AWhK0WFA

11
200:00:28,725 --> 00:00:31,116
3You know, I grew up
4in country like this.
5
62
700:00:31,295 --> 00:00:34,110
8My dad and I were riding
9our horses up to these amazing...
10
113
1200:00:34,165 --> 00:00:35,842
13high mountain lakes.
14
154
1600:00:35,928 --> 00:00:40,578
17We'd ride back in to some pretty
18remote wilderness areas with...
19
205
2100:00:40,664 --> 00:00:44,399
22incredible streams, and meadows,
23and, and wildlife.
24
256
2600:00:44,530 --> 00:00:46,258
27I love it here.
28
297
3000:00:49,366 --> 00:00:50,642
31Look at this canyon.
32
338
3400:00:50,689 --> 00:00:52,954
35It reminds me of
36the Grand Canyon.
37
389
3900:00:52,993 --> 00:00:54,594
40You got this old stream.
41
4210
4300:00:54,629 --> 00:00:57,019
44You got these steep canyon walls.
45
4611
4700:00:57,246 --> 00:00:58,838
48How long do you
49suppose it would take
50
5112
5200:00:58,863 --> 00:01:00,543
53for a stream this small
54
5513
5600:01:00,668 --> 00:01:02,504
57to remove this much material
58
5914
6000:01:02,566 --> 00:01:05,131
61and cut the canyon this deep?
62
6315
6400:01:06,599 --> 00:01:08,295
65This rock has a story.
66
6716
6800:01:08,389 --> 00:01:10,928
69Just like I do and
70just like you do.
71
7217
7300:01:11,029 --> 00:01:12,975
74It came from somewhere.
75
7618
7700:01:13,092 --> 00:01:15,951
78A lot of these rocks
79have been dated to be
80
8119
8200:01:15,998 --> 00:01:19,639
83350,000 years old,
84up to 2 million.
85
8620
8700:01:19,769 --> 00:01:21,623
88That is pretty old.
89
9021
9100:01:22,193 --> 00:01:24,584
92But, it might surprise you
93to know
94
9522
9600:01:24,631 --> 00:01:27,936
97that all the geological formations
98that we see here,
99
10023
10100:01:27,990 --> 00:01:29,334
102the cannons,
103
10424
10500:01:29,569 --> 00:01:32,115
106the layers,
107even the plants,
108
10925
11000:01:32,326 --> 00:01:34,217
111are younger than I am.
112
11326
11400:01:34,490 --> 00:01:36,317
115When I was born,
116there was nothing here,
117
11827
11900:01:36,342 --> 00:01:37,896
120but the vast forest,
121
12228
12300:01:37,944 --> 00:01:41,576
124hundreds of feet below where
125we're standing right now.
126
12729
12800:01:42,214 --> 00:01:44,224
129In fact, before 1980,
130
13130
13200:01:44,328 --> 00:01:46,951
133most people had never even heard
134
13531
13600:01:47,029 --> 00:01:48,826
137of Mount Saint Helens.
138
13932
14000:01:53,626 --> 00:01:56,297
141It was in that year,
142on May 18th
143
14433
14500:01:56,336 --> 00:01:58,915
146that molten rock created a steam blast
147
14834
14900:01:58,940 --> 00:02:02,227
150with the force of 20 million tons of TNT.
151
15235
15300:02:02,282 --> 00:02:05,868
154Avalanche debris and
155other flows of the eruption
156
15736
15800:02:05,922 --> 00:02:08,791
159lay down all of those layers rapidly
160
16137
16200:02:08,869 --> 00:02:11,221
163up to 600 feet thick.
164
16538
16600:02:11,457 --> 00:02:12,863
167A couple of years later,
168
16939
17000:02:12,903 --> 00:02:15,161
171uh, there were some more
172volcanic activity
173
17440
17500:02:15,199 --> 00:02:17,051
176that created a mudflow
177
17841
17900:02:17,137 --> 00:02:19,551
180that cut out this entire canyon.
181
18242
18300:02:19,754 --> 00:02:23,223
184It also cut through deep bedrock,
185
18643
18700:02:23,325 --> 00:02:25,426
188all in a couple of days.
189
19044
19100:02:25,809 --> 00:02:27,129
192Isn't it amazing,
193
19445
19500:02:27,192 --> 00:02:30,637
196what a little bit of information
197from the past can do
198
19946
20000:02:30,754 --> 00:02:32,480
201to help change your view
202
20347
20400:02:32,534 --> 00:02:35,644
205of the present and
206the present world around you?
207
20848
20900:02:36,387 --> 00:02:40,504
210There're a lot of assumptions
211made by a lot of people,
212
21349
21400:02:40,848 --> 00:02:44,215
215about the history
216of the Earth around us.
217
21850
21900:02:44,652 --> 00:02:46,785
220The question is,
221how do those assumptions
222
22351
22400:02:46,816 --> 00:02:50,230
225affect how
226we view the history?
227
22852
22900:02:50,512 --> 00:02:52,324
230But more importantly,
231
23253
23300:02:52,481 --> 00:02:55,527
234how do they play in
235how we view science
236
23754
23800:02:55,637 --> 00:02:57,105
239and the Bible?
240
24155
24200:02:57,807 --> 00:03:01,691
243Did God create the world in a few days
244
24556
24600:03:01,957 --> 00:03:04,465
247or billions of years?
248
24957
25000:03:04,661 --> 00:03:07,457
251Is humanity descended from apes?
252
25358
25400:03:07,652 --> 00:03:11,543
255Or did God created us instantly,
256in his image?
257
25859
25900:03:11,885 --> 00:03:15,816
260Was there a global flood that
261destroyed the Earth?
262
26360
26400:03:16,098 --> 00:03:18,059
265Or is that a myth?
266
26761
26800:03:18,400 --> 00:03:19,887
269In other words,
270
27162
27200:03:20,052 --> 00:03:22,676
273is Genesis history?
274
27563
27600:03:59,633 --> 00:04:01,501
277When we think about
278the history of the Earth,
279
28064
28100:04:01,532 --> 00:04:03,829
282there are a lot things
283we need to consider.
284
28565
28600:04:03,871 --> 00:04:07,422
287But one of the most fascinating
288is the account of the Flood.
289
29066
29100:04:07,515 --> 00:04:10,297
292Was the whole Earth
293covered with water?
294
29567
29600:04:10,424 --> 00:04:13,758
297Genesis says the waters prevailed
298so mildly on the Earth
299
30068
30100:04:13,790 --> 00:04:17,234
302that all the high mountains
303in the whole heaven were covered.
304
30569
30600:04:17,315 --> 00:04:19,377
307So if the Flood was truly global,
308
30970
31000:04:19,455 --> 00:04:21,917
311wouldn't there be a lot of evidence?
312
31371
31400:04:22,682 --> 00:04:25,337
315I had heard of a scientist
316who has spent over 40 years
317
31872
31900:04:25,362 --> 00:04:26,979
320studying this question.
321
32273
32300:04:27,091 --> 00:04:29,479
324When I spoke with him,
325he said he had a great place
326
32774
32800:04:29,511 --> 00:04:32,315
329where we could see evidence
330for the global Flood.
331
33275
33300:04:35,245 --> 00:04:37,921
334Steve, I got to admit,
335I, I've been here several times
336
33776
33800:04:37,948 --> 00:04:40,511
339but every time I come here,
340it is breathtaking.
341
34277
34300:04:40,565 --> 00:04:42,175
344Uh, besides being at home,
345
34678
34700:04:42,206 --> 00:04:43,995
348- our Grand Canyon is my favorite
349- Yeah.
350
35179
35200:04:44,034 --> 00:04:45,284
353- place on Earth.
354- Yeah.
355
35680
35700:04:45,542 --> 00:04:48,292
358So, Steve, tell me,
359what, what do you see here?
360
36181
36200:04:48,323 --> 00:04:49,731
363When we look at
364the Grand Canyon,
365
36682
36700:04:49,770 --> 00:04:53,997
368we see the inside story
369to the ground beneath our feet.
370
37183
37200:04:54,083 --> 00:04:56,731
373And we kind of have
374a layered cake here, don't we?
375
37684
37700:04:56,786 --> 00:04:58,083
378Of Strata
379
38085
38100:04:58,131 --> 00:05:01,350
382that have been eroded
383for our benefit
384
38586
38600:05:01,374 --> 00:05:04,327
387to see the inside structure
388of the Earth.
389
39087
39100:05:04,428 --> 00:05:07,733
392These same layers are also in Colorado.
393
39488
39500:05:07,817 --> 00:05:10,561
396Well, also in Illinois,
397also in Pennsylvania.
398
39989
40000:05:10,586 --> 00:05:13,389
401So when you say, sedimentary strata,
402
40390
40400:05:13,436 --> 00:05:15,244
405you're talking about
406the layers that we see?
407
40891
40900:05:15,276 --> 00:05:18,476
410Yes. So the lowest layers
411are formed first.
412
41392
41400:05:18,538 --> 00:05:21,853
415Little sediment grains
416that were mixed,
417
41893
41900:05:21,884 --> 00:05:25,790
420separated, and flowed in here
421from different directions
422
42394
42400:05:25,853 --> 00:05:28,735
425and accumulated one ontop of another.
426
42795
42800:05:28,829 --> 00:05:30,095
429And then, of course,
430
43196
43200:05:30,142 --> 00:05:32,923
433naturally, they convert to rock.
434
43597
43600:05:32,985 --> 00:05:35,853
437So you're saying that the solid ground
438we're standing on right now
439
44098
44100:05:35,907 --> 00:05:37,837
442if we went back in its history,
443
44499
44500:05:37,884 --> 00:05:39,493
446- it'd be liquid?
447- Yes.
448
449100
45000:05:39,540 --> 00:05:42,493
451So the ocean is doing
452some amazing things
453
454101
45500:05:42,518 --> 00:05:45,426
456and water of, of incredible power
457
458102
45900:05:45,481 --> 00:05:48,564
460is depositing the layers
461we see in the canyon.
462
463103
46400:05:48,614 --> 00:05:50,786
465And are there fossils
466in all those layers?
467
468104
46900:05:50,817 --> 00:05:53,546
470There are marine fossils
471through all the layers.
472
473105
47400:05:53,639 --> 00:05:55,577
475Uh, but the standard explanation is,
476
477106
47800:05:55,609 --> 00:05:59,006
479there were 17 different
480advances and retreats
481
482107
48300:05:59,069 --> 00:06:02,514
484of the ocean over
485the north American continent,
486
487108
48800:06:02,561 --> 00:06:05,725
489and it was extended over
490hundreds of millions of years.
491
492109
49300:06:05,772 --> 00:06:08,155
494And what is the evidence
495that you see here
496
497110
49800:06:08,186 --> 00:06:10,467
499that would say that
500doesn't seem to make sense?
501
502111
50300:06:10,522 --> 00:06:14,751
504The 4,000 feet of flat line
505strata in the canyon are flat.
506
507112
50800:06:14,790 --> 00:06:16,085
509And relative to one another,
510
511113
51200:06:16,110 --> 00:06:17,938
513we look in between
514the strata layers
515
516114
51700:06:17,977 --> 00:06:20,579
518and we don't see the passage of time
519
520115
52100:06:20,642 --> 00:06:21,910
522 in between layers.
523
524116
52500:06:21,941 --> 00:06:22,949
526You mean erosion?
527
528117
52900:06:22,980 --> 00:06:25,329
530Erosion, specially,
531and channeling
532
533118
53400:06:25,355 --> 00:06:29,096
535uh, on any great scale is not visible.
536
537119
53800:06:29,131 --> 00:06:30,886
539And then we look at
540the strata themselves,
541
542120
54300:06:30,902 --> 00:06:33,386
544they provide evidence of rapid,
545
546121
54700:06:33,457 --> 00:06:35,410
548very rapid sedimentation.
549
550122
55100:06:35,464 --> 00:06:39,642
552Just minutes or hours is all
553it's needed to make layers.
554
555123
55600:06:39,707 --> 00:06:41,621
557Well, tell me about
558the story of these layers.
559
560124
56100:06:41,646 --> 00:06:42,980
562I mean, how did they get here?
563
564125
56500:06:43,011 --> 00:06:44,871
566"In the six hundredth year of Noah's life,
567
568126
56900:06:44,902 --> 00:06:47,371
570from the second month of
571the seventeenth day of the month,
572
573127
57400:06:47,402 --> 00:06:50,920
575the same day were all the fountains
576of the great deep broken up,
577
578128
57900:06:50,974 --> 00:06:52,958
580and the windows of heaven were opened."
581
582129
58300:06:52,997 --> 00:06:56,796
584My understanding is
585the ocean floor upheaval occurred,
586
587130
58800:06:56,858 --> 00:06:58,968
589- some type of magma or...
590- Uh-huh.
591
592131
59300:06:59,030 --> 00:07:01,866
594earthquake propelled
595the oceans over the continent.
596
597132
59800:07:01,897 --> 00:07:03,272
599So that's why we get
600
601133
60200:07:03,304 --> 00:07:06,638
603uh, these marine fossils
604in these layers?
605
606134
60700:07:06,663 --> 00:07:08,101
608Yes. And we have six months
609
610135
61100:07:08,132 --> 00:07:10,171
612the waters prevailed upon the earth.
613
614136
61500:07:10,218 --> 00:07:13,676
616Another seven months or so
617for the water to subside.
618
619137
62000:07:13,701 --> 00:07:17,447
621The 4,000 feet of strata
622probably represent the early
623
624138
62500:07:17,486 --> 00:07:19,557
626and middle part of the global Flood
627
628139
62900:07:19,592 --> 00:07:21,156
630right here in the Grand Canyon.
631
632140
63300:07:21,181 --> 00:07:22,496
634We have other strata
635
636141
63700:07:22,543 --> 00:07:24,746
638locally in this Grand Canyon region.
639
640142
64100:07:24,777 --> 00:07:27,050
642That's called "The Grand Staircase".
643
644143
64500:07:27,089 --> 00:07:31,097
646We have about 10,000 feet,
647two miles thick of strata
648
649144
65000:07:31,136 --> 00:07:33,511
651- on top of the Grand Canyon.
652- Higher than where we are.
653
654145
65500:07:33,550 --> 00:07:35,308
656Higher than where we are,
657
658146
65900:07:35,363 --> 00:07:36,816
660now represents uh,
661
662147
66300:07:36,863 --> 00:07:40,834
664the later stages of the Flood
665and the retreat of the flood water.
666
667148
66800:07:40,869 --> 00:07:44,215
669This surface was beveled by
670the retreat of flood waters.
671
672149
67300:07:44,269 --> 00:07:48,059
674And as the flood retreated into
675the newly formed ocean basins,
676
677150
67800:07:48,113 --> 00:07:51,051
679then the continents probably uplifted
680
681151
68200:07:51,082 --> 00:07:54,021
683and the Ark,
684of course, was landed
685
686152
68700:07:54,092 --> 00:07:56,732
688in high country
689in the Middle East.
690
691153
69200:07:56,802 --> 00:07:58,982
693Well, there are some people
694who say that, that...
695
696154
69700:07:59,037 --> 00:08:01,380
698record is about a local flood.
699
700155
70100:08:01,482 --> 00:08:03,187
702I believe it's a global flood.
703
704156
70500:08:03,212 --> 00:08:05,781
706And "all the high hills
707or the whole heaven were covered",
708
709157
71000:08:05,813 --> 00:08:07,359
711the universal statement,
712
713158
71400:08:07,406 --> 00:08:10,328
715but mountains have risen since then.
716
717159
71800:08:10,406 --> 00:08:12,928
719And we shouldn't measure
720the depth of the floodwaters
721
722160
72300:08:12,953 --> 00:08:14,961
724by the present mountains of the Earth,
725
726161
72700:08:15,000 --> 00:08:19,244
728which largely created during
729the Flood and after the Flood.
730
731162
73200:08:19,315 --> 00:08:23,268
733Well, the fact that we have
734all of these layers, um...
735
736163
73700:08:23,330 --> 00:08:26,930
738would be unknown to us
739if we were standing on them
740
741164
74200:08:26,955 --> 00:08:28,158
743you know,
744somewhere else,
745
746165
74700:08:28,221 --> 00:08:31,045
748but they're known to us
749because they've been cut out.
750
751166
75200:08:31,080 --> 00:08:32,455
753How did that happen?
754
755167
75600:08:32,494 --> 00:08:35,861
757Well, it was the story that
758we all learned in grammar school.
759
760168
76100:08:35,893 --> 00:08:37,635
762OK, Colorado River,
763
764169
76500:08:37,674 --> 00:08:41,254
766over tens of millions of years,
767cut the Grand Canyon.
768
769170
77000:08:41,301 --> 00:08:44,976
771Most geologists have jettisoned that idea.
772
773171
77400:08:45,053 --> 00:08:47,767
775It's hard to sustain a canyon like this
776
777172
77800:08:47,802 --> 00:08:50,248
779for uh tens of millions of years.
780
781173
78200:08:50,287 --> 00:08:54,312
783Uh, uh, you can't imagine a canyon
784enduring that long with erosion
785
786174
78700:08:54,337 --> 00:08:57,602
788Is that because it would, eventually,
789the sides would have collapsed and...
790
791175
79200:08:57,656 --> 00:08:58,890
793- Yes.
794- broken down?
795
796176
79700:08:58,968 --> 00:09:02,049
798Then how in the world that
799we get this all carved out?
800
801177
80200:09:02,080 --> 00:09:04,080
803Well, uh,
804there are a lot of theories,
805
806178
80700:09:04,119 --> 00:09:06,534
808and personally,
809I like the idea...
810
811179
81200:09:06,596 --> 00:09:08,642
813of ​​catastrophic erosion
814
815180
81600:09:08,682 --> 00:09:11,324
817by drainage of lakes.
818
819181
82000:09:11,394 --> 00:09:15,653
821So after the flood,
822we have these large bodies of water,
823
824182
82500:09:15,692 --> 00:09:17,723
826these lakes that are trapped.
827
828183
82900:09:17,793 --> 00:09:20,599
830There is evidence of the big lake
831in the Painted Desert,
832
833184
83400:09:20,624 --> 00:09:22,468
835- a place called "Hopi Buttes",
836- Hhh.
837
838185
83900:09:22,499 --> 00:09:26,944
840about 500 cubic miles
841of water in this huge lake...
842
843186
84400:09:27,029 --> 00:09:30,787
845And so the dam breaks and
846all of that massive amount of water
847
848187
84900:09:30,818 --> 00:09:34,709
850then is now pouring out
851and carving this.
852
853188
85400:09:34,742 --> 00:09:38,179
855Yes. And how long would it take
856to erode Grand Canyon?
857
858189
85900:09:38,234 --> 00:09:39,666
860Maybe weeks.
861
862190
86300:09:39,737 --> 00:09:41,893
864But not, uh, millions of years.
865
866191
86700:09:41,932 --> 00:09:44,783
868- Time is not a magic wand...
869- Uh-huh.
870
871192
87200:09:44,814 --> 00:09:48,338
873that solves all the geological
874problems of the world.
875
876193
87700:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,527
878Jettison that way of thinking
879
880194
88100:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,465
882about millions of years
883and then start thinking...
884
885195
88600:09:53,543 --> 00:09:57,090
887about catastrophic processes
888like you see in Mount St. Helens...
889
890196
89100:09:57,154 --> 00:10:01,100
892and that will help you
893understand Grand Canyon.
894
895197
89600:10:01,709 --> 00:10:02,959
897Everywhere we looked,
898
899198
90000:10:03,006 --> 00:10:07,259
901Steve showed me evidence of
902the incredible power of moving water.
903
904199
90500:10:07,361 --> 00:10:09,939
906They quickly laid down
907these enormous layers,
908
909200
91000:10:09,964 --> 00:10:12,040
911then quickly eroded them away.
912
913201
91400:10:12,150 --> 00:10:14,376
915Steve wanted to show me
916where the floodwaters
917
918202
91900:10:14,407 --> 00:10:15,759
920first hit the continent.
921
922203
92300:10:15,807 --> 00:10:18,587
924So he took me deeper
925into the canyon.
926
927204
92800:10:20,098 --> 00:10:22,145
929Steve, when you said
930you're gonna bring me to the bottom,
931
932205
93300:10:22,176 --> 00:10:24,392
934you, you weren't kidding
935when you word
936
937206
93800:10:24,454 --> 00:10:25,825
939the word "the bottom", are we?
940
941207
94200:10:25,872 --> 00:10:30,030
943We are in this uh, big side canyon
944to the main Grand Canyon...
945
946208
94700:10:30,108 --> 00:10:32,772
948and we are looking at
949the granite basement rock,
950
951209
95200:10:32,835 --> 00:10:36,129
953which is the, the core
954of the continent, if you will...
955
956210
95700:10:36,164 --> 00:10:39,768
958and then we see the flat
959lining strata on top of it.
960
961211
96200:10:39,830 --> 00:10:43,008
963The boundary between
964the granite rock below
965
966212
96700:10:43,033 --> 00:10:45,644
968and the Tapeats sandstone above
969
970213
97100:10:45,679 --> 00:10:49,607
972is this surface we call
973the Great Unconformity.
974
975214
97600:10:49,748 --> 00:10:53,567
977Why, why does it appear
978to be such a, a stark line?
979
980215
98100:10:53,592 --> 00:10:54,598
982I mean, it's clear.
983
984216
98500:10:54,623 --> 00:10:58,891
986I think it's an erosional
987boundary of colossal scale.
988
989217
99000:10:58,953 --> 00:11:01,752
991We're looking at something
992that uh, shows the,...
993
994218
99500:11:01,822 --> 00:11:04,219
996the magnitude of flood flow...
997
998219
99900:11:04,297 --> 00:11:05,541
1000over a surface.
1001
1002220
100300:11:05,580 --> 00:11:06,978
1004And this is just here?
1005
1006221
100700:11:07,057 --> 00:11:09,307
1008The Great Unconformity
1009is continent wide.
1010
1011222
101200:11:09,377 --> 00:11:11,760
1013I've seen it, I believe,
1014in the Middle East.
1015
1016223
101700:11:11,799 --> 00:11:13,393
1018It's over in Europe.
1019
1020224
102100:11:13,478 --> 00:11:14,705
1022Uh, it's in Africa.
1023
1024225
102500:11:14,744 --> 00:11:17,471
1026And here it is uh, under
1027the North American continent.
1028
1029226
103000:11:17,502 --> 00:11:21,471
1031So, we got this uh, layer,
1032how thick is this layer?
1033
1034227
103500:11:21,503 --> 00:11:22,924
1036What goes up from here?
1037
1038228
103900:11:22,971 --> 00:11:25,473
1040Well, we have the Sauk
1041Megasequence here,
1042
1043229
104400:11:25,498 --> 00:11:27,184
1045if you will,
1046a thousand feet of...
1047
1048230
104900:11:27,239 --> 00:11:31,028
1050sandstone, shale, limestone
1051that go continent wide.
1052
1053231
105400:11:31,121 --> 00:11:33,754
1055- There are four other big sequence
1056- Hmm.
1057
1058232
105900:11:33,779 --> 00:11:36,256
1060packages of strata
1061that sit above it.
1062
1063233
106400:11:36,311 --> 00:11:39,779
1065Those are also
1066very continuous like this.
1067
1068234
106900:11:39,889 --> 00:11:43,889
1070What we're seeing here
1071is rather representative
1072
1073235
107400:11:43,928 --> 00:11:45,428
1075of the rest of the world.
1076
1077236
107800:11:45,482 --> 00:11:48,890
1079It makes one uh,
1080really question the notion
1081
1082237
108300:11:48,915 --> 00:11:51,461
1084that this all happened
1085because of a small local flood.
1086
1087238
108800:11:51,486 --> 00:11:53,297
1089We're talking about
1090something enormous.
1091
1092239
109300:11:53,322 --> 00:11:57,148
1094The power of moving water
1095was beveling and pulverizing rock,
1096
1097240
109800:11:57,234 --> 00:12:00,699
1099depositing great thicknesses of layers...
1100
1101241
110200:12:00,754 --> 00:12:04,822
1103and calling our mind
1104to think about the global flood.
1105
1106242
110700:12:05,081 --> 00:12:08,384
1108The conventional story is
1109entirely different, though.
1110
1111243
111200:12:08,455 --> 00:12:11,504
1113It would say that
1114there is a lot of time...
1115
1116244
111700:12:11,551 --> 00:12:13,434
1118between each of these layers.
1119
1120245
112100:12:13,496 --> 00:12:16,115
1122Some people have said that
1123the Great Unconformity
1124
1125246
112600:12:16,154 --> 00:12:19,061
1127boundary here represents
1128half of billion years.
1129
1130247
113100:12:19,100 --> 00:12:21,006
1132You mean, between the granite
1133we see and that
1134
1135248
113600:12:21,037 --> 00:12:22,608
1137first layer of sedimentary rock?
1138
1139249
114000:12:22,635 --> 00:12:25,662
1141Yeah. They say that maybe
1142half of billion years there.
1143
1144250
114500:12:25,733 --> 00:12:30,340
1146Ok, and that's what their
1147explanation of Earth history
1148
1149251
115000:12:30,410 --> 00:12:33,045
1151would ask them to consider.
1152
1153252
115400:12:33,131 --> 00:12:35,201
1155Yet, when you come here
1156and look at this...
1157
1158253
115900:12:35,256 --> 00:12:37,024
1160nearly a featureless plane.
1161
1162254
116300:12:37,055 --> 00:12:39,348
1164It's not an exactly a plane,
1165
1166255
116700:12:39,391 --> 00:12:41,125
1168but it's a gently...
1169
1170256
117100:12:41,180 --> 00:12:42,915
1172- rolling surface.
1173- Uh-huh.
1174
1175257
117600:12:42,963 --> 00:12:46,180
1177And would that be the product
1178of billions of years...
1179
1180258
118100:12:46,227 --> 00:12:49,598
1182or would that be the product
1183of the power of water...
1184
1185259
118600:12:49,660 --> 00:12:51,457
1187- planing off a surface?
1188- Hhh.
1189
1190260
119100:12:51,567 --> 00:12:54,434
1192Time is foreign to...
1193
1194261
119500:12:54,481 --> 00:12:56,606
1196- a good explanation here.
1197- Uh-huh.
1198
1199262
120000:12:56,637 --> 00:12:59,270
1201And so we want
1202to explain what we see.
1203
1204263
120500:12:59,452 --> 00:13:02,295
1206Everywhere we look,
1207we see the power of water.
1208
1209264
121000:13:02,334 --> 00:13:04,717
1211And it's water on
1212a colossal scale.
1213
1214265
121500:13:04,742 --> 00:13:07,288
1216And that's the story here
1217at Grand Canyon.
1218
1219266
122000:13:07,355 --> 00:13:10,366
1221It's not a little of water
1222and a lot of time.
1223
1224267
122500:13:10,489 --> 00:13:14,045
1226It's a lot of water in a little time.
1227
1228268
122900:13:15,412 --> 00:13:17,506
1230Time really is the essential issue
1231
1232269
123300:13:17,562 --> 00:13:19,858
1234when talking about
1235the history of the Earth.
1236
1237270
123800:13:20,000 --> 00:13:23,702
1239How much time did it take
1240to form what we see around us?
1241
1242271
124300:13:23,834 --> 00:13:26,327
1244It seemed clear to me that
1245the global Flood would have
1246
1247272
124800:13:26,352 --> 00:13:28,592
1249transformed the Earth quickly.
1250
1251273
125200:13:28,694 --> 00:13:30,108
1253Yet I know,
1254many people think
1255
1256274
125700:13:30,139 --> 00:13:33,702
1258that the world formed slowly
1259over billions of years.
1260
1261275
126200:13:33,850 --> 00:13:38,077
1263What was the real difference
1264between these two views of time?
1265
1266276
126700:13:38,491 --> 00:13:41,122
1268I needed to talk to someone
1269who could tell me more about
1270
1271277
127200:13:41,147 --> 00:13:43,584
1273science and history and time.
1274
1275278
127600:13:43,684 --> 00:13:46,178
1277Since my background is
1278in computer science,
1279
1280279
128100:13:46,231 --> 00:13:48,100
1282we met in a place
1283we had personally
1284
1285280
128600:13:48,131 --> 00:13:50,584
1287experienced some of that history.
1288
1289281
129000:13:56,984 --> 00:13:58,289
1291As we looked at the exhibit,
1292
1293282
129400:13:58,321 --> 00:14:00,031
1295I was reminded how much smaller
1296
1297283
129800:14:00,063 --> 00:14:01,922
1299and more powerful
1300computers have become
1301
1302284
130300:14:01,947 --> 00:14:04,045
1304since I first started using them.
1305
1306285
130700:14:04,163 --> 00:14:07,344
1308Paul said that changing
1309assumptions about computers
1310
1311286
131200:14:07,387 --> 00:14:10,086
1313were really a series
1314of paradigm shifts.
1315
1316287
131700:14:10,274 --> 00:14:13,196
1318So when I was 19,
1319I read Thomas Kuhn's classic.
1320
1321288
132200:14:13,235 --> 00:14:15,313
1323"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions",
1324
1325289
132600:14:15,338 --> 00:14:18,711
1327where he described
1328this notion of paradigms.
1329
1330290
133100:14:18,826 --> 00:14:23,188
1332A paradigm is a framework,
1333within which you interpret evidence.
1334
1335291
133600:14:23,253 --> 00:14:26,008
1337So really, science isn't
1338just about the evidence,
1339
1340292
134100:14:26,033 --> 00:14:28,525
1342it's about how
1343you interpret that evidence.
1344
1345293
134600:14:28,560 --> 00:14:29,961
1347So, this room for example,
1348
1349294
135000:14:29,986 --> 00:14:32,484
1351we got so-called "minicomputers" here.
1352
1353295
135400:14:32,523 --> 00:14:34,258
1355But really, they're not mini at all,
1356
1357296
135800:14:34,283 --> 00:14:36,234
1359in terms of our current paradigm.
1360
1361297
136200:14:36,297 --> 00:14:38,320
1363- Yeah, today, right?
1364- Yeah.
1365
1366298
136700:14:38,375 --> 00:14:39,797
1368- This.
1369- Yeah.
1370
1371299
137200:14:39,836 --> 00:14:40,875
1373Right?
1374
1375300
137600:14:40,945 --> 00:14:44,258
1377So really, to understand
1378this question of origins
1379
1380301
138100:14:44,283 --> 00:14:46,002
1382you really need to begin
1383
1384302
138500:14:46,033 --> 00:14:48,289
1386by looking at
1387the governing paradigms,
1388
1389303
139000:14:48,314 --> 00:14:51,429
1391the two major views
1392that we currently have...
1393
1394304
139500:14:51,502 --> 00:14:54,705
1396about the history of life
1397and history of the Universe.
1398
1399305
140000:14:54,783 --> 00:14:55,822
1401And what are those?
1402
1403306
140400:14:55,848 --> 00:14:57,119
1405On the one hand,
1406we have
1407
1408307
140900:14:57,144 --> 00:14:58,988
1410- the conventional paradigm.
1411- Uh-huh.
1412
1413308
141400:14:59,070 --> 00:15:02,877
1415In the conventional paradigm,
1416you got deep time.
1417
1418309
141900:15:02,928 --> 00:15:05,275
142013.7 billion years
1421
1422310
142300:15:05,330 --> 00:15:08,127
1424along which, this gradual process
1425
1426311
142700:15:08,162 --> 00:15:10,088
1428beginning with primal simplicity,
1429
1430312
143100:15:10,119 --> 00:15:12,290
1432ending in what we see today.
1433
1434313
143500:15:12,473 --> 00:15:15,324
1436All the complexity in life
1437has to be built bottom up
1438
1439314
144000:15:15,348 --> 00:15:17,106
1441by strictly physical processes,
1442
1443315
144400:15:17,160 --> 00:15:18,598
1445where no mind,
1446
1447316
144800:15:18,652 --> 00:15:19,724
1449no creator,
1450
1451317
145200:15:19,787 --> 00:15:22,272
1453no design is present.
1454
1455318
145600:15:22,480 --> 00:15:24,816
1457The second view,
1458we can call, let's say,
1459
1460319
146100:15:24,841 --> 00:15:27,223
1462the historical Genesis paradigm.
1463
1464320
146500:15:27,285 --> 00:15:31,357
1466Everything starts with
1467a divine mind, a creator,
1468
1469321
147000:15:31,382 --> 00:15:35,912
1471an intelligence that
1472plans and superintends
1473
1474322
147500:15:35,943 --> 00:15:38,717
1476and brings in to existence reality.
1477
1478323
147900:15:38,795 --> 00:15:42,295
1480Events are happening at
1481a much more recent time scale.
1482
1483324
148400:15:42,499 --> 00:15:44,742
1485The universe,
1486the solar system,
1487
1488325
148900:15:44,781 --> 00:15:46,586
1490our planet,
1491life itself,
1492
1493326
149400:15:46,626 --> 00:15:50,756
1495all of that begins fully formed
1496as a functioning system.
1497
1498327
149900:15:50,842 --> 00:15:52,190
1500It's not hard to see
1501
1502328
150300:15:52,215 --> 00:15:54,800
1504there is a radical difference
1505between those two
1506
1507329
150800:15:54,857 --> 00:15:57,053
1509in terms of time.
1510
1511330
151200:15:57,123 --> 00:15:59,637
1513When we look at the history
1514of life on this planet,
1515
1516331
151700:15:59,662 --> 00:16:01,326
1518we got a body of data.
1519
1520332
152100:16:01,373 --> 00:16:03,943
1522But depending on the paradigm
1523that one adopts,
1524
1525333
152600:16:03,967 --> 00:16:07,193
1527that data will be interpreted
1528in very different ways.
1529
1530334
153100:16:07,322 --> 00:16:09,857
1532It seems that one paradigm is
1533
1534335
153500:16:09,882 --> 00:16:11,975
1536drawing on a history that was
1537
1538336
153900:16:12,000 --> 00:16:13,803
1540- given to us?
1541- Yes.
1542
1543337
154400:16:13,959 --> 00:16:17,818
1545And another paradigm is
1546constructing that history.
1547
1548338
154900:16:17,843 --> 00:16:18,928
1550Is that how you see that?
1551
1552339
155300:16:18,953 --> 00:16:21,045
1554We have a witness to those events.
1555
1556340
155700:16:21,108 --> 00:16:23,615
1558And that witness is telling us...
1559
1560341
156100:16:23,662 --> 00:16:24,896
1562this is what happened
1563
1564342
156500:16:24,921 --> 00:16:27,115
1566and we have to take that
1567into consideration
1568
1569343
157000:16:27,148 --> 00:16:29,064
1571when we evaluate the data.
1572
1573344
157400:16:29,209 --> 00:16:32,084
1575Well, Paul, the,
1576the reason has become s...
1577
1578345
157900:16:32,155 --> 00:16:33,463
1580serious.
1581
1582346
158300:16:33,502 --> 00:16:37,445
1584As we're not talking
1585about a history of just...
1586
1587347
158800:16:37,492 --> 00:16:39,593
1589boiling water at
1590a certain temperature.
1591
1592348
159300:16:39,618 --> 00:16:41,992
1594- Right.
1595- We're talking about a history...
1596
1597349
159800:16:42,130 --> 00:16:45,136
1599that deals with the origin
1600of the universe;
1601
1602350
160300:16:45,207 --> 00:16:47,753
1604it deals with the origin of life,
1605
1606351
160700:16:47,800 --> 00:16:49,831
1608the origin of humanity,
1609
1610352
161100:16:49,902 --> 00:16:53,134
1612the origin of sin and
1613why there is evil in the world,
1614
1615353
161600:16:53,173 --> 00:16:55,869
1617the origin of geological formations
1618
1619354
162000:16:55,894 --> 00:16:57,479
1621- that we have around us,
1622- Yeah.
1623
1624355
162500:16:57,556 --> 00:16:58,884
1626the origin of language.
1627
1628356
162900:16:58,923 --> 00:17:02,376
1630I mean, this is a history
1631that is not minor.
1632
1633357
163400:17:02,447 --> 00:17:03,625
1635- Yeah.
1636- This is dealing with
1637
1638358
163900:17:03,650 --> 00:17:06,073
1640major, major elements of humanity
1641
1642359
164300:17:06,104 --> 00:17:07,441
1644- and where we are today.
1645- Yeah.
1646
1647360
164800:17:07,472 --> 00:17:10,620
1649You're talking about the origins
1650of literally everything.
1651
1652361
165300:17:10,698 --> 00:17:12,779
1654And I think,
1655if we zoom out from that
1656
1657362
165800:17:12,818 --> 00:17:15,060
1659and say, well,
1660"what really is the difference
1661
1662363
166300:17:15,099 --> 00:17:16,732
1664between these two paradigms?"
1665
1666364
166700:17:16,763 --> 00:17:18,060
1668It isn't a question of...
1669
1670365
167100:17:18,105 --> 00:17:21,359
1672science on the one hand
1673versus religion on the other.
1674
1675366
167600:17:21,453 --> 00:17:23,632
1677Because both of them are scientific
1678
1679367
168000:17:23,663 --> 00:17:26,781
1681in the sense of looking at
1682the common body of data.
1683
1684368
168500:17:26,890 --> 00:17:28,709
1686Really, at the deepest level,
1687
1688369
168900:17:28,741 --> 00:17:32,280
1690the difference is two
1691competing views of history.
1692
1693370
169400:17:32,397 --> 00:17:36,069
1695What is the true history
1696of our cosmos?
1697
1698371
169900:17:36,678 --> 00:17:38,842
1700That does seem
1701to be the real question.
1702
1703372
170400:17:38,904 --> 00:17:40,592
1705What is our true history?
1706
1707373
170800:17:40,640 --> 00:17:42,561
1709What actually happened?
1710
1711374
171200:17:42,706 --> 00:17:45,709
1713The conflict is not between
1714two views of science,
1715
1716375
171700:17:45,755 --> 00:17:48,584
1718but between two competing views of history.
1719
1720376
172100:17:48,784 --> 00:17:50,608
1722Since Genesis was written in Hebrew,
1723
1724377
172500:17:50,633 --> 00:17:53,069
1726I wanted to talk to Hebrew expert.
1727
1728378
172900:17:53,140 --> 00:17:56,280
1730What was actually
1731in the original text?
1732
1733379
173400:18:04,861 --> 00:18:08,221
1735The first word in Genesis is "Braichit".
1736
1737380
173800:18:08,246 --> 00:18:09,278
1739Braichit uh, uh.
1740
1741381
174200:18:09,312 --> 00:18:12,853
1743Genesis 1:1 is Braichit...
1744
1745382
174600:18:12,892 --> 00:18:16,150
1747So, this is the beginning
1748of the Toledot of uh, of Noah.
1749
1750383
175100:18:16,181 --> 00:18:18,722
1752Just think that word Toledot
1753is a very interesting word.
1754
1755384
175600:18:18,747 --> 00:18:20,613
1757Translated, sometimes, as "genealogy".
1758
1759385
176000:18:20,637 --> 00:18:22,630
1761Sometimes, it's translated "history".
1762
1763386
176400:18:22,761 --> 00:18:24,410
1765And what follows then...
1766
1767387
176800:18:24,480 --> 00:18:26,488
1769- is the account of the Flood.
1770- Uh-huh.
1771
1772388
177300:18:26,566 --> 00:18:28,005
1774Steve, it seems that...
1775
1776389
177700:18:28,036 --> 00:18:31,381
1778there is a lot of
1779history in the Bible.
1780
1781390
178200:18:31,466 --> 00:18:32,890
1783Is that how you see it?
1784Is...
1785
1786391
178700:18:32,915 --> 00:18:33,960
1788Oh, absolutely.
1789
1790392
179100:18:34,007 --> 00:18:37,484
1792In, in fact, the first thing is,
1793it is an accurate historical account.
1794
1795393
179600:18:37,509 --> 00:18:38,531
1797Uh-huh.
1798
1799394
180000:18:38,570 --> 00:18:42,218
1801The presentation is such uh,
1802in, in the perspective of writers...
1803
1804395
180500:18:42,243 --> 00:18:45,651
1806that they believe they were
1807talking about real events.
1808
1809396
181000:18:45,683 --> 00:18:48,058
1811- Okay. In...
1812- It's very, it's very obvious that...
1813
1814397
181500:18:48,112 --> 00:18:49,792
1816because of the way in which...
1817
1818398
181900:18:49,847 --> 00:18:53,214
1820uh, they insisted
1821the next generation learn...
1822
1823399
182400:18:53,245 --> 00:18:54,972
1825- you know, learn their history.
1826- Uh-huh.
1827
1828400
182900:18:55,035 --> 00:18:58,292
1830When you look at these
1831early chapters in Genesis,
1832
1833401
183400:18:58,347 --> 00:18:59,448
1835what do you see?
1836
1837402
183800:18:59,479 --> 00:19:01,081
1839Can you take us through this?
1840
1841403
184200:19:01,112 --> 00:19:02,136
1843It starts with:
1844
1845404
184600:19:02,161 --> 00:19:04,259
1847In the beginning God created
1848the heaven and the earth.
1849
1850405
185100:19:04,284 --> 00:19:06,796
1852There's, there's no word
1853in the Hebrew for Universe.
1854
1855406
185600:19:06,821 --> 00:19:08,268
1857This means,
1858He created everything.
1859
1860407
186100:19:08,300 --> 00:19:09,315
1862- Uh-huh.
1863- And then...
1864
1865408
186600:19:09,340 --> 00:19:11,690
1867the next thing we find
1868in Genesis 1:2...
1869
1870409
187100:19:11,745 --> 00:19:13,730
1872uh, we, we find a waterball...
1873
1874410
187500:19:13,776 --> 00:19:16,034
1876- that is in space.
1877- Uh-huh.
1878
1879411
188000:19:16,065 --> 00:19:19,573
1881God, in the subsequent days,
1882is going to fill that universe.
1883
1884412
188500:19:19,604 --> 00:19:21,745
1886You're talking about days here.
1887
1888413
188900:19:21,820 --> 00:19:23,698
1890Do you see these as literal days?
1891
1892414
189300:19:23,723 --> 00:19:25,558
1894Is that what the text is telling us?
1895
1896415
189700:19:25,583 --> 00:19:27,667
1898Or, you know what
1899other people think,
1900
1901416
190200:19:27,692 --> 00:19:29,729
1903that this, this is just a poetic
1904
1905417
190600:19:29,761 --> 00:19:32,097
1907- uh, different point of view?
1908- Well, first of all, it's not poetry.
1909
1910418
191100:19:32,122 --> 00:19:36,290
1912The world greatest Hebraists
1913all affirm that this is the narrative.
1914
1915419
191600:19:36,326 --> 00:19:37,351
1917Uh-huh.
1918
1919420
192000:19:37,376 --> 00:19:40,967
1921Uh, and uh, they, they say that,
1922that one of the unique features...
1923
1924421
192500:19:41,046 --> 00:19:43,633
1926of, of the Genesis account...
1927
1928422
192900:19:43,688 --> 00:19:45,314
1930of creation...
1931
1932423
193300:19:45,345 --> 00:19:46,353
1934and the Flood,
1935
1936424
193700:19:46,384 --> 00:19:47,519
1938is that they are narratives.
1939
1940425
194100:19:47,544 --> 00:19:49,097
1942Because the ancient Near East,
1943
1944426
194500:19:49,126 --> 00:19:51,243
1946they are done in epic poetry.
1947
1948427
194900:19:51,268 --> 00:19:52,548
1950Which is very different.
1951
1952428
195300:19:52,595 --> 00:19:53,933
1954And here we have...
1955
1956429
195700:19:54,019 --> 00:19:57,254
1958a narrative to indicate
1959that this is historical.
1960
1961430
196200:19:57,415 --> 00:20:01,230
1963What that means is that the,
1964you should understand the words...
1965
1966431
196700:20:01,277 --> 00:20:04,347
1968the what, the normal way in which
1969these Hebrew words were understood.
1970
1971432
197200:20:04,372 --> 00:20:05,394
1973The word "yom",...
1974
1975433
197600:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,628
1977it means "day".
1978
1979434
198000:20:07,757 --> 00:20:09,745
1981Uh, the foundation of its usage...
1982
1983435
198400:20:09,785 --> 00:20:11,361
1985is what we mean by a day.
1986
1987436
198800:20:11,386 --> 00:20:12,878
1989It's a 24-hour day.
1990
1991437
199200:20:13,026 --> 00:20:15,798
1993The only way you'd want it to mean
1994a long, longer period of time...
1995
1996438
199700:20:15,833 --> 00:20:17,933
1998is if, as if you impose...
1999
2000439
200100:20:17,996 --> 00:20:20,870
2002an alien uh, concept...
2003
2004440
200500:20:20,928 --> 00:20:22,116
2006- to the text.
2007- Uh-huh.
2008
2009441
201000:20:22,154 --> 00:20:25,569
2011And say, well, I think that,
2012that these are ages.
2013
2014442
201500:20:25,639 --> 00:20:27,522
2016And therefore,
2017"yom" has to mean ages.
2018
2019443
202000:20:27,565 --> 00:20:29,471
2021What you have to do
2022is start with the text.
2023
2024444
202500:20:29,496 --> 00:20:30,151
2026Yeah.
2027
2028445
202900:20:30,182 --> 00:20:32,432
2030If we start with the text,
2031"yom" means day.
2032
2033446
203400:20:32,486 --> 00:20:34,176
2035So when we come to...
2036
2037447
203800:20:34,231 --> 00:20:37,950
2039uh, the passage that
2040talks about the creation of...
2041
2042448
204300:20:38,019 --> 00:20:40,308
2044- of Adam and Eve,
2045- Uh-huh, yeah.
2046
2047449
204800:20:40,332 --> 00:20:44,553
2049um, you're seeing that
2050as a clear historical event...
2051
2052450
205300:20:44,578 --> 00:20:46,475
2054which would stand
2055in direct opposition
2056
2057451
205800:20:46,500 --> 00:20:49,434
2059to the conventional paradigm
2060that, that man evolved off
2061
2062452
206300:20:49,459 --> 00:20:51,947
2064of a long, long process.
2065
2066453
206700:20:52,154 --> 00:20:53,830
2068The biblical text...
2069
2070454
207100:20:53,979 --> 00:20:56,033
2072is not compatible...
2073
2074455
207500:20:56,081 --> 00:20:57,385
2076- with the standard...
2077- Hmm.
2078
2079456
208000:20:57,424 --> 00:20:59,268
2081uh, the conventional paradigm.
2082
2083457
208400:20:59,487 --> 00:21:03,117
2085The Bible teaches us that
2086the Lord God formed man.
2087
2088458
208900:21:03,161 --> 00:21:05,611
2090Artistically breeding
2091in the breath of life,
2092
2093459
209400:21:05,642 --> 00:21:07,049
2095created man in His image.
2096
2097460
209800:21:07,108 --> 00:21:08,971
2099And then, of course,
2100woman is created.
2101
2102461
210300:21:09,007 --> 00:21:10,119
2104We have marriage.
2105
2106462
210700:21:10,154 --> 00:21:11,588
2108Uh, we have the fall.
2109
2110463
211100:21:11,730 --> 00:21:14,932
2112And then in Noah genealogy,
2113we have the entire Flood account.
2114
2115464
211600:21:15,021 --> 00:21:16,751
2117And the Flood,
2118is it a global flood?
2119
2120465
212100:21:16,775 --> 00:21:17,593
2122Well, I mean...
2123
2124466
212500:21:17,618 --> 00:21:20,001
2126I don't know how many times,
2127I think, 35 times or so,
2128
2129467
213000:21:20,056 --> 00:21:23,174
2131the word "kol", which is "all",
2132occurs in the Flood narrative.
2133
2134468
213500:21:23,275 --> 00:21:25,354
2136Uh, if this is a judgment on mankind,
2137
2138469
213900:21:25,408 --> 00:21:27,221
2140then it has to be global.
2141
2142470
214300:21:27,275 --> 00:21:28,949
2144We continue through these...
2145
2146471
214700:21:28,980 --> 00:21:31,809
2148first eleven chapters of Genesis,
2149we come to chapter ten,...
2150
2151472
215200:21:31,910 --> 00:21:34,295
2153which is called, which is called
2154the table of nations,
2155
2156473
215700:21:34,334 --> 00:21:35,779
2158which are the sons of Noah.
2159
2160474
216100:21:35,818 --> 00:21:37,670
2162Uh, it mentions in that chapter...
2163
2164475
216500:21:37,695 --> 00:21:41,216
2166that the people are in their
2167different nations and their languages.
2168
2169476
217000:21:41,246 --> 00:21:44,123
2171So Moses goes back
2172in Genesis 11:1 thru 9...
2173
2174477
217500:21:44,153 --> 00:21:46,943
2176and explains how
2177the languages ​​develop.
2178
2179478
218000:21:47,019 --> 00:21:50,285
2181And so we come to
2182the Toledot of Terah.
2183
2184479
218500:21:50,359 --> 00:21:53,927
2186Uh, and the Toledot of Terah
2187is not going to be about Terah.
2188
2189480
219000:21:53,954 --> 00:21:56,677
2191It's going to be about
2192his famous son,...
2193
2194481
219500:21:56,733 --> 00:21:58,052
2196- Abraham.
2197- Uh-huh.
2198
2199482
220000:21:58,130 --> 00:22:00,756
2201It just seems so apparent that...
2202
2203483
220400:22:00,803 --> 00:22:02,577
2205that there is,
2206there is no disconnect
2207
2208484
220900:22:02,602 --> 00:22:05,208
2210between all of that and everything
2211that we see in the beginning.
2212
2213485
221400:22:05,233 --> 00:22:10,225
2215It's, it's, it's just one long
2216historical narrative, is it not?
2217
2218486
221900:22:10,264 --> 00:22:11,772
2220It, it is.
2221As a matter of fact,
2222
2223487
222400:22:11,826 --> 00:22:14,654
2225the ge, the genealogy
2226form the structure,
2227
2228488
222900:22:14,722 --> 00:22:16,217
2230uh, not just for Genesis,
2231
2232489
223300:22:16,264 --> 00:22:18,730
2234but the, the narratives are
2235embedded in the genealogies.
2236
2237490
223800:22:18,765 --> 00:22:21,685
2239The genealogies are picked up
2240and actually call the Toledot...
2241
2242491
224300:22:21,720 --> 00:22:22,795
2244in the book of Ruth...
2245
2246492
224700:22:22,858 --> 00:22:26,155
2248to establish that David is
2249a descendant of Judah.
2250
2251493
225200:22:26,209 --> 00:22:29,158
2253Which is required by Jacob prophecy.
2254
2255494
225600:22:29,254 --> 00:22:31,376
2257And then we move in
2258to the New Testament...
2259
2260495
226100:22:31,472 --> 00:22:33,572
2262How is the pedigree of Jesus established?
2263
2264496
226500:22:33,597 --> 00:22:35,134
2266With, with two genealogies:
2267
2268497
226900:22:35,197 --> 00:22:38,244
2270One going back
2271through, uh, Mary's line...
2272
2273498
227400:22:38,302 --> 00:22:39,911
2275all the way back to Adam.
2276
2277499
227800:22:40,062 --> 00:22:43,341
2279Steve, in the light of all this
2280that we, that we have seen,
2281
2282500
228300:22:43,379 --> 00:22:47,669
2284um, how important is
2285the historical narrative
2286
2287501
228800:22:47,710 --> 00:22:49,342
2289that we find throughout Genesis,
2290
2291502
229200:22:49,373 --> 00:22:52,513
2293including all of the, uh,
2294the generations that are led up?
2295
2296503
229700:22:52,540 --> 00:22:56,647
2298How important is that to Christianity?
2299
2300504
230100:22:57,101 --> 00:23:00,064
2302It shows that Christianity
2303has a historical basis.
2304
2305505
230600:23:00,103 --> 00:23:01,329
2307It's what the Scriptures say
2308
2309506
231000:23:01,354 --> 00:23:05,517
2311and the scriptures represent
2312actual historical, uh, data.
2313
2314507
231500:23:05,573 --> 00:23:09,393
2316So Christianity is,
2317is not a leap in the dark.
2318
2319508
232000:23:09,473 --> 00:23:14,299
2321It is an understanding that has
2322very strong historical bases,...
2323
2324509
232500:23:14,482 --> 00:23:18,190
2326and that our Savior
2327is also our Creator.
2328
2329510
233000:23:19,746 --> 00:23:22,823
2331These genealogies are
2332incredibly important.
2333
2334511
233500:23:22,941 --> 00:23:25,372
2336If Jesus is descended from Adam,
2337
2338512
233900:23:25,430 --> 00:23:28,276
2340and Adam was created
2341on the sixth day of creation,
2342
2343513
234400:23:28,350 --> 00:23:30,854
2345then the Earth can't be very old.
2346
2347514
234800:23:30,975 --> 00:23:33,932
2349So where do the millions
2350of years come from?
2351
2352515
235300:23:34,666 --> 00:23:36,446
2354I met a geologist at a place
2355
2356516
235700:23:36,471 --> 00:23:39,549
2358where he said we could
2359understand this better.
2360
2361517
236200:23:45,260 --> 00:23:46,269
2363You see there...
2364
2365518
236600:23:46,301 --> 00:23:48,598
2367- the quietness expands?
2368- Yup.
2369
2370519
237100:23:48,652 --> 00:23:50,956
2372Nothing to disturb you.
2373
2374520
237500:23:51,631 --> 00:23:55,175
2376Yet you got the reminder that
2377there was an explosive in the past.
2378
2379521
238000:23:55,348 --> 00:23:58,668
2381There was a volcano back here,
2382the cinder cone volcano.
2383
2384522
238500:23:58,802 --> 00:24:00,785
2386And it built steps this lava flow
2387
2388523
238900:24:00,818 --> 00:24:03,309
2390that spilled out
2391across this country side.
2392
2393524
239400:24:03,450 --> 00:24:06,012
2395Just a huge amount of,
2396of basaltic lava.
2397
2398525
239900:24:06,037 --> 00:24:08,375
2400Yeah, but it's actually small, uh,
2401
2402526
240300:24:08,441 --> 00:24:11,711
2404compared to the lava flows
2405that we see in many places.
2406
2407527
240800:24:11,776 --> 00:24:15,638
2409And there're, there're some like
2410thousand of these volcanoes around here.
2411
2412528
241300:24:15,663 --> 00:24:17,171
2414And the little one
2415behind us here,...
2416
2417529
241800:24:17,214 --> 00:24:19,288
2419we call that a cinder cone volcano.
2420
2421530
242200:24:19,313 --> 00:24:21,520
2423- You call that "a little one"?
2424- Yeah, well, it is.
2425
2426531
242700:24:21,548 --> 00:24:23,339
2428I mean, these volcanoes are small.
2429
2430532
243100:24:23,364 --> 00:24:26,612
2432Mount St. Helens in 1980
2433when it erupted, ok?
2434
2435533
243600:24:26,663 --> 00:24:29,656
2437The top two and a half thousand feet
2438of the volcano blew off,
2439
2440534
244100:24:29,693 --> 00:24:33,195
2442but that was small compared
2443to historical eruptions.
2444
2445535
244600:24:33,376 --> 00:24:35,448
2447We can go back a little further
2448
2449536
245000:24:35,473 --> 00:24:37,378
2451to the great Yellowstone eruption,
2452
2453537
245400:24:37,453 --> 00:24:40,737
2455and some of the volcanic ash
2456was down in Texas.
2457
2458538
245900:24:40,777 --> 00:24:42,605
2460It blew that far away.
2461
2462539
246300:24:42,680 --> 00:24:45,792
2464You think about
2465lava flows in India...
2466
2467540
246800:24:45,927 --> 00:24:49,497
2469where you have an accumulation
2470up about to a thousand feet...
2471
2472541
247300:24:49,528 --> 00:24:52,374
2474over an area a third
2475of the size of the...
2476
2477542
247800:24:52,411 --> 00:24:54,339
2479subcontinent of India.
2480
2481543
248200:24:54,514 --> 00:24:57,513
2483What we see in the present
2484is really only...
2485
2486544
248700:24:57,558 --> 00:25:01,044
2488a, a minuscule by comparison
2489to what we've seen in the past.
2490
2491545
249200:25:01,083 --> 00:25:04,354
2493And that's telling us something
2494about the historic past.
2495
2496546
249700:25:04,467 --> 00:25:09,724
2498We can't use present day rates
2499of these processes to understand...
2500
2501547
250200:25:09,771 --> 00:25:13,820
2503how quickly and how majestically,
2504in terms of scale,...
2505
2506548
250700:25:13,867 --> 00:25:16,203
2508the geological record accumulated.
2509
2510549
251100:25:16,335 --> 00:25:19,340
2512Well, that is the point
2513that has brought me to you.
2514
2515550
251600:25:19,372 --> 00:25:20,145
2517- Because,
2518- Uh-huh.
2519
2520551
252100:25:20,184 --> 00:25:23,121
2522how do we determine
2523the age of these rocks?
2524
2525552
252600:25:23,164 --> 00:25:24,659
2527Well, the important...
2528
2529553
253000:25:24,676 --> 00:25:28,121
2531first thing is to recognize
2532that this lava flow is uh,
2533
2534554
253500:25:28,176 --> 00:25:29,660
2536 in a sense,
2537an instant in time.
2538
2539555
254000:25:29,685 --> 00:25:30,826
2541It's an event.
2542
2543556
254400:25:30,978 --> 00:25:32,832
2545And when that's molten,...
2546
2547557
254800:25:32,926 --> 00:25:34,504
2549you got all the different elements
2550
2551558
255200:25:34,551 --> 00:25:37,316
2553that uh, uh, come out
2554of the volcano all mixed up.
2555
2556559
255700:25:37,474 --> 00:25:39,592
2558And the rock starts to crystallize.
2559
2560560
256100:25:39,682 --> 00:25:42,295
2562Any of those atoms
2563that are radioactive,...
2564
2565561
256600:25:42,409 --> 00:25:44,490
2567they now start to accumulate...
2568
2569562
257000:25:44,552 --> 00:25:47,406
2571what we call "the daughter products",
2572the decay products.
2573
2574563
257500:25:47,534 --> 00:25:51,786
2576Now, the point is that,
2577that this rate of decay is so slow...
2578
2579564
258000:25:51,827 --> 00:25:53,632
2581when we measure in the present...
2582
2583565
258400:25:53,757 --> 00:25:56,757
2585that uh, you know,
2586it takes millions of years...
2587
2588566
258900:25:56,827 --> 00:25:59,829
2590for parent atoms to decay
2591to daughter atoms.
2592
2593567
259400:25:59,854 --> 00:26:02,868
2595And so, that's ultimately where
2596the millions of years come from.
2597
2598568
259900:26:02,893 --> 00:26:06,087
2600The fact that the decay rates
2601in the present are slow.
2602
2603569
260400:26:06,164 --> 00:26:07,821
2605But we would say
2606that the present...
2607
2608570
260900:26:07,861 --> 00:26:09,992
2610 is not really the key to the past,
2611
2612571
261300:26:10,017 --> 00:26:11,423
2614because, obviously,...
2615
2616572
261700:26:11,480 --> 00:26:14,535
2618the past holds
2619some massive, massive
2620
2621573
262200:26:14,559 --> 00:26:16,121
2623- catastrophic events...
2624- Right.
2625
2626574
262700:26:16,152 --> 00:26:17,314
2628that are not going on today.
2629
2630575
263100:26:17,339 --> 00:26:18,575
2632In fact, the Bible would say that
2633
2634576
263500:26:18,607 --> 00:26:20,419
2636- the past is the key to the present.
2637- Mmm.
2638
2639577
264000:26:20,450 --> 00:26:23,471
2641If you want us, want to understand
2642why the way the world is today,...
2643
2644578
264500:26:23,506 --> 00:26:25,953
2646you got to understand
2647what happened in the past.
2648
2649579
265000:26:26,024 --> 00:26:27,733
2651So we got lots of hints...
2652
2653580
265400:26:27,804 --> 00:26:32,382
2655that geological processes haven't been
2656at constant rates through time.
2657
2658581
265900:26:32,465 --> 00:26:34,218
2660And we have other hints...
2661
2662582
266300:26:34,303 --> 00:26:37,554
2664that the, the decay rates
2665might not have been constant.
2666
2667583
266800:26:37,808 --> 00:26:41,259
2669So we've taken rock samples
2670from a number of places.
2671
2672584
267300:26:41,311 --> 00:26:44,705
2674Lots of samples in the Grand Canyon,
2675in each of these rock layers.
2676
2677585
267800:26:44,786 --> 00:26:46,384
2679I've done it in New Zealand.
2680
2681586
268200:26:46,431 --> 00:26:48,556
2683We've done in other parts of the world.
2684
2685587
268600:26:48,641 --> 00:26:51,259
2687And what we've done is
2688we submitted...
2689
2690588
269100:26:51,377 --> 00:26:53,103
2692the same samples...
2693
2694589
269500:26:53,155 --> 00:26:55,556
2696to more than one
2697of these dating methods.
2698
2699590
270000:26:55,616 --> 00:26:57,124
2701And so,
2702what we found is
2703
2704591
270500:26:57,162 --> 00:26:59,451
2706on the same samples
2707with more than one method,
2708
2709592
271000:26:59,490 --> 00:27:01,303
2711we were getting ages
2712that were different
2713
2714593
271500:27:01,328 --> 00:27:02,708
2716by hundreds of millions of years,
2717
2718594
271900:27:02,733 --> 00:27:03,459
2720- even...
2721- Hmm.
2722
2723595
272400:27:03,486 --> 00:27:05,860
2725even a billion years
2726in some instances.
2727
2728596
272900:27:06,045 --> 00:27:10,304
2730We're seeing huge differences
2731by using different, different methods.
2732
2733597
273400:27:10,336 --> 00:27:13,765
2735Well, if, if, if there is
2736that kind of difference
2737
2738598
273900:27:13,790 --> 00:27:16,281
2740between all of these
2741dating method, methods...
2742
2743599
274400:27:16,357 --> 00:27:18,281
2745then that would seems
2746to confirm the fact
2747
2748600
274900:27:18,308 --> 00:27:20,140
2750that we have
2751an open system here,
2752
2753601
275400:27:20,165 --> 00:27:20,984
2755- Correct.
2756- not closed one.
2757
2758602
275900:27:21,018 --> 00:27:22,711
2760And if we have an open system,
2761
2762603
276300:27:22,750 --> 00:27:24,570
2764that means,
2765we can't trust it...
2766
2767604
276800:27:24,646 --> 00:27:27,289
2769uh, to give us
2770dependable dates...
2771
2772605
277300:27:27,375 --> 00:27:28,890
2774for, for those rocks.
2775
2776606
277700:27:28,929 --> 00:27:32,359
2778And that changes the whole thinking
2779about the history of the Earth.
2780
2781607
278200:27:32,421 --> 00:27:34,296
2783Because suddenly now,
2784
2785608
278600:27:34,339 --> 00:27:37,225
2787these, these radioactive
2788clocks are not reliable.
2789
2790609
279100:27:37,275 --> 00:27:40,554
2792Uh, we got evidence that
2793rates were faster in the past.
2794
2795610
279600:27:40,613 --> 00:27:44,335
2797Suddenly, we, we might not be
2798thinking in terms of millions of years.
2799
2800611
280100:27:44,369 --> 00:27:46,569
2802We might be thinking
2803in terms of a history...
2804
2805612
280600:27:46,616 --> 00:27:48,554
2807that is much more
2808much shorter.
2809
2810613
281100:27:48,730 --> 00:27:51,921
2812But you were saying that
2813this kind of evidence...
2814
2815614
281600:27:51,975 --> 00:27:54,600
2817uh, is in the open literature now.
2818
2819615
282000:27:54,625 --> 00:27:55,632
2821Yes, yes.
2822
2823616
282400:27:55,679 --> 00:27:57,667
2825Why, why is it not making impact?
2826
2827617
282800:27:57,692 --> 00:27:59,468
2829Well, I, I, I've been asked that
2830
2831618
283200:27:59,493 --> 00:28:02,499
2833when I've spoken in universities'
2834geology departments.
2835
2836619
283700:28:02,575 --> 00:28:04,436
2838And the answer is: Because...
2839
2840620
284100:28:04,468 --> 00:28:07,405
2842there is a commitment
2843to the millions of years.
2844
2845621
284600:28:07,444 --> 00:28:11,093
2847And so, once people
2848get lock in to that focus...
2849
2850622
285100:28:11,186 --> 00:28:13,507
2852anything outside
2853their field of view that...
2854
2855623
285600:28:13,558 --> 00:28:15,452
2857conflicts with that focus...
2858
2859624
286000:28:15,562 --> 00:28:17,898
2861uh, is, is marginalized.
2862
2863625
286400:28:17,944 --> 00:28:20,850
2865And the reason why
2866the millions of years are important,
2867
2868626
286900:28:20,981 --> 00:28:25,046
2870If, if, if we go back in history
2871of, of scientific thought,
2872
2873627
287400:28:25,154 --> 00:28:27,061
2875Charles Lyell in England...
2876
2877628
287800:28:27,117 --> 00:28:31,343
2879proposed millions of years and
2880they multiplied the ages for the rocks.
2881
2882629
288300:28:31,499 --> 00:28:35,108
2884And that was the foundation
2885on which Charles Darwin built.
2886
2887630
288800:28:35,153 --> 00:28:37,382
2889In fact, he read Charles Lyell's book...
2890
2891631
289200:28:37,452 --> 00:28:40,912
2893and was convinced of the millions
2894of years of geological evolution,
2895
2896632
289700:28:40,937 --> 00:28:43,694
2898so he could say,
2899now given enough time...
2900
2901633
290200:28:43,741 --> 00:28:45,556
2903what we now see
2904happening in the present,
2905
2906634
290700:28:45,581 --> 00:28:47,750
2908we might not only see
2909small changes in the present,
2910
2911635
291200:28:47,815 --> 00:28:49,127
2913given millions of years,
2914
2915636
291600:28:49,166 --> 00:28:51,564
2917the small changes can
2918add up to big changes.
2919
2920637
292100:28:51,685 --> 00:28:55,572
2922And so, if you want to have a way
2923of looking at the hist of history...
2924
2925638
292600:28:55,597 --> 00:28:58,383
2927that uh, says that
2928we got here by chance,
2929
2930639
293100:28:58,408 --> 00:29:01,019
2932random processes
2933over millions of years,...
2934
2935640
293600:29:01,051 --> 00:29:03,377
2937then you got to have rocks
2938that are millions of years old.
2939
2940641
294100:29:03,402 --> 00:29:05,494
2942Otherwise, you'd
2943undermine that whole...
2944
2945642
294600:29:05,541 --> 00:29:08,439
2947that whole foundation
2948of that view of the history.
2949
2950643
295100:29:08,464 --> 00:29:11,106
2952So time becomes
2953the critical element
2954
2955644
295600:29:11,139 --> 00:29:12,560
2957- Yes.
2958- for the conventional paradigm,
2959
2960645
296100:29:12,591 --> 00:29:16,356
2962- Exactly.
2963- and that time has to be a deep time.
2964
2965646
296600:29:18,193 --> 00:29:20,913
2967Andrew said when
2968you study the rock formations,
2969
2970647
297100:29:20,989 --> 00:29:25,826
2972they show evidence of a young earth
2973transformed by a global catastrophe.
2974
2975648
297600:29:25,995 --> 00:29:29,772
2977So he took me south to Sedona
2978to see it for myself.
2979
2980649
298100:29:31,649 --> 00:29:33,850
2982The important thing
2983to note is that uh...
2984
2985650
298600:29:33,875 --> 00:29:37,155
2987this landscape is actually very stable.
2988
2989651
299000:29:37,320 --> 00:29:39,412
2991There was lots of erosion in the past...
2992
2993652
299400:29:39,444 --> 00:29:40,999
2995- Oh, yeah.
2996- to carve out this...
2997
2998653
299900:29:41,053 --> 00:29:42,514
3000- whole terrain.
3001- Uh-huh.
3002
3003654
300400:29:42,556 --> 00:29:43,983
3005But those cliffs...
3006
3007655
300800:29:44,061 --> 00:29:46,120
3009and, and the valley floor
3010are very stable,
3011
3012656
301300:29:46,144 --> 00:29:48,277
3014which is why you got
3015the vegetation.
3016
3017657
301800:29:48,349 --> 00:29:50,803
3019Today, everything is much,
3020much quieter.
3021
3022658
302300:29:50,908 --> 00:29:54,332
3024Today's processes are extremely slow.
3025
3026659
302700:29:54,455 --> 00:29:57,090
3028But they can't explain
3029how we got this erosion,
3030
3031660
303200:29:57,137 --> 00:29:58,418
3033how we got these layers,
3034
3035661
303600:29:58,457 --> 00:30:00,387
3037how we got these cliffs.
3038
3039662
304000:30:00,716 --> 00:30:02,082
3041Alright. So,...
3042
3043663
304400:30:02,121 --> 00:30:05,176
3045you wanted to come here
3046because you see evidence...
3047
3048664
304900:30:05,239 --> 00:30:07,019
3050uh, of a young Earth...
3051
3052665
305300:30:07,075 --> 00:30:08,972
3054uh, because of, of what's here.
3055
3056666
305700:30:08,997 --> 00:30:10,496
3058- What do you see?
3059- Yes. Well,...
3060
3061667
306200:30:10,551 --> 00:30:13,980
3063the first thing we've noticed
3064is the extent of these layers.
3065
3066668
306700:30:14,055 --> 00:30:16,004
3068It's like a stack of pancakes.
3069
3070669
307100:30:16,051 --> 00:30:17,918
3072For example, the red unit
3073
3074670
307500:30:17,965 --> 00:30:19,340
3076- that goes all the way across
3077- Uh-huh.
3078
3079671
308000:30:19,365 --> 00:30:20,527
3081our field of view,
3082
3083672
308400:30:20,582 --> 00:30:22,592
3085that's the Schnebly Hill Formation.
3086
3087673
308800:30:22,631 --> 00:30:23,717
3089And above that,
3090
3091674
309200:30:23,749 --> 00:30:25,671
3093you can see the first white unit,
3094
3095675
309600:30:25,724 --> 00:30:27,584
3097it's Coconino Sandstone.
3098
3099676
310000:30:27,630 --> 00:30:30,834
3101And above that, you got
3102the Toroweap at the horizon,
3103
3104677
310500:30:30,874 --> 00:30:32,802
3106you got the Kaibab limestone,
3107
3108678
310900:30:32,827 --> 00:30:35,296
3110which is the, the rim rock
3111of the Grand Canyon.
3112
3113679
311400:30:35,371 --> 00:30:37,069
3115And, you know,
3116here we are,...
3117
3118680
311900:30:37,116 --> 00:30:39,468
312070 more miles from
3121the Grand Canyon
3122
3123681
312400:30:39,493 --> 00:30:41,647
3125- and these layers are still here.
3126- Yeah.
3127
3128682
312900:30:41,789 --> 00:30:43,987
3130It's almost hard to imagine
3131
3132683
313300:30:44,035 --> 00:30:48,033
3134the volume of material
3135that that represents.
3136
3137684
313800:30:48,058 --> 00:30:48,830
3139Yes.
3140
3141685
314200:30:48,855 --> 00:30:50,761
3143Take the Coconino sandstone,
3144
3145686
314600:30:50,841 --> 00:30:52,515
3147We can trace it from here
3148
3149687
315000:30:52,594 --> 00:30:54,406
3151right across New Mexico,
3152
3153688
315400:30:54,437 --> 00:30:55,547
3155Colorado,
3156
3157689
315800:30:55,585 --> 00:30:58,920
3159right over towards Kansas
3160and Oklahoma, even in Texas.
3161
3162690
316300:30:58,945 --> 00:31:01,275
3164We're talking at least
3165200,000 square miles...
3166
3167691
316800:31:01,314 --> 00:31:03,275
3169- Mmm.
3170- for this one rock unit...
3171
3172692
317300:31:03,306 --> 00:31:06,392
3174that's consistant for miles
3175after miles after miles.
3176
3177693
317800:31:06,446 --> 00:31:08,907
3179That's not the scale
3180that we see today,
3181
3182694
318300:31:08,939 --> 00:31:10,892
3184with localized sedimentation.
3185
3186695
318700:31:10,964 --> 00:31:13,525
3188And to get a flat line like this...
3189
3190696
319100:31:13,580 --> 00:31:15,627
3192over such a large area,
3193
3194697
319500:31:15,690 --> 00:31:18,259
3196it's like you have to make
3197your pancake all at once
3198
3199698
320000:31:18,284 --> 00:31:19,744
3201- very rapidely.
3202- Uh-huh.
3203
3204699
320500:31:19,769 --> 00:31:23,672
3206And so, these layers show
3207evidence of rapid sedimentation,
3208
3209700
321000:31:23,731 --> 00:31:25,810
3211the, the extension of these layers.
3212
3213701
321400:31:25,912 --> 00:31:26,919
3215Well, Andrew,
3216
3217702
321800:31:26,959 --> 00:31:29,834
3219you, you were talking about
3220that red formation, but...
3221
3222703
322300:31:29,871 --> 00:31:31,459
3224that doesn't sound familiar to me.
3225
3226704
322700:31:31,484 --> 00:31:33,154
3228No, that's the Schnebly Hill Formation.
3229
3230705
323100:31:33,185 --> 00:31:35,021
3232That's not in the Grand Canyon.
3233
3234706
323500:31:35,108 --> 00:31:37,935
3236In the Grand Canyon,
3237we go from Coconino...
3238
3239707
324000:31:37,998 --> 00:31:39,639
3241into the Hermit formation.
3242
3243708
324400:31:39,695 --> 00:31:41,755
3245There's no face boundary,...
3246
3247709
324800:31:41,854 --> 00:31:44,802
3249and there's no evidence
3250of erosion there.
3251
3252710
325300:31:44,889 --> 00:31:48,443
3254Which means that the Hermit
3255formation was rapidly deposited...
3256
3257711
325800:31:48,507 --> 00:31:51,794
3259and then immediately the Coconino
3260that was deposited on top of it.
3261
3262712
326300:31:51,842 --> 00:31:52,920
3264But here,...
3265
3266713
326700:31:52,966 --> 00:31:55,701
3268we come 70 miles
3269from the Grand Canyon...
3270
3271714
327200:31:55,771 --> 00:31:58,959
3273and we got this Schnebly Hill
3274formation between...
3275
3276715
327700:31:59,005 --> 00:32:01,107
3278- the Coconino and the Hermit.
3279- Hmm.
3280
3281716
328200:32:01,176 --> 00:32:02,951
3283And, and this Schnebly Hill formation,
3284
3285717
328600:32:02,982 --> 00:32:05,022
3287800 to 1,000 feet thick,...
3288
3289718
329000:32:05,060 --> 00:32:08,304
3291over an area of a, a,
3292a 1,000 square miles,...
3293
3294719
329500:32:08,380 --> 00:32:10,804
3296had to have been formed very rapidly.
3297
3298720
329900:32:10,833 --> 00:32:13,389
3300If, if, if that took millions of years,
3301
3302721
330300:32:13,487 --> 00:32:15,326
3304we ought to see millions
3305of years of evidence
3306
3307722
330800:32:15,351 --> 00:32:16,680
3309- of millions of years of erosion
3310- Uh-huh.
3311
3312723
331300:32:16,705 --> 00:32:18,203
3314- back in the Grand Canyon
3315- Uh-huh.
3316
3317724
331800:32:18,228 --> 00:32:20,369
3319at that same boundary.
3320We don't.
3321
3322725
332300:32:20,466 --> 00:32:23,930
3324So that means that this Schnebly Hill
3325formation in this area...
3326
3327726
332800:32:23,973 --> 00:32:26,676
3329had to form in a matter of hours.
3330
3331727
333200:32:26,824 --> 00:32:30,191
3333So it told you that not only
3334there's lack of erosion
3335
3336728
333700:32:30,216 --> 00:32:32,442
3338but there's no time
3339between those boundaries.
3340
3341729
334200:32:32,473 --> 00:32:34,387
3343- So the whole sequence of layers
3344- Hhh.
3345
3346730
334700:32:34,443 --> 00:32:36,271
3348was very rapidly deposited.
3349
3350731
335100:32:36,395 --> 00:32:40,130
3352So we have this,
3353this large extent of layers.
3354
3355732
335600:32:40,161 --> 00:32:43,973
3357We have the lack of erosion
3358between the layers.
3359
3360733
336100:32:44,012 --> 00:32:45,911
3362What other evidence do you see?
3363
3364734
336500:32:45,966 --> 00:32:47,716
3366Well, if we look closely,
3367
3368735
336900:32:47,754 --> 00:32:50,091
3370for example,
3371the Coconino Sandstone,
3372
3373736
337400:32:50,204 --> 00:32:52,562
3375we see the bedding
3376that this bands within
3377
3378737
337900:32:52,593 --> 00:32:54,233
3380- that is, that is sloping.
3381- Hhh.
3382
3383738
338400:32:54,294 --> 00:32:56,187
3385We call those cross-beds.
3386
3387739
338800:32:56,249 --> 00:32:58,093
3389What they indicate is that
3390
3391740
339200:32:58,140 --> 00:33:00,171
3393you had underwater sand waves...
3394
3395741
339600:33:00,210 --> 00:33:01,515
3397were moving along.
3398
3399742
340000:33:01,577 --> 00:33:03,462
3401The comparison is in the desert.
3402
3403743
340400:33:03,517 --> 00:33:06,744
3405It is important to recognize that
3406there's a difference in the angle...
3407
3408744
340900:33:06,783 --> 00:33:07,976
3410in the desert dune.
3411
3412745
341300:33:08,001 --> 00:33:12,121
3414It is usually 30 to 34 degrees
3415of these, these sloping beds.
3416
3417746
341800:33:12,205 --> 00:33:15,380
3419Under water, it's usually
342025 degrees or less.
3421
3422747
342300:33:15,415 --> 00:33:17,426
3424And Dr. John Whitmore...
3425
3426748
342700:33:17,488 --> 00:33:21,012
3428has combed the hills
3429around here with his students...
3430
3431749
343200:33:21,059 --> 00:33:23,262
3433hundreds and hundreds
3434of measurements...
3435
3436750
343700:33:23,293 --> 00:33:25,028
3438of these cross-beds.
3439
3440751
344100:33:25,090 --> 00:33:27,215
3442And they all come
3443in the range of
3444
3445752
344600:33:27,254 --> 00:33:29,114
3447- 15 to 25 degrees.
3448- Hhh.
3449
3450753
345100:33:29,215 --> 00:33:31,457
3452So it was underwater deposition.
3453
3454754
345500:33:31,527 --> 00:33:34,248
3456And so, these layers
3457are accumulating
3458
3459755
346000:33:34,273 --> 00:33:36,857
3461in hours, weeks, and,
3462and within months,...
3463
3464756
346500:33:36,912 --> 00:33:39,600
3466you got this whole stack
3467of pancakes layers...
3468
3469757
347000:33:39,670 --> 00:33:41,170
3471over such wide areas.
3472
3473758
347400:33:41,216 --> 00:33:43,320
3475So it isn't difference in believing
3476
3477759
347800:33:43,351 --> 00:33:44,961
3479in those layers that exist.
3480
3481760
348200:33:44,986 --> 00:33:46,638
3483- Not at all.
3484- It's, it's the difference
3485
3486761
348700:33:46,663 --> 00:33:48,663
3488- of time, isn't it?
3489- Correct.
3490
3491762
349200:33:48,688 --> 00:33:51,871
3493It's not a question of
3494science versus the Bible.
3495
3496763
349700:33:51,925 --> 00:33:53,913
3498When we're talking about
3499the Flood paradigm
3500
3501764
350200:33:53,952 --> 00:33:55,523
3503and the conventional paradigm,
3504
3505765
350600:33:55,566 --> 00:33:58,205
3507we're actually talking
3508about two different views
3509
3510766
351100:33:58,230 --> 00:34:00,327
3512- of the Earth history.
3513- Uh-huh.
3514
3515767
351600:34:00,805 --> 00:34:03,570
3517Those views really are different.
3518
3519768
352000:34:03,827 --> 00:34:06,536
3521Of course, I grew up being taught
3522the conventional view
3523
3524769
352500:34:06,561 --> 00:34:10,234
3526with this long ages and
3527slow uniform changes.
3528
3529770
353000:34:10,297 --> 00:34:14,469
3531But what was the history
3532of the world according to Genesis?
3533
3534771
353500:34:24,935 --> 00:34:28,036
3536Kurt Wise took me from
3537one fascinating place to another,...
3538
3539772
354000:34:28,083 --> 00:34:30,341
3541showing me evidence of fossil forests,...
3542
3543773
354400:34:30,380 --> 00:34:32,927
3545explaining the rapid formation of coal,...
3546
3547774
354800:34:32,997 --> 00:34:37,351
3549and talking about the complex
3550design of biological systems.
3551
3552775
355300:34:37,460 --> 00:34:38,788
3554Everywhere we turned,
3555
3556776
355700:34:38,819 --> 00:34:42,616
3558he showed me something new
3559about the Earth and its history.
3560
3561777
356200:34:42,743 --> 00:34:47,017
3563We ended up at the entrance
3564to an old abandoned coal mine.
3565
3566778
356700:34:47,674 --> 00:34:49,680
3568This is leftover remain
3569
3570779
357100:34:49,705 --> 00:34:51,875
3572of the Dayton Coal and Iron Company,
3573
3574780
357500:34:51,900 --> 00:34:54,611
3576built about 100-110 years ago.
3577
3578781
357900:34:54,689 --> 00:34:56,254
3580What's amazing is uh,
3581
3582782
358300:34:56,279 --> 00:34:59,761
3584if, if you didn't know that history,
3585and if you look at these rocks,
3586
3587783
358800:34:59,799 --> 00:35:01,375
3589you would think
3590they were very ancient.
3591
3592784
359300:35:01,400 --> 00:35:02,744
3594In fact, if we were in Greece,
3595
3596785
359700:35:02,791 --> 00:35:04,931
3598you might think
3599they're thousands of years old.
3600
3601786
360200:35:04,987 --> 00:35:08,284
3603It's hard to tell just looking
3604at the structure itself.
3605
3606787
360700:35:08,464 --> 00:35:11,191
3608Well, Kurt, then I need
3609for you to do something,
3610
3611788
361200:35:11,216 --> 00:35:15,259
3613because I know that
3614the conventional paradigm...
3615
3616789
361700:35:15,284 --> 00:35:18,652
3618looks back in Earth history
3619as a straight line,...
3620
3621790
362200:35:18,745 --> 00:35:21,917
3623a lot of uniform processes
3624and so forth.
3625
3626791
362700:35:22,003 --> 00:35:25,114
3628But, the Genesis history
3629is telling us that...
3630
3631792
363200:35:25,153 --> 00:35:27,622
3633it's, it's not that uniform.
3634
3635793
363600:35:27,708 --> 00:35:28,739
3637Yes, that's a good point.
3638
3639794
364000:35:28,778 --> 00:35:30,583
3641In 2nd Peter chapter 3,
3642
3643795
364400:35:30,640 --> 00:35:31,726
3645it talks about
3646
3647796
364800:35:31,765 --> 00:35:33,234
3649people in the later days saying,
3650
3651797
365200:35:33,259 --> 00:35:34,705
3653"Where is the promise of His coming?
3654
3655798
365600:35:34,730 --> 00:35:36,501
3657For all the things continuing
3658as they were
3659
3660799
366100:35:36,540 --> 00:35:37,845
3662from the beginning of creation".
3663
3664800
366500:35:37,876 --> 00:35:39,453
3666- That concept that...
3667- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
3668
3669801
367000:35:39,478 --> 00:35:42,187
3671what you see in the present,
3672what's happening now,...
3673
3674802
367500:35:42,257 --> 00:35:44,001
3676what's happening
3677in the creek down below,
3678
3679803
368000:35:44,033 --> 00:35:45,851
3681what's happening in
3682every place on the Earth
3683
3684804
368500:35:45,876 --> 00:35:47,259
3686is the way
3687it has always been.
3688
3689805
369000:35:47,322 --> 00:35:49,511
3691It has always been
3692for all of Earth history.
3693
3694806
369500:35:49,574 --> 00:35:50,918
3696The passage goes on to say,
3697
3698807
369900:35:50,957 --> 00:35:52,486
3700"For this, they're willingly
3701
3702808
370300:35:52,511 --> 00:35:53,660
3704- ignorant.
3705- Uh-huh.
3706
3707809
370800:35:53,715 --> 00:35:56,463
3709They are not just ignorant
3710of these truths,
3711
3712810
371300:35:56,488 --> 00:35:59,074
3714they're purposely
3715rejecting these truths,
3716
3717811
371800:35:59,105 --> 00:36:01,302
3719and lists of the Creation...
3720
3721812
372200:36:01,365 --> 00:36:02,467
3723and the Flood.
3724
3725813
372600:36:02,529 --> 00:36:05,492
3727These are apparently events,
3728according to the Bible,
3729
3730814
373100:36:05,562 --> 00:36:07,279
3732that aren't like the present.
3733
3734815
373500:36:07,314 --> 00:36:07,992
3736Right.
3737
3738816
373900:36:08,017 --> 00:36:10,837
3740And the neat thing is
3741that's what we see here.
3742
3743817
374400:36:10,892 --> 00:36:14,361
3745That cliff isn't actually in place.
3746
3747818
374800:36:14,439 --> 00:36:17,769
3749That cliff, it belongs
3750about a 1,000 feet up.
3751
3752819
375300:36:17,810 --> 00:36:20,466
3754- It slid down to its current location.
3755- Uh-huh.
3756
3757820
375800:36:20,505 --> 00:36:22,286
3759- That's a pretty big bolder.
3760- That's huge.
3761
3762821
376300:36:22,311 --> 00:36:25,434
3764Okay now, now, what kind
3765of process in the present...
3766
3767822
376800:36:25,560 --> 00:36:28,235
3769slides blocks that big down?
3770
3771823
377200:36:28,279 --> 00:36:30,774
3773- This thing continues for a mile.
3774- Uh-huh.
3775
3776824
377700:36:30,890 --> 00:36:33,375
3778- Uh-huh.
3779- But inside those rocks...
3780
3781825
378200:36:33,416 --> 00:36:35,484
3783are yet, further evidence
3784of an event...
3785
3786826
378700:36:35,509 --> 00:36:37,556
3788before that,
3789it's even bigger,
3790
3791827
379200:36:37,612 --> 00:36:40,682
3793- even more unlike the present.
3794- Uh-huh.
3795
3796828
379700:36:40,814 --> 00:36:45,129
3798And then, inside those rocks,
3799are also fossils of a time period...
3800
3801829
380200:36:45,183 --> 00:36:46,814
3803- that's very different from the present.
3804- Uh-huh.
3805
3806830
380700:36:46,839 --> 00:36:48,604
3808So that, according to
3809the claim of Scripture
3810
3811831
381200:36:48,629 --> 00:36:50,386
3813and according to
3814my own experience...
3815
3816832
381700:36:50,433 --> 00:36:52,505
3818you can't use the present to...
3819
3820833
382100:36:52,583 --> 00:36:54,708
3822to judge the past,
3823to understand the past.
3824
3825834
382600:36:54,733 --> 00:36:57,355
3827But if you go all the way back
3828to the beginning, you'll realize...
3829
3830835
383100:36:57,380 --> 00:36:58,849
3832that the Bible lays out...
3833
3834836
383500:36:58,904 --> 00:37:01,390
3836what I would call
3837epochs of Earth history,
3838
3839837
384000:37:01,415 --> 00:37:02,834
3841- Major occurence of time?
3842- periods just,
3843
3844838
384500:37:02,859 --> 00:37:04,514
3846just different things happening
3847
3848839
384900:37:04,539 --> 00:37:06,183
3850during each of these epochs.
3851
3852840
385300:37:06,218 --> 00:37:08,765
3854But if you live in anyone
3855of the other epochs,...
3856
3857841
385800:37:08,821 --> 00:37:11,058
3859- you would never understand...
3860- Hhh.
3861
3862842
386300:37:11,104 --> 00:37:13,478
3864the previous epoch,
3865because they're so different.
3866
3867843
386800:37:13,603 --> 00:37:16,681
3869The first one is
3870the creation itself.
3871
3872844
387300:37:16,775 --> 00:37:20,205
3874In six days, God created
3875the entire universe.
3876
3877845
387800:37:20,260 --> 00:37:22,680
3879He created the planets and the stars.
3880
3881846
388200:37:22,705 --> 00:37:26,113
3883And He stretched out the universe
3884with His outstretch arm.
3885
3886847
388700:37:26,158 --> 00:37:28,516
3888That's obviously not happening today.
3889
3890848
389100:37:28,541 --> 00:37:30,737
3892- Yeah.
3893- He's not creating planets.
3894
3895849
389600:37:30,821 --> 00:37:32,987
3897In fact, at the end of that passage,
3898
3899850
390000:37:33,012 --> 00:37:34,488
3901it says He ended...
3902
3903851
390400:37:34,551 --> 00:37:36,512
3905- His creation work.
3906- Hhh.
3907
3908852
390900:37:36,653 --> 00:37:40,147
3910And then we move into
3911what I call the Edenian Epoch,
3912
3913853
391400:37:40,264 --> 00:37:43,930
3915the period of time when Adam and Eve
3916are in the garden of Eden.
3917
3918854
391900:37:43,969 --> 00:37:46,049
3920- And it's very different from the present.
3921- Right.
3922
3923855
392400:37:46,080 --> 00:37:48,172
3925We get the impression
3926from that passage,
3927
3928856
392900:37:48,203 --> 00:37:50,539
3930for example, that Adam and Eve
3931if they had not sinned...
3932
3933857
393400:37:50,564 --> 00:37:51,680
3935would have lived forever.
3936
3937858
393800:37:51,711 --> 00:37:55,299
3939It's hard to even conceive
3940of human being living forever.
3941
3942859
394300:37:55,330 --> 00:37:56,768
3944- So it's a different world.
3945- True.
3946
3947860
394800:37:56,793 --> 00:37:58,368
3949- Wildly different.
3950- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
3951
3952861
395300:37:58,395 --> 00:38:00,273
3954How long it lasts?
3955We do not know.
3956
3957862
395800:38:00,308 --> 00:38:03,247
3959But it suddenly terminated
3960with Adam and Eve
3961
3962863
396300:38:03,280 --> 00:38:05,879
3964eating of the tree of
3965the knowledge of good and evil.
3966
3967864
396800:38:05,904 --> 00:38:08,279
3969- Rebelling the...
3970- And God cursing the creation.
3971
3972865
397300:38:08,304 --> 00:38:09,545
3974- He changed the rules
3975- Uh-huh.
3976
3977866
397800:38:09,570 --> 00:38:10,999
3979in the, in the universe.
3980
3981867
398200:38:11,033 --> 00:38:14,164
3983Now, no longer is the sun
3984gonna be able to burn forever.
3985
3986868
398700:38:14,226 --> 00:38:16,328
3988No longer are we gonna
3989be able to live forever.
3990
3991869
399200:38:16,383 --> 00:38:18,430
3993So it's hard for us
3994to even imagine...
3995
3996870
399700:38:18,455 --> 00:38:19,797
3998- Theory.
3999- what that would be like...
4000
4001871
400200:38:19,822 --> 00:38:21,531
4003because we only see the laws...
4004
4005872
400600:38:21,556 --> 00:38:23,803
4007And we wouldn't have
4008come to that conclusion
4009
4010873
401100:38:23,828 --> 00:38:25,789
4012- if we didn't have the Word of God.
4013- Hhh, it's true if we didn't have this...
4014
4015874
401600:38:25,829 --> 00:38:27,939
4017With, and, and that's what
4018I think the Word of God
4019
4020875
402100:38:27,964 --> 00:38:29,494
4022- has been given to us for.
4023- Right.
4024
4025876
402600:38:29,541 --> 00:38:32,900
4027So we slide into
4028the third epoch of time,
4029
4030877
403100:38:32,925 --> 00:38:34,833
4032what I call the Ante-Diluvian period,
4033
4034878
403500:38:34,865 --> 00:38:37,480
4036the period before the flood
4037and after the fall of man.
4038
4039879
404000:38:37,505 --> 00:38:38,275
4041Uh-huh.
4042
4043880
404400:38:38,314 --> 00:38:41,243
4045It's a world that's different
4046than the present.
4047
4048881
404900:38:41,275 --> 00:38:43,558
4050It's gotten the same
4051natural laws going on.
4052
4053882
405400:38:43,583 --> 00:38:44,229
4055Uh-huh.
4056
4057883
405800:38:44,254 --> 00:38:45,754
4059But it's a different set of critters,
4060
4061884
406200:38:45,779 --> 00:38:47,386
4063- a different set of plants.
4064- Yeah.
4065
4066885
406700:38:47,411 --> 00:38:49,066
4068It's a little warmer Earth.
4069
4070886
407100:38:49,097 --> 00:38:51,410
4072The continents are in
4073different positions
4074
4075887
407600:38:51,435 --> 00:38:53,011
4077from what they are now.
4078
4079888
408000:38:53,043 --> 00:38:55,543
4081It looks significantly different.
4082
4083889
408400:38:55,597 --> 00:38:58,037
4085Well, and that's what
4086we see in, in Peter,
4087
4088890
408900:38:58,061 --> 00:38:59,569
4090where it talks about...
4091
4092891
409300:38:59,636 --> 00:39:01,662
4094that world being destroyed.
4095
4096892
409700:39:01,698 --> 00:39:04,928
4098So, the Flood was not
4099just soaking everything.
4100
4101893
410200:39:04,967 --> 00:39:07,637
4103This was a radical,
4104radical change, wasn't it?
4105
4106894
410700:39:07,662 --> 00:39:10,992
4108Yes, if we're right about
4109what we've understood so far,
4110
4111895
411200:39:11,055 --> 00:39:13,078
4113we got continents moving,
4114
4115896
411600:39:13,125 --> 00:39:15,687
4117smashing together,
4118creating mountains.
4119
4120897
412100:39:15,722 --> 00:39:18,904
4122The mountains are rising
4123to tens of thousands of feet.
4124
4125898
412600:39:18,966 --> 00:39:22,349
4127You got water washing
4128across the entire continents.
4129
4130899
413100:39:22,412 --> 00:39:26,693
4132We're, we're reaping tens of,
4133of thousands of feet of sediment
4134
4135900
413600:39:26,728 --> 00:39:28,474
4137off of the old continents...
4138
4139901
414000:39:28,529 --> 00:39:32,289
4141and then depositing thousands of feet
4142of sediment on top of them again.
4143
4144902
414500:39:32,320 --> 00:39:33,334
4146- Yeah.
4147- It's...
4148
4149903
415000:39:33,367 --> 00:39:36,792
4151We're looking at earthquakes
4152of astonishing power.
4153
4154904
415500:39:36,827 --> 00:39:39,704
4156So this changed then from the...
4157
4158905
415900:39:39,729 --> 00:39:42,407
4160what you call the Ante-Diluvian epoch,
4161
4162906
416300:39:42,470 --> 00:39:45,580
4164now into uh, the post-Flood...
4165
4166907
416700:39:45,665 --> 00:39:48,509
4168Basically, the, the Earth
4169has gotten to recover...
4170
4171908
417200:39:48,548 --> 00:39:49,806
4173from a global Flood.
4174
4175909
417600:39:49,860 --> 00:39:51,712
4177The atmosphere has
4178gotten to recover.
4179
4180910
418100:39:51,743 --> 00:39:54,237
4182The geology, the rocks have to recover.
4183
4184911
418500:39:54,269 --> 00:39:57,181
4186Plants and animals have
4187to spread across the Earth.
4188
4189912
419000:39:57,216 --> 00:39:58,576
4191You got lots of water,
4192
4193913
419400:39:58,638 --> 00:40:01,779
4195humongous earthquake,
4196humongous volcanoes.
4197
4198914
419900:40:01,810 --> 00:40:04,037
4200And more or less,
4201that period of recovery...
4202
4203915
420400:40:04,092 --> 00:40:05,662
4205is a slow...
4206
4207916
420800:40:05,701 --> 00:40:07,199
4209decrease in intensity...
4210
4211917
421200:40:07,224 --> 00:40:08,934
4213and frequency of those things.
4214
4215918
421600:40:08,959 --> 00:40:12,599
4217So would it be in that period
4218that we would see the Ice Age?
4219
4220919
422100:40:12,638 --> 00:40:13,646
4222For example?
4223
4224920
422500:40:13,709 --> 00:40:16,326
4226Yes. That's ironically,
4227
4228921
422900:40:16,357 --> 00:40:18,357
4230the Ice Age turns out to be,
4231
4232922
423300:40:18,382 --> 00:40:19,516
4234in our modeling,
4235
4236923
423700:40:19,563 --> 00:40:22,607
4238a consequence of
4239the heating of water...
4240
4241924
424200:40:22,686 --> 00:40:23,951
4243during the flood.
4244
4245925
424600:40:23,990 --> 00:40:25,922
4247The water is evaporating
4248off the oceans.
4249
4250926
425100:40:25,947 --> 00:40:27,547
4252- That cools the oceans.
4253- Uh-huh.
4254
4255927
425600:40:27,578 --> 00:40:29,625
4257The water is then moving
4258over the continents
4259
4260928
426100:40:29,650 --> 00:40:32,219
4262and dropping enormous
4263volumes of water.
4264
4265929
426600:40:32,250 --> 00:40:35,437
4267Now in certain places, the rain
4268is gonna come down as snow.
4269
4270930
427100:40:35,500 --> 00:40:37,375
4272- They're coming down so rapidly
4273- Okay.
4274
4275931
427600:40:37,384 --> 00:40:39,172
4277and without break,
4278
4279932
428000:40:39,219 --> 00:40:42,289
4281that can't melt and
4282accumulates into thick...
4283
4284933
428500:40:42,336 --> 00:40:44,039
4286- sequences of ice...
4287- Uh-huh.
4288
4289934
429000:40:44,078 --> 00:40:46,196
4291- until they're miles thick.
4292- Uh-huh.
4293
4294935
429500:40:46,229 --> 00:40:48,547
4296And then when the oceans
4297have cooled enough
4298
4299936
430000:40:48,572 --> 00:40:51,383
4301that that rain generation
4302system has stopped,...
4303
4304937
430500:40:51,430 --> 00:40:55,237
4306then those glaciers then collapse
4307under their own weight,
4308
4309938
431000:40:55,291 --> 00:40:58,245
4311melt back to the current position,
4312and they're continuing to melt.
4313
4314939
431500:40:58,284 --> 00:41:00,377
4316Now this thing global warming, it is.
4317
4318940
431900:41:00,403 --> 00:41:03,598
4320It's recovering, the Earth is still
4321recovering from the flood.
4322
4323941
432400:41:03,684 --> 00:41:08,686
4325So that was really a fairly
4326tumultuous era uh, right then...
4327
4328942
432900:41:08,757 --> 00:41:11,476
4330and but then you have
4331one final epoch.
4332
4333943
433400:41:11,569 --> 00:41:14,460
4335- So the modern epoch is...
4336- Uh-huh.
4337
4338944
433900:41:14,485 --> 00:41:16,633
4340you can study present processeses
4341
4342945
434300:41:16,665 --> 00:41:17,986
4344and understand things...
4345
4346946
434700:41:18,016 --> 00:41:20,055
4348fairly literally back to...
4349
4350947
435100:41:20,080 --> 00:41:20,665
4352Yeah.
4353
4354948
435500:41:20,690 --> 00:41:22,481
4356where within a couple
4357centuries of the Flood.
4358
4359949
436000:41:22,516 --> 00:41:25,626
4361And so that would leave one
4362to think that these processes,
4363
4364950
436500:41:25,651 --> 00:41:27,432
4366if you take it all the way back.
4367
4368951
436900:41:27,457 --> 00:41:28,604
4370- Precisely.
4371- You're right.
4372
4373952
437400:41:28,643 --> 00:41:31,434
4375You, you take the present processes
4376and extend them into the back.
4377
4378953
437900:41:31,459 --> 00:41:33,700
4380And, and that's what
43812nd Peter says.
4382
4383954
438400:41:33,725 --> 00:41:35,020
4385That's the error people make.
4386
4387955
438800:41:35,051 --> 00:41:36,270
4389It's reasonable.
4390
4391956
439200:41:36,293 --> 00:41:38,645
4393Take the present and
4394extend it into the past,
4395
4396957
439700:41:38,676 --> 00:41:40,175
4398not unreasonable.
4399
4400958
440100:41:40,215 --> 00:41:42,497
4402So you need to go to the Bible...
4403
4404959
440500:41:42,575 --> 00:41:45,028
4406to find out the necessary information
4407
4408960
440900:41:45,067 --> 00:41:46,723
4410- to, to reconstruct it.
4411- Uh-huh. Yeah.
4412
4413961
441400:41:46,786 --> 00:41:48,527
4415And looking at the other way,...
4416
4417962
441800:41:48,582 --> 00:41:50,230
4419if you start from the Bible,...
4420
4421963
442200:41:50,269 --> 00:41:52,800
4423You only get the beginning of the story.
4424
4425964
442600:41:52,831 --> 00:41:53,441
4427Right.
4428
4429965
443000:41:53,466 --> 00:41:56,331
4431God has given us the ability
4432to read the rocks
4433
4434966
443500:41:56,356 --> 00:41:58,675
4436- and fill in the rest of the story.
4437- Yeah.
4438
4439967
444000:41:58,706 --> 00:42:01,255
4441And we need to, to fully
4442understand the Flood,
4443
4444968
444500:42:01,280 --> 00:42:02,802
4446we start with the Bible.
4447
4448969
444900:42:02,919 --> 00:42:04,231
4450But then we go to the rocks.
4451
4452970
445300:42:04,256 --> 00:42:06,239
4454Speak to the rocks
4455and they shall tell...
4456
4457971
445800:42:06,264 --> 00:42:06,840
4459Right.
4460
4461972
446200:42:06,865 --> 00:42:08,841
4463what has happened in the past.
4464
4465973
446600:42:09,849 --> 00:42:11,278
4467Kurt made a good point.
4468
4469974
447000:42:11,325 --> 00:42:13,769
4471The Bible records historical events...
4472
4473975
447400:42:13,794 --> 00:42:16,671
4475but it doesn't explain how
4476those events happened.
4477
4478976
447900:42:16,812 --> 00:42:19,030
4480That's what these scientists were doing.
4481
4482977
448300:42:19,077 --> 00:42:21,030
4484They were trying to
4485interpret the evidence
4486
4487978
448800:42:21,055 --> 00:42:23,069
4489in the light of biblical history.
4490
4491979
449200:42:23,413 --> 00:42:26,569
4493But Kurt said there was
4494evidence inside the rocks.
4495
4496980
449700:42:26,632 --> 00:42:28,569
4498What was that evidence?
4499
4500981
450100:42:39,503 --> 00:42:41,355
4502I love coming to
4503the Natural History Museums.
4504
4505982
450600:42:41,380 --> 00:42:45,230
4507Uh, uh, for me as a paleontologist,
4508it's like a chance to go to a zoo.
4509
4510983
451100:42:45,308 --> 00:42:48,091
4512That's all the animals that
4513used to live before the Flood.
4514
4515984
451600:42:48,122 --> 00:42:48,677
4517Uh-huh.
4518
4519985
452000:42:48,708 --> 00:42:50,654
4521It's like a chance
4522to step back in time.
4523
4524986
452500:42:50,682 --> 00:42:52,443
4526It is like a zoo,
4527except they are not alive.
4528
4529987
453000:42:52,460 --> 00:42:53,607
4531- They're all dead.
4532- Right, I know.
4533
4534988
453500:42:53,632 --> 00:42:54,505
4536And they don't smell.
4537
4538989
453900:42:54,537 --> 00:42:56,130
4540- So that is pretty good.
4541- Yeah.
4542
4543990
454400:42:56,229 --> 00:42:58,794
4545And, and the Natural History
4546Museum isn't just about...
4547
4548991
454900:42:58,865 --> 00:43:00,583
4550telling us what was there.
4551
4552992
455300:43:00,622 --> 00:43:03,364
4554It's also trying to
4555give us a story line.
4556
4557993
455800:43:03,389 --> 00:43:03,987
4559- Right?
4560- Uh-huh.
4561
4562994
456300:43:04,021 --> 00:43:05,107
4564And we...
4565
4566995
456700:43:05,145 --> 00:43:07,534
4568we got two possibilities,
4569we got these two paradigms
4570
4571996
457200:43:07,559 --> 00:43:10,458
4573between a naturalistic view
4574and a, a biblical view.
4575
4576997
457700:43:10,497 --> 00:43:12,575
4578And all the Natural History
4579Museums in the country,
4580
4581998
458200:43:12,614 --> 00:43:13,848
4583most of them around the world,
4584
4585999
458600:43:13,879 --> 00:43:14,934
4587all give you just...
4588
45891000
459000:43:14,965 --> 00:43:16,678
4591- one of those views.
4592- Uh-huh.
4593
45941001
459500:43:16,703 --> 00:43:20,625
4596Only giving you a naturalistic
4597old Earth view of the world.
4598
45991002
460000:43:20,651 --> 00:43:22,261
4601But the same data,...
4602
46031003
460400:43:22,331 --> 00:43:23,550
4605this dinosaur,
4606
46071004
460800:43:23,581 --> 00:43:25,386
4609is able to be understood
4610
46111005
461200:43:25,432 --> 00:43:27,206
4613in an alternate paradigm.
4614
46151006
461600:43:27,268 --> 00:43:29,847
4617So when I'm thinking about
4618these types of creatures,
4619
46201007
462100:43:29,872 --> 00:43:32,511
4622I'm thinking about a world
4623just right before the Flood.
4624
46251008
462600:43:32,536 --> 00:43:35,034
4627I mean, this is a real picture
4628of a violent world.
4629
46301009
463100:43:35,059 --> 00:43:36,253
4632- Yeah. And...
4633- Yeah.
4634
46351010
463600:43:36,278 --> 00:43:38,634
4637This is why God said:
4638"Behold, the end of all flush".
4639
46401011
464100:43:38,659 --> 00:43:40,249
4642- It wasn't just mankind.
4643- Uh-huh.
4644
46451012
464600:43:40,296 --> 00:43:42,865
4647Man and all the animals
4648on which we rule...
4649
46501013
465100:43:42,900 --> 00:43:45,358
4652- are juged at the time of the Flood.
4653- Uh-huh. Yeah.
4654
46551014
465600:43:45,744 --> 00:43:49,145
4657Well, Marcus, can you kind of
4658give us an overall picture...
4659
46601015
466100:43:49,221 --> 00:43:52,713
4662of the fossils and how
4663all these stuffs fit together?
4664
46651016
466600:43:52,738 --> 00:43:53,392
4667Yeah.
4668
46691017
467000:43:53,424 --> 00:43:55,908
4671Fossils tend to be found
4672in distinct layers where the...
4673
46741018
467500:43:55,939 --> 00:43:58,267
4676very, very large numbers
4677that have been destroyed.
4678
46791019
468000:43:58,322 --> 00:43:59,799
4681Untold billions.
4682
46831020
468400:44:00,049 --> 00:44:01,510
4685And so every time we see
4686
46871021
468800:44:01,549 --> 00:44:03,416
4689a layer of rock that this thick,...
4690
46911022
469200:44:03,478 --> 00:44:06,775
4693we're thinking about an event
4694that probably took minutes...
4695
46961023
469700:44:06,800 --> 00:44:07,907
4698- to, to make. Not...
4699- Hhh.
4700
47011024
470200:44:07,916 --> 00:44:09,174
4703thousands of years.
4704
47051025
470600:44:09,203 --> 00:44:11,166
4707Minutes for just this
4708one package of rocks.
4709
47101026
471100:44:11,191 --> 00:44:12,549
4712Sometimes, even seconds.
4713
47141027
471500:44:12,580 --> 00:44:15,121
4716Now, where these pulses
4717of water from the Flood are...
4718
47191028
472000:44:15,168 --> 00:44:16,809
4721moving over the continents,
4722
47231029
472400:44:16,848 --> 00:44:18,444
4725grabbing ecosystems,
4726
47271030
472800:44:18,469 --> 00:44:22,082
4729or dragging marine ones up
4730from, from deeper in the ocean...
4731
47321031
473300:44:22,123 --> 00:44:23,600
4734and pulling them onto land.
4735
47361032
473700:44:23,632 --> 00:44:25,873
4738And as one gets deposited,
4739and the waves come back,
4740
47411033
474200:44:25,898 --> 00:44:28,709
4743They start pulling and piling
4744additional stuffs on top of that.
4745
47461034
474700:44:28,734 --> 00:44:32,782
4748And it's, it's a graveyard on top
4749of a graveyard on top of a graveyard.
4750
47511035
475200:44:32,900 --> 00:44:35,595
4753It's, it's a sort of thing
4754that speaks to a catastrophe,
4755
47561036
475700:44:35,620 --> 00:44:37,470
4758not the sort of thing
4759where the fossil record
4760
47611037
476200:44:37,494 --> 00:44:38,986
4763is gradually accumulating
4764
47651038
476600:44:39,017 --> 00:44:40,728
4767bone by bone,
4768shell by shell,
4769
47701039
477100:44:40,753 --> 00:44:41,712
4772- little by little,
4773- Uh-huh.
4774
47751040
477600:44:41,736 --> 00:44:43,392
4777over untold eons of time.
4778
47791041
478000:44:43,628 --> 00:44:45,602
4781So you're saying that
4782we have these...
4783
47841042
478500:44:45,627 --> 00:44:48,259
4786uh, marine fossils all over,
4787
47881043
478900:44:48,284 --> 00:44:49,994
4790- even on mountains.
4791- Yes.
4792
47931044
479400:44:50,041 --> 00:44:52,137
4795Yeah, further back over
4796uh, in the Museum,
4797
47981045
479900:44:52,162 --> 00:44:53,957
4800they got sections
4801with things like mosasaurs,
4802
48031046
480400:44:53,981 --> 00:44:56,035
4805- big swimming reptiles.
4806- Hhh.
4807
48081047
480900:44:56,137 --> 00:44:57,973
4810Mosasaurs are globally distributed.
4811
48121048
481300:44:57,998 --> 00:45:00,435
4814And, and they're distributed
4815on continents.
4816
48171049
481800:45:00,460 --> 00:45:02,113
4819So looking at these things,
4820you're saying:
4821
48221050
482300:45:02,138 --> 00:45:03,608
4824what is it that has the power,
4825
48261051
482700:45:03,633 --> 00:45:05,335
4828what is it that has, has a capacity
4829
48301052
483100:45:05,366 --> 00:45:06,677
4832to take the marine world
4833
48341053
483500:45:06,702 --> 00:45:08,787
4836and throw it on top
4837of the continents
4838
48391054
484000:45:08,819 --> 00:45:10,467
4841in such violent and
4842destructive manner.
4843
48441055
484500:45:10,501 --> 00:45:12,581
4846And, and the Flood makes
4847perfect sense with this.
4848
48491056
485000:45:12,628 --> 00:45:14,261
4851When we were in
4852the Grand Canyon,
4853
48541057
485500:45:14,300 --> 00:45:16,667
4856we saw that Great Unconformity.
4857
48581058
485900:45:16,692 --> 00:45:18,464
4860- Yeah.
4861- And there were no fossils
4862
48631059
486400:45:18,496 --> 00:45:20,043
4865to speak of really below that.
4866
48671060
486800:45:20,068 --> 00:45:22,757
4869And then all of the sudden,
4870we start getting a lot.
4871
48721061
487300:45:22,782 --> 00:45:25,612
4874What, what does that say
4875to you as a paleontologist?
4876
48771062
487800:45:25,690 --> 00:45:27,414
4879Well, the Great Unconformity is telling me
4880
48811063
488200:45:27,439 --> 00:45:29,409
4883that there's some sort of
4884massive erosion
4885
48861064
488700:45:29,434 --> 00:45:31,636
4888and sheering that is happening
4889across the continent.
4890
48911065
489200:45:31,667 --> 00:45:34,595
4893And then once we start getting
4894to those nice sedimentary rocks,
4895
48961066
489700:45:34,620 --> 00:45:36,622
4898they have all the wonderful
4899fossils in them.
4900
49011067
490200:45:36,686 --> 00:45:39,816
4903The pattern uh, starts to emerge.
4904
49051068
490600:45:39,841 --> 00:45:43,148
4907The ecosystem that has
4908the first animal tenet
4909
49101069
491100:45:43,173 --> 00:45:44,562
4912shows up very suddenly.
4913
49141070
491500:45:44,601 --> 00:45:46,111
4916In conventional Paleontology,
4917
49181071
491900:45:46,136 --> 00:45:48,189
4920they call this
4921the Cambrianic Explosion.
4922
49231072
492400:45:48,281 --> 00:45:50,593
4925It's the first appearance
4926of a wide diversity
4927
49281073
492900:45:50,624 --> 00:45:52,470
4930of different types
4931of marine animals.
4932
49331074
493400:45:52,501 --> 00:45:54,953
4935All of the sudden, you have
4936this complex and whole ecosystem
4937
49381075
493900:45:54,978 --> 00:45:57,220
4940that shows up,
4941basically, out of nowhere.
4942
49431076
494400:45:57,259 --> 00:45:59,986
4945Now that makes perfect sense from
4946the Creation and Flood perspective
4947
49481077
494900:46:00,017 --> 00:46:02,594
4950because the Flood is about
4951destroying ecosystems.
4952
49531078
495400:46:02,658 --> 00:46:04,181
4955Whereas in the evolutionary view,
4956
49571079
495800:46:04,212 --> 00:46:06,994
4959uh, these ecosystems are
4960going to have to arise
4961
49621080
496300:46:07,033 --> 00:46:08,478
4964a little more gradually
4965
49661081
496700:46:08,517 --> 00:46:10,910
4968as organism diversify evolve
4969
49701082
497100:46:10,935 --> 00:46:13,292
4972and respond to one another
4973in their environment.
4974
49751083
497600:46:13,339 --> 00:46:14,527
4977But that's not what you see.
4978
49791084
498000:46:14,552 --> 00:46:16,089
4981Instead, you see...
4982
49831085
498400:46:16,176 --> 00:46:17,949
4985an explosion of life...
4986
49871086
498800:46:18,074 --> 00:46:19,777
4989that is complex,
4990
49911087
499200:46:19,808 --> 00:46:20,816
4993whole,
4994
49951088
499600:46:20,847 --> 00:46:22,943
4997the ecosystem is integrated
4998with one another.
4999
50001089
500100:46:22,968 --> 00:46:25,357
5002You can see where all
5003the different organisms fit,
5004
50051090
500600:46:25,435 --> 00:46:27,084
5007- Uh-huh.
5008- with respect to one another.
5009
50101091
501100:46:27,124 --> 00:46:30,138
5012And that's just the first
5013time that that happens.
5014
50151092
501600:46:30,318 --> 00:46:32,576
5017Every time you move up
5018in the geological column,
5019
50201093
502100:46:32,607 --> 00:46:34,007
5022in this fossil record,
5023
50241094
502500:46:34,046 --> 00:46:37,132
5026you start seeing snapshots of
5027more and more ecosystems.
5028
50291095
503000:46:37,164 --> 00:46:39,336
5031You got one ecosystem that is destroyed,
5032
50331096
503400:46:39,391 --> 00:46:40,555
5035and then you got another one.
5036
50371097
503800:46:40,573 --> 00:46:42,234
5039It's gotten slightly different creatures,
5040
50411098
504200:46:42,281 --> 00:46:44,305
5043there're different interactions going on.
5044
50451099
504600:46:44,351 --> 00:46:46,242
5047And as the floodwaters
5048move higher and higher,
5049
50501100
505100:46:46,267 --> 00:46:48,158
5052they're getting closer
5053and closer to the shore,
5054
50551101
505600:46:48,216 --> 00:46:50,584
5057destroying more and more
5058organisms in the shoreline,
5059
50601102
506100:46:50,609 --> 00:46:52,921
5062- and eventually up onto land.
5063- Yeah.
5064
50651103
506600:46:53,080 --> 00:46:55,507
5067So I, I think I see
5068what you're saying here.
5069
50701104
507100:46:55,536 --> 00:46:57,499
5072And that is,
5073it's, it's the paradigm
5074
50751105
507600:46:57,539 --> 00:46:59,164
5077that uh, we're all taught,
5078
50791106
508000:46:59,182 --> 00:47:00,749
5081that conventional paradigm...
5082
50831107
508400:47:00,804 --> 00:47:03,421
5085is trying to tell us that
5086the fossil record is...
5087
50881108
508900:47:03,460 --> 00:47:07,465
5090an evolutionary picture
5091of life as it's developing...
5092
50931109
509400:47:07,518 --> 00:47:11,104
5095as oppose to the Genesis
5096paradigm that is saying no,
5097
50981110
509900:47:11,129 --> 00:47:13,503
5100all of that life,
5101all the complexity of life
5102
51031111
510400:47:13,528 --> 00:47:15,019
5105- already was there...
5106- Yeah.
5107
51081112
510900:47:15,044 --> 00:47:18,090
5110and now, we're looking at
5111the graveyard of all that life.
5112
51131113
511400:47:18,115 --> 00:47:19,170
5115Exactly.
5116
51171114
511800:47:19,195 --> 00:47:20,839
5119Well, what are some other data
5120
51211115
512200:47:20,864 --> 00:47:24,245
5123that you're seeing that,
5124that convinces you of this paradigm?
5125
51261116
512700:47:24,272 --> 00:47:27,897
5128Sure. Well, one very curious
5129situation with the fossil record,
5130
51311117
513200:47:27,922 --> 00:47:30,374
5133so if you're thinking
5134vertically about things,
5135
51361118
513700:47:30,400 --> 00:47:32,639
5138it, it's not the hard parts
5139of the animal,
5140
51411119
514200:47:32,699 --> 00:47:34,855
5143but the trackways.
5144
51451120
514600:47:34,903 --> 00:47:36,144
5147They are the footprints.
5148
51491121
515000:47:36,186 --> 00:47:38,808
5151This is a pattern that we see
5152in several different groups,
5153
51541122
515500:47:38,835 --> 00:47:42,245
5156where their footprints are first
5157and body parts are later.
5158
51591123
516000:47:42,277 --> 00:47:43,041
5161Uh-huh.
5162
51631124
516400:47:43,066 --> 00:47:45,525
5165For the trilobites, for the amphibians,
5166for the dinosaurs,
5167
51681125
516900:47:45,550 --> 00:47:48,284
5170the first time I find evidence
5171of them in the fossil record
5172
51731126
517400:47:48,330 --> 00:47:49,644
5175is from trackways,
5176
51771127
517800:47:49,691 --> 00:47:51,511
5179- not hard parts.
5180- Interesting.
5181
51821128
518300:47:51,655 --> 00:47:53,097
5184From an old Earth perspective,
5185
51861129
518700:47:53,122 --> 00:47:56,011
5188that's really weird
5189and hard to grapple with,
5190
51911130
519200:47:56,042 --> 00:47:58,168
5193because you have millions of years...
5194
51951131
519600:47:58,203 --> 00:48:00,135
5197between the trackway production...
5198
51991132
520000:48:00,182 --> 00:48:01,236
5201and ultimately,
5202
52031133
520400:48:01,261 --> 00:48:02,681
5205- the animal that made it.
5206- Uh-huh.
5207
52081134
520900:48:02,706 --> 00:48:05,010
5210But that obviously doesn't
5211make a whole lot of sense.
5212
52131135
521400:48:05,035 --> 00:48:06,877
5215Uh, because if there're trackways,
5216there are animals.
5217
52181136
521900:48:06,894 --> 00:48:09,213
5220And these animals have bones
5221and teeth and shells to them.
5222
52231137
522400:48:09,244 --> 00:48:10,924
5225Why  aren't they fossilized?
5226
52271138
522800:48:10,955 --> 00:48:13,142
5229Instead, the pattern is telling us
5230something different.
5231
52321139
523300:48:13,167 --> 00:48:14,314
5234There's no time...
5235
52361140
523700:48:14,361 --> 00:48:17,064
5238between when somebody leaves a track
5239and when somebody gets buried.
5240
52411141
524200:48:17,111 --> 00:48:19,650
5243But the fact that those
5244trackways are still there,
5245
52461142
524700:48:19,675 --> 00:48:22,001
5248that, that should tell us
5249something as well, shouldn't it?
5250
52511143
525200:48:22,026 --> 00:48:23,760
5253One, it tells us that the deposition
5254
52551144
525600:48:23,785 --> 00:48:26,432
5257or the, the placement of
5258the next layer on top of them
5259
52601145
526100:48:26,463 --> 00:48:28,284
5262had to happen very, very quickly.
5263
52641146
526500:48:28,353 --> 00:48:31,814
5266Because, again, you go on to uh,
5267a beach and you walk in the sand,
5268
52691147
527000:48:31,877 --> 00:48:33,822
5271your trackways are, are destroyed
5272
52731148
527400:48:33,854 --> 00:48:35,564
5275- very, very quickly.
5276- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
5277
52781149
527900:48:35,611 --> 00:48:38,603
5280But the fossil record is showing us
5281something very different from today.
5282
52831150
528400:48:38,659 --> 00:48:40,033
5285This is death in a moment.
5286
52871151
528800:48:40,058 --> 00:48:41,346
5289- Yes.
5290- This is death in an instant.
5291
52921152
529300:48:41,371 --> 00:48:44,203
5294And we're talking about
5295a, a world that was complex,
5296
52971153
529800:48:44,228 --> 00:48:45,635
5299whole, integrated,
5300
53011154
530200:48:45,705 --> 00:48:49,275
5303and the Flood is destroying
5304that world, sequentially,...
5305
53061155
530700:48:49,300 --> 00:48:51,838
5308- and burying it in a vertical fashion.
5309- Uh-huh. Yeah.
5310
53111156
531200:48:51,908 --> 00:48:53,036
5313And so I think,
5314
53151157
531600:48:53,084 --> 00:48:56,029
5317looking at the fossil record
5318as a record of life is...
5319
53201158
532100:48:56,068 --> 00:48:57,263
5322partly correct.
5323
53241159
532500:48:57,318 --> 00:48:58,943
5326But it's not about life development.
5327
53281160
532900:48:58,968 --> 00:49:02,099
5330It's about life attempts
5331to survive an event...
5332
53331161
533400:49:02,138 --> 00:49:04,672
5335that ultimately consumed all of them.
5336
53371162
533800:49:04,771 --> 00:49:06,101
5339Well, that would make sense then,
5340
53411163
534200:49:06,126 --> 00:49:10,766
5343 because, when God was talking
5344about destroying the Earth...
5345
53461164
534700:49:10,791 --> 00:49:11,877
5348uh, with the flood,
5349
53501165
535100:49:11,902 --> 00:49:14,437
5352it wasn't just
5353the destruction of human life,
5354
53551166
535600:49:14,462 --> 00:49:17,019
5357it was the destruction of all life.
5358
53591167
536000:49:17,044 --> 00:49:19,367
5361And so, now the world we live in
5362
53631168
536400:49:19,392 --> 00:49:20,655
5365is, as you said,
5366
53671169
536800:49:20,680 --> 00:49:21,687
5369radically different
5370
53711170
537200:49:21,719 --> 00:49:23,328
5373- than what that was before.
5374- Yeah.
5375
53761171
537700:49:23,359 --> 00:49:25,828
5378When we look at the T-Rex,
5379when we look at the Mosasaur,
5380
53811172
538200:49:25,853 --> 00:49:26,953
5383when we look at...
5384
53851173
538600:49:27,008 --> 00:49:29,219
5387uh, all these animals
5388as ferocious carnivores,
5389
53901174
539100:49:29,244 --> 00:49:30,247
5392and they really are.
5393
53941175
539500:49:30,303 --> 00:49:31,779
5396I mean, they terrify.
5397
53981176
539900:49:31,804 --> 00:49:34,825
5400But that's not what they were
5401initially created to be.
5402
54031177
540400:49:34,872 --> 00:49:36,724
5405And so these sharp teeth,
5406
54071178
540800:49:36,771 --> 00:49:38,217
5409these devastating claws,
5410
54111179
541200:49:38,247 --> 00:49:39,997
5413and the behaviors
5414that go along with them,
5415
54161180
541700:49:40,036 --> 00:49:41,958
5418all seem to be part of the curse.
5419
54201181
542100:49:41,990 --> 00:49:43,287
5422And part of that is genetic.
5423
54241182
542500:49:43,333 --> 00:49:45,966
5426Part of it might also be
5427just thru some modifications.
5428
54291183
543000:49:45,991 --> 00:49:48,068
5431- But, uh, these organisms...
5432- Uh-huh.
5433
54341184
543500:49:48,130 --> 00:49:49,702
5436by the time we see them,
5437
54381185
543900:49:49,741 --> 00:49:51,286
5440and it is important for us to remember
5441
54421186
544300:49:51,312 --> 00:49:52,849
5444when we come to
5445a Natural History Museum,
5446
54471187
544800:49:52,874 --> 00:49:54,959
5449that you're not seeing
5450the world at creation week.
5451
54521188
545300:49:54,984 --> 00:49:55,593
5454Right.
5455
54561189
545700:49:55,624 --> 00:49:56,765
5458You're seeing the world...
5459
54601190
546100:49:56,802 --> 00:49:58,727
5462as it existed in the Flood.
5463
54641191
546500:49:58,797 --> 00:50:01,852
5466And that world was the one
5467that was filled with violence,
5468
54691192
547000:50:01,879 --> 00:50:04,984
5471and was, was a pretty
5472terrible place to live.
5473
54741193
547500:50:05,766 --> 00:50:09,491
5476I realized that the billions of
5477creatures buried in those layers
5478
54791194
548000:50:09,516 --> 00:50:13,031
5481are a silent testimony
5482to God's global judgment.
5483
54841195
548500:50:13,125 --> 00:50:17,445
5486I decided I wanted to see one of
5487those layers of fossils for myself.
5488
54891196
549000:50:17,760 --> 00:50:20,563
5491If dinosaurs died suddenly in the Flood,
5492
54931197
549400:50:20,642 --> 00:50:22,789
5495wouldn't that be obvious?
5496
54971198
549800:50:29,225 --> 00:50:30,811
5499What we're dealing with here,
5500
55011199
550200:50:30,836 --> 00:50:32,866
5503this is in the Lance Formation.
5504
55051200
550600:50:32,912 --> 00:50:37,125
5507This is a "Upper Cretaceous"
5508sedimentary deposit.
5509
55101201
551100:50:37,170 --> 00:50:40,068
5512And what we have here is
5513what's called the bone-beds.
5514
55151202
551600:50:40,093 --> 00:50:42,681
5517It's, it's, an accumulation of bones...
5518
55191203
552000:50:42,728 --> 00:50:44,080
5521that's about a meter thick,
5522
55231204
552400:50:44,109 --> 00:50:45,564
5525a little less than a meter,
5526
55271205
552800:50:45,617 --> 00:50:46,853
5529and in this meter,
5530
55311206
553200:50:46,878 --> 00:50:49,385
5533we find the bones present
5534as a graded bed,
5535
55361207
553700:50:49,416 --> 00:50:52,580
5538with little bones at the top and
5539bigger bones at the bottom.
5540
55411208
554200:50:52,799 --> 00:50:54,275
5543And you can see here,...
5544
55451209
554600:50:54,322 --> 00:50:55,541
5547looks like,...
5548
55491210
555000:50:55,601 --> 00:50:58,002
5551Erline is working on
5552another vertebrate.
5553
55541211
555500:50:58,027 --> 00:51:01,582
5556Here, this is a cervical vertebra
5557of a duckbill dinosaur.
5558
55591212
556000:51:01,613 --> 00:51:03,824
5561This is where the spinal cord goes.
5562
55631213
556400:51:03,849 --> 00:51:05,460
5565- Right there.
5566- Hhh. Uh-huh.
5567
55681214
556900:51:05,499 --> 00:51:08,318
5570When I, when I look at
5571these bones in the quarry, I...
5572
55731215
557400:51:08,428 --> 00:51:10,498
5575I often I think of them as being...
5576
55771216
557800:51:10,545 --> 00:51:12,340
5579- inside the animal alive.
5580- Oh.
5581
55821217
558300:51:12,373 --> 00:51:13,763
5584- And just imagine what is,
5585- Sure.
5586
55871218
558800:51:13,795 --> 00:51:14,939
5589what is like to be...
5590
55911219
559200:51:14,964 --> 00:51:17,154
5593seeing these bones
5594for the first time.
5595
55961220
559700:51:17,337 --> 00:51:19,550
5598So, so this is just full of bones.
5599
56001221
560100:51:19,581 --> 00:51:23,136
5602And, and it's not like we have to go
5603looking for where the bones are.
5604
56051222
560600:51:23,176 --> 00:51:26,214
5607We just have to sit down
5608and start digging.
5609
56101223
561100:51:27,379 --> 00:51:29,792
5612What is mainly different about...
5613
56141224
561500:51:29,827 --> 00:51:31,829
5616the site that you're digging here,
5617
56181225
561900:51:31,860 --> 00:51:33,665
5620as oppose to,
5621what we would say,
5622
56231226
562400:51:33,690 --> 00:51:36,337
5625a general dinosaur dig somewhere?
5626
56271227
562800:51:36,921 --> 00:51:39,634
5629Well, there're, there're dinosaurs
5630found all over the world,
5631
56321228
563300:51:39,665 --> 00:51:42,306
5634but, this particular site is unique,...
5635
56361229
563700:51:42,345 --> 00:51:44,923
5638in there is probably one of the largest
5639
56401230
564100:51:44,978 --> 00:51:47,033
5642collections of bones in the world.
5643
56441231
564500:51:47,133 --> 00:51:49,095
5646And there are the remains of, between,
5647
56481232
564900:51:49,128 --> 00:51:51,871
5650 I would say, between
56515,000 and 10,000 animals,
5652
56531233
565400:51:51,896 --> 00:51:54,183
5655each 20 to 40 feet long,
5656
56571234
565800:51:54,214 --> 00:51:55,746
5659in this, in this deposit.
5660
56611235
566200:51:55,790 --> 00:51:57,185
5663These are big animals,
5664
56651236
566600:51:57,240 --> 00:51:59,091
5667- and there are a lot of them.
5668- Uh-huh.
5669
56701237
567100:51:59,154 --> 00:52:01,739
5672- Let's step back for just a second.
5673- Okay.
5674
56751238
567600:52:01,786 --> 00:52:05,258
5677Okay, so we had,
5678we had a duckbill dinosaur
5679
56801239
568100:52:05,289 --> 00:52:06,524
5682roaming around the Earth.
5683
56841240
568500:52:06,555 --> 00:52:08,139
5686And all of the sudden, it dies.
5687
56881241
568900:52:08,176 --> 00:52:09,796
5690Would it become a fossil?
5691
56921242
569300:52:10,100 --> 00:52:13,843
5694Fossilization requires
5695very special circumstances.
5696
56971243
569800:52:13,868 --> 00:52:15,500
5699Normally, we know,
5700
57011244
570200:52:15,571 --> 00:52:18,407
5703for example,  if a coy...,
5704if a coyote dies on the desert,
5705
57061245
570700:52:18,432 --> 00:52:20,692
5708its, its body is soon gone.
5709
57101246
571100:52:20,754 --> 00:52:23,696
5712Yet these bones are
5713all perfectly preserved.
5714
57151247
571600:52:23,721 --> 00:52:25,672
5717They have never been
5718subjected to the weather,
5719
57201248
572100:52:25,703 --> 00:52:27,391
5722they are just all there,
5723They're...
5724
57251249
572600:52:27,430 --> 00:52:30,500
5727Today, it would be very difficult
5728to imagine how you could do that.
5729
57301250
573100:52:30,549 --> 00:52:33,165
5732To some extent,
5733we would really say that
5734
57351251
573600:52:33,190 --> 00:52:35,221
5737to find a fossil is rare.
5738
57391252
574000:52:35,252 --> 00:52:36,846
5741Eventhough, we have
5742many, many fossils,
5743
57441253
574500:52:36,871 --> 00:52:38,651
5746in terms of things that die,
5747
57481254
574900:52:38,694 --> 00:52:41,080
5750- Right.
5751- it's rare if it'd become fossilized.
5752
57531255
575400:52:41,105 --> 00:52:41,877
5755It is rare.
5756
57571256
575800:52:41,916 --> 00:52:44,432
5759- It requires special circumstances.
5760- Uh-huh.
5761
57621257
576300:52:44,463 --> 00:52:46,745
5764Not, not the least of which
5765is the rapid burial.
5766
57671258
576800:52:46,776 --> 00:52:47,432
5769Hhh.
5770
57711259
577200:52:47,457 --> 00:52:49,842
5773These, these animals had to die...
5774
57751260
577600:52:49,959 --> 00:52:52,826
5777and then their carcasses
5778had to have time to rot.
5779
57801261
578100:52:52,851 --> 00:52:55,686
5782So, we're talking days
5783or weeks or months...
5784
57851262
578600:52:55,732 --> 00:52:59,404
5787during which time, the,
5788the bones and tissues
5789
57901263
579100:52:59,429 --> 00:53:01,853
5792were either eaten away
5793or rotten away.
5794
57951264
579600:53:01,931 --> 00:53:04,126
5797and then the bones or remains
5798
57991265
580000:53:04,160 --> 00:53:07,551
5801were deposited instantaneously
5802in, in this environment.
5803
58041266
580500:53:07,597 --> 00:53:09,386
5806Because they're in a graded bed
5807
58081267
580900:53:09,411 --> 00:53:11,605
5810where big bones at the bottom
5811and little bones at the top.
5812
58131268
581400:53:11,630 --> 00:53:12,761
5815And you can see that here.
5816
58171269
581800:53:12,786 --> 00:53:14,769
5819- The big bones are all down at the bottom.
5820- Uh-huh. Uh-huh.
5821
58221270
582300:53:14,794 --> 00:53:18,214
5824And when they start digging up here,
5825they start to find small bones.
5826
58271271
582800:53:18,254 --> 00:53:22,105
5829So that condition requires
5830a sorting process.
5831
58321272
583300:53:22,136 --> 00:53:25,871
5834It can only take place during
5835a catastrophic emplacement.
5836
58371273
583800:53:25,988 --> 00:53:28,785
5839So when we look at
5840the dinosaur fossils,
5841
58421274
584300:53:28,816 --> 00:53:31,287
5844rather than looking at them
5845from the standpoint
5846
58471275
584800:53:31,312 --> 00:53:33,412
5849that we have early dinosaurs,
5850
58511276
585200:53:33,445 --> 00:53:36,701
5853then middle dinosaurs,
5854and later dinosaurs,
5855
58561277
585700:53:36,869 --> 00:53:38,095
5858you're looking at proof
5859
58601278
586100:53:38,127 --> 00:53:40,650
5862from the perspective
5863that all those dinosaurs
5864
58651279
586600:53:40,674 --> 00:53:41,916
5867were in existence.
5868
58691280
587000:53:41,947 --> 00:53:43,244
5871They were all living,
5872
58731281
587400:53:43,291 --> 00:53:45,720
5875and then there was
5876this huge catastrophe
5877
58781282
587900:53:45,745 --> 00:53:47,193
5880that brought them to an end.
5881
58821283
588300:53:47,248 --> 00:53:49,312
5884The dinosaurs are already dinosaurs
5885
58861284
588700:53:49,337 --> 00:53:51,172
5888when they first,
5889when they first appeared.
5890
58911285
589200:53:51,197 --> 00:53:52,266
5893They looked just like...
5894
58951286
589600:53:52,313 --> 00:53:55,180
5897anyone would sit,
5898think of a dinosaur looked.
5899
59001287
590100:53:55,320 --> 00:53:56,844
5902And this is a conundrum
5903
59041288
590500:53:56,869 --> 00:53:59,555
5906for, for those who believe in
5907the evolution of the dinosaurs.
5908
59091289
591000:53:59,580 --> 00:54:02,931
5911But we hear a lot
5912about transitional forms.
5913
59141290
591500:54:02,973 --> 00:54:05,462
5916What's, what's the real story there?
5917
59181291
591900:54:05,584 --> 00:54:07,937
5920Scientists have been able to...
5921
59221292
592300:54:07,969 --> 00:54:11,249
5924lay out some forms
5925they think are transitional,
5926
59271293
592800:54:11,335 --> 00:54:15,759
5929and some of them are very interesting,
5930some even challenging.
5931
59321294
593300:54:15,876 --> 00:54:18,290
5934But, there are
5935the exceptions to the rule.
5936
59371295
593800:54:18,329 --> 00:54:20,784
5939The rule is there are
5940no transitional fossils.
5941
59421296
594300:54:20,809 --> 00:54:23,581
5944And what we find
5945in the fossil record...
5946
59471297
594800:54:23,644 --> 00:54:27,538
5949and contrary to Darwin's hopes,
5950this is the rule,...
5951
59521298
595300:54:27,598 --> 00:54:30,691
5954is that a form exists
5955in the fossil record,...
5956
59571299
595800:54:30,716 --> 00:54:32,748
5959it basically stays unchanged,
5960
59611300
596200:54:32,773 --> 00:54:34,662
5963and it disappears
5964from the fossil record
5965
59661301
596700:54:34,701 --> 00:54:36,384
5968without him had been changed.
5969
59701302
597100:54:36,460 --> 00:54:39,234
5972That has gotten to mean
5973somethng besides evolution
5974
59751303
597600:54:39,259 --> 00:54:40,644
5977because we don't never see
5978
59791304
598000:54:40,669 --> 00:54:42,752
5981changes from this form into this form
5982
59831305
598400:54:42,777 --> 00:54:45,040
5985in the, in the rocks themselves.
5986
59871306
598800:54:45,228 --> 00:54:47,714
5989So it's coming from somewhere else.
5990
59911307
599200:54:47,753 --> 00:54:51,908
5993It's a, it's a paradigm that is
5994being imposed on the data...
5995
59961308
599700:54:51,943 --> 00:54:53,394
5998rather than the data is...
5999
60001309
600100:54:53,465 --> 00:54:55,472
6002- providing the paradigm.
6003- Uh-huh.
6004
60051310
600600:54:55,576 --> 00:54:58,925
6007So I think it's very easy
6008for me to be a creationist
6009
60101311
601100:54:58,950 --> 00:55:01,105
6012just based on my understanding of...
6013
60141312
601500:55:01,136 --> 00:55:02,964
6016the complexity of life forms.
6017
60181313
601900:55:03,021 --> 00:55:04,707
6020And when we look at
6021the fossil record,
6022
60231314
602400:55:04,740 --> 00:55:07,355
6025we can see the complexity
6026is all there from the beginning
6027
60281315
602900:55:07,371 --> 00:55:09,675
6030- and this, this begs a question of:
6031- Uh-huh.
6032
60331316
603400:55:09,714 --> 00:55:12,154
6035Where did all this complexity come from?
6036
60371317
603800:55:12,216 --> 00:55:13,662
6039It's one thing to have faith.
6040
60411318
604200:55:13,727 --> 00:55:15,383
6043I have faith that God...
6044
60451319
604600:55:15,469 --> 00:55:16,618
6047was a creator,
6048
60491320
605000:55:16,673 --> 00:55:19,374
6051but that's substantiated
6052by what I see around me.
6053
60541321
605500:55:19,406 --> 00:55:20,179
6056Uh-huh.
6057
60581322
605900:55:20,210 --> 00:55:23,334
6060To say I have faith that,
6061that evolution produced this...
6062
60631323
606400:55:23,381 --> 00:55:26,147
6065when I can't even see
6066how it could've happened,
6067
60681324
606900:55:26,257 --> 00:55:27,475
6070that's blind faith.
6071
60721325
607300:55:27,514 --> 00:55:30,327
6074- That's a leap in the dark.
6075- That's a leap in the dark.
6076
60771326
607800:55:31,789 --> 00:55:33,594
6079It seemed that everywhere I looked,
6080
60811327
608200:55:33,649 --> 00:55:35,540
6083there was a growing body of evidence
6084
60851328
608600:55:35,564 --> 00:55:38,422
6087that fits the historical record of Genesis.
6088
60891329
609000:55:38,539 --> 00:55:40,263
6091It wasn't just one thing.
6092
60931330
609400:55:40,329 --> 00:55:43,568
6095It was many things pointing
6096in the same direction.
6097
60981331
609900:55:43,639 --> 00:55:44,722
6100When I was with Art,
6101
61021332
610300:55:44,753 --> 00:55:49,548
6104he told me about some recent discoveries
6105of material inside dinosaur bones.
6106
61071333
610800:55:49,591 --> 00:55:52,851
6109So I traveled to a lab in Arizona
6110to talk to a scientist...
6111
61121334
611300:55:52,913 --> 00:55:55,747
6114who is doing some
6115of that research himself.
6116
61171335
611800:55:59,650 --> 00:56:02,540
6119- This is a fragment of Triceratops horn.
6120- Hhh.
6121
61221336
612300:56:02,579 --> 00:56:04,134
6124Uh, when we pulled it out the ground,
6125
61261337
612700:56:04,159 --> 00:56:05,329
6128it fragmented.
6129
61301338
613100:56:05,361 --> 00:56:07,694
6132And then, of course, we had
6133to continue to fragment it,
6134
61351339
613600:56:07,729 --> 00:56:09,674
6137in order to do analysis of it.
6138
61391340
614000:56:09,728 --> 00:56:11,281
6141Uh, in 2012,
6142
61431341
614400:56:11,321 --> 00:56:14,820
6145the Creationist Research Society
6146sponsored Mark Armitage and I
6147
61481342
614900:56:14,836 --> 00:56:17,875
6150to go to the Hell Creek
6151Formation in Montana,
6152
61531343
615400:56:17,906 --> 00:56:21,336
6155which is very popular place
6156for finding dinosaur bones,
6157
61581344
615900:56:21,397 --> 00:56:23,265
6160and we instead dug out
6161
61621345
616300:56:23,290 --> 00:56:27,394
6164a, almost, four foot long
6165Triceratops brown horn.
6166
61671346
616800:56:27,511 --> 00:56:30,534
6169Now, it's just in crumble pieces now.
6170
61711347
617200:56:30,565 --> 00:56:32,470
6173So we can't really,
6174you know, put it together
6175
61761348
617700:56:32,495 --> 00:56:34,075
6178- and show you a horn.
6179- Uh-huh.
6180
61811349
618200:56:34,106 --> 00:56:36,325
6183But yet, you have
6184to recognize that...
6185
61861350
618700:56:36,388 --> 00:56:38,575
6188pieces susch as this,...
6189
61901351
619100:56:38,685 --> 00:56:41,606
6192we have found tissue...
6193
61941352
619500:56:41,778 --> 00:56:43,318
6196with cells,...
6197
61981353
619900:56:43,372 --> 00:56:45,606
6200- Oh, that's amazing.
6201- And potentially...
6202
62031354
620400:56:45,692 --> 00:56:47,442
6205proteins such as collagen.
6206
62071355
620800:56:47,497 --> 00:56:50,257
6209It's so difficult to understand
6210
62111356
621200:56:50,288 --> 00:56:54,683
6213how you could have this material
6214still in a dinosaur fossil...
6215
62161357
621700:56:54,734 --> 00:56:58,041
6218that is supposed to be 65, 75,
6219
62201358
622100:56:58,066 --> 00:56:59,431
6222- 80 million years of age,
6223- Uh-huh.
6224
62251359
622600:56:59,456 --> 00:57:04,361
6227because tissue, cells,
6228proteins break down.
6229
62301360
623100:57:04,416 --> 00:57:06,238
6232They don't just,
6233they're not concrete.
6234
62351361
623600:57:06,263 --> 00:57:08,825
6237They don't just exist
6238for eons of time.
6239
62401362
624100:57:08,856 --> 00:57:10,419
6242They break down.
6243And, in fact,...
6244
62451363
624600:57:10,474 --> 00:57:12,183
6247they tend to break down
6248fairly quickly,
6249
62501364
625100:57:12,208 --> 00:57:13,617
6252depending upon the conditions.
6253
62541365
625500:57:13,656 --> 00:57:15,624
6256And certainly in Hell Creek,...
6257
62581366
625900:57:15,694 --> 00:57:16,788
6260the conditions would be
6261
62621367
626300:57:16,820 --> 00:57:19,359
6264warmed up, cooled down,
6265warmed up, cooled down.
6266
62671368
626800:57:19,397 --> 00:57:20,849
6269And any biochemist can tell you
6270
62711369
627200:57:20,874 --> 00:57:23,781
6273that is the fastest way
6274to destroy material.
6275
62761370
627700:57:23,843 --> 00:57:26,836
6278It's difficult enough
6279to envision it surviving
6280
62811371
628200:57:26,861 --> 00:57:28,836
6283for 4 or 5000 years.
6284
62851372
628600:57:28,861 --> 00:57:30,494
6287- But, 60 million years?
6288- Hhh.
6289
62901373
629100:57:30,519 --> 00:57:31,484
629270 million years?
6293
62941374
629500:57:31,511 --> 00:57:34,332
6296See, that really becomes
6297very difficult to make
6298
62991375
630000:57:34,341 --> 00:57:37,621
6301any kind of biochemical
6302
63031376
630400:57:37,683 --> 00:57:40,193
6305- basis for how it could have survived.
6306- Uh-huh.
6307
63081377
630900:57:40,276 --> 00:57:43,849
6310Okay, so,
6311once you find a, a,...
6312
63131378
631400:57:43,897 --> 00:57:44,934
6315- a sample like this,
6316- Uh-huh.
6317
63181379
631900:57:44,959 --> 00:57:46,342
6320what do you do next?
6321
63221380
632300:57:46,428 --> 00:57:50,608
6324So, what we do is
6325we soak the fossil material
6326
63271381
632800:57:50,633 --> 00:57:53,766
6329in a solution called E.D.T.A.
6330
63311382
633200:57:53,805 --> 00:57:56,586
6333And what you'll have
6334after dissolving the fossil,
6335
63361383
633700:57:56,617 --> 00:57:57,768
6338the tissuewill be remaining
6339
63401384
634100:57:57,795 --> 00:57:59,921
6342because the EDTA won't
6343dissolve the tissue.
6344
63451385
634600:57:59,961 --> 00:58:02,002
6347- Hhh.
6348- So then I bring this over to...
6349
63501386
635100:58:02,096 --> 00:58:04,299
6352uh, what we call a dissection...
6353
63541387
635500:58:04,339 --> 00:58:06,049
6356- microscope.
6357- Uh-huh.
6358
63591388
636000:58:06,136 --> 00:58:08,654
6361This is, in essence, dissolved...
6362
63631389
636400:58:08,709 --> 00:58:10,834
6365Triceratops horn.
6366
63671390
636800:58:10,912 --> 00:58:12,084
6369Magnified...
6370
63711391
637200:58:12,123 --> 00:58:13,693
6373And so, you can see
6374what it looks like.
6375
63761392
637700:58:13,734 --> 00:58:16,813
6378Just like of little,
6379little pieces of rock.
6380
63811393
638200:58:17,322 --> 00:58:19,608
6383Well, Kevin,
6384what did you find then...
6385
63861394
638700:58:19,647 --> 00:58:22,733
6388uh, when you, when you were
6389looking at the sample
6390
63911395
639200:58:22,772 --> 00:58:25,319
6393and you actually found
6394some, some tissue?
6395
63961396
639700:58:25,467 --> 00:58:27,303
6398Okay, here is what we found.
6399
64001397
640100:58:27,381 --> 00:58:29,787
6402This is actually Triceratops tissue.
6403
64041398
640500:58:29,842 --> 00:58:31,233
6406It's stretchable.
6407
64081399
640900:58:31,303 --> 00:58:32,616
6410It's pliable.
6411
64121400
641300:58:32,670 --> 00:58:34,397
6414- It's not an impression
6415- Hhh.
6416
64171401
641800:58:34,444 --> 00:58:36,999
6419of the soft part of the dinosaur.
6420
64211402
642200:58:37,053 --> 00:58:38,743
6423This is truely soft.
6424
64251403
642600:58:38,768 --> 00:58:39,803
6427It is squishy.
6428
64291404
643000:58:39,828 --> 00:58:41,969
6431It is stretchable.
6432It is tissue.
6433
64341405
643500:58:41,994 --> 00:58:43,225
6436That blows your mind, huh?
6437
64381406
643900:58:43,250 --> 00:58:44,314
6440Absolutely.
6441
64421407
644300:58:44,349 --> 00:58:48,570
6444And if you look at them
6445in the closer magnification,...
6446
64471408
644800:58:49,148 --> 00:58:53,067
6449what we see then, this is using
6450scanning electron microscopy,
6451
64521409
645300:58:53,102 --> 00:58:57,088
6454you can see the extreme
6455detail of the cells.
6456
64571410
645800:58:57,213 --> 00:58:59,274
6459And that picture and this picture,
6460
64611411
646200:58:59,299 --> 00:59:01,417
6463and particularly like,
6464look at this picture...
6465
64661412
646700:59:01,479 --> 00:59:03,262
6468we would not expect,
6469
64701413
647100:59:03,309 --> 00:59:08,051
6472we didn't expect to see such
6473enormous and elaborate detail.
6474
64751414
647600:59:08,129 --> 00:59:10,808
6477I mean, these structures
6478are incredibly small.
6479
64801415
648100:59:10,833 --> 00:59:13,129
6482You know, this is
6483our 20 micron bar here.
6484
64851416
648600:59:13,161 --> 00:59:15,036
6487You see how small
6488these structures are...
6489
64901417
649100:59:15,075 --> 00:59:16,497
6492- still intact.
6493- Yeah.
6494
64951418
649600:59:16,522 --> 00:59:18,974
6497It would take very little
6498to break those.
6499
65001419
650100:59:19,009 --> 00:59:22,198
6502So at best, you would expect
6503that all that would have broken off
6504
65051420
650600:59:22,230 --> 00:59:23,605
6507- and been long gone.
6508- Uh-huh.
6509
65101421
651100:59:23,659 --> 00:59:26,700
6512So, that has, has to have...
6513
65141422
651500:59:26,763 --> 00:59:29,191
6516shaken up the scientific community.
6517
65181423
651900:59:29,230 --> 00:59:31,652
6520What has been
6521the response to all of this?
6522
65231424
652400:59:31,691 --> 00:59:33,427
6525The initial response,
6526
65271425
652800:59:33,458 --> 00:59:36,700
6529when Dr. Schweitzer
6530first published her work,...
6531
65321426
653300:59:36,747 --> 00:59:40,593
6534which is what became
6535very popularized in 2005,
6536
65371427
653800:59:40,624 --> 00:59:42,772
6539it generated a lot of response.
6540
65411428
654200:59:42,866 --> 00:59:46,412
6543And so initially, some of
6544the reaction was rejection.
6545
65461429
654700:59:46,447 --> 00:59:48,055
6548Oh, it's contamination.
6549
65501430
655100:59:48,087 --> 00:59:48,876
6552You know, those,
6553
65541431
655500:59:48,901 --> 00:59:50,470
6556- Oh.
6557- that's not really dinosaur.
6558
65591432
656000:59:50,524 --> 00:59:52,578
6561It's bacteria.
6562
65631433
656400:59:52,626 --> 00:59:55,344
6565Because bacteria can look
6566kind of strange sometimes.
6567
65681434
656900:59:55,376 --> 00:59:59,232
6570So, you have a lot of
6571proposals of what it could be.
6572
65731435
657400:59:59,299 --> 01:00:04,199
6575And to her credit,
6576Dr. Schweitzer did more work.
6577
65781436
657901:00:04,246 --> 01:00:06,028
6580They began to find protein.
6581
65821437
658301:00:06,059 --> 01:00:07,898
6584You break open some of these cells,
6585
65861438
658701:00:07,933 --> 01:00:09,099
6588you look in them
6589
65901439
659101:00:09,124 --> 01:00:12,833
6592at the matrix these cells are
6593attached to and their protein.
6594
65951440
659601:00:12,904 --> 01:00:15,371
6597Okay, so once that is uh,
6598
65991441
660001:00:15,396 --> 01:00:16,951
6601- understood,
6602- Yes.
6603
66041442
660501:00:16,988 --> 01:00:18,417
6606 then, what happens?
6607
66081443
660901:00:18,464 --> 01:00:20,370
6610No, this is shaking it up, I guess.
6611
66121444
661301:00:20,402 --> 01:00:22,714
6614That becomes part of the controversy.
6615
66161445
661701:00:22,739 --> 01:00:25,525
6618Because, clearly,
6619you now face with
6620
66211446
662201:00:25,550 --> 01:00:28,556
6623How could you explain
6624the survival of this?
6625
66261447
662701:00:28,581 --> 01:00:30,527
6628- The pristine survival...
6629- Hhh.
6630
66311448
663201:00:30,552 --> 01:00:31,620
6633of this.
6634
66351449
663601:00:31,667 --> 01:00:33,769
6637Not only for so long,
6638
66391450
664001:00:33,831 --> 01:00:36,323
6641- but in very unpristine condition.
6642- Uh-huh.
6643
66441451
664501:00:36,355 --> 01:00:38,255
6646And so then,
6647the controversy has been,
6648
66491452
665001:00:38,294 --> 01:00:39,454
6651How do you explain it?
6652
66531453
665401:00:39,486 --> 01:00:40,259
6655- Uh-huh.
6656- And...
6657
66581454
665901:00:40,298 --> 01:00:42,843
6660if you read some of the literature,
6661
66621455
666301:00:42,882 --> 01:00:44,913
6664there is almost like desperation of,
6665
66661456
666701:00:44,938 --> 01:00:46,437
6668because they recognize...
6669
66701457
667101:00:46,484 --> 01:00:48,406
6672what the implications of this could be.
6673
66741458
667501:00:48,460 --> 01:00:50,703
6676Now, some people would claim:
6677Well, it means nothing,
6678
66791459
668001:00:50,728 --> 01:00:52,110
6681because we know how old they are,
6682
66831460
668401:00:52,135 --> 01:00:54,189
6685and therefore, it just means
6686it survived somehow.
6687
66881461
668901:00:54,220 --> 01:00:55,296
6690Big deal.
6691
66921462
669301:00:55,321 --> 01:00:57,024
6694But, how do you know
6695how old they are?
6696
66971463
669801:00:57,049 --> 01:00:58,399
6699Would you use methods?
6700
67011464
670201:00:58,424 --> 01:00:59,541
6703Suppose methods of dating.
6704
67051465
670601:00:59,567 --> 01:01:01,331
6707Well, this is a method of dating.
6708
67091466
671001:01:01,532 --> 01:01:03,978
6711The tissue itself can't be discounted
6712
67131467
671401:01:04,009 --> 01:01:05,549
6715- as part of a method of dating.
6716- Hhh.
6717
67181468
671901:01:05,574 --> 01:01:08,396
6720So, why do you say that doesn't count,
6721but this does count?
6722
67231469
672401:01:08,421 --> 01:01:12,240
6725Well, it's all about the paradigm
6726drives your conclusions.
6727
67281470
672901:01:12,265 --> 01:01:13,990
6730The paradigm is,
6731it has to be old,
6732
67331471
673401:01:14,029 --> 01:01:17,906
6735therefore, methods that give us
6736an old fossil are what we choose.
6737
67381472
673901:01:17,931 --> 01:01:20,562
6740Something that doesn't give us
6741an old fossil, like tissue,
6742
67431473
674401:01:20,601 --> 01:01:23,406
6745- we have to reject or explain away.
6746- Uh-huh.
6747
67481474
674901:01:23,453 --> 01:01:27,047
6750At least to me, and I, of course,
6751I'm not a microbiologist, but...
6752
67531475
675401:01:27,140 --> 01:01:29,431
6755I think most people uh, would say:
6756
67571476
675801:01:29,456 --> 01:01:32,470
6759Well, that, that just seems
6760reasonable to think that,
6761
67621477
676301:01:32,495 --> 01:01:34,878
6764maybe, these are not that old.
6765
67661478
676701:01:34,931 --> 01:01:39,167
6768Clearly, this is in violation of
6769the dating process.
6770
67711479
677201:01:39,192 --> 01:01:40,245
6773It challenges...
6774
67751480
677601:01:40,285 --> 01:01:42,160
6777- the entire dating process.
6778- Uh-huh.
6779
67801481
678101:01:42,199 --> 01:01:45,636
6782If the fossils of dinosaurs
6783have been dated incorrectly,
6784
67851482
678601:01:45,661 --> 01:01:48,370
6787which I would say, this is
6788a clear evidence they have,
6789
67901483
679101:01:48,410 --> 01:01:50,632
6792then it's very likely
6793
67941484
679501:01:50,663 --> 01:01:53,835
6796the fossils of any organism
6797had been dated incorrectly.
6798
67991485
680001:01:53,860 --> 01:01:54,889
6801And therefore then,
6802
68031486
680401:01:54,920 --> 01:01:57,358
6805the geological ages
6806themselves are incorrect.
6807
68081487
680901:01:57,389 --> 01:02:00,881
6810What you're saying is that
6811if you pull out the notion of
6812
68131488
681401:02:00,920 --> 01:02:03,711
6815a long period of time,...
6816
68171489
681801:02:03,750 --> 01:02:06,422
6819uh, you're pulling out a major...
6820
68211490
682201:02:06,462 --> 01:02:07,837
6823- foundation...
6824- Hhh.
6825
68261491
682701:02:07,868 --> 01:02:09,472
6828uh, for the conventional paradigm.
6829
68301492
683101:02:09,519 --> 01:02:10,440
6832Absolutely.
6833
68341493
683501:02:10,472 --> 01:02:15,815
6836In fact, time is the critical
6837component for evolution.
6838
68391494
684001:02:15,970 --> 01:02:18,349
6841If you're going to say that...
6842
68431495
684401:02:18,427 --> 01:02:22,896
6845a simple cellular system became
6846a multicellular system,
6847
68481496
684901:02:22,927 --> 01:02:25,190
6850and then became fish,...
6851
68521497
685301:02:25,299 --> 01:02:26,809
6854and the fish then...
6855
68561498
685701:02:26,856 --> 01:02:28,924
6858jumped up on land and grew legs
6859
68601499
686101:02:28,949 --> 01:02:30,504
6862- and started breathing air,
6863- Hhh.
6864
68651500
686601:02:30,543 --> 01:02:32,801
6867and then that creature
6868
68691501
687001:02:32,848 --> 01:02:35,551
6871grew feathers and wings
6872and started flying...
6873
68741502
687501:02:35,635 --> 01:02:37,848
6876So if you give us time,
6877
68781503
687901:02:37,888 --> 01:02:41,317
6880we'll claim to account
6881for all of this...
6882
68831504
688401:02:41,371 --> 01:02:43,940
6885massive change of organisms.
6886
68871505
688801:02:43,965 --> 01:02:46,160
6889But, we got to have the time.
6890
68911506
689201:02:46,723 --> 01:02:50,168
6893Everything seemed to come back
6894to the question of time.
6895
68961507
689701:02:50,285 --> 01:02:51,795
6898I remembered Andrew saying that
6899
69001508
690101:02:51,820 --> 01:02:54,940
6902Charles Darwin accepted
6903the millions of years first,
6904
69051509
690601:02:54,996 --> 01:02:58,193
6907then fit his theory of evolution
6908to that assumption.
6909
69101510
691101:02:58,271 --> 01:03:02,578
6912But why is time such
6913an important element to evolution?
6914
69151511
691601:03:10,782 --> 01:03:12,665
6917Rob Carter is a marine biologist.
6918
69191512
692001:03:12,696 --> 01:03:14,439
6921So we took this scuba diving...
6922
69231513
692401:03:14,478 --> 01:03:17,454
6925to get a glimpse of a world
6926most people don't see.
6927
69281514
692901:03:17,548 --> 01:03:19,689
6930His specialty was coral.
6931
69321515
693301:03:19,814 --> 01:03:22,170
6934And he knew a lot about
6935the incredible creatures
6936
69371516
693801:03:22,205 --> 01:03:25,673
6939that inhabit the reefs
6940around St. Thomas.
6941
69421517
694301:03:25,988 --> 01:03:28,214
6944Oh man, we got the sharks here?
6945
69461518
694701:03:28,261 --> 01:03:29,605
6948The mean in which how they move,
6949
69501519
695101:03:29,630 --> 01:03:31,800
6952and it's almost like effortlessly
6953
69541520
695501:03:31,910 --> 01:03:33,465
6956glide along.
6957
69581521
695901:03:33,472 --> 01:03:34,964
6960I wish I could swim like that.
6961
69621522
696301:03:35,005 --> 01:03:37,128
6964Engineers wish we could
6965make boats like that.
6966
69671523
696801:03:37,153 --> 01:03:37,613
6969Yeah.
6970
69711524
697201:03:37,622 --> 01:03:40,011
6973Submarines that could move
6974as efficiently as a shark,
6975
69761525
697701:03:40,066 --> 01:03:41,709
6978we can't quite do it.
6979
69801526
698101:03:42,154 --> 01:03:44,731
6982So from your perspective
6983as a marine biologist,
6984
69851527
698601:03:44,756 --> 01:03:48,466
6987and I know that you've studied
6988the whole area of ​​genetics alot,...
6989
69901528
699101:03:48,498 --> 01:03:49,256
6992Yes.
6993
69941529
699501:03:49,295 --> 01:03:51,649
6996when people talk about
6997evolution, what is it?
6998
69991530
700001:03:51,674 --> 01:03:53,445
7001How do you define evolution?
7002
70031531
700401:03:53,496 --> 01:03:55,702
7005The word means "change over time".
7006
70071532
700801:03:55,813 --> 01:03:58,508
7009But, I believe in change over time.
7010
70111533
701201:03:58,625 --> 01:03:59,891
7013But I'm not an evolutionist.
7014
70151534
701601:03:59,916 --> 01:04:01,625
7017So how does one figure this out?
7018
70191535
702001:04:01,650 --> 01:04:04,438
7021Really, evolution is a belief...
7022
70231536
702401:04:04,552 --> 01:04:06,797
7025that enough change over time,...
7026
70271537
702801:04:06,872 --> 01:04:08,477
7029over enough time,...
7030
70311538
703201:04:08,549 --> 01:04:11,297
7033can lead to the common ancestry
7034of all species on Earth.
7035
70361539
703701:04:11,322 --> 01:04:11,881
7038Alright.
7039
70401540
704101:04:11,906 --> 01:04:13,608
7042So that's the part I reject.
7043
70441541
704501:04:13,625 --> 01:04:14,695
7046Of course, species change.
7047
70481542
704901:04:14,720 --> 01:04:15,977
7050I mean, look at these sharks here.
7051
70521543
705301:04:16,002 --> 01:04:18,203
7054We have several different
7055species of sharks.
7056
70571544
705801:04:18,253 --> 01:04:19,566
7059When God created,
7060
70611545
706201:04:19,605 --> 01:04:22,355
7063He put in to those organisms the ability
7064
70651546
706601:04:22,386 --> 01:04:23,925
7067to change,
7068to adapt,
7069
70701547
707101:04:23,956 --> 01:04:26,339
7072- to respond dynamically...
7073- Uh-huh.
7074
70751548
707601:04:26,363 --> 01:04:27,660
7077to the environment.
7078
70791549
708001:04:27,730 --> 01:04:29,496
7081But, they're still sharks.
7082
70831550
708401:04:29,566 --> 01:04:31,207
7085And when we look at
7086the fossil record,...
7087
70881551
708901:04:31,270 --> 01:04:33,300
7090- they're still sharks.
7091- Uh-huh.
7092
70931552
709401:04:33,332 --> 01:04:35,660
7095Yeah, people have heard
7096the phrase the "missing link",...
7097
70981553
709901:04:35,691 --> 01:04:37,808
7100and they usually think of
7101between man and monkeys.
7102
71031554
710401:04:37,808 --> 01:04:39,111
7105No, this missing link is between
7106
71071555
710801:04:39,136 --> 01:04:40,941
7109almost every major group of animal,
7110
71111556
711201:04:40,972 --> 01:04:44,044
7113and almost every other major
7114group of animal and plant,
7115
71161557
711701:04:44,069 --> 01:04:47,185
7118and bacteria throughout
7119the entire fossil record.
7120
71211558
712201:04:47,226 --> 01:04:49,021
7123Which indicates very strongly...
7124
71251559
712601:04:49,052 --> 01:04:52,255
7127that these are actually
7128different creations.
7129
71301560
713101:04:52,368 --> 01:04:54,552
7132So we don't get one kind
7133becoming another kind?
7134
71351561
713601:04:54,577 --> 01:04:55,372
7137No.
7138
71391562
714001:04:55,400 --> 01:04:57,788
7141Evolution theory requires that...
7142
71431563
714401:04:57,827 --> 01:05:01,757
7145small, random changes
7146can explain everything we see.
7147
71481564
714901:05:01,805 --> 01:05:03,633
7150- Uh-huh.
7151- But, it can't.
7152
71531565
715401:05:03,754 --> 01:05:04,796
7155And why can't it?
7156
71571566
715801:05:04,821 --> 01:05:07,663
7159Because life is so complex...
7160
71611567
716201:05:07,683 --> 01:05:09,692
7163that small changes can't explain it.
7164
71651568
716601:05:09,734 --> 01:05:12,518
7167Just like you can't take
7168a computer operating system,...
7169
71701569
717101:05:12,543 --> 01:05:13,011
7172Uh-huh.
7173
71741570
717501:05:13,036 --> 01:05:14,675
7176and look at it and say,
7177oh yeah, this is built up
7178
71791571
718001:05:14,706 --> 01:05:16,446
7181- one digit at a time...
7182- Right.
7183
71841572
718501:05:16,471 --> 01:05:18,190
7186over any length of time.
7187
71881573
718901:05:18,221 --> 01:05:20,596
7190No, it took an intelligent
7191person to sit down...
7192
71931574
719401:05:20,667 --> 01:05:22,003
7195and put it together.
7196
71971575
719801:05:22,049 --> 01:05:25,004
7199Well, I can guarantee you
7200as one who is in that world...
7201
72021576
720301:05:25,067 --> 01:05:28,749
7204that if anyone in the area of
7205​​computer science would have said,
7206
72071577
720801:05:28,788 --> 01:05:32,030
7209we just randomly change some things
7210in this operating system,
7211
72121578
721301:05:32,055 --> 01:05:33,069
7214it'll get better.
7215
72161579
721701:05:33,100 --> 01:05:34,544
7218I mean, no one would
7219agree with that.
7220
72211580
722201:05:34,569 --> 01:05:36,694
7223No, we're not gonna get the shark...
7224
72251581
722601:05:36,749 --> 01:05:39,030
7227to evolve into a bird.
7228
72291582
723001:05:39,139 --> 01:05:41,389
7231The, the, the number of changes
7232
72331583
723401:05:41,421 --> 01:05:43,140
7235and the type of changes...
7236
72371584
723801:05:43,202 --> 01:05:45,506
7239- are not something you could do...
7240- Uh-huh.
7241
72421585
724301:05:45,577 --> 01:05:47,756
7244one change at a time.
7245
72461586
724701:05:50,619 --> 01:05:53,005
7248This is a sea urchin.
7249
72501587
725101:05:53,173 --> 01:05:54,200
7252Looks spiny.
7253
72541588
725501:05:54,227 --> 01:05:55,721
7256It's pointy.
7257You have to be careful.
7258
72591589
726001:05:55,758 --> 01:05:57,758
7261- Am I gonna get stuck if I touch it?
7262- No, no, no.
7263
72641590
726501:05:57,805 --> 01:05:58,807
7266It's pointy, but...
7267
72681591
726901:05:58,846 --> 01:06:00,143
7270Oh my goodness,
7271they, they're moving.
7272
72731592
727401:06:00,178 --> 01:06:01,495
7275Yes, they're moving.
7276
72771593
727801:06:01,719 --> 01:06:04,556
7279And then between the spines,
7280there are little tube feet.
7281
72821594
728301:06:04,638 --> 01:06:06,807
7284Especially, in the bottom.
7285
72861595
728701:06:08,314 --> 01:06:09,838
7288Oh, look at that movement.
7289
72901596
729101:06:09,900 --> 01:06:12,152
7292- So he walks with his spines...
7293- Huh.
7294
72951597
729601:06:12,192 --> 01:06:13,871
7297but his little tube feet in here,
7298
72991598
730001:06:13,900 --> 01:06:15,847
7301and that's what he uses
7302to grab on to things...
7303
73041599
730501:06:15,894 --> 01:06:17,582
7306But look, looking carefully...
7307
73081600
730901:06:17,605 --> 01:06:19,723
7310there is one, two, three,
7311four, five, six, seven...
7312
73131601
731401:06:19,754 --> 01:06:23,324
7315there are actually ten
7316radial parts to this animal.
7317
73181602
731901:06:23,449 --> 01:06:24,285
7320Huh!
7321
73221603
732301:06:24,324 --> 01:06:26,293
7324Actually, the starfish is his cousin.
7325
73261604
732701:06:26,339 --> 01:06:27,902
7328Are you seriously?
7329You can't be serious.
7330
73311605
733201:06:27,927 --> 01:06:28,933
7333Absolutely.
7334
73351606
733601:06:28,958 --> 01:06:32,300
7337A starfish here is
7338also an echinoderm.
7339
73401607
734101:06:32,363 --> 01:06:34,254
7342But note, it has five full symmetry...
7343
73441608
734501:06:34,317 --> 01:06:35,887
7346-  instead of 10.
7347- Uh-huh. Yeah.
7348
73491609
735001:06:35,912 --> 01:06:37,292
7351This starfish does.
7352
73531610
735401:06:37,390 --> 01:06:39,201
7355At the bottom, look...
7356
73571611
735801:06:39,530 --> 01:06:42,436
7359we see the spines,
7360we see the tube feet.
7361
73621612
736301:06:42,498 --> 01:06:45,047
7364- His mouth is in the center there.
7365- Huh.
7366
73671613
736801:06:45,336 --> 01:06:47,203
7369So there are some similarities here?
7370
73711614
737201:06:47,234 --> 01:06:48,109
7373- Similarities...
7374- Eventhough,
7375
73761615
737701:06:48,133 --> 01:06:49,561
7378externally, looks a lot different.
7379
73801616
738101:06:49,586 --> 01:06:50,272
7382A lot different...
7383
73841617
738501:06:50,297 --> 01:06:52,016
7386You want to see something
7387that looks a lot different?
7388
73891618
739001:06:52,047 --> 01:06:54,211
7391- Sure.
7392- Which is cousin to the starfish
7393
73941619
739501:06:54,242 --> 01:06:55,459
7396- and sea urchins.
7397- Okay.
7398
73991620
740001:06:55,484 --> 01:06:56,656
7401Alright.
7402
74031621
740401:06:56,686 --> 01:06:57,961
7405It almost looks like a rock.
7406
74071622
740801:06:57,986 --> 01:06:59,959
7409Yes, yes, I got to be careful.
7410
74111623
741201:06:59,990 --> 01:07:01,303
7413He's squirting on me.
7414
74151624
741601:07:01,443 --> 01:07:04,544
7417- This is a sea cucumber.
7418- No.
7419
74201625
742101:07:04,583 --> 01:07:06,411
7422- I'll be...
7423- He has spines.
7424
74251626
742601:07:06,863 --> 01:07:08,458
7427He has...
7428
74291627
743001:07:08,513 --> 01:07:09,631
7431Huh.
7432
74331628
743401:07:09,693 --> 01:07:11,324
7435- tube feet.
7436- Oh my goodness.
7437
74381629
743901:07:11,349 --> 01:07:14,679
7440You'd never know until
7441you study really hard...
7442
74431630
744401:07:14,742 --> 01:07:17,210
7445that this is also an echinoderm.
7446
74471631
744801:07:17,304 --> 01:07:19,117
7449He's not very happy
7450to be out of water
7451
74521632
745301:07:19,156 --> 01:07:20,210
7454- so let me put him back in.
7455- Yeah.
7456
74571633
745801:07:20,249 --> 01:07:21,453
7459So these are all related
7460
74611634
746201:07:21,488 --> 01:07:23,554
7463eventhough, they look
7464very, very different.
7465
74661635
746701:07:23,593 --> 01:07:25,406
7468Related in their creation.
7469
74701636
747101:07:25,431 --> 01:07:27,413
7472- Uh-huh.
7473- Not in an evolutionary sense,
7474
74751637
747601:07:27,460 --> 01:07:29,288
7477but, our Creator...
7478
74791638
748001:07:29,367 --> 01:07:31,398
7481took this phylum of life,...
7482
74831639
748401:07:31,507 --> 01:07:32,898
7485the echinoderms,
7486
74871640
748801:07:33,023 --> 01:07:35,695
7489and created this and this and this
7490
74911641
749201:07:35,734 --> 01:07:36,928
7493on a similar pattern.
7494
74951642
749601:07:36,960 --> 01:07:39,710
7497And that's what we see
7498across the entire realm of life,
7499
75001643
750101:07:39,740 --> 01:07:41,701
7502- Uh-huh.
7503- similarities and differences.
7504
75051644
750601:07:41,828 --> 01:07:44,275
7507So, what makes them different?
7508
75091645
751001:07:44,314 --> 01:07:46,902
7511Well, genetically, they share...
7512
75131646
751401:07:46,948 --> 01:07:49,143
7515most of their genes in common.
7516
75171647
751801:07:49,346 --> 01:07:51,603
7519But, they develop mental genes,
7520
75211648
752201:07:51,635 --> 01:07:53,119
7523they're called Hox genes,
7524
75251649
752601:07:53,150 --> 01:07:54,996
7527that set up these patterns
7528
75291650
753001:07:55,021 --> 01:07:56,330
7531in the animals as they develop.
7532
75331651
753401:07:56,355 --> 01:07:58,213
7535They develop from a single cell.
7536
75371652
753801:07:58,248 --> 01:08:00,838
7539Then in one of them,
7540they set up a five-fold symmetry.
7541
75421653
754301:08:00,885 --> 01:08:02,721
7544in another, they set up
7545a ten-fold symmetry.
7546
75471654
754801:08:02,746 --> 01:08:05,717
7549Another one, they make
7550this long skinny animal.
7551
75521655
755301:08:05,779 --> 01:08:07,873
7554They control the development...
7555
75561656
755701:08:07,912 --> 01:08:10,589
7558of the embryo in these amazing ways.
7559
75601657
756101:08:10,678 --> 01:08:14,086
7562So what you're saying,
7563when we look at this from uh, um,...
7564
75651658
756601:08:14,139 --> 01:08:17,201
7567a molecular or genetic perspective,...
7568
75691659
757001:08:17,303 --> 01:08:22,238
7571uh, what we're finding is
7572really a fascinating design...
7573
75741660
757501:08:22,279 --> 01:08:24,076
7576- in all of this.
7577- Absolutely.
7578
75791661
758001:08:24,201 --> 01:08:27,836
7581But, what we heard in
7582the conventional paradigm,
7583
75841662
758501:08:27,867 --> 01:08:30,086
7586the conventional story tells us...
7587
75881663
758901:08:30,133 --> 01:08:32,772
7590that is those random changes
7591
75921664
759301:08:32,797 --> 01:08:34,764
7594that has brought about all of this.
7595
75961665
759701:08:34,789 --> 01:08:35,447
7598Sure.
7599
76001666
760101:08:35,482 --> 01:08:36,867
7602Back in the eighteen hundreds,
7603
76041667
760501:08:36,898 --> 01:08:38,424
7606- when life was simple,
7607- Uh-huh.
7608
76091668
761001:08:38,449 --> 01:08:40,295
7611when they didn't know what
7612was happening inside the cell,
7613
76141669
761501:08:40,320 --> 01:08:42,383
7616they didn't know
7617how complex genetics was,
7618
76191670
762001:08:42,430 --> 01:08:44,297
7621you could imagine
7622all sorts of things.
7623
76241671
762501:08:44,336 --> 01:08:46,166
7626But now that we know
7627what actually happens
7628
76291672
763001:08:46,174 --> 01:08:47,283
7631- behind the scence,
7632- Hhh.
7633
76341673
763501:08:47,315 --> 01:08:49,008
7636the story gets a lot more complicated.
7637
76381674
763901:08:49,033 --> 01:08:51,316
7640You see, I like to say
7641that the genome...
7642
76431675
764401:08:51,379 --> 01:08:53,160
7645- is four-dimensional.
7646- Hhh.
7647
76481676
764901:08:53,199 --> 01:08:55,808
7650We, we have a one
7651dimensional string called DNA.
7652
76531677
765401:08:55,855 --> 01:08:58,121
7655And if you want to draw that out,
7656
76571678
765801:08:58,176 --> 01:08:59,879
7659you have to write all the letters of DNA,
7660
76611679
766201:08:59,910 --> 01:09:01,629
7663I don't, all three billion of them,
7664
76651680
766601:09:01,691 --> 01:09:03,957
7667and then you have
7668to draw lines or arrows...
7669
76701681
767101:09:03,988 --> 01:09:06,588
7672from one part to anotherpart
7673because this part turns this part off,
7674
76751682
767601:09:06,613 --> 01:09:09,215
7677this part interferes with this,
7678this part enhances this.
7679
76801683
768101:09:09,254 --> 01:09:11,358
7682It is a huge two dimensional
7683interaction network.
7684
76851684
768601:09:11,404 --> 01:09:13,576
7687that's a way you have
7688a two-dimensional genome.
7689
76901685
769101:09:13,615 --> 01:09:14,295
7692Hey, let me, let me
7693
76941686
769501:09:14,326 --> 01:09:15,067
7696- stop you for a second,
7697- Alright.
7698
76991687
770001:09:15,092 --> 01:09:16,787
7701because this is really amazing...
7702
77031688
770401:09:16,834 --> 01:09:18,365
7705to think about this because...
7706
77071689
770801:09:18,412 --> 01:09:21,389
7709um, I think, in terms of
7710a computer program
7711
77121690
771301:09:21,414 --> 01:09:22,676
7714that is fairly static.
7715
77161691
771701:09:22,701 --> 01:09:24,513
7718- I mean, the instructions are there.
7719- Yeah.
7720
77211692
772201:09:24,545 --> 01:09:26,555
7723But, you're talking about a program
7724
77251693
772601:09:26,586 --> 01:09:28,569
7727- that is reprogramming itself.
7728- Oh.
7729
77301694
773101:09:28,594 --> 01:09:30,319
7732That's modifying its own instructions.
7733
77341695
773501:09:30,344 --> 01:09:31,672
7736Wait until you get to fourth dimension.
7737
77381696
773901:09:31,712 --> 01:09:32,766
7740Oh, okay.
7741
77421697
774301:09:32,816 --> 01:09:34,367
7744Because there is a third dimension first.
7745
77461698
774701:09:34,399 --> 01:09:37,573
7748The information in that first dimension,
7749that linear string,...
7750
77511699
775201:09:37,602 --> 01:09:39,727
7753has to be organized in such a way...
7754
77551700
775601:09:39,756 --> 01:09:42,482
7757that when it folds
7758into the third dimension,
7759
77601701
776101:09:42,529 --> 01:09:43,537
7762it still works.
7763
77641702
776501:09:43,572 --> 01:09:44,669
7766Oh, that's amazing.
7767
77681703
776901:09:44,707 --> 01:09:47,005
7770Genes that are used together
7771are next to each other.
7772
77731704
777401:09:47,045 --> 01:09:48,811
7775- In 3D space.
7776- I'll be...
7777
77781705
777901:09:48,857 --> 01:09:52,137
7780Are you saying that once
7781this thing gets folded up,
7782
77831706
778401:09:52,162 --> 01:09:53,560
7785It's almost like we have...
7786
77871707
778801:09:53,615 --> 01:09:55,397
7789- a new set of instructions?
7790- Yes.
7791
77921708
779301:09:55,427 --> 01:09:56,896
7794And new level of information.
7795
77961709
779701:09:56,943 --> 01:09:58,246
7798- Unbelievable.
7799- That...
7800
78011710
780201:09:58,271 --> 01:10:00,373
7803whoever programmed that first level...
7804
78051711
780601:10:00,404 --> 01:10:02,184
7807needed to understand
7808what was gonna happen...
7809
78101712
781101:10:02,209 --> 01:10:03,680
7812have it work in the third level.
7813
78141713
781501:10:03,705 --> 01:10:05,594
7816But, you said there is
7817another dimension even.
7818
78191714
782001:10:05,625 --> 01:10:07,977
7821Oh yeah.
7822The fourth dimension is time.
7823
78241715
782501:10:08,133 --> 01:10:09,352
7826And how does that work?
7827
78281716
782901:10:09,383 --> 01:10:11,219
7830The genome changes shape...
7831
78321717
783301:10:11,313 --> 01:10:12,594
7834over time.
7835
78361718
783701:10:12,633 --> 01:10:15,078
7838Maybe, you eat something
7839that's bad for you...
7840
78411719
784201:10:15,148 --> 01:10:18,322
7843and your liver says,
7844I can get rid of that toxin.
7845
78461720
784701:10:18,347 --> 01:10:22,244
7848Now, the chromosomes in
7849the liver will change shape,
7850
78511721
785201:10:22,547 --> 01:10:25,232
7853expose that new protein gene,
7854
78551722
785601:10:25,295 --> 01:10:27,318
7857make copies of it,...
7858
78591723
786001:10:27,529 --> 01:10:30,997
7861build the brand new protein
7862that can kill off that toxin,...
7863
78641724
786501:10:31,068 --> 01:10:32,419
7866and when it's not needed anymore,
7867
78681725
786901:10:32,451 --> 01:10:34,591
7870- they change shape again and fold back.
7871- Oh my goodness.
7872
78731726
787401:10:34,646 --> 01:10:36,349
7875Dynamic programming.
7876
78771727
787801:10:36,428 --> 01:10:38,537
7879All three levels...
7880
78811728
788201:10:38,591 --> 01:10:41,591
7883 change in the fourth level time.
7884
78851729
788601:10:41,796 --> 01:10:45,237
7887Rob, that's so far beyond
7888anything that we know.
7889
78901730
789101:10:45,262 --> 01:10:47,827
7892Even in our most complex
7893software systems
7894
78951731
789601:10:47,842 --> 01:10:51,280
7897that it, it's almost beyond
7898imagination to think...
7899
79001732
790101:10:51,348 --> 01:10:53,600
7902that someone would look at that
7903
79041733
790501:10:53,625 --> 01:10:55,319
7906and say,
7907it all happened by chance.
7908
79091734
791001:10:55,344 --> 01:10:57,242
7911Yes, and only brings glory to God.
7912
79131735
791401:10:57,274 --> 01:10:58,047
7915It does.
7916
79171736
791801:10:58,078 --> 01:10:59,705
7919You can't build something like that up
7920
79211737
792201:10:59,745 --> 01:11:00,913
7923- one thing at a time.
7924- Yeah.
7925
79261738
792701:11:00,938 --> 01:11:02,909
7928You need it function.
7929
79301739
793101:11:03,018 --> 01:11:06,010
7932In, in all its interlocking
7933four dimensional complexity,
7934
79351740
793601:11:06,049 --> 01:11:07,557
7937it's not something you can do...
7938
79391741
794001:11:07,588 --> 01:11:08,948
7941one letter at a time...
7942
79431742
794401:11:08,987 --> 01:11:10,360
7945- with natural selection.
7946- Uh-huh.
7947
79481743
794901:11:10,385 --> 01:11:11,606
7950It all has to be there.
7951
79521744
795301:11:11,645 --> 01:11:13,285
7954Yeah, in the same way
7955when we talk about
7956
79571745
795801:11:13,317 --> 01:11:15,379
7959the environment down here
7960at the coral reef.
7961
79621746
796301:11:15,442 --> 01:11:18,591
7964If you don't have all these
7965interlocking pieces in that puzzle,
7966
79671747
796801:11:18,653 --> 01:11:20,513
7969you don't have that ecology.
7970
79711748
797201:11:20,538 --> 01:11:22,075
7973The system would come crashing down
7974
79751749
797601:11:22,107 --> 01:11:24,550
7977if you just remove
7978a couple of very important
7979
79801750
798101:11:24,575 --> 01:11:25,607
7982- factors that are there.
7983- Uh-huh.
7984
79851751
798601:11:25,638 --> 01:11:28,279
7987They have to be together
7988or it doesn't happen.
7989
79901752
799101:11:28,363 --> 01:11:31,638
7992So not only do we have
7993this uh, interdependency,
7994
79951753
799601:11:31,678 --> 01:11:34,974
7997this mutualism, so to speak,
7998down at the genetic level,
7999
80001754
800101:11:35,060 --> 01:11:37,617
8002now we even make it
8003more complex by saying,
8004
80051755
800601:11:37,642 --> 01:11:39,687
8007there is that same mutualism...
8008
80091756
801001:11:39,718 --> 01:11:41,439
8011- at the higher level as well.
8012- Yes.
8013
80141757
801501:11:41,464 --> 01:11:44,431
8016In fact, the entire
8017world has mutualism.
8018
80191758
802001:11:44,546 --> 01:11:46,595
8021It's impossible to think...
8022
80231759
802401:11:46,642 --> 01:11:48,924
8025that all of this could have happened...
8026
80271760
802801:11:49,017 --> 01:11:53,083
8029just by a series of slow processes
8030over billions of years.
8031
80321761
803301:11:53,108 --> 01:11:55,532
8034That's exactly what I'm saying.
8035
80361762
803701:11:57,963 --> 01:11:59,924
8038It's clear that the world we live in...
8039
80401763
804101:11:59,971 --> 01:12:02,190
8042is incredibly interdependent.
8043
80441764
804501:12:02,300 --> 01:12:04,675
8046From the smallest biological system...
8047
80481765
804901:12:04,706 --> 01:12:06,963
8050to the largest ecosystem.
8051
80521766
805301:12:07,069 --> 01:12:10,728
8054There are complex mutual
8055relationships everywhere.
8056
80571767
805801:12:10,884 --> 01:12:14,577
8059I realized the creation in six days
8060makes the most sense,
8061
80621768
806301:12:14,602 --> 01:12:16,329
8064from an engineering perspective.
8065
80661769
806701:12:16,411 --> 01:12:18,515
8068You need everything working together
8069
80701770
807101:12:18,561 --> 01:12:20,031
8072at the same time
8073
80741771
807501:12:20,093 --> 01:12:22,466
8076for everything to function properly.
8077
80781772
807901:12:22,561 --> 01:12:26,507
8080And that's exactly how
8081Genesis says, God created it.
8082
80831773
808401:12:26,780 --> 01:12:29,124
8085Rob also said,
8086God created animals
8087
80881774
808901:12:29,149 --> 01:12:30,874
8090 with the ability to change
8091
80921775
809301:12:30,899 --> 01:12:33,171
8094and adapt to their environments.
8095
80961776
809701:12:33,233 --> 01:12:36,182
8098Is it possible, this ability to change...
8099
81001777
810101:12:36,202 --> 01:12:38,835
8102has been mistaken for evolution?
8103
81041778
810501:12:45,811 --> 01:12:47,905
8106As Todd Wood and I
8107walk through the zoo,
8108
81091779
811001:12:47,944 --> 01:12:50,741
8111we saw incredible beauty
8112and amazing design
8113
81141780
811501:12:50,788 --> 01:12:52,053
8116wherever we looked.
8117
81181781
811901:12:52,147 --> 01:12:54,899
8120I noticed the great diversity
8121between some animals,
8122
81231782
812401:12:54,930 --> 01:12:58,571
8125as well as a remarkable
8126similarity of others.
8127
81281783
812901:12:59,704 --> 01:13:01,305
8130As, as a biologist,
8131
81321784
813301:13:01,347 --> 01:13:04,415
8134what do you see when
8135you see all of these creatures?
8136
81371785
813801:13:04,516 --> 01:13:06,040
8139Yeah, when I look at this,...
8140
81411786
814201:13:06,071 --> 01:13:07,602
8143look at these lions,...
8144
81451787
814601:13:07,634 --> 01:13:09,675
8147specifically, I'm seeing cats.
8148
81491788
815001:13:09,706 --> 01:13:13,204
8151And so, and all the other cats
8152they have here at the zoo,
8153
81541789
815501:13:13,235 --> 01:13:15,801
8156they all have this underlining...
8157
81581790
815901:13:15,840 --> 01:13:17,552
8160catness to them...
8161
81621791
816301:13:17,590 --> 01:13:19,155
8164- Hhh.
8165- that's really apparent.
8166
81671792
816801:13:19,201 --> 01:13:23,746
8169It's really apparent when
8170they start playing, right?
8171
81721793
817301:13:23,795 --> 01:13:26,787
8174You see them play with some sort of ball
8175or something and they look...
8176
81771794
817801:13:26,819 --> 01:13:28,965
8179- Look just like a cat.
8180- They look like a cat.
8181
81821795
818301:13:28,991 --> 01:13:32,061
8184You know, scientists would put that
8185to a family called Felidae.
8186
81871796
818801:13:32,123 --> 01:13:34,319
8189And I would understand
8190the felines to be...
8191
81921797
819301:13:34,344 --> 01:13:36,362
8194representatives of a single created kind.
8195
81961798
819701:13:36,387 --> 01:13:37,516
8198So the continuity,
8199
82001799
820101:13:37,541 --> 01:13:40,032
8202the similarity there is so significant...
8203
82041800
820501:13:40,063 --> 01:13:41,235
8206that I'd say, yeah,
8207
82081801
820901:13:41,267 --> 01:13:43,688
8210these guys are all
8211descended from a single...
8212
82131802
821401:13:43,750 --> 01:13:44,938
8215pair of critters...
8216
82171803
821801:13:44,993 --> 01:13:46,524
8219- Hhh.
8220- that was on the ark...
8221
82221804
822301:13:46,563 --> 01:13:50,452
8224and that eventually generated
8225all the different sorts of cats
8226
82271805
822801:13:50,477 --> 01:13:51,625
8229that we have today.
8230
82311806
823201:13:51,665 --> 01:13:55,839
8233So rather than just uh,
8234a, a random accident,...
8235
82361807
823701:13:55,909 --> 01:13:59,587
8238it appears as if all of these
8239different species are coming
8240
82411808
824201:13:59,603 --> 01:14:00,634
8243from a really
8244
82451809
824601:14:00,659 --> 01:14:03,084
8247- elaborate design.
8248- Oh, absolutely.
8249
82501810
825101:14:03,111 --> 01:14:05,152
8252And it's not just the design,
8253like God, you know,
8254
82551811
825601:14:05,177 --> 01:14:06,534
8257designed and created the lion,
8258
82591812
826001:14:06,565 --> 01:14:09,122
8261it's God created something
8262that could make a lion.
8263
82641813
826501:14:09,147 --> 01:14:10,763
8266- Uh-huh.
8267- So it's more like, you know,
8268
82691814
827001:14:10,796 --> 01:14:12,395
8271a multi-purpose tool
8272or a Swiss Army knife,
8273
82741815
827501:14:12,420 --> 01:14:15,388
8276where you got all these pieces that
8277you just pop out whenever you need them,
8278
82791816
828001:14:15,427 --> 01:14:17,013
8281but it's all just one thing.
8282
82831817
828401:14:17,052 --> 01:14:20,231
8285So give me some other
8286examples of created kinds.
8287
82881818
828901:14:20,263 --> 01:14:23,359
8290Yes, so, you got the grizzly
8291and the polar bear.
8292
82931819
829401:14:23,406 --> 01:14:25,375
8295Those are all members
8296of the bear kind.
8297
82981820
829901:14:25,410 --> 01:14:27,935
8300You got ducks, swans and geese.
8301
83021821
830301:14:28,001 --> 01:14:30,271
8304The thing about the dog kind
8305is really interesting.
8306
83071822
830801:14:30,303 --> 01:14:33,326
8309So, you take just
8310this wolf-like creature...
8311
83121823
831301:14:33,389 --> 01:14:36,084
8314and we can breed in only
8315a few hundred years...
8316
83171824
831801:14:36,115 --> 01:14:37,797
8319many different breeds.
8320
83211825
832201:14:37,953 --> 01:14:39,908
8323Well, Todd, that's kind of
8324fascinating now,
8325
83261826
832701:14:39,939 --> 01:14:42,119
8328to think about
8329what God was doing
8330
83311827
833201:14:42,159 --> 01:14:43,604
8333when He was bringing
8334
83351828
833601:14:43,633 --> 01:14:45,494
8337uh, two of every kind.
8338
83391829
834001:14:45,525 --> 01:14:47,032
8341What do you think
8342was going on there?
8343
83441830
834501:14:47,064 --> 01:14:48,400
8346Oh yeah.
8347I mean, He's...
8348
83491831
835001:14:48,533 --> 01:14:52,457
8351He doesn't have to bring
8352every little variety onto the ark.
8353
83541832
835501:14:52,496 --> 01:14:54,473
8356So when you actually
8357do the calculations,
8358
83591833
836001:14:54,504 --> 01:14:55,926
8361and, okay, so we don't know exactly
8362
83631834
836401:14:55,951 --> 01:14:57,795
8365how many created kinds
8366that were on the ark.
8367
83681835
836901:14:57,820 --> 01:14:59,663
8370Maybe, couple thousands,...
8371
83721836
837301:14:59,688 --> 01:15:00,709
8374and they're small.
8375
83761837
837701:15:00,734 --> 01:15:02,312
8378Most animals are quite small.
8379
83801838
838101:15:02,343 --> 01:15:04,132
8382So, you have room to spare.
8383
83841839
838501:15:04,164 --> 01:15:05,656
8386- Literally, room to spare.
8387- Hhh.
8388
83891840
839001:15:05,693 --> 01:15:08,265
8391And all of that diversity
8392that we have today
8393
83941841
839501:15:08,312 --> 01:15:11,101
8396is built in to those two of a kind.
8397
83981842
839901:15:14,311 --> 01:15:16,631
8400Well Todd, we're looking
8401at the zebras and...
8402
84031843
840401:15:16,671 --> 01:15:17,864
8405they're all unique,
8406
84071844
840801:15:17,889 --> 01:15:19,600
8409and yet all of these creatures,
8410
84111845
841201:15:19,631 --> 01:15:23,045
8413there is so much
8414complexity and diversity.
8415
84161846
841701:15:23,084 --> 01:15:25,005
8418How does the standard story,
8419
84201847
842101:15:25,030 --> 01:15:28,092
8422the conventional paradigm,
8423explain all of that?
8424
84251848
842601:15:28,178 --> 01:15:30,225
8427Well, they would use evolution, right?
8428
84291849
843001:15:30,257 --> 01:15:31,188
8431So...
8432
84331850
843401:15:31,227 --> 01:15:32,578
8435Millions of years,
8436
84371851
843801:15:32,617 --> 01:15:34,360
8439random variations,
8440
84411852
844201:15:34,406 --> 01:15:37,196
8443all things that are alive now,
8444
84451853
844601:15:37,329 --> 01:15:39,774
8447that cactus,
8448that zebra,...
8449
84501854
845101:15:39,837 --> 01:15:42,257
8452the grass here, is all related.
8453
84541855
845501:15:42,282 --> 01:15:44,696
8456We all go back to a common
8457ancestor that lived
8458
84591856
846001:15:44,727 --> 01:15:46,243
8461billions of years ago.
8462
84631857
846401:15:46,313 --> 01:15:51,095
8465And through the process of mutation
8466and genetic variation...
8467
84681858
846901:15:51,157 --> 01:15:52,852
8470uh, and natural selection,
8471
84721859
847301:15:52,877 --> 01:15:55,141
8474and that's where we get
8475the stuffs that we have today.
8476
84771860
847801:15:55,368 --> 01:15:57,720
8479So, natural selection...
8480
84811861
848201:15:57,775 --> 01:15:59,406
8483uh, what is it?
8484
84851862
848601:15:59,431 --> 01:16:01,425
8487Does it have the kind of creative
8488
84891863
849001:16:01,459 --> 01:16:03,910
8491potential that we need
8492for all of this?
8493
84941864
849501:16:04,011 --> 01:16:07,205
8496Natural selection uh,
8497is basically all about
8498
84991865
850001:16:07,230 --> 01:16:09,589
8501killing off things that aren't
8502fit for the environment.
8503
85041866
850501:16:09,621 --> 01:16:13,066
8506So, if you're a finch
8507in the Galapagos,...
8508
85091867
851001:16:13,105 --> 01:16:15,175
8511and you have a really tiny beak,...
8512
85131868
851401:16:15,222 --> 01:16:17,238
8515and the only food
8516available to you is really
8517
85181869
851901:16:17,269 --> 01:16:18,947
8520- big hard seeds,...
8521- Uh-huh.
8522
85231870
852401:16:18,972 --> 01:16:20,142
8525you're gonna die.
8526
85271871
852801:16:20,167 --> 01:16:21,863
8529And that's exactly what we observe.
8530
85311872
853201:16:21,902 --> 01:16:23,964
8533And so, we can watch
8534over the generations
8535
85361873
853701:16:24,003 --> 01:16:26,410
8538that the beak sizes
8539of finches change
8540
85411874
854201:16:26,457 --> 01:16:27,691
8543in the Galapagos.
8544
85451875
854601:16:27,746 --> 01:16:29,316
8547But, they're still finches.
8548
85491876
855001:16:29,371 --> 01:16:30,863
8551They're still birds.
8552
85531877
855401:16:30,933 --> 01:16:33,667
8555The notion that natural
8556selection can generate
8557
85581878
855901:16:33,699 --> 01:16:34,916
8560all of the diversity we see,
8561
85621879
856301:16:34,941 --> 01:16:36,527
8564that's not been demonstrated.
8565
85661880
856701:16:36,557 --> 01:16:37,666
8568- Uh-huh.
8569- What we find,
8570
85711881
857201:16:37,691 --> 01:16:39,471
8573most often,
8574with natural selection
8575
85761882
857701:16:39,496 --> 01:16:42,162
8578is that natural selection
8579does a lot of fine tunings.
8580
85811883
858201:16:42,209 --> 01:16:44,490
8583So right over here,
8584we got these oryxes, right?
8585
85861884
858701:16:44,529 --> 01:16:45,951
8588Beautiful creatures,...
8589
85901885
859101:16:45,991 --> 01:16:48,506
8592and very, very pale colors.
8593
85941886
859501:16:48,553 --> 01:16:53,657
8596The wild ranges of the oryx is right on
8597the southern end of Sahara Desert.
8598
85991887
860001:16:53,750 --> 01:16:55,235
8601- And so you can see...
8602- Uh-huh.
8603
86041888
860501:16:55,274 --> 01:16:57,032
8606yeah, their coloration makes sense.
8607
86081889
860901:16:57,063 --> 01:16:58,703
8610If you get a really dark color one
8611
86121890
861301:16:58,735 --> 01:17:00,125
8614that's gonna be very easy for
8615
86161891
861701:17:00,157 --> 01:17:01,524
8618- predators to find,
8619- Uh-huh.
8620
86211892
862201:17:01,555 --> 01:17:04,870
8623and so they end up being
8624these really beautiful light colors.
8625
86261893
862701:17:04,925 --> 01:17:08,253
8628Uh, and that's an example of
8629where selection would take...
8630
86311894
863201:17:08,300 --> 01:17:11,458
8633a variation and turn it
8634into an adaptation.
8635
86361895
863701:17:11,521 --> 01:17:14,333
8638And that brings us back
8639to the notion that...
8640
86411896
864201:17:14,365 --> 01:17:17,154
8643a really exquisite design
8644in the beginning.
8645
86461897
864701:17:17,179 --> 01:17:18,191
8648- Oh, I think so.
8649- It...
8650
86511898
865201:17:18,216 --> 01:17:19,310
8653- Oh, absolutely.
8654- Uh-huh.
8655
86561899
865701:17:19,365 --> 01:17:21,826
8658It has provided these creatures
8659with the ability
8660
86611900
866201:17:21,865 --> 01:17:24,591
8663to survive and to, to change
8664
86651901
866601:17:24,630 --> 01:17:26,257
8667- for their benefit.
8668- Absolutely.
8669
86701902
867101:17:26,296 --> 01:17:29,842
8672So the ability to be able
8673to change your coloration like that,
8674
86751903
867601:17:29,867 --> 01:17:31,492
8677to be able to fit in an environment,
8678
86791904
868001:17:31,554 --> 01:17:34,931
8681that's got to be built into
8682the system before it starts.
8683
86841905
868501:17:34,970 --> 01:17:35,986
8686Now, don't get me wrong.
8687
86881906
868901:17:36,011 --> 01:17:39,267
8690 I mean, that those selections and
8691random variations can do amazing things.
8692
86931907
869401:17:39,306 --> 01:17:41,558
8695I mean, it, it's pretty astonishing...
8696
86971908
869801:17:41,668 --> 01:17:44,230
8699the kind of changes that we can see,...
8700
87011909
870201:17:44,281 --> 01:17:47,222
8703but we don't see one kind
8704changing into another.
8705
87061910
870701:17:47,285 --> 01:17:49,058
8708All we see are variations...
8709
87101911
871101:17:49,098 --> 01:17:51,035
8712- that happened within a created kind.
8713- Uh-huh.
8714
87151912
871601:17:51,068 --> 01:17:53,666
8717There is a felid tree
8718which has all the cats on it.
8719
87201913
872101:17:53,691 --> 01:17:56,097
8722There is a canid tree
8723which has all the dogs on it.
8724
87251914
872601:17:56,128 --> 01:17:58,761
8727There is an ursid tree
8728which has all the bears on it.
8729
87301915
873101:17:58,786 --> 01:18:00,763
8732There is an equid tree
8733with all the horses on it.
8734
87351916
873601:18:00,810 --> 01:18:05,187
8737Each individual created kind then
8738has its own individual tree.
8739
87401917
874101:18:05,218 --> 01:18:08,234
8742So that you end up with
8743something like an orchard or forest.
8744
87451918
874601:18:08,289 --> 01:18:09,546
8747As a scientist,
8748
87491919
875001:18:09,571 --> 01:18:12,648
8751it seems, what you're saying is
8752the Genesis paradigm...
8753
87541920
875501:18:12,687 --> 01:18:15,484
8756answers all of this data better.
8757
87581921
875901:18:15,570 --> 01:18:16,945
8760Ultimately, I think it does,
8761
87621922
876301:18:16,970 --> 01:18:19,976
8764because it embraces both
8765similarity and difference.
8766
87671923
876801:18:20,031 --> 01:18:21,539
8769Now, as we already said,
8770
87711924
877201:18:21,564 --> 01:18:24,962
8773there are just, there are a lot of
8774questions that are still out there.
8775
87761925
877701:18:25,017 --> 01:18:26,025
8778But,...
8779
87801926
878101:18:26,080 --> 01:18:28,471
8782uh, I'm pretty confident,
8783given what...
8784
87851927
878601:18:28,525 --> 01:18:29,953
8787our paradigm can explain,
8788
87891928
879001:18:29,978 --> 01:18:33,339
8791I am very confident that those
8792answers are going to be found.
8793
87941929
879501:18:34,214 --> 01:18:35,775
8796After we left the zebras,
8797
87981930
879901:18:35,800 --> 01:18:37,568
8800we made our way to the gorillas.
8801
88021931
880301:18:37,652 --> 01:18:41,763
8804Todd wanted to talk about
8805the question of human evolution.
8806
88071932
880801:18:42,256 --> 01:18:43,860
8809Todd, we see it all the time,
8810
88111933
881201:18:43,891 --> 01:18:46,212
8813a new discovery,
8814new skulls,...
8815
88161934
881701:18:46,256 --> 01:18:48,008
8818new skeletons that...
8819
88201935
882101:18:48,071 --> 01:18:51,594
8822supposedly solidify this whole link.
8823
88241936
882501:18:51,667 --> 01:18:53,393
8826- Yeah.
8827- What do you see there?
8828
88291937
883001:18:53,432 --> 01:18:56,260
8831Absolutely. Well, I got some
8832right here in my bag.
8833
88341938
883501:18:57,284 --> 01:18:58,354
8836Oh, a skull.
8837
88381939
883901:18:58,379 --> 01:19:00,143
8840So, this guy...
8841
88421940
884301:19:00,550 --> 01:19:03,346
8844is a Neandertal.
8845
88461941
884701:19:03,550 --> 01:19:05,357
8848Very, very low forehead.
8849
88501942
885101:19:05,404 --> 01:19:07,631
8852- To we have very tall foreheads.
8853- Uh-huh.
8854
88551943
885601:19:07,693 --> 01:19:09,521
8857Uh, the face,
8858
88591944
886001:19:09,576 --> 01:19:11,724
8861the mid-face has been pulled out.
8862
88631945
886401:19:11,779 --> 01:19:14,130
8865- Uh-huh.
8866- Uh, but at the same time,...
8867
88681946
886901:19:14,217 --> 01:19:15,950
8870well, it looks very human.
8871
88721947
887301:19:16,005 --> 01:19:17,044
8874- So that's the Neandertal.
8875- Okay.
8876
88771948
887801:19:17,069 --> 01:19:18,044
8879- You want to hold it on for me?
8880- Yeah, yeah.
8881
88821949
888301:19:18,075 --> 01:19:18,904
8884Okay?
8885
88861950
888701:19:18,966 --> 01:19:20,950
8888We have others
8889that are very different.
8890
88911951
889201:19:20,998 --> 01:19:22,247
8893Oh, yeah.
8894
88951952
889601:19:22,287 --> 01:19:24,428
8897Now, this one is...
8898
88991953
890001:19:24,513 --> 01:19:26,419
8901Australopithecus Africanus.
8902
89031954
890401:19:26,458 --> 01:19:27,733
8905So, you can see,...
8906
89071955
890801:19:27,781 --> 01:19:29,685
8909really no forehead at all.
8910
89111956
891201:19:29,710 --> 01:19:31,279
8913- It's just slopes right back.
8914- Uh-huh.
8915
89161957
891701:19:31,304 --> 01:19:33,718
8918Very, very small brain case,...
8919
89201958
892101:19:33,781 --> 01:19:36,336
8922uh, muscle sticks way out,...
8923
89241959
892501:19:36,413 --> 01:19:39,532
8926so the flace faces slope forward.
8927
89281960
892901:19:39,784 --> 01:19:41,446
8930What do you do with this stuff?
8931
89321961
893301:19:41,485 --> 01:19:43,239
8934I mean, there is many more
8935that we can show,
8936
89371962
893801:19:43,270 --> 01:19:44,880
8939many more pictures,
8940many more skulls,
8941
89421963
894301:19:44,911 --> 01:19:46,329
8944and you can see looking at the...
8945
89461964
894701:19:46,354 --> 01:19:48,704
8948- Bringing them together, they're really...
8949- Yeah. Uh-huh.
8950
89511965
895201:19:49,090 --> 01:19:51,067
8953- There is a lot of difference there.
8954- Yeah.
8955
89561966
895701:19:51,137 --> 01:19:52,541
8958Well, here's the thing.
8959
89601967
896101:19:52,576 --> 01:19:55,252
8962So all that created kind stuffs
8963that we already talked about,
8964
89651968
896601:19:55,287 --> 01:19:56,842
8967I can show...
8968
89691969
897001:19:56,889 --> 01:20:00,100
8971again and again and again
8972with multiple studies...
8973
89741970
897501:20:00,180 --> 01:20:03,758
8976that I can find the discontinuity
8977between humans...
8978
89791971
898001:20:03,821 --> 01:20:05,587
8981and nonhumans.
8982
89831972
898401:20:05,633 --> 01:20:07,899
8985So this thing lands
8986on the human side.
8987
89881973
898901:20:07,926 --> 01:20:11,526
8990This Neandertal here is one of us.
8991
89921974
899301:20:11,643 --> 01:20:13,666
8994- This thing is not.
8995- Hhh.
8996
89971975
899801:20:13,697 --> 01:20:14,838
8999It is different.
9000
90011976
900201:20:14,877 --> 01:20:17,098
9003But, this would be just
9004another one of those...
9005
90061977
900701:20:17,137 --> 01:20:20,527
9008varieties of living things that
9009God made in the beginning
9010
90111978
901201:20:20,559 --> 01:20:22,817
9013and it survive the flood
9014and board the ark.
9015
90161979
901701:20:22,856 --> 01:20:26,467
9018So when we look at uh,
9019Neanderthal man,...
9020
90211980
902201:20:26,624 --> 01:20:29,952
9023uh, we're looking at a, a human,...
9024
90251981
902601:20:30,085 --> 01:20:33,592
9027uh, but it's a human that
9028just like we find in dogs,
9029
90301982
903101:20:33,631 --> 01:20:36,295
9032we have a lot of
9033varieties of, of dogs...
9034
90351983
903601:20:36,335 --> 01:20:38,126
9037We got a lot of varieties of people.
9038
90391984
904001:20:38,181 --> 01:20:39,915
9041So even looking back here at the gorilla,
9042
90431985
904401:20:39,939 --> 01:20:40,946
9045we can see...
9046
90471986
904801:20:40,985 --> 01:20:43,252
9049the obvious differences
9050between us and him.
9051
90521987
905301:20:43,287 --> 01:20:45,142
9054Not the least of which is
9055that he's in there...
9056
90571988
905801:20:45,167 --> 01:20:47,114
9059and we, we can go home
9060when we're done.
9061
90621989
906301:20:47,177 --> 01:20:50,833
9064And so those differences
9065are really huge, aren't they?
9066
90671990
906801:20:50,880 --> 01:20:52,607
9069Uh, yeah, absolutely.
9070
90711991
907201:20:52,653 --> 01:20:53,966
9073The image of God...
9074
90751992
907601:20:54,029 --> 01:20:56,317
9077entails this idea of...
9078
90791993
908001:20:56,380 --> 01:20:58,724
9081being God's representatives
9082here on this Earth.
9083
90841994
908501:20:58,763 --> 01:21:01,825
9086Part of that, there is having
9087dominion and having authority.
9088
90891995
909001:21:01,864 --> 01:21:03,817
9091A spiritual quality
9092that we have, you know,
9093
90941996
909501:21:03,888 --> 01:21:05,452
9096- that we don't share...
9097- Uh-huh.
9098
90991997
910001:21:05,484 --> 01:21:07,444
9101- with animals like that.
9102- Yeah.
9103
91041998
910501:21:08,527 --> 01:21:11,114
9106It's obvious we're different
9107from the rest of creation.
9108
91091999
911001:21:11,163 --> 01:21:13,372
9111Because we were made in God's image.
9112
91132000
911401:21:13,431 --> 01:21:15,251
9115We're the only ones to create zoos.
9116
91172001
911801:21:15,290 --> 01:21:17,751
9119So, we can see the beauty
9120of God's animals.
9121
91222002
912301:21:17,790 --> 01:21:20,024
9124And we're unique in tracking time
9125
91262003
912701:21:20,049 --> 01:21:22,356
9128and want to know our own history.
9129
91302004
913101:21:22,459 --> 01:21:25,903
9132But, where does our concept
9133of time come from?
9134
91352005
913601:21:38,058 --> 01:21:39,925
9137It was a beautiful night.
9138
91392006
914001:21:40,003 --> 01:21:41,893
9141Danny took me far outside the city.
9142
91432007
914401:21:41,924 --> 01:21:43,268
9145And kept me up very late
9146
91472008
914801:21:43,300 --> 01:21:46,729
9149in order to show something
9150I will never forget.
9151
91522009
915301:21:48,636 --> 01:21:49,925
9154Oh my goodness!
9155
91562010
915701:21:49,956 --> 01:21:52,699
9158Now you're gonna
9159make me buy a telescope.
9160
91612011
916201:21:54,455 --> 01:21:57,011
9163You know, we have some purposes
9164that were given from the stars.
9165
91662012
916701:21:57,058 --> 01:22:00,360
9168In, in Genesis 1:14 to 19,
9169that's day 4...
9170
91712013
917201:22:00,391 --> 01:22:03,159
9173uh, creation calendar, mentions
9174the stars and other heavenly bodies
9175
91762014
917701:22:03,190 --> 01:22:04,214
9178- that mark time,
9179- Hhh.
9180
91812015
918201:22:04,249 --> 01:22:06,071
9183to rule over the night,
9184to be for sign,
9185
91862016
918701:22:06,103 --> 01:22:08,033
9188seasons, festivals and so forth.
9189
91902017
919101:22:08,079 --> 01:22:10,079
9192Uh, people have been using the stars
9193
91942018
919501:22:10,119 --> 01:22:12,728
9196- for, for marking, passing of time.
9197- Uh-huh.
9198
91992019
920001:22:12,753 --> 01:22:14,556
9201The patterns repeat every night.
9202
92032020
920401:22:14,581 --> 01:22:15,728
9205They repeated every year.
9206
92072021
920801:22:15,753 --> 01:22:17,071
9209They, they come back.
9210
92112022
921201:22:17,095 --> 01:22:18,204
9213And the season,
9214
92152023
921601:22:18,229 --> 01:22:20,610
9217- it's a lot of regularity going on here.
9218- Uh-huh.
9219
92202024
922101:22:20,673 --> 01:22:23,329
9222Uh, what about the design
9223of the sun and the moon?
9224
92252025
922601:22:23,354 --> 01:22:24,845
9227Well, there're a couple of things
9228I can talk about.
9229
92302026
923101:22:24,899 --> 01:22:28,229
9232On rare occasions, the, the moon
9233passes between us and our sun.
9234
92352027
923601:22:28,254 --> 01:22:29,760
9237- Uh-huh.
9238- Doesn't happen very often.
9239
92402028
924101:22:29,792 --> 01:22:31,174
9242And when that happens,
9243
92442029
924501:22:31,199 --> 01:22:33,629
9246the, the moon just barely
9247covers the sun up.
9248
92492030
925001:22:33,654 --> 01:22:36,518
9251If the moon were a little smaller
9252or little farther away,
9253
92542031
925501:22:36,557 --> 01:22:38,075
9256it wouldn't do it at all.
9257
92582032
925901:22:38,113 --> 01:22:40,629
9260If it were larger or closer to us,
9261
92622033
926301:22:40,668 --> 01:22:42,504
9264it would be grossly over total.
9265
92662034
926701:22:42,536 --> 01:22:43,551
9268- Uh-huh.
9269- And uh,
9270
92712035
927201:22:43,591 --> 01:22:46,479
9273So these eclipses are,
9274are spectacular and rare,
9275
92762036
927701:22:46,504 --> 01:22:49,192
9278and this is the only planet
9279on which it matters.
9280
92812037
928201:22:49,226 --> 01:22:51,390
9283And it's the only planet
9284on which it happens.
9285
92862038
928701:22:51,429 --> 01:22:54,861
9288And you got to think either just
9289that's the way the world is,...
9290
92912039
929201:22:54,892 --> 01:22:56,642
9293for no apparent reason,...
9294
92952040
929601:22:56,677 --> 01:22:59,689
9297or the world is that way
9298for a purpose and design.
9299
93002041
930101:22:59,721 --> 01:23:01,853
9302And to me,
9303that speaks of creation.
9304
93052042
930601:23:02,270 --> 01:23:03,512
9307Okay, high over head here,
9308
93092043
931001:23:03,537 --> 01:23:05,176
9311we have the great square of Pegasus.
9312
93132044
931401:23:05,201 --> 01:23:06,817
9315it is this big regtangle.
9316
93172045
931801:23:06,842 --> 01:23:10,250
9319Now coming off of Pegasus is
9320a little fuzzy spot right there.
9321
93222046
932301:23:10,280 --> 01:23:11,304
9324- You see it?
9325- Yeah.
9326
93272047
932801:23:11,329 --> 01:23:12,954
9329That's the Andromeda Galaxy.
9330
93312048
933201:23:13,039 --> 01:23:16,719
9333That is the most distant object
9334that you can see with the naked eye.
9335
93362049
933701:23:16,750 --> 01:23:18,452
9338It's a little over,
9339we think, a little over
9340
93412050
934201:23:18,477 --> 01:23:19,735
9343two million light years away,
9344
93452051
934601:23:19,766 --> 01:23:21,735
9347and it contains a couple
9348hundred billion stars.
9349
93502052
935101:23:21,774 --> 01:23:22,501
9352Wow.
9353
93542053
935501:23:22,526 --> 01:23:24,366
9356Okay, Danny,
9357that brings me to...
9358
93592054
936001:23:24,397 --> 01:23:27,546
9361a big question, a big question
9362in a lot of people's minds.
9363
93642055
936501:23:27,593 --> 01:23:30,822
9366If we have stars
9367that are that far away,
9368
93692056
937001:23:30,847 --> 01:23:32,999
9371million of light years away,
9372
93732057
937401:23:33,132 --> 01:23:35,452
9375and if the Earth is young,
9376
93772058
937801:23:35,515 --> 01:23:37,281
9379as we believe,
9380
93812059
938201:23:37,384 --> 01:23:40,740
9383then how in the world
9384can the starlight be here?
9385
93862060
938701:23:40,765 --> 01:23:41,413
9388Yeah.
9389
93902061
939101:23:41,438 --> 01:23:44,186
9392We call this the, the light
9393travel time problem.
9394
93952062
939601:23:44,241 --> 01:23:47,061
9397And I'll try to phrase it for you
9398little, little differently.
9399
94002063
940101:23:47,108 --> 01:23:50,819
9402Uh, we believe that if creation is
9403only thousands of years old,
9404
94052064
940601:23:50,882 --> 01:23:53,140
9407uh, say 6,000 years,
94087,000 years,
9409
94102065
941101:23:53,165 --> 01:23:54,429
9412- something like that.
9413- Uh-huh.
9414
94152066
941601:23:54,454 --> 01:23:56,032
9417And I just pointed out
9418something to you
9419
94202067
942101:23:56,057 --> 01:23:58,291
9422that we think, it's 2 million
9423light years away from us.
9424
94252068
942601:23:58,361 --> 01:24:00,572
9427I think those distances
9428are reasonably correct.
9429
94302069
943101:24:00,618 --> 01:24:03,065
9432And uh, we creationists
9433need to answer this question.
9434
94352070
943601:24:03,097 --> 01:24:06,761
9437And we've offered several
9438different solutions to that.
9439
94402071
944101:24:06,801 --> 01:24:09,589
9442- I'll discuss with you my solution...
9443- OK.
9444
94452072
944601:24:09,628 --> 01:24:10,667
9447on this.
9448
94492073
945001:24:10,701 --> 01:24:13,121
9451Several, several things jump out
9452at me in the creation account.
9453
94542074
945501:24:13,128 --> 01:24:15,679
9456One, there are a lot
9457of process going on,
9458
94592075
946001:24:15,704 --> 01:24:18,242
9461very rapid process, but still process.
9462
94632076
946401:24:18,279 --> 01:24:19,834
9465Uh, if you look at
9466the day 3 account,
9467
94682077
946901:24:19,861 --> 01:24:22,246
9470it talks about plants,
9471rising up above the ground.
9472
94732078
947401:24:22,271 --> 01:24:24,819
9475It says, let the Earth
9476bring forth these plants,
9477
94782079
947901:24:24,844 --> 01:24:26,174
9480and the Earth brought forth.
9481
94822080
948301:24:26,213 --> 01:24:27,998
9484I think if you would have been there,
9485it would have looked like
9486
94872081
948801:24:28,023 --> 01:24:29,815
9489- a time lapse movie.
9490- Hhh.
9491
94922082
949301:24:29,846 --> 01:24:31,893
9494Growth might take normally decades,
9495
94962083
949701:24:31,940 --> 01:24:35,604
9498taking place in a matter of minutes
9499or hours at the most.
9500
95012084
950201:24:35,663 --> 01:24:36,911
9503Uh, normal growth,...
9504
95052085
950601:24:36,958 --> 01:24:39,278
9507- abnormally fast.
9508- Hhh.
9509
95102086
951101:24:39,372 --> 01:24:40,676
9512I believe, you can interpret...
9513
95142087
951501:24:40,701 --> 01:24:42,927
9516one day of creation
9517in terms of another day.
9518
95192088
952001:24:42,958 --> 01:24:44,583
9521So I turn to the day 4 account,
9522
95232089
952401:24:44,608 --> 01:24:46,130
9525not much information is given there.
9526
95272090
952801:24:46,155 --> 01:24:49,012
9529But I think, God also
9530rapidly made the stars
9531
95322091
953301:24:49,044 --> 01:24:50,669
9534and other astronomical bodies.
9535
95362092
953701:24:50,700 --> 01:24:54,333
9538And then, in order for them
9539to fulfill their function to be seen,
9540
95412093
954201:24:54,360 --> 01:24:56,598
9543He had to rapidly
9544bring forth that light.
9545
95462094
954701:24:56,625 --> 01:24:59,176
9548Just as He brought plants
9549and matured quickly,
9550
95512095
955201:24:59,229 --> 01:25:01,190
9553- He had to bring light here.
9554- Uh-huh.
9555
95562096
955701:25:01,229 --> 01:25:03,682
9558I'm suggesting when we
9559actually look at these objects,
9560
95612097
956201:25:03,707 --> 01:25:06,232
9563like the Andromeda galaxy
9564we saw a few minutes ago,
9565
95662098
956701:25:06,272 --> 01:25:09,379
9568we're looking at light
9569that actually left that object.
9570
95712099
957201:25:09,404 --> 01:25:10,044
9573Yes.
9574
95752100
957601:25:10,075 --> 01:25:11,576
9577So I think, there is rapid maturing
9578
95792101
958001:25:11,601 --> 01:25:12,788
9581- took place.
9582- Yeah.
9583
95842102
958501:25:12,920 --> 01:25:16,138
9586Danny, are there some
9587other things that you see
9588
95892103
959001:25:16,163 --> 01:25:19,654
9591that would point to
9592a young universe?
9593
95942104
959501:25:19,689 --> 01:25:20,800
9596I think so.
9597
95982105
959901:25:20,839 --> 01:25:22,786
9600For instance, uh, spiral galaxies.
9601
96022106
960301:25:22,811 --> 01:25:24,693
9604So, Andromeda Galaxy,
9605we talked about,
9606
96072107
960801:25:24,724 --> 01:25:25,925
9609- is a spiral galaxy.
9610- Uh-huh.
9611
96122108
961301:25:25,950 --> 01:25:27,122
9614Our own is.
9615
96162109
961701:25:27,162 --> 01:25:30,396
9618And the inside of the galaxies
9619should spin faster
9620
96212110
962201:25:30,421 --> 01:25:31,755
9623than the outside of the galaxies.
9624
96252111
962601:25:31,794 --> 01:25:33,419
9627So after few rotations,
9628
96292112
963001:25:33,490 --> 01:25:35,904
9631you ought to wind up or smear out.
9632
96332113
963401:25:35,942 --> 01:25:37,107
9635Those, those spiral patterns,
9636
96372114
963801:25:37,138 --> 01:25:39,507
9639they ought to disappear
9640after few rotations.
9641
96422115
964301:25:39,548 --> 01:25:42,060
9644Now, most astronomers think
9645that the spiral galaxies are
9646
96472116
964801:25:42,099 --> 01:25:43,177
964910 billion years old.
9650
96512117
965201:25:43,216 --> 01:25:45,730
9653So, why do we still see
9654spiral patterns?
9655
96562118
965701:25:45,755 --> 01:25:47,154
9658- You shouldn't see those.
9659- Right.
9660
96612119
966201:25:47,193 --> 01:25:49,412
9663And it has been long
9664recognized this is problem.
9665
96662120
966701:25:49,443 --> 01:25:51,240
9668But also, if we look at the um,
9669
96702121
967101:25:51,265 --> 01:25:53,677
9672the outer planets of the solar
9673system, the gas giants,
9674
96752122
967601:25:53,701 --> 01:25:54,803
9677they all have rings.
9678
96792123
968001:25:54,845 --> 01:25:57,638
9681And we also know that
9682these things are changing.
9683
96842124
968501:25:57,663 --> 01:25:58,794
9686They're wiping out.
9687
96882125
968901:25:58,833 --> 01:26:02,203
9690They've actually documented changes that
9691have taken place within the ring system.
9692
96932126
969401:26:02,228 --> 01:26:06,110
9695You have all these gravitational tugs
9696from the other satellites, orbiting around.
9697
96982127
969901:26:06,153 --> 01:26:08,928
9700So these ring systems are fairly young.
9701
97022128
970301:26:08,960 --> 01:26:10,725
9704Doesn't prove that
9705the solar system is young,
9706
97072129
970801:26:10,750 --> 01:26:12,686
9709but it proves that these
9710ring systems are young.
9711
97122130
971301:26:12,711 --> 01:26:14,225
9714- Uh-huh.
9715- And that's interesting.
9716
97172131
971801:26:14,296 --> 01:26:16,132
9719Well, you mentioned a, a lot of...
9720
97212132
972201:26:16,163 --> 01:26:19,210
9723theories about the spirals
9724and, and so forth,...
9725
97262133
972701:26:19,249 --> 01:26:20,983
9728uh, that brings us to...
9729
97302134
973101:26:21,022 --> 01:26:23,413
9732what most people see as the big theory,
9733
97342135
973501:26:23,460 --> 01:26:25,997
9736- concerning cosmology and the universe,
9737- Uh-huh.
9738
97392136
974001:26:26,015 --> 01:26:27,554
9741and that the Big Bang.
9742
97432137
974401:26:27,608 --> 01:26:29,250
9745Uh, how do you see that?
9746
97472138
974801:26:29,275 --> 01:26:31,219
9749Is it holding up over time?
9750
97512139
975201:26:31,244 --> 01:26:32,250
9753I don't think so.
9754
97552140
975601:26:32,275 --> 01:26:34,681
9757I think it's, it's getting
9758some problems.
9759
97602141
976101:26:34,728 --> 01:26:36,189
9762- Hhh.
9763- So much so that
9764
97652142
976601:26:36,214 --> 01:26:37,668
9767more than a dozen years ago,
9768
97692143
977001:26:37,693 --> 01:26:39,103
9771I think, in New Scientist Magazine,
9772
97732144
977401:26:39,128 --> 01:26:41,697
9775there was an open letter,
9776protesting the Big Bang theory.
9777
97782145
977901:26:41,728 --> 01:26:43,847
9780And it has hundreds of signatures since.
9781
97822146
978301:26:43,878 --> 01:26:45,682
9784And most people signing are atheists.
9785
97862147
978701:26:45,707 --> 01:26:47,463
9788They are not even creationists.
9789
97902148
979101:26:47,488 --> 01:26:51,136
9792So, this idea that the Big Bang model's
9793universally accepted is not true.
9794
97952149
979601:26:51,161 --> 01:26:52,486
9797There are many people out there,
9798
97992150
980001:26:52,511 --> 01:26:54,168
9801well, well, known people,
9802
98032151
980401:26:54,199 --> 01:26:56,894
9805very famous physic
9806and astronomy people
9807
98082152
980901:26:56,933 --> 01:26:58,878
9810that have real problems with the Big Bang.
9811
98122153
981301:26:58,916 --> 01:27:01,927
9814And, and I don't see any way
9815that you can reconcile
9816
98172154
981801:27:01,952 --> 01:27:03,301
9819the Big Bang with the Bible,
9820
98212155
982201:27:03,326 --> 01:27:05,458
9823though, a lot of people
9824seem to think that you can.
9825
98262156
982701:27:05,498 --> 01:27:07,177
9828I think, the temptation
9829they have there
9830
98312157
983201:27:07,209 --> 01:27:08,811
9833is to try to interpret...
9834
98352158
983601:27:08,849 --> 01:27:12,449
9837uh, Scripture in terms of
9838the current cosmological thinking.
9839
98402159
984101:27:12,474 --> 01:27:14,863
9842That's nothing new.
9843That has happened before,
9844
98452160
984601:27:14,895 --> 01:27:17,231
9847as it turns out,
9848with disastrous results.
9849
98502161
985101:27:17,277 --> 01:27:19,686
9852So I, I think when you look at
9853the history of science,
9854
98552162
985601:27:19,717 --> 01:27:21,920
9857the way we have discarded
9858theories over time,
9859
98602163
986101:27:21,952 --> 01:27:24,311
9862We've had theories
9863that were supposedly...
9864
98652164
986601:27:24,390 --> 01:27:26,775
9867uh, beyond dispute...
9868
98692165
987001:27:26,814 --> 01:27:28,827
9871- Uh-huh.
9872- and then later on discarded.
9873
98742166
987501:27:28,881 --> 01:27:31,898
9876Uh, when you see
9877that lesson from history
9878
98792167
988001:27:31,923 --> 01:27:33,595
9881and then you want to wed Genesis,
9882
98832168
988401:27:33,642 --> 01:27:36,563
9885you want to interpret Genesis
9886in terms of ruling paradigm,
9887
98882169
988901:27:36,595 --> 01:27:39,191
9890- I think you need to be very careful.
9891- Hhh, yeah.
9892
98932170
989401:27:40,566 --> 01:27:44,628
9895I realized, Danny was
9896re-orienting our perspective.
9897
98982171
989901:27:44,823 --> 01:27:48,107
9900We need to interpret the Universe,
9901in terms of Genesis,
9902
99032172
990401:27:48,154 --> 01:27:50,318
9905not the other way around.
9906
99072173
990801:27:50,427 --> 01:27:54,711
9909And Genesis tells us that God
9910created the sun, moon, and stars
9911
99122174
991301:27:54,742 --> 01:27:58,804
9914to be a magnificent clock
9915to track the passage of time.
9916
99172175
991801:27:58,898 --> 01:28:02,359
9919Even the ancient built towers
9920to follow the stars.
9921
99222176
992301:28:02,437 --> 01:28:04,951
9924But what does Genesis say
9925about those people
9926
99272177
992801:28:04,976 --> 01:28:07,344
9929and the languages ​​they spoke?
9930
99312178
993201:28:16,522 --> 01:28:20,491
9933Doug took me to one of the best
9934archaeological museums in the world,
9935
99362179
993701:28:20,522 --> 01:28:23,006
9938to show some of the unique artifacts
9939
99402180
994101:28:23,061 --> 01:28:25,303
9942that relate to Genesis.
9943
99442181
994501:28:26,763 --> 01:28:29,316
9946Well, the events of
9947the Bible are unfolded
9948
99492182
995001:28:29,351 --> 01:28:30,621
9951in the ancient Near East.
9952
99532183
995401:28:30,646 --> 01:28:34,601
9955So, all these lands are extremely
9956important to understanding...
9957
99582184
995901:28:34,656 --> 01:28:37,671
9960uh, how and what took place
9961in the biblical text.
9962
99632185
996401:28:37,726 --> 01:28:41,078
9965So, this picks up the events
9966we've been looking at in, in Genesis,
9967
99682186
996901:28:41,103 --> 01:28:43,008
9970from Creation and the Flood,
9971
99722187
997301:28:43,033 --> 01:28:45,839
9974and now, we're to
9975the dispersion of mankind
9976
99772188
997801:28:45,871 --> 01:28:47,574
9979out of Noah and his family.
9980
99812189
998201:28:47,605 --> 01:28:48,488
9983Exactly.
9984
99852190
998601:28:48,535 --> 01:28:50,472
9987And the, the dispersion
9988would have taken place
9989
99902191
999101:28:50,503 --> 01:28:53,824
9992somewhere in the mountain range
9993to the northwest of Mesopotamia.
9994
99952192
999601:28:53,871 --> 01:28:56,964
9997And what we see in the biblical text
9998and the narrative is that
9999
100002193
1000101:28:56,989 --> 01:28:59,231
10002a number of people have migrated
10003
100042194
1000501:28:59,278 --> 01:29:03,109
10006uh, down to southern Mesopotamia,
10007to the land of Shinar,...
10008
100092195
1001001:29:03,134 --> 01:29:06,108
10011and move toward the process
10012of urbanization,
10013
100142196
1001501:29:06,163 --> 01:29:07,366
10016- Uh-huh.
10017- city living.
10018
100192197
1002001:29:07,413 --> 01:29:09,436
10021And that's the famous
10022Tower of Babel.
10023
100242198
1002501:29:09,483 --> 01:29:10,302
10026Absolutely.
10027
100282199
1002901:29:10,327 --> 01:29:12,007
10030Do we know where that is?
10031
100322200
1003301:29:12,061 --> 01:29:14,804
10034There are about 7 or 8 Babels,
10035
100362201
1003701:29:14,829 --> 01:29:16,821
10038- cities of Babel,
10039- Huh.
10040
100412202
1004201:29:16,853 --> 01:29:19,235
10043in the ancient area of Mesopotamia.
10044
100452203
1004601:29:19,266 --> 01:29:22,001
10047And so, one at a time,
10048I studied all of those areas...
10049
100502204
1005101:29:22,032 --> 01:29:25,266
10052and found only one that
10053meets all the criteria of...
10054
100552205
1005601:29:25,321 --> 01:29:28,282
10057- the famous site of the Tower of Babel.
10058- Hhh.
10059
100602206
1006101:29:28,323 --> 01:29:30,220
10062And that is site of Eridu,
10063
100642207
1006501:29:30,245 --> 01:29:33,466
10066which is in southeastern Mesopotamia.
10067
100682208
1006901:29:33,513 --> 01:29:36,278
10070We have signs of
10071the expansion to the North,
10072
100732209
1007401:29:36,349 --> 01:29:38,763
10075to the South,
10076to the East,
10077
100782210
1007901:29:38,841 --> 01:29:41,718
10080to the West,
10081all the way as far as Egypt.
10082
100832211
1008401:29:41,781 --> 01:29:43,866
10085And when you say evidence, uh,
10086
100872212
1008801:29:43,906 --> 01:29:46,757
10089that is the artifacts
10090that we find in these...
10091
100922213
1009301:29:46,788 --> 01:29:48,146
10094archaeological digs?
10095
100962214
1009701:29:48,171 --> 01:29:50,235
10098Exactly.
10099There is an enormous
10100
101012215
1010201:29:50,275 --> 01:29:55,579
10103a, amount and very
10104specific kind of material culture...
10105
101062216
1010701:29:55,626 --> 01:29:58,277
10108that attest to this expansion of people.
10109
101102217
1011101:29:58,308 --> 01:30:01,457
10112And I'm connecting to
10113the post Babel dispersion.
10114
101152218
1011601:30:01,482 --> 01:30:03,494
10117Uh, here are the beveled rim bowls,
10118
101192219
1012001:30:03,519 --> 01:30:04,583
10121- these two,
10122- Uh-huh.
10123
101242220
1012501:30:04,608 --> 01:30:06,010
10126just that Riemchen brick...
10127
101282221
1012901:30:06,050 --> 01:30:07,477
10130- that we see up there,
10131- Oh, yeah.
10132
101332222
1013401:30:07,502 --> 01:30:10,080
10135and those two spouted jars,
10136
101372223
1013801:30:10,105 --> 01:30:14,474
10139all these diagnostic forms
10140of pottery and material culture,
10141
101422224
1014301:30:14,513 --> 01:30:16,724
10144they're found throughout the Near East.
10145
101462225
1014701:30:16,755 --> 01:30:20,410
10148The Bible describes an event that's not
10149just the confusion of language,
10150
101512226
1015201:30:20,435 --> 01:30:22,505
10153but the dispersing of people...
10154
101552227
1015601:30:22,537 --> 01:30:24,389
10157- far from that city.
10158- Uh-huh.
10159
101602228
1016101:30:24,420 --> 01:30:26,352
10162And because we see language
10163
101642229
1016501:30:26,399 --> 01:30:28,680
10166or, or the written
10167expression of language,
10168
101692230
1017001:30:28,727 --> 01:30:30,524
10171- just pop up out of nowhere.
10172- Hhh.
10173
101742231
1017501:30:30,549 --> 01:30:32,749
10176And then different languages
10177
101782232
1017901:30:32,774 --> 01:30:35,660
10180being represented
10181through cuneiform script
10182
101832233
1018401:30:35,692 --> 01:30:38,621
10185or through hieroglyphic script
10186or, or other means.
10187
101882234
1018901:30:38,653 --> 01:30:41,694
10190So you do not have
10191a universal plan
10192
101932235
1019401:30:41,726 --> 01:30:43,679
10195that's followed among
10196all of those languages.
10197
101982236
1019901:30:43,710 --> 01:30:47,353
10200You see great diversity
10201in the forms of grammar,
10202
102032237
1020401:30:47,384 --> 01:30:50,587
10205from language to language
10206even in ancient languages.
10207
102082238
1020901:30:50,641 --> 01:30:52,376
10210It, it seems then that
10211
102122239
1021301:30:52,401 --> 01:30:54,658
10214the event recorded in Genesis...
10215
102162240
1021701:30:54,689 --> 01:30:56,407
10218about the Tower of Babel,
10219
102202241
1022101:30:56,446 --> 01:30:59,518
10222that's a very, very event
10223for archeology.
10224
102252242
1022601:30:59,550 --> 01:31:00,470
10227It is.
10228
102292243
1023001:31:00,495 --> 01:31:02,573
10231So all of this fits perfectly
10232
102332244
1023401:31:02,612 --> 01:31:05,118
10235with what we, we would see
10236as the biblical account...
10237
102382245
1023901:31:05,143 --> 01:31:07,321
10240of how languages took place.
10241
102422246
1024301:31:07,346 --> 01:31:10,284
10244It's, it's really the only way
10245of explaining this.
10246
102472247
1024801:31:10,331 --> 01:31:12,503
10249So the integrity of biblical history,
10250
102512248
1025201:31:12,542 --> 01:31:14,331
10253ultimately, is justified,...
10254
102552249
1025601:31:14,393 --> 01:31:16,682
10257by the expression of these languages.
10258
102592250
1026001:31:16,729 --> 01:31:20,817
10261Now, most of us think today
10262of a tower the kind of thing
10263
102642251
1026501:31:20,850 --> 01:31:24,070
10266we see in big cities,
10267they have big straight walls.
10268
102692252
1027001:31:24,095 --> 01:31:25,651
10271Is that what they were building?
10272
102732253
1027401:31:25,686 --> 01:31:28,495
10275Well, essentially,
10276it's a variation of the pyramid.
10277
102782254
1027901:31:28,527 --> 01:31:30,128
10280And there were four sides to it
10281
102822255
1028301:31:30,160 --> 01:31:33,043
10284and several stairways
10285that would go up to the top.
10286
102872256
1028801:31:33,089 --> 01:31:35,239
10289At Eridu,
10290we have a temple...
10291
102922257
1029301:31:35,279 --> 01:31:37,279
10294that existed in 18 different phases,
10295
102962258
1029701:31:37,304 --> 01:31:40,521
10298and in every phase,
10299it grew in its size and complexity.
10300
103012259
1030201:31:40,568 --> 01:31:41,394
10303Uh-huh.
10304
103052260
1030601:31:41,419 --> 01:31:44,659
10307And that final temple,
10308that final phase of the temple,
10309
103102261
1031101:31:44,694 --> 01:31:47,351
10312it was abandoned immediately,
10313
103142262
1031501:31:47,413 --> 01:31:49,593
10316right at the time
10317of the late Uruk
10318
103192263
1032001:31:49,632 --> 01:31:50,638
10321- expansion.
10322- Hhh.
10323
103242264
1032501:31:50,663 --> 01:31:56,488
10326Cater-cornered to the temple was
10327an absolutely enormous platform.
10328
103292265
1033001:31:56,535 --> 01:31:59,659
10331You think that could be the foundation
10332of the Tower of Babel?
10333
103342266
1033501:31:59,684 --> 01:32:00,462
10336Absolutely.
10337
103382267
1033901:32:00,487 --> 01:32:02,024
10340And I would suggest to you...
10341
103422268
1034301:32:02,049 --> 01:32:04,604
10344- that this late Uruk expansion...
10345- Hhh.
10346
103472269
1034801:32:04,659 --> 01:32:06,714
10349where this technology began...
10350
103512270
1035201:32:06,739 --> 01:32:08,870
10353was something that spread
10354with the people.
10355
103562271
1035701:32:08,909 --> 01:32:11,346
10358We find forms of these ziggurats...
10359
103602272
1036101:32:11,378 --> 01:32:13,581
10362all around the globe.
10363
103642273
1036501:32:13,612 --> 01:32:15,372
10366We find them in China.
10367
103682274
1036901:32:15,411 --> 01:32:16,880
10370We find them in India.
10371
103722275
1037301:32:16,927 --> 01:32:19,309
10374We find them in various parts of Americas.
10375
103762276
1037701:32:19,334 --> 01:32:20,914
10378- Hhh.
10379- We find them all over.
10380
103812277
1038201:32:20,949 --> 01:32:24,903
10383Well, obviously, we have
10384evidence here of civilization
10385
103862278
1038701:32:24,934 --> 01:32:28,366
10388and people beginning to gather
10389together in communities, even cities.
10390
103912279
1039201:32:28,428 --> 01:32:30,225
10393Do we have any
10394other evidence of that?
10395
103962280
1039701:32:30,264 --> 01:32:30,952
10398Absolutely.
10399
104002281
1040101:32:30,983 --> 01:32:33,858
10402We can move forward
10403to the time of Abraham.
10404
104052282
1040601:32:33,889 --> 01:32:36,553
10407Because we know that
10408Abraham lived at the site of Ur,
10409
104102283
1041101:32:36,600 --> 01:32:39,365
10412which was also in
10413southern Mesopotamia...
10414
104152284
1041601:32:39,397 --> 01:32:42,196
10417at the end of
10418the third millennium BC.
10419
104202285
1042101:32:42,235 --> 01:32:44,602
10422That brings us to the end
10423of Genesis chapter 11.
10424
104252286
1042601:32:44,657 --> 01:32:45,540
10427Exactly.
10428
104292287
1043001:32:45,571 --> 01:32:49,633
10431In fact, you see some pottery,
10432some cuneiform tablets,
10433
104342288
1043501:32:49,665 --> 01:32:52,844
10436all dating to the period
10437of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
10438
104392289
1044001:32:52,869 --> 01:32:55,991
10441It, it's amazing just as we're sitting here
10442and thinking about that, you know,
10443
104442290
1044501:32:56,016 --> 01:32:58,321
10446thinking uh, about Abraham
10447
104482291
1044901:32:58,346 --> 01:33:02,969
10450and that this represents the culture
10451and civilization that he lived in.
10452
104532292
1045401:33:03,032 --> 01:33:05,597
10455It's a great tie to that
10456record in Genesis for.
10457
104582293
1045901:33:05,628 --> 01:33:07,948
10460It is fascinating and
10461it gives you a feeling of...
10462
104632294
1046401:33:07,987 --> 01:33:09,948
10465- put your hands around the events
10466- Hhh.
10467
104682295
1046901:33:09,973 --> 01:33:12,280
10470- that go on in the biblical text.
10471- Right. Yup.
10472
104732296
1047401:33:13,038 --> 01:33:14,780
10475When I looked through history,
10476
104772297
1047801:33:14,827 --> 01:33:16,873
10479I realized each of these cultures
10480
104812298
1048201:33:16,913 --> 01:33:20,553
10483had been impacted by
10484the events recorded in Genesis.
10485
104862299
1048701:33:20,623 --> 01:33:24,375
10488But, what is the importance
10489of Genesis to us today?
10490
104912300
1049201:33:32,580 --> 01:33:35,838
10493George Grant wanted to meet me
10494at a garden near his home.
10495
104962301
1049701:33:35,908 --> 01:33:39,939
10498He said it was a good reminder
10499of where our history began.
10500
105012302
1050201:33:40,650 --> 01:33:42,978
10503So it's something significant about
10504
105052303
1050601:33:43,018 --> 01:33:44,627
10507uh, the Genesis text
10508
105092304
1051001:33:44,666 --> 01:33:47,049
10511in which Adam and Eve
10512were then placed
10513
105142305
1051501:33:47,083 --> 01:33:49,356
10516into a garden to tend it.
10517
105182306
1051901:33:49,408 --> 01:33:51,349
10520Uh, that's more than just a story.
10521
105222307
1052301:33:51,371 --> 01:33:53,225
10524It's much more than just a story.
10525
105262308
1052701:33:53,256 --> 01:33:56,123
10528One of the things that
10529you see in Genesis chapter 1...
10530
105312309
1053201:33:56,248 --> 01:33:59,803
10533is the structure for time.
10534
105352310
1053601:33:59,842 --> 01:34:03,683
10537Uh, the universe is created
10538for a 24-hour day.
10539
105402311
1054101:34:03,708 --> 01:34:07,922
10542And so everything from
10543the way our sleep cycles
10544
105452312
1054601:34:07,947 --> 01:34:10,953
10547and the way our work cycles work,
10548
105492313
1055001:34:11,032 --> 01:34:12,819
10551all come from that
10552
105532314
1055401:34:12,851 --> 01:34:15,585
10555definitive historical account there.
10556
105572315
1055801:34:15,640 --> 01:34:18,073
10559When we get to uh,
10560Genesis chapter 2,
10561
105622316
1056301:34:18,118 --> 01:34:20,752
10564we start to see the meaning
10565and purpose of man.
10566
105672317
1056801:34:20,843 --> 01:34:22,572
10569Of course,
10570in Genesis chapter 3,
10571
105722318
1057301:34:22,619 --> 01:34:26,189
10574we see disruption of
10575everything by the fall.
10576
105772319
1057801:34:26,263 --> 01:34:28,734
10579The implications of a historical fall,
10580
105812320
1058201:34:28,759 --> 01:34:31,353
10583an actual man and
10584an actual woman,
10585
105862321
1058701:34:31,384 --> 01:34:35,378
10588who actually yielded
10589to actual sin...
10590
105912322
1059201:34:35,449 --> 01:34:39,386
10593have then implications off
10594through the rest of the Bible.
10595
105962323
1059701:34:39,519 --> 01:34:42,396
10598If you remove a literal Adam and Eve,
10599
106002324
1060101:34:42,421 --> 01:34:46,271
10602That, that changes the whole
10603shape of what the history is...
10604
106052325
1060601:34:46,341 --> 01:34:48,654
10607and how history is remembered.
10608
106092326
1061001:34:48,740 --> 01:34:52,055
10611Is that because when
10612we pull an Adam and Eve
10613
106142327
1061501:34:52,090 --> 01:34:55,437
10616out of the historical record,
10617
106182328
1061901:34:55,484 --> 01:34:57,195
10620we can then pretty much...
10621
106222329
1062301:34:57,244 --> 01:34:59,758
10624make up what
10625we think about man,
10626
106272330
1062801:34:59,783 --> 01:35:02,531
10629and marriage,
10630and even sexuality?
10631
106322331
1063301:35:02,601 --> 01:35:04,023
10634Absolutely.
10635
106362332
1063701:35:04,054 --> 01:35:06,748
10638The apostle Paul
10639understood the events
10640
106412333
1064201:35:06,773 --> 01:35:09,963
10643of the uh, early chapters of Genesis
10644
106452334
1064601:35:09,994 --> 01:35:12,291
10647as formative, not only
10648
106492335
1065001:35:12,338 --> 01:35:14,046
10651for our understanding of history,
10652
106532336
1065401:35:14,081 --> 01:35:16,165
10655but for relationships
10656
106572337
1065801:35:16,212 --> 01:35:19,494
10659between men and women
10660and their children,
10661
106622338
1066301:35:19,548 --> 01:35:21,847
10664uh, the character and
10665nature of marriage,
10666
106672339
1066801:35:21,878 --> 01:35:27,325
10669uh, rightness and wrongness in
10670moral relations, including sexuality.
10671
106722340
1067301:35:27,364 --> 01:35:30,083
10674- All of that is assumed...
10675- Hhh.
10676
106772341
1067801:35:30,122 --> 01:35:32,716
10679from those early chapters of Genesis,
10680
106812342
1068201:35:32,755 --> 01:35:36,812
10683often time quoting the passages verbatim.
10684
106852343
1068601:35:36,866 --> 01:35:39,195
10687It, it seems that even Peters
10688
106892344
1069001:35:39,226 --> 01:35:44,007
10691is taking that event of the Flood,
10692for example, as a historic event,
10693
106942345
1069501:35:44,046 --> 01:35:45,843
10696and laying it in
10697
106982346
1069901:35:45,898 --> 01:35:50,265
10700the context of which is pointing to
10701a judgment that will, that will come.
10702
107032347
1070401:35:50,296 --> 01:35:52,212
10705So even judgment is a part...
10706
107072348
1070801:35:52,251 --> 01:35:54,876
10709of, of understanding
10710that historical record.
10711
107122349
1071301:35:54,923 --> 01:35:57,900
10714You cut things off from history...
10715
107162350
1071701:35:58,876 --> 01:36:02,260
10718and lose sight of the meaning of all of it.
10719
107202351
1072101:36:02,337 --> 01:36:05,675
10722I think most Christians,
10723uh, when we talk about...
10724
107252352
1072601:36:05,722 --> 01:36:07,766
10727uh, for example,
10728the life of Christ,
10729
107302353
1073101:36:07,801 --> 01:36:10,576
10732those are understood
10733to be historical...
10734
107352354
1073601:36:10,632 --> 01:36:11,936
10737- accounts.
10738- Right.
10739
107402355
1074101:36:11,975 --> 01:36:16,122
10742Why is it that when we look at
10743the account in Genesis,
10744
107452356
1074601:36:16,169 --> 01:36:19,640
10747that we have a tendency
10748not to want to do that?
10749
107502357
1075101:36:19,734 --> 01:36:24,046
10752We have a tendency not to do it
10753because we're constantly exhorted...
10754
107552358
1075601:36:24,101 --> 01:36:25,945
10757to not see it that way.
10758
107592359
1076001:36:25,983 --> 01:36:27,327
10761From the culture around us?
10762
107632360
1076401:36:27,353 --> 01:36:30,313
10765The culture around us,
10766uh, from theologians,
10767
107682361
1076901:36:30,360 --> 01:36:33,212
10770uh, modern theologians
10771who are trying to,
10772
107732362
1077401:36:33,243 --> 01:36:35,110
10775some how in their minds,
10776
107772363
1077801:36:35,149 --> 01:36:37,733
10779fit the truths of Scripture with the...
10780
107812364
1078201:36:37,758 --> 01:36:40,493
10783- the so-called discoveries of science,
10784- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
10785
107862365
1078701:36:40,562 --> 01:36:43,095
10788which if you know anything
10789about the history of science,
10790
107912366
1079201:36:43,120 --> 01:36:46,712
10793- you know it's incredibly unreliable path.
10794- Uh-huh, uh-huh.
10795
107962367
1079701:36:46,737 --> 01:36:49,539
10798So we are constantly bombarded...
10799
108002368
1080101:36:49,617 --> 01:36:53,786
10802with this message that
10803we have to adjust our view.
10804
108052369
1080601:36:53,934 --> 01:36:58,192
10807But I think there are a lot of
10808Christians who have a sense...
10809
108102370
1081101:36:58,262 --> 01:37:01,373
10812that the historicity of Genesis...
10813
108142371
1081501:37:01,428 --> 01:37:05,858
10816is just not that important
10817to their Christianity.
10818
108192372
1082001:37:05,944 --> 01:37:08,881
10821I, I think we have been sold
10822the bill of goods on that.
10823
108242373
1082501:37:08,952 --> 01:37:13,782
10826When you, somehow,
10827make those chapters
10828
108292374
1083001:37:13,821 --> 01:37:16,063
10831a different category altogether,
10832
108332375
1083401:37:16,103 --> 01:37:17,744
10835and non-historical,
10836
108372376
1083801:37:17,798 --> 01:37:20,152
10839What, what are you doing to
10840all of the rest of the Bible?
10841
108422377
1084301:37:20,191 --> 01:37:22,175
10844The Bible that assumes that is true,
10845
108462378
1084701:37:22,206 --> 01:37:25,019
10848the Bible that treats it
10849as historical true,
10850
108512379
1085201:37:25,058 --> 01:37:29,008
10853and the Bible that refers back to
10854all of the characters that are there,
10855
108562380
1085701:37:29,043 --> 01:37:31,482
10858does that then negates
10859the whole of the Bible?
10860
108612381
1086201:37:31,507 --> 01:37:33,818
10863Well, yes.
10864
108652382
1086601:37:33,912 --> 01:37:36,427
10867And that's exactly
10868what the strategy was
10869
108702383
1087101:37:36,467 --> 01:37:37,873
10872of the higher critics
10873
108742384
1087501:37:37,927 --> 01:37:39,982
10876in the 18th and 19th centuries.
10877
108782385
1087901:37:40,031 --> 01:37:41,625
10880They knew...
10881
108822386
1088301:37:41,796 --> 01:37:45,992
10884if you could, somehow,
10885attack the first three...
10886
108872387
1088801:37:46,054 --> 01:37:49,875
10889or first eleven chapters of Genesis...
10890
108912388
1089201:37:49,984 --> 01:37:51,916
10893you're done away with the whole thing.
10894
108952389
1089601:37:52,195 --> 01:37:55,705
10897Well, George, all of this
10898brings us back in to...
10899
109002390
1090101:37:55,799 --> 01:37:58,166
10902the notion that the history...
10903
109042391
1090501:37:58,260 --> 01:38:02,963
10906uh, that is recorded in Genesis
10907or any true history at all is critical...
10908
109092392
1091001:38:02,988 --> 01:38:06,291
10911for us, in terms of understanding
10912what's going on around us.
10913
109142393
1091501:38:06,369 --> 01:38:07,822
10916Yeah.
10917In, in fact,...
10918
109192394
1092001:38:07,861 --> 01:38:11,308
10921it reminds us of how
10922important history is...
10923
109242395
1092501:38:11,355 --> 01:38:14,761
10926and anchoring all of
10927the other human disciplines.
10928
109292396
1093001:38:14,808 --> 01:38:18,693
10931Uh, it is the history
10932that helps to inform science.
10933
109342397
1093501:38:18,740 --> 01:38:23,169
10936So that science can begin
10937its journey of discovery in the world.
10938
109392398
1094001:38:23,263 --> 01:38:27,234
10941So what the history does
10942is it tells us what happened.
10943
109442399
1094501:38:27,515 --> 01:38:30,406
10946Then what science
10947attempts to do is...
10948
109492400
1095001:38:30,468 --> 01:38:33,406
10951it, it asks the question,
10952well, how did it happen?
10953
109542401
1095501:38:33,492 --> 01:38:35,992
10956And then,
10957it, it begins to explore
10958
109592402
1096001:38:36,070 --> 01:38:37,538
10961the how, the mechanics,
10962
109632403
1096401:38:37,570 --> 01:38:38,906
10965- the structures
10966- Hhh.
10967
109682404
1096901:38:38,969 --> 01:38:41,773
10970uh, that were present in those events.
10971
109722405
1097301:38:41,851 --> 01:38:43,302
10974If you try to reverse that,
10975
109762406
1097701:38:43,365 --> 01:38:45,592
10978if you try to make science...
10979
109802407
1098101:38:45,661 --> 01:38:48,802
10982- uh, saying what actually happened,
10983- Uh-huh.
10984
109852408
1098601:38:48,872 --> 01:38:52,671
10987uh, then you, you wind up
10988having a worldview
10989
109902409
1099101:38:52,726 --> 01:38:56,085
10992that is constantly shifting
10993where nothing is certain.
10994
109952410
1099601:38:56,140 --> 01:38:58,233
10997And moral relativism...
10998
109992411
1100001:38:58,335 --> 01:39:00,991
11001is the necessary outcome.
11002
110032412
1100401:39:01,397 --> 01:39:03,819
11005And God has given us that bedrock.
11006
110072413
1100801:39:03,858 --> 01:39:05,790
11009He has given us that foundation
11010
110112414
1101201:39:05,845 --> 01:39:07,571
11013in that historical record.
11014
110152415
1101601:39:07,626 --> 01:39:10,415
11017He has given it to us
11018in that historical record...
11019
110202416
1102101:39:10,440 --> 01:39:13,751
11022going all the way back
11023to Genesis chapter 1...
11024
110252417
1102601:39:13,837 --> 01:39:15,595
11027- and the garden.
11028- And the garden.
11029
110302418
1103101:39:17,103 --> 01:39:20,814
11032In the end, I suppose
11033we always return home.
11034
110352419
1103601:39:20,905 --> 01:39:23,213
11037And for me, home is Colorado.
11038
110392420
1104001:39:23,337 --> 01:39:24,754
11041I always think more clearly...
11042
110432421
1104401:39:24,779 --> 01:39:27,707
11045when I'm out in the beauty
11046of God's creation.
11047
110482422
1104901:39:27,902 --> 01:39:31,168
11050We've been in a lot of places
11051and seen a lot of things,...
11052
110532423
1105401:39:31,254 --> 01:39:33,394
11055but considering everything together,...
11056
110572424
1105801:39:33,480 --> 01:39:36,418
11059it's clear that nothing
11060in the world makes sense,
11061
110622425
1106301:39:36,459 --> 01:39:39,514
11064except in the light of Genesis.
11065
110662426
1106701:39:42,170 --> 01:39:43,695
11068I love being in the mountains,
11069
110702427
1107101:39:43,720 --> 01:39:46,367
11072especially, ones like these.
11073
110742428
1107501:39:46,477 --> 01:39:48,985
11076They help give us
11077a good perspective,...
11078
110792429
1108001:39:49,146 --> 01:39:52,143
11081help us realize
11082that we're small and...
11083
110842430
1108501:39:52,252 --> 01:39:54,072
11086finite, and vulnerable.
11087
110882431
1108901:39:54,312 --> 01:39:55,960
11090They humble us.
11091
110922432
1109301:39:56,195 --> 01:39:58,181
11094And we need to be humble
11095because we have...
11096
110972433
1109801:39:58,251 --> 01:40:00,634
11099a tendency to base our ideas...
11100
111012434
1110201:40:00,713 --> 01:40:02,533
11103on our own small...
11104
111052435
1110601:40:02,619 --> 01:40:04,354
11107set of experiences.
11108
111092436
1111001:40:04,556 --> 01:40:08,049
11111That's why the wisdom of the ages
11112has told us over and over again...
11113
111142437
1111501:40:08,111 --> 01:40:10,191
11116to know history.
11117
111182438
1111901:40:10,769 --> 01:40:14,183
11120Everything that we've done
11121up to this point...
11122
111232439
1112401:40:14,433 --> 01:40:16,402
11125has looked at the evidence
11126
111272440
1112801:40:16,449 --> 01:40:19,504
11129that shows us that
11130the word of God,...
11131
111322441
1113301:40:19,654 --> 01:40:24,092
11134the history that has been
11135laid down for us in Genesis is true.
11136
111372442
1113801:40:24,741 --> 01:40:28,123
11139God created the world in six days.
11140
111412443
1114201:40:28,436 --> 01:40:31,204
11143There was  a real Adam,
11144a real Eve.
11145
111462444
1114701:40:31,243 --> 01:40:33,243
11148There was a real fall.
11149
111502445
1115101:40:33,431 --> 01:40:35,462
11152It really was a flood...
11153
111542446
1115501:40:35,719 --> 01:40:38,665
11156that destroyed the world
11157and produced all of this.
11158
111592447
1116001:40:38,690 --> 01:40:42,461
11161It is glorious, but it represents
11162the judgment of God.
11163
111642448
1116501:40:43,005 --> 01:40:45,126
11166Everything supports...
11167
111682449
1116901:40:45,306 --> 01:40:47,329
11170what God has told us.
11171
111722450
1117301:40:47,532 --> 01:40:49,797
11174Genesis is history.
11175
111762451
1117701:40:50,009 --> 01:40:51,469
11178True history.