back at the history of how intelligence has been viewed , one seminal example has been Edsger Dijkstra 's famous quote that `` the question of whether a machine can think is about as interesting as the question of
611What makes a great leader today ? Many of us carry this image of this all-knowing superhero who stands and commands and protects his followers . But that 's kind of an image from another time , and what 's also outdated are the leadership development programs that are based
612The entire model of capitalism and the economic model that you and I did business in , and , in fact , continue to do business in , was built around what probably Milton Friedman put more succinctly . And Adam Smith , of course , the father of modern
613I 'm going to go off script and make Chris quite nervous here by making this audience participation . All right . Are you with me ? Yeah . Yeah . All right . So what I 'd like to do is have you raise your hand if you 've
614The 2011 Arab Spring captured the attention of the world . It also captured the attention of authoritarian governments in other countries , who were worried that revolution would spread . To respond , they ramped up surveillance of activists , journalists and dissidents who they feared would inspire revolution
615In 2007 , I became the attorney general of the state of New Jersey . Before that , I 'd been a criminal prosecutor , first in the Manhattan district attorney 's office , and then at the United States Department of Justice . But when I became the attorney
616What is love ? It 's a hard term to define in so far as it has a very wide application . I can love jogging . I can love a book , a movie . I can love escalopes . I can love my wife . ( Laughter )
617I had brain surgery 18 years ago , and since that time , brain science has become a personal passion of mine . I 'm actually an engineer . And first let me say , I recently joined Google 's Moonshot group , where I had a division , the
618Five years ago , I was a Ph.D. student living two lives . In one , I used NASA supercomputers to design next-generation spacecraft , and in the other I was a data scientist looking for potential smugglers of sensitive nuclear technologies . As a data scientist , I did
619Server : May I help you , sir ? Customer : Uh , let 's see . Server : We have pan seared registry error sprinkled with the finest corrupted data , binary brioche , RAM sandwiches , Conficker fitters , and a scripting salad with or without polymorphic dressing
620I 'd like to talk today about a powerful and fundamental aspect of who we are : our voice . Each one of us has a unique voiceprint that reflects our age , our size , even our lifestyle and personality . In the words of the poet Longfellow ,
621I 'm going to talk to you tonight about coming out of the closet , and not in the traditional sense , not just the gay closet . I think we all have closets . Your closet may be telling someone you love her for the first time , or
622Almost two years ago , I was driving in my car in Germany , and I turned on the radio . Europe at the time was in the middle of the Euro crisis , and all the headlines were about European countries getting downgraded by rating agencies in the United
623Science , science has allowed us to know so much about the far reaches of the universe , which is at the same time tremendously important and extremely remote , and yet much , much closer , much more directly related to us , there are many things we do
624I 'm going to talk about hackers . And the image that comes to your mind when I say that word is probably not of Benjamin Franklin , but I 'm going to explain to you why it should be . The image that comes to your mind is probably
625It 's a pleasure to be here in Edinburgh , Scotland , the birthplace of the needle and syringe . Less than a mile from here in this direction , in 1853 a Scotsman filed his very first patent on the needle and syringe . His name was Alexander Wood
626I 'd like to reimagine education . The last year has seen the invention of a new four-letter word . It starts with an M. MOOC : massive open online courses . Many organizations are offering these online courses to students all over the world , in the millions ,
627The world is changing in some really profound ways , and I worry that investors are n't paying enough attention to some of the biggest drivers of change , especially when it comes to sustainability . And by sustainability , I mean the really juicy things , like environmental and
628Some of my most wonderful memories of childhood are of spending time with my grandmother , Mamar , in our four-family home in Brooklyn , New York . Her apartment was an oasis . It was a place where I could sneak a cup of coffee , which was really
629Hi . So today , I 'd like to share some works in progress . Since we are still realizing these works , we are largely working within the realm of intuition and mystery , still . So I 'm going to try and describe some of the experiences that
630I have spent the last years trying to resolve two enigmas : Why is productivity so disappointing in all the companies where I work ? I have worked with more than 500 companies . Despite all the technological advances — computers , I.T. , communications , telecommunications , the Internet
631The urban explosion of the last years of economic boom also produced dramatic marginalization , resulting in the explosion of slums in many parts of the world . This polarization of enclaves of mega-wealth surrounded by sectors of poverty and the socioeconomic inequalities they have engendered is really at the
632So when I was in Morocco , in Casablanca , not so long ago , I met a young unmarried mother called Faiza . Faiza showed me photos of her infant son and she told me the story of his conception , pregnancy , and delivery . It was a
633I want you to imagine what a breakthrough this was for women who were victims of violence in the 1980s . They would come into the emergency room with what the police would call `` a lovers ' quarrel , '' and I would see a woman who was beaten
634My job is to design , build and study robots that communicate with people . But this story does n't start with robotics at all , it starts with animation . When I first saw Pixar 's `` Luxo Jr. , '' I was amazed by how much emotion they
635I 'm going to talk a little bit about strategy and its relationship with technology . We tend to think of business strategy as being a rather abstract body of essentially economic thought , perhaps rather timeless . I 'm going to argue that , in fact , business strategy
636Here are some images of clusters of galaxies . They 're exactly what they sound like . They are these huge collections of galaxies , bound together by their mutual gravity . So most of the points that you see on the screen are not individual stars , but collections
637I 'm McKenna Pope . I 'm 14 years old , and when I was 13 , I convinced one of the largest toy companies , toymakers , in the world , Hasbro , to change the way that they marketed one of their most best-selling products . So allow
638Two years ago , I have to say there was no problem . Two years ago , I knew exactly what an icon looked like . It looks like this . Everybody 's icon , but also the default position of a curator of Italian Renaissance paintings , which I
639Thirteen years ago , we set ourselves a goal to end poverty . After some success , we 've hit a big hurdle . The aftermath of the financial crisis has begun to hit aid payments , which have fallen for two consecutive years . My question is whether the
640I 'd like to start , if I may , with the story of the Paisley snail . On the evening of the 26th of August , 1928 , May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow to the town of Paisley , seven miles east of the city , and
641So imagine , you 're in the supermarket , you 're buying some groceries , and you get given the option for a plastic or a paper shopping bag . Which one do you choose if you want to do the right thing by the environment ? Most people do
642As humans , it 's in our nature to want to improve our health and minimize our suffering . Whatever life throws at us , whether it 's cancer , diabetes , heart disease , or even broken bones , we want to try and get better . Now I
643So how many of you have ever been in a cave before ? Okay , a few of you . When you think of a cave , most of you think of a tunnel going through solid rock , and in fact , that 's how most caves are .
644So this is a picture of my dad and me at the beach in Far Rockaway , or actually Rockaway Park . I 'm the one with the blond hair . My dad 's the guy with the cigarette . It was the '60s . A lot of people smoked
645There is something you know about me , something very personal , and there is something I know about every one of you and that 's very central to your concerns . There is something that we know about everyone we meet anywhere in the world , on the street
646I would like to talk to you about a story about a small town kid . I do n't know his name , but I do know his story . He lives in a small village in southern Somalia . His village is near Mogadishu . Drought drives the small
647What is so special about the human brain ? Why is it that we study other animals instead of them studying us ? What does a human brain have or do that no other brain does ? When I became interested in these questions about 10 years ago , scientists
648It 's the fifth time I stand on this shore , the Cuban shore , looking out at that distant horizon , believing , again , that I 'm going to make it all the way across that vast , dangerous wilderness of an ocean . Not only have I
649I would like to show you how architecture has helped to change the life of my community and has opened opportunities to hope . I am a native of Burkina Faso . According to the World Bank , Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world ,
650So when I do my job , people hate me . In fact , the better I do my job , the more people hate me . And no , I 'm not a meter maid , and I 'm not an undertaker . I am a progressive lesbian talking
651( Aquatic noises ) So this video was taken at Aquarius undersea laboratory four miles off the coast of Key Largo , about 60 feet below the surface . NASA uses this extreme environment to train astronauts and aquanauts , and last year , they invited us along for the
652( Music ) For any of you who have visited or lived in New York City , these shots might start to look familiar . This is Central Park , one of the most beautifully designed public spaces in America . But to anyone who has n't visited , these
653Good morning ! Are you awake ? They took my name tag , but I wanted to ask you , did anyone here write their name on the tag in Arabic ? Anyone ! No one ? All right , no problem . Once upon a time , not long
654A couple of years ago , Harvard Business School chose the best business model of that year . It chose Somali piracy . Pretty much around the same time , I discovered that there were 544 seafarers being held hostage on ships , often anchored just off the Somali coast
655Mobility in developing world cities is a very peculiar challenge , because different from health or education or housing , it tends to get worse as societies become richer . Clearly , a unsustainable model . Mobility , as most other developing country problems , more than a matter of
656This is an image of the planet Earth . It looks very much like the Apollo pictures that are very well known . There is something different ; you can click on it , and if you click on it , you can zoom in on almost any place on
657I want you to , for a moment , think about playing a game of Monopoly . Except in this game , that combination of skill , talent and luck that helped earn you success in games , as in life , has been rendered irrelevant , because this game
658By 2010 , Detroit had become the poster child for an American city in crisis . There was a housing collapse , an auto industry collapse , and the population had plummeted by 25 percent between 2000 and 2010 , and many people were beginning to write it off ,
659`` Give me liberty or give me death . '' When Patrick Henry , the governor of Virginia , said these words in 1775 , he could never have imagined just how much they would come to resonate with American generations to come . At the time , these words
660I have a question : Who here remembers when they first realized they were going to die ? I do . I was a young boy , and my grandfather had just died , and I remember a few days later lying in bed at night trying to make sense
661`` I felt a Funeral , in my Brain , and Mourners to and fro kept treading — treading — till [ it seemed ] that Sense was breaking through — And when they all were seated , a Service , like a Drum — kept beating — beating —
662To give me an idea of how many of you here may find what I 'm about to tell you of practical value , let me ask you please to raise your hands : Who here is either over 65 years old or hopes to live past age 65 or
663Technology can change our understanding of nature . Take for example the case of lions . For centuries , it 's been said that female lions do all of the hunting out in the open savanna , and male lions do nothing until it 's time for dinner . You
664Five years ago , I was on a sabbatical , and I returned to the medical university where I studied . I saw real patients and I wore the white coat for the first time in 17 years , in fact since I became a management consultant . There were
665We have a global health challenge in our hands today , and that is that the way we currently discover and develop new drugs is too costly , takes far too long , and it fails more often than it succeeds . It really just is n't working , and
666So , stepping down out of the bus , I headed back to the corner to head west en route to a braille training session . It was the winter of 2009 , and I had been blind for about a year . Things were going pretty well . Safely
667Einstein said that `` I never think about the future — it comes soon enough . '' And he was right , of course . So today , I 'm here to ask you to think of how the future is happening now . Over the past 200 years ,
668I 'm here today to talk about social change , not a new therapy or a new intervention or a new way of working with kids or something like that , but a new business model for social change , a new way of tackling the problem . In Britain
669Hello , TEDWomen , what 's up . ( Cheering ) Not good enough . Hello , TEDWomen , what is up ? ( Loud cheering ) My name is Maysoon Zayid , and I am not drunk , but the doctor who delivered me was . He cut my
670How many of you have been to Oklahoma City ? Raise your hand . Yeah ? How many of you have not been to Oklahoma City and have no idea who I am ? ( Laughter ) Most of you . Let me give you a little bit of background
671So yesterday , I was out in the street in front of this building , and I was walking down the sidewalk , and I had company , several of us , and we were all abiding by the rules of walking down sidewalks . We 're not talking each
672When we think of Nepal , we tend to think of the snow-capped mountains of the Himalayas , the crystal-clear still waters of its alpine lakes , or the huge expanse of its grasslands . What some of us may not realize is that in the Himalayan foothills , where
673One billion people in the world today do not have access to all-season roads . One billion people . One seventh of the Earth 's population are totally cut off for some part of the year . We can not get medicine to them reliably , they can not get
674Sarge Salman : All the way from Los Altos Hills , California , Mr. Henry Evans . ( Applause ) Henry Evans : Hello . My name is Henry Evans , and until August 29 , 2002 , I was living my version of the American dream . I grew
675Nine years ago , I worked for the U.S. government in Iraq , helping rebuild the electricity infrastructure . And I was there , and I worked in that job because I believe that technology can improve people 's lives . One afternoon , I had tea with a storekeeper
676The two most likely largest inventions of our generation are the Internet and the mobile phone . They 've changed the world . However , largely to our surprise , they also turned out to be the perfect tools for the surveillance state . It turned out that the capability
677So why do we learn mathematics ? Essentially , for three reasons : calculation , application , and last , and unfortunately least in terms of the time we give it , inspiration . Mathematics is the science of patterns , and we study it to learn how to think
678The work of a transportation commissioner is n't just about stop signs and traffic signals . It involves the design of cities and the design of city streets . Streets are some of the most valuable resources that a city has , and yet it 's an asset that 's
679Three years ago , I was standing about a hundred yards from Chernobyl nuclear reactor number four . My Geiger counter dosimeter , which measures radiation , was going berserk , and the closer I got , the more frenetic it became , and frantic . My God . I
680So I 'd like you to come back with me just for a few minutes to a dark night in China , the night I met my husband . It was a city so long ago that it was still called Peking . So I went to a party .
681For a long time in my life , I felt like I 'd been living two different lives . There 's the life that everyone sees , and then there 's the life that only I see . And in the life that everyone sees , who I am is
682Have you ever asked yourselves why it is that companies , the really cool companies , the innovative ones , the creative , new economy-type companies — Apple , Google , Facebook — are coming out of one particular country , the United States of America ? Usually when I
683So last year , on the Fourth of July , experiments at the Large Hadron Collider discovered the Higgs boson . It was a historical day . There 's no doubt that from now on , the Fourth of July will be remembered not as the day of the Declaration
684I 'm a physician trained in infectious diseases , and following my training , I moved to Somalia from San Francisco . And my goodbye greeting from the chief of infectious diseases at San Francisco General was , `` Gary , this is the biggest mistake you 'll ever make
685There is an ancient proverb that says it 's very difficult to find a black cat in a dark room , especially when there is no cat . I find this a particularly apt description of science and how science works — bumbling around in a dark room , bumping
686I was about 10 years old on a camping trip with my dad in the Adirondack Mountains , a wilderness area in the northern part of New York State . It was a beautiful day . The forest was sparkling . The sun made the leaves glow like stained glass
687An image is worth more than a thousand words , so I 'm going to start my talk by stop talking and show you a few images that I recently captured . So by now , my talk is already 6,000 words long , and I feel like I should
688Throughout my career , I 've been fortunate enough to work with many of the great international architects , documenting their work and observing how their designs have the capacity to influence the cities in which they sit . I think of new cities like Dubai or ancient cities like
689I was in New York during Hurricane Sandy , and this little white dog called Maui was staying with me . Half the city was dark because of a power cut , and I was living on the dark side . Now , Maui was terrified of the dark ,
690So when I was eight years old , a new girl came to join the class , and she was so impressive , as the new girl always seems to be . She had vast quantities of very shiny hair and a cute little pencil case , super strong on
691I am a neuroscientist with a mixed background in physics and medicine . My lab at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology focuses on spinal cord injury , which affects more than 50,000 people around the world every year , with dramatic consequences for affected individuals , whose life literally
692I think we 're all aware that the world today is full of problems . We 've been hearing them today and yesterday and every day for decades . Serious problems , big problems , pressing problems . Poor nutrition , access to water , climate change , deforestation ,
693Africa is booming . Per capita incomes since the year 2000 have doubled , and this boom is impacting on everyone . Life expectancy has increased by one year every three years for the last decade . That means if an African child is born today , rather than three
694`` Iran is Israel 's best friend , and we do not intend to change our position in relation to Tehran . '' Believe it or not , this is a quote from an Israeli prime minister , but it 's not Ben-Gurion or Golda Meir from the era of
695So , we used to solve big problems . On July 21st , 1969 , Buzz Aldrin climbed out of Apollo 11 's lunar module and descended onto the Sea of Tranquility . Armstrong and Aldrin were alone , but their presence on the moon 's gray surface was the
696So in my free time outside of Twitter I experiment a little bit with telling stories online , experimenting with what we can do with new digital tools . And in my job at Twitter , I actually spent a little bit of time working with authors and storytellers as
697My work focuses on the connection of both thinking about our community life being part of the environment where architecture grows from the natural local conditions and traditions . Today I brought two recent projects as an example of this . Both projects are in emerging countries , one in
698It is said that the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence , and I believe this is true , especially when I hear President Obama often talk about the Korean education system as a benchmark of success . Well , I can tell you that
699I would like to tell you a story connecting the notorious privacy incident involving Adam and Eve , and the remarkable shift in the boundaries between public and private which has occurred in the past 10 years . You know the incident . Adam and Eve one day in the
700I think it 's safe to say that all humans will be intimate with death at least once in their lives . But what if that intimacy began long before you faced your own transition from life into death ? What would life be like if the dead literally lived
701I 've spent my life working on sustainability . I set up a climate change NGO called The Climate Group . I worked on forestry issues in WWF . I worked on development and agriculture issues in the U.N. system . About 25 years in total , and then three
702Here 's a question we need to rethink together : What should be the role of money and markets in our societies ? Today , there are very few things that money ca n't buy . If you 're sentenced to a jail term in Santa Barbara , California ,
703So I wanted to tell a story that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book , and it 's a story of something that happened 3,000 years ago , when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy . And it takes place in an area called
704So I 'm going to talk about trust , and I 'm going to start by reminding you of the standard views that people have about trust . I think these are so commonplace , they 've become clichés of our society . And I think there are three .
705We are going to take a quick voyage over the cognitive history of the 20th century , because during that century , our minds have altered dramatically . As you all know , the cars that people drove in 1900 have altered because the roads are better and because of
706Miranda Wang : We 're here to talk about accidents . How do you feel about accidents ? When we think about accidents , we usually consider them to be harmful , unfortunate or even dangerous , and they certainly can be . But are they always that bad ?
707I 'm five years old , and I am very proud . My father has just built the best outhouse in our little village in Ukraine . Inside , it 's a smelly , gaping hole in the ground , but outside , it 's pearly white formica and it
708Steve Ramirez : My first year of grad school , I found myself in my bedroom eating lots of Ben & amp ; Jerry 's watching some trashy TV and maybe , maybe listening to Taylor Swift . I had just gone through a breakup . ( Laughter ) So
709So if I was to ask you what the connection between a bottle of Tide detergent and sweat was , you 'd probably think that 's the easiest question that you 're going to be asked in Edinburgh all week . But if I was to say that they 're
710I 'd like you all to ask yourselves a question which you may never have asked yourselves before : What is possible with the human voice ? What is possible with the human voice ? ( Beatboxing ) ♪ Ooh baby ♪ ♪ baby ♪ ♪ baby ♪ ♪ baby
711I 'm going to talk about consciousness . Why consciousness ? Well , it 's a curiously neglected subject , both in our scientific and our philosophical culture . Now why is that curious ? Well , it is the most important aspect of our lives for a very simple
712My name is Dan Cohen and I am an academic , as he said . And what that means is that I argue . It 's an important part of my life . And I like to argue . And I 'm not just an academic , I 'm a
713Ah yes , those university days , a heady mix of Ph.D-level pure mathematics and world debating championships , or , as I like to say , `` Hello , ladies . Oh yeah . '' Did n't get much sexier than the Spence at university , let me tell
714I 'm going to be showing some of the cybercriminals ' latest and nastiest creations . So basically , please do n't go and download any of the viruses that I show you . Some of you might be wondering what a cybersecurity specialist looks like , and I thought
715Democracy is in trouble , no question about that , and it comes in part from a deep dilemma in which it is embedded . It 's increasingly irrelevant to the kinds of decisions we face that have to do with global pandemics , a cross-border problem ; with HIV
716In an age of global strife and climate change , I 'm here to answer the all important question : Why is sex so damn good ? If you 're laughing , you know what I mean . Now , before we get to that answer , let me tell
717This is Charley Williams . He was 94 when this photograph was taken . In the 1930s , Roosevelt put thousands and thousands of Americans back to work by building bridges and infrastructure and tunnels , but he also did something interesting , which was to hire a few hundred
718When I was about three or four years old , I remember my mum reading a story to me and my two big brothers , and I remember putting up my hands to feel the page of the book , to feel the picture they were discussing . And my
719I come from Lebanon , and I believe that running can change the world . I know what I have just said is simply not obvious . You know , Lebanon as a country has been once destroyed by a long and bloody civil war . Honestly , I do
720I have a confession to make . But first , I want you to make a little confession to me . In the past year , I want you to just raise your hand if you 've experienced relatively little stress . Anyone ? How about a moderate amount of
721My name is Tom , and I 've come here today to come clean about what I do for money . Basically , I use my mouth in strange ways in exchange for cash . ( Laughter ) I usually do this kind of thing in seedy downtown bars and
722So over the long course of human history , the infectious disease that 's killed more humans than any other is malaria . It 's carried in the bites of infected mosquitos , and it 's probably our oldest scourge . We may have had malaria since we evolved from
723Francesca Fedeli : Ciao . So he 's Mario . He 's our son . He was born two and a half years ago , and I had a pretty tough pregnancy because I had to stay still in a bed for , like , eight months . But in
724Hi . I am an architect . I am the only architect in the world making buildings out of paper like this cardboard tube , and this exhibition is the first one I did using paper tubes . 1986 , much , much longer before people started talking about ecological
725When I was a young man , I spent six years of wild adventure in the tropics working as an investigative journalist in some of the most bewitching parts of the world . I was as reckless and foolish as only young men can be . This is why wars
726The day I left home for the first time to go to university was a bright day brimming with hope and optimism . I 'd done well at school . Expectations for me were high , and I gleefully entered the student life of lectures , parties and traffic cone
727Do you think it 's possible to control someone 's attention ? Even more than that , what about predicting human behavior ? I think those are interesting ideas . For me , that would be the perfect superpower , actually kind of an evil way of approaching it .
728Adam Ockelford : I promise there wo n't be too much of me talking , and a lot of Derek playing , but I thought it would just be nice to recap on how Derek got to where he is today . It 's amazing now , because he 's
729In the northwest corner of the United States , right up near the Canadian border , there 's a little town called Libby , Montana , and it 's surrounded by pine trees and lakes and just amazing wildlife and these enormous trees that scream up into the sky .
730Motor racing is a funny old business . We make a new car every year , and then we spend the rest of the season trying to understand what it is we 've built to make it better , to make it faster . And then the next year ,
731When my father and I started a company to 3D print human tissues and organs , some people initially thought we were a little crazy . But since then , much progress has been made , both in our lab and other labs around the world . And given this
732You may want to take a closer look . There 's more to this painting than meets the eye . And yes , it 's an acrylic painting of a man , but I did n't paint it on canvas . I painted it directly on top of the man
733What do we know about the future ? Difficult question , simple answer : nothing . We can not predict the future . We only can create a vision of the future , how it might be , a vision which reveals disruptive ideas , which is inspiring , and
734I love paper , and I love technology , and what I do is I make paper interactive . And that 's what I say when people ask me what I do , but it really confuses most people , so really , the best way for me to convey
735This is an ambucycle . This is the fastest way to reach any medical emergency . It has everything an ambulance has except for a bed . You see the defibrillator . You see the equipment . We all saw the tragedy that happened in Boston . When I was
736This is our life with bees , and this is our life without bees . Bees are the most important pollinators of our fruits and vegetables and flowers and crops like alfalfa hay that feed our farm animals . More than one third of the world 's crop production is
737Eric Berlow : I 'm an ecologist , and Sean 's a physicist , and we both study complex networks . And we met a couple years ago when we discovered that we had both given a short TED Talk about the ecology of war , and we realized that
738I write fiction sci-fi thrillers , so if I say `` killer robots , '' you 'd probably think something like this . But I 'm actually not here to talk about fiction . I 'm here to talk about very real killer robots , autonomous combat drones . Now
739Good morning . My name is Eric Li , and I was born here . But no , I was n't born there . This was where I was born : Shanghai , at the height of the Cultural Revolution . My grandmother tells me that she heard the sound
740( Music ) ( Applause ) ( Music ) ( Music ends ) ( Applause ) Robbie Mizzone : Thank you . Tommy Mizzone : Thank you very much . We 're so excited to be here . It 's such an honor . Like he said , we 're
741Writing biography is a strange thing to do . It 's a journey into the foreign territory of somebody else 's life , a journey , an exploration that can take you places you never dreamed of going and still ca n't quite believe you 've been , especially if
742Allow me to start this talk with a question to everyone . You know that all over the world , people fight for their freedom , fight for their rights . Some battle oppressive governments . Others battle oppressive societies . Which battle do you think is harder ? Allow
743How many of you have checked your email today ? Come on , raise your hands . How many of you are checking it right now ? ( Laughter ) And how about finances ? Anybody check that today ? Credit card , investment account ? How about this week
744So what does it mean for a machine to be athletic ? We will demonstrate the concept of machine athleticism and the research to achieve it with the help of these flying machines called quadrocopters , or quads , for short . Quads have been around for a long time
745When I was a young boy , I used to gaze through the microscope of my father at the insects in amber that he kept in the house . And they were remarkably well preserved , morphologically just phenomenal . And we used to imagine that someday , they would
746`` Even in purely non-religious terms , homosexuality represents a misuse of the sexual faculty . It is a pathetic little second-rate substitute for reality — a pitiable flight from life . As such , it deserves no compassion , it deserves no treatment as minority martyrdom , and it
747So I was trained to become a gymnast for two years in Hunan , China in the 1970s . When I was in the first grade , the government wanted to transfer me to a school for athletes , all expenses paid . But my tiger mother said , ``
748Well , Arthur C. Clarke , a famous science fiction writer from the 1950s , said that , `` We overestimate technology in the short term , and we underestimate it in the long term . '' And I think that 's some of the fear that we see about
749Clouds . Have you ever noticed how much people moan about them ? They get a bad rap . If you think about it , the English language has written into it negative associations towards the clouds . Someone who 's down or depressed , they 're under a cloud
750The writer George Eliot cautioned us that , among all forms of mistake , prophesy is the most gratuitous . The person that we would all acknowledge as her 20th-century counterpart , Yogi Berra , agreed . He said , `` It 's tough to make predictions , especially about
751Living in Africa is to be on the edge , metaphorically , and quite literally when you think about connectivity before 2008 . Though many human intellectual and technological leaps had happened in Europe and the rest of the world , but Africa was sort of cut off . And
752There 's an old joke about a cop who 's walking his beat in the middle of the night , and he comes across a guy under a street lamp who 's looking at the ground and moving from side to side , and the cop asks him what he
753Have you ever experienced a moment in your life that was so painful and confusing , that all you wanted to do was learn as much as you could to make sense of it all ? When I was 13 , a close family friend who was like an uncle
754I am sorry I can not show you my face , because if I do , the bad guys will come for me . My journey started 14 years ago . I was a young reporter . I had just come out of college . Then I got a scoop
755This is my grandfather . And this is my son . My grandfather taught me to work with wood when I was a little boy , and he also taught me the idea that if you cut down a tree to turn it into something , honor that tree 's
756I 'd like to talk to you today about a whole new way to think about sexual activity and sexuality education , by comparison . If you talk to someone today in America about sexual activity , you 'll find pretty soon you 're not just talking about sexual activity
757This will not be a speech like any one I have ever given . I will talk to you today about the failure of leadership in global politics and in our globalizing economy . And I wo n't provide some feel-good , ready-made solutions . But I will in the
758( Nature sounds ) When I first began recording wild soundscapes 45 years ago , I had no idea that ants , insect larvae , sea anemones and viruses created a sound signature . But they do . And so does every wild habitat on the planet , like the
759I was born and raised in North Korea . Although my family constantly struggled against poverty , I was always loved and cared for first , because I was the only son and the youngest of two in the family . But then the great famine began in 1994 .
760I 'm going to be talking about designing humor , which is sort of an interesting thing , but it goes to some of the discussions about constraints , and how in certain contexts , humor is right , and in other contexts it 's wrong . Now , I
761When we talk about corruption , there are typical types of individuals that spring to mind . There 's the former Soviet megalomaniacs . Saparmurat Niyazov , he was one of them . Until his death in 2006 , he was the all-powerful leader of Turkmenistan , a Central Asian
762Throughout the history of computers we 've been striving to shorten the gap between us and digital information , the gap between our physical world and the world in the screen where our imagination can go wild . And this gap has become shorter , shorter , and even shorter
763I 'll never forget that day back in the spring of 2006 . I was a surgical resident at The Johns Hopkins Hospital , taking emergency call . I got paged by the E.R . around 2 in the morning to come and see a woman with a diabetic ulcer
764I made a film that was impossible to make , but I did n't know it was impossible , and that 's how I was able to do it . `` Mars et Avril '' is a science fiction film . It 's set in Montreal some 50 years in
765Where do you come from ? It 's such a simple question , but these days , of course , simple questions bring ever more complicated answers . People are always asking me where I come from , and they 're expecting me to say India , and they 're
766Diana Reiss : You may think you 're looking through a window at a dolphin spinning playfully , but what you 're actually looking through is a two-way mirror at a dolphin looking at itself spinning playfully . This is a dolphin that is self-aware . This dolphin has self-awareness
767I 'm going to share with you a paradigm-shifting perspective on the issues of gender violence : sexual assault , domestic violence , relationship abuse , sexual harassment , sexual abuse of children . That whole range of issues that I 'll refer to in shorthand as `` gender violence
768I do want to test this question we 're all interested in : Does extinction have to be forever ? I 'm focused on two projects I want to tell you about . One is the Thylacine Project . The other one is the Lazarus Project , and that 's
769Well , now we 're going to the Bahamas to meet a remarkable group of dolphins that I 've been working with in the wild for the last 28 years . Now I 'm interested in dolphins because of their large brains and what they might be doing with all
770Everything is interconnected . As a Shinnecock Indian , I was raised to know this . We are a small fishing tribe situated on the southeastern tip of Long Island near the town of Southampton in New York . When I was a little girl , my grandfather took me
771The idea of eliminating poverty is a great goal . I do n't think anyone in this room would disagree . What worries me is when politicians with money and charismatic rock stars — ( Laughter ) use the words , `` ... it all just sounds so , so
772I 've noticed something interesting about society and culture . Everything risky requires a license . So , learning to drive , owning a gun , getting married . There 's a certain — ( Laughter ) That 's true in everything risky , except technology . For some reason
773When I was 14 years old , I had low self-esteem . I felt I was not talented at anything . One day , I bought a yo-yo . When I tried my first trick , it looked like this : ( Laughter ) I could n't even do the
774At 7:45 a.m. , I open the doors to a building dedicated to building , yet only breaks me down . I march down hallways cleaned up after me every day by regular janitors , but I never have the decency to honor their names . Lockers left open like
775I teach chemistry . ( Explosion ) All right , all right . So more than just explosions , chemistry is everywhere . Have you ever found yourself at a restaurant spacing out just doing this over and over ? Some people nodding yes . Recently , I showed this
776What would be a good end of life ? And I 'm talking about the very end . I 'm talking about dying . We all think a lot about how to live well . I 'd like to talk about increasing our chances of dying well . I 'm
777Liu Bolin : By making myself invisible , I try to question the inter-canceling relationship between our civilization and its development . Interpreter : By making myself invisible , I try to explore and question the contradictory and often inter-canceling relationship between our civilization and its development . LB :
778Well , I have a big announcement to make today , and I 'm really excited about this . And this may be a little bit of a surprise to many of you who know my research and what I 've done well . I 've really tried to solve
779When I was in my 20s , I saw my very first psychotherapy client . I was a Ph.D. student in clinical psychology at Berkeley . She was a 26-year-old woman named Alex . Now Alex walked into her first session wearing jeans and a big slouchy top , and
780One year ago , I rented a car in Jerusalem to go find a man I 'd never met but who had changed my life . I did n't have a phone number to call to say I was coming . I did n't have an exact address , but
781I 'm not sure that every person here is familiar with my pictures . I want to start to show just a few pictures to you , and after I 'll speak . I must speak to you a little bit of my history , because we 'll be speaking
782Everyone needs a coach . It does n't matter whether you 're a basketball player , a tennis player , a gymnast or a bridge player . ( Laughter ) My bridge coach , Sharon Osberg , says there are more pictures of the back of her head than anyone
783When I was 27 years old , I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding : teaching . I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools . And like any teacher , I made quizzes
784Growth is not dead . ( Applause ) Let 's start the story 120 years ago , when American factories began to electrify their operations , igniting the Second Industrial Revolution . The amazing thing is that productivity did not increase in those factories for 30 years . Thirty years
785Hey guys . It 's funny , someone just mentioned MacGyver , because that was , like , I loved it , and when I was seven , I taped a fork to a drill and I was like , `` Hey , Mom , I 'm going to Olive
786When we use the word `` architect '' or `` designer , '' what we usually mean is a professional , someone who gets paid , and we tend to assume that it 's those professionals who are going to be the ones to help us solve the really big
787I have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse , on the way to the schoolhouse , or talking about what happens in the schoolhouse . ( Laughter ) Both my parents were educators , my maternal grandparents were educators , and for the past 40 years , I
788( Music ) ( Applause ) Thank you . Hi , everybody . Ban-gap-seum-ni-da . I 'd like to share with you a little bit of me playing my life . I might look successful and happy being in front of you today , but I once suffered from severe
789So let 's start with some good news , and the good news has to do with what do we know based on biomedical research that actually has changed the outcomes for many very serious diseases ? Let 's start with leukemia , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , ALL , the
790Let 's talk dirty . A few years ago , oddly enough , I needed the bathroom , and I found one , a public bathroom , and I went into the stall , and I prepared to do what I 'd done most of my life : use the
791`` Do n't talk to strangers . '' You have heard that phrase uttered by your friends , family , schools and the media for decades . It 's a norm . It 's a social norm . But it 's a special kind of social norm , because it
792In this talk today , I want to present a different idea for why investing in early childhood education makes sense as a public investment . It 's a different idea , because usually , when people talk about early childhood programs , they talk about all the wonderful benefits
793One of the things I want to establish right from the start is that not all neurosurgeons wear cowboy boots . I just wanted you to know that . So I am indeed a neurosurgeon , and I follow a long tradition of neurosurgery , and what I 'm going
794All right , so let 's take four subjects that obviously go together : big data , tattoos , immortality and the Greeks . Right ? Now , the issue about tattoos is that , without a word , tattoos really do shout . [ Beautiful ] [ Intriguing ]
795I 'd like you to come back with me for a moment to the 19th century , specifically to June 24 , 1833 . The British Association for the Advancement of Science is holding its third meeting at the University of Cambridge . It 's the first night of the
796Growing up in Taiwan as the daughter of a calligrapher , one of my most treasured memories was my mother showing me the beauty , the shape and the form of Chinese characters . Ever since then , I was fascinated by this incredible language . But to an outsider
797What you 're doing , right now , at this very moment , is killing you . More than cars or the Internet or even that little mobile device we keep talking about , the technology you 're using the most almost every day is this , your tush .
798That 's how we traveled in the year 1900 . That 's an open buggy . It does n't have heating . It does n't have air conditioning . That horse is pulling it along at one percent of the speed of sound , and the rutted dirt road turns
799There 's something that I 'd like you to see . ( Video ) Reporter : It 's a story that 's deeply unsettled millions in China : footage of a two-year-old girl hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby , footage too graphic to
800So I grew up in East Los Angeles , not even realizing I was poor . My dad was a high-ranking gang member who ran the streets . Everyone knew who I was , so I thought I was a pretty big deal , and I was protected , and
801So , when I was in art school , I developed a shake in my hand , and this was the straightest line I could draw . Now in hindsight , it was actually good for some things , like mixing a can of paint or shaking a Polaroid ,
802I live in South Central . This is South Central : liquor stores , fast food , vacant lots . So the city planners , they get together and they figure they 're going to change the name South Central to make it represent something else , so they change
803In two weeks time , that 's the ninth anniversary of the day I first stepped out onto that hallowed `` Jeopardy '' set . I mean , nine years is a long time . And given `` Jeopardy 's '' average demographics , I think what that means is
804When I was little , I thought my country was the best on the planet . And I grew up singing a song called `` Nothing To Envy . '' And I was very proud . In school , we spent a lot of time studying the history of Kim
805So raise your hand if you know someone in your immediate family or circle of friends who suffers from some form of mental illness . Yeah . I thought so . Not surprised . And raise your hand if you think that basic research on fruit flies has anything to
806Chris Anderson : Elon , what kind of crazy dream would persuade you to think of trying to take on the auto industry and build an all-electric car ? Elon Musk : Well , it goes back to when I was in university . I thought about , what are
807Today I 'm going to show you an electric vehicle that weighs less than a bicycle , that you can carry with you anywhere , that you can charge off a normal wall outlet in 15 minutes , and you can run it for 1,000 kilometers on about a dollar
808There 's so many of you . ( Laughter ) When I was a kid , I hid my heart under the bed , because my mother said , `` If you 're not careful , someday someone 's going to break it . '' Take it from me :
809So I 'll be talking about the success of my campus , the University of Maryland , Baltimore County , UMBC , in educating students of all types , across the arts and humanities and the science and engineering areas . What makes our story especially important is that we
810I want to talk a little bit today about labor and work . When we think about how people work , the naive intuition we have is that people are like rats in a maze — that all people care about is money , and the moment we give them
811So here 's the good news about families . The last 50 years have seen a revolution in what it means to be a family . We have blended families , adopted families , we have nuclear families living in separate houses and divorced families living in the same house
812So , this book that I have in my hand is a directory of everybody who had an email address in 1982 . ( Laughter ) Actually , it 's deceptively large . There 's actually only about 20 people on each page , because we have the name ,
813This is the Natural History Museum in Rotterdam , where I work as a curator . It 's my job to make sure the collection stays okay , and that it grows , and basically it means I collect dead animals . Back in 1995 , we got a new
814The Kraken , a beast so terrifying it was said to devour men and ships and whales , and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island . In assessing the merits of such tales , it 's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor 's saw
815The most massive tsunami perfect storm is bearing down upon us . This perfect storm is mounting a grim reality , increasingly grim reality , and we are facing that reality with the full belief that we can solve our problems with technology , and that 's very understandable .
816What is going to be the future of learning ? I do have a plan , but in order for me to tell you what that plan is , I need to tell you a little story , which kind of sets the stage . I tried to look at
817Everything is covered in invisible ecosystems made of tiny lifeforms : bacteria , viruses and fungi . Our desks , our computers , our pencils , our buildings all harbor resident microbial landscapes . As we design these things , we could be thinking about designing these invisible worlds ,
818I have a friend in Portugal whose grandfather built a vehicle out of a bicycle and a washing machine so he could transport his family . He did it because he could n't afford a car , but also because he knew how to build one . There was a
819( Breathes in ) ( Breathes out ) So , I did n't always make my living from music . For about the five years after graduating from an upstanding liberal arts university , this was my day job . ( Laughter ) I was a self-employed living statue called
820So just by a show of hands , how many of you all have a robot at home ? Not very many of you . Okay . And actually of those hands , if you do n't include Roomba how many of you have a robot at home ? So
821I 'm going to talk about the strategizing brain . We 're going to use an unusual combination of tools from game theory and neuroscience to understand how people interact socially when value is on the line . So game theory is a branch of , originally , applied mathematics
822Radical openness is still a distant future in the field of school education . We have such a hard time figuring out that learning is not a place but an activity . But I want to tell you the story of PISA , OECD 's test to measure the knowledge
823Once upon a time , there was a place called Lesterland . Now Lesterland looks a lot like the United States . Like the United States , it has about 311 million people , and of that 311 million people , it turns out 144,000 are called Lester . If
824I want to talk about social innovation and social entrepreneurship . I happen to have triplets . They 're little . They 're five years old . Sometimes I tell people I have triplets . They say , `` Really ? How many ? '' ( Laughter ) Here 's
825So let me ask for a show of hands . How many people here are over the age of 48 ? Well , there do seem to be a few . Well , congratulations , because if you look at this particular slide of U.S. life expectancy , you are
826This is me building a prototype for six hours straight . This is slave labor to my own project . This is what the DIY and maker movements really look like . And this is an analogy for today 's construction and manufacturing world with brute-force assembly techniques . And
827Well , I was introduced as the former Governor of Michigan , but actually I 'm a scientist . All right , a political scientist , it does n't really count , but my laboratory was the laboratory of democracy that is Michigan , and , like any good scientist
828There 's a group of people in Kenya . People cross oceans to go see them . These people are tall . They jump high . They wear red . And they kill lions . You might be wondering , who are these people ? These are the Maasais .
829I 'm here to show you how something you ca n't see can be so much fun to look at . You 're about to experience a new , available and exciting technology that 's going to make us rethink how we waterproof our lives . What I have here
830I grew up watching Star Trek . I love Star Trek . Star Trek made me want to see alien creatures , creatures from a far-distant world . But basically , I figured out that I could find those alien creatures right on Earth . And what I do is
831I want to share some personal friends and stories with you that I 've actually never talked about in public before to help illustrate the idea and the need and the hope for us to reinvent our health care system around the world . Twenty-four years ago , I had
832In 1991 I had maybe the most profound and transformative experience of my life . I was in the third year of my seven-year undergraduate degree . I took a couple victory laps in there . And I was on a college choir tour up in Northern California , and
833So , why does good sex so often fade , even for couples who continue to love each other as much as ever ? And why does good intimacy not guarantee good sex , contrary to popular belief ? Or , the next question would be , can we want
834I 'm here today to talk about a disturbing question , which has an equally disturbing answer . My topic is the secrets of domestic violence , and the question I 'm going to tackle is the one question everyone always asks : Why does she stay ? Why would
835Human beings start putting each other into boxes the second that they see each other — Is that person dangerous ? Are they attractive ? Are they a potential mate ? Are they a potential networking opportunity ? We do this little interrogation when we meet people to make a
836The global economic financial crisis has reignited public interest in something that 's actually one of the oldest questions in economics , dating back to at least before Adam Smith . And that is , why is it that countries with seemingly similar economies and institutions can display radically different
837It 's a great time to be a molecular biologist . ( Laughter ) Reading and writing DNA code is getting easier and cheaper . By the end of this year , we 'll be able to sequence the three million bits of information in your genome in less than
838The filmmaker Georges Méliès was first a magician . Now movies proved to be the ultimate medium for magic . With complete control of everything the audience can see , moviemakers had developed an arsenal of techniques to further their deceptions . Motion pictures are themselves an illusion of life
839One day in 1819 , 3,000 miles off the coast of Chile , in one of the most remote regions of the Pacific Ocean , 20 American sailors watched their ship flood with seawater . They 'd been struck by a sperm whale , which had ripped a catastrophic hole
840Salaam alaikum . Welcome to Doha . I am in charge of making this country 's food secure . That is my job for the next two years , to design an entire master plan , and then for the next 10 years to implement it — of course ,
841It was a Saturday afternoon in May , and I suddenly realized that the next day was Mother 's Day , and I had n't gotten anything for my mom , so I started thinking about what should I get my mom for Mother 's Day ? I thought ,
842On March 14 , this year , I posted this poster on Facebook . This is an image of me and my daughter holding the Israeli flag . I will try to explain to you about the context of why and when I posted . A few days ago ,
843( Hammer ) ( Laughter ) ( Microwave beeps ) ( Laughter ) You probably all agree with me that this is a very nice road . It 's made of asphalt , and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on , but not always , especially not
844I 'd like to share with you the story of one of my patients called Celine . Celine is a housewife and lives in a rural district of Cameroon in west Central Africa . Six years ago , at the time of her HIV diagnosis , she was recruited to
845It 's wonderful to be here to talk about my journey , to talk about the wheelchair and the freedom it has bought me . I started using a wheelchair 16 years ago when an extended illness changed the way I could access the world . When I started using
846The kind of neuroscience that I do and my colleagues do is almost like the weatherman . We are always chasing storms . We want to see and measure storms — brainstorms , that is . And we all talk about brainstorms in our daily lives , but we rarely
847So , I 'm an artist . I live in New York , and I 've been working in advertising for — ever since I left school , so about seven , eight years now , and it was draining . I worked a lot of late nights . I
848In my previous life , I was an artist . I still paint . I love art . I love the joy that color can give to our lives and to our communities , and I try to bring something of the artist in me in my politics , and
849Hi . My name is Cameron Russell , and for the last little while , I 've been a model . Actually , for 10 years . And I feel like there 's an uncomfortable tension in the room right now because I should not have worn this dress .
850So I 'd like to start by focusing on the world 's most dangerous animal . Now , when you talk about dangerous animals , most people might think of lions or tigers or sharks . But of course the most dangerous animal is the mosquito . The mosquito has
851What I want to do this afternoon is something a little different than what 's scheduled . Foreign policy , you can figure that out by watching , I do n't know , Rachel Maddow or somebody , but — ( Laughter ) — I want to talk about young
852This is how war starts . One day you 're living your ordinary life , you 're planning to go to a party , you 're taking your children to school , you 're making a dentist appointment . The next thing , the telephones go out , the TVs
853This is about a hidden corner of the labor market . It 's the world of people who need to work ultra-flexibly , if they 're to work at all . So think , for instance , of someone who has a recurring but unpredictable medical condition , or somebody
854`` When the crisis came , the serious limitations of existing economic and financial models immediately became apparent . '' `` There is also a strong belief , which I share , that bad or oversimplistic and overconfident economics helped create the crisis . '' Now , you 've probably
855Organic chemists make molecules , very complicated molecules , by chopping up a big molecule into small molecules and reverse engineering . And as a chemist , one of the things I wanted to ask my research group a couple of years ago is , could we make a really
856I was sitting with my girls , and Joy said , `` Dang , I wish he 'd get off my back . My daddy , he calls me all the time . '' `` Lucky for you he calls at all , '' said Jasmine . `` I have
857I have never , ever forgotten the words of my grandmother who died in her exile : `` Son , resist Gaddafi . Fight him . But do n't you ever turn into a Gaddafi-like revolutionary . '' Almost two years have passed since the Libyan Revolution broke out ,
858We live in an incredibly busy world . The pace of life is often frantic , our minds are always busy , and we 're always doing something . So with that in mind , I 'd like you just to take a moment to think , when did you
859When I was 11 , I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house . My father was listening to BBC News on his small , gray radio . There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then , because the news
860Okay , this morning I 'm speaking on the question of corruption . And corruption is defined as the abuse of a position of trust for the benefit of yourself — or , in the case of our context , your friends , your family or your financiers . Okay
861So , before I became a dermatologist , I started in general medicine , as most dermatologists do in Britain . At the end of that time , I went off to Australia , about 20 years ago . What you learn when you go to Australia is the Australians
862The theme of my talk today is , `` Be an artist , right now . '' Most people , when this subject is brought up , get tense and resist it : `` Art does n't feed me , and right now I 'm busy . I have to
863Hello . My name is Jarrett Krosoczka , and I write and illustrate books for children for a living . So I use my imagination as my full-time job . But well before my imagination was my vocation , my imagination saved my life . When I was a kid
864So I want to talk to you about two things tonight . Number one : Teaching surgery and doing surgery is really hard . And second , that language is one of the most profound things that separate us all over the world . And in my little corner of
865I 've been a journalist now since I was about 17 , and it 's an interesting industry to be in at the moment , because as you all know , there 's a huge amount of upheaval going on in media , and most of you probably know this
866So I want to talk a little bit about seeing the world from a totally unique point of view , and this world I 'm going to talk about is the micro world . I 've found , after doing this for many , many years , that there 's
867I 'm a designer and an educator . I 'm a multitasking person , and I push my students to fly through a very creative , multitasking design process . But how efficient is , really , this multitasking ? Let 's consider for a while the option of monotasking
868I essentially drag sledges for a living , so it does n't take an awful lot to flummox me intellectually , but I 'm going to read this question from an interview earlier this year : `` Philosophically , does the constant supply of information steal our ability to imagine
869I think the beautiful Malin [ Akerman ] put it perfectly . Every man deserves the opportunity to grow a little bit of luxury . Ladies and gentlemen , and more importantly , Mo Bros and Mo Sistas — ( Laughter ) — for the next 17 minutes , I
870So I tried to do a small good thing for my wife . It makes me to stand here , the fame , the money I got out of it . So what I did , I 'd gone back to my early marriage days . What you did in
871`` My Air Jordans cost a hundred with tax . My suede Starters jacket says Raiders on the back . I 'm stylin ' , smilin ' , lookin ' real mean , because it ai n't about being heard , just being seen . My leather Adidas baseball cap
872Hi . I 'm here to talk about congestion , namely road congestion . Road congestion is a pervasive phenomenon . It exists in basically all of the cities all around the world , which is a little bit surprising when you think about it . I mean , think
873Today , I 'm going to talk to you about sketching electronics . I 'm , among several other things , an electrical engineer , and that means that I spend a good amount of time designing and building new pieces of technology , and more specifically designing and building
874So I grew up in Limpopo , on the border of Limpopo and Mpumalanga , a little town called Motetema . Water and electricity supply are as unpredictable as the weather , and growing up in these tough situations , at the age of 17 , I was relaxing with
875I was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the P.O . box at the end of the day , and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email , in Facebook , in texting or cell phones in general
876Today I have just one request . Please do n't tell me I 'm normal . Now I 'd like to introduce you to my brothers . Remi is 22 , tall and very handsome . He 's speechless , but he communicates joy in a way that some of
877This is poo , and what I want to do today is share my passion for poo with you , which might be quite difficult , but I think what you might find more fascinating is the way these small animals deal with poo . So this animal here has
878In 2002 , a group of treatment activists met to discuss the early development of the airplane . The Wright Brothers , in the beginning of the last century , had for the first time managed to make one of those devices fly . They also had taken out numerous
879So a friend of mine who 's a political scientist , he told me several months ago exactly what this month would be like . He said , you know , there 's this fiscal cliff coming , it 's going to come at the beginning of 2013 . Both
880I 'm a brain scientist , and as a brain scientist , I 'm actually interested in how the brain learns , and I 'm especially interested in a possibility of making our brains smarter , better and faster . This is in this context I 'm going to tell
881Tommy Mizzone : Tonight we 're going to play you two songs . We 're three brothers from New Jersey , and the funny thing is that , believe it or not , we are hooked on bluegrass and we 're excited to play it for you tonight . (
882Life is about opportunities , creating them and embracing them , and for me , that was the Olympic dream . That 's what defined me . That was my bliss . As a cross-country skier and member of the Australian ski team , headed towards the Winter Olympics ,
883Everything I do , and everything I do professionally — my life — has been shaped by seven years of work as a young man in Africa . From 1971 to 1977 — I look young , but I 'm not — ( Laughter ) — I worked in Zambia
884When I graduated UCLA , I moved to northern California , and I lived in a little town called Elk on the Mendocino coast , and I did n't have a phone or TV , but I had U.S. mail , and life was good back then , if you
885I would like to talk to you about a very special group of animals . There are 10,000 species of birds in the world . Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds . When you see a vulture like this , the first thing that comes to your
886B.J . was one of many fellow inmates who had big plans for the future . He had a vision . When he got out , he was going to leave the dope game for good and fly straight , and he was actually working on merging his two passions
887Sydney . I had been waiting my whole life to get to Sydney . I got to the airport , to the hotel , checked in , and , sitting there in the lobby , was a brochure for the Sydney Festival . I thumbed through it , and I
888Twelve years ago , I founded Zipcar . Zipcar buys cars and parks them throughout dense metropolitan areas for people to use , by the hour and by the day , instead of owning their own cars . Each Zipcar replaces 15 personal cars , and each driver drives about
889Photography has been my passion ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera , but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine , and I did n't take any of them . There were no art directors , no stylists
890Living with a physical disability is n't easy anywhere in the world , but if you live in a country like the United States , there 's certain appurtenances available to you that do make life easier . So if you 're in a building , you can take an
891I 'd like to show you a video of some of the models I work with . They 're all the perfect size , and they do n't have an ounce of fat . Did I mention they 're gorgeous ? And they 're scientific models ? ( Laughs )
892Across Europe and Central Asia , approximately one million children live in large residential institutions , usually known as orphanages . Most people imagine orphanages as a benign environment that care for children . Others know more about the living conditions there , but still think they 're a necessary
893So , people want a lot of things out of life , but I think , more than anything else , they want happiness . Aristotle called happiness `` the chief good , '' the end towards which all other things aim . According to this view , the reason
894There are a lot of ways the people around us can help improve our lives . We do n't bump into every neighbor , so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on , though we do share the same public spaces . So over the past few years ,
895I 'm going to talk about the power of a word : jihad . To the vast majority of practicing Muslims , jihad is an internal struggle for the faith . It is a struggle within , a struggle against vice , sin , temptation , lust , greed .
896I 'm a neuroscientist , and I study decision-making . I do experiments to test how different chemicals in the brain influence the choices we make . I 'm here to tell you the secret to successful decision-making : a cheese sandwich . That 's right . According to scientists
897Two years ago , after having served four years in the United States Marine Corps and deployments to both Iraq and Afghanistan , I found myself in Port-au-Prince , leading a team of veterans and medical professionals in some of the hardest-hit areas of that city , three days after
898Hello , Doha . Hello ! Salaam alaikum . I love coming to Doha . It 's such an international place . It feels like the United Nations here . You land at the airport , and you 're welcomed by an Indian lady who takes you to Al Maha
899What I want you all to do right now is to think of this mammal that I 'm going to describe to you . The first thing I 'm going to tell you about this mammal is that it is essential for our ecosystems to function correctly . If we
900Hi . So , this chap here , he thinks he can tell you the future . His name is Nostradamus , although here the Sun have made him look a little bit like Sean Connery . ( Laughter ) And like most of you , I suspect , I
901We most certainly do talk to terrorists , no question about it . We are at war with a new form of terrorism . It 's sort of the good old , traditional form of terrorism , but it 's sort of been packaged for the 21st century . One
902Five years ago , I experienced a bit of what it must have been like to be Alice in Wonderland . Penn State asked me , a communications teacher , to teach a communications class for engineering students . And I was scared . ( Laughter ) Really scared .
903I 've always written primarily about architecture , about buildings , and writing about architecture is based on certain assumptions . An architect designs a building , and it becomes a place , or many architects design many buildings , and it becomes a city , and regardless of this
904So I want to start by offering you a free no-tech life hack , and all it requires of you is this : that you change your posture for two minutes . But before I give it away , I want to ask you to right now do a little
905I 'm here to talk to you about how globalized we are , how globalized we are n't , and why it 's important to actually be accurate in making those kinds of assessments . And the leading point of view on this , whether measured by number of books
906Two years ago , I was invited as an artist to participate in an exhibition commemorating 100 years of Islamic art in Europe . The curator had only one condition : I had to use the Arabic script for my artwork . Now , as an artist , a woman
907To understand the world that live in , we tell stories . And while remixing and sharing have come to define the web as we know it , all of us can now be part of that story through simple tools that allow us to make things online . But
908So if someone asked you for the three words that would sum up your reputation , what would you say ? How would people describe your judgment , your knowledge , your behaviors , in different situations ? Today I 'd like to explore with you why the answer to
909As it turns out , when tens of millions of people are unemployed or underemployed , there 's a fair amount of interest in what technology might be doing to the labor force . And as I look at the conversation , it strikes me that it 's focused on
910Good morning . So magic is an excellent way for staying ahead of the reality curve , to make possible today what science will make a reality tomorrow . As a cyber-magician , I combine elements of illusion and science to give us a feel of how future technologies might
911I was one of those kids that , every time I got in the car , I basically had to roll down the window . It was usually too hot , too stuffy or just too smelly , and my father would not let us use the air conditioner .
912Beau Lotto : So , this game is very simple . All you have to do is read what you see . Right ? So , I 'm going to count to you , so we do n't all do it together . Okay , one , two , three.Audience
913I have to say that I 'm very glad to be here . I understand we have over 80 countries here , so that 's a whole new paradigm for me to speak to all of these countries . In each country , I 'm sure you have this thing
914So , this is my grandfather , Salman Schocken , who was born into a poor and uneducated family with six children to feed , and when he was 14 years old , he was forced to drop out of school in order to help put bread on the table
915( Music ) ( Applause ) Thank you very much . ( Applause ) Thank you . It 's a distinct privilege to be here . A few weeks ago , I saw a video on YouTube of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords at the early stages of her recovery from one
916In 1975 , I met in Florence a professor , Carlo Pedretti , my former professor of art history , and today a world-renowned scholar of Leonardo da Vinci . Well , he asked me if I could find some technological way to unfold a five-centuries-old mystery related to a
917I want to talk to you today about a difficult topic that is close to me , and closer than you might realize to you . I came to the UK 21 years ago , as an asylum-seeker . I was 21 . I was forced to leave the Democratic
918When I was considering a career in the art world , I took a course in London , and one of my supervisors was this irascible Italian called Pietro , who drank too much , smoked too much and swore much too much . But he was a passionate teacher
919You know , we wake up in the morning , you get dressed , put on your shoes , you head out into the world . You plan on coming back , getting undressed , going to bed , waking up , doing it again , and that anticipation ,
920Companies are losing control . What happens on Wall Street no longer stays on Wall Street . What happens in Vegas ends up on YouTube . ( Laughter ) Reputations are volatile . Loyalties are fickle . Management teams seem increasingly disconnected from their staff . ( Laughter ) A
921This is the skyline of my hometown , New Orleans . It was a great place to grow up , but it 's one of the most vulnerable spots in the world . Half the city is already below sea level . In 2005 , the world watched as New
922In the 17th century , a woman named Giulia Tofana had a very successful perfume business . For over 50 years she ran it . It sort of ended abruptly when she was executed — ( Laughter ) — for murdering 600 men . You see , it was n't
923I grew up in Bihar , India 's poorest state , and I remember when I was six years old , I remember coming home one day to find a cart full of the most delicious sweets at our doorstep . My brothers and I dug in , and that
924It 's time to start designing for our ears . Architects and designers tend to focus exclusively on these . They use these to design with and they design for them , which is why we end up sitting in restaurants that look like this — ( loud crowd noise
925Other people . Everyone is interested in other people . Everyone has relationships with other people , and they 're interested in these relationships for a variety of reasons . Good relationships , bad relationships , annoying relationships , agnostic relationships , and what I 'm going to do is
926So little Billy goes to school , and he sits down and the teacher says , `` What does your father do ? '' And little Billy says , `` My father plays the piano in an opium den . '' So the teacher rings up the parents , and
927What I do is I organize information . I 'm a graphic designer . Professionally , I try to make sense often of things that do n't make much sense themselves . So my father might not understand what it is that I do for a living . His part
928I want to talk to you today about something the open-source programming world can teach democracy , but before that , a little preamble . Let 's start here . This is Martha Payne . Martha 's a 9-year-old Scot who lives in the Council of Argyll and Bute .
929So I have bad news , I have good news , and I have a task . So the bad news is that we all get sick . I get sick . You get sick . And every one of us gets sick , and the question really is ,
930I 'm going to tell you about why I became a sculptor , and you may think that sculptors , well , they deal with meta , they deal with objects , they deal with bodies , but I think , really , what I care about most is making
931The will to live life differently can start in some of the most unusual places . This is where I come from , Todmorden . It 's a market town in the north of England , 15,000 people , between Leeds and Manchester , fairly normal market town . It
932I 'm going to tell you about an affliction I suffer from . And I have a funny feeling that quite a few of you suffer from it as well . When I 'm walking around an art gallery , rooms and rooms full of paintings , after about 15
933I worked on a film called `` Apollo 13 , '' and when I worked on this film , I discovered something about how our brains work , and how our brains work is that , when we 're sort of infused with either enthusiasm or awe or fondness or
934So when the White House was built in the early 19th century , it was an open house . Neighbors came and went . Under President Adams , a local dentist happened by . He wanted to shake the President 's hand . The President dismissed the Secretary of State
935The story starts : I was at a friend 's house , and she had on her shelf a copy of the DSM manual , which is the manual of mental disorders . It lists every known mental disorder . And it used to be , back in the '50s
936Some years ago , I set out to try to understand if there was a possibility to develop biofuels on a scale that would actually compete with fossil fuels but not compete with agriculture for water , fertilizer or land . So here 's what I came up with .
937I thought I would start with a very brief history of cities . Settlements typically began with people clustered around a well , and the size of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk with a pot of water on your head . In fact , if you
938Doc Edgerton inspired us with awe and curiosity with this photo of a bullet piercing through an apple , and exposure just a millionth of a second . But now , 50 years later , we can go a million times faster and see the world not at a million
939I thought if I skipped it might help my nerves , but I 'm actually having a paradoxical reaction to that , so that was a bad idea . ( Laughter ) Anyway , I was really delighted to receive the invitation to present to you some of my music
940I 've got a great idea that 's going to change the world . It 's fantastic , it 's going to blow your mind . It 's my beautiful baby . Here 's the thing : everybody loves a beautiful baby . I mean , I was a beautiful
941I 'm 150 feet down an illegal mine shaft in Ghana . The air is thick with heat and dust , and it 's hard to breathe . I can feel the brush of sweaty bodies passing me in the darkness , but I ca n't see much else .
942In half a century of trying to help prevent wars , there 's one question that never leaves me : How do we deal with extreme violence without using force in return ? When you 're faced with brutality , whether it 's a child facing a bully on a
943In the past several days , I heard people talking about China . And also , I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet . Something is very challenging to me . I want to make my friends understand : China is complicated . So I always want to
944I 'm afraid I 'm one of those speakers you hope you 're not going to meet at TED . First , I do n't have a mobile , so I 'm on the safe side . Secondly , a political theorist who 's going to talk about the crisis
945Hi . So I 'd like to talk a little bit about the people who make the things we use every day : our shoes , our handbags , our computers and cell phones . Now , this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt .
946What is a parent ? What is a parent ? It 's not an easy question . Today we have adoption , stepfamilies , surrogate mothers . Many parents face tough questions and tough decisions . Shall we tell our child about the sperm donation ? If so , when
947So , well , I do applied math , and this is a peculiar problem for anyone who does applied math , is that we are like management consultants . No one knows what the hell we do . So I am going to give you some — attempt today
948As an architect , I often ask myself , what is the origin of the forms that we design ? What kind of forms could we design if we would n't work with references anymore ? If we had no bias , if we had no preconceptions , what kind
949The job of uncovering the global food waste scandal started for me when I was 15 years old . I bought some pigs . I was living in Sussex . And I started to feed them in the most traditional and environmentally friendly way . I went to my school
950I want you to imagine this for a moment . Two men , Rahul and Rajiv , living in the same neighborhood , from the same educational background , similar occupation , and they both turn up at their local accident emergency complaining of acute chest pain . Rahul is
951This man is wearing what we call a bee beard . ( Laughter ) A beard full of bees . Now , this is what many of you might picture when you think about honeybees , maybe insects , or maybe anything that has more legs than two . And
952I 'd like to tell you about two games of chess . The first happened in 1997 , in which Garry Kasparov , a human , lost to Deep Blue , a machine . To many , this was the dawn of a new era , one where man would
953Like many of you , I 'm one of the lucky people . I was born to a family where education was pervasive . I 'm a third-generation PhD , a daughter of two academics . In my childhood , I played around in my father 's university lab .
954As you might imagine , I 'm absolutely passionate about dance . I 'm passionate about making it , about watching it , about encouraging others to participate in it , and I 'm also really passionate about creativity . Creativity for me is something that 's absolutely critical ,
955In Oxford in the 1950s , there was a fantastic doctor , who was very unusual , named Alice Stewart . And Alice was unusual partly because , of course , she was a woman , which was pretty rare in the 1950s . And she was brilliant , she
956So , embryonic stem cells are really incredible cells . They are our body 's own repair kits , and they 're pluripotent , which means they can morph into all of the cells in our bodies . Soon , we actually will be able to use stem cells to
957Fifteen years ago , it was widely assumed that the vast majority of brain development takes place in the first few years of life . Back then , 15 years ago , we did n't have the ability to look inside the living human brain and track development across the
958The murder happened a little over 21 years ago , January the 18th , 1991 , in a small bedroom community of Lynwood , California , just a few miles southeast of Los Angeles . A father came out of his house to tell his teenage son and his five
959One of my favorite words in the whole of the Oxford English Dictionary is `` snollygoster , '' just because it sounds so good . And what snollygoster means is `` a dishonest politician . '' Although there was a 19th-century newspaper editor who defined it rather better when he
960( Video ) Newscaster : There 's a large path of destruction here in town . ... pulling trees from the ground , shattering windows , taking the roofs off of homes ... Caitria O'Neill : That was me in front of our house in Monson , Massachusetts last June
961In System D , this is a store , and what I mean by that is that this is a photograph I took in Makoko , shantytown in Lagos , Nigeria . It 's built over the lagoon , and there are no streets where there can be stores to
962Well , I was born with a rare visual condition called achromatopsia , which is total color blindness , so I 've never seen color , and I do n't know what color looks like , because I come from a grayscale world . To me , the sky is
963Good evening . We are in this wonderful open-air amphitheater and we are enjoying ourselves in that mild evening temperature tonight , but when Qatar will host the football World Cup 10 years from now , 2022 , we already heard it will be in the hot , very hot
964Openness . It 's a word that denotes opportunity and possibilities . Open-ended , open hearth , open source , open door policy , open bar . ( Laughter ) And everywhere the world is opening up , and it 's a good thing . Why is this happening ?
965Frugal Digital is essentially a small research group at C.I.D . where we are looking to find alternate visions of how to create a digitally inclusive society . That 's what we 're after . And we do this because we actually believe that silicon technology today is mostly about
966( Music ) ( Applause ) ( Applause ) ( Music ) ( Applause ) ( Music ) ( Applause ) Chris Anderson : You guys were amazing . That 's amazing . ( Applause ) You just do n't hear that every day . ( Laughter ) Usman ,
967So would n't it be amazing if our phones could see the world in the same way that we do , as we 're walking around being able to point a phone at anything , and then have it actually recognize images and objects like the human brain , and
968Hi . This is my mobile phone . A mobile phone can change your life , and a mobile phone gives you individual freedom . With a mobile phone , you can shoot a crime against humanity in Syria . With a mobile phone , you can tweet a message
969I 'm a gamer , so I like to have goals . I like special missions and secret objectives . So here 's my special mission for this talk : I 'm going to try to increase the life span of every single person in this room by seven and
970So a few weeks ago , a friend of mine gave this toy car to his 8-year-old son . But instead of going into a store and buying one , like we do normally , he went to this website and he downloaded a file , and then he printed
971About 75 years ago , my grandfather , a young man , walked into a tent that was converted into a movie theater like that , and he fell hopelessly in love with the woman he saw on the silver screen : none other than Mae West , the heartthrob
972Everyone is both a learner and a teacher . This is me being inspired by my first tutor , my mom , and this is me teaching Introduction to Artificial Intelligence to 200 students at Stanford University . Now the students and I enjoyed the class , but it occurred
973I 'm going to start with a little story . So , I grew up in this neighborhood . When I was 15 years old , I went from being what I think was a strapping young athlete , over four months , slowly wasting away until I was basically
974The phenomenon you saw here for a brief moment is called quantum levitation and quantum locking . And the object that was levitating here is called a superconductor . Superconductivity is a quantum state of matter , and it occurs only below a certain critical temperature . Now , it
975So , last month , the Encyclopaedia Britannica announced that it is going out of print after 244 years , which made me nostalgic , because I remember playing a game with the colossal encyclopedia set in my hometown library back when I was a kid , maybe 12 years
976Like most journalists , I 'm an idealist . I love unearthing good stories , especially untold stories . I just did n't think that in 2011 , women would still be in that category . I 'm the President of the Journalism and Women Symposium — JAWS . That
977In the ocean , what is the common point between oil , plastic and radioactivity ? On the top line , this is the BP oil spill : billions of barrels of oil gushing in the Gulf of Mexico . The middle line is millions of tons of plastic debris
978I 'd like to talk about my dad . My dad has Alzheimer 's disease . He started showing the symptoms about 12 years ago , and he was officially diagnosed in 2005 . Now he 's really pretty sick . He needs help eating , he needs help getting
979( Music ) ( Music ) ( Music ends ) ( Applause ) So , that 's what I 've done with my life . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) Thank you . ( Applause ) As a kid , I grew up on a farm in Florida ,
980I 'm going to start on a slightly somber note . Two thousand and seven , five years ago , my wife gets diagnosed with breast cancer . Stage IIB . Now , looking back , the most harrowing part of that experience was not just the hospital visits —
981Now , I do n't usually like cartoons , I do n't think many of them are funny , I find them weird . But I love this cartoon from the New Yorker . ( Text : Never , ever think outside the box . ) ( Laughter ) So
982My passions are music , technology and making things . And it 's the combination of these things that has led me to the hobby of sound visualization , and , on occasion , has led me to play with fire . This is a Rubens ' tube . It
983Something happened in the early morning hours of May 2nd , 2000 , that had a profound effect on the way our society operates . Ironically , hardly anyone noticed at the time . The change was silent , imperceptible , unless you knew exactly what to look for .
984So , how many of you have ever gotten behind the wheel of a car when you really should n't have been driving ? Maybe you 're out on the road for a long day , and you just wanted to get home . You were tired , but you
985I love to collect things . Ever since I was a kid , I 've had massive collections of random stuff , everything from bizarre hot sauces from all around the world to insects that I 've captured and put in jars . Now , it 's no secret ,
986I 'm gon na talk a little bit about open-source security , because we 've got to get better at security in this 21st century . Let me start by saying , let 's look back to the 20th century , and kind of get a sense of how that
987What I 'm going to do is to just give a few notes , and this is from a book I 'm preparing called `` Letters to a Young Scientist . '' I 'd thought it 'd be appropriate to present it , on the basis that I have had
988Those of you who have seen the film `` Moneyball , '' or have read the book by Michael Lewis , will be familiar with the story of Billy Beane . Billy was supposed to be a tremendous ballplayer ; all the scouts told him so . They told his
989As a kid , I was fascinated with all things air and space . I would watch Nova on PBS . Our school would show Bill Nye the Science Guy . When I was in elementary school , my next door neighbor , he gave me a book for my
990Two weeks ago , I was sitting at the kitchen table with my wife Katya , and we were talking about what I was going to talk about today . We have an 11-year-old son ; his name is Lincoln . He was sitting at the same table , doing
991So the machine I 'm going to talk you about is what I call the greatest machine that never was . It was a machine that was never built , and yet , it will be built . It was a machine that was designed long before anyone thought about
992I study the future of crime and terrorism , and frankly , I 'm afraid . I 'm afraid by what I see . I sincerely want to believe that technology can bring us the techno-utopia that we 've been promised , but , you see , I 've spent
993So let me start by taking you back , back into the mists of your memory to perhaps the most anticipated year in your life , but certainly the most anticipated year in all human history : the year 2000 . Remember that ? Y2K , the dotcom bubble ,
994The great texts of the ancient world do n't survive to us in their original form . They survive because medieval scribes copied them and copied them and copied them . And so it is with Archimedes , the great Greek mathematician . Everything we know about Archimedes as a
995I 'm going to talk to you about optimism — or more precisely , the optimism bias . It 's a cognitive illusion that we 've been studying in my lab for the past few years , and 80 percent of us have it . It 's our tendency to
996I always wanted to become a walking laboratory of social engagement : to resonate other people 's feelings , thoughts , intentions , motivations , in the act of being with them . As a scientist , I always wanted to measure that resonance , that sense of the other
997So I thought I 'd talk about identity . That 's sort of an interesting enough topic to me . And the reason was , because when I was asked to do this , I 'd just read , in one of the papers , I ca n't remember ,
998Recently I visited Beloit , Wisconsin . And I was there to honor a great 20th century explorer , Roy Chapman Andrews . During his time at the American Museum of Natural History , Andrews led a range of expeditions to uncharted regions , like here in the Gobi Desert
999Twelve years ago , I was in the street writing my name to say , `` I exist . '' Then I went to taking photos of people to paste them on the street to say , `` They exist . '' From the suburbs of Paris to the wall
1000When I was a child growing up in Maine , one of my favorite things to do was to look for sand dollars on the seashores of Maine , because my parents told me it would bring me luck . But you know , these shells , they 're hard
1001This is a thousand-year-old drawing of the brain . It 's a diagram of the visual system . And some things look very familiar today . Two eyes at the bottom , optic nerve flowing out from the back . There 's a very large nose that does n't seem
1002Today I 'm going to unpack for you three examples of iconic design , and it makes perfect sense that I should be the one to do it because I have a Bachelor 's degree in Literature . ( Laughter ) But I 'm also a famous minor television personality
1003Evidence suggests that humans in all ages and from all cultures create their identity in some kind of narrative form . From mother to daughter , preacher to congregant , teacher to pupil , storyteller to audience . Whether in cave paintings or the latest uses of the Internet ,
1004( Mosquito buzzing ) ( Swat ) Gotcha . Mosquitos . I hate them . Do n't you ? That awful buzzing sound at night around your ears that drives you absolutely crazy ? Knowing that she wants to stick a needle in your skin and suck out your blood
1005So what I want to try to do is tell a quick story about a 404 page and a lesson that was learned as a result of it . But to start it probably helps to have an understanding of what a 404 page actually is . The 404 page
1006When the Industrial Revolution started , the amount of carbon sitting underneath Britain in the form of coal was as big as the amount of carbon sitting under Saudi Arabia in the form of oil . This carbon powered the Industrial Revolution , it put the `` Great '' in
1007Is E.T . out there ? Well , I work at the SETI Institute . That 's almost my name . SETI : Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence . In other words , I look for aliens , and when I tell people that at a cocktail party , they usually
1008When I go to parties , it does n't usually take very long for people to find out that I 'm a scientist and I study sex . And then I get asked questions . And the questions usually have a very particular format . They start with the phrase
1009I collaborate with bacteria . And I 'm about to show you some stop-motion footage that I made recently where you 'll see bacteria accumulating minerals from their environment over the period of an hour . So what you 're seeing here is the bacteria metabolizing , and as they
1010I 'm a very lucky person . I 've been privileged to see so much of our beautiful Earth and the people and creatures that live on it . And my passion was inspired at the age of seven , when my parents first took me to Morocco , at
1011I know this is going to sound strange , but I think robots can inspire us to be better humans . See , I grew up in Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , the home of Bethlehem Steel . My father was an engineer , and when I was growing up ,
1012I love my food . And I love information . My children usually tell me that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other . ( Laughter ) But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so is to take you through
1013Let 's begin with a story . Once upon a time — well actually less than two years ago — in a kingdom not so very far away , there was a man who traveled many miles to come to work at the jewel in the kingdom 's crown —
1014I 'm going to talk about religion . But it 's a broad and very delicate subject , so I have to limit myself . And therefore I will limit myself to only talk about the links between religion and sexuality . ( Laughter ) This is a very serious
1015This sound , this smell , this sight all remind me of the campfires of my childhood , when anyone could become a storyteller in front of the dancing flames . There was this wondrous ending when people and fire fell asleep almost in unison . It was dreaming time
1016( Non English ) ( French ) Mais Des fois on peut voir parce Que Les gens ici faire Des choses on peut manger . ( French ) Mais quand tu es fâché avec quelqu'un c'est pas passé the first time . ( British English ) And that 's one
1017So it turns out that mathematics is a very powerful language . It has generated considerable insight in physics , in biology and economics , but not that much in the humanities and in history . I think there 's a belief that it 's just impossible , that you
1018I have the answer to a question that we 've all asked . The question is , Why is it that the letter X represents the unknown ? Now I know we learned that in math class , but now it 's everywhere in the culture — The X prize
1019All right . So , like all good stories , this starts a long , long time ago when there was basically nothing . So here is a complete picture of the universe about 14-odd billion years ago . All energy is concentrated into a single point of energy .
1020I 'd like to invite you to close your eyes . Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home . I 'd like you to notice the color of the door , the material that it 's made out of . Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists
1021So , I 'm going to start off with kind of the buzzkill a little bit . Forty-two million people were displaced by natural disasters in 2010 . Now , there was nothing particularly special about 2010 , because , on average , 31 and a half million people are
1022I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence . I 'm going to start way back in the third grade at Oakdale School in Barberton , Ohio . I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project . He was making a horse out
1023My talk today is about something maybe a couple of you have already heard about . It 's called the Arab Spring . Anyone heard of it ? ( Applause ) So in 2011 , power shifted , from the few to the many , from oval offices to central
1024We are today talking about moral persuasion : What is moral and immoral in trying to change people 's behaviors by using technology and using design ? And I do n't know what you expect , but when I was thinking about that issue , I early on realized what
1025I was born in Den Bosch , where the painter Hieronymus Bosch named himself after . And I 've always been very fond of this painter who lived and worked in the 15th century . And what is interesting about him in relation to morality is that he lived at
1026Four years ago today , exactly , actually , I started a fashion blog called Style Rookie . Last September of 2011 , I started an online magazine for teenage girls called Rookiemag.com . My name 's Tavi Gevinson , and the title of my talk is `` Still Figuring
1027Usually I like working in my shop , but when it 's raining and the driveway outside turns into a river , then I just love it . And I 'll cut some wood and drill some holes and watch the water , and maybe I 'll have to walk
1028We conventionally divide space into private and public realms , and we know these legal distinctions very well because we 've become experts at protecting our private property and private space . But we 're less attuned to the nuances of the public . What translates generic public space into
1029This is Shivdutt Yadav , and he 's from Uttar Pradesh , India . Now Shivdutt was visiting the local land registry office in Uttar Pradesh , and he discovered that official records were listing him as dead . His land was no longer registered in his name . His
1030What you have here is an electronic cigarette . It 's something that 's , since it was invented a year or two ago , has given me untold happiness . ( Laughter ) A little bit of it , I think , is the nicotine , but there 's
1031When we think of games , there 's all kinds of things . Maybe you 're ticked off , or maybe , you 're looking forward to a new game . You 've been up too late playing a game . All these things happen to me . But when
1032America 's public energy conversation boils down to this question : Would you rather die of A ) oil wars , or B ) climate change , or C ) nuclear holocaust , or D ) all of the above ? Oh , I missed one : or E )
1033Five hundred seventy-one million two hundred thirty thousand pounds of paper towels are used by Americans every year . If we could — correction , wrong figure — 13 billion used every year . If we could reduce the usage of paper towels , one paper towel per person per
1034A few months ago the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to two teams of astronomers for a discovery that has been hailed as one of the most important astronomical observations ever . And today , after briefly describing what they found , I 'm going to tell you about
1035Just a moment ago , my daughter Rebecca texted me for good luck . Her text said , `` Mom , you will rock . '' I love this . Getting that text was like getting a hug . And so there you have it . I embody the central
1036People are living longer and societies are getting grayer . You hear about it all the time . You read about it in your newspapers . You hear about it on your television sets . Sometimes , I 'm concerned that we hear about it so much that we 've
1037Hi . ( Laughter ) I did that for two reasons . First of all , I wanted to give you a good visual first impression . But the main reason I did it is that that 's what happens to me when I 'm forced to wear a Lady
1038So I want to talk today about money and happiness , which are two things that a lot of us spend a lot of our time thinking about , either trying to earn them or trying to increase them . And a lot of us resonate with this phrase .
1039You know , cadaver dissection is the traditional way of learning human anatomy . For students , it 's quite an experience , but for a school , it could be very difficult or expensive to maintain . So we learned the majority of anatomic classes taught , they do
1040Have you ever wondered what is inside your dental plaque ? Probably not , but people like me do . I 'm an archeological geneticist at the Center for Evolutionary Medicine at the University of Zurich , and I study the origins and evolution of human health and disease by
1041Today , I 'd like to talk with you about something that should be a totally uncontroversial topic . But , unfortunately , it 's become incredibly controversial . This year , if you think about it , over a billion couples will have sex with one another . Couples
1042I call myself a body architect . I trained in classical ballet and have a background in architecture and fashion . As a body architect , I fascinate with the human body and explore how I can transform it . I worked at Philips Electronics in the far-future design research
1043Well when I was asked to do this TEDTalk , I was really chuckled , because , you see , my father 's name was Ted , and much of my life , especially my musical life , is really a talk that I 'm still having with him ,
1044To most of you , this is a device to buy , sell , play games , watch videos . I think it might be a lifeline . I think actually it might be able to save more lives than penicillin . Texting : I know I say texting and
1045If you had caught me straight out of college in the halls of the Vermont State House where I was a lobbyist in training and asked me what I was going to do with my life , I would have told you that I 'd just passed the Hanyu Shuiping
1046It 's a great honor to be here . It 's a great honor to be here talking about cities , talking about the future of cities . It 's great to be here as a mayor . I really do believe that mayors have the political position to really
1047Hi , my name is Frank , and I collect secrets . It all started with a crazy idea in November of 2004 . I printed up 3,000 self-addressed postcards , just like this . They were blank on one side , and on the other side I listed some
1048Marco Tempest : What I 'd like to show you today is something in the way of an experiment . Today 's its debut . It 's a demonstration of augmented reality . And the visuals you 're about to see are not prerecorded . They are live and reacting
1049This may sound strange , but I 'm a big fan of the concrete block . The first concrete blocks were manufactured in 1868 with a very simple idea : modules made of cement of a fixed measurement that fit together . Very quickly concrete blocks became the most-used construction
1050Last January , my company , Fark.com , was sued along with Yahoo , MSN , Reddit , AOL , TechCrunch and others by a company called Gooseberry Natural Resources . Gooseberry owned a patent for the creation and distribution of news releases via email . ( Laughter ) Now
1051I do n't know why , but I 'm continually amazed to think that two and a half billion of us around the world are connected to each other through the Internet and that at any point in time more than 30 percent of the world 's population can go
1052I got my start in writing and research as a surgical trainee , as someone who was a long ways away from becoming any kind of an expert at anything . So the natural question you ask then at that point is , how do I get good at what
1053I 'm a process engineer , I know all about boilers and incinerators and fabric filters , and cyclones , and things like that . But I also have Marfan syndrome . This is an inherited disorder . And in 1992 , I participated in a genetic study , and
1054When I was nine years old , I went off to summer camp for the first time . And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books , which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do . Because in my family , reading was the primary
1055The oceans cover some 70 percent of our planet . And I think Arthur C. Clarke probably had it right when he said that perhaps we ought to call our planet Planet Ocean . And the oceans are hugely productive , as you can see by the satellite image of
1056I 'm a believer . I 'm a believer in global warming , and my record is good on the subject . But my subject is national security . We have to get off of oil purchased from the enemy . I 'm talking about OPEC oil . And let
1057I 'm going to talk today about saving more , but not today , tomorrow . I 'm going to talk about Save More Tomorrow . It 's a program that Richard Thaler from the University of Chicago and I devised maybe 15 years ago . The program , in
1058( Applause ) ( Video ) Announcer : Threats , in the wake of Bin Laden 's death , have spiked . Announcer Two : Famine in Somalia . Announcer Three : Police pepper spray . Announcer Four : Vicious cartels . Announcer Five : Caustic cruise lines . Announcer
1059What do I know that would cause me , a reticent , Midwestern scientist , to get myself arrested in front of the White House protesting ? And what would you do if you knew what I know ? Let 's start with how I got to this point .
1060I 'm going to speak about a tiny , little idea . And this is about shifting baseline . And because the idea can be explained in one minute , I will tell you three stories before to fill in the time . And the first story is about Charles
1061I 'm going to tell you a little bit about my TEDxHouston Talk . I woke up the morning after I gave that talk with the worst vulnerability hangover of my life . And I actually did n't leave my house for about three days . The first time I
1062Good morning . I 'm here today to talk about autonomous flying beach balls . ( Laughter ) No , agile aerial robots like this one . I 'd like to tell you a little bit about the challenges in building these , and some of the terrific opportunities for
1063The electricity powering the lights in this theater was generated just moments ago . Because the way things stand today , electricity demand must be in constant balance with electricity supply . If in the time that it took me to walk out here on this stage , some tens
1064Look , I had second thoughts , really , about whether I could talk about this to such a vital and alive audience as you guys . Then I remembered the quote from Gloria Steinem , which goes , `` The truth will set you free , but first it
1065So a couple of years ago I started a program to try to get the rockstar tech and design people to take a year off and work in the one environment that represents pretty much everything they 're supposed to hate ; we have them work in government . The
1066So my name is Taylor Wilson . I am 17 years old and I am a nuclear physicist , which may be a little hard to believe , but I am . And I would like to make the case that nuclear fusion will be that point , that the
1067A tourist is backpacking through the highlands of Scotland , and he stops at a pub to get a drink . And the only people in there is a bartender and an old man nursing a beer . And he orders a pint , and they sit in silence for
1068The recent debate over copyright laws like SOPA in the United States and the ACTA agreement in Europe has been very emotional . And I think some dispassionate , quantitative reasoning could really bring a great deal to the debate . I 'd therefore like to propose that we employ
1069How can I speak in 10 minutes about the bonds of women over three generations , about how the astonishing strength of those bonds took hold in the life of a four-year-old girl huddled with her young sister , her mother and her grandmother for five days and nights in
1070I want to discuss with you this afternoon why you 're going to fail to have a great career . ( Laughter ) I 'm an economist . I do dismal . End of the day , it 's ready for dismal remarks . I only want to talk to
1071Let me begin with four words that will provide the context for this week , four words that will come to define this century . Here they are : The Earth is full . It 's full of us , it 's full of our stuff , full of our
1072Well this is a really extraordinary honor for me . I spend most of my time in jails , in prisons , on death row . I spend most of my time in very low-income communities in the projects and places where there 's a great deal of hopelessness .
1073Today I 'm going to talk about unexpected discoveries . Now I work in the solar technology industry . And my small startup is looking to force ourselves into the environment by paying attention to ... ... paying attention to crowd-sourcing . It 's just a quick video of what
1074I have a question for you : Are you religious ? Please raise your hand right now if you think of yourself as a religious person . Let 's see , I 'd say about three or four percent . I had no idea there were so many believers at
1075Many times I go around the world to speak , and people ask me questions about the challenges , my moments , some of my regrets . 1998 : A single mother of four , three months after the birth of my fourth child , I went to do a
1076I 'm a computer science professor , and my area of expertise is computer and information security . When I was in graduate school , I had the opportunity to overhear my grandmother describing to one of her fellow senior citizens what I did for a living . Apparently ,
1077I 'm here to give you your recommended dietary allowance of poetry . And the way I 'm going to do that is present to you five animations of five of my poems . And let me just tell you a little bit of how that came about . Because
1078I would like to talk to you about why many ehealth projects fail . And I really think that the most important thing of it is that we stopped listening to patients . And one thing we did at Radboud University is we appointed a Chief Listening Officer . Not
1079It is actually a reality today that you can download products from the Web — product data , I should say , from the Web — perhaps tweak it and personalize it to your own preference or your own taste , and have that information sent to a desktop machine
1080I 'm going to talk to you today about the design of medical technology for low-resource settings . I study health systems in these countries . And one of the major gaps in care , almost across the board , is access to safe surgery . Now one of the
1081I wanted to just start by asking everyone a question : How many of you are completely comfortable with calling yourselves a leader ? I 've asked that question all across the country , and everywhere I ask it , no matter where , there 's a huge portion of
1082I think we have to do something about a piece of the culture of medicine that has to change . And I think it starts with one physician , and that 's me . And maybe I 've been around long enough that I can afford to give away some
1083We do not invest in victims , we invest in survivors . And in ways both big and small , the narrative of the victim shapes the way we see women . You ca n't count what you do n't see . And we do n't invest in what 's
1084Shall I ask for a show of hands or a clapping of people in different generations ? I 'm interested in how many are three to 12 years old . ( Laughter ) None , huh ? ( Laughter ) All right . I 'm going to talk about dinosaurs
1085My story begins right here actually in Rajasthan about two years ago . I was in the desert , under the starry skies with the Sufi singer Mukhtiar Ali . And we were in conversation about how nothing had changed since the time of the ancient Indian epic `` The
1086Do you know how many choices you make in a typical day ? Do you know how many choices you make in typical week ? I recently did a survey with over 2,000 Americans , and the average number of choices that the typical American reports making is about 70
1087The humanitarian model has barely changed since the early 20th century . Its origins are firmly rooted in the analog age . And there is a major shift coming on the horizon . The catalyst for this change was the major earthquake that struck Haiti on the 12th of January
1088Is there a real you ? This might seem to you like a very odd question . Because , you might ask , how do we find the real you , how do you know what the real you is ? And so forth . But the idea that there
1089Penelope Jagessar Chaffer : I was going to ask if there 's a doctor in the house . No , I 'm just joking . It 's interesting , because it was six years ago when I was pregnant with my first child that I discovered that the most commonly
1090Both myself and my brother belong to the under 30 demographic , which Pat said makes 70 percent , but according to our statistics it makes 60 percent of the region 's population . Qatar is no exception to the region . It 's a very young nation led by
1091The things we make have one supreme quality — they live longer than us . We perish , they survive ; we have one life , they have many lives , and in each life they can mean different things . Which means that , while we all have one
1092Every year in the United States alone , 2,077,000 couples make a legal and spiritual decision to spend the rest of their lives together — ( Laughter ) And not to have sex with anyone else . Ever . He buys a ring , she buys a dress . They
1093As the highest military commander of the Netherlands , with troops stationed around the world , I 'm really honored to be here today . When I look around this TEDxAmsterdam venue , I see a very special audience . You are the reason why I said yes to the
1094When we park in a big parking lot , how do we remember where we parked our car ? Here 's the problem facing Homer . And we 're going to try to understand what 's happening in his brain . So we 'll start with the hippocampus , shown
1095When I was seven years old and my sister was just five years old , we were playing on top of a bunk bed . I was two years older than my sister at the time — I mean , I 'm two years older than her now — but
1096What I want to talk to you about today is some of the problems that the military of the Western world — Australia , United States , the UK and so on — face in some of the deployments that they 're dealing with in the modern world at this
1097What I 'm going to do is , I 'm going to explain to you an extreme green concept that was developed at NASA 's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland , Ohio . But before I do that , we have to go over the definition of what green is
1098Because I usually take the role of trying to explain to people how wonderful the new technologies that are coming along are going to be , and I thought that , since I was among friends here , I would tell you what I really think and try to look
1099I 'm here to share my photography . Or is it photography ? Because , of course , this is a photograph that you ca n't take with your camera . Yet , my interest in photography started as I got my first digital camera at the age of 15
1100Yeah , so a couple of years ago I was turning 60 , and I do n't like being 60 . ( Laughter ) And I started grappling with this existential angst of what little I had done with my life . It was n't the resume of breaking this
1101The world 's largest and most devastating environmental and industrial project is situated in the heart of the largest and most intact forest in the world , Canada 's boreal forest . It stretches right across Northern Canada , in Labrador , it 's home to the largest remaining wild
1102Everybody in our society 's life is touched by cancer — if not personally , then through a loved one , a family member , colleague , friend . And once our lives are touched by cancer , we quickly learn that there are basically three weapons , or three
1103Gabriel García Márquez is one of my favorite writers , for his storytelling , but even more , I think , for the beauty and precision of his prose . And whether it 's the opening line from `` One Hundred Years of Solitude '' or the fantastical stream of
1104Basking sharks are awesome creatures . They are just magnificent . They grow 10 meters long ; some say bigger . They might weigh up to two tons . Some say up to five tons . They 're the second-largest fish in the world . They 're also harmless plankton-feeding
1105What I 'm going to show you are the astonishing molecular machines that create the living fabric of your body . Now molecules are really , really tiny . And by tiny , I mean really . They 're smaller than a wavelength of light , so we have no
1106Ben Roche : So I 'm Ben , by the way . Homaro Cantu : And I 'm Homaro . BR : And we 're chefs . So when Moto opened in 2004 , people did n't really know what to expect . A lot of people thought that it
1107Amongst all the troubling deficits we struggle with today — we think of financial and economic primarily — the ones that concern me most is the deficit of political dialogue — our ability to address modern conflicts as they are , to go to the source of what they 're
1108I 'm here to talk to you about the economic invisibility of nature . The bad news is that mother nature 's back office is n't working yet , so those invoices do n't get issued . But we need to do something about this problem . I began my
1109Good afternoon , I 'm proud to be here at TEDxKrakow . I 'll try to speak a little bit today about a phenomenon which can , and actually is changing the world , and whose name is people power . I 'll start with an anecdote , or for
1110I 'm here to spread the word about the magnificence of spiders and how much we can learn from them . Spiders are truly global citizens . You can find spiders in nearly every terrestrial habitat . This red dot marks the Great Basin of North America , and I
1111Do you remember the story of Odysseus and the Sirens from high school or junior high school ? There was this hero , Odysseus , who 's heading back home after the Trojan War . And he 's standing on the deck of his ship , he 's talking to
1112I want to talk to you about one of the biggest myths in medicine , and that is the idea that all we need are more medical breakthroughs and then all of our problems will be solved . Our society loves to romanticize the idea of the single , solo
1113In the 1980s in the communist Eastern Germany , if you owned a typewriter , you had to register it with the government . You had to register a sample sheet of text out of the typewriter . And this was done so the government could track where text was
1114Lauren Hodge : If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option , which would you choose , grilled or fried chicken ? Now most people would answer grilled , and it 's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories . However ,
1115Okay , I have no idea what we 're going to play . I wo n't be able to tell you what it is until it happens . I did n't realize there was going to be a little music before . So I think I 'm going to start
1116How many of you had to fill out some sort of web form where you 've been asked to read a distorted sequence of characters like this ? How many of you found it really , really annoying ? Okay , outstanding . So I invented that . ( Laughter
1117I 'm actually going to share something with you I have n't talked about probably in more than 10 years . So bear with me as I take you through this journey . When I was 22 years old , I came home from work , put a leash on
1118In 1994 , I walked into a prison in Cambodia , and I met a 12-year-old boy who had been tortured and was denied access to counsel . And as I looked into his eyes , I realized that for the hundreds of letters I had written for political prisoners
1119I 've spent the last decade subjecting myself to pain and humiliation , hopefully for a good cause , which is self-improvement . And I 've done this in three parts . So first I started with the mind . And I decided to try to get smarter by reading
1120There 's currently over a thousand TED Talks on the TED website . And I guess many of you here think that this is quite fantastic , except for me , I do n't agree with this . I think we have a situation here . Because if you think
1121One of the most common ways of dividing the world is into those who believe and those who do n't — into the religious and the atheists . And for the last decade or so , it 's been quite clear what being an atheist means . There have been
1122I 'm here to talk about the wonder and the mystery of conscious minds . The wonder is about the fact that we all woke up this morning and we had with it the amazing return of our conscious mind . We recovered minds with a complete sense of self
1123I study how the brain processes information . That is , how it takes information in from the outside world , and converts it into patterns of electrical activity , and then how it uses those patterns to allow you to do things — to see , hear , to
1124My travels to Afghanistan began many , many years ago on the eastern border of my country , my homeland , Poland . I was walking through the forests of my grandmother 's tales . A land where every field hides a grave , where millions of people have been
1125There have been many revolutions over the last century , but perhaps none as significant as the longevity revolution . We are living on average today 34 years longer than our great-grandparents did — think about that . That 's an entire second adult lifetime that 's been added to
1126Cholera was reported in Haiti for the first time in over 50 years last October . There was no way to predict how far it would spread through water supplies and how bad the situation would get . And not knowing where help was needed always ensured that help was
1127I 've been in Afghanistan for 21 years . I work for the Red Cross and I 'm a physical therapist . My job is to make arms and legs — well it 's not completely true . We do more than that . We provide the patients , the
1128I 'm going to start here . This is a hand-lettered sign that appeared in a mom and pop bakery in my old neighborhood in Brooklyn a few years ago . The store owned one of those machines that can print on plates of sugar . And kids could bring
1129Is there anything unique about human beings ? There is . We 're the only creatures with fully developed moral sentiments . We 're obsessed with morality as social creatures . We need to know why people are doing what they 're doing . And I personally am obsessed with
1130Meet Tony . He 's my student . He 's about my age , and he 's in San Quentin State Prison . When Tony was 16 years old , one day , one moment , `` It was mom 's gun . Just flash it , scare the guy
1131I 'm a neuroscientist . And in neuroscience , we have to deal with many difficult questions about the brain . But I want to start with the easiest question and the question you really should have all asked yourselves at some point in your life , because it 's
1132I 've always had a fascination for computers and technology , and I made a few apps for the iPhone , iPod touch , and iPad . I 'd like to share a couple with you today . My first app was a unique fortune teller called `` Earth Fortune
1133My subject today is learning . And in that spirit , I want to spring on you all a pop quiz . Ready ? When does learning begin ? Now as you ponder that question , maybe you 're thinking about the first day of preschool or kindergarten , the
1134So that 's Johnny Depp , of course . And that 's Johnny Depp 's shoulder . And that 's Johnny Depp 's famous shoulder tattoo . Some of you might know that , in 1990 , Depp got engaged to Winona Ryder , and he had tattooed on his
1135I , like many of you , am one of the two billion people on Earth who live in cities . And there are days — I do n't know about the rest of you — but there are days when I palpably feel how much I rely on other
1136So magic is a very introverted field . While scientists regularly publish their latest research , we magicians do not like to share our methods and secrets . That 's true even amongst peers . But if you look at creative practice as a form of research , or art
1137I 'd like to apologize , first of all , to all of you because I have no form of PowerPoint presentation . So what I 'm going to do is , every now and again , I will make this gesture , and in a moment of PowerPoint democracy
1138Humans have long held a fascination for the human brain . We chart it , we 've described it , we 've drawn it , we 've mapped it . Now just like the physical maps of our world that have been highly influenced by technology — think Google Maps
1139( Music ) [ music by Moby ] [ Grand Canyon ] Narrator : Many of the tests are conducted while Yves is strapped onto the wing , because Yves ' body is an integral part of the aircraft . [ Wind tunnel tests ] Narrator : The wing has
1140What is it about flying cars ? We 've wanted to do this for about a hundred years . And there are historic attempts that have had some level of technical success . But we have n't yet gotten to the point where on your way here this morning you
1141If your life were a book and you were the author , how would you want your story to go ? That 's the question that changed my life forever . Growing up in the hot Last Vegas desert , all I wanted was to be free . I would
1142( Music ) Good afternoon . As you 're all aware , we face difficult economic times . I come to you with a modest proposal for easing the financial burden . This idea came to me while talking to a physicist friend of mine at MIT . He was
1143I was offered a position as associate professor of medicine and chief of scientific visualization at Yale University in the department of medicine . And my job was to write many of the algorithms and code for NASA to do virtual surgery in preparation for the astronauts going into deep-space
1144Now when we think of our senses , we do n't usually think of the reasons why they probably evolved , from a biological perspective . We do n't really think of the evolutionary need to be protected by our senses , but that 's probably why our senses really
1145Hi there . I 'm Hasan . I 'm an artist . And usually when I tell people I 'm an artist , they just look at me and say , `` Do you paint ? '' or `` What kind of medium do you work in ? '' Well
1146Thank you . It 's a real pleasure to be here . I last did a TED Talk I think about seven years ago or so . I talked about spaghetti sauce . And so many people , I guess , watch those videos . People have been coming up
1147( Applause ) ( Applause ) I am a papercutter . ( Laughter ) I cut stories . So my process is very straightforward . I take a piece of paper , I visualize my story , sometimes I sketch , sometimes I do n't . And as my image
1148Have you ever wanted to stay young a little longer and put off aging ? This is a dream of the ages . But scientists have for a long time thought this just was never going to be possible . They thought you just wear out , there 's nothing
1149I started Improv Everywhere about 10 years ago when I moved to New York City with an interest in acting and comedy . Because I was new to the city , I did n't have access to a stage , so I decided to create my own in public places
1150So historically there has been a huge divide between what people consider to be non-living systems on one side , and living systems on the other side . So we go from , say , this beautiful and complex crystal as non-life , and this rather beautiful and complex cat
1151I moved to Boston 10 years ago from Chicago , with an interest in cancer and in chemistry . You might know that chemistry is the science of making molecules or , to my taste , new drugs for cancer . And you might also know that , for science
1152Let me introduce to you Rezero . This little fellow was developed by a group of 10 undergraduate students at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory at ETH-Zurich . Our robot belongs to a family of robots called Ballbots . Instead of wheels , a Ballbot is balancing and moving on one
1153Hi . Today , I 'm going to take you through glimpses of about eight of my projects , done in collaboration with Danish artist Soren Pors . We call ourselves Pors and Rao , and we live and work in India . I 'd like to begin with my
1154So I 'm here to explain why I 'm wearing these ninja pajamas . And to do that , I 'd like to talk first about environmental toxins in our bodies . So some of you may know about the chemical Bisphenol A , BPA . It 's a material
1155I was born in Switzerland and raised in Ghana , West Africa . Ghana felt safe to me as a child . I was free , I was happy . The early 70s marked a time of musical and artistic excellence in Ghana . But then by the end of
1156Good afternoon . If you have followed diplomatic news in the past weeks , you may have heard of a kind of crisis between China and the U.S. regarding cyberattacks against the American company Google . Many things have been said about this . Some people have called a cyberwar
1157The night before I was heading for Scotland , I was invited to host the final of `` China 's Got Talent '' show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium . Guess who was the performing guest ? Susan Boyle . And I told her ,
1158My topic is economic growth in China and India . And the question I want to explore with you is whether or not democracy has helped or has hindered economic growth . You may say this is not fair , because I 'm selecting two countries to make a case
1159My name is Kate Hartman . And I like to make devices that play with the ways that we relate and communicate . So I 'm specifically interested in how we , as humans , relate to ourselves , each other and the world around us . ( Laughter )
1160So I 'm a doctor , but I kind of slipped sideways into research , and now I 'm an epidemiologist . And nobody really knows what epidemiology is . Epidemiology is the science of how we know in the real world if something is good for you or bad
1161So I just want to tell you my story . I spend a lot of time teaching adults how to use visual language and doodling in the workplace . And naturally , I encounter a lot of resistance , because it 's considered to be anti-intellectual and counter to serious
1162I 'd like to take you to another world . And I 'd like to share a 45 year-old love story with the poor , living on less than one dollar a day . I went to a very elitist , snobbish , expensive education in India , and that
1163So today , I would like to talk with you about bionics , which is the popular term for the science of replacing part of a living organism with a mechatronic device , or a robot . It is essentially the stuff of life meets machine . And specifically ,
1164I am a conductor , and I 'm here today to talk to you about trust . My job depends upon it . There has to be , between me and the orchestra , an unshakable bond of trust , born out of mutual respect , through which we can
1165Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do , but let 's kick off the afternoon with a message from a mystery sponsor . Anonymous : Dear Fox News , it has come to our unfortunate attention that both the name and nature of Anonymous has been ravaged .
1166Well we all know the World Wide Web has absolutely transformed publishing , broadcasting , commerce and social connectivity , but where did it all come from ? And I 'll quote three people : Vannevar Bush , Doug Engelbart and Tim Berners-Lee . So let 's just run through
1167What is going on in this baby 's mind ? If you 'd asked people this 30 years ago , most people , including psychologists , would have said that this baby was irrational , illogical , egocentric — that he could n't take the perspective of another person or
1168( Music ) What you just heard are the interactions of barometric pressure , wind and temperature readings that were recorded of Hurricane Noel in 2007 . The musicians played off a three-dimensional graph of weather data like this . Every single bead , every single colored band , represents
1169When I was little — and by the way , I was little once — my father told me a story about an 18th century watchmaker . And what this guy had done : he used to produce these fabulously beautiful watches . And one day , one of his
1170Why ca n't we solve these problems ? We know what they are . Something always seems to stop us . Why ? I remember March the 15th , 2000 . The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf . In the newspaper it said `` it was all
1171A few months ago , a 40 year-old woman came to an emergency room in a hospital close to where I live , and she was brought in confused . Her blood pressure was an alarming 230 over 170 . Within a few minutes , she went into cardiac collapse
1172Let 's talk about billions . Let 's talk about past and future billions . We know that about 106 billion people have ever lived . And we know that most of them are dead . And we also know that most of them live or lived in Asia .
1173Everyone 's familiar with cancer , but we do n't normally think of cancer as being a contagious disease . The Tasmanian devil has shown us that , not only can cancer be a contagious disease , but it can also threaten an entire species with extinction . So first
1174Hi everyone . I 'm an artist and a dad — second time around . Thank you . And I want to share with you my latest art project . It 's a children 's book for the iPad . It 's a little quirky and silly . It 's
1175What I want to talk about today is one idea . It 's an idea for a new kind of school , which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking about what schools are for and how they work . And it might just be coming to a
1176I am a reformed marketer , and I now work in international development . In October , I spent some time in the Democratic Republic of Congo , which is the [ second ] largest country in Africa . In fact , it 's as large as Western Europe ,
1177What 's in the box ? Whatever it is must be pretty important , because I 've traveled with it , moved it , from apartment to apartment to apartment . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) Sound familiar ? Did you know that we Americans have about three times
1178So , I have a strange career . I know it because people come up to me , like colleagues , and say , `` Chris , you have a strange career . '' ( Laughter ) And I can see their point , because I started my career as
1179I 'm a garbage man . And you might find it interesting that I became a garbage man , because I absolutely hate waste . I hope , within the next 10 minutes , to change the way you think about a lot of the stuff in your life .
1180Okay , now I do n't want to alarm anybody in this room , but it 's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar . ( Laughter ) Also , the person to your left is a liar . Also the person sitting
1181Ladies and gentlemen , I present to you the human genome . ( Applause ) Chromosome one — top left , bottom right — are the sex chromosomes . Women have two copies of that big X chromosome ; men have the X and , of course , that small
1182For a long time , there was me , and my body . Me was composed of stories , of cravings , of strivings , of desires of the future . Me was trying not to be an outcome of my violent past , but the separation that had already
1183So I 'm going to tell you a little bit about reimagining food . I 've been interested in food for a long time . I taught myself to cook with a bunch of big books like this . I went to chef school in France . And there is
1184For as long as I can remember , I have felt a very deep connection to animals and to the ocean . And at this age , my personal idol was Flipper the dolphin . And when I first learned about endangered species , I was truly distressed to know
1185I want to address the issue of compassion . Compassion has many faces . Some of them are fierce ; some of them are wrathful ; some of them are tender ; some of them are wise . A line that the Dalai Lama once said , he said ,
1186I did n't always love unintended consequences , but I 've really learned to appreciate them . I 've learned that they 're really the essence of what makes for progress , even when they seem to be terrible . And I 'd like to review just how unintended consequences
1187Today I 'd like to show you the future of the way we make things . I believe that soon our buildings and machines will be self-assembling , replicating and repairing themselves . So I 'm going to show you what I believe is the current state of manufacturing ,
1188I love the Internet . It 's true . Think about everything it has brought us . Think about all the services we use , all the connectivity , all the entertainment , all the business , all the commerce . And it 's happening during our lifetimes . I
1189By the end of this year , there 'll be nearly a billion people on this planet that actively use social networking sites . The one thing that all of them have in common is that they 're going to die . While that might be a somewhat morbid thought
1190Planetary systems outside our own are like distant cities whose lights we can see twinkling , but whose streets we ca n't walk . By studying those twinkling lights though , we can learn about how stars and planets interact to form their own ecosystem and make habitats that are
1191Have you ever wondered why extremism seems to have been on the rise in Muslim-majority countries over the course of the last decade ? Have you ever wondered how such a situation can be turned around ? Have you ever looked at the Arab uprisings and thought , `` How
1192We are losing our listening . We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening , but we 're not very good at it . We retain just 25 percent of what we hear . Now — not you , not this talk , but that is generally true
1193Well after many years working in trade and economics , four years ago , I found myself working on the front lines of human vulnerability . And I found myself in the places where people are fighting every day to survive and ca n't even obtain a meal . This
1194The question today is not : Why did we invade Afghanistan ? The question is : why are we still in Afghanistan one decade later ? Why are we spending $ 135 billion ? Why have we got 130,000 troops on the ground ? Why were more people killed last
1195I am the daughter of a forger , not just any forger ... When you hear the word `` forger , '' you often understand `` mercenary . '' You understand `` forged currency , '' `` forged pictures . '' My father is no such man . For 30
1196It is a dream of mankind to fly like a bird . Birds are very agile . They fly , not with rotating components , so they fly only by flapping their wings . So we looked at the birds , and we tried to make a model that is
1197Each of you possesses the most powerful , dangerous and subversive trait that natural selection has ever devised . It 's a piece of neural audio technology for rewiring other people 's minds . I 'm talking about your language , of course , because it allows you to implant
1198Embracing otherness . When I first heard this theme , I thought , well , embracing otherness is embracing myself . And the journey to that place of understanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me , and it 's given me an insight into the whole notion
1199Good morning everybody . I work with really amazing , little , itty-bitty creatures called cells . And let me tell you what it 's like to grow these cells in the lab . I work in a lab where we take cells out of their native environment . We
1200I 'm going to talk today about the pleasures of everyday life . But I want to begin with a story of an unusual and terrible man . This is Hermann Goering . Goering was Hitler 's second in command in World War II , his designated successor . And
1201What I want to talk to you about is what we can learn from studying the genomes of living people and extinct humans . But before doing that , I just briefly want to remind you about what you already know : that our genomes , our genetic material ,
1202Do you know how many species of flowering plants there are ? There are a quarter of a million — at least those are the ones we know about — a quarter of a million species of flowering plants . And flowers are a real bugger . They 're really
1203Cities are the crucible of civilization . They have been expanding , urbanization has been expanding , at an exponential rate in the last 200 years so that by the second part of this century , the planet will be completely dominated by cities . Cities are the origins of
1204So I begin with an advertisement inspired by George Orwell that Apple ran in 1984 . ( Video ) Big Brother : We are one people with one will , one resolve , one cause . Our enemies shall talk themselves to death , and we will fight them with
1205It 's the Second World War . A German prison camp . And this man , Archie Cochrane , is a prisoner of war and a doctor , and he has a problem . The problem is that the men under his care are suffering from an excruciating and debilitating
1206Humans in the developed world spend more than 90 percent of their lives indoors , where they breathe in and come into contact with trillions of life forms invisible to the naked eye : microorganisms . Buildings are complex ecosystems that are an important source of microbes that are good
1207So the type of magic I like , and I 'm a magician , is magic that uses technology to create illusions . So I would like to show you something I 've been working on . It 's an application that I think will be useful for artists —
1208A few years ago , I felt like I was stuck in a rut , so I decided to follow in the footsteps of the great American philosopher , Morgan Spurlock , and try something new for 30 days . The idea is actually pretty simple . Think about something
1209I 'm a filmmaker . For the last 8 years , I have dedicated my life to documenting the work of Israelis and Palestinians who are trying to end the conflict using peaceful means . When I travel with my work across Europe and the United States , one question
1210So , I was in the hospital for a long time . And a few years after I left , I went back , and the chairman of the burn department was very excited to see me — said , `` Dan , I have a fantastic new treatment for
1211This is a photograph by the artist Michael Najjar , and it 's real , in the sense that he went there to Argentina to take the photo . But it 's also a fiction . There 's a lot of work that went into it after that . And
1212So today , I want us to reflect on the demise of guys . Guys are flaming out academically ; they 're wiping out socially with girls and sexually with women . Other than that , there 's not much of a problem . So what 's the data ?
1213Do you know that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts deployed worldwide ? And these are base stations . And we also have more than five billion of these devices here . These are cellular mobile phones . And with these mobile phones , we transmit more than 600
1214I 'm here today to start a revolution . Now before you get up in arms , or you break into song , or you pick a favorite color , I want to define what I mean by revolution . By revolution , I mean a drastic and far-reaching change
1215( Music ) Text : BeatJazz . BeatJazz is : 1 . Live looping , 2 . Jazz improvisation And 3 . `` Gestural '' sound design . Accelerometers on each hand read hand position . The color of the lights indicates which sound I am playing . Red =
1216I 'm Jessi , and this is my suitcase . But before I show you what I 've got inside , I 'm going to make a very public confession , and that is , I 'm outfit-obsessed . I love finding , wearing , and more recently , photographing
1217I want you to imagine two couples in the middle of 1979 on the exact same day , at the exact same moment , each conceiving a baby , OK ? So two couples each conceiving one baby . Now I do n't want you to spend too much time
1218I 'm a pediatrician and an anesthesiologist , so I put children to sleep for a living . ( Laughter ) And I 'm an academic , so I put audiences to sleep for free . ( Laughter ) But what I actually mostly do is I manage the pain
1219( Music ) ( Applause ) Thank you . Imagining a solo cello concert , one would most likely think of Johann Sebastian Bach unaccompanied cello suites . As a child studying these eternal masterpieces , Bach 's music would intermingle with the singing voices of Muslim prayers from the
1220Many believe driving is an activity solely reserved for those who can see . A blind person driving a vehicle safely and independently was thought to be an impossible task , until now . Hello , my name is Dennis Hong , and we 're bringing freedom and independence to
1221The Highline is an old , elevated rail line that runs for a mile and a half right through Manhattan . And it was originally a freight line that ran down 10th Ave. And it became known as `` Death Avenue '' because so many people were run over by
1222I 'm a savant , or more precisely , a high-functioning autistic savant . It 's a rare condition . And rarer still when accompanied , as in my case , by self-awareness and a mastery of language . Very often when I meet someone and they learn this about
1223A couple of years ago when I was attending the TED Conference in Long Beach , I met Harriet . We 'd actually met online before — not the way you 're thinking . We were actually introduced because we both knew Linda Avey , one of the founders of
1224A few weeks ago , I had a chance to go to Saudi Arabia . And the first thing I wanted to do as a Muslim was to go to Mecca and visit the Kaaba , the holiest shrine of Islam . And I did that ; I put on
1225When I was growing up in Montana , I had two dreams . I wanted to be a paleontologist , a dinosaur paleontologist , and I wanted to have a pet dinosaur . And so that 's what I 've been striving for all of my life . I was
1226From all outward appearances , John had everything going for him . He had just signed the contract to sell his New York apartment at a six-figure profit , and he 'd only owned it for five years . The school where he graduated from with his master 's had
1227I 'd like to begin with a thought experiment . Imagine that it 's 4,000 years into the future . Civilization as we know it has ceased to exist — no books , no electronic devices , no Facebook or Twitter . All knowledge of the English language and the
1228My name is Joshua Walters . I 'm a performer . ( Beatboxing ) ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) But as far as being a performer , I 'm also diagnosed bipolar . I reframe that as a positive because the crazier I get onstage , the more entertaining
1229I want to share with you over the next 18 minutes a pretty incredible idea . Actually , it 's a really big idea . But to get us started , I want to ask if everyone could just close your eyes for two seconds and try and think of
1230This is a representation of your brain , and your brain can be broken into two parts . There 's the left half , which is the logical side , and then the right half , which is the intuitive . And so if we had a scale to measure
1231By birth and by choice , I 've been involved with the auto industry my entire life , and for the past 30 years , I 've worked at Ford Motor Company . And for most of those years , I worried about , how am I going to sell
1232I 'm used to thinking of the TED audience as a wonderful collection of some of the most effective , intelligent , intellectual , savvy , worldly and innovative people in the world . And I think that 's true . However , I also have reason to believe that
1233In 2007 , I decided that we needed to reconceptualize how we thought about economic development . Our new goal should be that when every family thinks about where they want to live and work , they should be able to choose between at least a handful of different cities
1234It 's an amazing thing that we 're here to talk about the year of patients rising . You heard stories earlier today about patients who are taking control of their cases , patients who are saying , `` You know what , I know what the odds are ,
1235Space , we all know what it looks like . We 've been surrounded by images of space our whole lives , from the speculative images of science fiction to the inspirational visions of artists to the increasingly beautiful pictures made possible by complex technologies . But whilst we have
1236So I want to take you on a trip to an alien world . And it 's not a trip that requires light-years of travel , but it 's to a place where it 's defined by light . So it 's a little-appreciated fact that most of the animals
1237As an artist , connection is very important to me . Through my work I 'm trying to articulate that humans are not separate from nature and that everything is interconnected . I first went to Antarctica almost 10 years ago , where I saw my first icebergs . I
1238The story I wanted to share with you today is my challenge as an Iranian artist , as an Iranian woman artist , as an Iranian woman artist living in exile . Well , it has its pluses and minuses . On the dark side , politics does n't seem
1239This story is about taking imagination seriously . Fourteen years ago , I first encountered this ordinary material , fishnet , used the same way for centuries . Today , I 'm using it to create permanent , billowing , voluptuous forms the scale of hard-edged buildings in cities around
1240I 'm a contemporary artist with a bit of an unexpected background . I was in my 20s before I ever went to an art museum . I grew up in the middle of nowhere on a dirt road in rural Arkansas , an hour from the nearest movie theater
1241You know , what I do is write for children , and I 'm probably America 's most widely read children 's author , in fact . And I always tell people that I do n't want to show up looking like a scientist . You can have me as
1242Hello , my name is Thomas Heatherwick . I have a studio in London that has a particular approach to designing buildings . When I was growing up , I was exposed to making and crafts and materials and invention on a small scale . And I was there looking
1243Think about your day for a second . You woke up , felt fresh air on your face as you walked out the door , encountered new colleagues and had great discussions , and felt in awe when you found something new . But I bet there 's something you
1244Imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft . Imagine a plane full of smoke . Imagine an engine going clack , clack , clack . It sounds scary . Well , I had a unique seat that day . I was sitting in 1D . I was
1245Phyllis Rodriguez : We are here today because of the fact that we have what most people consider an unusual friendship . And it is . And yet , it feels natural to us now . I first learned that my son had been in the World Trade Center on
1246Good afternoon , everybody . I 've got something to show you . ( Laughter ) Think about this as a pixel , a flying pixel . This is what we call , in our lab , sensible design . Let me tell you a bit about it . Now
1247Thank you . I 'm thrilled to be here . I 'm going to talk about a new , old material that still continues to amaze us , and that might impact the way we think about material science , high technology — and maybe , along the way ,
1248So what does the happiest man in the world look like ? He certainly does n't look like me . He looks like this . His name is Matthieu Ricard . So how do you get to be the happiest man in the world ? Well it turns out there
1249How often do we hear that people just do n't care ? How many times have you been told that real , substantial change is n't possible because most people are too selfish , too stupid or too lazy to try to make a difference in their community ? I
1250My name is Amit . And 18 months ago , I had another job at Google , and I pitched this idea of doing something with museums and art to my boss who 's actually here , and she allowed me to do it . And it took 18 months
1251First , a video . Yes , it is a scrambled egg . But as you look at it , I hope you 'll begin to feel just slightly uneasy . Because you may notice that what 's actually happening is that the egg is unscrambling itself . And you
1252I have had the distinct blessing in my life to have worked on a bunch of amazing projects . But the coolest I ever worked on was around this guy . This guy 's name is TEMPT . TEMPT was one of the foremost graffiti artists in the 80s .
1253Mark Zuckerberg , a journalist was asking him a question about the news feed . And the journalist was asking him , `` Why is this so important ? '' And Zuckerberg said , `` A squirrel dying in your front yard may be more relevant to your interests right
1254Hi , my name is Marcin — farmer , technologist . I was born in Poland , now in the U.S . I started a group called Open Source Ecology . We 've identified the 50 most important machines that we think it takes for modern life to exist —
1255Can any of you remember what you wanted to be when you were 17 ? Do you know what I wanted to be ? I wanted to be a biker chick . ( Laughter ) I wanted to race cars , and I wanted to be a cowgirl , and
1256As a boy , I loved cars . When I turned 18 , I lost my best friend to a car accident . Like this . And then I decided I 'd dedicate my life to saving one million people every year . Now I have n't succeeded , so
1257I 'm very fortunate to be here . I feel so fortunate . I 've been so impressed by the kindness expressed to me . I called my wife Leslie , and I said , `` You know , there 's so many good people trying to do so much
1258My name is Arvind Gupta , and I 'm a toymaker . I 've been making toys for the last 30 years . The early '70s , I was in college . It was a very revolutionary time . It was a political ferment , so to say — students
1259So as a fashion designer , I 've always tended to think of materials something like this , or this , or maybe this . But then I met a biologist , and now I think of materials like this — green tea , sugar , a few microbes and
1260My students often ask me , `` What is sociology ? '' And I tell them , `` It 's the study of the way in which human beings are shaped by things that they do n't see . '' And they say , `` So how can I be
1261Ten years ago , on a Tuesday morning , I conducted a parachute jump at Fort Bragg , North Carolina . It was a routine training jump , like many more I 'd done since I became a paratrooper 27 years before . We went down to the airfield early
1262I have spent the past few years putting myself into situations that are usually very difficult and at the same time somewhat dangerous . I went to prison — difficult . I worked in a coal mine — dangerous . I filmed in war zones — difficult and dangerous .
1263I decided when I was asked to do this that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend , Richard Feynman . I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him and enjoyed his presence . And I 'm going to tell you
1264Roger Ebert : These are my words , but this is not my voice . This is Alex , the best computer voice I 've been able to find , which comes as standard equipment on every Macintosh . For most of my life , I never gave a second
1265I thought I 'd talk a little bit about how nature makes materials . I brought along with me an abalone shell . This abalone shell is a biocomposite material that 's 98 percent by mass calcium carbonate and two percent by mass protein . Yet , it 's 3,000
1266I would like to talk today about what I think is one of the greatest adventures human beings have embarked upon , which is the quest to understand the universe and our place in it . My own interest in this subject , and my passion for it , began
1267So for the past year and a half , my team at Push Pop Press and Charlie Melcher and Melcher Media have been working on creating the first feature-length interactive book . It 's called `` Our Choice '' and the author is Al Gore . It 's the sequel
1268How would you like to be better than you are ? Suppose I said that , with just a few changes in your genes , you could get a better memory — more precise , more accurate and quicker . Or maybe you 'd like to be more fit ,
1269So it 's 1995 , I 'm in college , and a friend and I go on a road trip from Providence , Rhode Island to Portland , Oregon . And you know , we 're young and unemployed , so we do the whole thing on back roads through
1270The universe is really big . We live in a galaxy , the Milky Way Galaxy . There are about a hundred billion stars in the Milky Way Galaxy . And if you take a camera and you point it at a random part of the sky , and you
1271So security is two different things : it 's a feeling , and it 's a reality . And they 're different . You could feel secure even if you 're not . And you can be secure even if you do n't feel it . Really , we have
1272When I was a child , I always wanted to be a superhero . I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy . But I knew that I 'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true . So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to
1273It 's great being here at TED . You know , I think there might be some presentations that will go over my head , but the most amazing concepts are the ones that go right under my feet . The little things in life , sometimes that we forget
1274I 'm a huge believer in hands-on education . But you have to have the right tools . If I 'm going to teach my daughter about electronics , I 'm not going to give her a soldering iron . And similarly , she finds prototyping boards really frustrating for
1275Imagine if you could record your life — everything you said , everything you did , available in a perfect memory store at your fingertips , so you could go back and find memorable moments and relive them , or sift through traces of time and discover patterns in your
1276Today I want to talk about design , but not design as we usually think about it . I want to talk about what is happening now in our scientific , biotechnological culture , where , for really the first time in history , we have the power to design
1277Khan Academy is most known for its collection of videos , so before I go any further , let me show you a little bit of a montage . ( Video ) Salman Khan : So the hypotenuse is now going to be five . This animal 's fossils are
1278Back in New York , I am the head of development for a non-profit called Robin Hood . When I 'm not fighting poverty , I 'm fighting fires as the assistant captain of a volunteer fire company . Now in our town , where the volunteers supplement a highly
1279I 've been spending a lot of time traveling around the world these days , talking to groups of students and professionals , and everywhere I 'm finding that I hear similar themes . On the one hand , people say , `` The time for change is now .
1280If I should have a daughter , instead of `` Mom , '' she 's going to call me `` Point B , '' because that way she knows that no matter what happens , at least she can always find her way to me . And I 'm going
1281I 'm speaking to you about what I call the `` mesh . '' It 's essentially a fundamental shift in our relationship with stuff , with the things in our lives . And it 's starting to look at — not always and not for everything — but in
1282I want you now to imagine a wearable robot that gives you superhuman abilities , or another one that takes wheelchair users up standing and walking again . We at Berkeley Bionics call these robots exoskeletons . These are nothing else than something that you put on in the morning
1283There 's actually a major health crisis today in terms of the shortage of organs . The fact is that we 're living longer . Medicine has done a much better job of making us live longer , and the problem is , as we age , our organs tend
1284( Applause ) ( Music ) ( Applause ) Angella Ahn : Thank you . ( Applause ) Thank you so much . We are so honored to be here at TEDWomen , sharing our music with you . What an exciting and inspiring event . What you just heard
1285I 'd like to start with a couple of quick examples . These are spinneret glands on the abdomen of a spider . They produce six different types of silk , which is spun together into a fiber , tougher than any fiber humans have ever made . The nearest
1286Hawa Abdi : Many people — 20 years for Somalia — [ were ] fighting . So there was no job , no food . Children , most of them , became very malnourished , like this . Deqo Mohamed : So as you know , always in a civil
1287( Whistling ) ( Whistling ends ) ( Applause ) Thank you . ( Applause ) Thank you very much . That was whistling . I 'm trying to do this in English . What is a chubby , curly-haired guy from Holland — why is he whistling ? Well
1288I want to ask you all to consider for a second the very simple fact that , by far , most of what we know about the universe comes to us from light . We can stand on the Earth and look up at the night sky and see stars
1289It 's Monday morning . In Washington , the president of the United States is sitting in the Oval Office , assessing whether or not to strike Al Qaeda in Yemen . At Number 10 Downing Street , David Cameron is trying to work out whether to cut more public
1290As a child , I was raised by native Hawaiian elders — three old women who took care of me while my parents worked . The year is 1963 . We 're at the ocean . It 's twilight . We 're watching the rising of the stars and the
1291We 're here to celebrate compassion . But compassion , from my vantage point , has a problem . As essential as it is across our traditions , as real as so many of us know it to be in particular lives , the word `` compassion '' is hollowed
1292Pat Mitchell : What is the story of this pin ? Madeleine Albright : This is `` Breaking the Glass Ceiling . '' PM : Oh . That was well chosen , I would say , for TEDWomen . MA : Most of the time I spend when I get
1293I know what you 're thinking . You think I 've lost my way , and somebody 's going to come on the stage in a minute and guide me gently back to my seat . ( Applause ) I get that all the time in Dubai . `` Here
1294Adrian Kohler : Well , we 're here today to talk about the evolution of a puppet horse . Basil Jones : But actually we 're going to start this evolution with a hyena . AK : The ancestor of the horse . Okay , we 'll do something with
1295I just came back from a community that holds the secret to human survival . It 's a place where women run the show , have sex to say hello , and play rules the day — where fun is serious business . And no , this is n't Burning
1296This is a river . This is a stream . This is a river . This is happening all over the country . There are tens of thousands of miles of dewatered streams in the United States . On this map , the colored areas represent water conflicts . Similar
1297I want you to take a look at this baby . What you 're drawn to are her eyes and the skin you love to touch . But today I 'm going to talk to you about something you ca n't see . What 's going on up in that
1298The idea behind the Stuxnet computer worm is actually quite simple . We do n't want Iran to get the bomb . Their major asset for developing nuclear weapons is the Natanz uranium enrichment facility . The gray boxes that you see , these are real-time control systems . Now
1299This is Revolution 2.0 . No one was a hero . No one was a hero . Because everyone was a hero . Everyone has done something . We all use Wikipedia . If you think of the concept of Wikipedia where everyone is collaborating on content , and at
1300When I got my current job , I was given a good piece of advice , which was to interview three politicians every day . And from that much contact with politicians , I can tell you they 're all emotional freaks of one sort or another . They have
1301There 's a beautiful statement on the screen that says , `` Light creates ambiance , light makes the feel of a space , and light is also the expression of structure . '' Well , that was not by me . That was , of course , by Le
1302Ten years ago exactly , I was in Afghanistan . I was covering the war in Afghanistan , and I witnessed , as a reporter for Al Jazeera , the amount of suffering and destruction that emerged out of a war like that . Then , two years later ,
1303So I was born on the last day of the last year of the '70s . I was raised on `` Free to be you and me '' — ( cheering ) hip-hop — not as many woohoos for hip-hop in the house . Thank you . Thank you for
1304I was only four years old when I saw my mother load a washing machine for the very first time in her life . That was a great day for my mother . My mother and father had been saving money for years to be able to buy that machine
1305Ever since I was a little girl seeing `` Star Wars '' for the first time , I 've been fascinated by this idea of personal robots . And as a little girl , I loved the idea of a robot that interacted with us much more like a helpful
1306The maxim , `` Know thyself '' has been around since the ancient Greeks . Some attribute this golden world knowledge to Plato , others to Pythagoras . But the truth is it does n't really matter which sage said it first , because it 's still sage advice ,
1307( Laughter ) I was afraid of womanhood . Not that I 'm not afraid now , but I 've learned to pretend . I 've learned to be flexible . In fact , I 've developed some interesting tools to help me deal with this fear . Let me
1308I will start by posing a little bit of a challenge : the challenge of dealing with data , data that we have to deal with in medical situations . It 's really a huge challenge for us . And this is our beast of burden — this is a
1309Running : it 's basically just right , left , right , left , yeah ? I mean , we 've been doing it for two million years , so it 's kind of arrogant to assume that I 've got something to say that has n't been said and
1310There are two groups of women when it comes to screening mammography — women in whom mammography works very well and has saved thousands of lives and women in whom it does n't work well at all . Do you know which group you 're in ? If you do
1311I am honored to be here , and I 'm honored to talk about this topic , which I think is of grave importance . We 've been talking a lot about the horrific impacts of plastic on the planet and on other species , but plastic hurts people ,
1312You may have heard about the Koran 's idea of paradise being 72 virgins , and I promise I will come back to those virgins . But in fact , here in the northwest , we 're living very close to the real Koranic idea of paradise , defined 36
1313I 'm going to have a pretty simple idea that I 'm just going to tell you over and over until I get you to believe it , and that is all of us are makers . I really believe that . All of us are makers . We 're
1314I have been teaching for a long time , and in doing so have acquired a body of knowledge about kids and learning that I really wish more people would understand about the potential of students . In 1931 , my grandmother — bottom left for you guys over here
1315I 'm going to make an argument today that may seem a little bit crazy : social media and the end of gender . Let me connect the dots . I 'm going to argue today that the social media applications that we all know and love , or love
1316The first thing I want to do is say thank you to all of you . The second thing I want to do is introduce my co-author and dear friend and co-teacher . Ken and I have been working together for almost 40 years . That 's Ken Sharpe over
1317My story actually began when I was four years old and my family moved to a new neighborhood in our hometown of Savannah , Georgia . And this was the 1960s when actually all the streets in this neighborhood were named after Confederate war generals . We lived on Robert
1318So the Awesome story : It begins about 40 years ago , when my mom and my dad came to Canada . My mom left Nairobi , Kenya . My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar , India . And they got here in the late 1960s .
1319Alisa Volkman : So this is where our story begins — the dramatic moments of the birth of our first son , Declan . Obviously a really profound moment , and it changed our lives in many ways . It also changed our lives in many unexpected ways , and
1320We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment where the power dynamics between men and women are shifting very rapidly , and in many of the places where it counts the most , women are , in fact , taking control of everything . In my mother 's
1321So I 'm here to tell you that we have a problem with boys , and it 's a serious problem with boys . Their culture is n't working in schools , and I 'm going to share with you ways that we can think about overcoming that problem .
1322So , I 'll start with this : a couple years ago , an event planner called me because I was going to do a speaking event . And she called , and she said , `` I 'm really struggling with how to write about you on the little
1323What I thought I would do is I would start with a simple request . I 'd like all of you to pause for a moment , you wretched weaklings , and take stock of your miserable existence . ( Laughter ) Now that was the advice that St. Benedict
1324I would like to tell you all that you are all actually cyborgs , but not the cyborgs that you think . You 're not RoboCop , and you 're not Terminator , but you 're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen or use one of your
1325Some of the greatest innovations and developments in the world often happen at the intersection of two fields . So tonight I 'd like to tell you about the intersection that I 'm most excited about at this very moment , which is entertainment and robotics . So if we
1326This room may appear to be holding 600 people , but there 's actually so many more , because in each one of us there is a multitude of personalities . I have two primary personalities that have been in conflict and conversation within me since I was a little
1327Beverly Joubert : We are truly passionate about the African wilderness and protecting the African wilderness , and so what we 've done is we 've focused on iconic cats . And I know , in the light of human suffering and poverty and even climate change , one would
1328I 'm actually here to make a challenge to people . I know there have been many challenges made to people . The one I 'm going to make is that it is time for us to reclaim what peace really means . Peace is not `` Kumbaya , my
1329You may not know this , but you are celebrating an anniversary with me . I 'm not married , but one year ago today , I woke up from a month-long coma , following a double lung transplant . Crazy , I know . Insane . Thank you .
1330If we look around us , much of what surrounds us started life as various rocks and sludge buried in the ground in various places in the world . But , of course , they do n't look like rocks and sludge now . They look like TV cameras ,
1331So today I 'm going to talk to you about the rise of collaborative consumption . I 'm going to explain what it is and try and convince you — in just 15 minutes — that this is n't a flimsy idea , or a short-term trend , but a
1332I 'm going to be talking to you about how we can tap a really underutilized resource in health care , which is the patient , or , as I like to use the scientific term , people . Because we are all patients , we are all people .
1333So for any of us in this room today , let 's start out by admitting we 're lucky . We do n't live in the world our mothers lived in , our grandmothers lived in , where career choices for women were so limited . And if you 're
1334My big idea is a very , very small idea that can unlock billions of big ideas that are at the moment dormant inside us . And my little idea that will do that is sleep . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) This is a room of type-A women
1335So I am a surgeon who studies creativity , and I have never had a patient tell me , `` I really want you to be creative during surgery , '' and so I guess there 's a little bit of irony to it . I will say though that
1336`` What I Will '' I will not dance to your war drum . I will not lend my soul nor my bones to your war drum . I will not dance to that beating . I know that beat . It is lifeless . I know intimately that skin
1337I grew up in a very small village in Canada , and I 'm an undiagnosed dyslexic . I had a really hard time in school . In fact , my mother told me eventually that I was the little kid in the village who cried all the way to
1338Hello . My name is Birke Baehr , and I 'm 11 years old . I came here today to talk about what 's wrong with our food system . First of all , I would like to say that I 'm really amazed at how easily kids are led
1339I guess the story actually has to start maybe back in the the 1960s , when I was seven or eight years old , watching Jacques Cousteau documentaries on the living room floor with my mask and flippers on . Then after every episode , I had to go up
1340Mountain biking in Israel is something that I do with great passion and commitment . And when I 'm on my bike , I feel that I connect with the profound beauty of Israel , and I feel that I 'm united with this country 's history and biblical law
1341Delighted to be here and to talk to you about a subject dear to my heart , which is beauty . I do the philosophy of art , aesthetics , actually , for a living . I try to figure out intellectually , philosophically , psychologically , what the experience
1342I 'm a visual artist , and I 'm also one of the co-founders of the Plastic Pollution Coalition . I 've been working with plastic bags , which I cut up and sew back together as my primary material for my artwork for the last 20 years . I
1343Today I 'm going to take you on a voyage to some place so deep , so dark , so unexplored that we know less about it than we know about the dark side of the moon . It 's a place of myth and legend . It 's a
1344I 'm here today to share with you an extraordinary journey - extraordinarily rewarding journey , actually - which brought me into training rats to save human lives by detecting landmines and tuberculosis . As a child , I had two passions . One was a passion for rodents .
1345Do you ever feel completely overwhelmed when you 're faced with a complex problem ? Well , I hope to change that in less than three minutes . So , I hope to convince you that complex does n't always equal complicated . So for me , a well-crafted baguette
1346Restaurants and the food industry in general are pretty much the most wasteful industry in the world . For every calorie of food that we consume here in Britain today , 10 calories are taken to produce it . That 's a lot . I want to take something rather
1347I 'm going to talk to you about power in this 21st century . And basically , what I 'd like to tell you is that power is changing , and there are two types of changes I want to discuss . One is power transition , which is change
1348I 'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota . Many of you may have heard of the Lakota , or at least the larger group of tribes , called the Sioux . The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land to prisoner-of-war
1349It sure used to be a lot easier to be from Iceland , because until a couple of years ago , people knew hardly anything about us , and I could basically come out here and say only good things about us . But in the last couple of years
1350I grew up in New York City , between Harlem and the Bronx . Growing up as a boy , we were taught that men had to be tough , had to be strong , had to be courageous , dominating — no pain , no emotions , with the
1351Today I want to talk to you about ethnic conflict and civil war . These are not normally the most cheerful of topics , nor do they generally generate the kind of good news that this conference is about . Yet , not only is there at least some good
1352( Applause ) Thank you very much . I have a few pictures , and I 'll talk a little bit about how I 'm able to do what I do . All these houses are built from between 70 and 80 percent recycled material , stuff that was headed
1353Okay , I 'm going to show you again something about our diets . And I would like to know what the audience is , and so who of you ever ate insects ? That 's quite a lot . ( Laughter ) But still , you 're not representing
1354So I 'm going to talk about work ; specifically , why people ca n't seem to get work done at work , which is a problem we all kind of have . But let 's sort of start at the beginning . So , we have companies and non-profits
1355I love video games . I 'm also slightly in awe of them . I 'm in awe of their power in terms of imagination , in terms of technology , in terms of concept . But I think , above all , I 'm in awe at their power
1356So there are a few things that bring us humans together in the way that an election does . We stand in elections ; we vote in elections ; we observe elections . Our democracies rely on elections . We all understand why we have elections , and we all
1357Sustainability represents the what , the where and the how of what is caught . The who and the why are what 's important to me . I want to know the people behind my dinner choices . I want to know how I impact them . I want to
1358I have a doppelganger . ( Laughter ) Dr. Gero is a brilliant but slightly mad scientist in the `` Dragonball Z : Android Saga . '' If you look very carefully , you see that his skull has been replaced with a transparent Plexiglas dome so that the workings
1359Well , the subject of difficult negotiation reminds me of one of my favorite stories from the Middle East , of a man who left to his three sons , 17 camels . To the first son , he left half the camels ; to the second son , he
1360( Music by Anna Oxygen ) ( Music : `` Shells '' by Mirah ) ♪ You learned how to be a diver ♪ ♪ Put on a mask and believe ♪ ♪ Gather a dinner of shells for me ♪ ♪ Take the tank down so you can breathe
1361This technology made a very important impact on us . It changed the way our history developed . But it 's a technology so pervasive , so invisible , that we , for a long time , forgot to take it into account when we talked about human evolution .
1362I woke up in the middle of the night with the sound of heavy explosion . It was deep at night . I do not remember what time it was . I just remember the sound was so heavy and so very shocking . Everything in my room was shaking
1363Now I 'm going to give you a story . It 's an Indian story about an Indian woman and her journey . Let me begin with my parents . I 'm a product of this visionary mother and father . Many years ago , when I was born in
1364I 'm a bug lover , myself — not from childhood , by the way , but rather late . When I bachelored , majoring in zoology at Tel Aviv University , I kind of fell in love with bugs . And then , within zoology , I took the
1365So , a funny thing happened on my way to becoming a brilliant , world-class neuropsychologist : I had a baby . And that 's not to say I ever went on to become a brilliant , world-class neuropsychologist . Sorry , TED . But I did go on to
1366The big residual is always value for money . All the time we are trying to get value for money . What we do n't look for is value for many , while we are generating value for money . Do we care about those four billion people whose income
1367So yeah , I 'm a newspaper cartoonist — political cartoonist . I do n't know if you 've heard about it — newspapers ? It 's a sort of paper-based reader . ( Laughter ) It 's lighter than an iPad , it 's a bit cheaper . You
1368So this is a story of a place that I now call home . It 's a story of public education and of rural communities and of what design might do to improve both . So this is Bertie County , North Carolina , USA . To give you an
1369I am a cultural omnivore , one whose daily commute is made possible by attachment to an iPod — an iPod that contains Wagner and Mozart , pop diva Christina Aguilera , country singer Josh Turner , gangsta rap artist Kirk Franklin , concerti , symphonies and more and more
1370My story is a little bit about war . It 's about disillusionment . It 's about death . And it 's about rediscovering idealism in all of that wreckage . And perhaps also , there 's a lesson about how to deal with our screwed-up , fragmenting and dangerous
1371The moment I say `` school , '' so many memories come back to me . It 's like after every exam , when I walk out , the teacher would say , `` Hey , come . How did you do ? '' I would say with a great
1372The Hindus say , `` Nada brahma , '' one translation of which is , `` The world is sound . '' And in a way , that 's true , because everything is vibrating . In fact , all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating
1373I got up this morning at 6:10 a.m. after going to sleep at 12:45 a.m . I was awakened once during the night . My heart rate was 61 beats per minute — my blood pressure , 127 over 74 . I had zero minutes of exercise yesterday , so
1374So I want to tell you a story — an encouraging story — about addressing desperation , depression and despair in Afghanistan , and what we have learned from it , and how to help people to overcome traumatic experiences and how to help them to regain some confidence in
1375We live in in a remarkable time , the age of genomics . Your genome is the entire sequence of your DNA . Your sequence and mine are slightly different . That 's why we look different . I 've got brown eyes ; you might have blue or gray
1376I 've been fascinated for a lifetime by the beauty , form and function of giant bluefin tuna . Bluefin are warmblooded like us . They 're the largest of the tunas , the second-largest fish in the sea — bony fish . They actually are a fish that is
1377The stories we tell about each other matter very much . The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter . And most of all , I think the way that we participate in each other 's stories is of deep importance . I was six years old when
1378If you really want to understand the problem that we 're facing with the oceans , you have to think about the biology at the same time you think about the physics . We ca n't solve the problems unless we start studying the ocean in a very much more
1379I am a Ph.D. student and that means I have a question : how can we make digital content graspable ? Because you see , on the one hand , there is the digital world and no question , many things are happening there right now . And for us
1380Hello . I would like to start my talk with actually two questions , and the first one is : How many people here actually eat pig meat ? Please raise your hand — oh , that 's a lot . And how many people have actually seen a live
1381Well , that 's kind of an obvious statement up there . I started with that sentence about 12 years ago , and I started in the context of developing countries , but you 're sitting here from every corner of the world . So if you think of a
1382Welcome to Thailand . Now , when I was a young man — 40 years ago , the country was very , very poor with lots and lots and lots of people living in poverty . We decided to do something about it , but we did n't begin with
1383Imagine , if you will — a gift . I 'd like for you to picture it in your mind . It 's not too big — about the size of a golf ball . So envision what it looks like all wrapped up . But before I show you
1384I was informed by this kind of unoriginal and trite idea that new technologies were an opportunity for social transformation , which is what drove me then , and still , it 's a delusion that drives me now . I wanted to update what I 've been doing since
1385Tyler Dewar : The way I feel right now is that all of the other speakers have said exactly what I wanted to say . ( Laughter ) And it seems that the only thing left for me to say is to thank you all for your kindness . TD
1386Now , since this is TEDGlobal , who can tell me what this is called in French ? I see you 're all up on the history of hurdy-gurdy — `` vielle à roue . '' And in Spanish , `` zanfona . '' And in Italian , `` ghironda
1387I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype . My wife sent me a message , `` Whoa , earthquake , '' and then disappeared for 25 minutes . It was 25 minutes of absolute terror that thousands of people across the U.S. felt . I was afraid of a
1388One of my favorite parts of my job at the Gates Foundation is that I get to travel to the developing world , and I do that quite regularly . And when I meet the mothers in so many of these remote places , I 'm really struck by the
1389Just a few minutes ago , I took this picture about 10 blocks from here . This is the Grand Cafe here in Oxford . I took this picture because this turns out to be the first coffeehouse to open in England in 1650 . That 's its great claim
1390So , I 'd like to spend a few minutes with you folks today imagining what our planet might look like in a thousand years . But before I do that , I need to talk to you about synthetic materials like plastics , which require huge amounts of energy
1391Sometimes I go browsing [ through ] a very old magazine . I found this observation test about the story of the ark . And the artist that drew this observation test did some errors , had some mistakes — there are more or less 12 mistakes . Some of
1392I want you to take a trip with me . Picture yourself driving down a small road in Africa , and as you drive along , you look off to the side , and this is what you see : you see a field of graves . And you stop
1393This strange-looking plant is called the Llareta . What looks like moss covering rocks is actually a shrub comprised of thousands of branches , each containing clusters of tiny green leaves at the end and so densely packed together that you could actually stand on top of it . This
1394Everyone , please think of your biggest personal goal . For real — you can take a second . You 've got to feel this to learn it . Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal , okay ? Imagine deciding right now that you 're
1395We are here today because [ the ] United Nations have defined goals for the progress of countries . They 're called Millennium Development Goals . And the reason I really like these goals is that there are eight of them . And by specifying eight different goals , the
1396Let 's start with day and night . Life evolved under conditions of light and darkness , light and then darkness . And so plants and animals developed their own internal clocks so that they would be ready for these changes in light . These are chemical clocks , and
1397I 'm going to share with you the story as to how I have become an HIV/AIDS campaigner . And this is the name of my campaign : SING Campaign . In November of 2003 , I was invited to take part in the launch of Nelson Mandela 's 46664
1398Come with me to the bottom of the world , Antarctica , the highest , driest , windiest , and yes , coldest region on Earth — more arid than the Sahara and , in parts , colder than Mars . The ice of Antarctica glows with a light so
1399The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today rarely makes the front pages . It , however , is enormous in both scale and importance . Look , you all are very well traveled ; this is TEDGlobal after all . But I do hope to
1400In October 2010 , the Justice League of America will be teaming up with The 99 . Icons like Batman , Superman , Wonder Woman and their colleagues will be teaming up with icons Jabbar , Noora , Jami and their colleagues . It 's a story of intercultural intersections
1401This talk is about righting writing wrongs . No , the sound 's not faulty — righting writing wrongs . The Middle East is huge , and with all our problems , one thing 's for sure : we love to laugh . I think humor is a great way
1402I 'm a storyteller . That 's what I do in life — telling stories , writing novels — and today I would like to tell you a few stories about the art of storytelling and also some supernatural creatures called the djinni . But before I go there ,
1403Well , indeed , I 'm very , very lucky . My talk essentially got written by three historic events that happened within days of each other in the last two months — seemingly unrelated , but as you will see , actually all having to do with the story
1404So I work in marketing , which I love , but my first passion was physics , a passion brought to me by a wonderful school teacher , when I had a little less gray hair . So he taught me that physics is cool because it teaches us so
1405Trees epitomize stasis . Trees are rooted in the ground in one place for many human generations , but if we shift our perspective from the trunk to the twigs , trees become very dynamic entities , moving and growing . And I decided to explore this movement by turning
1406So let me just start with my story . So I tore my knee joint meniscus cartilage playing soccer in college . Then I went on to tear my ACL , the ligament in my knee , and then developed an arthritic knee . And I 'm sure that many
1407I 'm an American , which means , generally , I ignore football unless it involves guys my size or Bruno 's size running into each other at extremely high speeds . That said , it 's been really hard to ignore football for the last couple of weeks .
1408I grew up on a small farm in Missouri . We lived on less than a dollar a day for about 15 years . I got a scholarship , went to university , studied international agriculture , studied anthropology , and decided I was going to give back . I
1409I still remember the day in school when our teacher told us that the world population had become three billion people , and that was in 1960 . I 'm going to talk now about how world population has changed from that year and into the future , but I
1410Martin Luther King did not say , `` I have a nightmare , '' when he inspired the civil rights movements . He said , `` I have a dream . '' And I have a dream . I have a dream that we can stop thinking that the future
1411I am a marine toxicologist , and I 've been very , very concerned about the Gulf , particularly about the massive applications of the toxic dispersants , the Corexits . I 've been working on ocean pollution for quite a long time — the impacts on marine life and
1412It feels like we 're all suffering from information overload or data glut . And the good news is there might be an easy solution to that , and that 's using our eyes more . So , visualizing information , so that we can see the patterns and connections
1413For a moment , what I need to do is project something on the screen of your imagination . We 're in 17th century Japan on the west coast , and a little , wizened monk is hurrying along , near midnight , to the crest of a small hill
1414Up until now , our communication with machines has always been limited to conscious and direct forms . Whether it 's something simple like turning on the lights with a switch , or even as complex as programming robotics , we have always had to give a command to a
1415Last year when I was here , I was speaking to you about a swim which I did across the North Pole . And while that swim took place three years ago , I can remember it as if it was yesterday . I remember standing on the edge of
1416My name 's Seth Priebatsch . I 'm the chief ninja of SCVNGR . I 'm a proud Princeton dropout . Also proud to have relocated here to Boston , where I actually grew up . ( Applause ) Yeah , Boston . Easy wins , I should just name
1417This is the ocean as I used to know it . And I find that since I 've been in the Gulf a couple of times , I really kind of am traumatized because whenever I look at the ocean now , no matter where I am , even where
1418I 'm Ellen , and I 'm totally obsessed with food . But I did n't start out obsessed with food . I started out obsessed with global security policy because I lived in New York during 9/11 , and it was obviously a very relevant thing . And I
1419We live on a human-dominated planet , putting unprecedented pressure on the systems on Earth . This is bad news , but perhaps surprising to you , it 's also part of the good news . We 're the first generation — thanks to science — to be informed that
1420I want to start my talk today with two observations about the human species . The first observation is something that you might think is quite obvious , and that 's that our species , Homo sapiens , is actually really , really smart — like , ridiculously smart —
1421Why grow homes ? Because we can . Right now , America is in an unremitting state of trauma . And there 's a cause for that , all right . We 've got McPeople , McCars , McHouses . As an architect , I have to confront something like
1422When I was a student here in Oxford in the 1970s , the future of the world was bleak . The population explosion was unstoppable . Global famine was inevitable . A cancer epidemic caused by chemicals in the environment was going to shorten our lives . The acid rain
1423It 's a great honor today to share with you The Digital Universe , which was created for humanity to really see where we are in the universe . And so I think we can roll the video that we have . [ The Himalayas . ] ( Music )
1424Cartoons are basically short stories . I tried to find one that did n't have a whole lot of words . Not all of them have happy endings . So how did I get started cartooning ? I doodled a lot as a kid , and if you spend enough
1425So I 'm going to talk to you about you about the political chemistry of oil spills and why this is an incredibly important , long , oily , hot summer , and why we need to keep ourselves from getting distracted . But before I talk about the political
1426When I saw a piece of technology called Kinect — it was called Natal — I was inspired , and I thought for a moment , maybe it 's possible to address that one problem of storytelling , to create a character which seemed alive , which noticed me ,
1427I was one of the founding members of the Axis of Evil Comedy Tour . The other founding members included Ahmed Ahmed , who is an Egyptian-American , who actually had the idea to go to the Middle East and try it out before we went out as a tour
1428I want to talk about penguins today . But first , I want to start by saying that we need a new operating system , for the oceans and for the Earth . When I came to the Galapagos 40 years ago , there were 3,000 people that lived in
1429In the last 50 years , we 've been building the suburbs with a lot of unintended consequences . And I 'm going to talk about some of those consequences and just present a whole bunch of really interesting projects that I think give us tremendous reasons to be really
1430I want to talk about what we learn from conservatives . And I 'm at a stage in life where I 'm yearning for my old days , so I want to confess to you that when I was a kid , indeed , I was a conservative . I
1431We live in difficult and challenging economic times , of course . And one of the first victims of difficult economic times , I think , is public spending of any kind , but certainly in the firing line at the moment is public spending for science , and particularly
1432I 'm going to talk about the simple truth in leadership in the 21st century . In the 21st century , we need to actually look at — and what I 'm actually going to encourage you to consider today — is to go back to our school days when
1433Those of you who may remember me from TEDGlobal remember me asking a few questions which still preoccupy me . One of them was : Why is it necessary to spend six billion pounds speeding up the Eurostar train when , for about 10 percent of that money , you
1434One thing the world needs , one thing this country desperately needs is a better way of conducting our political debates . We need to rediscover the lost art of democratic argument . ( Applause ) If you think about the arguments we have , most of the time it
1435About a year ago , I asked myself a question : `` Knowing what I know , why am I not a vegetarian ? '' After all , I 'm one of the green guys : I grew up with hippie parents in a log cabin . I started a
1436I 'm going to begin by reciting a poem . `` Oh beloved dentist : Your rubber fingers in my mouth ... your voice so soft and muffled ... Lower the mask , dear dentist , lower the mask . '' ( Laughter ) Okay , in this presentation ,
1437When I was 10 years old , a cousin of mine took me on a tour of his medical school . And as a special treat , he took me to the pathology lab and took a real human brain out of the jar and placed it in my hands
1438Good afternoon . There 's a medical revolution happening all around us , and it 's one that 's going to help us conquer some of society 's most dreaded conditions , including cancer . The revolution is called angiogenesis , and it 's based on the process that our
1439In Africa we say , `` God gave the white man a watch and gave the black man time . '' ( Laughter ) I think , how is it possible for a man with so much time to tell his story in 18 minutes ? I think it will
1440I have a daughter , Mulan . And when she was eight , last year , she was doing a report for school or she had some homework about frogs . And we were at this restaurant , and she said , `` So , basically , frogs lay eggs
1441For the next few minutes we 're going to talk about energy , and it 's going to be a bit of a varied talk . I 'll try to spin a story about energy , and oil 's a convenient starting place . The talk will be broadly about
1442It 's a great pleasure to be here . It 's a great pleasure to speak after Brian Cox from CERN . I think CERN is the home of the Large Hadron Collider . What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider ? Where is the Small Hadron Collider ?
1443I would like to share with you this morning some stories about the ocean through my work as a still photographer for National Geographic magazine . I guess I became an underwater photographer and a photojournalist because I fell in love with the sea as a child . And I
1444( Music ) [ Sanskrit ] This is an ode to the mother goddess , that most of us in India learn when we are children . I learned it when I was four at my mother 's knee . That year she introduced me to dance , and thus
1445I heard this amazing story about Miuccia Prada . She 's an Italian fashion designer . She goes to this vintage store in Paris with a friend of hers . She 's rooting around , she finds this one jacket by Balenciaga — she loves it . She 's turning
1446Today , I want you to look at children who become suicide bombers through a completely different lens . In 2009 , there were 500 bomb blasts across Pakistan . I spent the year working with children who were training to become suicide bombers and with Taliban recruiters , trying
1447So , if you 're in the audience today , or maybe you 're watching this talk in some other time or place , you are a participant in the digital rights ecosystem . Whether you 're an artist , a technologist , a lawyer or a fan , the
1448This is the venue where , as a young man , some of the music that I wrote was first performed . It was , remarkably , a pretty good sounding room . With all the uneven walls and all the crap everywhere , it actually sounded pretty good .
1449Thank you so much . I 'm going to try to take you on a journey of the underwater acoustic world of whales and dolphins . Since we are such a visual species , it 's hard for us to really understand this , so I 'll use a mixture
1450I was here four years ago , and I remember , at the time , that the talks were n't put online . I think they were given to TEDsters in a box , a box set of DVDs , which they put on their shelves , where they are
1451Chris Anderson : We 're having a debate . The debate is over the proposition : `` What the world needs now is nuclear energy . '' True or false ? And before we have the debate , I 'd like to actually take a show of hands — on
1452We 're 25 , 26 years after the advent of the Macintosh , which was an astoundingly seminal event in the history of human-machine interface and in computation in general . It fundamentally changed the way that people thought about computation , thought about computers , how they used them
1453So , these are the Dark Ages . And the Dark Ages are the time between when you put away the Lego for the last time as a kid , and you decide as an adult that it is okay to play with a kid 's toy . Started out
1454Do you worry about what is going to kill you ? Heart disease , cancer , a car accident ? Most of us worry about things we ca n't control , like war , terrorism , the tragic earthquake that just occurred in Haiti . But what really threatens humanity
1455I would be willing to bet that I 'm the dumbest guy in the room because I could n't get through school . I struggled with school . But what I knew at a very early age was that I loved money and I loved business and I loved this
1456It can be a very complicated thing , the ocean . And it can be a very complicated thing , what human health is . And bringing those two together might seem a very daunting task , but what I 'm going to try to say is that even in
1457So since I was here last in '06 , we discovered that global climate change is turning out to be a pretty serious issue , so we covered that fairly extensively in Skeptic magazine . We investigate all kinds of scientific and quasi-scientific controversies , but it turns out we
1458We 're here today to announce the first synthetic cell , a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer , building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals , assembling that chromosome in yeast , transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell
1459The story starts in Kenya in December of 2007 , when there was a disputed presidential election , and in the immediate aftermath of that election , there was an outbreak of ethnic violence . And there was a lawyer in Nairobi , Ory Okolloh — who some of you
1460For me , this story begins about 15 years ago , when I was a hospice doctor at the University of Chicago . And I was taking care of people who were dying and their families in the South Side of Chicago . And I was observing what happened to
1461I 'm standing in front of you today in all humility , wanting to share with you my journey of the last six years in the field of service and education . And I 'm not a trained academic . Neither am I a veteran social worker . I was
1462First of all , I 'm a geek . I 'm an organic food-eating , carbon footprint-minimizing , robotic surgery geek . And I really want to build green , but I 'm very suspicious of all of these well-meaning articles , people long on moral authority and short on
1463In my industry , we believe that images can change the world . Okay , we 're naive , we 're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed . The truth is that we know that the images themselves do n't change the world , but we 're also aware that , since the
1464Hi , my name is Roz Savage and I row across oceans . Four years ago , I rowed solo across the Atlantic , and since then , I 've done two out of three stages across the Pacific , from San Francisco to Hawaii and from Hawaii to Kiribati
1465Let 's pretend right here we have a machine . A big machine , a cool , TED-ish machine , and it 's a time machine . And everyone in this room has to get into it . And you can go backwards , you can go forwards ; you
1466Now , I want to start with a question : When was the last time you were called `` childish '' ? For kids like me , being called childish can be a frequent occurrence . Every time we make irrational demands , exhibit irresponsible behavior , or display any
1467`` People do stupid things . That 's what spreads HIV . '' This was a headline in a U.K. newspaper , The Guardian , not that long ago . I 'm curious , show of hands , who agrees with it ? Well , one or two brave souls
1468So , the first robot to talk about is called STriDER . It stands for Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot . It 's a robot that has three legs , which is inspired by nature . But have you seen anything in nature , an animal that has three legs
1469You know for me , the interest in contemporary forms of slavery started with a leaflet that I picked up in London . It was the early '90s , and I was at a public event . I saw this leaflet and it said , `` There are millions of
1470So I want to talk today about an idea . It 's a big idea . Actually , I think it 'll eventually be seen as probably the single biggest idea that 's emerged in the past century . It 's the idea of computation . Now , of course
1471Thank you . I have two missions here today . The first is to tell you something about pollen , I hope , and to convince you that it 's more than just something that gets up your nose . And , secondly , to convince you that every home
1472In the spirit of Jacques Cousteau , who said , `` People protect what they love , '' I want to share with you today what I love most in the ocean , and that 's the incredible number and variety of animals in it that make light . My
1473I 'm an ecologist , mostly a coral reef ecologist . I started out in Chesapeake Bay and went diving in the winter and became a tropical ecologist overnight . And it was really a lot of fun for about 10 years . I mean , somebody pays you to
1474I 've been playing TED for nearly a decade , and I 've very rarely played any new songs of my own . And that was largely because there were n't any . ( Laughter ) So I 've been busy with a couple of projects , and one of
1475How do you explain when things do n't go as we assume ? Or better , how do you explain when others are able to achieve things that seem to defy all of the assumptions ? For example : Why is Apple so innovative ? Year after year , after
1476Salaam . Namaskar . Good morning . Given my TED profile , you might be expecting that I 'm going to speak to you about the latest philanthropic trends — the one that 's currently got Wall Street and the World Bank buzzing — how to invest in women ,
1477I bring to you a message from tens of thousands of people — in the villages , in the slums , in the hinterland of the country — who have solved problems through their own genius , without any outside help . When our home minister announces a few weeks
1478I 'm going to tell you two things today : One is what we have lost , and two , a way to bring it back . And let me start with this . This is my baseline : This is the Mediterranean coast with no fish , bare rock
1479We are drowning in news . Reuters alone puts out three and a half million news stories a year . That 's just one source . My question is : How many of those stories are actually going to matter in the long run ? That 's the idea behind
1480The brilliant playwright , Adrienne Kennedy , wrote a volume called `` People Who Led to My Plays . '' And if I were to write a volume , it would be called , `` Artists Who Have Led My Exhibitions '' because my work , in understanding art and
1481It 's not about technology , it 's about people and stories . I could show you what recently was on television as a high quality video : 60 Minutes , many of you may have seen it . And it was the now director of the entire piece of
1482One of the things that defines a TEDster is you 've taken your passion , and you 've turned it into stewardship . You actually put action to the issues you care about . But what you 're going to find eventually is you may need to actually get elected
1483If you go on the TED website , you can currently find there over a full week of TEDTalk videos , over 1.3 million words of transcripts and millions of user ratings . And that 's a huge amount of data . And it got me wondering : If you
1484Can I ask you to please recall a time when you really loved something — a movie , an album , a song or a book — and you recommended it wholeheartedly to someone you also really liked , and you anticipated that reaction , you waited for it ,
1485So here it is . You can check : I am short , I 'm French , I have a pretty strong French accent , so that 's going to be clear in a moment . Maybe a sobering thought and something you all know about . And I suspect
1486The greatest irony in global health is that the poorest countries carry the largest disease burden . If we resize the countries of the globe in proportion to the subject of interest , we see that Sub-Saharan Africa is the worst hit region by HIV/AIDS . This is the most
1487Illegal wildlife trade in Brazil is one of the major threats against our fauna , especially birds , and mainly to supply the pet market with thousands of animals taken from nature every month , and transported far from their origins , to be sold mainly in Rio de Janeiro
1488I 'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago while writing an article for Italian Wired . I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I 'm writing anything , but I 'd already finished editing the piece , and I realized that I
1489Everybody talks about happiness these days . I had somebody count the number of books with `` happiness '' in the title published in the last five years and they gave up after about 40 , and there were many more . There is a huge wave of interest in
1490Last year here at TED I asked you to give me your data , to put your data on the web , on the basis that if people put data onto the web — government data , scientific data , community data , whatever it is — it will be
1491If you think about the phone — and Intel has tested a lot of the things I 'm going to show you , over the last 10 years , in about 600 elderly households — 300 in Ireland , and 300 in Portland — trying to understand : How do
1492I 'm going to talk today about energy and climate . And that might seem a bit surprising because my full-time work at the Foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds , about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better
1493OK. We 've heard a lot of people speak at this conference about the power of the human mind . And what I 'd like to do today is give you a vivid example of how that power can be unleashed when someone is in a survival situation , how
1494So , I 've known a lot of fish in my life . I 've loved only two . That first one , it was more like a passionate affair . It was a beautiful fish : flavorful , textured , meaty , a bestseller on the menu . What
1495I have a vision for each one of you , and the vision I have for you is that when you wake up in the morning , your blood is singing at the thought of being who you are and doing what you do ; that as you go through
1496Sadly , in the next 18 minutes when I do our chat , four Americans that are alive will be dead through the food that they eat . My name 's Jamie Oliver . I 'm 34 years old . I 'm from Essex in England and for the last
1497I think I 'll start out and just talk a little bit about what exactly autism is . Autism is a very big continuum that goes from very severe — the child remains nonverbal — all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers . And I actually feel at
1498For some time I have been interested in the placebo effect , which might seem like an odd thing for a magician to be interested in , unless you think of it in the terms that I do , which is , `` Something fake is believed in enough by
1499I think it was in my second grade that I was caught drawing the bust of a nude by Michelangelo . I was sent straight away to my school principal , and my school principal , a sweet nun , looked at my book with disgust , flipped through the
1500I 'm going to speak today about the relationship between science and human values . Now , it 's generally understood that questions of morality — questions of good and evil and right and wrong — are questions about which science officially has no opinion . It 's thought that
1501I am going to speak about corruption , but I would like to juxtapose two different things . One is the large global economy , the large globalized economy , and the other one is the small , and very limited , capacity of our traditional governments and their international
1502I grew up on a steady diet of science fiction . In high school , I took a bus to school an hour each way every day . And I was always absorbed in a book , science fiction book , which took my mind to other worlds , and
1503I 've always been interested in the relationship of formal structures and human behavior . If you build a wide road out to the outskirts of town , people will move there . Well , law is also a powerful driver of human behavior . And what I 'd like
1504Someone once said that politics is , of course , `` showbiz for ugly people . '' So , on that basis , I feel like I 've really arrived . The other thing to think of is what an honor it is , as a politician , to give
1505If I can leave you with one big idea today , it 's that the whole of the data in which we consume is greater that the sum of the parts , and instead of thinking about information overload , what I 'd like you to think about is how
1506I only have three minutes so I 'm going to have to talk fast , and it will use up your spare mental cycles , so multitasking may be hard . So , 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket that got me thinking . I 've had some
1507About a year and a half ago , Stephen Lawler , who also gave a talk here at TED in 2007 on Virtual Earth , brought me over to become the architect of Bing Maps , which is Microsoft 's online-mapping effort . In the past two and a half
1508If you are a blind child in India , you will very likely have to contend with at least two big pieces of bad news . The first bad news is that the chances of getting treatment are extremely slim to none , and that 's because most of the
1509So , what I 'm going to do is just give you the latest episode of India 's — maybe the world 's — longest running soap opera , which is cricket . And may it run forever , because it gives people like me a living . It 's
1510So , basically we have public leaders , public officials who are out of control ; they are writing bills that are unintelligible , and out of these bills are going to come maybe 40,000 pages of regulations , total complexity , which has a dramatically negative impact on our
1511( Music ) ( Applause ) I 'm Jon M. Chu . And I 'm not a dancer , I 'm not a choreographer — I 'm actually a filmmaker , a storyteller . I directed a movie two years ago called `` Step Up 2 : The Streets .
1512I want to talk about 4.6 billion years of history in 18 minutes . That 's 300 million years per minute . Let 's start with the first photograph NASA obtained of planet Mars . This is fly-by , Mariner IV . It was taken in 1965 . When this
1513One day , Los Angeles Times columnist Steve Lopez was walking along the streets of downtown Los Angeles when he heard beautiful music . And the source was a man , an African-American man , charming , rugged , homeless , playing a violin that only had two strings .
1514So , I was just asked to go and shoot this film called `` Elizabeth . '' And we 're all talking about this great English icon and saying , `` She 's a fantastic woman , she does everything . How are we going to introduce her ? ''
1515I 'm going to talk to you today about my work on suspended animation . Now , usually when I mention suspended animation , people will flash me the Vulcan sign and laugh . But now , I 'm not talking about gorking people out to fly to Mars or
1516Does anybody know when the stethoscope was invented ? Any guesses ? 1816 . And what I can say is , in 2016 , doctors are n't going to be walking around with stethoscopes . There 's a whole lot better technology coming , and that 's part of the
1517I want to talk about my investigations into what technology means in our lives — not just our immediate life , but in the cosmic sense , in the kind of long history of the world and our place in the world : What is this stuff ? What is
1518I 'm Jane McGonigal . I 'm a game designer . I 've been making games online now for 10 years , and my goal for the next decade is to try to make it as easy to save the world in real life as it is to save the
1519So , imagine you 're standing on a street anywhere in America and a Japanese man comes up to you and says , '' Excuse me , what is the name of this block ? '' And you say , `` I 'm sorry , well , this is Oak
1520Contagious is a good word . Even in the times of H1N1 , I like the word . Laughter is contagious . Passion is contagious . Inspiration is contagious . We 've heard some remarkable stories from some remarkable speakers . But for me , what was contagious about all
1521This is actually a painting that hangs at the Countway Library at Harvard Medical School . And it shows the first time an organ was ever transplanted . In the front , you see , actually , Joe Murray getting the patient ready for the transplant , while in the
1522I want you to put off your preconceptions , your preconceived fears and thoughts about reptiles . Because that is the only way I 'm going to get my story across to you . And by the way , if I come across as a sort of rabid , hippie
1523The anger in me against corruption made me to make a big career change last year , becoming a full-time practicing lawyer . My experiences over the last 18 months , as a lawyer , has seeded in me a new entrepreneurial idea , which I believe is indeed worth
1524I 'm going to speak to you today about architectural agency . What I mean by that is that it 's time for architecture to do things again , not just represent things . This is a construction helmet that I received two years ago at the groundbreaking of the
1525Well , I learned a lot of things about ballooning , especially at the end of these balloon flights around the world I did with Brian Jones . When I took this picture , the window was frozen because of the moisture of the night . And on the other
1526Something called the Danish Twin Study established that only about 10 percent of how long the average person lives , within certain biological limits , is dictated by our genes . The other 90 percent is dictated by our lifestyle . So the premise of Blue Zones : if we
1527I 'd like to talk to you today about the human brain , which is what we do research on at the University of California . Just think about this problem for a second . Here is a lump of flesh , about three pounds , which you can hold
1528Namaste . Salaam . Shalom . Sat Sri Akal . Greetings to all of you from Pakistan . It is often said that we fear that which we do not know . And Pakistan , in this particular vein , is very similar . Because it has provoked , and
1529The problem that I want to talk with you about is really the problem of : How does one supply healthcare in a world in which cost is everything ? How do you do that ? And the basic paradigm we want to suggest to you , I want to
1530John Hockenberry : It 's great to be here with you , Tom . And I want to start with a question that has just been consuming me since I first became familiar with your work . In you work there 's always this kind of hybrid quality of a
1531Namaste . Good morning . I 'm very happy to be here in India . And I 've been thinking a lot about what I have learned over these last particularly 11 years with V-Day and `` The Vagina Monologues , '' traveling the world , essentially meeting with women
1532In 2008 , Cyclone Nargis devastated Myanmar . Millions of people were in severe need of help . The U.N. wanted to rush people and supplies to the area . But there were no maps , no maps of roads , no maps showing hospitals , no way for help
1533Right now is the most exciting time to see new Indian art . Contemporary artists in India are having a conversation with the world like never before . I thought it might be interesting , even for the many long-time collectors here with us at TED , local collectors ,
1534The key question is , `` When are we going to get fusion ? '' It 's really been a long time since we 've known about fusion . We 've known about fusion since 1920 , when Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington and the British Association for the Advancement of
1535As a researcher , every once in a while you encounter something a little disconcerting . And this is something that changes your understanding of the world around you , and teaches you that you 're very wrong about something that you really believed firmly in . And these are
1536Please close your eyes , and open your hands . Now imagine what you could place in your hands : an apple , maybe your wallet . Now open your eyes . What about a life ? What you see here is a premature baby . He looks like he
1537I 'm a cancer doctor , and I walked out of my office and walked by the pharmacy in the hospital three or four years ago , and this was the cover of Fortune magazine sitting in the window of the pharmacy . And so , as a cancer doctor
1538Can geographic information make you healthy ? In 2001 I got hit by a train . My train was a heart attack . I found myself in a hospital in an intensive-care ward , recuperating from emergency surgery . And I suddenly realized something : that I was completely in
1539Hi . For those of you who have n't seen dancing bears , these are the dancing bears . In 1995 , we started working on a two-year investigative research project to try and find out what was going on . Because the sloth bears in the wild were obviously
1540As a magician , I try to create images that make people stop and think . I also try to challenge myself to do things that doctors say are not possible . I was buried alive in New York City in a coffin , buried alive in a coffin in
1541Good morning . I 've come here to share with you an experiment of how to get rid of one form of human suffering . It really is a story of Dr. Venkataswamy . His mission and his message is about the Aravind Eye Care System . I think first
1542On the 30th of May , 1832 , a gunshot was heard ringing out across the 13th arrondissement in Paris . ( Gunshot ) A peasant , who was walking to market that morning , ran towards where the gunshot had come from , and found a young man writhing
1543I 'm going to talk about some of my discoveries around the world through my work . These are not discoveries of planets or new technologies or science . They 're discoveries of people and the way people are , and new leadership . This is Benki . Benki is
1544As technology progresses , and as it advances , many of us assume that these advances make us more intelligent , make us smarter and more connected to the world . And what I 'd like to argue is that that 's not necessarily the case , as progress is
1545I started my journey 30 years ago . And I worked in mines . And I realized that this was a world unseen . And I wanted , through color and large format cameras and very large prints , to make a body of work that somehow became symbols of
1546The future , as we know it , is very unpredictable . The best minds in the best institutions generally get it wrong . This is in technology . This is in the area of politics , where pundits , the CIA , MI6 always get it wrong . And
1547How do you observe something you ca n't see ? This is the basic question of somebody who 's interested in finding and studying black holes . Because black holes are objects whose pull of gravity is so intense that nothing can escape it , not even light , so
1548One morning , in the year 1957 , the neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield saw himself like this , a weird freak with huge hands , huge mouth , and a tiny bottom . Actually this creature is the result of the Penfield research . He named it homunculus . Basically the
1549As an Indian , and now as a politician and a government minister , I 've become rather concerned about the hype we 're hearing about our own country , all this talk about India becoming a world leader , even the next superpower . In fact , the American
1550It 's a bit funny to be at a conference dedicated to things not seen , and present my proposal to build a 6,000-kilometer-long wall across the entire African continent . About the size of the Great Wall of China , this would hardly be an invisible structure . And
1551I 'd like to ask you , what do these three people have in common ? Well , you probably recognize the first person . I 'm sure you 're all avid `` American Idol '' watchers . But you might not recognize Aydah Al Jahani , who is a
1552A few years ago , my eyes were opened to the dark side of the construction industry . In 2006 , young Qatari students took me to go and see the migrant worker camps . And since then I 've followed the unfolding issue of worker rights . In the
1553The National Portrait Gallery is the place dedicated to presenting great American lives , amazing people . And that 's what it 's about . We use portraiture as a way to deliver those lives , but that 's it . And so I 'm not going to talk about
1554Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read a newspaper article which said that one day syringes would be one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS , the transmission of AIDS . I thought this was unacceptable . So I decided to do something about it . Sadly , it
1555My name is Ryan Lobo , and I 've been involved in the documentary filmmaking business all over the world for the last 10 years . During the process of making these films I found myself taking photographs , often much to the annoyance of the video cameramen . I
1556Chris Anderson : Thank you so much , Prime Minister , that was both fascinating and quite inspiring . So , you 're calling for a global ethic . Would you describe that as global citizenship ? Is that an idea that you believe in , and how would you
1557I 'm a writer and a journalist , and I 'm also an insanely curious person , so in 22 years as a journalist , I 've learned how to do a lot of new things . And three years ago , one of the things I learned how to
1558I 'm going to show you how terrorism actually interacts with our daily life . 15 years ago I received a phone call from a friend . At the time he was looking after the rights of political prisoners in Italian jails . He asked me if I wanted to
1559We grew up interacting with the physical objects around us . There are an enormous number of them that we use every day . Unlike most of our computing devices , these objects are much more fun to use . When you talk about objects , one other thing automatically
1560For the last 20 years I 've been designing puzzles . And I 'm here today to give you a little tour , starting from the very first puzzle I designed , through what I 'm doing now . I 've designed puzzles for books , printed things . I
1561I 'm sure that , throughout the hundred-thousand-odd years of our species ' existence , and even before , our ancestors looked up at the night sky , and wondered what stars are . Wondering , therefore , how to explain what they saw in terms of things unseen .
1562Metaphor lives a secret life all around us . We utter about six metaphors a minute . Metaphorical thinking is essential to how we understand ourselves and others , how we communicate , learn , discover and invent . But metaphor is a way of thought before it is a
1563All buildings today have something in common . They 're made using Victorian technologies . This involves blueprints , industrial manufacturing and construction using teams of workers . All of this effort results in an inert object . And that means that there is a one-way transfer of energy from
1564Chris has been so nice . I do n't know how you keep it up , Chris , I really do n't . So nice , all week . He 's the kind of man you could say to , `` Chris , I 'm really sorry , I 've
1565I believe that there are new , hidden tensions that are actually happening between people and institutions — institutions that are the institutions that people inhabit in their daily life : schools , hospitals , workplaces , factories , offices , etc . And something that I see happening is
1566For emotions , we should not move quickly to the desert . So , first , a small housekeeping announcement : please switch off your proper English check programs installed in your brain . ( Applause ) So , welcome to the Golden Desert , Indian desert . It receives
1567As a culture , we tell ourselves lots of stories about the future , and where we might move forward from this point . Some of those stories are that somebody is just going to sort everything out for us . Other stories are that everything is on the verge
1568I 'm talking to you about the worst form of human rights violation , the third-largest organized crime , a $ 10 billion industry . I 'm talking to you about modern-day slavery . I 'd like to tell you the story of these three children , Pranitha , Shaheen
1569I 'd like to talk to you today about the scale of the scientific effort that goes into making the headlines you see in the paper . Headlines that look like this when they have to do with climate change , and headlines that look like this when they have
1570There are a lot of web 2.0 consultants who make a lot of money . In fact , they make their living on this stuff . I 'm going to try to save you all the time and money and go through it in the next three minutes , so
1571I 'd like to talk a little bit this morning about what happens if we move from design to design thinking . Now this rather old photo up there is actually the first project I was ever hired to do , something like 25 years ago . It 's a
1572It 's hard to believe that it 's less than a year since the extraordinary moment when the finance , the credit , which drives our economies froze . A massive cardiac arrest . The effect , the payback , perhaps , for years of vampire predators like Bernie Madoff
1573What we 're really here to talk about is the `` how . '' Okay , so how exactly do we create this world-shattering , if you will , innovation ? Now , I want to tell you a quick story . We 'll go back a little more than
1574How do you feed a city ? It 's one of the great questions of our time . Yet it 's one that 's rarely asked . We take it for granted that if we go into a shop or restaurant , or indeed into this theater 's foyer in
1575For years I 've been feeling frustrated , because as a religious historian , I 've become acutely aware of the centrality of compassion in all the major world faiths . Every single one of them has evolved their own version of what 's been called the Golden Rule .
1576Today I want to talk to you about swimming across the North Pole , across the most northern place in the whole world . And perhaps the best place to start is with my late father . He was a great storyteller . He could tell a story about an
1577These are grim economic times , fellow TEDsters , grim economic times indeed . And so , I would like to cheer you up with one of the great , albeit largely unknown , commercial success stories of the past 20 years . Comparable , in its own very peculiar
1578Good morning . I think , as a grumpy Eastern European , I was brought in to play the pessimist this morning . So bear with me . Well , I come from the former Soviet Republic of Belarus , which , as some of you may know , is
1579I 'm going to tell you about one of the world 's largest problems and how it can be solved . I 'd like to start with a little experiment . Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses , or you 've had laser
1580We see with the eyes , but we see with the brain as well . And seeing with the brain is often called imagination . And we are familiar with the landscapes of our own imagination , our inscapes . We 've lived with them all our lives . But
1581Over the next five minutes , my intention is to transform your relationship with sound . Let me start with the observation that most of the sound around us is accidental , and much of it is unpleasant . ( Traffic noise ) We stand on street corners , shouting
1582I want to start with a game . Okay ? And to win this game , all you have to do is see the reality that 's in front of you as it really is , all right ? So we have two panels here , of colored dots .
1583Okay , so 90 percent of my photographic process is , in fact , not photographic . It involves a campaign of letter writing , research and phone calls to access my subjects , which can range from Hamas leaders in Gaza to a hibernating black bear in its cave
1584So the question is , what is invisible ? There is more of it than you think , actually . Everything , I would say . Everything that matters except every thing and except matter . We can see matter . But we ca n't see what 's the matter
1585Thank you . Two years ago , I stood on the TED stage in Arusha , Tanzania . I spoke very briefly about one of my proudest creations . It was a simple machine that changed my life . Before that time , I had never been away from my
1586My name is Jonathan Zittrain , and in my recent work I 've been a bit of a pessimist . So I thought this morning I would try to be the optimist , and give reason to hope for the future of the Internet by drawing upon its present .
1587This is my first time at TED . Normally , as an advertising man , I actually speak at TED Evil , which is TED 's secret sister that pays all the bills . It 's held every two years in Burma . And I particularly remember a really good
1588I have a very difficult task . I 'm a spectroscopist . I have to talk about astronomy without showing you any single image of nebulae or galaxies , etc . because my job is spectroscopy . I never deal with images . But I 'll try to convince you
1589The public debate about architecture quite often just stays on contemplating the final result , the architectural object . Is the latest tower in London a gherkin or a sausage or a sex tool ? So recently , we asked ourselves if we could invent a format that could actually
1590I 'm Dr. David Hanson , and I build robots with character . And by that , I mean that I develop robots that are characters , but also robots that will eventually come to empathize with you . So we 're starting with a variety of technologies that have
1591Clearly , we 're living in a moment of crisis . Arguably the financial markets have failed us and the aid system is failing us , and yet I stand firmly with the optimists who believe that there has probably never been a more exciting moment to be alive .
1592One of the biggest challenges in computer graphics has been being able to create a photo-real , digital human face . And one of the reasons it is so difficult is that , unlike aliens and dinosaurs , we look at human faces every day . They are very important
1593So , I am indeed going to talk about the spaces men create for themselves , but first I want to tell you why I 'm here . I 'm here for two reasons . These two guys are my two sons Ford and Wren . When Ford was about
1594Our mission is to build a detailed , realistic computer model of the human brain . And we 've done , in the past four years , a proof of concept on a small part of the rodent brain , and with this proof of concept we are now scaling
1595I run a design studio in New York . Every seven years , I close it for one year to pursue some little experiments , things that are always difficult to accomplish during the regular working year . In that year , we are not available for any of our
1596The substance of things unseen . Cities , past and future . In Oxford , perhaps we can use Lewis Carroll and look in the looking glass that is New York City to try and see our true selves , or perhaps pass through to another world . Or ,
1597I 'm a creative technologist and the focus of my work is on public installations . One of my driving passions is this idea of exploring nature , and trying to find hidden data within nature . It seems to me that there is this latent potential everywhere , all
1598I 'm a storyteller . And I would like to tell you a few personal stories about what I like to call `` the danger of the single story . '' I grew up on a university campus in eastern Nigeria . My mother says that I started reading at
1599Today I 'm going to talk to you about the problem of other minds . And the problem I 'm going to talk about is not the familiar one from philosophy , which is , `` How can we know whether other people have minds ? '' That is ,
1600Do we live in a borderless world ? Before you answer that , have a look at this map . Contemporary political map shows that we have over 200 countries in the world today . That 's probably more than at any time in centuries . Now , many of
1601I normally teach courses on how to rebuild states after war . But today I 've got a personal story to share with you . This is a picture of my family , my four siblings — my mom and I — taken in 1977 . And we 're actually
1602Because of what I 'm about to say , I really should establish my green credentials . When I was a small boy , I took my pledge as an American , to save and faithfully defend from waste the natural resources of my country , its air , soil
1603I want to help you re-perceive what philanthropy is , what it could be , and what your relationship to it is . And in doing that , I want to offer you a vision , an imagined future , if you will , of how , as the poet
1604Early visions of wireless power actually were thought of by Nikola Tesla basically about 100 years ago . The thought that you would n't want to transfer electric power wirelessly , no one ever thought of that . They thought , `` Who would use it if you did n't
1605Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify the overwhelming complexity and richness that we experience at the conference in a project called Big Viz . And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual artists . David Sibbet from The
1606If I could reveal anything that is hidden from us , at least in modern cultures , it would be to reveal something that we 've forgotten , that we used to know as well as we knew our own names . And that is that we live in a
1607I 'm going to talk about your mindset . Does your mindset correspond to my dataset ? ( Laughter ) If not , one or the other needs upgrading , is n't it ? When I talk to my students about global issues , and I listen to them in
1608Good morning everybody . I 'd like to talk about a couple of things today . The first thing is water . Now I see you 've all been enjoying the water that 's been provided for you here at the conference , over the past couple of days .
1609For me they normally happen , these career crises , often , actually , on a Sunday evening , just as the sun is starting to set , and the gap between my hopes for myself and the reality of my life starts to diverge so painfully that I normally
1610A month ago today I stood there : 90 degrees south , the top of the bottom of the world , the Geographic South Pole . And I stood there beside two very good friends of mine , Richard Weber and Kevin Vallely . Together we had just broken the
1611I want to talk about the transformed media landscape , and what it means for anybody who has a message that they want to get out to anywhere in the world . And I want to illustrate that by telling a couple of stories about that transformation . I 'll
1612I love theater . I love the idea that you can transform , become somebody else and look at life with a completely new perspective . I love the idea that people will sit in one room for a couple of hours and listen . The idea that in that
1613Hello ! My name is Golan Levin . I 'm an artist and an engineer , which is , increasingly , a more common kind of hybrid . But I still fall into this weird crack where people do n't seem to understand me . And I was looking around
1614Charles and Ray were a team . They were husband and wife . Despite the New York Times ' and Vanity Fair 's best efforts recently , they 're not brothers . ( Laughter ) And they were a lot of fun . You know , Ray was the one
1615I 'm going to talk about post-conflict recovery and how we might do post-conflict recovery better . The record on post-conflict recovery is not very impressive . 40 percent of all post-conflict situations , historically , have reverted back to conflict within a decade . In fact , they 've
1616My journey to coming here today started in 1974 . That 's me with the funny gloves . I was 17 and going on a peace walk . What I did n't know though , was most of those people , standing there with me , were Moonies . (
1617Can I say how delighted I am to be away from the calm of Westminster and Whitehall ? ( Laughter ) This is Kim , a nine-year-old Vietnam girl , her back ruined by napalm , and she awakened the conscience of the nation of America to begin to end
1618So I am a pediatric cancer doctor and stem-cell researcher at Stanford University where my clinical focus has been bone marrow transplantation . Now , inspired by Jill Bolte Taylor last year , I did n't bring a human brain , but I did bring a liter of bone marrow
1619Take a look at this picture . It poses a very fascinating puzzle for us . These African students are doing their homework under streetlights at the airport in the capital city because they do n't have any electricity at home . Now , I have n't met these particular
1620I 'm a neuroscientist , a professor at the University of California . And over the past 35 years , I 've studied behavior on the basis of everything from genes through neurotransmitters , dopamine , things like that , all the way through circuit analysis . So that 's
1621Why do so many people reach success and then fail ? One of the big reasons is , we think success is a one-way street . So we do everything that leads up to success , but then we get there . We figure we 've made it , we
1622This is the exact moment that I started creating something called Tinkering School . Tinkering School is a place where kids can pick up sticks and hammers and other dangerous objects , and be trusted . Trusted not to hurt themselves , and trusted not to hurt others . Tinkering
1623I have had the distinct pleasure of living inside two biospheres . Of course we all here in this room live in Biosphere 1 . I 've also lived in Biosphere 2 . And the wonderful thing about that is that I get to compare biospheres . And hopefully from
1624Interestingly , Charles Darwin was born a very lightly pigmented man , in a moderately-to-darkly pigmented world . Over the course of his life , Darwin had great privilege . He lived in a fairly wealthy home . He was raised by very supportive and interested parents . And when
1625There 's an old saying , `` Just because you ca n't see something , does n't mean it 's not there . '' My work is — it 's a reflection of myself . What I wanted to do is to show the world that the little things can
1626I 'll start with my favorite muse , Emily Dickinson , who said that wonder is not knowledge , neither is it ignorance . It 's something which is suspended between what we believe we can be , and a tradition we may have forgotten . And I think ,
1627I have a studio in Berlin — let me cue on here — which is down there in this snow , just last weekend . In the studio we do a lot of experiments . I would consider the studio more like a laboratory . I have occasional meetings with
1628I 've been fascinated with crop diversity for about 35 years from now , ever since I stumbled across a fairly obscure academic article by a guy named Jack Harlan . And he described the diversity within crops — all the different kinds of wheat and rice and such —
1629A talk about surgical robots is also a talk about surgery . And while I 've tried to make my images not too graphic , keep in mind that surgeons have a different relationship with blood than normal people do , because , after all , what a surgeon does
1630Now , if President Obama invited me to be the next Czar of Mathematics , then I would have a suggestion for him that I think would vastly improve the mathematics education in this country . And it would be easy to implement and inexpensive . The mathematics curriculum that
1631I need to make a confession at the outset here . A little over 20 years ago , I did something that I regret , something that I 'm not particularly proud of . Something that , in many ways , I wish no one would ever know , but
1632So it was about four years ago , five years ago , I was sitting on a stage in Philadelphia , I think it was , with a bag similar to this . And I was pulling a molecule out of this bag . And I was saying , you
1633Well , this is 2009 . And it 's the Bicentenary of Charles Darwin . And all over the world , eminent evolutionists are anxious to celebrate this . And what they 're planning to do is to enlighten us on almost every aspect of Darwin and his life ,
1634I want to share with you some ideas about the secret power of time , in a very short time . Video : All right , start the clock please . 30 seconds studio . Keep it quiet please . Settle down . It 's about time . End sequence
1635Last year at TED I gave an introduction to the LHC . And I promised to come back and give you an update on how that machine worked . So this is it . And for those of you that were n't there , the LHC is the largest scientific
1636This machine , which we all have residing in our skulls , reminds me of an aphorism , of a comment of Woody Allen to ask about what is the very best thing to have within your skull . And it 's this machine . And it 's constructed for
1637Believe me or not , I come offering a solution to a very important part of this larger problem , with the requisite focus on climate . And the solution I offer is to the biggest culprit in this massive mistreatment of the earth by humankind , and the resulting
1638Let me share with you today an original discovery . But I want to tell it to you the way it really happened — not the way I present it in a scientific meeting , or the way you 'd read it in a scientific paper . It 's a
1639I 'm going to read a few strips . These are , most of these are from a monthly page I do in and architecture and design magazine called Metropolis . And the first story is called `` The Faulty Switch . '' Another beautifully designed new building ruined by
1640I was thinking about my place in the universe , and about my first thought about what infinity might mean , when I was a child . And I thought that if time could reach forwards and backwards infinitely , does n't that mean that every point in time is
1641So the first question is , why do we need to even worry about a pandemic threat ? What is it that we 're concerned about ? When I say `` we , '' I 'm at the Council on Foreign Relations . We 're concerned in the national security
1642Let 's talk about manias . Let 's start with Beatlemania . ( Recording of crowd roaring ) Hysterical teenagers , crying , screaming , pandemonium . ( Recording of crowd roaring ) Sports mania : deafening crowds , all for one idea — get the ball in the net
1643I 'll tell you a little bit about irrational behavior . Not yours , of course — other people 's . ( Laughter ) So after being at MIT for a few years , I realized that writing academic papers is not that exciting . You know , I do
1644( Applause ) AIDS was discovered 1981 ; the virus , 1983 . These Gapminder bubbles show you how the spread of the virus was in 1983 in the world , or how we estimate that it was . What we are showing here is — on this axis here
1645I have a big impact on the planet to travel here by plane . I emitted , in the atmosphere , nine tons of CO2 ; that is the weight of two elephants . I came here to speak about ecology , and I emitted as much CO2 as a
1646The first half of the 20th century was an absolute disaster in human affairs , a cataclysm . We had the First World War , the Great Depression , the Second World War and the rise of the communist nations . And each one of these forces split the world
1647What 's happening to the climate ? It is unbelievably bad . This is , obviously , that famous view now of the Arctic , which is likely to be gone at this point in the next three or four or five years . Very , very , very scary
1648This is called Hooked on a Feeling : The Pursuit of Happiness and Human Design . I put up a somewhat dour Darwin , but a very happy chimp up there . My first point is that the pursuit of happiness is obligatory . Man wishes to be happy ,
1649College presidents are not the first people who come to mind when the subject is the uses of the creative imagination . So I thought I 'd start by telling you how I got here . The story begins in the late '90s . I was invited to meet with
1650This is my first trip , my first foreign trip as a first lady . Can you believe that ? ( Applause ) And while this is not my first visit to the U.K. , I have to say that I am glad that this is my first official visit
1651Alright . I 'm going to show you a couple of images from a very diverting paper in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine . I 'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper ever published in The Journal of
1652What I want to do today is to spend some time talking about some stuff that 's sort of giving me a little bit of existential angst , for lack of a better word , over the past couple of years , and basically , these three quotes tell what
1653I should tell you that when I was asked to be here , I thought to myself that well , it 's TED . And these TEDsters are — you know , as innocent as that name sounds — these are the philanthropists and artists and scientists who sort of
1654All human life , all life , depends on plants . Let me try to convince you of that in a few seconds . Just think for a moment . It does n't matter whether you live in a small African village , or you live in a big city
1655This is a sculpture I made , which is a way of , kind of , freeing a form into an object that has different degrees of freedom . So , it can balance on a point . This is a bronze ball , an aluminum arm here , and
1656Information technology grows in an exponential manner . It 's not linear . And our intuition is linear . When we walked through the savanna a thousand years ago we made linear predictions where that animal would be , and that worked fine . It 's hardwired in our brains
1657I 'm not at all a cook . So do n't fear , this is not going to be a cooking demonstration . But I do want to talk to you about something that I think is dear to all of us . And that is bread — something which
1658We look around the media , as we see on the news from Iraq , Afghanistan , Sierra Leone , and the conflict seems incomprehensible to us . And that 's certainly how it seemed to me when I started this project . But as a physicist , I thought
1659I 'm here because I have a very important message : I think we have found the most important factor for success . And it was found close to here , Stanford . Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by
1660Let me talk about India through the evolution of ideas . Now I believe this is an interesting way of looking at it because in every society , especially an open democratic society , it 's only when ideas take root that things change . Slowly ideas lead to ideology
1661So I 'm here to tell you a story of success from Africa . A year and a half ago , four of the five people who are full time members at Ushahidi , which means `` testimony '' in Swahili , were TED Fellows . A year ago in
1662I used to be a Malthusian . This was my mental model of the world : exploding population , small planet ; it 's going to lead to ugly things . But I 'm moving past Malthus , because I think that we just might be about 150 years from
1663Forrest North : The beginning of any collaboration starts with a conversation . And I would like to share with you some of the bits of the conversation that we started with . I grew up in a log cabin in Washington state with too much time on my hands
1664So sometimes I get invited to give weird talks . I got invited to speak to the people who dress up in big stuffed animal costumes to perform at sporting events . Unfortunately I could n't go . But it got me thinking about the fact that these guys ,
1665Last year I showed these two slides so that demonstrate that the arctic ice cap , which for most of the last three million years has been the size of the lower 48 states , has shrunk by 40 percent . But this understates the seriousness of this particular problem
1666Two years ago here at TED I reported that we had discovered at Saturn , with the Cassini Spacecraft , an anomalously warm and geologically active region at the southern tip of the small Saturnine moon Enceladus , seen here . This region seen here for the first time in
1667This is a world-changing invention . The smoke alarm has saved perhaps hundreds of thousands of lives , worldwide . But smoke alarms do n't prevent fires . Every year in the USA , over 20,000 are killed or injured with 350,000 home fires . And one of the main
1668`` The Better Man . '' I was the better at getting and keeping . You were the better at spend and spend ; I was the better at grubbing and heaping , But who was the better man in the end ? Yes , who was the better man
1669So how would you run a whole country without oil ? That 's the question that sort of hit me in the middle of a Davos afternoon about four years ago . It never left my brain . And I started playing with it more like a puzzle . The
1670I want to talk to you today a little bit about predictable irrationality . And my interest in irrational behavior started many years ago in the hospital . I was burned very badly . And if you spend a lot of time in hospital , you 'll see a lot
1671I started with paragliding . Paragliding is taking off from mountains with a paraglider , with the possibility to fly cross-country , distance , just with the use of thermals to soar . Also different aerobatic maneuvers are possible with a paraglider . From there I started with skydiving .
1672One thing I wanted to say about film making is — about this film — in thinking about some of the wonderful talks we 've heard here , Michael Moschen , and some of the talks about music , this idea that there is a narrative line , and that
1673I 'm the weekly tech critic for the New York Times . I review gadgets and stuff . And mostly what good dads should be doing this time of year is nestling with their kids and decorating the Christmas tree . What I 'm mostly doing this year is going
1674I was asked by Wilsonart International , a plastic laminate company , which is the largest plastic laminate company in the world — they asked me to design a trade show booth for exhibition at the International Contemporary Furniture Fair in New York , in 2000 . So looking at
1675The AlloSphere : it 's a three-story metal sphere in an echo-free chamber . Think of the AlloSphere as a large , dynamically varying digital microscope that 's connected to a supercomputer . 20 researchers can stand on a bridge suspended inside of the sphere , and be completely immersed
1676Some 17 years ago , I became allergic to Delhi 's air . My doctors told me that my lung capacity had gone down to 70 percent , and it was killing me . With the help of IIT , TERI , and learnings from NASA , we discovered that
1677Bacteria are the oldest living organisms on the earth . They 've been here for billions of years , and what they are are single-celled microscopic organisms . So they are one cell and they have this special property that they only have one piece of DNA . They have
1678I do n't know what the hell I 'm doing here . I was born in a Scots Presbyterian ghetto in Canada , and dropped out of high school . I do n't own a cell phone , and I paint on paper using gouache , which has n't changed
1679If you 're at all like me , this is what you do with the sunny summer weekends in San Francisco : you build experimental kite-powered hydrofoils capable of more than 30 knots . And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind , and it can do
1680Newspapers are dying for a few reasons . Readers do n't want to pay for yesterday 's news , and advertisers follow them . Your iPhone , your laptop , is much more handy than New York Times on Sunday . And we should save trees in the end .
1681It 's pretty simple . There are nine , sort of , rules that I discovered after 35 years of rock climbing . Most of them are pretty basic . Number one : do n't let go — very sure success method . But really , truly — often you
1682The `` Dirty Jobs '' crew and I were called to a little town in Colorado , called Craig . It 's only a couple dozen square miles . It 's in the Rockies . And the job in question was sheep rancher . My role on the show ,
1683Time flies . It 's actually almost 20 years ago when I wanted to reframe the way we use information , the way we work together : I invented the World Wide Web . Now , 20 years on , at TED , I want to ask your help in
1684What I wanted to talk to you about today is two things : one , the rise of a culture of availability ; and two , a request . So we 're seeing a rise of this availability being driven by mobile device proliferation , globally , across all social
1685The future of life , where the unraveling of our biology — and bring up the lights a little bit . I do n't have any slides . I 'm just going to talk — about where that 's likely to carry us . And you know , I saw
1686When most people think about the beginnings of AIDS , they 're gon na think back to the 1980s . And certainly , this was the decade in which we discovered AIDS and the virus that causes it , HIV . But in fact this virus crossed over into humans
1687So , here we go : a flyby of play . It 's got to be serious if the New York Times puts a cover story of their February 17th Sunday magazine about play . At the bottom of this , it says , `` It 's deeper than gender
1688This is Tim Ferriss circa 1979 A.D. Age two . You can tell by the power squat , I was a very confident boy — and not without reason . I had a very charming routine at the time , which was to wait until late in the evening when
1689I coined my own definition of success in 1934 , when I was teaching at a high school in South Bend , Indiana , being a little bit disappointed , and [ disillusioned ] perhaps , by the way parents of the youngsters in my English classes expected their youngsters
1690I am going to talk about myself , which I rarely do , because I — well for one thing , I prefer to talk about things I know nothing about . And secondly , I 'm a recovering narcissist . ( Laughter ) I did n't know I was
1691I want to talk about the election . For the first time in the United States , a predominantly white group of voters voted for an African-American candidate for President . And in fact Barack Obama did quite well . He won 375 electoral votes . And he won about
1692I thought I 'd begin with a scene of war . There was little to warn of the danger ahead . The Iraqi insurgent had placed the IED , an Improvised Explosive Device , along the side of the road with great care . By 2006 , there were more
1693I thought I would read poems I have that relate to the subject of youth and age . I was sort of astonished to find out how many I have actually . The first one is dedicated to Spencer , and his grandmother , who was shocked by his work
1694I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids , ages six to eight , at a children 's museum , and I brought with me a bag full of legs , similar to the kinds of things you see up here , and had them laid out on
1695The new me is beauty . ( Laughter ) Yeah , people used to say , `` Norman 's OK , but if you followed what he said , everything would be usable but it would be ugly . '' Well , I did n't have that in mind ,
1696I 've been working on issues of poverty for more than 20 years , and so it 's ironic that the problem that and question that I most grapple with is how you actually define poverty . What does it mean ? So often , we look at dollar terms
1697What I 'm going to try to do is explain to you quickly how to predict , and illustrate it with some predictions about what Iran is going to do in the next couple of years . In order to predict effectively , we need to use science . And
1698About four years ago , the New Yorker published an article about a cache of dodo bones that was found in a pit on the island of Mauritius . Now , the island of Mauritius is a small island off the east coast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean ,
1699I 've been intrigued by this question of whether we could evolve or develop a sixth sense — a sense that would give us seamless access and easy access to meta-information or information that may exist somewhere that may be relevant to help us make the right decision about whatever
1700You know , I am so bad at tech that my daughter — who is now 41 — when she was five , was overheard by me to say to a friend of hers , If it does n't bleed when you cut it , my daddy does n't understand
1701My work is play . And I play when I design . I even looked it up in the dictionary , to make sure that I actually do that , and the definition of play , number one , was engaging in a childlike activity or endeavor , and number
1702This is a wheat bread , a whole wheat bread , and it 's made with a new technique that I 've been playing around with , and developing and writing about which , for lack of a better name , we call the epoxy method . And I call
1703Back in 1992 , I started working for a company called Interval Research , which was just then being founded by David Lidell and Paul Allen as a for-profit research enterprise in Silicon Valley . I met with David to talk about what I might do in his company .
1704'Theme and variations ' is one of those forms that require a certain kind of intellectual activity , because you are always comparing the variation with the theme that you hold in your mind . You might say that the theme is nature and everything that follows is a variation
1705I was listed on the online biography that said I was a design missionary . That 's a bit lofty ; I 'm really more of something like a street walker . I spend a lot of time in urban areas looking for design , and studying design in the
1706I was walking in the market one day with my wife , and somebody stuck a cage in my face . And in between those slits were the saddest eyes I 've ever seen . There was a very sick orangutan baby , my first encounter . That evening I
1707In his inaugural address , Barack Obama appealed to each of us to give our best as we try to extricate ourselves from this current financial crisis . But what did he appeal to ? He did not , happily , follow in the footsteps of his predecessor , and
1708I was raised in Seoul , Korea , and moved to New York City in 1999 to attend college . I was pre-med at the time , and I thought I would become a surgeon because I was interested in anatomy and dissecting animals really piqued my curiosity . At
1709How can we investigate this flora of viruses that surround us , and aid medicine ? How can we turn our cumulative knowledge of virology into a simple , hand-held , single diagnostic assay ? I want to turn everything we know right now about detecting viruses and the spectrum
1710I became an inventor by accident . I was out of the air force in 1956 . No , no , that 's not true : I went in in 1956 , came out in 1959 , was working at the University of Washington , and I came up with
1711Chris Anderson : And now we go live to Caracas to see one of Maestro Abreu 's great proteges . He is the new musical director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra . He 's the greatest young conductor in the world . Gustavo Dudamel ! ( Applause ) (
1712There 's a great big elephant in the room called the economy . So let 's start talking about that . I wanted to give you a current picture of the economy . That 's what I have behind myself . ( Laughter ) But of course what we have
1713Of the five senses , vision is the one that I appreciate the most , and it 's the one that I can least take for granted . I think this is partially due to my father , who was blind . It was a fact that he did n't
1714What 's happening in genomics , and how this revolution is about to change everything we know about the world , life , ourselves , and how we think about them . If you saw 2001 : A Space Odyssey , and you heard the boom , boom , boom
1715Sixty-five million years ago , a very important and catastrophic event changed the course of life on land . And although we know that the land animals I 'm going to talk about are just the scum of the Earth on the land — the little bits of land floating
1716Chris Anderson : Let 's now see the extraordinary speech that we captured a couple weeks ago . ( Music ) Jose Antonio Abreu : My dear friends , ladies and gentlemen , I am overjoyed today at being awarded the TED Prize on behalf of all the distinguished music
1717What I thought I would talk about today is the transition from one mode of thinking about nature to another that 's tracked by architecture . What 's interesting about architects is , we always have tried to justify beauty by looking to nature , and arguably , beautiful architecture
1718So , my question : are we alone ? The story of humans is the story of ideas — scientific ideas that shine light into dark corners , ideas that we embrace rationally and irrationally , ideas for which we 've lived and died and killed and been killed ,
1719Let 's talk trash . You know , we had to be taught to renounce the powerful conservation ethic we developed during the Great Depression and World War II . After the war , we needed to direct our enormous production capacity toward creation of products for peacetime . Life
1720Many of you could ask the question , you know , why is a flying car , or maybe more accurately , a roadable aircraft , possible at this time ? A number of years ago , Mr. Ford predicted that flying cars of some form would be available .
1721The future that we will create can be a future that we 'll be proud of . I think about this every day ; it 's quite literally my job . I 'm co-founder and senior columnist at Worldchanging.com . Alex Steffen and I founded Worldchanging in late 2003 ,
1722So , I want to start out with this beautiful picture from my childhood . I love the science fiction movies . Here it is : `` This Island Earth . '' And leave it to Hollywood to get it just right . Two-and-a-half years in the making . (
1723I 'm going to talk about a very fundamental change that is going on in the very fabric of the modern economy . And to talk about that , I 'm going to go back to the beginning , because in the beginning were commodities . Commodities are things that
1724I wrote a letter last week talking about the work of the foundation , sharing some of the problems . And Warren Buffet had recommended I do that — being honest about what was going well , what was n't , and making it kind of an annual thing .
1725Right when I was 15 was when I first got interested in solar energy . My family had moved from Fort Lee , New Jersey to California , from the snow to lots of heat , and gas lines . There was gas rationing in 1973 . The energy crisis
1726This is the first of two rather extraordinary photographs I 'm going to show you today . It was taken 18 years ago . I was 19 years old at the time . I had just returned from one of the deepest dives I 'd ever made at that time
1727Four years ago , on the TED stage , I announced a company I was working with at the time called Odeo . And because of that announcement , we got a big article in The New York Times , which led to more press , which led to more
1728Sheryl Shade : Hi , Aimee . Aimee Mullins : Hi . SS : Aimee and I thought we 'd just talk a little bit , and I wanted her to tell all of you what makes her a distinctive athlete . AM : Well , for those of you
1729I 'm here today representing a team of artists and technologists and filmmakers that worked together on a remarkable film project for the last four years . And along the way they created a breakthrough in computer visualization . So I want to show you a clip of the film
1730I want to start out by asking you to think back to when you were a kid , playing with blocks . As you figured out how to reach out and grasp , pick them up and move them around , you were actually learning how to think and solve
1731I 'm speaking about compassion from an Islamic point of view , and perhaps my faith is not very well thought of as being one that is grounded in compassion . The truth of the matter is otherwise . Our holy book , the Koran , consists of 114 chapters
1732I spent the better part of a decade looking at American responses to mass atrocity and genocide . And I 'd like to start by sharing with you one moment that to me sums up what there is to know about American and democratic responses to mass atrocity . And
1733I was trying to think , how is sync connected to happiness , and it occurred to me that for some reason we take pleasure in synchronizing . We like to dance together , we like singing together . And so , if you 'll put up with this ,
1734What technology can we really apply to reducing global poverty ? And what I found was quite surprising . We started looking at things like death rates in the 20th century , and how they 'd been improved , and very simple things turned out . You 'd think maybe
1735The career that I started early on in my life was looking for exotic life forms in exotic places , and at that time I was working in the Antarctic and the Arctic , and high deserts and low deserts . Until about a dozen years ago , when I
1736I went to Spain a few months ago and I had the best foie gras of my life . The best culinary experience of my life . Because what I saw , I 'm convinced , is the future of cooking . Ridiculous , right ? Foie gras and the
1737I thought I would think about changing your perspective on the world a bit , and showing you some of the designs that we have in nature . And so , I have my first slide to talk about the dawning of the universe and what I call the cosmic
1738What I 'd like you to do is , just really quickly , is just , sort of , nod to the person on your right , and then nod to the person on your left . ( Laughter ) Now , chances are that over the last winter ,
1739I have , like , a thing about sleeping . I do n't sleep that much , and I 've come to this thing about , like , not sleeping much as being a great virtue , after years of kind of battling it as being a terrible detriment ,
1740People love their automobiles . They allow us to go where we want to when we want to . They 're a form of entertainment , they 're a form of art , a pride of ownership . Songs are written about cars . Prince wrote a great song :
1741Welcome to 10,000 feet . Let me explain why we are here and why some of you have a pine cone close to you . Once upon a time , I did a book called `` How Buildings Learn . '' Today 's event you might call `` How Mountains
1742I want to open by quoting Einstein 's wonderful statement , just so people will feel at ease that the great scientist of the 20th century also agrees with us , and also calls us to this action . He said , `` A human being is a part of
1743In 1962 , Buckminster Fuller presented the particularly audacious proposal for the Geoscope . It was a 200-foot diameter geodesic sphere to be suspended over the East River in New York City , in full view of the United Nations . It was a big idea , for sure ,
1744You know , we 're going to do things a little differently . I 'm not going to show you a presentation . I 'm going to talk to you . And at the same time , we 're going to look at just images from a photo stream that
1745I 'm going to talk about compassion and the golden rule from a secular perspective and even from a kind of scientific perspective . I 'm going to try to give you a little bit of a natural history of compassion and the golden rule . So , I 'm
1746The north coast of California has rainforests — temperate rainforests — where it can rain more than 100 inches a year . This is the realm of the Coast Redwood tree . Its species name is Sequoia sempervirens . Sequoia sempervirens is the tallest living organism on Earth . The
1747Great creativity . In times of need , we need great creativity . Discuss . Great creativity is astonishingly , absurdly , rationally , irrationally powerful . Great creativity can spread tolerance , champion freedom , make education seem like a bright idea . ( Laughter ) Great creativity can
1748I 'll just start talking about the 17th century . I hope nobody finds that offensive . I — you know , when I — after I had invented PCR , I kind of needed a change . And I moved down to La Jolla and learned how to surf
1749I thought I 'd start with telling you or showing you the people who started [ Jet Propulsion Lab ] . When they were a bunch of kids , they were kind of very imaginative , very adventurous , as they were trying at Caltech to mix chemicals and see
1750So I understand that this meeting was planned , and the slogan was From Was to Still . And I am illustrating Still . Which , of course , I am not agreeing with because , although I am 94 , I am not still working . And anybody who
1751It 's amazing , when you meet a head of state and you say , `` What is your most precious natural resource ? '' — they will not say children at first . And then when you say children , they will pretty quickly agree with you . (
1752This is Aunt Zip from Sodom , North Carolina . She was 105 years old when I took this picture . She was always saying things that made me stop and think , like , `` Time may be a great healer , but it ai n't no beauty specialist
1753My name is Ursus Wehrli , and I would like to talk to you this morning about my project , Tidying Up Art . First of all — any questions so far ? First of all , I have to say I 'm not from around here . I 'm
1754You might be wondering why I 'm wearing sunglasses , and one answer to that is , because I 'm here to talk about glamour . So , we all think we know what glamour is . Here it is . It 's glamorous movie stars , like Marlene Dietrich
1755One of my favorite cartoon characters is Snoopy . I love the way he sits and lies on his kennel and contemplates the great things of life . So when I thought about compassion , my mind immediately went to one of the cartoon strips , where he 's lying
1756I dabble in design . I 'm a curator of architecture and design ; I happen to be at the Museum of Modern Art . But what we 're going to talk about today is really design . Really good designers are like sponges : they really are curious and
1757This means , `` I 'm smiling . '' So does that . This means `` mouse . '' `` Cat . '' Here we have a story . The start of the story , where this means guy , and that is a ponytail on a passer-by . Here
1758My thing with school lunch is , it 's a social justice issue . I 'm the Director of Nutrition Services for the Berkeley Unified School District . I have 90 employees and 17 locations , 9,600 kids . I 'm doing 7,100 meals a day and I 've been
1759Whoa , dude . ( Laughter ) Check out those killer equations . Sweet . Actually , for the next 18 minutes I 'm going to do the best I can to describe the beauty of particle physics without equations . It turns out there 's a lot we can
1760Philosophers , dramatists , theologians have grappled with this question for centuries : what makes people go wrong ? Interestingly , I asked this question when I was a little kid . I grew up in the South Bronx , inner-city ghetto in New York , and I was surrounded
1761You all know this story . In the summer of 1950 , Enrico Fermi , the Italian-American physicist and atomic-pile builder , went to lunch at Los Alamos National Laboratory and joined some colleagues there , and asked them a question : `` Where is everybody ? '' This confused
1762Suppose that two American friends are traveling together in Italy . They go to see Michelangelo 's `` David , '' and when they finally come face to face with the statue , they both freeze dead in their tracks . The first guy — we 'll call him Adam
1763When I first arrived in beautiful Zimbabwe , it was difficult to understand that 35 percent of the population is HIV positive . It really was n't until I was invited to the homes of people that I started to understand the human toll of the epidemic . For instance
1764Hi . I 'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise , admiration and thank you , and having it be specific and genuine . And the way I got interested in this was , I noticed in myself , when I was growing up , and
1765( Applause ) David Gallo : This is Bill Lange . I 'm Dave Gallo . And we 're going to tell you some stories from the sea here in video . We 've got some of the most incredible video of Titanic that 's ever been seen , and
1766A human child is born , and for quite a long time is a consumer . It can not be consciously a contributor . It is helpless . It does n't know how to survive , even though it is endowed with an instinct to survive . It needs the
1767I want to argue to you that in fact , politics and religion , which are the two primary factors — not the sole , but overwhelmingly , the primary factors — which are driving towards a war which looks extremely likely — bordering on the inevitable at this point
1768I was here about four years ago , talking about the relationship of design and happiness . At the very end of it , I showed a list under that title . I learned very few things in addition since ( Laughter ) — but made a whole number of
1769Let 's just get started here . Okay , just a moment . ( Whirring ) All right . ( Laughter ) Oh , sorry . ( Music ) ( Beatboxing ) Thank you . ( Applause )
1770I 'm a , or was , or kind of am a toy designer . And before I was a toy designer , oh , I was a mime , a street mime , actually . And then I was an entertainer , I guess . And before that ,
1771[ SHIT ] This is arguably the back end of the design of animals . ( Laughter ) But the reason I put this up here is because when I was in Africa last year , my wife and I were driving around , we had this wonderful guide ,
1772Zach Kaplan : Keith and I lead a research team . We investigate materials and technologies that have unexpected properties . Over the last three years , we found over 200 of these things , and so we looked back into our library and selected six we thought would be
1773We really need to put the best we have to offer within reach of our children . If we do n't do that , we 're going to get the generation we deserve . They 're going to learn from whatever it is they have around them . And we
1774I think it 'll be a relief to some people and a disappointment to others that I 'm not going to talk about vaginas today . I began `` The Vagina Monologues '' because I was worried about vaginas . I 'm very worried today about this notion , this
1775What I want to tell you about today is how I see robots invading our lives at multiple levels , over multiple timescales . And when I look out in the future , I ca n't imagine a world , 500 years from now , where we do n't have
1776I grew up in Northern Ireland , right up in the very , very north end of it there , where it 's absolutely freezing cold . This was me running around in the back garden mid-summer . ( Laughter ) I could n't pick a career . In Ireland
1777If you ask people about what part of psychology do they think is hard , and you say , `` Well , what about thinking and emotions ? '' Most people will say , `` Emotions are terribly hard . They 're incredibly complex . They ca n't — I
1778I grew up in Europe , and World War II caught me when I was between seven and 10 years old . And I realized how few of the grown-ups that I knew were able to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them — how few of them
1779I want to take you back basically to my hometown , and to a picture of my hometown of the week that `` Emergence '' came out . And it 's a picture we 've seen several times . Basically , `` Emergence '' was published on 9/11 . I
1780A year ago , I spoke to you about a book that I was just in the process of completing , that has come out in the interim , and I would like to talk to you today about some of the controversies that that book inspired . The book
1781Aside from keeping the rain out and producing some usable space , architecture is nothing but a special-effects machine that delights and disturbs the senses . Our work is across media . The work comes in all shapes and sizes . It 's small and large . This is an
1782How will we be remembered in 200 years ? I happen to live in a little town , Princeton , in New Jersey , which every year celebrates the great event in Princeton history : the Battle of Princeton , which was , in fact , a very important battle
1783I got my first computer when I was a teenager growing up in Accra , and it was a really cool device . You could play games with it . You could program it in BASIC . And I was fascinated . So I went into the library to figure
1784I have a tough job to do . You know , when I looked at the profile of the audience here , with their connotations and design , in all its forms , and with so much and so many people working on collaborative and networks , and so on
1785I 'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we do n't understand as much as we think we do . I 'd like to begin with four questions . This is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year . That 's an
1786As a particle physicist , I study the elementary particles and how they interact on the most fundamental level . For most of my research career , I 've been using accelerators , such as the electron accelerator at Stanford University , just up the road , to study things
1787Who are we ? That is the big question . And essentially we are just an upright-walking , big-brained , super-intelligent ape . This could be us . We belong to the family called the Hominidae . We are the species called Homo sapiens sapiens , and it 's important
1788The decorative use of wire in southern Africa dates back hundreds of years . But modernization actually brought communication and a whole new material , in the form of telephone wire . Rural to urban migration meant that newfound industrial materials started to replace hard-to-come-by natural grasses . So ,
1789How do groups get anything done ? Right ? How do you organize a group of individuals so that the output of the group is something coherent and of lasting value , instead of just being chaos ? And the economic framing of that problem is called coordination costs .
1790To be new at TED — it 's like being the last high-school virgin . ( Laughter ) You know that all of the cool people are — they 're doing it . And you 're on the outside , you 're at home . You 're like the Raspyni
1791My search is always to find ways to chronicle , to share and to document stories about people , just everyday people . Stories that offer transformation , that lean into transcendence , but that are never sentimental , that never look away from the darkest things about us .
1792Let 's just start by looking at some great photographs . This is an icon of National Geographic , an Afghan refugee taken by Steve McCurry . But the Harvard Lampoon is about to come out with a parody of National Geographic , and I shudder to think what they
1793My favorite topic is shortcuts . The master of shortcuts — it 's , of course , nature . But I will demonstrate different ways to get rid of difficulties and go to the point , to find an answer probably much quicker than Arthur did . So , first
1794Ninety-nine percent of us have the dream of listeners . Not being the musicians — the listeners , right ? And we crave one thing , even though we kind of do n't know it all the time . We crave to be in the room with the musician the
1795Jambo , bonjour , zdravstvujtye , dayo : these are a few of the languages that I 've spoken little bits of over the course of the last six weeks , as I 've been to 17 countries I think I 'm up to , on this crazy tour I
1796My mission in life since I was a kid was , and is , to take the rest of you into space . It 's during our lifetime that we 're going to take the Earth , take the people of Earth and transition off , permanently . And that
1797I and my colleagues Art Aron and Lucy Brown and others , have put 37 people who are madly in love into a functional MRI brain scanner . 17 who were happily in love , 15 who had just been dumped , and we 're just starting our third experiment
1798As a clergyman , you can imagine how out of place I feel . I feel like a fish out of water , or maybe an owl out of the air . ( Laughter ) I was preaching in San Jose some time ago , and my friend Mark Kvamme
1799My talk is `` Flapping Birds and Space Telescopes . '' And you would think that should have nothing to do with one another , but I hope by the end of these 18 minutes , you 'll see a little bit of a relation . It ties to origami
1800So what 's image got do with it ? And I must say , I think Emeka is trying to send a lot of subliminal messages , because I 'm going to keep harping on some of the issues that have come up . But I 'm going to try
1801Well , good morning . You know , the computer and television both recently turned 60 , and today I 'd like to talk about their relationship . Despite their middle age , if you 've been following the themes of this conference or the entertainment industry , it 's
1802Dogs have interests . They have interest sniffing each other , chasing squirrels . And if we do n't make that a reward in training , that will be a distraction . It 's always sort of struck me as really a scary thought that if you see a dog
1803So , a big question that we 're facing now and have been for quite a number of years now : are we at risk of a nuclear attack ? Now , there 's a bigger question that 's probably actually more important than that , is the notion of
1804I 'm going to talk about a technology that we 're developing at Oxford now , that we think is going to change the way that computer games and Hollywood movies are being made . That technology is simulating humans . It 's simulated humans with a simulated body and
1805I do n't speak English . I start speaking English , learning English , about a year ago . I speak French and I grew up with French , so my English is Franglais . I 'm born in the Western Congo , in an area around here , and
1806I thought I 'd tell you a little about what I like to write . And I like to immerse myself in my topics . I just like to dive right in and become sort of a human guinea pig . And I see my life as a series of
1807Hello everyone . And so the two of us are here to give you an example of creation . And I 'm going to be folding one of Robert Lang 's models . And this is the piece of paper it will be made from , and you can see
1808So I 'm going to talk today about collecting stories in some unconventional ways . This is a picture of me from a very awkward stage in my life . You might enjoy the awkwardly tight , cut-off pajama bottoms with balloons . Anyway , it was a time when
1809So , people argue vigorously about the definition of life . They ask if it should have reproduction in it , or metabolism , or evolution . And I do n't know the answer to that , so I 'm not going to tell you . I will say that
1810I had a fire nine days ago . My archive : 175 films , my 16-millimeter negative , all my books , my dad 's books , my photographs . I 'd collected — I was a collector , major , big-time . It 's gone . I just looked
1811The Internet , the Web as we know it , the kind of Web — the things we 're all talking about — is already less than 5,000 days old . So all of the things that we 've seen come about , starting , say , with satellite images
1812Stephanie White : I 'm going to let her introduce herself to everybody . Can you tell everybody your name ? Einstein : Einstein . SW : This is Einstein . Can you tell everyone `` hi '' ? E : Hello . SW : That 's nice . Can
1813When I was President of the American Psychological Association , they tried to media-train me . And an encounter I had with CNN summarizes what I 'm going to be talking about today , which is the eleventh reason to be optimistic . The editor of Discover told us 10
1814Brain magic . What 's brain magic all about ? Brain magic to me indicates that area of magic dealing with psychological and mind-reading effects . So unlike traditional magic , it uses the power of words , linguistic deception , non-verbal communication and various other techniques to create the
1815Good afternoon , good evening , whatever . We can go , jambo , guten Abend , bonsoir , but we can also ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh , ooh . That is the call that chimpanzees make before they
1816Being a child , and sort of crawling around the house , I remember these Turkish carpets , and there were these scenes , these battle scenes , these love scenes . I mean , look , this animal is trying to fight back this spear from this soldier .