BTgMwhkD

1create table if not exists t (id int primary key , v jsonb);
2
3insert into t (id, v) values (1,'[{"name":"alex","phone":123456},{"name":"serg","phone":98765}]'::jsonb);
4insert into t (id, v) values (2,'[{"name":"ALEX","phone":123456},{"name":"SERG","phone":98765}]'::jsonb);
5select v from t;
6
7
8-- https://dev-gang.ru/article/kak-obnovit-obekty-vnutri-massivov-jsonb-s-pomosczu-postgresql-s036czh103/
9-- для записи с id=2 меняем у оператора с именем SERG телефон на 12 
10with oper_phone as (
11    -- вычисляется индекс
12    select ('{' || index - 1 || ',phone}')::text[] as path
13      from t
14         , jsonb_array_elements(v) with ordinality arr(oper, index) -- здесь oper - запись, содержащая оператора
15     where oper->>'name' = 'SERG'
16       and id=2
17 )
18 update t 
19 	set v = jsonb_set(v, oper_phone.path, '12', false)
20   from oper_phone 
21  where id=2;
22