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1[[File:Samsung Galaxy Unpacked up close 2014-09-03 Note 4 replaceable battery pride.jpg|thumb|right|…half a year after which the [[Galaxy S6]] was [[:File:S6builtin.jpg|released]].]]
2{{nutshell|1=A summary of this article can be found [[#Summary|in the section '''''“§ Summary”''''']]. • [[#toc|Jump to table of contents]]
3}}
4
5
6? These are the benefits of user-replaceable batteries in portable consumer electronics such as [[mobile phone]]s and portable [[computer]]s, and the problems associated with non-replaceable batteries.
7
8This article explains how non-user-replaceable batteries, also known as ''non-removable'' batteries, '''severely restrict the freedom and convenience''' of many users of said products, and how '''the freedom of choice''' has increasingly diminished during the 2010s decade down to a point where nearly every newly released mobile phone has a battery that is not replaceable by the end user.
9
10Although much of this article applies to other devices such as [[laptop]] computers as well, this article mainly is focused on [[mobile phone]]s due to their heavy reliance on a portable power source, [[#Significance|significance]] and versatility as a highly portable device and due to their greater affliction by the [[design trend]] of non-user-replaceable batteries.
11
12==History==
13
14;<span style="color:darkred;">''The Great Replacement'' of Mobile Phones with replaceable batteries</span>
15
16Until the early 2010s, nearly all mobile phones that were not [[Apple]] [[iPhone]]s had a battery cover that could simply be opened by the end user.
17
18Over time, other phone vendors slowly started succumbing to the slim fragile unibody<sup>([[euphemism]])</sup> [[design trend]] set by [[Apple]], who successfully marketed it as a ''cool'' status symbol to the world, '''possibly''' with the help of massive [[astroturfing]] and [[shill]]ing in online technology forums and support by members of the [[Apple cult]].
19
20Mobile phone vendors other than <!--cr-->Apple increasingly released mobile phones '''with non-user-replaceable batteries''' such as:
21
22*Sony Xperia S and P<ref name="XperiaP">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0J80bDHlRQ&t=0m32s Sony Xperia P promotion video mentioning the euphemistic ''U-word''.]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXtR2NslqOs One-minute film by Sony about Xperia P craftsmanship: “Precision crafted, full-aluminium '''unibody'''”]</ref> (early 2012)
23*Sony Xperia Z and ZR (early 2013)
24*HTC One M7 (early 2013)
25*Samsung Galaxy A3, A5, A7 (early 2015)
26*Samsung Galaxy S6, S6 Edge (early 2015){{NoteTag|name=Denison}}{{NoteTag|For their predecessor, the [[Samsung Galaxy S5]], Samsung has proudly advertised its interchangeable battery in their ''“Wall Hugger”'' commercial.<ref name=S5wall>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlelbGtPEdU&t=43s Samsung Galaxy S5 commercial film: ''“Wall Hugger”'' (airport lounge)] (2014)</ref> Just one year later, [[Samsung]] has hypocriticized their own advertisement film with the release of the Galaxy S6.}}
27
28The vast majority of mobile phones released since 2015 until at least mid-2020<!--Update the date, if necessary.--> have batteries not replaceable by the end user.
29
30==The problem: Planned obsolescence==
31In portable electronics, the battery is the component with '''by far the shortest life expectancy''', thus supposed to be modular and replaced like brakes and wheels on vehicles upon expiration.
32
33Like defective crucial components in machines, a defective supply of electricity to a device such as an expired battery in a mobile phone '''cripples its operation.'''
34
35===Battery aging===
36<gallery perrow="1" style="float:right;">
37File:LithiumIon-cycles.jpg|Lithium-Ion recharge cycle test at elevated voltages
38File:LithiumIon-cycles-1.jpg|Another Lithium-Ion recharge cycle test
39</gallery>
40Over time, with normal usage, a rechargeable battery wears down and eventually loses both capacity and performance. Each charging and discharging cycle adds to the weardown and brings the battery closer to its demise.
41
42On devices powered by [[Lithium-Ion]] batteries, the most common battery type in portable electronics, the battery performance's decline usually becomes noticeable after two years of normal usage or one year of [[#heavy|heavy usage]]. Although the battery should have around 80% of its original performance at that point, it means that it is approximately at the middle of its lifespan.
43
44Towards the end of its lifespan, the performance and endurance of the battery starts to plunge.<ref name="BU-808">[http://archive.today/vYtuL Battery University: BU-808 ─ ''How to prolong &#91;the lifespan of&#93; Lithium-based batteries.'']</ref><ref name="RAV">[https://blog.ravpower.com/2017/12/why-batteries-lose-their-charge-solutions/ ''Why batteries lose their charge'' - RAVpower Blog (2017-12-08)]</ref><ref name="ibt">[http://www.ibt-power.com/Battery_packs/Li_Ion Typixal Lithium-Ion technical data – IBT Power]</ref>
45
46===Power starvation===
47====Unexpected poweroffs====
48At one point after enough weardown from usage, a battery is weakened by its age so much that the voltage risks falling below a threshold (e.g. 3.0 Volts for mobile phones) during normal operation, '''unexpectedly causing poweroffs'''. 
49The battery is considered to be expired and have reached the end of its useful (functional) lifespan at that point.
50
51After further usage of a senescent battery, it will eventually no longer be able to power the device for beyond a few minutes.
52
53====Limited performance====
54Due to the low performance of aged batteries, a device has to artificially limit its processing power to avoid overwhelming the age-weakened battery. Colder environmental temperatures that slow down the chemical reactions inside the battery and lower charging states decrease the output power limit even further.
55
56To prevent this power starvation effect, the device would have to be connected to an external power source such as a wall charger/power supply or a [[power bank]], from where it should be able to draw power in abundance, provided that the power source works as intended.
57
58===iPhone battery weakness===
59Battery weakness has especially been a historical problem on [[iPhone]]s because their batteries had a low capacity to begin with.<ref name="Guardian" />
60
61Because smaller and more aged batteries are weaker, powering the same tasks and charging at the same absolute speed induces more stress onto the battery cell due to higher power requiremnts relative to the battery's strength.<ref name="vicious">[https://poal.co/s/crApple/141804 “Why smaller batteries have a shorter lifespan — the vicious aging cycle of tiny iPhone batteries.”]</ref><ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/24/iphone-slow-ios-9-update-iphone-4s-iphone-5-iphone-5s ''TheGuardian'' report about poor battery performance of Apple iPhones (2015-09-24)]</ref>  
62
63===Vulnerabilities===
64====Plating====
65Lithium-Ion batteries might suffer from a destructive chemical reaction known as ''plating'' if charged during freezing temperatures, discharged below 2.5 volts (usually caused by self-discharging after long non-usage) and trickle-charged.<ref name="ScienceDaily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140903105638.htm Lithium-ion batteries: Phenomenon of 'lithium plating' during the charging process observed (2014-09-03)]</ref>
66
67====Dendrite hazard====
68[[File:Lithium-dendrites.jpg|thumb|Dendrites infesting a Lithium-Ion battery]]
69Over time, Lithium-Ion batteries develope so-called '''dendrites''' from normal usage. These are whiskers of lithium that infest the battery internally over time, causing the capacity and performance to degrade over time, and the internal resistance to increase.
70
71Dendrites develope faster at higher charging speeds and at higher temperatures. Too many dendrites could cause an internal short circuit in the battery by drilling through the ''polarity septum'', which is a safety hazard and may pose a risk of fire.<ref name="ep-dendrites">[https://www.electronicproducts.com/Power_Products/Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells/What_are_dendrites_and_why_do_they_cause_fires_in_lithium_batteries.aspx ''Strands of lithium are proving to be a nuisance for next-gen batteries''] –  October 20, 2016 by Jeffrey Bausch </ref>
72
73==== Removal when inflated ====
74[[File:Note7disaster.jpg|thumb|The result of prioritizing slim {{iquote|premium}} design over safety and functionality.]]
75In the unlikely event of a mobile phone battery visibly inflating, it can be removed from the device immediately if the rear cover is removable, minimzing damage. 
76
77But if a non-replaceable battery visibly inflates, the mobile phone will self-destruct like a [[Samsung Galaxy Note 7]], whose infamous disaster mainly is the result of an aggressively slim design that failed to fit in the squished battery with a moderate capacity of 3500 mAh properly.<ref name=TR-N7>[https://www.techradar.com/news/samsung-galaxy-note-7-battery-fires-heres-why-they-exploded ''Here’s why the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 batteries caught fire and exploded''] by Matt Swider (TechRadar, January 23, 2017)</ref>
78
79===Video recording===
80The photography capabilities and especially video recording abilities of mobile phones has improved to a point where such devices are [[#Significance|able]] to serve as the '''main camera''' to the majority of people.
81
82But mobile phone batteries with less than 10 Watt-hours are considerably too weak to power 2160p (4K) and high frame rate (e.g. 1080p@120<abbr title="Frames per second">fps</abbr>, 720p@240fps) video recording, thus will degrade quickly when used for powering such tasks.
83
84The usage of video recording modes on newer mobile phones released towards the end of the 2010s decade, with even higher pixel rates, such as 2160p@60fps, 1080p@240fps and continuous 720p@480fps demand even more battery power.
85
86New higher video resolutions such as 3240p 6K and especially 4320p 8K on devices released since 2020, such as the [[Samsung Galaxy S20]] models, '''ravenously''' demand battery power and produce significant heat.
87
88Here is a comparison of battery capacities with several known mobile phone models that support at least 2160p 4K video recording at 30fps, as a reference:
89
90*Apple iPhones
91**iPhone SE (2016): {{red|6.0 Wh}}
92**iPhone SE (2020): {{red|6.7 Wh}}
93**iPhone 6s (2015): {{red|6.3 Wh}}
94**iPhone 7 (2016): {{red|7.2 Wh}}
95**iPhone 8 (2017): {{red|6.7 Wh}}
96**iPhone X (2017): 10.3 Wh
97**iPhone XR (2018): 10.8 Wh
98**iPhone XS (2018): 9.8 Wh
99*Samsung Galaxy
100**Galaxy S5 (2014): 10.3 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
101
102{| class="wikitable" style="width:40em;"
103|+<span style="white-space:nowrap;">Expand list</span>
104|-
105| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
106*[[Samsung Mobile]] (continued)
107**Galaxy S6 (2015): 9.4 Wh
108**Galaxy S6 Edge (2015): 9.6 Wh
109**Galaxy S7 (2016): 11.1 Wh
110**Galaxy S7 Edge (2016): 13.3 Wh
111**Galaxy S8 (2017): 11.1 Wh
112**Galaxy S8 Plus (2017): 12.9 Wh
113**Galaxy Note 3 (2013): 11.8 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
114**Galaxy Note 4 (2014): 11.9 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
115**Galaxy Note 5 (2015): 11.1 Wh
116**Galaxy Note 10 (2019): 12.9 Wh
117**Galaxy Note 10+ (2019): 15.9 Wh
118**Galaxy S20 (2020):  14.8 Wh {{red|(8K video)}}
119**Galaxy S20 Plus: 16.6 Wh {{red|(8K video)}}
120**Galaxy S20 Ultra 5G (2020): 18.5 Wh {{red|(8K video)}}
121*LG Mobile
122**LG G Pro 2 (2014): 11.8 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
123**LG G3 (2014): 11.1 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
124**LG G4 (2015): 11.1 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
125**LG G5 (2016): 10.3 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
126**LG V10 (2015): 11.1 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
127**LG V20 (2016): 11.8 Wh {{green|(replaceable)}}
128*HTC Mobile
129**HTC One M9 (2015): 10.5 Wh
130**HTC 10 (2016): 11.1 Wh
131*Sony Mobile
132**Sony Xperia Z2 (early 2014): 11.8 Wh
133**Sony Xperia Z3 (late 2014): 11.1 Wh
134**Sony Xperia Z3 compact (late 2014): 9.6 Wh
135**Sony Xperia Z5 compact (2015): 9.9 Wh
136**Sony Xperia M5 Aqua (2016): 9.6 Wh
137*OnePlus
138**OnePlus One (2014): 11.4 Wh
139**OnePlus 2 (2015): 12.2 Wh
140**OnePlus 3 and 3T (2016): 12.5 Wh
141**OnePlus 5 (2017): 12.2 Wh
142
143If a device you think is worth listing is not listed here yet, feel free to add it.
144|}
145{{anchor|freedom}}
146== Sense of freedom ==
147[[File:S6builtin.jpg|thumb|[[Justin Denison]] glorifyingly announcing that the battery of the [[Samsung]] [[Galaxy S6]] is non-replaceable, heavily disappointing their core customer base. (Keynote on March 1st 2015.)]]
148Knowing that one could easily and quickly replace the battery at any time is a liberating feeling.{{NoteTag|name=Denison|1=On the [[Galaxy S6]] keynote ''“Samsung Unpacked 2015 – Episode 1”'', [[Justin Denison]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILsPjSIY270&t=27m10s said on stage]: {{quote|1=''“You may have noticed a major change here: '''The battery is <big>built-in</big>'''<sup>[=&nbsp;Hiobsbotschaft]</sup>. Now, ~ , we refused to do this for some time<sup>[Who asked?]</sup>. That's because we didn't want to have a built-in battery until we were absolutely sure that users would feel confident about charging their phones.”}} But in reality, non-replaceable batteries cause '''the exact contrary:''' they strongly diminish said confidence.}}
149
150In contrary, the thought of one trapped (non-modular) component with a short lifespan having the potential to render the entire device near-useless upon expiration could give the user inconvenient subconscious saliency.
151
152===Significance===
153
154;Why it matters.
155
156Due to the tremendous versatility, practicality and portability of mobile phones<ref name="versatile">[https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/gadgets/15-devices-that-our-smartphone-has-replaced-in-our-lives-making-it-a-true-all-in-one-gadget-330647.html A list of 15 devices within the feature range of mobile phones. (2017-10-01, original title: ''“15 Devices That Our Smartphone Has Replaced In Our Lives, Making It A True All-In-One Gadget!”'')]</ref>, these devices have become '''an essential part of user's lives''' and are therefore heavily relied upon. It is a digital swiss army knife.
157
158To many, the mobile phone is the most steadily accessible toolbox, electronic companion and digital portal. 
159It is what connects them to the [[Internet]] and other people from anywere, captures fleeting moments with its built-in cameras, records stunning footage with its camcorder feature, illuminates the dark when needed with its built-in LED lamp, acts as a digital note book, and much more.
160
161For portability, all of this functionality relies on a portable power source, namely the mobile phone battery. If said mobile phone battery '''ceases to function properly''' however, namely because of its old age, its failure disables the normal operation of the device, making all of said functionality '''unuseable and ineffective.'''
162
163{{quote|The battery makes a mobile phone mobile.}}{{anchor|heavy}}
164===Weardown from heavy usage===
165Fast charging speeds and full, deep charging cycles (i.e. charging a battery up to 100% and discharging down to 0%) reduce the life span of the battery faster.
166
167High charging currents relative to the battery size put enormous stress on the battery cell.
168
169The heat produced during fast charging speeds, [[wireless charging]] and high usage of the [[CPU]] and [[GPU]] further accelerates the wear & tearing of the battery.
170
171Heavy usage not only heats up the device but also drains the battery faster, speeding up consumption of the limited recharge cycles. 
172This includes:
173
174*Charging and discharging
175**Fast charging speeds
176**[[#Wireless_discharging|Wireless discharging]]
177**[[USB-OTG]] appliances
178*Multimedia
179**High resolution and/or framerate video recording and playback
180**3D gaming
181**Mobile video editing
182*High display usage:
183**High screen brightnesses
184**High screen resolutions (e.g. 1440p, 2160p)
185**High refresh rates (e.g. 90 Hz, 120 Hz)
186*Video telephony
187*Usage of split-screen and multi-window functionality
188*Frequent switching between applications
189*Usage of cellular networks like 4G and especially 5G.
190**Poor signal strength
191
192===Usage as power bank===
193Mobile phones with USB-OTG (''USB on the go'') support allow outputting power through the USB port, although with limited discharging speeds and power losses from voltage boost conversion from the mobile phone's internal battery voltage to five volts required for USB power output.
194{{anchor|powershare}}
195====Wireless discharging====
196In the late 2010s, the first mobile phones with wireless discharging abilities appeared on the market, such as the [[Samsung Galaxy S9]] (released early 2018) and [[Samsung]] flagship phones released since then, of whose this feature has been branded ''[[PowerShare]]''.<ref name="S10-PowerShare-ad" /> Wireless discharging is also known as ''“reverse wireless charging”'' at [[Huawei]].<ref name="AndroidAuth-ReverseChg">[https://www.androidcentral.com/how-use-reverse-wireless-charging-huawei-mate-20-pro ''“How to use reverse wireless charging on the Huawei Mate 20 Pro”'' – Android Authority]</ref>
197
198Wireless discharging allows the mobile phone to act as a wireless charging station and provide wireless power to other devices. If the ''PowerShare host'', the phone providing the wireless power, is not connected to a charger itself, entirely the mobile phone's internal non-user-replaceable battery is used to provide the power necessary for wireless discharging.
199====Criticism of wireless discharging====
200Although potentially practical in emergency situations, wireless discharging is a '''ravenous, squanderous''' waste of the '''limited recharge cycles''' of the host device's '''non-user-replaceable battery''' due to the inefficiency of wireless power transmission (electromagnetic induction over the air) and the high amounts of transmitted power relative to a mobile phone's battery size.{{NoteTag|Charging smaller accessories such as smart watches and wireless earphones (also known as ''“EarBuds”'') demands far less power than other mobile phones.}}
201The heat caused by said inefficiency (energy loss) adds to the battery's weardown.
202
203The usage of wireless discharging is advertised, thus endorsed by Samsung.<ref name="W-PowerShare">[https://www.samsung.com/global/galaxy/what-is/wireless-powershare/ ''“What is wireless PowerShare?”'' article on Samsung's official web site]</ref><ref name="S10-PowerShare-ad">[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XZqnLhMeun4 Samsung Galaxy S10 commercial for ''PowerShare'']</ref>
204
205{{anchor|frugality}}{{anchor|sacrifice}}
206===Sacrifice of convenience and mobility===
207In order to extend the battery's life span and to somewhat delay its '''inevitable demise''', one would have to '''sacrifice convenience'''  by keeping the battery charging state between approximately 25% and 75%, avoid excessive heat (above around ≈30°C), restrict the device's performance by enabling settings for power saving, and deactivate the convenient fast charging feature (or limit charging speed by using less powerful chargers{{notetag|One might also limit the charging current by using a longer USB wire with accordingly higher ohmic resistance. This however might not restrict changing speeds on mobile phones that use elevated voltages for fast charging, if connected to a supported charger.}}), which negatively affects the user experience.
208
209Not only do these measures of frugality decrease user convenience, but they put the manufacturer's implementation of a device's potential capabilites to waste.
210
211In addition, battery nursing measures such as using slower charging speeds and only partial charging cycles would sacrifice the '''''mobile''''' phone's '''mobility''' because it would be dependent longer and more frequently on external power input to keep working.
212
213Battery health care measures that involve limiting device performance and used capacity '''actually simulate an already degraded battery.'''
214
215===The dilemma===
216With a non-user-replaceable battery, the user is forced to decide between convenience or battery lifespan.
217
218With a replaceable battery in comparison, one can '''blissfully''' charge fast, use full charging cycles and do [[#heavy|power-intensive tasks]] such as high-resolution and/or framerate video recording, without bothering with battery care, power saving modes or feelings of guilt knowing that the limited battery lifespan could be a '''dead-end''' for the entire device upon expiration, if it were not replaceable.
219
220=== Instant swap ===
221Some devices, especially dedicated cameras and camcorders, but also many laptops, have an easily accessible battery compartment, which allows the instant replacement of a discharged battery with a charged one.
222
223While the device operates on the charged battery, the discharged battery can be recharged using an external charger, to be immediately ready for usage as soon as the other battery is discharged again.
224
225This argument is less of a concern for mobile phones with fast charging technology, because they can be recharged very quickly on the go anyway using powerbanks that support fast charging.
226
227In addition, some mobile phones with replaceable batteries have screw-mounted back covers that need to be opened with the help of a screwdriver instead of only by hand. Such devices include the Samsung Galaxy ''Xcover'' outdoor/rugged phone series.
228
229Although such back covers make the battery less accessible on the go, they can provide more reliable and stronger protection against water and dust ingress while still allowing the replacement of an expired battery (that has reached the end of its lifespan) within minutes at home.
230
231Some mobile phones such as the Caterpillar (''“CAT”'') B15 and B15Q use a back cover slider.<ref name="B15-pics">[https://www.gsmarena.com/cat_b15-pictures-5985.php Cat B15 pictures] – GSM Arena</ref><ref name="B15Q-pics">[https://www.gsmarena.com/cat_b15_q-pictures-6698.php Cat B15 Q pictures] – GSM Arena</ref>
232
233{{anchor|surgery}}
234==Forced replacement (''battery surgery'')==
235[[File:BotchedReplacement.jpg|thumb|Botched iPhone battery replacement job]]
236
237===Phone repair shop===
238A forced battery replacement of a sealed battery (i.e. ''battery surgery'') by a mobile phone repair shop usually costs at least five times as much as a replacement battery, may take hours instead of less than two minutes, and possibly irreversibly damages the water resistance seal.<ref name="uwtest">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNPeA4CJ7Ow&t=2m A Galaxy S7 after battery surgery does not last 20 seconds underwater.]</ref>
239
240In addition, instead of easily manually replacing the battery at home within a minute, one has to trust ones device to a repairman with the hope that he successfully performs the battery surgery without damaging any delicate parts of a device that was never built to ever have its battery replaced.
241
242Such a battery surgery, depending on the build of the device, may rely on high-precision work with a heat gun and with a hot soldering iron '''in proximity of delicate hardware components''', as opposed to risk-freely opening a back cover with ones hand and a screwdriver if necessary.
243
244If internal parts are stuck together using glue, repairs are especially difficult and might cause unintended damage to components.<ref name=pit-XperiaZ>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPN930fohyo&time_continue=5m22s ''“Wie wasserdicht ist das Sony Xperia Z wirklich?”''] – AndroidPIT Germany – 2013-08-05 (criticism of the design of the 2013 Sony Xperia Z)</ref>
245
246===Manual battery surgery===
247Although tool kits for performing the battery surgery manually exist (e.g. those by ''[[iFixit]]''), the usage of those usually demands intense patience and dexterity (fine motor skills), more or less depending on the device's physical construction.
248
249===Services by vendors===
250Some vendors offer users a servce to deposit their device through (physical) mail for a battery replacement.
251In that case, the user has to trust that their posted device does not get lost or damaged anywhere in the delivery, and that the vendor does not secretly apply additional unsolicited modifications to the device.
252
253===Accessibility of battery surgery===
254In addition, users located in remote places such as smaller valleys might have to wait days for their device to arrive back at home.
255
256Access to mobile phone repair services tends to be restricted in remote places and during a pandemic outbreak such as [[Coronavirus]] 2020.
257
258Replacement batteries however can be purchased by the user any time in advance in any needed quantity.
259
260{{anchor|debunked}}
261
262==Pro-non-replaceable-battery arguments debunked==
263{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top;"
264|+Arguments in favour of non-user-replaceable mobile phone batteries debunked.
265!Myth
266!Fact
267|-
268| style="vertical-align:top;" |User-replaceable batteries make water-resistance impossible!
269| style="vertical-align:top;" |Devices including the Samsung's Galaxy S5<ref name=S5water>Video ''“Ultimate Samsung Galaxy S5 Water Test!”'' (2014-04-06) by [[TechSmartt]]: [[Samsung Galaxy S5]] successfully surviving water resistance tests: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9J611BuXhw&t=01m32s Submerged at 1m (3.3ft) of depth for 1 hour] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9J611BuXhw&t=05m43s being washed in a washing machine for 50 minutes]</ref> (including ''“Active”'', ''“Sport”'' and ''“Mini”''{{notetag|The USB port of the Galaxy S5 Mini is protected from the inside, meaning that it does not require a flap to cover it externally for water resistance like it does with the standard Galaxy S5 variant.}}  variants), Galaxy S4 Active, Galaxy Xcover series, Sony Xperia V, Sony Ericsson Xperia Active, Cat B15 and B15Q  were water-resistant despite of being equipped with a user-replaceable battery.
270|-
271| style="vertical-align:top;" |Replaceable batteries limit water/dust resistance.
272| style="vertical-align:top;" |This can be compensated by making the rubber isolation thicker and/or multi-layered.
273|-
274|style="vertical-align:top;"|''“Users prefer thinner phones!”''<ref>[https://club.myce.com/t/user-replaceable-battery-or-slim-design-which-is-more-important-to-you-in-a-mobile-phone/407626/19?u=handroid7 User-replaceable battery or slim design – Which is more important to you in a mobile phone? – Post #19 by user ''UTR'']</ref>
275|
276* [[Function over form|Functionality]] is the original purpose of mobile phones.
277* Millions of [[Apple cult]] members appear not to be bothered by the >8 millimeters of thickness on all three iPhone 11 variants<ref>[https://www.gsmarena.com/compare.php3?idPhone1=9848&idPhone2=9847&idPhone3=9846 Compare Apple iPhone 11 vs. Apple iPhone 11 Pro vs. Apple iPhone 11 Pro Max] – GSMArena.com</ref>, the same thickness those hypocrites criticized earlier Samsung mobile phones for.
278* The [[Samsung Galaxy S4]] with user-replaceable battery is only 7.9mm thick.<ref>[https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_i9505_galaxy_s4-5371.php Samsung Galaxy S4 (GT-i9505) – Full phone specifications] – GSMArena.com</ref>
279|-
280|style="vertical-align:top;"|''“Mobile phones with user-replaceable batteries never sold well!”''
281|
282*Samsung Galaxy flagship mobile phones of 2010 to 2014 sold tens of millions of times each, making the [[Galaxy S4]] the '''most sold''' Android mobile phone of all time with more than '''80 Million''' sales.<ref name="telegraph_20">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/01/26/the-20-bestselling-mobile-phones-of-all-time/ |title=The 20 bestselling mobile phones of all time |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=August 6, 2017 |accessdate=August 12, 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715185735/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/01/26/the-20-bestselling-mobile-phones-of-all-time/ |archivedate=July 15, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
283*The millions of members of the [[Apple cult]] evidently submit to any [[design trend]] Apple throws at them. Had Apple produced an iPhone with user-replaceable battery{{notetag|Although this is an obvious [[oxymoron]], it just describes a hypothetical situation.}}, countless members of the Apple cult would have purchased it, solely because of the brand name ''“Apple”'', not its functionality.
284|-
285| style="vertical-align:top;" |Wireless charging is not possible with user-replaceable batteries.
286| style="vertical-align:top;" |Several devices with user-replaceable batteries such as the Galaxy S3, S4, S5, Note 2, Note 3 and Note 4 allow attaching a special wireless charging back cover that does nearly look identical to the original back cover. The power is delivered through dedicated contact pins under the back cover.{{NoteTag|1=The Galaxy Note 3, S5 and Note 4 also used such pins for detecting the attachment of ''S View Cover'' and ''LED cover'' (Note 4 only), while S4, S6 and other Samsung devices detect it entirely through their hall sensor.}}<br />Manufacturers could, if they wanted, include such a back cover into the scope of delivery in the original box in which the main unit is shipped.
287|-
288| style="vertical-align:top;" |Non-replaceable batteries are bulkier.
289| style="vertical-align:top;" |
290*Indeed, they need a bit more physical space for the same capacity due to a need for protective casing necessary for protection during handling and minor drops. But that space compromise is one many users would '''happily accept''', including [https://poal.co/s/crApple/125585 100% of the voters here] and the vast majority of voters on a big technology forum<ref name="LTT-poll">[https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/1177467-would-you-rather-have-a-replaceable-battery-or-slim-design/ ''Would you rather have a replaceable battery or slim design?''] – Linus Tech Tips forums</ref>. [https://poal.co/s/AskPoal/188585 Here] is another poll where 100% voted for user-replaceable batteries over bezel-less displays. And an independent poll by [[Android Authority]] revealed that the majority of mobile phone users wishes new mobile phones with user-replaceable batteries.<ref name="AndrAuth-poll-2020">[https://www.androidauthority.com/removable-battery-poll-1074950/ Removable batteries: A must-have, or don’t care? (Poll of the Week)], January 15, 2020, Jimmy Westenbergm Android Authority</ref><ref name="AndrAuth-poll-2020-results">[https://www.androidauthority.com/removable-battery-poll-results-1075707/ ''We asked, you told us: Most of you miss the removable battery''] – January 18, 2020, Jimmy Westenberg, Android Authority</ref>
291*In addition, the deterioration of the battery over time '''nullifies the physical space benefit anyway''' due to diminishment of the effective battery capacity, thus '''deterioation of effective energy density.'''
292*Also, many users put their mobile phone in a protective case anyway, defeating the ''“premium materials”'' and ''“sleek design”'' arguments.
293|-
294| style="vertical-align:top;" |''“…then just go get a phone with user-replaceable battery!”''
295|
296*That mere '''option''' (freedom of choice) has sadly been heavily limited since the mid-2010s.<ref>https://poal.co/s/LostFeatures/156028</ref>
297*The few new phones released with replaceable batteries are of a low specification class (e.g. mediocre charging speeds, mediocre 1080p@30fps video recording).
298*Even laptops are increasingly suffering from this restrictive and despicable [[Apple]]-made design trend.
299|-
300| style="vertical-align:top;" |''“But users might purchase spare parts from questionable vendors!”''
301|
302*In the same way, a user might submit the device to a questionable phone repair shop that might fail to repair the phone properly and add damage in the process.
303*It is the '''user's responsibility''' to purchase spare parts from trustable vendors. 
304**This also applies to other devices and machines such as data storage devices (including MicroSD cards for mobile phones), computers and vehicles, both for spare parts and repairs.
305*In addition, mobile phone manufacturers could print a notice on the device's package box that encourages users only to purchase spare parts from trustable vendors.
306|-
307|style="vertical-align:top;"|''“Just use a powerbank/battery case!”''
308|
309*Although it is beneficial and safer to carry a [[power bank]] '''regardless''' of the mobile phone's battery capacity, this argument appears mainly to be used by the same people who purchase phones and other devices that prioritize [[form over function]], i.e. slim design (a few millimeters thinner) and light weight (a few grams lighter) over battery capacity, who advocate carrying a power bank that usually weighs multiple times as much as the mobile phone itself, and/or a [[#But_what_about_battery_cases.3F|battery case]] that adds significant thickness, which is a [[double standard]].
310*Being connected to a power bank restricts the device's mobility and ergonomy during camera usage.
311*If the battery expires, the mobile phone will '''permanently''' rely on an external power source to prevent unexpected shutdowns from voltage starvations.
312|-
313|style="vertical-align:top;"| ''“My last mobile phone'e battery lasted 3 years without issues!”''
314| With current battery technologies, these high battery life expectancies are only achievable with [[#frugality|frugality]] and [[#sacrifice|sacrifice of convenience]].
315Many users however do neither wish to limit themselves to inconvenient slow charging speeds and limit the used capacity range of the battery to between around 25% and ~75%, nor to sacrifice processing speeds using ''power saving'' mode, or dismiss functionality of their device that demands much battery power.
316|-
317|}
318<ref>[https://poal.co/s/LostFeatures/156605 “Non-replaceable batteries are necessary” debunked. – Poal.co /s/LostFeatures] </ref>
319
320The arguments mentioned in the preceeding list include respective variations of them.
321
322=== Device replacement argument ===
323The argument '''''“But I replace my phone every 1 to 2 years anyway!”''''' does not change the fact that irreplaceable batteries are [[planned obsolescence]] by definition.<ref name="Muldoon">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiQAtLqczAk ''“Non-Replaceable Batteries: This Trend Has to Stop.”'' (+ Tim Cook investor letter)] - Video by ''[[Right-to-Repair]]''-advocate Kevin Muldoon</ref>
324
325One is also supposed to purchase a device '''out of [[phonelitical spectrum|appreciation for its functionality]]''', not because one failing part that is hardly replaceable rendered the entire previous device near-useless and highly dependent on external power input (''“wall hugging”''<ref name=S5wall/>).
326
327Many users prefer to keep using their device for well beyond 2 years because it could still fulfill its purpose and get its work done.  
328But that device might not work as intended anymore due to battery failure.
329
330Previous phones could also serve as surrogate/backup devices and/or have some functionality and compatibility that newer devices lack.
331
332In addition, devices with locked bootloaders (which is the default state) have heavy restrictions on [[data portability]].<ref name="bootloader">[https://poal.co/s/TellPoal/152184 Criticism of poor data portability with locked bootloader.]</ref>
333
334=== But what about battery cases? ===
335Those in favour of non-user-replaceable batteries argue that the existence of battery cases renders user-replaceable internal batteries unnecessary due to the interchangeability of the battery case 
336
337[[Battery case]]s, in a nutshell, are [[power bank]]s in the form of phone cases. They provide electricity to the phone through an integrated charging plug or [[wireless charging]].
338
339Although a creative idea and a useful accessory to many, battery cases are not useable '''in combination''' with other phone cases that have special features such as strong protection and an integrated horizontal kickstand.<ref name="standcase">[http://archive.today/bfR3N Example phone case with practical built-in kickstand and a design of high robustness and good grip.]</ref>
340
341=== Lesser common situations ===
342This section addresses situations that are rather unlikely to occur to non-clusmy users.
343
344==== Anti-theft argument ====
345Those who oppose replaceable batteries argue that software that helps to remotely supervise and potentially find a lost or stolen mobile phone could be rendered ineffective by thieves removing the battery.
346
347However, mobile phones also usually can be forced into power-off with a hard-reset button combination.
348
349In addition, since [[Android]] 9 Pie, Google heavily restricted the ability for anti-theft software to remotely monitor a lost device. There is no official user option to manually grant trusted applications such access.<ref name="antitheft">[https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ Google restricts background access to camera, microphone and device sensors for alleged ''privacy protection''.]</ref>
350
351Such restrictions could only be circumvented by manually granting so-called ''root'' access to the anti-theft software. 
352Google officially discourages granting root-access to any third-party app. Unofficially however, they actively non-verbally solicit users to root their devices by imposing '''[[List of features removed from Android|heavy restrictions]]''' onto their operating system in an unmodified state.
353
354==== Water damage reduction ====
355In case a device with non-replaceable battery that is not water-resistant accidentially gets soaked, the battery can not be removed. Therefore, the battery still provides electricity to the soaked components, which could lead to '''physical heat damage''' on the components from short circuits caused by the water.
356
357If the battery is replaceable, it can be quickly removed to reduce or prevent such damage.
358
359<!-- Unfinished sections:
360-->
361== Summary ==
362: ([[#toc|Jump to table of contents]])
363* [[#History|History:]] During the 2010s decade, most mobile phone vendors transitioned from user-replaceable to non-replaceable batteries, succumbing to a [[design trend]] set by [[Apple]].
364* The battery is the single component of [[mobile phone]]s, [[laptop]]s and other portable electronic devices '''with the shortest lifespan''', thus [[#The_problem:_Planned_obsolescence|technically supposed to be modular and interchangeable.]]
365** Non-replaceable batteries render devices '''near-useless''' upon expiration.
366** Thus, non-replaceable batteries are '''[[planned obsolescence]] by definition.'''
367** Non-replaceable batteries cause much unnecessary '''electronic waste.'''
368** Batteries are '''[[#Vulnerabilities|vulnerable]]''' to heat and so-called “plating” that can be caused by trickle charging.
369* The so-called '''dendrites''' caused by battery weardown are a potential [[#Dendrite_hazard|safety hazard]].
370* User-replaceable batteries provide significant '''convenience and [[#Sense_of_freedom|freedom]]''' to users:
371** Postponing the inevitable demise of a battery involves [[#Sacrifice_of_convenience_and_mobility|frugality]] (e.g. restricting performance by enabling power saving mode; recording video at lower resolutions and framerates), battery care (e.g. avoiding full charging cycles and fast charging) and thus '''[[#sacrifice|sacrificing convenience]]'''.
372** Non-replaceable batteries '''pose users a [[#The_dilemma|dilemma]]''' between inconvenience and fast battery death.
373** Frugality actually simulates an '''already degraded''' battery.
374* Mobile phone vendors encourage accelerating battery weardown with [[#Wireless_discharging|wireless discharging]], a '''squanderous waste''' of the '''scarce''' recharging cycles.
375* Forced replacements of non-replaceable batteries (''[[#surgery|battery surgeries]]'') include working in proximity of delicate hardware and could lead to other side effects described in the article.
376* Even if [[#Device_replacement_argument|one purchases a new device yearly or faster]], one's previous devices could still serve as secondary and substitute devices, if not disabled by battery failure.
377* A mobile phone can be designed with [[#debunked|'''both''' water resistance '''and''' user-replaceable battery]], as has been done in the past already (see [[#debunked|section]] for example devices).
378* The physical space benefit of non-user-replaceable batteries is [[#debunked|short-term only]].
379
380==Trivia==
381
382;Did you know?
383
384*The euphemistic term '''''“[[unibody]]”''''' is thought to have originated in 2008, as a term coined by ''[[Apple|guess who]]''.<ref name="unibody">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAKzfzoSw5c&t=52s First known mention of the term “unibody”: MacBook Pro presentation 2008.]</ref>
385*On older devices and devices with less sophisticated battery monitoring (such as digital cameras and navigation devices), the battery percentage meter is more prone to miscalibration which is mainly caused by battery aging (loss of capacity; more voltage deflection). Battery meters in newer devices however are less prone to miscalibration due to more sophisticated algorithms for monitoring battery parameters and calculating the battery percentage.
386
387==Notes==
388{{NoteFoot}} <!--Instead of {{notelist}}, due to compatibility. -->
389
390==See also==
391{{Navbox mobile phones|related=0}}
392{{Navbox electronics}}
393
394==References==
395<references />
396
397==External links==
398
399*[https://poal.co/s/technology/117245 ''“Non-replaceable batteries: A terrible idea. (The fastest-failing part of a mobile phone has become non-modular.)”'' (Essay, November 2019, Poal.co)]
400*[https://poal.co/s/crApple/141804 ''Why smaller batteries have a shorter lifespan — the vicious aging cycle of tiny iPhone batteries.'']
401*[https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/all-new-iphones-might-be-forced-to-have-a-removable-battery All new phones (including iPhones) might soon be forced to have a removable battery. – TechRadar.com]
402*[https://www.electronicproducts.com/Power_Products/Batteries_and_Fuel_Cells/What_are_dendrites_and_why_do_they_cause_fires_in_lithium_batteries.aspx ''“What are dendrites, and why do they cause fires in lithium batteries?”'' – ElectronicProducts.com]
403*[https://betanews.com/2015/08/18/this-is-precisely-why-phones-without-removable-batteries-are-a-terrible-idea/ ''“This (!) is precisely why phones without removable batteries are a terrible idea.”'' (betanews.com, 2015-08-18)]
404*[https://iphone.appleinsider.com/articles/08/10/06/new_eu_directive_pushes_toward_replaceable_iphone_batteries New EU directive pushes toward replaceable iPhone batteries (2008-10-06)]
405*[https://poal.co/s/LostFeatures/156605 ''“Non-replaceable batteries are necessary” debunked.'']
406*[https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/1177467-would-you-rather-have-a-replaceable-battery-or-slim-design/ The vast majority of voters prefer replaceable batteries over slim design in mobile phones. – Survey on Linus Tech Tips forums.]
407*[https://www.phonearena.com/news/Federal-Environment-Agency-of-Germany-calls-for-sealed-battery-ban_id36843 “Federal Environment Agency of Germany calls for sealed battery ban” (2012-11)]
408*[https://www.techconsumerguide.com/removable-vs-non-removable-batteries/ ''Removable vs non-removable batteries''] - TechConsumerGuide.com
409*[https://www.maketecheasier.com/removable-vs-non-removable-battery/ ''Removable vs. non-removable batteries''] - MakeTechEasier.com
410*[https://thenextweb.com/opinion/2016/02/07/5-reasons-its-time-we-stop-sacrificing-battery-life-for-skinny-phones/ ''5 reasons it's time we stop sacrificing battery life for skinny phones'' (TheNextWeb, 2016-02-07)]
411*Criticism of the then new Samsung Galaxy S6 ''unibody''<sup>([[euphemism]])</sup> design:
412**[https://www.tomsguide.com/us/galaxy-s6-trade-offs,news-20514.html Criticism of Samsung's ''unibody''<sup>(euphemism)</sup> design - TomsGuide (2015-03-01)]
413**[https://www.sammobile.com/2015/03/04/samsung-galaxy-s6-and-s6-edge-intrigue-critics-upset-fans/ Article about massive criticism about Galaxy S6 design and upset fans (2015-03-04)]
414*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuTcavAzopg “''iPod's dirty secret''” (2003) - Viral film by Casey Neistat criticizing the short lifespan (18 months) of the non-replaceable Apple iPod battery.]
415*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=euJfTt2FMb4&t=07m53s Video of iPhone 6 battery failure situation due to coldness. (German)]
416*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70QiqZg9cXo&t=42s Satirical criticism video] by [[CollegeHumor]] mentioning [[#Power_starvation|unexpected power-offs]] as a known phenomenon in iPhones.
417*[https://en.m.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Battery_Power/Lithium_Ion_Batteries WikiBooks article about Lithium-Ion batteries.]
418*[http://androidfact.com/why-you-should-buy-an-android-phone-with-a-removable-battery/ ''“Why you should buy an Android phone with a removable battery”''  — by Bertil Hansen (January 2015)]
419
420[[Category:Mobile phones]]
421[[Category:Electronics]]
422[[Category:Battery (electricity)]]
423[[Category:Technology]]
424[[Category:Benefits]]
425
426
427
428This page documents the benefits of placing the rear camera(s) of [[mobile phone]]s in the corner of the rear side instead of the center.
429
430Although a common argument in favour of centered rear-cameras is the symmetrical design, this is outweighed by the practical benefits of cornered mobile phone cameras.
431
432== Ergonomics ==
433=== Less likely to cover lens ===
434A rear camera placed in the corner is less likely to be unintentionally blocked by the fingers during horizontal camera operation, which allows holding the camera more comfortably and more stamina and in more different ways because there is more grip space for the fingers.<ref>Criticism of the centered Galaxy S3 camera position (deleted video): [http://archive.today/2016.07.15-143235/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeHlUNKoTJo ''“Nokia Lumia 920, iPhone 5 And Galaxy S3 Camera Comparison”''] (2013-02-19; [http://archive.vn/fHWhE short URL], [http://mynokiablog.com/2013/03/24/weekend-watch-nokia-lumia-920-iphone-5-and-galaxy-s3-camera-comparison/ blog post])</ref>
435
436=== Less likely to touch camera lens ===
437During the horizontal operation of the device, accidentally touching it could leave traces of dirt that could disturb the autofocus and affect image quality if not cleaned prior to the next camera operation.
438
439People with long fingers who use mobile phones with rear fingerprint scanner might accidentally touch the camera lens when trying to use it.<ref name=fingerprint>[https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/1209351-do-you-prefer-cornered-or-centered-rear-cameras-on-mobile-phones/?do=findComment&comment=13726277 User ''Jurrunio'' of LinusTechTips forums shares experience with accidentally touching the camera lens when trying to use rear fingerprint scanner.]</ref>
440
441== More efficient usage of physical space ==
442With a centered camera, especially one that is additionally farther away from the vertical top, mobile phones manufacturers are forced to build components around the camera module in the scarce physical space of the device's casing.<ref name>[https://www.quora.com/Why-is-iPhones-camera-placed-on-the-side-and-not-on-the-center-of-the-phone/answer/Rajan-Bhavnani Quora answer by user ''Rajan Bhavnani'' to ''“Why is the iPhone's camera placed on the side and not on the center of the phone?”'']</ref>
443
444It metaphorically resembles starting to pack ones luggage with placing the first item in the center of the space and the attempting to place things around it without moving the first item.
445
446== More perspectives ==
447A corner camera can be closer to the ground, closer to a ceiling, closer to a wall, and easier to lean against a suitcase (or other obstacles) without covering the camera (in case one forgot a mobile phone camera stand and camera mount at home).
448
449== Also see ==
450* [[Benefits of user-replaceable batteries]]
451{{Navbox mobile phones}}
452
453== References ==
454<references />
455
456== External links ==
457* [http://www.canonblogger.com/how-to-hold-your-phone-camera/ ''How to hold your phone camera'' - CanonBlogger.com]
458* [http://forums.macrumors.com/posts/16899440 Relevant post] from [http://forums.macrumors.com/threads/why-is-the-camera-in-the-corner.1547776/#post-16899440 ''MacRumors.com forum thread “Why is the camera in the corner?”], February  23rd 2013
459
460[[Category:Mobile phones]] [[Category:Technology]] [[Category:Benefits]]
461[[Category:Mobile phone cameras]]
462
463
464
465
466Although [[mobile phone]]s act as the main [[camera]] and [[camcorder]] to the majority of people as of 2020, standalone photo and video cameras have numerous benefits that mobile phones lack.
467
468Some of the benefits mentioned here depend on the coarse form factor and model of the devices.
469
470== Physical space ==
471While most mobile phones are slimmer than 1cm due to customer expectations, cameras can, depending on camera type, be sigificantly larger, thus allow for a greater physical space.
472
473=== Image sensor size ===
474The greater physical space of dedicated photo/video cameras allows for larger image senors, which allows for a larger surface size of individual pixels.<ref name=erickim/>
475
476Larger pixels are able to capture more light in the same duration, which allows for shorter exposure times at the same light sensitivity.
477
478In addition, larger image sensors handle higher light sensitivities with less noise.
479
480The camera software of many mobile phones handle noise by applying post-processi g ''noise reduction'', which sacrifices details in the image.
481
482=== Optical zoom ===
483Although mobile phones have increasingly been equipped with multiple rear cameras towards the end of the 2010s decade, to make more use of their limited physical space, some of which serve as telephoto(and video) lenses, the optical zoom capabilities of mobile phones come nowhere close to what many standalone cameras and camcorders have historically been able to offer.
484
485=== Image stabilization ===
486Throughout the 2010s, mobile phone rear cameras have increasingly been equipped with [[optical image stabilization]]. However, due to the limited physical space of the lens, optical image stabilization in mobile phones tends to have a side effect known as the ''Jello Effect''.<ref name=jello>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPAZzSlwdGc ''Samsung Galaxy S6 edge - "Jello Effect" in Video Explained''] (''TechCloud'', 2015-04-28)</ref>
487
488The image stabilization in dedicated cameras tends to be more reliable due to the greater physical space, even at far optical zoom levels.
489
490=== Storage and battery ===
491While most mobile phones released since the mid-2010s decade have '''[[Benefits of user-replaceable batteries|overwhelmingly disadvantageous]]''' non-user-replaceable batteries, and [[Benefits of expandable storage|non-expandable storage]], many cameras and camcorders have easily accessible compartments for the battery and SD card, which allows the [[Benefits_of_user-replaceable_batteries#Instant_swap|quick swapping]] of each with a reserve unit. 
492
493A battery not in usage can be recharged on the go using an external charger connected to the USB port of a [[power bank]] while the surrogate battery powers the standalone camera/camcorder.
494
495Standalone cameras and camcorders usually accept full-size SD cards rather than MicroSD cards. Full-size SD cards are able to be built with greater storage capacities and performance for higher reading speeds when accessed from a computer.
496
497=== Mounting options ===
498Standalone cameras also have more mounting options. Most are equipped with an ISO 1222 screw thread hole, while tripods for mobile phones can not be fastened as reliably as a dedicated tripod screw monut.
499
500== Ergonomics ==
501=== Form factor ===
502The form factor of standalone cameras and camcorders is more suited for steady handheld photography and videography than mobile phones. Many mobile phones have an [[Benefits of corner cameras|inconveniently centered rear camera]].<ref name=erickim>[https://erickimphotography.com/blog/2018/12/19/what-is-the-benefit-of-standalone-digital-cameras/ What is the Benefit of “Standalone” Digital Cameras?] (2018-12-19)</ref>
503
504The shutter button of real cameras usually has two pressure levels, for focussing and capturing. Only few mobile phones, such as the [[Samsung Omnia 2]] (GT-i8000) and the [[Nokia Lumia 1020]] have been equipped with a two-level physical shutter button.
505
506=== Physical buttons ===
507Higher end dedicated cameras such as the Lumix FZ series and the Sony RX100 series have more physical buttons and rotary knobs that, depending on model, allow immediate access to parameters and functionality such as exposure value compensation, zooming, focus, exposure, aperture and customizable shortcuts.
508
509Some cameras, including the Sony RX100 series, are equipped with a dedicated low-power LCD segment display (as known from most pocket calculators) on the top that steadily displays the camera parameters and have a good readability during sunlight.
510
511=== Discouragement of vertical video ===
512Many mobile phone users have a habit of recording video vertically (or ''portrait mode''), which is a fatal habit in videography (except if done intentionally) and heavily diminishes the viewing experience on a monitor or television. Rotation during video recording causes the video to be visible with the wrong orientation on the monitor.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17uHCHfgs60 Demonstration of rotating a mobile phone after having started recording vertically]</ref>{{notetag|Some video player software such as ''VLC Media Player'' allows rotating a video during playback, which can compensate for clumsy rotations during video recording with a mobile phone.}}
513
514The horizontal form factor of dedicated cameras intuitively discourages vertical video recording, which mainly affects amateur users.
515
516=== Inertia ===
517Dedicated bridge/DSLR/DSLM cameras and camcorders usually weigh more than mobile phones.
518
519The inertia caused by the additional weight reduces shakiness, thus facilitates steady handheld photography and videography.<ref name=erickim/>
520
521== Less bannable ==
522Many schools and/or teachers, mainly those of older age, selectively banish the usage of mobile phones during school trips and/or school class, often for reasons other than the camera.
523
524Standalone cameras are less likely to be affected by banishments from schools and/or by teachers than mobile phones.
525
526== Historical ==
527=== Video specifications ===
528{{See also|Comparison of mobile phone camcorders}}
529MiniDV home (consumer) video cameras with 480i60 (NTSC) and 576i50 (PAL) started emerging in the late 1990s decade, followed by 8cm miniature DVD camcorders a few years later, providing a [[Benefits_of_optical_media#Data_portability data portability benefit]] over MiniDV.
530
531In the years towards 2010, affordable 1080p video cameras with far optical zoom and optical image stabilization appeared on the market, and affordable compact cameras have increasingly adapted 720p@30fps video, while the first mobile phone with 720p video functionality was the Samsung Omnia HD, released in 2009.
532
533In 2010, the first consumer-grade 1080p/50p camcorders by Panasonic were released, while the first mobile phones to record at 1080p@30fps were released in 2011, including the Samsung Galaxy S2 and the iPhone 4s. 
534
535The first mobile phones with 1080p@60fps and 2160p@30fps were released in late 2013, such as the Galaxy Note 3. Most mobile phone manufacturers adapted these video recording modes in 2014 and 2015 for their flagship devices, while in mid-range devices, video recording modes above 1080p@30fps have only been slowly adapted towards the end of the 2010s decade.
536
537In 2014, Panasonic released the first 2160p@60fps consumer-grade camcorder (HC-X1000E), while this video recording mode has only been adapted in mobile phones starting in 2017 with the iPhone 8, 8+ and X, followed by other mobile phone vendors in early 2018.
538
539The first mobile phones with [[optical image stabilization]] havehave only been released in 2012, and optical image stabilization has only been widely adapted by mobile phone vendors in the mid-2010s while being a standard feature on dedicated cameras since at least a decade earlier.
540
541=== Manual camera parameters ===
542Mobile phone cameras only started adapting manual camera parameters in the mid-2010s, starting with the Nokia Lumia 1020.
543
544Dedicated cameras and camcorders offered a much wider range of manual settings much earlier. Even compact cameras such as the 2008 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FS series offered settings such as long exposure up to 60 seconds.
545
546== Notes ==
547{{notefoot}}
548
549== See also ==
550{{Navbox electronics}}
551
552== References ==
553{{reflist}}
554
555[[Category:Cameras]]
556[[Category:Video]]
557[[Category:Technology]]
558[[Category:Electronics]]
559[[Category:Benefits]]
560
561{{nutshell|1=
562(With section links)
563* [[#Longevity|Optical media can have a longer life expectancy than other types of data storage.]]
564* [[#Water_resistance|Optical media is water-resistant.]]
565* [[#Reliability|Optical media is reliable and resilient against unexpected failures that could damage existing data]], also known as ''fault tolerance''.
566* Optical media is resilient against [[#Magnetic_immunity|magnetic forces]] and [[#Power_surge_immunity|power surges]].
567* Optical media can have [[#True_write_protection|true write protection]].
568* Optical media has [[#Price_per_piece|the cheapest price per piece]] of physical media.
569* Failures caused by disc aging are predictable well ahead of time, thanks to [[#Error_scanning|error scanning]].
570* Optical discs can not contain [[#Safety|malicious hardware]] such as so-called ''USB killers'' and ''rubber duckies''.
571}}
572{{notice|This article is part of an experiment with paragraph emoticons. Feel free to comment your feedback.}}
573
574
575Different types of data storages ([[Benefits of hard drive storage|HDD]], [[Benefits_of_flash_storage|flash storage]], optical media) have their own sets of strengths and weaknesses.
576
577Although the disadvantages of optical media (e.g. not nearly as portable as SD cards, speed limited by physical rotation speed{{notetag|1=In 1999, the optical drive vendor ''Kenwood'' started experimenting with [[Multibeam]] technology to bypass conventional physical speed limitations of single-beam optical drives.<ref name=Anand-Kenwood72>[https://www.anandtech.com/show/270/2 Kenwood 52X TrueX EIDE CD-ROM –  Mike Andrawes – 1999-03-30 – AnAndTech]</ref>. However, due to immature technology (not very reliable) and high manufacturing costs, multi-beam technology failed on the market.}}, slower access times than HDDs and flash storage) are already well known, this article documents the benefits of optical media, many of which are unknown to most.
578
579== Longevity ==
580⏳ Conventional quality media can be expected to retain full data integrity for at least ten years with normal storage conditions.
581
582?? Specialized types of optical media are claimed to have a life span of over a hundred years (''[[Verbatim Gold]]'') and even a thousand years (''[[M-Disc]]''). 
583
584Although not verified in real-time, one can expect that media to easily hold data as long as needed by an individual.<ref name=EC>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pekgrP-v5O0 Computer scientist Christopher Barnett performs stress test of ''M-Disc'' against conventional recordable DVD.]</ref>
585
586{{anchor|bitfading}}
587
588== Data retention ==
589? Flash storage is prone to data loss caused by electrical charge leaking out of the transistors, causing logical (non-physical) data errors to accumulate over time.<ref name=ni>[https://www.ni.com/de-de/support/documentation/supplemental/12/understanding-life-expectancy-of-flash-storage.html ''National Instruments'' article: ''Understanding life expectancy of flash storage.'' (Revision 2020-02-20)]</ref><ref>[https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub121/sec5/ Publication on optical media life spans by the Council of Library ans Information Resources]</ref>
590This effect is called ''[[bit fading]]''.{{notetag|Audio samples that suffered from bit fading while stored on a low-quality USB flash drive by the vendor ''Hama'': [https://vid8.poal.co/user/Handroid7/ZOm02cN MP3]; [https://vid8.poal.co/user/Handroid7/ENpPsUU Wavesound]}}
591
592? Data in a sector is beyond repair (also known as a ''bad block''), if enough information is lost that the error correction code is no longer able to compensate for the lost information.
593
594? This problem gets worse with higher storage densities (e.g. high-capacity MicroSD cards with little physical space for each sector), worn flash storage (i.e. with fewer remaining writing cycles) and flash storage with low manufacturing quality (e.g. flash storage by vendor ''Hama''). Heat does accelerate bit fading.<ref name=Anandtech>[https://www.anandtech.com/show/9248/the-truth-about-ssd-data-retention ''The truth about SSD data retention'' - AmandTech article]</ref>
595
596Solid state drives usually have a firmware that automatically refreshes the data in the sectors in background or when idle, to prolong data retention. However, many USB sticks and SD cards may not have such a feature.
597
598? In contrary, optical media is immune against bit fading and able to hold data until the end of its lifespan, after which not suddenly much or all data gets lost at once (like at a hard drive crash), but slowly only.
599
600? In addition, damage to optical media (physical damage and ''disc rotting'') is visible to the naked eye, and error correction code is able to retain full data integrity on optical media that is visibly damaged to some extent.
601
602== Error detection ==
603Some USB stick and SD card models do not report bad blocks to the computer accessing the data and return damaged data as if it were healthy data.
604
605Through optical media, the computer is always able to distinguish which sectors are damaged and which sectors are healthy.
606
607== Water resistance ==
608? Although humidity reduces the long-term shelf life span of optical media, optical discs will gracefully survive an accidential splash in a pool without damage.
609
610??  In case of a flooding natural disaster, whose likelihood depends on storage location, optical media has the highest likelihood of survival and is immediately functional (readable from an operational disc drive after drying the disc) if it is not physically damaged, while non-sealed flash storage and hard disks have the least chance of survival and are not operational in case of water ingress.
611
612== Predictable failures ==
613=== Error scanning ===
614??? With tools such as ''[[Nero DiscSpeed]]'' (Windows only) and ''[[QpxTool]]''<ref name=Qpx>[http://QpxTool.SourceForge.io/ QpxTool manual pages]</ref> (cross-platform), failures (bad blocks) caused by disc aging and accelerated failure of low-quality media can accurately be detected years in advance.{{NoteTag|name=note|It should be noted that not all optical drives fully support error scanning. Some optical drives might have restricted or no support. Brands that tend to have poor or no support for error scanning are ''Hitachi&LG Data Storage'' and ''Matshita (Panasonic)''. Vendors with partial or full support are or were ''Plextor'', ''Toshiba & Samsung Storage Technologies'' and ''LiteON''.}}
615
616In contrary, failures on other types of data storage devices such as flash storage (USB, SSD, SD cards) and hard disks are less predictable. ''S.M.A.R.T.'' is only a rough measure for detecting failures, and one should have backups anyway.<ref name=backup>[https://ArchiveTeam.org/index.php/Why_back_up%3F Essay: ''Why back up?'' - ArchiveTeam Wiki]</ref><ref name=DLP>[https://poal.co/s/DataLossPrevention Community to share stories of data loss and tips for prevention.]</ref>
617
618=== Planned obsolescence immunity ===
619While hard drives can deliberately be built to [[#Mechanical|mechanically]] fail prematurely or shortly after expired warranty, and flash storage even is far less predictable, optical media can not have '''hidden''' [[planned obsolescence]] built in.
620
621If a specific optical disc is of low manufacturing quality, thus not expected to retain full data integrity for a long time, error scanning would measure a high error rate immediately after the disc has been written to.
622
623== Safety ==
624=== No malicious hardware ===
625⚡ Malicious hardware such as so-called ''rubber duckies'' which can hijack devices (for example, by pretending to be a keyboard and act maliciously disguised as human input), and ''USB killers'' which may even destroy devices, can be disguised as any USB peripheral, including input and storage devices.<ref name=ElectroBOOM />
626
627Optical discs however can not contain malicious hardware, yet they can [[Live file system|simulate flash storage]]. 
628<!-- 
629== Text dump: ==
630Optical discs (but SD cards presumably too) can not pose as peripherals and hijack the computer. No USB killer possible. In any flash drive (SD cards too, although far less harmful due to restricted physical space) or USB peripherals and external devices, USB killer hardware could be hidden. But never inside optical discs. -->
631
632=== EMP-proof ===
633Optical media has a much greater resistance to electromagnetic impulses (EMP) than flash storage (e.g. SSD, USB sticks, SD cards) and magnetic storage (e.g. HDD, LTO tape).
634
635Data on optical media could '''only''' be damaged from heat produced by electromagnetic waves (e.g. in a microwave), not from electrical currents in the circuitry (flash storage) or destruction of magnetic field arrangements (HDD).
636
637== Reliability ==
638Optical media has a higher fault tolerance than hard disk drives and flash data storage.
639=== Electrical ===
640⚡? Existing data on optical media can not get damaged by so-called ''brown-outs'', which, in a nutshell, is a temporary malfunction of a microcontroller caused by a voltage that is too low for proper operation, but not low enough for complete power-off.<ref name=brownout>[https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/what-is-brown-out-reset-microcontroller-prevent-false-power-down/ ''Brown-outs'' in electronics explained. – All about circuits (2019-10-09; original title: ''“What Is Brown Out Reset in Microcontrollers? How to Prevent False Power-Downs”'')]</ref> Such issues may be caused by an unstable voltage from a damaged power supply.
641
642Although flash storage is the most vulnerable storage type to ''brown-outs'', well-designed circuitry should be capable of handling it without data damage.
643
644=== Mechanical ===
645⚙ In case an optical drive would experience a mechanical failure, which is far less likely than on hard drives due to less delicate components, the disc would just stop spinning (as opposed to a possible hard drive crash) and  be gracefully recoverable through the emergency ejection pinhole of the optical drive.
646
647Hard drives can usually only operate at the fixed speed they were designed for (e.g. 5400 rpm, 7200 rpm), while optical drives can spin at any speed below the maximum speed for read access. Some optical drives allow read access '''during''' disc acceleration. Supported writing speeds of optical media depend on the supported speed range of the media type. The range of speed is wide for write-once media and narrow for rewriteable media.
648
649== Price per piece ==
650? For offline (hard-copy) distribution of data, optical media has, by far, the cheapest prices per piece.
651
652?️ One disc costs less per piece in larger spindle packages such as 50 and 100 discs.
653
654???? In conutries with poor speeds and availability of Internet, such as [[Iran]], optical media is a popular medium for file sharing.
655
656== True write protection ==
657✏? A disc that is non-(re)writeable, finalised or accessed through a ''-ROM'' (read-only) disc drive is immune against writing access.
658Therefore, malicious software (malware) would be unable to cause damage to the data or spread through optical media.
659
660? Although it can also prevent accidential write access by the user, that can also be achieved by mounting the file system as read-only.
661
662== Power surge immunity ==
663⚡ A power surge caused by a lightning strike, malfunctions in the power grid or power supply unit, or malicious hardware (i.e. so-called ''USB killers'') could immediately render attached flash storage defective and destroy the data on them.<ref name=ElectroBOOM>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_bbX_Ch1Z8 Electrical engineer Mehdi Sadaghdar explains vulnerability of flash storage to so-called ''USB killers''.]</ref>
664
665? Hard drives may be recoverable using laboratory forensic tools after a power surge that destroyed the control circuitry, if no physical damage has been induced onto the metal plates which store the data.
666
667? A power surge might as well destroy the circuitry of an optical disc drive, but the media itself can gracefully be recovered using the emergency ejection pinhole of the disc drive and then retrieved through an operational disc drive.
668
669== Magnetic immunity ==
670? Data storage technologies that rely on magnetic technology for reading and writing (e.g. hard disk drives, LTO tapes, floppy disks) are more or less prone to interference by external magnetic forces. 
671
672Whether during operation or not, excessove magnetic forces could damage data on magnetic data storage devices. Therefore, such devices should not be stored in the proximity of magnets.
673
674Although excessive magnetic forces might interfere with the operation of an optical drive, the optical media itself is completely immune to magnetic forces.
675
676Long-term exposure to magnetic forces can not damage data stored on optical media.<ref name=sciencing>[https://sciencing.com/do-affect-cds-audio-tapes-5295950.html Sciencing.com article: ''How do magnets affect CDs & Aasette Tapes?'']</ref>
677
678
679As a reference, flash storage is able to withstand strong '''static''' magnetic fields, but is vulnerable to quickly changing magnetic fields due to electromagnetic induction.<ref name=flashmagnet>[https://superuser.com/questions/338641/is-it-possible-to-wipe-ssd-with-strong-magnetic-force#:~:text=No%2C%20because%20flash%20memory%20devices,the%20way%20hard%20drives%20do.&text=However%2C%20unless%20you're%20moving,or%20other%20flash%20memory%20device. Answer to ''“Is it possible to wipe SSD with strong magnetic force?”''  on SuperUser.com]</ref>
680
681== Random access ==
682All optical media supports random access reading. Some types also support random access writing.
683
684This is a benefit of optical discs compared to linear tape storage, another archival option with high reliability and shelf life span, higher data density and lower price per unit (note: but LTO drives are very expensive), but no random access ability.
685
686== Safe ejections ==
687{{See also|Loading mechanisms of optical drives}}
688Drives with a tray loading or slot loading mechanism can be locked by the computer to prevent unexpected ejection during write access and with unfinished [[Universal Disk Format|UDF]] session which can be finished prior to ejection upon pressing the ejection button on the optical drive.
689
690In addition, optical discs are immune against loose contact issues known from USB sticks and SD cards
691
692The spinning sound from an optical drive does accoustically signal the user that it is currently in use. The disc is internal and does not stick out of the device like USB sticks do.
693
694The LED I/O indication light usually blinks slower during write access than during read access. The behaviour and blinking pattern of the LED indicatior lamp varies between vendors of optical drives.
695
696== Benefits at time of release ==
697This section documents benefits of optical media at the time the disc type was released to the market.
698
699=== Random access ===
700? A significant benefit of any spinning disk medium (optical, [[HDD]], [[Vinyl]]) over linear tape storage (e.g. MiniDV, compact audio casettes, VHS, etc.) is the random read access ability.
701
702? This meant that any content on audio CDs, Video CDs (those using MPEG1), ''Super Video CDs'' (those using MPEG2) and DVDs was accessible within seconds without the need to fast-forward or rewind until reaching the spot, as needed on the then popular video casettes and compact audio casettes.
703
704? Miniature (8cm diameter) recordable DVDs were also used as an alternative to ''MiniDV'' casettes for camcorders in the early 2000s, both of which have been succeeded by camcorders using [[SD card]]s.
705
706=== High speeds ===
707? At the time of release in the 1990s, CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs were '''hundreds of times faster''' than the average Internet speeds and the speed of floppy disks.<ref name=scr-dl>Scene from [https://youtu.be/A81IwlDeV6c?t=1352 ''The Kids' Guide to the Internet'' (1997)] at 22m32s: Screensaver file downloads at around 900 '''bytes''' per second.</ref><ref name="DVD-106">[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVD-106S+ATAPI Pioneer DVD-106S ATAPI specification sheet]: DVD-ROM drive released in the year 2000 with max. '''16×''' constant angular velocity (CAV), which is 9.2 to '''22.16''' MB/s from inner to outer data edge.</ref>
708
709=== High capacities ===
710? In the 1990s, [[floppy disk]]s were commonly used for transferring data between computers, later succeeded by flash drives.
711
712But floppy disks were heavily limited in capacity and speed, and other proprietary media types such as ''Iomega Zip disks'' brought a risk of vendor lock-in.
713
714? The capacity of CDs and DVDs in the 1990s often exceeded the internal hard drive capacities of computers.
715
716=== Digitalness ===
717==== Data portability ====
718? Data stored on CDs, DVDs and BluRay discs can directly and quickly be retreived and backed up using a computer equipped with an optical drive (built-in or external).
719
720?? Even the latest BluRay drives are still [[backwards-compatible]] to the earliest CDs.
721
722In comparison, data stored on analogue media (e.g. tape) needs to be played back at original speed (×1) through an analog-to-digital converter connected to a computer. There is a slight loss of quality in the process.
723
724==== Lossless retrieval ====
725✨ Data stored on intact digital media can be read and replicated (copied) indefinitely without loss of information. Error correction mechanisms ensures full data integrity despite damage to some extent.
726
727? A common problem with analog media such as compact audio casettes, video casettes and vinyl has been the slight degradation of quality and wear-down after each reading cycle due to friction from the reading head. 
728
729♻️? Analog media (non-digital magnetic tape storage and also paper) also suffers from ''generational'' losses, which means that a copy has a slightly lower quality than the original, of which the quality loss would accumulate over time after each level of copying (''copies of copies'').
730
731? Because data from optical media is retreived without physical contact by the reading head to the disc, but with a laser beam instead (hence '''''optical''''' media), data from optical discs can be retreived an indefinite amount of times without directly slightly damaging it.
732
733== Non-technical benefits ==
734This section documents benefits of optical media that are outside of technical nature. These benefits vary based on user perception.
735=== Nostalgia ===
736Similar to [[Vinyl]] records, optical media provides a sense of nostalgia to some users.
737
738The rotation, if visible, could provide additional visual feedback of music playback.
739=== Physical substance ===
740When stored on flash storage, the data exists in the form of charged nanotransistors.
741
742On optical media and vinyl, the data (i.e. music) is physically engraved on the media.
743==== Sense of assurance ====
744The high [[#Reliability|fault tolerance]] and [[#True_write_protection|true write protection ability]] of optical media provides the user with a sense of assurance and freedom from potential random unexpected failures.
745
746==== Sense of stability ====
747Data written on optical media is more engraved than e.g. on a hard drive or USB stick.
748
749Write-once media provides true protection against overwriting, and even overwriting data on rewriteable media takes much more technical effort (bundled laser beam heating up the phase change material to hundreds of degrees of a short moment) than reprogramming transistors in flash memory or altering some magnetic fields on the rotating disk of a hard drive, which provides a sense of stability.{{efn|group=note|1=Obviously, the ease of writing on HDDs and especially flash storage is beneficial in other applications such as flash storage in portable devices and hard drives in cost-efficient server usage.}}
750==== Sense of appreciation ====
751One can have a sense of appreciation on how the optical drive works under the hood to read from the disc and deliver the content.
752
753Some might feel a sense of enthusiasm from the engine sound of optical drives operating at high speeds, that resembles what automotive enthusiasts perceive from vehicles.
754
755==== Sense of ownership ====
756Although 2020s Internet bandwidths enable streaming videos in high qualities to more users than ever before, offline media provides a sense of assurance that the data (e.g. a movie) is always accessible and not prone to potential technical issues of the streaming provider and the [[Internet service provider]].<ref name=stream>[https://www.vox.com/culture/2016/12/27/14057894/physical-media-essential-streaming-dvd-bluray-netflix ''Why physical media remains essential in the age of streaming'' - Vox.com article (2016-12-27)]</ref>
757
758=== Bonus material ===
759Movies on optical media often contain bonus materials such as insights behind the scenes (''making-of's''), exclusive interviews and commentaries.<ref>[https://hometheaterreview.com/why-blu-ray-is-still-better-than-streaming-today/ ''Why Blu-ray Is Still Better Than Streaming Today''] - Home Theater Review (2017 or earlier)</ref>
760
761---- 
762<!--
763. Good for long lasting offline hard copies and offline file distribution.
764
765
766No point of mechanical failures that would lead to data loss. A mechanical failure could physically damage a hard drive, but the optical disc would just stop spinning. Also, an optical drive has less delicate parts than a hard drive.
767
768Floppy disks are technically obsolete but can still be purchased in some tech stores for retrocomputing/nostalgia and experimental purposes. But optical discs still have technical benefits that hard disks and flash storage can't fulfill, and vice versa obviously too.
769
770
771
772No malicious USB rubber duckies. Optical discs (but SD cards presumably too) can not pose as peripherals and hijack the computer.
773No USB killer possible. In any flash drive (SD cards too, although far less harmful due to restricted physical space) or USB peripherals and external devices, USB killer hardware could be hidden. But never inside optical discs!
774
775-->
776
777== Also see ==
778* [[Observations on optical disc drives]]
779* [[Loading mechanisms of optical disc drives]]
780{{Navbox data storage}}
781
782== Notes ==
783{{NoteFoot}}
784
785== References ==
786<references />
787
788== External links ==
789* [https://poal.co/s/TellPoal/148944 Essay on the benefits of optical media on Poal.co]
790* [https://www.quora.com/Why-do-you-still-buy-CDs Answers to “Why do people still buy CDs?” on Quora]
791* [https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_11.70.0/com.ibm.oss.doc/ids_oss_006.htm ''IBM Artillerie'' about the benefits of optical media.]
792*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_media_preservation Wikipedia article about optical media preservation]
793*[https://club.myce.com/t/dvds-in-the-sun-uv-test-mbi-vs-umedisc-vs-verbatim-vs-maxell-protek/398841 Independent test of quality degradation of conventional media vs. quality media (''Maxell ProTek'') under sunlight exposure over months.]
794* [https://archive.today/2003.08.09-173755/http://web.archive.org/web/20030809173755/http://www.pioneerelectronics.com/pe/article/0,,2076_4245_52007,00.html Optical media white papers ?? by Pioneer Electronics (2001)]
795* [https://dailybrandstory.com/optical-media/#:~:text=Features%20and%20Benefits%20of%20Optical%20Media,lose%20the%20data%20on%20them. Article about optical media on ''DailyBrandStory.com''.]
796* [https://www.wired.com/2015/05/sony-buys-facebook-spinoff-give-new-life-blu-ray/ Article: ''“Sony Buys a Facebook Spinoff to Give New Life to Blu-ray”''] – ''WIRED.COM'' (2015-05-27)
797* Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvwuAKi1ZB4 DVD: The Death Knell of Laserdisc] [26m12s] – [[Technology Connections]] (2018-03-18)
798
799[[Category: Technology]]
800[[Category: Data storage]]
801[[Category: Benefits]]
802[[Category:Optical media]]
803
804
805{{notice|Anyone is invited to share their observations here. <br /> If anything is unclear, or if your observations deviate from these observations, please write it on this article's discussion page.}}
806
807==General==
808===Rotation speeds===
809Results of various acoustically measured angular speeds by matching tone pitch with sine wave tone generator (Android app ''“<code>com.dutchmatic.patone</code>”''), divided by 2 or 4 depending on octave, multiplied by 60 to get rotations per minute (''rpm''), and mathematically verified by measuring other CAV and CLV (÷2.4 at inner edge) rotation speeds.
810
811*CD 48×CAV: 9720 rpm{{notetag|Appears to vary slightly. Another measurement suggests 9840 rpm.}}
812*DVD single layer 16×CAV: 9360 rpm
813*DVD dual layer 12×CAV: 7680 rpm
814*BluRay dual layer 12×CAV: 10000 rpm
815
816===Speed limits===
817*Most half-height (desktop) DVD writers released since 2007 have a speed limit of 16×CAV for DVD±R single layer and 12×CAV for DVD±R dual layer, DVD-ROM dual layer and DVD±RW.<ref name="Myce-2007ODD">Myce.com thread: [https://club.myce.com/t/why-are-dvd-rw-reading-speeds-capped-at-x12-cav-since-2007/407341 Why are DVD±RW reading speeds capped at ×12 CAV since 2007?]</ref>
818*Many dedicated DVD drives released between 2005 and 2010 supported writing CD-RW UltraSpeed + (32×Z-CLV), DVD-RAM at 12×P-CAV, DVD+R DL at 16×CAV, DVD-R DL at 12×CAV and DVD±R at speeds beyond 16×CAV, while more recent backwards-compatible Blu-Ray drives have limits of CD-RW UltraSpeed (24×Z-CLV), DVD-RAM 5×CLV, DVD±R DL 8×CAV and DVD±R 16×CAV writing speeds.
819*DVD-ROM drives appear to have faster disc recognition times, possibly due to having to differentiate between fewer media types (only by coarse disc type and reflectivity, no sub-types and whether the disc is empty or written to)
820*DVD-ROM drives appear to have faster random read access times, possibly because of the lighter optical pickup unit that houses the laser lens.<ref name="DVD-106" />
821
822===Disc damage===
823*Some damaged discs happen to be better readable at lower speeds (generally factory-stamped media), while others '''actually at higher speeds''' (generally recordable media). The reason for this behaviour is unknown.
824** A possible explanation is that disc damage could distract the tracking of the lens too much sideways at lower speeds, while at higher speeds, the lens is not able to dodge the track sideways fast enough to lose track of it.
825**Higher rotation speeds and lower laser power might '''improve''' digital audio extraction (DAE) readability by reducing the likelihood of the optical drive getting hiccup-stuck.<ref name="myce-HighSpeedDAE">Myce.com forum post: [https://club.myce.com/t/how-come-some-optical-drives-tend-to-handle-scratched-discs-better-at-higher-speeds-gets-stuck-at-lower-speeds/407570 ''How come some optical drives tend to handle scratched discs better at higher speeds? (gets stuck at lower speeds)''] + Related experiment: Readability at lower laser power</ref><ref name="myce-DAEobservation">[https://club.myce.com/t/dae-observation-works-better-at-higher-speeds-for-scratched-cds-technical-reasons/407324 ''DAE observation: Works better at higher speeds for scratched CDs. Technical reasons?'']</ref>
826*Some DVD writers falsely detect a too heavily scratched DVD-RW as empty.
827*Physically undamaged factory-pressed discs could still have reading issues at higher angular and/or linear velocities.<ref name="Myce-UndamagedError">Myce.com thread: [https://club.myce.com/t/undamaged-dvd-dual-layer-unreadable-at-outer-edge-beyond-4x-speed/407493 Undamaged DVD (dual layer) unreadable at outer edge beyond 4× speed]</ref>
828*New LG BluRay drives tend to perform poorly with damaged audio CDs (tends to get hiccup-stuck at lower speeds), while TSSTcorp drives released between 2006 and 2010 handle damage well.
829**Optical drives tend to perform better DAE's on damaged CD-R than normal CDs. Is it possible that some optical drives use too much laser power for reading normal CDs, which negatively affects handling of scratches?
830*Rewriting a CD-RW from the brand ''SK'' multiple times without first blanking it occasionally leads to logical C2 errors in the thousands, which can be repaired by fully blanking the CD.
831**Drives from LiteON and HL-DT-ST try to deliever a clean digital audio extraction (DAE), thus refuse to return data from such an audio CD, while drives by TSSTcorp tend to prioritize speed during DAE and just read through it and return the noisy audio.
832
833===Packet writing===
834*When using a [[UDF]] live file system on an optical drive of which the writing speed is higher than the reading speed (packet writing software usually requests the highest possible writing speed), and software (including the packet writing software itself) read-accesses the disc, the disc will spin down to the throttled reading speed just to read the requested sector, which causes it to repeatedly inefficiently and annoyingly spin up for writing and down for reading.
835**This problem could be solved if optical drives allowed power users to '''optionally''' manually enforce reading and writing speed ranges.
836**CLV (constant angular velocity) mode during random writes could significantly slow down the writing process, which especially is a problem when adding many small files.<ref name=TC2-RAM>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9aZuFOTHtQ DVD-RAMifications (experiments and other goodies relating to DVD-RAM)] – [[Technology Connections]] 2 (2019-01-11)</ref>
837***A possible solution would be the ability for the user to enforce CAV (or at least P-CAV) mode. Evidently, rewriteable media is able to tolerate deviations from the rating speeds by a factor of 2.4× from the lowest to the highest '''technically''' supported linear writing velocity.
838*When treating a DVD+RW{{notetag|Also works with DVD-RW, but DVD+RW is more reliable for this purpose due to superior random writing capabilities.}} like an USB flash drive and writing to it from many different optical drives, many beautiful rings can be seen on the data side that add up over time.
839
840===Weardown===
841The laser light of earlier optical drives tends to lose power after recording too many discs. Possible effects include:
842
843*A DVD recorder used to recorded onto many DVD-RW's might not be able to detect CD-RW at all (as if no disc were inserted in the tray).
844*However, reading DVD-RW with an aged DVD laser surprisingly works more reliable than DVD-R.
845*''PRINCORGM1'' media appears to have a higher reflectivity than other DVD-R media, making it more detectable with drives that have an aged DVD laser.
846*DVD+R appears to be more reliably readable than DVD-R with an aged DVD laser.
847*Moisturizing the disc by breathing against it imminently before closing the tray could make DVD-R more detectable because the drive assumes a higher laser power to begin with due to the temporarily lower reflectivity caused by the temporary fog on the disc's data layer.
848**In rare occasions, this might lead to the detection of the wring disc type (e.g. DVD-RAM)<ref name="S182-R-RAM">[https://poal.co/s/Electronics/178934 Moist DVD-R detected as DVD-RAM by S182!] – Poal.co/s/Electronics (2020-06-13)</ref>
849*In rare occasions, a drive with aged laser might detect a normal DVD-R (12cm diameter) as a miniature (8cm diameter) DVD-R.
850*DVD-R appears to be more detectable with an aged laser if the drive was warmer upon insertion.
851**The possible reason for that is that the higher ohmic resistance caused by the warmth makes the drive compensate by using a slightly higher voltage for the laser.
852
853===Error scanning===
854Observations on error/quality scanning. The list is currently far from complete.
855
856*''Nero DiscSpeed'' disables error scanning on discs where the last session is not closed.
857*Although it is possible to record rewriteable media at underspeed, the more the recording speed deviates from the rated speed, the higher is the error rates.
858**When recording high-speed media (e.g. 6× speed DVD-RW) on a slower drive (e.g. slim type drive), it has to record 6× zoned constant linear velocity (''Z-CLV''), of which the zones have speeds of 3× CLV, 4× CLV and 6× CLV. <br />According to tests, the error rate is around 1.4K PIE and 100 PIF in the 3× CLV zone but only around 600 PIE and 20 PIF in the 4× CLV zone, and only 80 PIE and 3 PIF in the 6× CLV zone.
859
860===Specific media===
861{{expand section}}
862* CD-RW HS media by the vendor ''SK'' appears to be more readable than those by the vendor ''Verbatim'' on early CD players which struggle with low media reflectivity.
863* An audio track to a CD-RW can be appended without rewriting the entire disc, by unclosing the session and adding the track in ''TAO'' (''Track-at-once'') mode.
864** Example command – adapt if necessary: <code>wodim  blank=unclose dev=/dev/sr2 -tao -v -audio AudioFile.wav</code>
865
866===Software===
867* On internal SATA and PATA/IDE drives (both [[half-height]] and [[slim type]]) used externally through an adapter, starting the '''RimhillEX''' software for controlling disc speeds iniates a full blanking command on CD-RW and DVD-RW if inserted (but not DVD+RW or any other disc type). The optical drive becomes and stays unresponsive until disconnected.
868** This only happens when starting the software while the disc is inserted, not if the software was has already been opened before insertion.
869** On external drives (both half-height and slim type), the drive spins up upon starting RimhillEX, and the LED indicator blinks in a way that indicates writing access, but shortly after spinning up,  it spins back down instead of performing a full blanking and becomes responsive again.
870* When performing a test burn using Nero DiscSpeed, it writes the speed graph data and drive model type to the end (outermost edge) of a disc (latter readable using HEX editor), which can be viewed with the software.
871** This is not to be confused with the DVD-R/RW ''recorder information'' (model of used drive), which is written by most, if not all DVD-R/RW writers at the beginning (innermost data area edge) of the disc and can also be viewed inside Nero DiscSpeed.
872
873==Vendor-specific==
874Observations with optical drives of specific vendors.
875
876===TSSTcorp===
877* ✅  TSSTcorp drives support error scanning (C1, C2, PIE, PIF).
878*After encountering disc damage, TSSTcorp drives allow speeding up to full drive speed on later undamaged parts of the same disc, while HL-DT-ST drives limit the speed after encountering disc damage until ejected and reloaded.
879* Upon ejection (both ejection button and SCSI command) while the disc is not moving, the drive often does unnecessarily spin up (to 10×CAV for CD and 4×CAV for DVD), then spin down again and eject, instead of ejecting immediately.
880*VCD (VideoCD) reading speed is limited to 16×CAV, for both slim type and desktop (half-height) drives.
881**HL-DT-ST doesn't mind reading VCDs at full speed (48×CAV (constant angular velocity) and even 52×CAV for few drives like GDR-H20N)
882*While having a good recording quality on CD-RW HS media by ''Verbatim'', TSSTcorp drives appear to struggle with CD-RW HS media by the vendor ''SK''.
883* Unlike HL-DT-ST drives, TSSTcorp optical drives tend to read through damaged audio CDs 
884** This includes reading through logical (repairable non-physical) errors on a CD-RW by vendor ''“SK”'', caused by rewriting it too many consecutive times (>10) without full blanking (on any drive), leading to logical error rates of >3000 C2 errors, where the audio is barely hearable in the noise.
885** In comparison, LiteON and HL-DT-ST optical drives are likelier to return a CDDA sector as errornous instead of returning the damaged data.
886*When trying to close the tray via SCSI command on a laptop (slim type) drive, it returns the SCSI code <i><code>02 / 3A / 02</code> (“MEDIUM NOT PRESENT - TRAY OPEN”)</i>, unlike optical drives by HL-DT-ST.
887*On load or eject command for half-height drives, the drive only responds '''''after''''' the loading/ejection is finished, while HL-DT-ST drives respond immediately, allowing to respond to further commands before the tray has finished ejecting/closing.
888*When an internal PATA/IDE drive is used externally through an adapter, disconnecting the USB plug from the port powers off the entire drive, while a HL-DT-ST PATA/IDE drive keeps running (temporary idle spinning; tray can be ejected and closed), although restarting on reconnection.
889**If the PATA/IDE data interface is disconnected, but '''not''' the power interface, the TSST drive powers on again. The state above only applies if the USB is disconnected while the PATA/IDE data interface unit is connected.
890**This is not the case with internal SATA drives connected through an external USB adapter.
891*For audio CDs, some TSSTcorp optical drives do not respond to <code>eject /dev/sr''[number]'' -x ''[number]''</code> or <code>hdparm -E ''[number]'' /dev/sr''[number]''</code>, but when played back using <code>mplayer -cdrom-device /dev/sr''[number]'' cdda:// ''[parameters]''</code>, they slow down to 10×CAV while speeding up to 40×CAV when read through <code>cdparanoia</code>.<ref name="Myce-speedrq">[https://club.myce.com/t/mplayer-and-cdparanoia-request-disc-speeds-differently-than-eject-and-hdparm-e-how/407544 Myce.com thread: ''““mplayer” and “cdparanoia” request disc speeds differently than “eject -x” and “hdparm -E”. How?”'']</ref>
892*SH-S182 (2006, half-height): Writes Verbatim CD-RW HS media properly, but SK CD-RW HS media still appears blank after writing. Apparently, it miscalibrates the laser and uses too little power.
893**Allows writing speeds of 4×CLV and 10×CLV for CD-RW HS media.
894**Excellent DAE (digital audio extraction) performance on damaged audio CDs: Low noise, no skipping except when reading thicker scratches at lower speeds.
895*Earlier TSSTcorp drive models (until ~2007) write the last few sectors (independently from used disc capacity) on CD-R media improperly, which could cause the end of the last written file (with the highest LBA (logical block address)) to be unreadable.
896**Some disc authoring/writing software has an option named ''“Pad data tracks”'', that appends a few additional blank sectors at the end of the data stream to prevent this problem.
897*SE-208DB, SN-208FB(but not SU-208CB) (2012, slim-type): Uses an inferior ejection mechanism, where the optical pickup unit (that houses the laser lens) pushes against the edge to open the tray. For this, it needs to move all the way to the end, creating a delay on ejection and a  sound from the laser moving to the end.
898** In return, the SE-208DB and SN-208FB have an excellent reading performance on a heavily scratched audio CD, while the SU-208CB is not much better than the BE14NU40.
899** The damaged DVD reading performance of all three models is similarly good.
900** The BLDC motor of the SE-208DB and SN-208FB sound alike, while the SU-208CB sounds somewhat different.
901** SE-208/SN-208 appear to have a better DVD±R recording quality than SU-208, both similar on CD-R.
902** SU-208 appears to have a better recording quality on CD-RW than SE/SN-208
903* TS-H653B (2007, half-height)
904** According to a user report, this model has compatibility issues with a specific SATA adapter.<ref name=SATA201712>[https://club.myce.com/t/h653b-hates-sata-adapter-read-request-frozen-forever/399808 Myce.com post: ''H653B hates SATA adapter? Read request frozen forever''] (2017-12-22)</ref> This issue may exist in several other optical drive models as well,.
905
906===HL-DT-ST===
907* ❌  HL-DT-ST drives lack one of the greatest [[benefits of optical media]]: Ability to run [[Benefits_of_optical_media#Predictable_failures_with_error_scanning|quality scans]].
908**Some drives (e.g. BE12LU38, BE14NU40, /BE16NU40) support ''C2'' error scanning only, but unreasonably halt scanning at the first CU error.
909*More recent HL-DT-ST drives such as the BU20 do not halt the disc upon reaching the idle spinning time-out (usually 30 seconds to 1 minute), but just let it spin out.
910*Speed throttling due to disc damage does disable the dismissed speed options, even for undamaged parts of the disc, until next ejection. This means that software such as ''RimhillEX'' or commands such as <code>eject /dev/sr''_'' -x ''[speed]''</code> can no longer call for these higher speed options until ejecting and re-loading the disc.
911*Connecting the USB port of a powered-on half-height external HL-DT-ST drive to any power source such as a power bank (untested with drives of other vendors) does close the tray.
912*GDR8162B (2003, half-height ROM) (PATA/IDE via external adapter):
913**When breathing against a CD-ROM/R immediately before insertion, the lower reflectivity caused by the temporary fog causes the drive to detect it as CD-RW, which suggests that many earlier CD/DVD-ROM drives distinguished between factory-pressed (CD-ROM)/write-once (CD-R) and rewriteable (CD-RW) media by measuring the reflectivity.
914**Issuing a disc speed command changes the angular spinning speed immediately without needing to read any data.
915**For CDs, the only manually requestable speeds are 24×CAV, 32×CAV, 40×CAV and 48×CAV (availability varies per disc type and integrity). However, on damaged media, the drive might limit the speed to 10×CAV or 4×CLV, which can not be manually requested.
916***Damage can be simulated by confusing the drive using the command <code>rpt=10;while [ $rpt -gt 0 ]; do cdplay 1 start -d /dev/sr''[number]'';cdplay 2 start -d /dev/sr''[number]''; rpt=$(( rpt - 1 )); done</code>, forcing the speed down to 10×CAV or even 4×CLV. This requires a disc with ≥2 audio tracks. This command might only work on somewhat damaged CDs. You may adapt the track numbers to set it to access more damaged parts of the disc.
917**Requesting the playback of VideoCD (''vcd'') contents from an audio CD (''cdda'') using <code>mplayer -cdrom-device /dev/''[name of SCSI ROM]'' vcd://''[track number]'' -cache ''[kB]'' -cache-min ''[percemt]]''</code> causes the drive to disconnect and require physically being reconnected.
918** Appears to struggle reading CMC Magnetics DVD-RW media, presumably due to low reflectivity, but manages to read RITEK DVD-RW and DVD+RW just fine (at nonstandard 5×CAV speed)
919** Other reading speeds: DVD-ROM DL: 8×CAV, DVD±R: 6×CAV, CD-RW: 40×CAV, VCD (CD-ROM/R/RW): 40×CAV.
920*GDR-H20N (2007, half-height ROM) (SATA via external adapter):
921**Supports DAE (digital audio extraction) of CD and CD-R at 52×CAV, while most optical drives throttle it at 40×CAV.
922**Supports reading factory-printed CD and CD-R with VideoCD contents at 52× CAV too.
923**Operates well on half the supposed voltage (6 volts), albeit at a lower spinning speed.
924*More recent models limit DVD-Video and DVD-Video DL reading speed to 12×CAV and 8×CAV respectively, rather than 16×CAV and 12×CAV respectively.
925*More recent models may return bad (damaged) sectors (blocks) on video DVDs, possibly to smooth out playback but with the risk of returning damaged data in case data recovery is the desired outcome.
926*BE14NU40 (2014, half-height)
927**The drive's firmware limits reading speeds on DVD-Video SL/DL (factory-pressed and ±R) to 12×CAV/8×CAV instead of 16×CAV/12×CAV respectively.
928**Fails reading ''Princo Budget'' DVD-R (''PRINCORGM1'') media entirely after trying to read the disc with what accoustically sounds like 3×CLV instead of 2×CLV on other DVD±R media.
929***''PRINCORGM1'' media has a purple dye rather than a cherry-red ''RITEKF1'' type dye.
930**Although it has an excellent reading performance on damaged DVDs, its reading performance on scratched CDDA (Audio CDs) is so poor that even earliest CD players from the 1980s are able to cope with it better. 
931*** Even with moderate disc damage that 1980s CD players handle gracefully, the BE14NU40 tends to get hiccup-stuck and unable to find track, which is more likely to happen at lower linear speeds, while it might manage to dash through the damage uninterrupted at higher speeds.
932**On DVD-Video (including DVD±R/RW/R DL video), the drive might '''return data from damaged sectors as healthy''' to the computer, presumably to prioritize smooth playback over full data integrity.
933** Excellent CD/DVD recording quality (BluRay uncompared yet) – low error rates and good CD-RW readability on earlier CD players that usually struggle with low media reflectivity.
934** While writing CD-RW, the measured writing speed slightly slows down for a short moment (downward bulge in speed graph) once every 6 minutes (data position), starting at minute 2 (data position), then every 6 minutes until the end of the disc (2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, etc.), presumably to calibrate some laser parameters.
935*DH18NS: One of the rare 18×CAV DVD-ROM drives. (Reading speeds on DVD±R(W) and DVD-ROM LD/±R DL are unknown.)
936**Most DVD writers since ~2007 read DVD-ROM and DVD±R at up to 16×CAV, while this signle DVD-ROM drive reads DVD-ROM at 18×CAV. Why DVD writers lack support for reading DVD-ROM at 18×CAV is unknown. They possibly would have supported it technically.
937
938===Pioneer===
939*All reading/writing speeds for CDs, CD-Rs and CD-RWs are limited to 40×CAV.
940*Early Pioneer drives until DVR-107 (early 2004) limited VideoCD reading speeds to 4×CLV (constant linear velocity). Not even kidding.<ref name="DVR-107" />
941**Since the DVR-108 (late 2004), it is at least 10×CAV (listed as ''9.3×CAV'').<ref name="DVR-108">[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVR-108 Pioneer DVR-108 specification sheet]</ref>
942*DVD recorders use a variant of optical drives (e.g. ''DVR-R07''<ref name=R07>[https://www.lcd-tv-parts.com/pioneer-drive-dvr-r07or-e99677-dvrr07or.html 
943''PIONEER - DRIVE - DVR-R07OR/R07RZ, E99677, DVRR07OR''] – LCD-TV-parts.com</ref> instead of DVR-107) with a special 40-pin ZIF (zero insertion force) connector and a miniature version of the PATA power connector.<ref name=myce-ZIF>Club.MyCE.com thread: [https://club.myce.com/t/optical-drives-in-dvd-recorders-use-a-strange-40-pin-zif-connector-and-a-miniature-ide-power-input/407580/ ''
944Optical drives in DVD recorders use a strange 40-pin ZIF connector and a miniature IDE power input?
945'']</ref>
946
947===Lite-ON===
948* ✅  Supports error scanning (C1/C2/PIE/PIF).
949**Appears to report higher error rates than [[#TSSTcorp|TSSTcorp]] drives with the same discs.
950*Ability to read data from a disc '''during''' acceleration.
951**Ability to start error scanning during acceleration, but higher error rates are reported for the part scanned during acceleration.
952*No additional speed limitation for VCD and miniature (8cm) discs
953*LiteON optical drives favour Z-CLV and CLV over P-CAV and CAV. Example: Slim type LiteON drive record CD-R at 24×Z-CLV instead of 24×CAV.
954*LiteON slim type drives appear to have a good recording quality on CD-R and DVD±R, an above-average recording quality on CD-RW, but only a moderate recording quality on DVD±RW.
955*If the last session of a CD-R is not closed, LiteON slim drives appear to lock the rotation speed to 8×CLV.
956*Earlier LiteON slim drives apparently struggle detecting overburned CD-RW media
957
958===Matshita (Panasonic)===
959* ❌ Drives lack error scanning.
960*UJ880D (2008, slim type): 
961** <s>Apparently does '''occasionally''' not write the time code of Audio CD on ''“SK”'' (vendor name) CD-RW HS media properly. The table of contents is burned properly, but CD players keep seeking indefinitely when a track is selected.</s> (Unable to reproduce a second time) However, data discs are written properly by the model.
962**'''If''' a CD-RW is properly written, readability on earlier CD players (that usually struggle with low reflectivity media) is good.
963**Allows writing speeds of 4×CLV, 8×CLV and 10×CLV for CD-RW HS media.
964**CD-RW HS (by vendor ''“SK”'') recording quality at 10×CLV and 4×CLV is similarly good.
965**Excellent DAE (digital audio extraction from audio CDs) quality with low noise from a highly scratched disc
966***On very heavily damaged media however, occasional skipping for a fraction of a second is hearable, which is audio of a few seconds ahead or behind the current DAE position. After this fraction of a second, it resumes the DAE at the intended position.
967
968==Odd comparisons==
969{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
970|+Reading speeds: Pioneer DVR-107 (2004) vs. TSSTcorp SH-S182 (2006)
971!Vendor
972!Model
973!DVD±R reading speeds
974!DVD-ROM DL reading speeds
975|-
976!Pioneer
977!DVR-107 (2004, half-height)<ref name="DVR-107" />
978|8×CAV
979|12×CAV{{NoteTag|name=note|The Pioneer DVR-107 only supports reading '''factory-pressed''' dual-layer DVDs.<ref name=DVR-107>[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVR-107D,+DVR-107BK Pioneer DVR-107 specification sheet]</ref> The DVR-108 is the first Pioneer DVD drive to support DVD±R DL.<ref name=DVR-108>[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVR-108 Pioneer DVR-108 specification sheet]</ref>}}
980|-
981!TSSTcorp
982!SH-S182 (2006)
983|12×CAV
984|8×CAV
985|-
986|}
987
988As can be seen, the SH-S182 (2006) could read DVD±R faster than DVD-ROM DL, while the DVR-107 (2004) '''vice versa'''.
989
990{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
991|+Reading speeds: Pioneer DVD-106 (2000) vs. HL-DT-ST GDR8162B (2003) Pioneer DVR-107 (2004)
992!Vendor
993!Model
994!CD-ROM 
995!CD-R
996!CD-RW
997!DVD-ROM SL
998!DVD-ROM DL
999!CD/DVD writing
1000|-
1001!Pioneer
1002!DVD-106 (2000)<ref name="DVD-106">[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVD-106S+ATAPI Pioneer DVD-106S ATAPI specification sheet]</ref>
1003|40×CAV
1004| colspan="2" |40×CAV
1005|16×CAV
1006|Unknown
1007| ❌ No
1008|-
1009!HL-DT-ST
1010!GDR8162B (2003)
1011|48×CAV
1012| colspan="2" |40×CAV
1013|16×CAV
1014|8×CAV
1015| ❌ No
1016|-
1017!Pioneer
1018!DVR-106 (2003)<ref name="DVR-A06">[https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/pio/pe/images/portal/cit_3424/2370275DVR-A06_brochure.pdf Pioneer DVR-A06 (DVR-106)] (2003 brochure)</ref>
1019|32×CAV
1020| colspan="2" |32×CAV
1021|12×CAV
1022|8×CAV
1023| ✅ Yes
1024|-
1025!Pioneer
1026!DVR-107 (2004)<ref name="DVR-107" />
1027|40×CAV
1028|40×CAV{{notetag|Inconsistencies in [https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/PUSA/Computer/Computer+Drives/DVR-107D,+DVR-107BK website (claims 40×CAV)] and [https://www.pioneerelectronics.com/pio/pe/images/portal/cit_3424/39092875POV_DVR-A07.pdf specification sheet (claims 32×CAV)].}}
1029|32×CAV
1030|12×CAV
1031|12×CAV
1032| ✅ Yes
1033|}
1034The DVR-107 (DVD writer) might have been technically capable of reaching higher reading speeds, regarding that '''earlier''' DVD-ROM (read-only) drives already reached higher reading speeds.
1035
1036==Media types==
1037
1038*While DVD-R/RW and DVD+R/RW gracefully co-exist, Blu-Ray Disc and HD-DVD sadly could not.
1039*HD-DVD had a DVD-RAM successor, the HD-DVD-RAM, while there has never been created such thing as a BD-RAM.
1040**Although BD-RE has similar random writing capabilities as a DVD-RAM, its number of rewrite cycles is said to be just around 1000, like CD-RW and DVD±RW, while DVD-RAM media is said to have 10000 (DVD-RAM 5× speed) or even 100000 (DVD-RAM 3× speed) rewrite cycles.
1041*Some factory-pressed CDs have slightly off-center labels, which leads to reduced symmetry. This poor symmetry becomes noticeable as vibration that magnifies with higher disc speeds (e.g. 16×CAV and higher). Such media could damage earlier optical drives that lack vibration detection.
1042*Only with DVD-R and DVD-RW, the optical drive that performs the first write on blank media writes its ''recorder information'' (model number and occasionally firmware version) to the beginning of the disc.
1043**Nero DiscSpeed software writes the recorder information at the end of the disc '''on any media type''' after finishing a writing test. It can be seen using a [[HEX editor]] browsing the last few LBAs (logical block addresses) of the disc.
1044
1045==Resources==
1046===References===
1047{{reflist}}
1048
1049===Notes===
1050{{NoteFoot}}
1051
1052==See also==
1053{{Navbox data storage}}
1054
1055==References==
1056{{reflist}}
1057
1058[[Category:Optical media]]
1059[[Category:Consumer electronics]]
1060
1061
1062{{notice|Article under construction. To be added: Information from https://poal.co/s/DataLossPrevention . Everyone is invited to contribute.}}
1063
1064{{nutshell|
1065* Store data you don't wish to lose [[#Storing_data_at_leadt_twice|'''at least''' twice]].
1066* Do not rely entirely on cloud and flash storage.
1067* Store [[#Revision history|revision histories]] of your works for redundancy and repairing possible errors.
1068}}
1069{{Shortcut|DLP}}
1070This article documents practices and tips for preventing data loss.
1071
1072The goal of this article is defining a clear set of rules to follow for significantly reducing the probability of data loss. This includes unexpected data losses such as [[#Flash_storage_is_only_for_convenience|flash storage failure]] or [[#Unsolicited_disposal|unsolicited disposal]].
1073
1074Taking data loss prevention measures is like wearing bycicle/motorcycle helmet: Even if a crash is rare and unlikely, taking precautions against it is worthed it merely for '''the sense of safety''' it provides.
1075
1076== Storing data at least twice ==
1077The greatest reduction of data loss risk comes from storing data twice or more ({{iquote|S.E.T.}} = {{iquote|store everything twice}}).
1078
1079An even safer strategy for storing data is the {{iquote|3-2-1 backup strategy}}, which implies storing data three times, on at least two different data storage types, and one off-site backup in case of an unlikely natural disaster. However, many people have no physical access to an off-site storage location.
1080
1081== Data storage types ==
1082=== Clouds are only redundant ===
1083: ''Related section: [[#Online_content|§ Online content]]''
1084;Cloud storage is for convenience, not archival.
1085
1086One should never rely on an online service as one's primary place to store important data, because one does not have technical control over an online service. Cloud storage is vulnerable to technical issues that may interfere with availability of data, and as many sites, including file hoster MegaUpload and video platforms ''VidMe'' and ''Vlare.TV''<ref name=Vlare>Video: [https://www.vidlii.com/watch?v=KvmpOcFHegB ''The Status of Vlare''] (2020-08-25)</ref> have shown, legal and financial issues potentially endanger any data stored in an online service.
1087
1088This is not limited to conventional cloud and file sharing services such as Google Drive<ref name=foodmuseum>{{iquote|Treating Google like an Archive is like treating a supermarket like a Food Museum.}} {{--}} [https://twitter.com/textfiles/status/1219418145183731714 Tweet by archivist Jason Scott Sadofsky (@textfiles),  Jan 21, 2020, 00:35]</ref>, OneDrive (formerly ''SkyDrive''), DropBox, MediaFire and Mega.Co.NZ, but also applies to email services (GMail, ProtonMail, Web.DE, GMX.net, EMail.T-Online.de, etc.) and '''social media platforms''' for hosting and/or sharing photo/video content (e.g. YouTube<ref name=foodmuseum/><ref name=3ytMistakes>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDJHHjnWAoc 3 Things I Wish I Knew when I First Started on YouTube] (Tim Schmoyer, VideoCreators.TV, 2016-06-02)</ref><ref name=DataHoarder-shocking-YT>[https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/ehsx0o/it_is_shocking_how_much_is_deleted_from_youtube/ {{iquote|It is SHOCKING how much is deleted from YouTube! Anyone else notice this? We should do more backups!}}] {{--}} Reddit /r/DataHoarder post by /u/happysmash27, 2019-12-30</ref><ref name=DataHoarder-budget>[https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/ibxgxy/i_dont_hoard_data_but_i_appreciate_you_who_do/ {{iquote|I don't hoard data, but I appreciate you who do.}}] {{--}} Reddit /r/DataHoarder post by /u/UN16783498213, 2020-08-18</ref>, Dailymotion, Instagram etc.).
1089
1090When using such services for '''redundant''' backups, it is recommended to first review their default retention settings (expecially on electronic mail services), retention policies and [[#Data_portability|export options]].
1091
1092=== Flash storage is only for convenience ===
1093Flash storage has known benefits over other types of data storage, but data retention is not one of them.
1094
1095==== Vulnerability ====
1096Flash storage suffers from an effect known as ''bit fading'', which causes transistors that store the data to lose their charge over time. This loss of data integrity is visible as glitch effects in photos and video footage.
1097
1098The bit fading effect does deterioate with each rewrite cycle, leading to shorter information retention spans. Flash storage of higher density (multi-level cell (MLC) NAND storage such as MicroSD-XC cards) hold data in smaller transistors, which are prone to faster bit fading, and higher storage temperatures accellerate bit fading.<ref name=syslogic>[https://www.syslogic.de/deu/blog/2017/04/endurance-und-retention-nand-flash-speicher-fuer-die-ewigkeit-79638.shtml ''Endurance und Retention: NAND-Flash-Speicher für die Ewigkeit?'' (in German)] by Patrik Hellmüller — SysLogic.de (2017-04-26)</ref><ref name=nice>[https://www.ni.com/de-de/support/documentation/supplemental/12/understanding-life-expectancy-of-flash-storage.html Understanding Life Expectancy of Flash Storage - NI]</ref>
1099
1100Although flash storage can not suffer from mechanical failure like hard drives can, and quality flash storage (e.g. those from the brands ''SanDisk'', ''Transcend'', ''Panasonic'', ''Toshiba'' and ''Intenso'') might be able to retain full data integrity for years under good conditions such as moderate (20°C) or cold (10°C or less) storage temperatures, the purpose of flash storage is being a physically robust, compact and fast, but '''short-term''' storage.
1101
1102Bit fading in low quality flash storage such as that of the vendor ''Hama'' might lead to data loss within months and other random defects such as ceasing to function after being supplied with an unstable voltage, a so-called {{iquote|[[brown-out]]}}. Another possible cause of malfunction in low-quality flash storage is a voltage spike caused by an unstable power source.<ref name=Hama>Poal.co post: [https://poal.co/s/DataLossPrevention/192118 Hama USB flash drive mysteriously suddenly dysfunctional (technical reason unknown)]</ref>
1103
1104Many models of flash storage, especially those of lower quality, do not report damaged data as such to the computer, and return the data as if it were undamaged. The only way for a computer to guess a damaged sector on such storage is by recognizing the flash storage's prolonged delay to return data from it, caused by the error correction trying and failing.
1105
1106==== Retention ====
1107Data retention on flash storage is facilitated by ''refreshing'' the charge in the transistors that hold information, usually done by the flash storage's controller upon reading data. Flash storage of higher quality does automatically self-refresh data on idle power.
1108
1109Its physical robustness makes flash storage a viable option as '''secondary''' backup. Preferably, data integrity should be verified at least yearly, more or less often depending on the importance of the data stored and how many copies exist on other media.
1110
1111The precluded <code>badblocks</code> command on Linux, and the graphical third-party freeware ''HDD Scan''{{notetag|Despite its name, ''HDD Scan'' also works on flash storage as well}} for Windows can scan the readability of data.
1112
1113=== Optical media is your friend ===
1114{{main article|Benefits of optical media}}
1115Optical media has a [[Benefits of optical media#Reliability|high fault tolerance]], a [[Benefits of optical media#Longevity|supreme life expectancy]] and is the only type of data storage that is immune against sudden unpredictable failures such as mechanical failure (as in hard disk drives), electrical failure (as in flash storage) and magnetic vulnerability (hard disk drives and LTO tape storage).
1116
1117Conventional optical media can be expected to retain full data integrity for at least ten years. Some variants such as ''Verbatim Gold'' (rated 100 years) and ''M-Disc'' (rated 1000 years) can be expected to reliably last significantly longer.
1118
1119Optical media also has the [[Benefits_of_optical_media#Price_per_piece|cheap prices per piece]], and CD/DVD writers are highly affordable, with prices commonly being below €/$/£ 20.
1120
1121Although recoedable Blu-Ray discs themselves are very affordable as well, Blu-Ray hardware is somewhat more expensive, yet still a fraction of the price of LTO tape drives, and with random access support.
1122
1123Further more, the quality and data integrity of optical media is [[Benefits of optical media#Predictable failures|accurately measureable]]. It can be determined by [[Benefits of optical media#Error_scanning|measuring the rate of correctable data integrity errors]], which is far more accurate than ''[[S.M.A.R.T.]]'', which relies on rough guesses.
1124
1125== Handling of data ==
1126=== Prioritization ===
1127If one currently is restricted to a tight budget for purchasing data storage, it is beneficial to prioritize which data to back up.
1128
1129Non-replaceable information and works created by yourself, including digital photos, video recordings, documents and possibly voice notes have the highest priority for being backed up. Smaller files such as plain text and rich text files can be backed up to more locations quickly and easily.
1130
1131Information that can be replaced easily, such as software that can be re-downloaded from the Internet, has a lower priority for being backed up.
1132
1133=== Revision history ===
1134Make sure to save back up your work from time to time by saving it in a revision history (save as or copy to file name with time stamp and/or number).
1135
1136For documents that are mainly text, the file size of each revision is marginal compared to the size of modern disk storage.
1137
1138This also allows resetting to an earlier version in case of an error, whether it be a human error or software bug (e.g. in video editing) or a writing error (e.g. caused by [[#Space_storage_starvation|lack of free space]] or an unexpected system crash).
1139
1140=== Data portability ===
1141This is more of a concern for online services such as mailing and messaging services.
1142
1143Make sure that user data can be exported, which means downloaded to machine- or human-readable files, to allow creating backups and to prevent vendor lock-in.
1144
1145Data portability in online services such as social media platforms has improved significantly since the passing of GDPR §20.
1146
1147Some software (e.g. [[Skype]] messenger) stores messages in a closed-source proprietary database format, and data stored by mobile phone software in a private app data folder, such as <code>/data/</code> on Android mobile phones, which have a locked bootloader by default, making backing up that user data near-impossible.{{notetag|Some data stored by user-installed softwate inside <code>/data/</code> might be retrievable over the [[Android debug bridge]] (''ADB''), but user data stored by system software is locked in if the bootloader is not unlocked. Unlocking the bootloader requires a ''wipe'' (hard reset), defeating its use for retrieving existing data.}}<ref name=DataLock>[https://poal.co/s/LostFeatures/125955 ''Data lock-in: Can't back up saved pages of Samsung's S Browser (and much more). Poor data portability.''] {{--}} Poal.co post</ref><ref name="bootloader">[https://poal.co/s/TellPoal/152184 Criticism of poor data portability with locked bootloader on Android devices.]</ref>
1148
1149=== Only carry copies of data ===
1150On physical media, only copies of data should be carried aroud, because data storage carried around can get lost and is more exposed to the environment (e.g. rapid temperature changes inside a car's cabin).
1151
1152Additionally, one could consider setting up a remote file server at home (using FTP or WebDAV), also known as a ''private cloud''.
1153
1154=== Check backup before deletion ===
1155When backing up a big directory of many files, some files might not have been copied due to the length of file names, special characters in file names that are unsupported by the target file system and/or operating system, and misconfigured read access permissions on the origin file system.
1156
1157Before deleting something from the origin storage (if necessary to free up space), check again if it is readable from the backup.
1158
1159=== OS partitions ain't for backups. ===
1160The partition of the operation system's installation is not suitable for backups.
1161
1162It is subject to constant change and might even to a file system check and ''repair'', which could be initiated by the operating system after an unexpected power-off. In addition, it has the highest likelihood of file corruption in case of malware intrusion.
1163
1164=== The first 100 megabytes ===
1165Most USB sticks and SD cards come pre-formatted with the widely supported but technically outdated FAT32 or exFAT{{notetag|SD-XC cards are usually pre-formatted with exFAT to support file sizes larger than 4 GB (although video cameras usually automatically split oversized video files), while SD-HC and USB sticks usually with FAT32 for compatibility.}} file systems.
1166
1167Before doing large file transfers from/to flash storage, if not already mirrored on the hard drive, it is recommended to create a disk dump of the data partition's first 100 MB{{notetag|The file system header usually is well under 100 MB, but the first 100 MB can be considered a rule of thumb with safety margin.}}, which includes the master file table (MFT), an index of file names and paths, logical block addresses (LBAs), fragmentation information and file attributes.
1168
1169This is recommended because the master file table is prone to corruption from write access during unstable conditions such as a loose connection, unstable power supply (e.g. on a passive USB hub without stable voltage from an external power supply), unexpected removal and unexpected system power-off.
1170
1171An example command with the disk dump utility which usually is precluded on all Linux systems (adapt if necessary):
1172
1173<code>sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=/media/example/filename.img bs=2048 count=50000</code>
1174
1175Or using ''gddrescue'' (stop after  a few seconds by pressing <kbd>CTRL+C</kbd>):
1176
1177<code>sudo ddrescue /dev/sdc /media/example/filename.img</code>
1178
1179One can find out the device paths using the <code>lsblk</code> ({{iquote|list block devices}}) command.
1180
1181=== Volatility ===
1182Although it sounds obvious to many, it is documented here as a reminder:
1183
1184RAM drives and ''recycle bin'' directories are not for storing important data, a call history is no phonebook, the browsing history is not a bookmark storage<ref name=Chrome37>[http://archive.today/2016.10.08-115448/http://www.obsidianforensics.com/blog/archived-history-files-removed-from-chrome-v37 ''Archived History files removed from Chrome v37''] {{--}} Obsidian Forensics (2014-09-04)</ref> and the keyboard software's clipboard buffer is no folder for text files.<ref name=edent-clipboard>[https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2013/02/samsung-copy-paste-bug-aka-never-buy-samsung-galaxy-phones/ {{iquote|Samsung Copy & Paste Bug (AKA Never Trust Samsung)}}] {{--}} 2013-02-21 by Terence Eden (@edent)</ref>
1185
1186Volatile storage locations usually delete items after a specific time (e.g. 10 weeks of browsing history on Chromium-based browsers), number of new items (e.g. max. 20 clipboard items on the keyboard software precluded on Samsung Galaxy devices) or unstable conditions (e.g. Mozilla Firefox deletes browsing history automatically if it detects a shortage of remaining data storage space).
1187
1188Anything one does not wish to lose should be copied or dumped into separate files.
1189
1190Browsing history which may later facilitate re-discovering visited web sites can usually be found in the browser's profile folder under the names <code>places.sqlite</code> (Mozilla Firefox and its forks) and <code>History</code> (Google Chromium and its forks).
1191
1192For browsing sessions, add-ons such as ''Tab List''<ref name=tablist>[https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/tab-list/ tab list for ? Firefox – Exports list of all open tabs into URL list text]</ref>{{notetag|There had been more sophisticated add-ons that included both URL and page title in the export for versions prior to Firefox Quantum that dropped support for all legacy add-ons in 2017.}} allow exporting a URL list of opened tabs into plain text. This could also be helpful to tab hoarders.
1193
1194=== Space storage starvation ===
1195Software is programmed to work well under stable conditions, which includes functional write access.
1196
1197However, not all software handles low remaining space well, and even the operating system might act unpredictably and become unstable.
1198
1199Text editing software that has not been optimized to handle space storage starvation might fail to save a file, possibly resulting in a zero-byte file.
1200
1201Certain software might noticeably slow down due to malfunctioning caching during such condition.
1202
1203Mozilla Firefox, a common web browser, evidently automatically erases the oldest entries in the history during a full disk condition.
1204
1205Some software might happen to reset its settings due to an unsuccessful write that blanked the configuration file.
1206
1207Automatic saving in software such as word processors and graphics and video editing software does not work if the partition that holds their temporary directory can not be written to, risking a possible loss of work in case of an unexpected process ending.
1208
1209Low remaining space also leads to aggressive fragmentation of the file system, which negatively affects performance on a hard disk drive.
1210
1211For these reasons, conditions of low remaining space storage should be avoided.
1212
1213<ref name=ENOSPC>[https://poal.co/s/TellPoal/148743 ''Avoid exhausting your operating system partition's space storage (both desktop amd mobile), or risk data loss and crazy unpredictable behaviour.''] {{--}} Poal.co post (2020-02-23)</ref>
1214
1215=== Archive passwords ===
1216Although encryption for file archives (e.g. Zip, 7-Zip, RAR, etc.) can be useful for e.g. storing confidential information and allow safely storing malware samples for experimental purposes (for the latter purpose, a dummy password such a space bar character should suffice), they pose a risk of locking the user out due to forgetting the password.
1217
1218If a unique password is used for a data archive that is not accessed for a long time (e.g. a few years), the risk of forgetting it before being retrieved in future increases.<ref>Post on Poal.co: [https://poal.co/s/DataLossPrevention/192106 &#91;Story&#93; Moronic data loss: Lost RAR archive password]</ref>
1219
1220Use archive passwords with care.
1221
1222=== Preparation ===
1223In order to minimize data loss in case of damage, loss or theft<ref name=mii>Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LZM97Wdrvk ''Simon Desue and Leon Machère have chased, threatened and robbed me.''] (Story about memory card theft, in German, by ''MiiMii'', 2016-08-26)</ref> of an apparatus and/or memory card, it is recommended to back up its memory each day before going on a trip.
1224
1225=== File lists ===
1226File lists may facilitate forensic data recovery in case of data loss, and file lists from multiple drives facilitate searching through files.
1227
1228== Additional risks ==
1229=== Unsolicited disposal ===
1230Living in a household shared with people who notoriously tend to dispose of obstacles, including other people's property without any warning or grace period (which technically is theft), have their data storage potentially put at risk.
1231
1232This especially is a risk for very young videographers, data hoarders, archivists and digital preservationists in a household of minimalist parents.<ref name=CD-ROM-disposed>Reddit post: [https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueOffMyChest/comments/ibwa4o/when_your_mother_disposes_of_something_you_valued/ ''“When your mother disposes of something you valued without telling you in advance…”''] in /r/TrueOffmyChest ([https://www.reddit.com/r/TrueOffMyChest/comments/ibwa4o/when_your_mother_disposes_of_something_you_valued/ Crosspost: ''“Story of my mother disposing of >50 CD-ROM's without telling me in advance.”'' in /r/DataHoarder]) — '''Also read the comments.'''</ref>
1233
1234== Online content ==
1235: ''Related section: [[#Clouds_are_only_redundant|§ Clouds are only redundant]]''
1236{{expand section}}
1237=== Controversy ===
1238On social media and content sharing sites such as YouTube, content by users subject to a wave of criticism and/or constant controversy, as well as those with a history of randomly erasing their content, is endangered from both sides: Deletion by platform and deletion by uploader.<ref name=DataHoarder-shocking-YT/>
1239
1240To prevent the former, controversial content creators should consider broadcasting their content to more than one platform.
1241
1242=== Platform changes ===
1243Changes on platforms might lead to loss of information, such as [[features removed from YouTube]] and {{W:|Quora#2017_anonymity_changes|Quora's 2017 anonymity changes}} that detached anonymous content from accounts.{{notetag|After the anonymity changes, one could request an email with the ''anonymous edit URLs'' to the content until March 20th, 2017. But some users, lesser active ones in particular, might have missed the date and lost the content.}}
1244
1245== Paper books ==
1246Paper note books may contain important information and lots of work.
1247
1248Although paper has excellent data retention, paper note books may get lost.<ref>[https://poal.co/s/DataLossPrevention/181659 ''Conveniently back up paper note books using a 4K video camera!'' (+ Stories of losing note books)]</ref>
1249
1250Backing up paper books is usually done though a flat bed scanner, which has the highest resolution and accuracy. However, such a scanner requires scanning each page (or two pages at once on smaller note books) individually, which demands a lot of repetitive work and time.
1251
1252A '''significantly faster''' method of backing up paper note books is to point a video camera at it, preferably one filming at least at 2160p (4K) resolution  and mounted on a tripod pointing downwards{{notetag|If one has no tripod steady, one may use a transparent glass table and put the camera or mobile phone on it, filming through the glass.}}, and then turning one page after another.
1253
1254At 4K resolution (3840×2160 pixels), each still frame of the video acts a solid 8.3 megapixel still photo with slight video compression artefacts, depending on bit rate.
1255
1256To reduce the required ISO light sensitivity (which causes undesirable noise, thus loss of detail), this should be done in a bright environment, ideally illuminated by sunlight.
1257
1258Make sure the video camera is fully focused on the paper's surface, and horizontally aligned with the paper.
1259
1260== Notes ==
1261{{notefoot}}
1262
1263== References ==
1264{{reflist}}
1265
1266== Also see ==
1267* [[Benefits of optical media]]
1268
1269{{Navbox data storage}}
1270[[Category:Data storage]]
1271
1272
1273[[File:YouTube Logo 2017.svg|thumb|right|''“Removing features is our passion!”'']]
1274{{Shortcut|YTRF}}
1275<span style="float:right;clear:right">__TOC__</span>
1276This is an incomplete list of features that [[YouTube]] has removed from their website and mobile application.
1277
1278Anyone is invited to contribute and add anything missing. Feel free to write on the [[Talk:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|discussion page]] for suggestions.
1279
1280==Desktop website features==
1281{| class="wikitable sortable" style="clear:right;"
1282|+List of removed YouTube website features
1283!Feature category
1284!Feature
1285!Introduction date
1286!Removal date
1287!Description and notes
1288|-
1289| rowspan="4" |Annotations
1290|Video annotation editor
1291|2008<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=BLoLHie3528 YouTube blog entry:] [https://youtube.googleblog.com/2008/06/new-beta-feature-video-annotations.html New Beta Feature: Video Annotations] (2008-06-04)</ref>
1292|2017-05-02<ref name="ytrelations-anno2017">[https://youtuber-relations.de/die-youtube-annotations-werden-abgeschafft-was-das-fuer-creator-und-brands-bedeutet/ ''Die Youtube Annotations werden abgeschafft – was das für Creator und Brands bedeutet''] Von David Peter - 20. März 2017 (German)</ref>
1293|Ability to add/edit annotations for interactive videos (annotation editor).<ref name="engadget-anno2017">[https://www.engadget.com/2018-11-27-youtube-remove-pop-up-annotations-january-15th.html ''YouTube kills annotations to make way for mobile-friendly features''] – EnGadget – Sean Buckley, @seaniccus (March 16, 2017)</ref><ref name="CHM">Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWKWefw-C-w ''10 Long Gone YouTube Features''] – [[CHM Tech]] (2017-08-11</ref>
1294|-
1295|Ability to view annotations
1296|2008
1297|2019-01-15<ref name="engadget-anno2019">[https://www.engadget.com/2018-11-27-youtube-remove-pop-up-annotations-january-15th.html ''YouTube will remove all pop-up annotations on January 15th''] – EnGadget – Mallory Locklear, @mallorylocklear (November 27, 2018)</ref><ref name="EposVox">Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYIzvtjtR90 ''YouTube is removing a LOT of features....''] by EposVox, 2018-12-04]</ref>
1298|Final removal of annotations
1299|-
1300|Pause annotation
1301|2008 or 2009
1302|2013
1303|Ability to add automatic pauses inside videos. Removed because it was misused by users.<ref name="PauseAnnotation">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3ZekDlz4o0 Video from channel ''HotBlogTips'' that documents the removal of the ''Pause Annotation'', 2013-04-07]</ref>
1304|-
1305|Collaborative annotations
1306|2009-02<ref>[https://research.google/pubs/pub36735/ ''YouTube's Collaborative Annotations''] — Michael Fink, Sigalit Bar, Aviad Bazilai, Nir Kerem, Isaac Elias, Julian Frumar, Herb Ho, Ryan Junee, Simon Ratner, Jasson Schrock Ran Tavory (2009) — ''Research.Google''</ref><ref>[https://youtube.googleblog.com/2009/02/introducing-collaborative-annotations.html Introducing Collaborative Annotations] (YouTube blog, 2009-02-20)</ref>
1307|2012 or earlier<ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/youtube/comments/w272q/did_youtube_get_rid_of_collaborative_annotations/ ''Did youtube get rid of collaborative annotations?''] — Reddit post (2012-07-05)</ref>
1308|Ability for multiple people to collaboratively work
1309|-
1310| rowspan="7" |Comments and ratings
1311|AJAX-free comments that pre-loaded within the page
1312|2005 or 2006
1313|2013
1314|
1315|-
1316|<code>/all_comments?v=</code><ref name="Ycombinator2016">[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11053204 YCombinator thread: ''“YouTube removes all_comments feature”''], February 7th 2016</ref><ref name="Productforums2016">[http://archive.today/2016.02.07-161843/https://productforums.google.com/forum/%23!topic/youtube/lZayXDopTXw ''“Redirect (HTTP 302) – /all_comments redirects me to /watch (Extraload-Comments)”'' –  Google Productforums thread] [http://archive.today/H5QUk (short URL]</ref>
1317|circa 2007
1318|2016-01
1319|
1320|-
1321|Comment search<ref name="commentsearch">[https://tubularinsights.com/youtube-search-tips-and-tricks/ Screenshot of former ''“Comment search”'' feature of YouTube]</ref>
1322|
1323|
1324|Part of TestTube, circa 2011
1325|-
1326|Real-time comment stream and counter of new comments
1327|circa 2010
1328|circa 2013
1329|Similar to Twitter's ''“View X new results”''
1330|-
1331|Channel discussion pages (earlier known as ''“Channel comments”)''<ref name="community-help">{{Cite web|url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7124175?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop|title=Engage with creators on Community posts - Computer - YouTube Help|website=support.google.com}}</ref>
1332|Circa 2006
1333|Gradually since 2018
1334|Replaced with ''Community'' ''Posts'' feature instead of co-existing. First applied to channels with ≥10000 subscribers, later 
1335500 and ≥1000. Permanently deletes discussions upon replacement.
1336|-
1337|Video ''reactions'' in comment area
1338|
1339|
1340|
1341|-
1342|1-5 star ratings<ref name="CHM" />
1343|2005
1344|2010
1345|
1346*Star ratings of 1 and 2 were replaced with ''dislikes'' and star ratings of 3, 4 and 5 with ''likes'' upon conversion to the new rating system.
1347*As of 2020, the [[Google Play]] store still utilizes the star rating system.
1348|-
1349| rowspan="2" |Sharing
1350|AutoShare
1351|
1352|2019-01-31
1353|Ability to automatically share liked videos, uploaded videos, added subscriptions (removed earlier) and videos added to playlists to Google Plus (deceased later) and Twitter.
1354|-
1355|<code>/shared?ci=</code>
1356|
1357|
1358|Details unknown
1359|-
1360| rowspan="4" |Channel page
1361|Unified channel page
1362|2006 or earlier
1363|2013
1364|Removed with 2013 ''“One channel layout”'' redesign. Notice the ironic name.
1365|-
1366|Custom channel theme<ref name="AT-YouTube" />
1367|2006
1368|2013
1369|Fine-grain custom colour control for many page elements; ability to use custom backgrounds. Removed with 2013 ''“One channel layout”'' redesign. Opting out was possible for a limited time.
1370|-
1371|<code>/feed</code> channel page
1372|
1373|June 2020
1374|<code>A</code>summarized list of recent channel activities including publicly liked videos (removed December 2019), public subscriptions, uploaded videos, playlist additions and channel messages.<ref name="feedpage">[https://archive.is/LECSH ''“/feed”'' channel page] [http://archive.today/2019.11.23-210650/https://www.youtube.com/user/Vsauce/feed (long URL)]</ref>
1375|-
1376|<code>flow=list</code> URL parameter<!-- I can't believe you did this, YouTube. -->
1377|
1378|June 2020
1379|
1380Listed videos and subscriptions of a channel with the beginning of its description.<ref name="flowlist">[https://archive.is/7rIRo Channel page with ''“flow=list”'' URL parameter] [http://archive.today/2019.11.14-182920/https://www.youtube.com/user/derraleves/channels?flow=list (long URL)]</ref>
1381|-
1382| rowspan="5" |Site layout, appearance and watch page
1383|YouTube Feather
1384|
1385|
1386|Lightweight YouTube site. Part of ''TestTube'' in the early 2010s decade.
1387|-
1388|Count of public videos of uploader on watch page
1389|2011
1390|2014
1391|
1392|-
1393|Compatibility website view mode
1394|
1395|circa 2013
1396|If an older browser was detected, the user was prompted to view a ''compatible'' version of the site in a green notice on the right side of the video player.
1397|-
1398|“Hovercards” [[mouseover]] [[tooltip]]s<ref>Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnP9bSwjvYE ''What Is A YouTube Hover Card?''] (2013-09-16) — MCJ Book Publishing</ref>
1399|2013
1400|2014 or 2015
1401|Similar to Twitter's profile hover cards when hovering the mouse pointer above the display name of a profile.
1402|-
1403|Top-bar mini player <ref name="GWB-miniplayer">[https://www.googlewatchblog.de/2018/03/youtube-miniplayer-videos-kommentare/ Article “YouTube testet Miniplayer: Videos gucken und gleichzeitig Kommentare lesen (Video)” (German)] – Google Watch Blog (2018-03-22)</ref>
1404|March 2018
1405|March 2018
1406|As known from [[Dailymotion]] and [[Vimeo]].
1407|-
1408| rowspan="5" |Statistics
1409|Full subscriber counts<ref name="VidIQ-201905">[https://vidiq.com/blog/post/youtube-limit-access-subscriber-counts/ ''“YouTube to Limit Access to Full Subscriber Counts”''] – Carla Marshall, VidIQ.com, 2019-05-21</ref><ref name="VidIQ-201908">[https://vidiq.com/blog/post/youtube-kill-exact-public-subscriber-counts/ YouTube Will Kill Exact Public Facing Subscriber Counts in September] – Rob Wilson, VidIQ.com, 2019-08-30</ref><ref name="productforums-201905">[https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/6543166?hl=en ''“ Early heads up: abbreviated public subscriber counts across YouTube 1 Recommended Answer”''] – Posted onto Google Product Forums by Jordan (Google employee, TeamYouTube) 2019-05-22</ref>
1410|
1411|
1412|Many places such as subscriber counts and like/dislike counts started only showing up as abbreviated number, e.g. “1K” “1M” or “1B” during the years. Since September 2019, only the three leading digits of the subscriber count are visible on YouTube's website and accessible via the API, allegedly for consistency.<ref>https://twitter.com/TeamYouTube/status/1130882313066180610?</ref> Change heavily disliked by [[VidIQ]] community.<ref name="VidIQ-Poll">[https://twitter.com/vidIQ/status/1131603022109241345 Tweet by @VidIQ: ''“Abbreviated Public Subscriber Count (i.e. Showing 4.1k subs instead of 4,123 subs). This is coming to YouTube in August. Vote and tell us why!”''] – 90.3% out of 3730 voters voted ''“Bad idea”''.</ref>
1413|-
1414|Public video statistics<ref name="AT-YouTube">[http://archiveteam.org/index.php/YouTube ''YouTube'' – Article on ArchiveTeam Wiki] (significant detail added by user “ATrescue”, later banned by administrator for exerting criticism)</ref>
1415|2008 https://searchengineland.com/youtube-insight-view-your-youtube-video-statistics-13649
1416|2019
1417|-
1418|Ability to share list of liked videos<ref name="TWIH96-LikePrivate">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uaf8yxGBawk Rant on YouTube making liked videos playlist private.] – Steve Shelton (TheWheatisHeat96, 2020-01-14)</ref>
1419|Before 2010
1420|2019-12
1421|A playlist with up to 5000 last liked videos could be shared publicly with the community.
1422The closest workaround after this feature removal is manually creating and maintaining a public playlist of liked videos.
1423|-
1424|Public views by country<ref name="StatsInsights">[https://archive.vn/20190429192134/https://tubularinsights.com/youtube-statistics-competition/ ''"How To View and Analyze YouTube Statistics for Any Video"'' – ''Tubular Insights'' (2010-06-20) [https://archive.vn/k6aBS (short URL)]</ref><ref name="AT-YouTube" />
1425|
1426|~2013
1427|
1428|-
1429|Channel page view counts
1430|
1431|
1432|Still accessible via APi?
1433|-
1434| rowspan="5" |Video player
1435|Like/Dislike/description and information viewer inside the video player.
1436|
1437|~2016
1438|Ability to rate (like/dislike) a video '''inside''' the embedded player<ref name="2015channelpage">[https://youtu.be/hLcfNbZy_EE?t=45 Screen shot of 2015 YouTube channel page] with visible rating buttons '''inside''' the video player</ref>
1439|-
1440|Video polls<ref>[https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/47160455?hl=en Why The Poll System Is Being Removed – Support.Google.com]</ref><ref>[https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6140493?hl=en]</ref>
1441|2015 or 2016
1442|June 2020
1443|
1444|-
1445|Search feature inside ActionScript2 flash video player.
1446|2008
1447|~2013
1448|
1449|-
1450|''Warp player''
1451|circa 2009
1452|circa 2010
1453|Experimental video browser interface
1454|-
1455|Embedded player with integrated browsing and searching functionality
1456|
1457|
1458|Only in the ActionScript 2 flash video player
1459|-
1460| rowspan="3" |Video management
1461|Built-in video editor and slide show creator<ref name="CHM" />
1462|
1463|2017-09<ref>[http://www.videosoftdev.com/de/news/video-editors-for-youtube-creators YouTube Video Editor ist weg] – VideoSoftDev</ref>
1464|
1465|-
1466|Video effects
1467|
1468|2019
1469|
1470|-
1471|Video responses<ref name="CHM" />
1472|
1473|2013<ref name="SocialBlade-responses">[https://youtu.be/MZKozYEphas Video Responses Removed - Social Blade YouTube Tips 25] (2013-09-01)</ref>
1474|
1475|-
1476| rowspan="2" |Subscriptions
1477|Subscription groups<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TiaxIYVTfI How To Group your YouTube Subscriptions into a Collection] – [[Derral Eves]] (2013-10-17)</ref>
1478|
1479|
1480|-
1481|Friend list<ref name="CHM" />
1482|~2006
1483|2011-12<ref>[http://blackboxsocialmedia.com/youtube-removed-friends-today/#:~:text=YouTube%20Removes%20Friends%20%7C%20Bulletins&text=However%20Google%20announced%20that%20although,be%20able%20to%20be%20added. ''YouTube removed friends today!'' (2011-12-08)]</ref>
1484|
1485|-
1486| rowspan="2" |Searching
1487|Ability to find videos by uploader-specified [[Tag_(metadata)|tag]]s.
1488|
1489|
1490|
1491|-
1492|Video search results counter
1493|
1494|June 2018
1495|-
1496| rowspan="4" |Playlists
1497|Playlist notes
1498|Circa 2013
1499|2020
1500|Notes that could be added to videos by playlist creators.
1501Not available in “polymer” design since introduction, still was accessible in legacy layout as long as it existed, accessible through ''disable_polymer'' URL parameter by setting it to “1” or “true”.
1502|-
1503|Individual video view counts on playlist page<ref name="PL2012">[http://web.archive.org/web/20120324062511/http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL10043009D3CD838F Example YouTube playlist from 2012] [https://archive.today/wsI7P Archive.Today backup] [https://archive.st/archive/2020/7/web.archive.org/3gqt/ Archive.ST backup]</ref>
1504|2012 or earlier
1505|2014 or 2015
1506|
1507|-
1508|Ability to see total length of videos in a playlist<ref name="PL2012" />
1509|2012 or earlier
1510|Circa 2013
1511|
1512|-
1513|Ability to rate playlists<ref name="PL2012" />
1514|2012 or earlier
1515|Circa 2013 or 2014
1516|
1517|-
1518|Subtitles
1519|Community-contributed subtitles
1520|early 2010s
1521|September 2020
1522|Creators were able to allow users to directly contribute subtitles, also known as ''community captions''.<ref name="ChangeOrg-CommunityCaptions">[https://www.change.org/p/google-inc-don-t-remove-community-captions-from-youtube Petition against removal of community captions on Change.org] by [https://www.change.org/u/595394309 Emma Wolfe] – 159759 signatures oaas of 2020-08-01 20 19:35:22 UTC]</ref>
1523|-
1524|Descriptions
1525|Video credits
1526|2014 or earlier<ref name="Eves-Credits">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhrYQ2a6Z0M ''How to Add Video Credits on YouTube Videos''] — Derral Eves</ref>
1527|2019
1528|Dedicated section for video credits.
1529|-
1530|}
1531Some table cells might be empty due to lack of available information
1532
1533===Additional feature removals===
1534Additional, lesser noteable removed features and changes:
1535
1536*Since August 2018, one can only load 10 comment replies at a time, using “Show more comments”, rather than loading all comment replies at once.
1537*Snake game easter egg (only existed in flash-based video player with dotted loading animation icon)
1538*Debug information shows exact volume level several digits behind decimal (circa 2010). (Trivial)
1539*''Bulletin'' feature (appears to have been removed in 2007, but re-appeared in 2010)<ref>[https://jesperastrom.com/youtube/youtube-bulletins-to-your-subscribers/ YouTube Bulletins to your Subscribers (April 15, 2010)]</ref><ref>[https://www.adweek.com/digital/youtube-gets-more-social-with-bulletins/ YouTube Gets More Social With Bulletins (April 22, 2010)</ref><ref name="j476-2008">[http://archive.today/2008.02.12-034654/http://web.archive.org/web/20080212034654/youtube.com/user/Jeeves476 YouTube channel ''“Jeeves476”'' in 2008]</ref>
1540*According to a lost YouTube comment, there was once the ability to see the playback position where users rated a video in YouTube analytics.{{citation needed}}
1541* Time markers and magnified seek bar upon hovering for videos longer than 90 minutes
1542** Replaced with seek bar that can be dragged up to scrub (finer seeking).
1543
1544==Mobile application features==
1545
1546*Infinite search history (now: only 50 items)
1547*(Minor) Case-sensitive search history.
1548*Ability to enter a search without requiring internet connection (behavioural change)
1549**Ability to open a video prior to established internet connection, so that playback can start sooner as soon as the connection has been established. (behavioural change)
1550*Tapping on search bar (which opens search history) did not unload the loaded search results or channel/playlist page.
1551*Full numbers (now, many places such as subscriber counts and like/dislike counts only show up as abbreviated number, e.g. “1K” “1M” or “1B”)
1552
1553==Predicted feature removals==
1554This section documents possible future removals of existing features.
1555
1556*Automated transcribing and advanced caption tools
1557**Possibly to be removed or turned into a feature for premium users only.
1558*Comment counter — Shows number of comments posted on a video.
1559
1560==Returned features==
1561Features that were once removed, but have returned.
1562
1563*Ability to see whether a video is private or erased entirely (removed circa 2017 or 2018, returned August 2019)
1564**A video in a playlist has always shown the distinction.
1565*''QuickList'' (Removed in early 2010s, returned in late 2019) - Temporary, JavaScript-powered watch queue.
1566
1567==Also see==
1568
1569*[[List of features removed from Android]]
1570{{Navbox UX}}
1571
1572==External links==
1573
1574*[https://Poal.co/s/LostFeatures General forum for discussing removed features.]
1575*https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/196342/youtube-update-enforcement-bypass-reasons-why-the-old-youtube-app-is-superior
1576*https://twitter.com/hashtag/FeaturesYouTubeRemoved
1577
1578*https://twitter.com/ActiVideo2019/status/1084811606054395904 (thread)
1579
1580==References==
1581<references />
1582
1583[[category:lists]] 
1584[[Category:removed features]]
1585[[Category:Rescued from Wikipedia deletionism]]
1586
1587{{Source Wikipedia}}
1588
1589
1590For mostly unknown reasons, many features have been removed from Android during the years, despite users have considered them as useful.
1591
1592This list also includes restrictions and potentially unwanted behavioural changes.
1593
1594==Removed features==
1595
1596===Information buffer===
1597<span style="font-size:25px;color:#Bbb">For both removed features and behavioural changes.</span>
1598
1599Inexperienced wiki editors who are inexperienced with tables can add information here.
1600
1601This information will be sorted into the table:
1602
1603*Ability for third-party applications to control Bluetooth and Wi-Fi ([[Android 10]]).
1604*Strobe light applications such as <code>com.loomatix.flashlight</code> worked well in Android 4.*, but no longer in newer Android versions. It still partially worked in Android 6 (blinking only slowly and randomly, instead of more than ten times per second), but Android 7's updated camera API completely disabled legacy strobe/flashlight applications.
1605*A change in Android might have caused the inability of Samsung phones since 2016 ([[Galaxy S7]]; and [[Galaxy S6|S6]] with [[Android Marshmallow]] update) to toggle the flashlight from the quick settings menu (also known as "drop-down menu" or "quick control center") while the camera application is running. This allowed illuminating burst shots and, more importantly, access the flash light '''<u>during</u>''' video recording.
1606*Android Marshmallow camera glitches (behavioral changes) in Samsung devices (2016 + 2015 devices with update):
1607**When attempting to launch the camera less than one second before screen timeout, the timeout takes priority. Relaunching the camera immediately afterwards causes it to close after a few seconds.
1608**Relaunching camera less than ~3 seconds after entering [[stand-by mode]] causes it to close automatically after a few seconds. Solution: Exit camera with “back” or “home” key.
1609**System screen rotation (independently from camera UI, that rotates its own UI elements) takes priority over photo/video recording, potentially causing delays.
1610**A pop-up with the text '''''“Camera has been opened via quick launch”'''''<ref name="cam-popup">[https://forums.androidcentral.com/samsung-galaxy-note-7/717193-camera-has-been-opened-via-quick-launch-message-alway-appearing.html AndroidCentral forums: “‘Camera has been opened via Quick launch’ Message alway&#91;s&#93; appearing.”].</ref>. with a tiny “<kbd>OK</kbd>” button appears, if the front-facing brightness sensor measure zero brightness and the '''rear proximity''' sensor next to the rear (main) camera detects a close surface '''simultaneously''' while launching the camera using the quick shortcut (double-press of home button).
1611***That pop-up has to be exited with the tiny “<kbd>OK</kbd>” button. Using the “back” key instead will cause the camera application to close after five seconds, even if starting video recording during these five seconds.
1612***When doing nothing, the camera application will also close after less than five seconds.
1613***This inexplicably presumably deliberate software glitch defeats one of the advantages of the double-home-button-press camera shortcut: The ability to blind-start (prepare) the camera while the mobile phone is inside a pocket.
1614***The lower right corner shortcut on the lock screen is unaffected by this bug.
1615
1616===Major features===
1617The removal of these features have a larger impact on the compatibility, developement and functionality of third-party software running on Android, and pre-integrated features.
1618{| class="wikitable sortable"
1619!Feature name
1620!Removal type
1621<small>Removed feature or added restriction?</small>
1622!Description
1623<small>Functionality and usage</small>
1624!Feature introduced in Android version<!-- include year and month? -->
1625!Feature removed/restricted in Android version<!-- include year and month? -->
1626!Notes<br /><small>Additional information</small>
1627!Significance rank<small>Lower number = prior.</small><!-- Needs to be sortable in correct order. -->
1628!Possible alternative solution
1629|-
1630|[[Miracast]]<ref name="nostalgia">[https://www.computerworld.com/article/3239864/android-nostalgia-old-features.html ComputerWorld article 3239864: '''“Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away”''']</ref> (also known as ''screen mirroring'').
1631|Removed feature
1632|Allowed uesrs to wirelessly mirror the mobile phone's display to a television with built-in miracast reception, mainly [[Samsung]], [[Panasonic]] and [[Sony]] televisions.
1633|[[Android 4.2]]
1634|[[Android 6.0]] Marshmallow (2016)
1635|[[Samsung Mobile]] phones have kept that feature, even after Android Marshmallow.
1636|4. High
1637|Keep the feature. Removal unreasoned.
1638|-
1639|Ability to list some files in root directory.
1640|Restriction
1641|Allowed apps to read the names of files and subdirectories in Android's root file system.
1642|Android 1.0
1643|Android 7.0 Nougat (2017)
1644|The same files as before can still be read directly, but when trying to access directories, they appear empty to user-installed applications.
1645|High
1646|Ability to manually grant this permission to specific apps.
1647|-
1648|[[USB on the go|USB-OTG]] read access
1649|Restriction
1650|Ability for user-installed apps (e.g. [[VLC Media Player]] for Android) to access external USB storage. System apps such as Google's native file manager, which has a very restricted feature range, can still be used to manage files on external storage.
1651|
1652|Android 7.0 (2017)
1653|Opening files in Google's own file manager virtually mirrors them to the <code>fd://</code> protocol for access by third-party software. MTP access from PC is unaffected by this restriction.
1654|1. Very high
1655|Ability to manually grant this permission to specific apps.
1656|-
1657|Process listing API<ref name=Proc>[https://jaredrummler.com/2017/09/13/android-processes/ Article by Jared Rummler: ''“Android Processes & Security”'' (2017-09-13)]</ref>
1658|Restriction
1659|Ability for applications to list and read details such as CPU usage about running apps.
1660|
1661|[[Android 6]].0 (2016)
1662|When requesting the process list in Android 6.0 or higher, Android's API only returns the details about the requesting app itself, and it's child processes, instad of all processes<ref name=Proc />. This restriction can be bypassed using [[Linux root|Root access]].
1663|4. high
1664|Ability to manually grant this permission to specific apps.
1665|-
1666|[[USB-OTG]] write access
1667|Restriction
1668|Ability for third-party apps to write to external USB storage.
1669|
1670|Android 6.0 (2016)
1671|In [[Android 4.4]].2 (early 2014), which made SD cards non-writeable to third-party apps, USB-OTG was not affected by that change.<!-- To be tested: Android 6.0 grants access to USB OTG package name folder? -->
1672|4. high
1673|Ability to manually grant this permission to specific apps.
1674|-
1675|App data retention on user app uninstallation<ref name=AndroidKitKat>[http://archive.today/2015.05.09-021632/http://web.archive.org/web/20141216224627/http://source.android.com/devices/tech/storage#multi-user-external-storage Source.Android.com (2014): ''"External Storage"'', section "multi-user-external-storage".]</ref><ref name=KitKatastrophe>[https://www.android-user.de/kitkatastrophe-probleme-mit-microsd-karten-unter-android-4-4/ ''“KitKatastrophe: Probleme mit MicroSD-Karten unter Android 4.4”'' — German article from ''Android-User.de'']</ref>
1676|Restriction
1677|Apps uninstalled prior to Android 4.4 kept their shared app data (user data storage: Android/data/''package name'' and the same path on the micro SD card), while Android 4.4 onwards deletes the data, which could lead to accidential data loss.
1678|Presumably Android 1.0
1679|Android 4.4
1680|The '''private''' app data folder in /data (root directory) had always been deleted during uninstallation, but before Android KitKat, not the shared app data folder on the user storage space and MicroSD card.
1681|high
1682|Make this behaviour optional only.
1683|-
1684|Call recording<ref name=Android9dev />
1685|Restriction
1686|Recorded calls have been used as evidence in court cases and preserving historical family conversations.<ref name=ACR>[https://nllapps.com/apps/acr/android9.htm  ''“Android 9 does not support real two call recording. However, there is still good news.”'' — Article by developer NLL apps]</ref>
1687|Officially: Android 6.
1688Workaround ineffective: Android 9<ref name=ACR/>
1689|
1690*Samsung's modified Android operating system had a hidden native call recording feature that could be enabled, which however required root access.<ref name=CallRecEnable>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuO3yfFGaoI Video: ''“Native Call Recording On Samsung Phones - How to Enable! &#91;Root&#93;”] by [https://www.youtube.com/user/aphroditelikesme C4Etech]</ref>
1691*In Android 6, running a voice recorder application such as <code>com.nll.asr</code> during a phone call was possible.
1692|3. Very high
1693|Allow call recording. Someone could still use an external microphone for that, and call recording is perfectly legitimate for the reasons previously described.
1694|-
1695|Background access to sensors, camera and microphone.<ref name=BackgroundAccess>[https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091104/android-p-prevents-apps-using-mic-camera-idle-background Article by TheVerge: ''“Android P prevents apps using microphone and camera idle (background)”'']</ref><ref name=Android9dev>[https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0-changes-all#privacy-changes-all  Google Developers documentation: Android 9 – Behavioural changes; restrictions ]</ref><ref name=XDA-Mic>[https://www.xda-developers.com/android-p-audio-recording-limitations-privacy/ XDA-Developers news article: "Android P will also Prevent Idle Background Apps from Recording you via Microphone]</ref><ref name=AndroidAuth-Mic>[https://www.androidauthority.com/android-p-camera-restrictions-839076/ AndroudAuthority article: ''“Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you”'']</ref><ref name=WCCF>[https://wccftech.com/android-p-will-prevent-background-apps-accessing-microphone/ “Android P Will Prevent Background Apps From Accessing the Microphone” – WCCFtech.com article]</ref>
1696|Restriction
1697|Anti-theft security/surveillance apps such as ''[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.havenapp.main Haven app]'' rely heavily on this functionality. Voice recording with more advanced third-party applications such as <code>com.nll.asr</code> are no longer functional.
1698|
1699|Android 9
1700|There is no ability to enable this functionality manually for specific applications (i.e. security and anti-theft software).
1701|2. Very high
1702|Ability to manually grant this permission to specific apps.
1703|-
1704|More than 1 apps can access microphone simultaneously
1705|Restriction
1706|Allows filming without interrupting voice recording.
1707|
1708|unknown
1709|The telephone app was still able to access the microphone while a voice recorder was running, until Android 6.0 or 7.0{{which}}
1710|Medium
1711|-
1712|Third-party text selector support<ref name="nostalgia" />
1713|Restriction
1714|Custom text selection menus and options.
1715|
1716|
1717|
1718|Above average; Depending on user
1719|-
1720|IR transmitter support<ref name="nostalgia" />
1721|Feature removal
1722|Allowed using mobile phone with necessary hardware to transmit infrared signals for simulating a [[television]] [[remote control]].
1723|[[Android 4.4]] (early 2014)
1724|
1725|This feature already existed on the Samsung Galaxy S4 with Android 4.2.1 and 4.3; and on the Galaxy Note 3 with Android 4.3.
1726|High, depending on user.
1727|-
1728|<code>/system/bin/[[Wikipeida:CURL|curl]]</code><ref name="nostalgia" />
1729|Feature removal
1730|Command for [[Concatinate|concatinating]] (''“[[Cat command|cat]]''”)and showing the source code of webpages. Could be used to download websites and files from the internet. Could be accessed via Android Terminal applications such as <code>jackpal.androidterm</code> (no longer developed due to absense of Jack Palevich<ref name=jackpal>[https://github.com/jackpal/Android-Terminal-Emulator Android Terminal GitHub repository]</ref>).
1731|unknown
1732|Android 6
1733|The [[wget]] command, which is very similar, never existed in first place on Android.
1734|High, depending on user.
1735|-
1736|App data in user storage ( Android/data/''[[Android package name|package.name]]''/ )
1737|Behavioural change
1738|The app data inside the Android folder in the '''''user data storage''''' ( /sdcard/ or /storage/emulated/0/ ) and MicroSD card ( /storage/extSdCard/ or /storage/????-????/ (volume serial number).) in the the subfolder Android/data/''package.name'' will '''also''' get removed since Android 4.4.2. Before, it was kept during uninstallation. This change could lead to accidential data losses.
1739|Beginning
1740|Android 4.4.2
1741|The data in the private app data storage (<code>/data/''package.name''/</code>) had always been deleted during uninstallation.
1742|
1743|-
1744|Ability for third-party applications to toggle [[WLAN]] and [[Bluetooth]].
1745|Restriction
1746|Allowed third-party applications to automate the controls of device features such as WiFi or Bluetooth.
1747|
1748|Android 9
1749|
1750|Medium
1751|-
1752|Ability for services to launch activities.<ref name=https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/byaipo/list_of_removed_features/eqhzvkj/ ''“List of removed features”'' – Reddit discussion on /r/Android</ref>
1753|Restriction
1754|Android Q will prevent apps from launching activities while in the background, in order to cut down on apps unexpectedly jumping into the foreground. If an app needs to get your attention quickly, it can use a high priority notification and provide a full screen intent instead. Could limit some apps and lead to compatibility issues with older applications.
1755|
1756|Android 10
1757|
1758|Make the ability to launch activities in background a manually grantable permission.
1759|-
1760|Google [https://www.greenbot.com/article/3078180/how-google-nearby-works-and-how-you-can-take-advantage-of-it.html Nearby]<ref name=XDA-Nearby>[https://www.xda-developers.com/google-discontinuing-android-nearby-notifications/ ''“Google is discontinuing support for Android Nearby Notifications”'' – XDA Developers News on October 25th 2018</ref>
1761|Removed feature
1762|Allows devices in near proximity to communicate, similar to Nintendo [[StreetPass]], introduced in 2011 on their [[Nintendo 3DS|3DS]] console.
1763|Android 6
1764|
1765|
1766|
1767|-
1768|Native dark theme<ref name=darktheme>[https://pocketnow.com/android-marshmallow-missing-dark-theme PocketNow article from 2015-09-26 about removal of dark theme from Android 6.0 Marshmallow]</ref>
1769|Removed feature
1770|Ability to have dark backgrounds in menus and various user interfaces of applications, to reduce eye strain and save significant amonuts of battery power on [[AMOLED]] screen.
1771|
1772|
1773|
1774|-
1775|Overflow notification icon conuter
1776|Removed feature
1777|An icon with a counter in the notification icon bar in the upper left corner of the screen, which indicated that there are more notifications than the visible icons can represent due to insufficient screen space, had originally been replaced by an icon without the counter, presumably in Android 3.0. Now{{when}}, it has been removed entirely.
1778|
1779|
1780|
1781|}
1782
1783===Minor features===
1784The removal of these features does not majorly impact the usability of the device, but are still missed by users who made use of them.
1785{| class="wikitable sortable"
1786!Feature name
1787!Removal type
1788<small>Removed feature or added restriction?</small>
1789!Description
1790<small>Functionality and usage</small>
1791!Introduced in Android version<!-- include year and month? -->
1792!Removed/Restricted in Android version<!-- include year and month? -->
1793!Notes
1794<small>Additional information</small>
1795!Significance<!-- Needs to be sortable in correct order. -->
1796!Reserved column (if needed)
1797|-
1798|Ability to launch multi-window from long-pressing the task key (square since Android 5)
1799|Feature removal
1800|
1801|
1802|
1803|
1804|Depending on user
1805|-
1806|Lockscreen widgets<ref name="nostalgia" />
1807|Feature removal
1808|Custom widgets for the lockscreen.
1809|Android 4.2<ref name="nostalgia" />
1810|
1811|
1812|Depending on user
1813|-
1814|Live Folders<ref name="nostalgia" />
1815|Feature removal
1816|Lets apps display any source of data on the home screen without requiring the user to launch an application.
1817|Android 1.5
1818|likely Android 4.0
1819|Mostly deprecated due to posh notifications.
1820|Below average
1821|-
1822|Ability to categorize contacts
1823|Feature removal
1824|
1825|Android 5.0 (early 2015)
1826|
1827|Samsung TouchWiz maintained that feature.
1828|Above average, depending on user.
1829|-
1830|Android Beam<ref name="nostalgia" />
1831|Feature removal
1832|
1833|
1834|
1835|
1836|Above average, depending on user.
1837|-
1838|''Daydream'' screensavers<ref name="nostalgia" />
1839|Feature removal
1840|
1841|
1842|
1843|
1844|Average
1845|-
1846|Google Now<ref name="nostalgia" />
1847|Feature removal
1848|
1849|
1850|<!-- Re-downloadable? Is the APK app of it still functional? -->
1851|
1852|Depending on user
1853|-
1854|QuickOffice
1855|No longer pre-installed
1856|Google's simple document viewer
1857|
1858|
1859|Removed by [[Google]] from the [[Google Play Store|Play Store]], but still downloadable as [[APK]] file.
1860|Low, because manually re-downloadable.
1861|-
1862|Recycle bin / dumpster app support
1863|Restriction
1864|''Recycle bin'' applications prevent accidential data losses by grabbing a copy of a file in the moment it gets deleted.
1865|
1866|Android 5.0: Only some files get rescued. Android 6.0: No files get rescued at all.
1867|What exactly leads to a file being rescued or lost in Android 5.0 is unknown yet.
1868|High (depending on user)
1869|-
1870|
1871|}
1872
1873==Potentially removed in future==
1874
1875*[[Android Debug Bridge]] (''ADB'') app+data backups.<ref name=Reddit-abd>[https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/byaipo/list_of_removed_features/eqkj2b0/ “(future) deprecation of adb backups” by user [https://www.reddit.com/user/Renaldi_the_Multi/] Renaldi_the_Multi] on Reddit.
1876
1877==Re-added features==
1878{| class="wikitable sortable"
1879|
1880|This section '''needs expansion'''. <small>You can help by adding to it.</small>
1881|}
1882This section documents features that temporarily disappeared from Android, then have been added again.
1883
1884*Since Android 5.0, apps ('''only with the API level of 20 or higher''') can have write-access to the [[MicroSD]] card again.
1885**Older non-updated applications with an API level of 19 or lower are unable to write to the MicroSD card, but are able to read as usual.
1886**Read and write access to the application's own directory on the MicroSD card (in <code>/storage/''????-????''/Android/data/''package.name''</code> or <code>/storage/extSdCard/Android/data/''package.name''</code> ) has been possible as usual.
1887*Android 6.0 adds equivalent feature to ''app-ops'' back.
1888*Android 10: Universal dark mode. Compatible applications can adapt to the setting (similar to [[Linux Mint]] [[Linux Mint Cinnamon|Cinnamon]] and [[KDE]] for common [[Linux]] [[Linux distribution|distributions]]). Originally during Android 7 developement, but it was available in several beta versions.
1889
1890==Vendor-specific==
1891Some vendors have a special set of features that have been removed from their devices, notably Samsung in 2015 with their Galaxy S6.
1892
1893===Samsung===
1894(List currently somewhat messy.)
1895
1896{| class="wikitable sortable"
1897|
1898|This section '''needs expansion'''. <small>You can help by adding to it.</small>
1899|}
1900
1901*[[Samsung Air View]] in [[video player]] (show preview when hovering pen or finger above video seek bar in pre-installed video player; originally introduced on Galaxy S4; hardware for finger hovering only existed on S4, Note 3, S5 and Galaxy Alpha.)
1902*Gesture control (originally introduced on Galaxy S4 (early 2013), removed on Note 4 (late 2014))
1903*[[Mobile high-definition]] link (MHL) [[HDMI]] support removed in 2015 due to removed hardware capabilities.
1904*Homescreen (not to be confused with app drawer):
1905**Ability to drag'n'drop apps into "App Info"
1906**Side-slide page navigation by holding down the dots between the bottom row and the homescreen pages. (removed in 2015 with Galaxy S6). Also applies to app drawer.
1907*App drawer (lists all apps):
1908**Ability to list downloaded apps exclusively.
1909**Ability to show deactivated apps and reactivate multiple at a time.
1910**Ability to view apps as alphabetical list without affecting the original grid view mode app arrangement.
1911**Galaxy S5 setting menu view modes: List view, Grid view, Tab view.
1912***On the Galaxy Note 4, List view and Tab view was available. Grid view had been removed.
1913***Samsung phones until S4/Note 3 with Android 4.4.2 or lower had only one viewing method: A combination of tab view and list view, without the ability to sideswipe to the previous or next tab.
1914***Phones since S6 only have list view.
1915**Icons in context menus such as in S Browser
1916**S Browser: Ability to force open a website inside the same tab without opening a new tab, by holding a link and selecting "Open" (plain word) in the pop-up menu that appears. This menu entry has been removed in late 2016 (Note 7: Android 6. Older phones: Android 7.)
1917**S Browser change: Since 2015, opening the 51th tab does close the oldest tab.
1918*2160p video recording limited to 10 minutes (Since: [[Samsung Galaxy Note 7]] with Android 6 and older phones with Android 7. Earlier limit: 5 minutes; Galaxy S7 with Android 6 had no fixed time limit.)
1919*Since Galaxy Note 4 (and Galaxy S5/Note 3/S4 with Android 5.0 update), the background colour of the menus have been changed to white instead of black, which
1920**This change defeated the main benefit of [[AMOLED]] displays: dark pixel power saving. It also reduces the lifespan of the AMOLED display and could be straining to the eyes, which can be worked around by using the "negative colour" view mode.
1921*(minor) Number shown when adjusting the brightness (left screen side) or volume control (right screen side) inside the video player by sliding up or down with the finger.
1922*Camera app: Ability to choose video bitrate ("quality") in 3 levels of high, medium, low. (removed since Galaxy S4). Not to be confused with video resolution setting.
1923*Toolbox feature (App shortcuts): Only existed on Galaxy S5 and Galaxy Alpha.
1924*Movable on-screen soft keys (existed on Note 4; other phones unknown)
1925*Only existed on Note 4: [[ultraviolet]] sensor.
1926*Ability to launch multi-window applications from side bar without interfering with current app or interrupting app that does not support multi window. (only on Note 4: made split screen and S-Pen window interconnected)
1927*Changes in software key handling
1928*Camera setting menu since Galaxy S6: No more icons + camera viewfinder does no longer stand by behind setting menu, and needs to be reloaded when returning to the camera.
1929*Since Galaxy S6: Custom camera shortcuts.
1930*On the S5 and Note 4, holding the task key for 2 seconds or more simulates a press on the option key.
1931**Before, a long press on the option key simulated the ''Search key''. until the Galaxy Note 4).<!-- Yes, such a key actually existed on many devices, such as the Samsung GT-i5500). -->
1932*Samsung Video Player since Galaxy S6: Playback speed selector only shown above video player controls if a different speed than x1.0 has been set.
1933*Samsung Video player since Galaxy S6: Frame skipping and the ability to save a paused frame as photo has been removed.
1934*Clipboard:
1935**Ability to lock items into clipboard.
1936**Ability to export photos in clipboard to gallery.
1937**Clipboard items in even, consistent rows instead of three columns with varying vertical height of each displayed item.
1938*Since [[Galaxy S5]]: Model number (e.g. ''SM-N9005'' for European [[Galaxy Note 3]]) does no longer appear on the [http://c2.bgr.com/2014/02/galaxy-s5-boot-screen-android.jpg initial boot screen], [[:File:Samsung Galaxy S5 logo.svg|only the logo of the device itself.]]
1939*EXIF metadata and histogram viewer removed since the Galaxy Note 4's precluded ''gallery'' (photo album) software.
1940*Removed on [[Galaxy S6]]: "[[MMS]]" video recording mode that records at [[QCIF]] with a maximum size of 295 KB.
1941*[[Galaxy Note 4]]: Ability to save both with-HDR and non-HDR picture simultaneously.
1942*[[Galaxy S6]]: Ability to create custom vibration patterns.
1943*[[Galaxy S6]] music app: ''"Music Square"'' (existed <!--since ___? --> until the Galaxy Note 4).
1944*[[Galaxy S7]]: No more pre-installed Samsung music app.
1945*[[Galaxy S6]]: Feature removal: Date jumping in calendar (or ''“S Planner”'') by manually entering year/month/day numbers.
1946*''Party mix'' feature in music player (how does it differ from the normal random mode?)
1947*Pre-installed music player (no longer since Galaxy S7)
1948*Samsung Video Player since Galaxy S6: Playback speed selector only shown above video player controls if a different speed than x1.0 has been set.
1949*Samsung Video player since Galaxy S6: Frame skipping and the ability to save a paused frame as photo has been removed.
1950*Clipboard:
1951**Ability to lock items into clipboard.
1952**Ability to export photos in clipboard to gallery.
1953**Clipboard items in even, consistent rows instead of three columns with varying vertical height of each displayed item.-->
1954<!-- Hardware features; written here temporarily because it is out of the scope of this article, but another article might be created.
1955* UV sensor (only existed on Galaxy Note 4)
1956* Temperature and hygrometer sensors (only S4 and Note 3)
1957* ''Options'' hardware key (replaced with ''tasks'' key on Galaxy S55)
1958* Replaceable battery. Battery age is now a serious problem.
1959* Radio (still partially exists on mid-class phones)
1960* MicroSD missing on several devices, unclear if remains on S11.
1961* USB 3.0 downgraded to 2.0 again on Note 4 and S6 (USB-C could technically cover USB 3.0, but whether that is implemented is unclear).
1962* MHL HDMI since Galaxy S6.
1963* Navigation keys outside the screen (since Galaxy S8 with display design that covers the entire front face).
1964-->
1965
1966<!-- To be tested: Android 6.0 grants access to USB OTG package name folder? -->
1967
1968== Resources ==
1969=== Potential sources of information (draft article) ===
1970
1971==== Reddit discussions ====
1972*[https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/afiovm/what_is_one_thing_that_has_been_removed_from/ ''What is one thing that has been removed from "stock" Android that you would like for them to bring back?'' – /r/Android]
1973*[https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/b7e7qi/removed_features_since_the_pie_update_and_the/ ''Removed features since the Pie update, and the state of Samsung tech support.'']
1974*[https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/900il4/google_removed_one_of_the_most_useful_android/ ''Google removed one of the most useful Android features from YouTube'']
1975*[https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/byaipo/list_of_removed_features/ ''“As we all know, Google likes to remove used features for the sake of change with every version.”''] (mirror: http://archive.fo/r7cZR )
1976
1977====XDA-Developers====
1978*Potenitally adverse software change: [https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2711239 – Galaxy S4#i9506 software modification to enable 2160p video recording: Android 4.4.2 somehow limits the maximum video duration to 5 minutes and the audio bitrate to 192 kbps instead of 256 kbps.]
1979
1980==See also==
1981{{Navbox UX}}
1982*[[Benefits of user-replaceable batteries]]
1983*[[List of features iPhones lack]]
1984*[[List of features iPhones got late]]
1985*[[List of hardware features removed from Samsung Galaxy devices]]
1986*[[Android version history]]
1987*[[List of features removed in Windows]]
1988*[[List of features removed in Windows Phone]]
1989
1990==References==
1991<references />
1992
1993
1994{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
1995|+ <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Article information</span>
1996|-
1997|class=" mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"|The original article was developed starting on July 23rd, 2019 on Wikipedia, but later [[deletionism on Wikipedia|deleted due to digital dementia]] (aggressive deletionism culture on Wikipedia).
1998
1999The article was deleted on 2019-10-18, thus information added to the article between 2019-10-15 and 2019-10-18 is lost.
2000
2001*[http://archive.today/2019.10.15-161804/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:List_of_features_removed_from_Android Archive of 2019-10-15.]
2002*[http://archive.today/2019.07.31-111436/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:List_of_features_removed_from_Android?action=edit Lastest source code archive (July 31st, 2019)]
2003|}
2004
2005[[Category:Removed features]] [[Category:Smartphones]] [[Category:Mobile phones]]
2006
2007This is a historical comparison of the [[video recording]] functionality in [[mobile phone]] cameras. 
2008
2009
2010==Summary==
2011
2012===Tables===
2013Maximum resolutions mentioned allow '''continous''' recording for at least one minute.
2014
2015(I.e. “''720p@960fps”'' does not count if it is limited to few seconds.)
2016
2017*'''Bold text:''' Camera mode with highest pixel rate.
2018*{{green|Green text}}: Improvement over previous year.
2019*''“OIS”'' = “[[Optical image stabilization]]” (i.e. the lens moves to compensate for unwanted camera shakes).
2020
2021{| class="wikitable"
2022|+Summary of smartphone camcorders (rear camera)
2023!Manufacturer→
2024Year ↓
2025!Maximum continuous{{notetag|“Continuous” duration is considered at least one minute (60s) per video.}} pixel rate
2026!Samsung (flagships)
2027!Samsung (mid-class)
2028!Apple
2029!Huawei
2030!OnePlus
2031!LG
2032!
2033!
2034|-
2035|2007
2036|
2037|
2038|
2039|None
2040|
2041|
2042|
2043|
2044|
2045|-
2046|2008
2047|
2048|
2049|
2050|None
2051|
2052|
2053|
2054|
2055|
2056|-
2057|2009
2058|{{green|27648000}}
2059|'''{{green|720p@30fps}}'''
2060{{green|240p@120fps*}}
2061|
2062|'''{{green|480p@30fps 4:3}}'''
2063|
2064|
2065|
2066|
2067|
2068|-
2069|2010
2070|27648000
2071|'''720p@30fps'''
2072|
2073|'''{{green|720p@30fps}}'''
2074|
2075|
2076|
2077|
2078|
2079|-
2080|2011
2081|{{green|62208000}}
2082|'''{{green|1080p@30fps}}'''
2083|
2084|'''{{green|1080p@30fps}}'''
2085|
2086|
2087|
2088|
2089|
2090|-
2091|2012
2092|62208000
2093|'''1080p@30fps'''
2094{{green|480p@120fps*}}
2095|'''{{green|720p@30fps}}''' (S3 mini)
2096|'''1080p@30fps'''
2097|
2098|
2099|
2100|
2101|
2102|-
2103|2013
2104|{{green|248832000}}
2105|'''{{green|2160p@30fps}}'''
2106{{green|1080p@60fps}}
2107
2108{{green|720p@120fps*}}
2109|'''{{green|1080p@30fps}}''' (S4 mini)
2110|1080p@30fps
2111'''{{green|720p@120fps}}'''
2112|'''1080p@30fps'''
2113|'''{{green|2160p@30fps}}'''
2114720p@120fps
2115|
2116|
2117|
2118|-
2119|2014
2120|248832000
2121|{{green|OIS}} (Note 4)
2122'''2160p@30fps'''
2123
21241080p@60fps
2125
2126720p@120fps*
2127|'''1080p@30fps''' (S5 mini)
2128|{{green|1080p@60fps}}
2129'''{{green|720p@240fps}}'''
2130|'''1080p@30fps'''
2131|'''2160p@30fps'''
2132720p@120fps
2133|'''{{green|2160p@30fps}}'''
2134{{green|1080p@60fps}}
2135
2136{{green|720p@120fps}}
2137|
2138|
2139|-
2140|2015
2141|248832000
2142|OIS
2143'''2160p@30fps'''
2144
21451080p@60fps
2146
2147{{green|720p@120fps}}
2148|'''1080p@30fps''' (Galaxy A and J series)
2149|{{green|OIS (6s+ only)}}
2150'''2160p@30fps'''
2151
2152'''{{green|1080p@120fps}}'''
2153
2154720p@240fps
2155|'''1080p@30fps'''
2156|'''2160p@30fps'''
2157720p@120fps
2158|'''2160p@30fps'''
2159720p@120fps
2160|
2161|
2162|-
2163|2016
2164|248832000
2165|OIS
2166'''2160p@30fps'''
2167
21681080p@60fps
2169
2170720p@240fps
2171|'''1080p@30fps''' (Galaxy A and J series)
2172|{{green|OIS}}
2173'''2160p@30fps'''
2174
2175'''1080p@120fps'''
2176
2177720p@240fps
2178|{{green|OIS}}
2179'''{{green|2160p@30fps}}'''
2180
2181{{green|1080p@60fps}}
2182|'''2160p@30fps'''
2183720p@120fps
2184|
2185|
2186|
2187|-
2188|2017
2189|{{green|497664000}}
2190|OIS
2191'''2160p@30fps'''
2192
21931080p@60fps
2194
2195720p@240fps
2196|'''1080p@30fps''' (Galaxy A and J series)
2197|{{green|OIS}}
2198'''{{green|2160p@60fps}}'''
2199
2200'''{{green|1080p@240fps}}'''
2201
2202720p@240fps
2203|OIS
2204'''{{green|2160p@30fps}}'''
2205
2206{{green|1080p@60fps}}
2207
2208{{green|720p@120fps*}}
2209|
2210|
2211|
2212|
2213|-
2214|2018
2215|497664000
2216|OIS
2217'''{{green|2160p@60fps}}'''
2218
2219'''{{green|1080p@120fps}}'''
2220
2221{{green|720p@240fps}}
2222|'''1080p@30fps''' (Galaxy A7<ref>[https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_a7_2018-review-1851p5.php hSamsung Galaxy A7 (2018) review] – GSMArena team, 9 November 2018</ref>)
2223|OIS
2224'''2160p@60fps'''
2225
2226'''1080p@240fps'''
2227
2228720p@240fps
2229|OIS
2230'''2160p@30fps'''
2231
2232'''{{green|1080p@120fps}}'''
2233
2234720p@240fps
2235|{{green|'''2160p@60fps'''}}
2236{{green|720p@480fps}}
2237|
2238|
2239|
2240|-
2241|2019
2242|497664000
2243|OIS
2244'''2160p@60fps'''
2245
2246'''{{green|1080p@240fps}}'''
2247
2248720p@240fps
2249|
2250|OIS
2251'''2160p@60fps'''
2252
2253'''1080p@240fps'''
2254
2255720p@240fps
2256|
2257|
2258|
2259|
2260|
2261|-
2262|2020
2263|{{green|995328000}}
2264|OIS
2265'''{{green|2160p@120fps}}'''
2266
2267'''{{green|1080p@480fps}}'''
2268
2269{{green|720p@960fps}}
2270|
2271|OIS
2272'''{{green|2160p@120fps}}'''
2273
2274'''{{green|1080p@480fps}}'''
2275
2276{{green|720p@960fps}}
2277|
2278|
2279|
2280|
2281|
2282|-
2283|
2284|
2285|
2286|
2287|
2288|
2289|
2290|
2291|
2292|
2293|-
2294|
2295|
2296|
2297|
2298|
2299|
2300|
2301|
2302|
2303|
2304|}
2305
2306:<nowiki>* = Not in real-time (but menial).</nowiki>
2307
2308{| class="wikitable"
2309|+Summary of smartphone camcorders (front camera)
2310!Manufacturer→
2311Year ↓
2312!Samsung
2313!Apple
2314!Huawei
2315!LG
2316!Sony
2317!HTC
2318!
2319|-
2320|2007
2321|
2322|None
2323|
2324|
2325|
2326|
2327|
2328|-
2329|2008
2330|
2331|None
2332|
2333|
2334|
2335|
2336|
2337|-
2338|2009
2339|240p@30fps
2340|None
2341|
2342|
2343|
2344|
2345|
2346|-
2347|2010
2348|480p@30fps
2349|480p@30fps
2350|
2351|
2352|
2353|
2354|
2355|-
2356|2011
2357|480p@30fps
2358|480p@30fps
2359|
2360|
2361|
2362|
2363|
2364|-
2365|2012
2366|720p@30fps
2367|720p@30fps
2368|
2369|
2370|
2371|
2372|
2373|-
2374|2013
2375|1080p@30fps
2376|720p@30fps
2377|
2378|1080p@30fps
2379|1080p@30fps
2380|1080p@30fps
2381|
2382|-
2383|2014
2384|1440p@30fps
2385|720p@30fps
2386|
2387|
2388|
2389|
2390|
2391|-
2392|2015
2393|1440p@30fps
2394|720p@30fps
2395|
2396|
2397|
2398|
2399|
2400|-
2401|2016
2402|1440p@30fps
2403|1080p@30fps
2404|
2405|
2406|
2407|
2408|
2409|-
2410|2017
2411|1440p@30fps
2412|1080p@30fps
2413|
2414|
2415|
2416|
2417|
2418|-
2419|2018
2420|1440p@30fps
2421|1080p@30fps
2422|
2423|
2424|
2425|
2426|
2427|-
2428|2019
2429|2160p@30fps
2430|720p@240fps
2431|
2432|
2433|
2434|
2435|
2436|-
2437|2020
2438|2160p@60fps
2439|
2440|
2441|
2442|
2443|
2444|
2445|-
2446|
2447|
2448|
2449|
2450|
2451|
2452|
2453|
2454|-
2455|
2456|
2457|
2458|
2459|
2460|
2461|
2462|
2463|}
2464
2465===Graphs===
2466{{Empty section}}
2467
2468==Smartphone camcorder comparison==
2469This is a comparison of the video recording capabilities of the rear cameras common mobile phones.
2470
2471===Samsung===
2472
2473(There are more models, but let's first add (focus on) the popular flagship series: [[Galaxy Note series]] and [[Galaxy S series]].)
2474
2475It also includes the fixed maximum length per video. A new video can be recorded after the time limit is reached, but the device might deny video recording (e.g. S5 for 2160p) to prevent overheating, or also when no more space storage or battery power is left.
2476
2477The photo capture during video recording, if supports, captures photos at the highest possible resolution at the video's aspect ratio, which meant that the 2014-2015 mobile phones (16 Mexapixels at 16:9 aspect ratio) could capture full-resolution still images during video recording at up to 1080p.
2478
2479Above 30 fps, there is only one video resolution available (e.g. 1080p@60fps, but '''no option for 720p@60fps''' for space storage saving).
2480
2481​
2482
2483{{legend|lightblue|2= = Improvement compared to previous flagship phone.}} <!-- Guessed template name! It gave me exactly what I wanted! Thank you, Wikipedia! --> 
2484
2485{| class="wikitable sortable"
2486
2487|-
2488
2489|+Samsung Galaxy phones: rear camera video recording specifications.
2490
2491![[Smartphone]] model!!Release year!!30fps!!60fps!!120fps!!240fps
2492
2493!>240fps
2494
2495!Time limits!![[Optical image stabilization]] (OIS)?!![[slowmotion#realtime|Real-time slow motion]] method?!!Photo capture during video recording
2496!Image sensor model!!Notes
2497
2498|-
2499
2500||[[Galaxy S1]]
2501
2502||2010
2503
2504| style="background-color:lightblue" |720p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2505
2506||No
2507
2508||No
2509
2510||<nowiki>No  |No</nowiki>
2511
2512||{{No}}
2513
2514|1h
2515
2516||No
2517
2518||(No)
2519
2520|-
2521
2522|[[Galaxy S2]]
2523
2524||2011 H1
2525
2526| style="background-color:lightblue" |1080p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2527
2528||No
2529
2530||No
2531
2532||No
2533
2534||No
2535
2536|1h
2537
2538||No
2539
2540||(No)
2541
2542||No
2543|
2544||First 1080p-supportive mobile phone generation.
2545
2546|-
2547
2548|[[Galaxy Note 1]]
2549
2550||2011 H2
2551
2552||1080p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2553
2554||No
2555
2556||No
2557
2558||No
2559
2560||No
2561
2562|1h
2563
2564||No
2565
2566||(No)
2567
2568||
2569|
2570|-
2571
2572|[[Galaxy S3]]{{NoteTag|Slow motion achievable through modifications, due to similar hardware as [[Galaxy Note 2]].}}
2573
2574||2012 H1
2575
2576||1080p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2577
2578||No
2579
2580||No
2581
2582||No
2583
2584||No
2585
2586|1h
2587
2588||No
2589
2590||(No)
2591
2592| style="background-color:lightblue" |<nowiki>Yes (only without digital video stabilization)}}</nowiki>
2593|
2594|-
2595
2596|[[Galaxy Note 2]]
2597
2598||2012 H2
2599
2600||1080p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2601
2602||No
2603
2604| style="background-color:lightblue" |720×480p 3:2
2605
2606||No
2607
2608||No
2609
2610|1h output video length {{NoteTag|[[slowmotion#menial|The menial slow motion]] recording method, when in use, shortens the maximum real-life recording duration to 1/2 (30m), 1/4 (15m) or 1/8 (7m30s), depending on the selected slow-motion mode, due to the respectiively stretched video output file. This applies to the Note 2, S4, Note 3, S5 and Note 4.}}
2611
2612||No
2613
2614||No
2615
2616||
2617|
2618|-
2619
2620|[[Galaxy S4]]{{NoteTag|1=The Galaxy S4 GT-i9506 can record at the same resolutions and framerates as the Galaxy Note 3 [https://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2711239 with  modifications], due to same CPU and GPU chipsets. }}
2621
2622||2013 H1
2623
2624||1080p {{small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2625
2626||No
2627
2628| style="background-color:lightblue" |800×450p 16:9
2629
2630||No
2631
2632||No
2633
2634|1h
2635
2636||No
2637
2638||No
2639
2640||
2641|
2642|-
2643
2644|[[Galaxy Note 3]]
2645
2646||2013 H2
2647
2648| style="background-color:lightblue" |2160p {{Small|(max. 5 minutes)}}
2649
2650| style="background-color:lightblue" |1080p {{Small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2651
2652| style="background-color:lightblue" |720p {{Small|(max. 1 hour)}}
2653
2654||No
2655
2656||No
2657
2658|
2659
2660||No
2661
2662||No
2663
2664||
2665|
2666|-
2667
2668|[[Galaxy S5]]{{NoteTag|Only the LTE-A version [[G901F]] supports 2560×1440p “WQHD”. All flagships since the Note 4 support it.}}
2669
2670||2014 H1
2671
2672||2160p
2673
2674||1080p
2675
2676|720p
2677
2678||No
2679
2680||No
2681
2682|
2683
2684||No
2685
2686||No
2687
2688||
2689|
2690|-
2691
2692|[[Galaxy Note 4]]
2693
2694||2014 H2
2695
2696||2160p
2697
2698||1080p{{NoteTag|The Note 4 ([[Android 4.4]].4) could be updated to [[Android 5]] and then [[Android 6]]. However, with Android 5, choosing “1080p@60fps” '''actually records at 30fps''' due to an undocumented bug in Samsung's documentation, which was fixed with the Android 6 update.}}
2699
2700||720p
2701
2702||No
2703
2704||No
2705
2706|
2707
2708||Yes
2709
2710||No
2711
2712||
2713|
2714|-
2715
2716|<li>[[Galaxy S6]] <small>+S6 edge</small><li>[[Galaxy Note 5]]<small>+[[S6 Edge Plus]]</small> 
2717
2718||2015 H1+H2
2719
2720||2160p
2721
2722||1080p
2723
2724||720p
2725
2726||No
2727
2728||No
2729
2730|
2731
2732||Yes
2733
2734||Yes
2735
2736||
2737|
2738||Both in same row because of identical data.
2739
2740|-
2741
2742|[[Galaxy S7]]
2743
2744||2016 H1
2745
2746||2160p (no time limits)
2747
2748||1080p
2749
2750||No
2751
2752| style="background-color:lightblue" |720p
2753
2754||No
2755
2756||None
2757
2758||Yes
2759
2760||Yes
2761
2762||
2763|
2764||2160p video recording is limited to 10 minutes since [[Android 7]] update.
2765
2766|-
2767
2768|[[Galaxy Note 7]]
2769
2770||2016 H2
2771
2772||2160p
2773
2774||1080p
2775
2776||[incomplete]
2777
2778||720p
2779
2780||No
2781
2782|
2783
2784||Yes
2785
2786||Yes
2787
2788||
2789|
2790|-
2791
2792|[[Galaxy S8]]
2793
2794||2017 H1
2795
2796||2160p
2797
2798||1080p
2799
2800||[incomplete]
2801
2802||720p
2803
2804||
2805
2806|
2807
2808||Yes
2809
2810||Yes
2811
2812|-
2813
2814|[[Galaxy Note 8]]
2815
2816||2017 H2
2817
2818||2160p
2819
2820||1080p
2821
2822||[incomplete]
2823
2824||720p
2825
2826||No
2827
2828|
2829
2830||Yes
2831
2832||Yes
2833
2834||
2835|
2836|-
2837
2838|[[Galaxy S9]]
2839
2840||2018 H1
2841
2842||''(2160p)''
2843
2844| style="background-color:lightblue" |2160p
2845
2846||[incomplete]
2847
2848||720p
2849
2850| style="background-color:lightblue" |960fps for limited time{{which}}<!--Exact time will be added.-->
2851
2852|
2853
2854|-
2855
2856|[[Galaxy Note 9]]
2857
2858||2018 H2
2859
2860||[incomplete]
2861
2862||[incomplete]
2863
2864||[incomplete]
2865
2866||[incomplete]
2867
2868||
2869
2870|
2871
2872||Yes
2873
2874||Yes
2875
2876|
2877|
2878|-
2879
2880|[[Galaxy S10]]
2881
2882||2019 H1
2883
2884||[incomplete]
2885
2886||[incomplete]
2887
2888||[incomplete]
2889
2890||[incomplete]
2891
2892||
2893
2894|
2895
2896||Yes
2897
2898||Yes
2899
2900|
2901|
2902|-
2903
2904|[[Galaxy Note 10]]
2905
2906||2019 H2
2907
2908||[incomplete]
2909
2910||[incomplete]
2911
2912||[incomplete]
2913
2914||[incomplete]
2915
2916||
2917
2918|
2919
2920||Yes
2921
2922||Yes
2923
2924|
2925|
2926|-
2927
2928|[[Galaxy S11]]
2929
2930||2020 H1
2931
2932||[incomplete]
2933
2934||[incomplete]
2935
2936||[incomplete]
2937
2938||[incomplete]
2939
2940||
2941
2942|
2943
2944||Yes
2945
2946||Yes
2947
2948|
2949|
2950|-
2951
2952|[[Galaxy Note 11]]
2953
2954||2020 H2
2955
2956||[incomplete]
2957
2958||[incomplete]
2959
2960||[incomplete]
2961
2962||[incomplete]
2963
2964|
2965
2966|
2967
2968|-
2969
2970|[[Galaxy S12]]
2971
2972||2021 H1
2973
2974||[incomplete]
2975
2976||[incomplete]
2977
2978||[incomplete]
2979
2980||[incomplete]
2981
2982||
2983
2984|
2985
2986||Yes
2987
2988||
2989
2990|
2991|
2992|-
2993
2994|[[Samsung Omnia HD]]
2995
2996||2009 H1
2997
2998||720p
2999
3000||No
3001
3002||Unknown
3003
3004||No
3005
3006||
3007
3008|
3009
3010||No
3011
3012||Unknown
3013
3014|
3015|
3016||First mobile phone in the world to support [[720p]] HD video recording, thus the name.
3017
3018||
3019
3020||
3021
3022||
3023
3024|-
3025
3026|[[Samsung Omnia 2]]
3027
3028||2009 H1
3029
3030||''D1'' (3:2 720×480)
3031
3032||No
3033
3034||[[QVGA]]
3035
3036||No
3037
3038|
3039
3040|
3041
3042||No
3043
3044||No
3045
3046||
3047|
3048||
3049
3050||
3051
3052|-
3053
3054|[[Samsung Galaxy A5]] (2016)
3055
3056||December 2015
3057
3058||1080p
3059
3060||No
3061
3062||No
3063
3064||No
3065
3066|
3067
3068|
3069
3070||Yes
3071
3072||(No)
3073
3074||
3075|
3076||
3077
3078|}
3079
3080​
3081
3082===Apple===
3083
3084All [[iPhone]]s use the [[Real-time video|real-time slow-motion recording method.]]
3085<!-- Mention iPads too? -->
3086
3087*{{legend|lightblue|2=Improvement compared to previous flagship phone.}}
3088*'''Bold highlighting:''' Camera mode with highest pixel rate throughput.
3089*{{Grey|Grey text}}: Same resolution available at a higher [[framerate]].
3090
3091All listed phones include variants such as ''[[iPhone 6s Plus]]'' or ''[[iPhone 11 Pro]] Max.'' 
3092<br />The video frame dimensions are always in the [[16:9]] format, unless otherways specified.
3093
3094{| class="wikitable sortable"
3095
3096|+[[iPhone]] rear (main) cameras: video recording.
3097
3098!{{green|Device}}
3099
3100!Release year
3101
3102!30fps
3103
3104!60fps
3105
3106!120fps
3107
3108!240fps
3109
3110!>240fps
3111!Pixel rate
3112
3113<small>per second</small>
3114![[Optical image stabilization]] (OIS)
3115!Audio recording
3116!Image sensor model
3117
3118|-
3119
3120|[[iPhone 2G]]
3121
3122|2007 H1
3123
3124|No{{NoteTag|It was possible to enable video recording at QVGA 320×240@15fps with non-official ([[Jailbreak]]-involving) modifications.}}
3125
3126|No
3127
3128|No
3129
3130|No
3131
3132|
3133| rowspan="2" |0
3134|No
3135|No
3136|
3137
3138|-
3139
3140|[[iPhone 3G]]{{NoteTag|Video recording on the iPhone 3G at 320×240@30fps can be enabled using inofficial modifications that involve [[jailbreak]]ing.}}
3141
3142|2008
3143
3144|No
3145
3146|No
3147
3148|No
3149
3150|No
3151
3152|
3153|No
3154|No
3155|
3156
3157|-
3158
3159|[[iPhone 3GS]]
3160
3161|2009
3162
3163| style="background:lightblue" |'''640×480p 4:3'''
3164
3165|No
3166
3167|No
3168
3169|No
3170
3171|
3172| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |9.216.000
3173|No
3174|style="background:lightblue" |Mono
3175|
3176
3177|-
3178
3179|[[iPhone 4]]
3180
3181|2010
3182
3183| style="background:lightblue" |'''720p'''
3184
3185|No
3186
3187|No
3188
3189|No
3190
3191|
3192| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |27.648.000
3193|No
3194|Mono
3195|
3196
3197|-
3198
3199|[[iPhone 4s]]
3200
3201|2011
3202
3203| style="background:lightblue" |'''1080p'''
3204
3205|No
3206
3207|No
3208
3209|No
3210
3211|
3212| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |62.208.000
3213|No
3214|Mono
3215|
3216
3217|-
3218
3219|[[iPhone 5]]
3220
3221|2012 H1
3222
3223|1080p
3224
3225|No
3226
3227|No
3228
3229|No
3230
3231|
3232|62.208.000
3233|No
3234|Mono
3235|
3236
3237|-
3238
3239|[[iPhone 5s]]
3240
3241|2013 H2
3242
3243|1080p
3244
3245|No
3246
3247| style="background:lightblue" |'''720p'''
3248
3249|No
3250
3251|
3252| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |110.592.000
3253|No
3254|Mono
3255|
3256
3257|-
3258
3259|[[iPhone 6]]/6+
3260
3261|2014 H2
3262
3263|{{grey|1080p}}
3264
3265| style="background:lightblue" |1080p
3266
3267|{{grey|720p}}
3268
3269| style="background:lightblue" |'''720p'''
3270
3271|
3272| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |221.184.000
3273|style="background:lightblue" |No{{NoteTag|Unlike the plain iPhone 6, the iPhone 6 '''Plus''' was equipped with optical image stabilization hardware. However, it only activates for photos, '''not for videos.'''}}
3274|Mono
3275|
3276
3277|-
3278
3279|[[iPhone 6s]]/6s+
3280
3281|2015 H2
3282
3283| style="background:lightblue" |'''2160p'''
3284
3285|{{grey|1080p}}
3286
3287| style="background:lightblue" |'''1080p'''
3288
3289|720p
3290
3291|
3292| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |248.832.000
3293|style="background:lightblue" |Only 6s+
3294|Mono
3295|
3296
3297|-
3298
3299|[[iPhone SE]]
3300
3301||2016 H1
3302
3303|'''2160p'''
3304
3305|{{grey|1080p}}
3306
3307|'''1080p'''
3308
3309|720p
3310
3311|
3312|248.832.000
3313|No
3314|Mono
3315|
3316
3317|-
3318
3319|[[iPhone 7]]/7+
3320
3321|2016 H2
3322
3323|'''2160p'''
3324
3325|{{grey|1080p}}
3326
3327|'''1080p'''
3328
3329|720p
3330
3331|
3332|248.832.000
3333|Yes{{notetag|The [[tele photo]] camera of the [[iPhone 7+]] is not equipped with [[optical image stabilization]].}}
3334|Mono
3335|
3336
3337|-
3338
3339|[[iPhone 8]]/8+/[[iPhone X|X]]
3340
3341|2017 H2
3342
3343|{{grey|2160p}}
3344
3345| style="background:lightblue" |'''2160p'''
3346
3347|{{grey|1080p}}
3348
3349| style="background:lightblue" |'''1080p'''
3350
3351|
3352| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |497.664.000
3353|Yes
3354|Mono
3355|
3356
3357|-
3358
3359|[[iPhone XS]]/XS+/[[iPhone XR|XR]]
3360
3361|2018 H2
3362
3363|{{grey|2160p}}
3364
3365|'''2160p'''
3366
3367|{{grey|1080p}}
3368
3369|'''1080p'''
3370
3371|
3372|497.664.000
3373|Yes
3374|style="background:lightblue" |Stereo
3375|
3376
3377|-
3378
3379|[[iPhone 11]]/11 Pro/11 Pro Max
3380
3381|2019 H2
3382
3383|{{grey|2160p}}
3384
3385|'''2160p'''
3386
3387|{{grey|1080p}}
3388
3389|'''1080p'''
3390
3391|
3392|497.664.000
3393|Yes
3394|Stereo
3395|
3396
3397|-
3398
3399|[[iPhone 12]]
3400
3401|2020 H2
3402
3403|{{grey|2160p}}
3404
3405|{{grey|2160p}}
3406
3407| style="background:lightblue" |'''2160p'''
3408
3409| style="background:lightblue" |{{NoteTag|1440p@240fps (2560×1440) could be technically possible for the iPhone 12, but Apple did not use 1440p on the iPhone 6 despite technically possible, therefore they might neglect it again.}}
3410
3411| style="background:lightblue" |'''1080p@360fps<br />1080p@480fps'''
3412| style="background:lightblue;text-align:right;" |995.328.000
3413|Yes
3414|Stereo
3415|
3416
3417|-
3418
3419!Device
3420
3421!Release year
3422
3423!30fps
3424
3425!60fps
3426
3427!120fps
3428
3429!240fps
3430
3431!>240fps
3432!Pixels per second
3433![[optical image stabilization|OIS]]
3434![[OIS]]
3435!Audio recording
3436|-
3437|}
3438
3439===OnePlus===
3440
3441*OnePlus 6: 720p@480fps (max. 1 minute). Whether real-time method or menial method: unknown yet.
3442
3443===Sony===
3444The Xperia Z1 can officially not record at 2160p, 1080p@60fps or 720p@120fps, but modifications can enable those recording modes, similarly to the [[Galaxy S4]] GT-i9506 LTE-A. The Xperia Z1 is eqipped with the same CPU (Snapdragon 800) and GPU (Adreno 330) as the Galaxy Note 3 that supports 2160p@30fps and 1080p@60fps and 720p@120fps video recording.
3445
3446===LG Mobile===
3447====LG V series====
3448The [[LG V10]]{{anchor|V10}}{{anchor|LG V10}} (2015) was praised for a camera user interface that allowed setting resolution, framerate and bitrate independently from each other.
3449
3450​In addition, similarly to the Sony FDR-AXP33 camcorder, many features of the user interface remain accessible, even during video recording.
3451
3452Unlike on Samsung's manual camera mode, it also allows adjusting the “ISO” light sensitivity while filming.
3453
3454===Asus===
3455
3456*[[Asus PadFone 2]] – 720p@60fps
3457
3458{{:User:Handroid7/template:notereflist}}
3459
3460​{{Navbox mobile phones}}
3461
3462==See also==
3463
3464*[[Comparison of mobile phones]]
3465
3466*[[List of features removed from Android]].
3467
3468==Notes==
3469{{NoteFoot}}
3470
3471==References==
3472​
3473
3474==External links==
3475
3476*[http://www.hispeedcams.com/mediatek-480fps-mt6795-devices-out-in-2015/ 2015 rumor: 1080p@480fps chipset “MediaTek MT6795”,] never released.
3477
3478[[Category:smartphones]] 
3479[[Category:mobile phones]] 
3480[[Category:comparison]]
3481[[Category:Mobile phone camcorders]]
3482[[Category:Mobile phone cameras]]
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487This essay explains why the power outlet design of power outlets used in [[Europe]]an countries such as [[Germany]] (also used in several countries in Asia, such as [[Iran]]) has a superior design compared to those used in Great Britain and the American continent.
3488
3489== Compact design ==
3490The design of the European plug allows for more compact outlet multiplier hubs<ref name=6_3>[https://www.handwerker-versand.de/images/product_images/popup_images/1271898-steckdose-3--und-6-fach.jpg ''“3+6”'' outlet multiplier hub design]</ref><ref name=2_1>[https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41BMzTfzxvL._AC_SY400_.jpg ''“2+1”'' outlet multiplier hub design]</ref> and also for a non-bulky design of USB wall chargers and reversible insertion.
3491
3492The British plug has a bulky design. Even more compact chargers need to have a separate earth prong, usually made out of plastic, to unlock the hot and neutral ports in the outlets. In addition, the prongs are more far apart.<ref name=USB>[https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB13g1xSFXXXXcUaXXXq6xXFXXX7/NOTOW-5V-2A-UK-US-AU-EU-Plug-Type-C-Wall-Charging-Travel-Power-Adapter-Quick.jpg USB wall charger design comparison: UK, USA, Australia and Europe. The British one requires a bulky design.]</ref>
3493
3494Not only does the British plug have a bulky design, but it also is '''not reversible.'''
3495
3496On the European plug design, the earth contacts are integrated on the side of the plugs that need one.
3497
3498== Safety ==
3499The North American outlet design allows the metal contacts of the plugs to be exposed while they touch the metal contacts inside the outlet.
3500
3501Not only is this a safety hazard<ref name=ElectroBOOM>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Dd6_TghcE0&t=5m35s Electrical engineer explains the safety hazard of North American plug design: Exposed contacts]</ref>, but it also allows [[darwinism|natural deselection]] by the [[outlet challenge]], a January 2020 [[Internet challenge]] of which participants drop conductive materials such as a coin in the exposed gap, which could cause sparks and poses a fire hazard.
3502
3503The European outlet design is designed in a way that the metal contacts of the plug can not be exposed while connected to the outlet.
3504
3505== Robustness ==
3506The American and Australian outlet design uses thin prongs that can be bent far more easily than those used in the European and British plugs.
3507
3508== Also see ==
3509* [[Benefits of user-replaceable batteries]]
3510{{Navbox electronics}}
3511
3512== References ==
3513<references />
3514
3515{{technology-stub}}
3516[[Category: Electronics]]
3517[[Category: Benefits]]
3518
3519
3520{{nutshell|A permanent automobile power outlet, which also provides power despite engine and ignition being powered off, can provide a significant benefit of convenience to passengers and the driver.}}
3521
3522A permanent automotive power outlet is a power outlet inside a vehicle's cabin (also described as ''12V'' outlet{{notetag|The voltage varies depending on factors such as battery charging state and whether the engine is running nd generating power through the alternator (usually 14V to 15V). The alternator regulates the voltage down at higher temperatures to prevent battery damage.}}) that is always supplied with power, even with engine and ignition switched off, due to being directly connected to the positive pole of the vehicular battery.
3523
3524This article describes the benefits of an automotive power outlet being permanently supplied with power, rather than only with a switched-on ignition or running engine.
3525
3526== Powering electronics while parked ==
3527Vehicular batteries have abundant energy capacities relative to mobile phones, power banks and various portable electronic accessories. Devices such as mobile phones and power banks can conveniently be charged by the passengers even without the engine running, and low power accessories such as portable fans are able to operate.
3528
3529Having to run the ignition or engine on idle just to charge a mobile phone while the car is parked is squanderous and inefficient. 
3530
3531An idling combustion engine wastes fuel and may pollute the surrounding air within minutes, especially indoors. For that reason, many public parking garages prohibit idling the engine. 
3532
3533While a vehicle is in ignition mode without the engine running, the car battery is being '''rapidly drained''' by the ignition itself and activated components such as headlights{{notetag|Vehicles usually allow turning off the headlights by enabling ''Park lights'', but those remain on with the ignition key removed until manually powered off}} (depending on vehicle) and on-board computers.
3534
3535A permanently powered outlet also spares the passengers from the inconvenient moment of the power being disconnected when the engine is powered off.
3536
3537Some vehicles, mainly family vans, have an additional power outlet in the trunk that acts as an easily accessible source of power during e.g. a picnic.
3538
3539== Charging devices during absence  ==
3540Electronics such as a secondary [[mobile phone]] and power banks can be left charging inside the automobile's cabin during absence{{Notetag|Leaving devices charging inside the car is not recommended during higher temperatures and exposure to sunlight which can cause the vehicle's cabin to heat up to temperatures that can, in addition to heat internally produced by the electronics while charging, be damaging to batteries, which are [[Benefits of user-replaceable batteries#History|not interchangeable in most mobile phones released since 2015]], therefore disabling the entire device upon expiration.}}{{Notetag|The vehicle's battery capacity should not be over-estimated. It may be abundant relative to a few mobile phones, but a few larger power banks or laptop computers could drain the battery to dangerously low levels, i.e. it being too weak to start the engine. This convenience should be used with responsibility.}}, so to be topped up or recharged upon return, making efficient use of that time.
3541
3542== Power not interrupted by engine start ==
3543During an engine start, the voltage of the vehicle's battery might drop to around 10 volts, which is a voltage most gadgets powered from an automotive power outlets, such as mobile phone chargers, can still operate on, therefore not inconveniently interrupting the power during an engine start.
3544
3545The voltage might drop more or less depending on whether the combustion engine is warmed up (= less drop), the charging state (higher = less drop) and age (higher = weaker) of the car battery.
3546
3547== How to patch? ==
3548Automobiles usually have a fuse box under the steering wheel or under the foot space of one of the front passengers, where a fuse slot permanently connected to the battery's plus pole can be tapped into using a so-called ''piggyback'' connector, connecting the battery's positive pole to the power outlet(s), closing the circuit.
3549
3550== Battery drain argument ==
3551Some argue that it could lead to a device (e.g. a portable fridge) to drain and empty the vehicle's battery if unintentionally left unconnected and powered on. However, some devices have a bottom power cut-off voltage to prevent the battery from unintentionally discharging below it.
3552
3553For that bit of required responsibility, the automobile's passengers could enjoy a significant benefit of convenience.
3554
3555One should note that it may be more likely to drain a vehicle's battery by habitually leaving the ignition on just to charge one mobile phone than unintentionally leaving an appliance powered, causing the car battery to drain.
3556
3557Many accessories have too low power demands (such as a mobile phone battery charge and low-power accessories such as portable fan) that they drain it very slowly only and/or don't demand as much total energy as the battery stores.
3558
3559== Notes ==
3560{{Notefoot}}
3561
3562== References ==
3563{{Reflist}}
3564[[Category:Automobiles]]
3565[[Category:Benefits]]
3566[[Category:Battery (electricity)]]
3567
3568This article documents criticism of Apple. Anyone is invited to contribute.
3569
3570
3571== Planned obsolescence ==
3572{{expand section}}
3573=== Popularizing non-replaceable batteries ===
3574{{main article|Benefits of user-replaceable batteries#History}}
3575No entity has contributed more to the market transition to the great transition from user-replaceable batteries to non-replaceable batteries than Apple, a [[design trend]] that is by definition [[planned obsolescence]].
3576
3577== Patent tyranny ==
3578{{expand section}}
3579
3580== Form over function ==
3581{{see also|Function over form}}
3582Apple is notorious for building devices in a way that discriminates functionality.
3583
3584iPhones have historically been designed with sacrificing battery capacity for slim design, and many laptop computers (so-branded ''Mac''s) by Apple only have very few, sometimes only one port, making it heavily reliant on adapters and sacrificing user convenience.
3585
3586In addition, the Apple ''Magic Mouse 2'', a wireless computer mouse, has a charging port at the bottom and non-replaceable battery, making the device temporarily unuseable after running out of battery charge.
3587
3588=== Poor functionality ===
3589Many generations of Apple iPhones lacked functionality that had been present in the devices of competing vendors for years.
3590
3591Apple iPhones have exclusive restrictions built in such as requiring an Internet connection to set up the device.<ref>Poal.co post: [https://poal.co/s/crApple/200741 ''Apple products (iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Apple TV) cannot be used without Internet''] (/u/Remove27; 2020-09-06)</ref> 
3592
3593In addition, no iPhone so far had any of these features:
3594
3595* Replaceable battery
3596* Navigation keys such as ''“Menu”, “Return”, “Tasks”''
3597* MHL-to-HDMI (Mobile High-Devinition link) output
3598* Universal serial bus charging port
3599* File transfer over:
3600** Bluetooth
3601** NFC
3602** WiFi Direct
3603* FM Radio receiver
3604* LED notification light
3605
3606=== Pricing ===
3607Although offering less functionality, Apple devices tend to cost more.
3608
3609== Vendor lock-in ==
3610{{expand section}}
3611Apple takes measures to keep users trapped in their proprietary ecosystems ([[vendor lock-in]]). Such measures include:
3612
3613=== Proprietary messaging services ===
3614Apple has the messaging service ''iMessage'' and the video conversation service ''Face Time'', which is exclusively accessible on Apple devices.
3615
3616On non-Apple devices, these services may only be accessible by heavy unofficial and unreliable workarounds.
3617
3618=== Proprietary file systems ===
3619By default, Apple computers only have poor support for file systems other than those developed by Apple themselves.
3620
3621For the default Windows file system ''NTFS'' (''New Technology File System''), Apple computers preclude read-only support.
3622
3623=== Proprietary plugs ===
3624Most non-Apple mobile phones released between 2010 and 2015 use an [[USB]]-B-Micro charging ports, and [[USB-C]] since 2015.
3625
3626In contrary, Apple has always used proprietary connectors in their mobile phones.
3627
3628iPhones until the iPhone 4 (2011) use the iPod charging port while iPhones since the iPhone 5 (2012) use a connector branded as ''“Lightning”''.
3629
3630
3631=== Proprietary communication protocols ===
3632Apple devices use exclusive proprietary protocols, such as ''AirPort'' for file sharing (''AirDrop''), multimedia streaming and screen sharing (''AirPlay''), while historically lacking support for file sharing over Bluetooth, WiFi Direct, NFC and Miracast (also known as ''Screen Mirroring''), the first of which many mobile phones have been equipped with since the early 2000s, and the other three since the early 2010s.
3633
3634== Scandals ==
3635{{expand section}}
3636=== Signal issues ===
3637Due to its metal frame antenna system design, the signal receptivity of the 2010 iPhone 4 could be disturbed with a specific hand grip.
3638
3639This scandal pressured Apple into giving away free phone cases made out of rubbee.
3640
3641=== Bendgate ===
3642Due to the flat and slim form factor of the iPhone 6+, the device is more vulnerable to being bent from torque. The metal frame may not be able to handle stress caused by bending with bare hands.<ref name=iBend>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZtEwpU9310&t=32s Video of iPhone 6+ being bent with bare hands.]</ref>
3643
3644This problem has persisted on iPads released towards at least 2020.
3645
3646=== 1970 time bug ===
3647A 2015 software bug in {{iquote|i Operating System}} (iOS) caused the system to become unuseable and get stuck upon setting the system date to 1970, caused by an integer overflow error by a date/time calculation attempted near the UNIX epoch time.
3648
3649=== Water resistance hoax ===
3650Shortly after the release of iOS 7 in 2013, a photorealistic hoax infographic appeared on the anonymous image board [[4chan]], claiming that ''“advanced algorithms”'' introduced to iOS7 control the delicate circuitry in a way to prevent water damage.<ref name=Guardian-Hoax>[https://archive.today/2014.09.04-111442/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/26/waterproof-iphone-ad-hoax-tricked-users-into-destroying-their-handsets ''“iPhone ad hoax tricked users into destroying thwir handsets”'' (TheGuardian on 2013-09-26)]</ref><ref name=massacre>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQEEJ57Gsow ''“The great iPhone massacre”'' — Short documentary movie by ''Internet Historian'' about several iPhone-related scandals]</ref>
3651
3652Several users have destroyed their device getting fooled by the hoax.<ref name=Sweenz001>[https://m.twitter.com/sweenz001/status/381774979672846337 Angry tweet by Twitter user Joe Sweeney ''(@sweenz001)'' after having destroyed his iPhone getting fooled by the iOS 7 water resistance hoax.</ref>
3653
3654=== Apple wave hoax ===
3655An [[internet hoax]] in the year 2014 has encouraged users to put their iPhone in a microwave oven to allegedly charge it within seconds.
3656
3657Some [[iSheep]] have destroyed their devices getting fooled by the hoax.<ref name=massacre />
3658
3659== Apple cult ==
3660{{Main article|Apple cult}}
3661Members of the Apple cult tend to devalue functionality on devices of other manufacturers while envaluing the same functionality if released often years later.
3662
3663== Resources ==
3664=== Related articles ===
3665{{Template: Navbox mobile phones}}
3666{{Navbox criticism}}
3667
3668=== External links ===
3669
3670=== References ===
3671<references />
3672
3673
3674[[Category:Technology]]
3675[[Category:Apple]]
3676[[Category:Mobile phones]]
3677[[Category:Criticism]]
3678
3679[[File:bannit.png|400px|right|thumb|Satirical Reddit logo ''“Bannit”''.]]
3680Reddit is the largest general purpose [[Internet]] [[discussion platform]] which consists of so-called ''subreddits'' that are communities of interest to specific topics.
3681<span style="float:right;clear:right;>__TOC__</span>
3682
3683This article documents criticism, incidents and scandals within Reddit.
3684
3685{{notice|Article under construction. Contributions are welcome.}}
3686
3687== Moderatorship abuse ==
3688{{expand section}}
3689On Reddit, subreddit moderators have significant leeway for abusive behaviour and tyranny.<ref name=downfall>Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du9SnhBHnCw Downfall of Reddit – by Overlord gaming (2020-04-01)]: 35-minute video criticizing Reddit for inconsistent policy enforcements, poor transparency, leeway for moderative tyranny, aggressive censorship and hidden policies.</ref>
3690
3691Subreddit moderators can get away with unreasonable bannings and hostility against innocent users.
3692
3693Moderators who have heavily abused their moderative powers include users ''Ani625'' and ''DrinkMoreCodeMore''.
3694
3695=== Moderator cabal ===
3696According to a user report, so-called ''power moderators'' on Reddit, those who hold a moderator position in  hundreds of subreddits, conspire inside Discord servers against individual users by running an automated script through their accounts to mass-banish said user from as many communities as possible, which is against the site-wide policies. However, any criticism of such behaviour gets encountered with the weaponized criticism-terminating buzz word {{iquote|nazi}}.<ref>[https://saidit.net/s/WatchRedditDie/comments/54bj/resource_article_criticism_of_reddit_anyone_can/kkm8 Comment by Saidit.net user ''AnotherClosetAtheist'']: {{iquote|Powermods run a Discord server enabled with a bot that runs a script to mass-ban users wherever that moderator is on a team, which could be as high as 1000 communities. This is against site-wide guidelines for moderators, but they argue that "the admins don't enforce it," and then reverse the blame, "well that user was a Nazi anyway, why are you defending Nazis?"}}</ref>
3697
3698== Comment editing scandal ==
3699In November 2016, Steve Huffman, the CEO of Reddit, whose user name is ''spez'', has been caught editing critical user comments, using his buearocratic technical abilities on Reddit.<ref name=>[https://www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2016/11/23/13739026/reddit-ceo-steve-huffman-edit-comments ''“Reddit’s CEO edited comments that criticized him”'' – TheVerge article from 2016-11-23.]</ref>
3700
3701Although he has apologized afterwards and promised never to do ''put words into user's mouths'' again, trust in Reddit has permanently suffered.
3702
3703== Banning for harmless interactions ==
3704Since early 2020, users '''merely voting''' or commenting inside communities may be site-banned if the community is deemed to be serving the purpose of a previously banned community, even if the previous ban was not reasonable in first place.<ref name=vote-ban>[http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=61546 Big Tech War on Free Speech: Reddit Starts Banning Users For Their Upvotes - InformationLiberation]</ref><ref>[https://pic8.co/sh/Iy11rN.png Screenshot of Reddit user earning a three-day ban for upvoting.]</ref>
3705
3706== Double standards ==
3707While Reddit bans controversial subreddits in the name of being family friendly, subreddits containing pornography are being allowed.{{citation needed}}
3708
3709== Events and incidents ==
3710{{Expand section}}
3711
3712=== June 2020 ban wave ===
3713In June 2020, dozens of major communities on Reddit have been banished.
3714
3715== Resources ==
3716=== Posts ===
3717User posts and comments
3718* [https://Poal.co/s/MeanwhileOnReddit ''/s/MeanwhileOnReddit'' – Community documenting and discussing recent happenings, news, incidents and history of Reddit.]
3719* [https://www.wikipediasucks.co/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=1762&p=18437#p18433 Criticism of Reddit by Eric Barbour]
3720* [https://www.wikipediasucks.co/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=1773&p=18519#p18519 Reddit June 2020 ban wave]
3721
3722=== Articles ===
3723{{Navbox criticism}}
3724
3725=== Videos ===
3726* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du9SnhBHnCw Downfall of Reddit – by Overlord gaming (2020-04-01)]: 35-minute video criticizing Reddit for inconsistent policy enforcements, poor transparency, leeway for moderative tyranny, aggressive censorship and hidden policies.
3727
3728=== References ===
3729<references />
3730
3731[[Category:Social media]]
3732[[Category:Criticism]]
3733