· 7 years ago · Dec 08, 2018, 04:26 AM
1Obama tells WSJ that Linkchain is going to the moon after the FED announces it will be the cyrptocurrency the FED replaces the USD with.
2
3<!DOCTYPE html>
4<html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr">
5<head>
6<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
7<title>Space policy of the Barack Obama administration - Wikipedia</title>
8<script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script>
9<script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration","wgTitle":"Space policy of the Barack Obama administration","wgCurRevisionId":854382678,"wgRevisionId":854382678,"wgArticleId":26970135,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Use mdy dates from May 2012","Articles containing video clips","2010 in spaceflight","2010 speeches","Speeches by Barack Obama","Public policy of the Obama administration","NASA oversight","2010 in American politics","Space policy of the United States","2010 in Florida"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration","wgRelevantArticleId":26970135,"wgRequestId":"XApGmQpAICAAACUTkBQAAACN","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":[],"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsShouldSendModuleToUser":true,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en","usePageImages":true,"usePageDescriptions":true},"wgMFExpandAllSectionsUserOption":true,"wgMFEnableFontChanger":true,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false},"wgRelatedArticles":null,"wgRelatedArticlesUseCirrusSearch":true,"wgRelatedArticlesOnlyUseCirrusSearch":false,"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCentralNoticeCookiesToDelete":[],"wgCentralNoticeCategoriesUsingLegacy":["Fundraising","fundraising"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7572611","wgScoreNoteLanguages":{"arabic":"العربية","catalan":"català ","deutsch":"Deutsch","english":"English","espanol":"español","italiano":"italiano","nederlands":"Nederlands","norsk":"norsk","portugues":"português","suomi":"suomi","svenska":"svenska","vlaams":"West-Vlams"},"wgScoreDefaultNoteLanguage":"nederlands","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgCodeMirrorEnabled":true,"wgVisualEditorToolbarScrollOffset":0,"wgVisualEditorUnsupportedEditParams":["undo","undoafter","veswitched"],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true});mw.loader.state({"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"ready","user.tokens":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.thumbnail.styles":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.shared":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.3d.styles":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.interface":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@0tffind",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});
10});RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mw.MediaWikiPlayer.loader","mw.PopUpMediaTransform","mw.TMHGalleryHook.js","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","skins.vector.js"];mw.loader.load(RLPAGEMODULES);});</script>
11<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.3d.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.thumbnail.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"/>
12<script async="" src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector"></script>
13<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/>
14<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/>
15<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/>
16<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.33.0-wmf.6"/>
17<meta name="referrer" content="origin"/>
18<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-crossorigin"/>
19<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/>
20<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/1200px-President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg"/>
21<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration"/>
22<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit"/>
23<link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit"/>
24<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/>
25<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/>
26<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/>
27<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/>
28<link rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/>
29<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration"/>
30<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>
31<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
32<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=html5shiv&only=scripts&skin=vector&sync=1"></script><![endif]-->
33</head>
34<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration rootpage-Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
35 <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
36 <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
37 <a id="top"></a>
38 <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><!-- CentralNotice --></div><div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
39</div>
40<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Space policy of the Barack Obama administration</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
41 <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div>
42 <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a>
43 <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#p-search">Jump to search</a>
44 <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p class="mw-empty-elt">
45</p>
46<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/220px-President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/330px-President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/440px-President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2008" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President Obama speaks at KSC's <a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a>.</div></div></div>
47<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/220px-President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/330px-President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg/440px-President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="2298" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Obama_Visits_Kennedy_Space_Center.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President Obama and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Nelson (politician)">Senator Bill Nelson</a> arrive at the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">Shuttle Landing Facility</a>.</div></div></div>
48<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr>
49<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama,_2012_portrait_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/75px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg" width="75" height="97" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/113px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1739" /></a></td>
50<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><span style="font-size:0.75em;"><span style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama"><span style="color: #FFF">Barack Obama</span></a></span></span></td>
51</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em;">
52<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a></li>
53<li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Electoral history</a></li></ul>
54<hr />
55<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li>
56<li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></li>
57<li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></li></ul>
58<hr />
59<div style="font-weight: bold;">Pre-presidency</div>
60<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois State Senator</a></li>
61<li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">2004 DNC keynote address</a></li>
62<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senator from Illinois</a></li></ul>
63<hr />
64<div style="font-weight: bold;">44th President of the United States</div>
65<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a>
66<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul>
67<hr />
68<div style="font-weight: bold;">Policies</div>
69<div class="plainlist">
70<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economy</a></li>
71<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a></li>
72<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a>
73<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li>
74<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Foreign trips</a></li></ul></li>
75<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li>
76<li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li>
77<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space</a></li></ul>
78</div>
79<div style="font-weight: bold;">Appointments</div>
80<div class="plainlist">
81<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama#Personnel" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li>
82<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judges</a></li></ul>
83</div>
84<hr />
85<div style="font-weight: bold;">First term</div>
86<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Campaign for the Presidency</a>
87<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 general election</a></li>
88<li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">Primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul>
89<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li>
90<li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">1st inauguration</a></li></ul>
91<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Barack_Obama%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency">First 100 days</a></li>
92<li><a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li>
93<li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Iraq" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq">Iraq Withdrawal</a></li>
94<li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">Death of Osama bin Laden</a></li></ul>
95<ul><li><ul><li>Timeline: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2009)">'09</a></li>
96<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2010)">'10</a></li>
97<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2011)">'11</a></li>
98<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2012)">'12</a></li></ul></li></ul>
99<hr />
100<div style="font-weight: bold;">Second term</div>
101<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">Reelection campaign</a><br />
102<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 general election</a></li>
103<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2012 United States presidential election">Reactions</a></li></ul></li></ul>
104<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2nd inauguration</a></li>
105<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform#Obama's_executive_actions_of_November_2014" title="Immigration reform">Immigration executive action</a></li>
106<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal</a></li>
107<li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li></ul>
108<ul><li><ul><li>Timeline: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2013)">'13</a></li>
109<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2014)">'14</a></li>
110<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2015)">'15</a></li>
111<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2016)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2016)">'16</a></li>
112<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2017)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2017)">'17</a></li></ul></li></ul>
113<hr />
114<div style="font-weight: bold;">Post-presidency</div>
115<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Planned Library</a></li>
116<li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Foundation" title="Obama Foundation">Obama Foundation</a></li>
117<li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li></ul>
118<hr />
119<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a></i></li>
120<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i></li>
121<li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li></ul>
122<hr />
123<p><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama's signature"><img alt="Barack Obama's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/130px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png" width="130" height="31" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/195px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Barack_Obama_signature.svg/260px-Barack_Obama_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="124" /></a><br />
124</p>
125<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></td>
126</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Barack Obama sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Barack Obama sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Barack_Obama_sidebar&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
127<p>The <b>space policy of the Barack Obama administration</b> was announced by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on April 15, 2010, at a major space policy speech at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> He committed to increasing <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> funding by $6 billion over five years and completing the design of a new heavy-lift launch vehicle by 2015 and to begin construction thereafter. He also predicted a U.S.-crewed orbital <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> mission by the mid-2030s, preceded by an <a href="/wiki/Manned_mission_to_an_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned mission to an asteroid">asteroid mission</a> by 2025. In response to concerns over job losses, Obama promised a $40 million effort to help <a href="/wiki/Space_Coast" title="Space Coast">Space Coast</a> workers affected by the cancellation of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a>.
128</p><p>The Obama administration's space policy was made subsequent to the final report of the <a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee</a>, which it had instituted to review the <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a> plans of the United States in the post-<a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> era. The <a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2010" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2010">NASA Authorization Act of 2010</a>, passed on October 11, 2010, enacted many of the Obama administration's space policy goals.
129</p>
130<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
131<ul>
132<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
133<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Augustine_Commission"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Augustine Commission</span></a></li>
134<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Space_policy_speech_at_Kennedy_Space_Center"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center</span></a>
135<ul>
136<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Modification_of_Orion"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modification of Orion</span></a></li>
137<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Destinations"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Destinations</span></a></li>
138<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reliance_on_commercially_operated_launch_vehicles"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reliance on commercially operated launch vehicles</span></a></li>
139<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Extension_of_ISS_operations"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Extension of ISS operations</span></a></li>
140<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</span></a></li>
141<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Response"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Response</span></a>
142<ul>
143<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Support"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Support</span></a></li>
144<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Criticism"><span class="tocnumber">3.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism</span></a></li>
145</ul>
146</li>
147<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Video"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Video</span></a></li>
148</ul>
149</li>
150<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Subsequent_developments"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Subsequent developments</span></a></li>
151<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
152<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
153<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
154</ul>
155</div>
156
157<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
158<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg" class="image"><img alt="President Obama, Michelle Obama and Vice President Biden watch as NASA's Lunar Electric Rover demonstrates how its 12 wheels can pivot independently." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg/220px-Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg" width="220" height="135" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg/330px-Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg/440px-Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="2484" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Electric_Rover_at_2009_Presidential_inauguration_parade.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President Obama, Michelle Obama and Vice President Biden watch NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Electric_Rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Electric Rover">Lunar Electric Rover</a> at the 2009 inaugural parade.</div></div></div>
159<p>In November 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008">Obama presidential campaign</a> released a policy document delaying NASA's <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> by five years to fund education programs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> There was concern that any delay would prolong the gap after the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>'s retirement, when the US would be dependent on the Russian government for access to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. Other presidential candidates, including <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008">Hillary Clinton</a>, did not support the delay.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
160</p><p>In January 2008, the Obama campaign revised its position, supporting the immediate development of the <a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a> rocket to narrow the gap. However, the new policy was silent on the heavy lift <a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a> rocket and missions beyond <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
161</p><p>Obama gave the first major space policy speech of his campaign in <a href="/wiki/Titusville,_Florida" title="Titusville, Florida">Titusville, Florida</a> in August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> He subsequently approved a seven-page space plan that committed to target dates for destinations beyond low Earth orbit:
162</p>
163<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r856303468">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He endorses the goal of sending human missions to the Moon by 2020, as a precursor in an orderly progression to missions to more distant destinations, including Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
164</p></blockquote>
165<p>Obama was noted for "having offered more specifics about his plans for NASA than any U.S. presidential candidate in history".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
166</p>
167<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Augustine_Commission">Augustine Commission</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Augustine Commission">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
168<div class="floatright"><a href="/wiki/File:Augustine_Commission_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="Augustine Commission logo.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Augustine_Commission_logo.svg/250px-Augustine_Commission_logo.svg.png" width="250" height="136" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Augustine_Commission_logo.svg/375px-Augustine_Commission_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Augustine_Commission_logo.svg/500px-Augustine_Commission_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="165" /></a></div>
169<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee</a></div>
170<p>The Obama administration instituted the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, also known as the Augustine Commission, to review the <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a> plans of the United States after the time <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> had planned to retire the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. Their goal was to ensure the nation is on "a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space." The review was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (OSTP) on May 7, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-ostp090507_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostp090507-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> The report was released on October 22, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
171</p><p>The Committee judged the nine-year-old <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> to be so behind schedule, underfunded and over budget that meeting any of its goals would not be possible. The President removed the program from the 2010 NASA budget request and a bi-partisan congress refused to fund it any longer, effectively canceling the program. One component of the program, the <a href="/wiki/Orion_crew_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion crew capsule">Orion crew capsule</a>, was added back to plans but as a rescue vehicle to complement the Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a> in returning Station crews to Earth in the event of an emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-12">[12]</a></sup>
172</p><p>In its final report, the Committee proposed three basic options for exploration beyond <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, and appeared to favor the third option:
173</p>
174<ul><li>Mars First, with a Mars landing, perhaps after a brief test of equipment and procedures on the Moon.</li>
175<li>Moon First, with lunar surface exploration focused on developing the capability to explore Mars.</li>
176<li>A <a href="/wiki/Flexible_Path" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible Path">Flexible Path</a> to inner Solar System locations, such as lunar orbit, <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrange points">Lagrange points</a>, near-Earth objects and the moons of Mars, followed by exploration of the lunar surface and/or Martian surface.</li></ul>
177<p>In his April 15, 2010 space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center announcing the administration's plans for NASA, none of the 3 plans outlined in the Committee's final report was completely selected.<sup id="cite_ref-Committee_Final_Report_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Committee_Final_Report-13">[13]</a></sup> The President rejected immediate plans to return to the Moon on the premise that the current plan had become nonviable. He instead promised $6 billion in additional funding and called for development of a new heavy lift rocket program to be ready for construction by 2015 with crewed missions to Mars orbit by the mid-2030s.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
178</p>
179<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Space_policy_speech_at_Kennedy_Space_Center">Space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
180<p>Attendees included then-NASA administrator and Obama appointee <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Bolden,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles F. Bolden, Jr.">Charles Bolden</a>, Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a>, Representative <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Kosmas" title="Suzanne Kosmas">Suzanne Kosmas</a> (D-FL), Senator <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Nelson (politician)">Bill Nelson</a> (D-FL), and Representative <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">Sheila Jackson Lee</a> (D-TX), among others.
181</p>
182<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Modification_of_Orion">Modification of Orion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modification of Orion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
183<p>Obama announced the modification of the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(Constellation_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion (Constellation program)">Orion capsule</a> from its original purpose as a crewed spacecraft for flights to the ISS and the Moon into an <a href="/wiki/Crew_Return_Vehicle" title="Crew Return Vehicle">emergency escape capsule</a> for the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, reducing American reliance on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft</a>.
184</p>
185<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In addition, as part of this effort, we will build on the good work already done on the Orion crew capsule. I've directed Charlie Bolden to immediately begin developing a rescue vehicle using this technology, so we are not forced to rely on foreign providers if it becomes necessary to quickly bring our people home from the International Space Station. And this Orion effort will be part of the technological foundation for advanced spacecraft to be used in future deep space missions. In fact, Orion will be readied for flight right here in this room.
186</p></blockquote>
187<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Destinations">Destinations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Destinations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
188<p>The new policy changes from <a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> Moon-first approach to a variety of destinations resembling the <a href="/wiki/Flexible_path" title="Flexible path">flexible path</a> approach:
189</p>
190<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Early in the next decade, a set of crewed flights will test and prove the systems required for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. And by 2025, we expect new spacecraft designed for long journeys to allow us to begin the first-ever crewed missions beyond the Moon into deep space. So we'll start – we'll start by <a href="/wiki/Manned_mission_to_an_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned mission to an asteroid">sending astronauts to an asteroid</a> for the first time in history.
191</p></blockquote>
192<p>Obama promoted the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Manned_mission_to_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned mission to Mars">crewed mission</a> to orbit Mars by the mid-2030s with a landing as a follow-up:
193</p>
194<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By the mid-2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And a landing on Mars will follow. And I expect to be around to see it.
195</p></blockquote>
196<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reliance_on_commercially_operated_launch_vehicles">Reliance on commercially operated launch vehicles</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reliance on commercially operated launch vehicles">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
197<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Falcon_9_launch.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Falcon_9_launch.jpg/200px-Falcon_9_launch.jpg" width="200" height="301" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Falcon_9_launch.jpg/300px-Falcon_9_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Falcon_9_launch.jpg/400px-Falcon_9_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1184" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Falcon_9_launch.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> rocket Obama referenced in his speech was <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Flight_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 9 Flight 1">first launched</a> on June 4, 2010.</div></div></div>
198<p>In a major shift in the function of NASA in American human spaceflight, the Obama administration proposal would rely solely on <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> designed, manufactured, and operated by private aerospace companies, with NASA paying for flights for government astronauts.
199</p><p>Prior to the speech, Obama toured the launch facilities surrounding the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> launch vehicle with CEO <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> which has received NASA funding through the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a> program and could loft NASA astronauts under the new plan. In the speech, Obama referenced the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Flight_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 9 Flight 1">maiden flight of the Falcon 9</a>, which would go on to launch successfully less than one and a half months after the speech:
200</p>
201<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[The] Falcon 9 rocket we just saw on the launch pad...will be tested for the very first time in the coming weeks.
202</p></blockquote>
203<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Extension_of_ISS_operations">Extension of ISS operations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Extension of ISS operations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
204<p>Obama also announced an extension of funding for <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> operations, 90% complete by mass<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> at the time of the speech but scheduled to be deorbited by as early as 2015 before Obama announced the extension, which will provide funding through 2020.
205</p>
206<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And we will extend the life of the International Space Station likely by more than five years, while actually using it for its intended purpose: conducting advanced research that can help improve the daily lives of people here on Earth, as well as testing and improving upon our capabilities in space. This includes technologies like more efficient life support systems that will help reduce the cost of future missions. And in order to reach the space station, we will work with a growing array of private companies competing to make getting to space easier and more affordable.
207</p></blockquote>
208<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Heavy-lift launch vehicle">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
209<p>In the speech, Obama announced the development of a new <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Heavy Lift Vehicle</a> (HLV) to replace the planned <a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a>, with the design planned for completion by 2015, two years prior to the Constellation plan, and construction commencing thereafter:
210</p>
211<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Next, we will invest more than $3 billion to conduct research on an advanced "heavy lift rocket"—a vehicle to efficiently send into orbit the crew capsules, propulsion systems, and large quantities of supplies needed to reach deep space. In developing this new vehicle, we will not only look at revising or modifying older models; we want to look at new designs, new materials, new technologies that will transform not just where we can go but what we can do when we get there. And we will finalize a rocket design no later than 2015 and then begin to build it. And I want everybody to understand: That's at least two years earlier than previously planned—and that's conservative, given that the previous program was behind schedule and over budget.
212</p></blockquote>
213<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Response">Response</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Response">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
214<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Support">Support</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Support">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
215<p>Prior to the speech, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> CEO Elon Musk released a statement praising the proposal and criticizing Senators who had opposed it and former NASA administrator <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Griffin" title="Michael D. Griffin">Michael Griffin</a>:
216</p>
217<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Cancellation was therefore simply a matter of time and thankfully we have a president with the political courage to do the right thing sooner rather than later. We can ill afford the expense of an "Apollo on steroids", as a former NASA Administrator referred to the Ares/Orion program. A lesser President might have waited until after the upcoming election cycle, not caring that billions more dollars would be wasted. It was disappointing to see how many in Congress did not possess this courage. One senator in particular was determined to achieve a new altitude record in hypocrisy, claiming that the public option was bad in healthcare, but good in space!<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
218</p></blockquote>
219<p><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> released a statement in support of the plan via the White House on February 1, prior to the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_federal_budget" title="2011 United States federal budget">2011 federal budget</a>, which included the changes Obama announced in the speech:
220</p>
221<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I continue to be excited about the development of commercial capabilities to send humans into low earth orbit and what this could ultimately mean in terms of allowing others to experience the transformative power of spaceflight. I can personally attest to what such an experience can do in creating a different perspective regarding our life on Earth and on our future. I applaud the President for his boldness and commitment in working to make this worthwhile dream a reality.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
222</p></blockquote>
223<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism">Criticism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
224<p><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Cernan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Cernan">Eugene Cernan</a>, commanders of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> respectively, said:
225</p>
226<ul><li>"When President Obama recently released his budget for NASA, he proposed a slight increase in total funding...the accompanying decision to cancel the Constellation program, its Ares 1 and Ares V rockets, and the Orion spacecraft, is devastating."</li>
227<li>"It appears that we will have wasted our current ten plus billion dollar investment in Constellation and, equally importantly, we will have lost the many years required to recreate the equivalent of what we will have discarded."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li>
228<li>"For The United States, the leading space faring nation for nearly half a century, to be without carriage to low Earth orbit and with no human exploration capability to go beyond Earth orbit for an indeterminate time into the future, destines our nation to become one of second or even third rate stature. While the President's plan envisages humans traveling away from Earth and perhaps toward Mars at some time in the future, the lack of developed rockets and spacecraft will assure that ability will not be available for many years."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li>
229<li>"Without the skill and experience that actual spacecraft operation provides, the USA is far too likely to be on a long downhill slide to mediocrity."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></li></ul>
230<p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zubrin" title="Robert Zubrin">Robert Zubrin</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mars Society">The Mars Society</a> and whose book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i> first proposed a Shuttle-derived heavy lift vehicle named <i>Ares</i>, lambasted Obama's plans in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>:
231</p>
232<ul><li>"Under the Obama plan, NASA will spend $100 billion on human spaceflight over the next 10 years in order to accomplish nothing"</li>
233<li>"Obama called for <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Retrieval_and_Utilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid Retrieval and Utilization">sending a crew to a near Earth asteroid</a> by 2025. ... Had Obama not canceled the <a href="/wiki/Ares_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ares 5">Ares 5</a>, we could have used it to perform an <a href="/wiki/Orion_Asteroid_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Asteroid Mission">asteroid mission</a> by 2016. But the President, while calling for such a flight, actually is terminating the programs that would make it possible."</li>
234<li>"With current in-space propulsion technology, we can do a round-trip mission to a near-Earth asteroid or a one-way transit to Mars in six months ... Holdren claims that he wants to develop a new electrically powered space thruster to speed up such trips. But without gigantic space nuclear power reactors to provide them with juice, such thrusters are useless, and the administration has no intention of developing such reactors."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></li></ul>
235<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Video">Video</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Video">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
236<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:482px;"><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:480px"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/480px--President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" style="width:480px;height:270px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="1982.6473333333" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="vorbis, theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 480 × 270 (267 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="480" data-height="270" data-bandwidth="267144" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-bandwidth="131312" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="194096" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="180" data-bandwidth="172816" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="213024" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv/President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="311160" data-framerate="29.97002997003" /></video></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_speaks_at_Kennedy_Space_Center.ogv" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President Barack Obama speaks at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></div></div></div></div>
237<div style="clear:both;"></div>
238<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subsequent_developments">Subsequent developments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subsequent developments">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
239<p>The Obama administration released its new formal space policy on June 28, 2010.
240</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2010" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2010">NASA Authorization Act of 2010</a>, passed on October 11, 2010, <a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process#Authorization_and_appropriations" title="United States budget process">authorized funds</a> for NASA for <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2011–2013, and enacted many of his stated space policy goals. A total of $58 billion in funding is called for, spread across three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Signing_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signing-22">[22]</a></sup>
241</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_federal_budget" title="2011 United States federal budget">2011 budget legislation</a>, passed in April 2011, officially terminated the Constellation program. The passage of the budget frees NASA to start working on the new initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup>
242</p><p>In September 2011, details were announced of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Derived_Launch_Vehicle" title="Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle">Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle</a> being developed by NASA as a replacement for the Ares I and Ares V rockets of the Constellation program.
243</p><p>The Obama administration cut NASA's planetary-sciences budget by 20 percent in 2013, as part of a restructuring plan, contrary to the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (United States)">National Research Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
244</p><p>In January 2014 the Obama administration announced it would seek to extend the operational life of the International Space Station by four more years to 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
245</p>
246<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
247<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> (2005)</li>
248<li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee</a> (2009)</li>
249<li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Derived_Heavy_Lift_Launch_Vehicle" title="Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle">Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle</a> (2009)</li>
250<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy of the United States</a></li>
251<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special_Message_to_the_Congress_on_Urgent_National_Needs" class="extiw" title="s:Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs">Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s May 25, 1961 speech to Congress</li>
252<li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li></ul>
253<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
254<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
255<ol class="references">
256<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Chang, Kenneth (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/science/space/16nasa.html">"Obama Promises Renewed Space Program"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Promises+Renewed+Space+Program&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.au=Chang%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F04%2F16%2Fscience%2Fspace%2F16nasa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r861714446">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span>
257</li>
258<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102204643/http://www.barackobama.com/issues/pdf/PreK-12EducationFactSheet.pdf">"Barack Obama's plan for lifetime success through education"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Obama for America. November 26, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barackobama.com/issues/pdf/PreK-12EducationFactSheet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2011</span>. <q>The early education plan will be paid for by delaying the NASA Constellation Program for five years...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama%27s+plan+for+lifetime+success+through+education&rft.pub=Obama+for+America&rft.date=2007-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barackobama.com%2Fissues%2Fpdf%2FPreK-12EducationFactSheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
259</li>
260<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kaufman, Marc (November 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/22/AR2007112201359.html">"Clinton Favors Future Human Spaceflight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton+Favors+Future+Human+Spaceflight&rft.date=2007-11-23&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F11%2F22%2FAR2007112201359.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
261</li>
262<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=26647">"Barack Obama's Plan For American Leadership in Space"</a>. SpaceRef. January 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama%27s+Plan+For+American+Leadership+in+Space&rft.pub=SpaceRef&rft.date=2008-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceref.com%2Fnews%2Fviewsr.html%3Fpid%3D26647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
263</li>
264<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Peterson, Patrick (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/5700-sen-barack-obama-pledges-space-advocacy.html">"Sen. Barack Obama Pledges Space Advocacy"</a>. <i>Florida Today</i>. <a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=Sen.+Barack+Obama+Pledges+Space+Advocacy&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F5700-sen-barack-obama-pledges-space-advocacy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
265</li>
266<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028022423/http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/policy/Space_Fact_Sheet_FINAL.pdf">"Advancing the frontiers of space exploration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Obama for America. August 15, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barackobama.com/pdf/policy/Space_Fact_Sheet_FINAL.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advancing+the+frontiers+of+space+exploration&rft.pub=Obama+for+America&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barackobama.com%2Fpdf%2Fpolicy%2FSpace_Fact_Sheet_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
267</li>
268<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Berger, Brian (November 10, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/6083-heels-campaign-promises-obama-faces-big-nasa-decisions.html">"On Heels of Campaign Promises, Obama Faces Big NASA Decisions"</a>. <i>Space News</i>. Space.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space+News&rft.atitle=On+Heels+of+Campaign+Promises%2C+Obama+Faces+Big+NASA+Decisions&rft.date=2008-11-10&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F6083-heels-campaign-promises-obama-faces-big-nasa-decisions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
269</li>
270<li id="cite_note-ostp090507-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ostp090507_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ostp.gov/galleries/press_release_files/NASA%20Review.pdf">"U.S. Announces Review of Human Space Flight Plans"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a>. May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Announces+Review+of+Human+Space+Flight+Plans&rft.pub=Office+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ostp.gov%2Fgalleries%2Fpress_release_files%2FNASA%2520Review.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
271</li>
272<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2009/06/08/NASA-launches-another-Web-site/UPI-78541244470860/">"NASA launches another Web site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. June 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+launches+another+Web+site&rft.pub=United+Press+International&rft.date=2009-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FScience_News%2F2009%2F06%2F08%2FNASA-launches-another-Web-site%2FUPI-78541244470860%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
273</li>
274<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Bonilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Bonilla (page does not exist)">Bonilla, Dennis</a> (September 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/offices/hsf/home/index.html">"Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+U.S.+Human+Space+Flight+Plans+Committee&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.aulast=Bonilla&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Foffices%2Fhsf%2Fhome%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
275</li>
276<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html">Sciencemag – No to NASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513130114/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html">Archived</a> May 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span>
277</li>
278<li id="cite_note-NPR-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stencel, Mark (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126023150">"NASA's Flight Plan Gets Small Course Corrections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Flight+Plan+Gets+Small+Course+Corrections&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.aulast=Stencel&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D126023150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
279</li>
280<li id="cite_note-Committee_Final_Report-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Committee_Final_Report_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee; Augustine; Austin; Chyba; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/396093main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport.pdf">"Seeking A Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of A Great Nation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Final Report</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Final+Report&rft.atitle=Seeking+A+Human+Spaceflight+Program+Worthy+of+A+Great+Nation&rft.au=Review+of+U.S.+Human+Space+Flight+Plans+Committee&rft.au=Augustine&rft.au=Austin&rft.au=Chyba&rft.au=Kennel&rft.au=Bejmuk&rft.au=Crawley&rft.au=Lyles&rft.au=Chiao&rft.au=Greason&rft.au=Ride&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F396093main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
281</li>
282<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/news/media/trans/obama_ksc_trans.html">President Barack Obama on Space Exploration in the 21st Century</a></span>
283</li>
284<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition22/keys_to_station_feature.html">"NASA Receives 'Keys' to International Space Station from Boeing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. March 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2010</span>. <q>The football field-sized outpost is now 90 percent complete by mass, and 98 percent complete by internal volume. Supporting a multicultural crew of six, the station has a mass of almost 400 tons and more than 12,000 cubic feet of living space.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Receives+%27Keys%27+to+International+Space+Station+from+Boeing&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fstation%2Fexpeditions%2Fexpedition22%2Fkeys_to_station_feature.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
285</li>
286<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk, Elon</a> (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacex.com/press/2012/12/19/long-last-inspiring-future-space-exploration">"At long last, an inspiring future for space exploration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+long+last%2C+an+inspiring+future+for+space+exploration&rft.pub=SpaceX&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.au=Musk%2C+Elon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacex.com%2Fpress%2F2012%2F12%2F19%2Flong-last-inspiring-future-space-exploration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
287</li>
288<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease"><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Aldrin, Buzz</a> (February 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/ostp/press_release_files/Buzz%20Aldrin%20Statement.pdf">"Statement from Buzz Aldrin: A New Direction in Space"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+from+Buzz+Aldrin%3A+A+New+Direction+in+Space&rft.pub=Office+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.au=Aldrin%2C+Buzz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fostp%2Fpress_release_files%2FBuzz%2520Aldrin%2520Statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
289</li>
290<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilianmilitaryintelligencegroup.com/3778/neil-armstrong-writes-a-letter-to-obama-one-that-perhaps-we-should-all-read">Civilian Military Intelligence Group</a> Neil Armstrong Writes A Letter To Obama. One That Perhaps We Should All Read, by Daniel Russ on April 14, 2010</span>
291</li>
292<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/commentaries/100425-dont-forsake-leadership-space.html">Space News</a>, Don't Forsake U.S. Leadership in Space, 04/25/10, By Frank Wolf</span>
293</li>
294<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2010/04/obama-to-talk-nasa-policy-after-criticism-by-neil-armstrong/1#.T_JoHZH3Kus">USA Today</a>, Apr 14, 2010, Obama's NASA policy: The White House vs. Neil Armstrong, By David Jackson of USA TODAY</span>
295</li>
296<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marssociety.org/portal/obamas-failure-to-launch/">Obama's Failure to Launch</a>, By Robert Zubrin, Monday, April 19, 2010, 4:00 am</span>
297</li>
298<li id="cite_note-Signing-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signing_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacenews.com/policy/101011-obama-signs-nasa-bill.html">"NASA has New Authorization but Future Remains Uncertain"</a>. Space News. October 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+has+New+Authorization+but+Future+Remains+Uncertain&rft.pub=Space+News&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacenews.com%2Fpolicy%2F101011-obama-signs-nasa-bill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
299</li>
300<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (April 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/04/nasa-science-budget-holds-steady.html">"NASA Science Budget Holds Steady"</a>. <i>ScienceInsider</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceInsider&rft.atitle=NASA+Science+Budget+Holds+Steady&rft.date=2011-04-12&rft.aulast=Bhattacharjee&rft.aufirst=Yudhijit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fscienceinsider%2F2011%2F04%2Fnasa-science-budget-holds-steady.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
301</li>
302<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/24157-obama-legacy-in-planetary-exploration.html">"The Obama Legacy in Planetary Exploration"</a>. <i>space.com</i>. 2014-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=space.com&rft.atitle=The+Obama+Legacy+in+Planetary+Exploration&rft.date=2014-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F24157-obama-legacy-in-planetary-exploration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
303</li>
304<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ferster, Warren; Leone, Dan (January 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/38995white-house-endorses-4-year-space-station-extension/">"White House Endorses 4-year Space Station Extension"</a>. SpaceNews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+House+Endorses+4-year+Space+Station+Extension&rft.pub=SpaceNews.com&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft.aulast=Ferster&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.au=Leone%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2F38995white-house-endorses-4-year-space-station-extension%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpace+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span>
305</li>
306</ol></div>
307<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
308<ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="15" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_on_Space_Exploration_in_the_21st_Century" class="extiw" title="wikisource:President Barack Obama on Space Exploration in the 21st Century">President Barack Obama on Space Exploration in the 21st Century</a> at Wikisource</li>
309<li>* <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=12792186">Video of speech</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anon.nasa-global.edgesuite.net/HD_downloads/obama_speech720.mp4">HD</a></li>
310<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/news/media/trans/obama_ksc_trans.html">Speech transcript at NASA.gov</a></li>
311<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/4/16/nasa">Obama’s New Space Exploration Plan Includes Major Role for Private Firms</a> – video report by <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li></ul>
312<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:NASA_space_program&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
313<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> <small>(1915)</small></li>
314<li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <small>(1958)</small></li>
315<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> <small>(1958)</small></li>
316<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> <small>(1986)</small></li>
317<li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> <small>(1986)</small></li>
318<li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> <small>(1987)</small></li>
319<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> <small>(1989)</small></li>
320<li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Space_Program" title="Advisory Committee on the Future of the United States Space Program">Augustine</a> <small>(1990)</small></li>
321<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> <small>(1996)</small></li>
322<li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> <small>(2002)</small></li>
323<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> <small>(2003)</small></li>
324<li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> <small>(2004)</small></li>
325<li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> <small>(2004)</small></li>
326<li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> <small>(2009)</small></li></ul>
327</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
328<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li>
329<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Administrators_and_Deputy_Administrators_of_NASA" title="List of Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li>
330<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li>
331<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a></li>
332<li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li>
333<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spin-off_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spin-off technologies">Spin-off technologies</a></li>
334<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li>
335<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li>
336<li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li>
337<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li>
338<li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>
339<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li>
340<li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li>
341<li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li></ul></li>
342<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>
343<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li>
344<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li></ul>
345</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="NASA logo.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/70px-NASA_logo.svg.png" width="70" height="59" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/105px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/140px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
346<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li>
347<li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li>
348<li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li>
349<li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li>
350<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798_program" title="Mars Surveyor '98 program">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li>
351<li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li>
352<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li>
353<li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li>
354<li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li>
355<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li>
356<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li>
357<li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li>
358<li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li>
359<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout</a></li></ul>
360</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
361<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li>
362<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li>
363<li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li>
364<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li>
365<li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorers program">Explorer</a></li>
366<li><a href="/wiki/Small_Explorer_program" title="Small Explorer program">Small explorer</a></li>
367<li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li>
368<li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li>
369<li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li>
370<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul>
371</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
372<ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</small></li>
373<li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li>
374<li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li>
375<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li>
376<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> <small>(with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</small></li>
377<li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li>
378<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li>
379<li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_Program" title="Shuttle–Mir Program">Shuttle–Mir</a> <small>(with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</small></li>
380<li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul>
381</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
382<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a></li>
383<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a> (COTS)</li>
384<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew Development</a> (CCDev)</li>
385<li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li></ul>
386</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br /><small>(human and robotic)</small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
387<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li>
388<li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li>
389<li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li>
390<li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li>
391<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li>
392<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li>
393<li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)"><i>Galileo</i></a></li>
394<li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li>
395<li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory">GRAIL</a></li>
396<li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li>
397<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li>
398<li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li>
399<li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li>
400<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">LADEE</a></li>
401<li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li>
402<li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li>
403<li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li>
404<li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li>
405<li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(spacecraft)" title="Kepler (spacecraft)"><i>Kepler</i></a></li></ul>
406</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
407<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li>
408<li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li>
409<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li>
410<li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li>
411<li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
412<li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></li>
413<li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li>
414<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li>
415<li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li>
416<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li>
417<li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a>
418<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
419<li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a>
420<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_seen_by_Opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of surface features of Mars seen by Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li>
421<li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li>
422<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li>
423<li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li>
424<li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li>
425<li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a></li>
426<li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li>
427<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a>
428<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
429<li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li>
430<li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li>
431<li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li>
432<li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li>
433<li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li>
434<li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li>
435<li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li>
436<li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li></ul>
437</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
438<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Polar_Satellite_System" title="Joint Polar Satellite System">JPSS</a></li>
439<li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a></li>
440<li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Survey_Telescope" title="Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope">WFIRST</a></li>
441<li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li>
442<li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li>
443<li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li>
444<li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul>
445</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
446<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li>
447<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li>
448<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li>
449<li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li>
450<li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li>
451<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li>
452<li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul>
453</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
454<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a>
455<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li>
456<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li>
457<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li></ul></li>
458<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">List of NASA aircraft</a></li>
459<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">List of NASA missions</a>
460<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_NASA_missions" title="Unmanned NASA missions">unmanned missions</a></li></ul></li>
461<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_contractors" title="List of NASA contractors">List of NASA contractors</a></li>
462<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_rockets" title="List of United States rockets">List of United States rockets</a></li>
463<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">List of NASA cancellations</a></li>
464<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">List of Space Shuttle missions</a>
465<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">crews</a></li></ul></li></ul>
466</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
467<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li>
468<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li>
469<li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i>
470<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li>
471<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li>
472<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li>
473<li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li>
474<li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></li>
475<li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li>
476<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li>
477<li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li>
478<li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li>
479<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li>
480<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li>
481<li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li></ul>
482</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div>
483<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA">Category</a></li></ul>
484</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
485<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Barack_Obama&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_44th_President_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)&#10;*_U.S._Senator_from_Illinois_(2005–2008)&#10;*_Illinois_Senator_from_the_13th_district_(1997–2004)">
486<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of Presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</span></li>
487<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States Senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</span></li>
488<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</span></li></ul>
489</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
490<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></span></li>
491<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></span></li>
492<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></span></li>
493<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></span></li>
494<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a></span>
495<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></span></li>
496<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic</a></span></li>
497<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a></span></li>
498<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></span></li>
499<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></span></li>
500<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Space</a></span></li></ul></li>
501<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></span></li>
502<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></span></li></ul>
503</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/100px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg" width="100" height="130" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/200px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1739" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
504<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></span></li>
505<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></span></li>
506<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></span></li>
507<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Barack_Obama%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency">First 100 days</a></span></li>
508<li><span class="nowrap">Timeline</span>
509<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></span></li>
510<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></span></li>
511<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></span></li>
512<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></span></li>
513<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></span></li>
514<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></span></li>
515<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></span></li>
516<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2016)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2016)">2016</a></span></li>
517<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_presidency_of_Barack_Obama_(2017)" title="Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2017)">January 2017</a></span></li></ul></li>
518<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a></span>
519<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a></span></li>
520<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Iraq" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq">Iraq withdrawal</a></span></li>
521<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">Death of Osama bin Laden</a></span></li>
522<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal</a></span></li>
523<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></span></li>
524<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></span></li></ul></li>
525<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Health Care reform</a></span></li>
526<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></span></li>
527<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></span></li>
528<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></span></li>
529<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a></span>
530<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></span></li>
531<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2009" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2009">2009</a></span></li>
532<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2010" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2010">2010</a></span></li>
533<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2011" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2011">2011</a></span></li>
534<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2012" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2012">2012</a></span></li>
535<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2013" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2013">2013</a></span></li>
536<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2014" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2014">2014</a></span></li>
537<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2015" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2015">2015</a></span></li>
538<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_during_2016" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2016">2016</a></span></li></ul></li>
539<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a></span>
540<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></span></li>
541<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li>
542<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama#Cabinet_appointees" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></span></li>
543<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></span></li></ul>
544</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
545<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father"><i>Dreams from My Father</i> (1995)</a></span></li>
546<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope"><i>The Audacity of Hope</i> (2006)</a></span></li>
547<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)"><i>Of Thee I Sing</i> (2010)</a></span></li></ul>
548</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
549<ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</span></li>
550<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</span></li>
551<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</span></li>
552<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_election_victory_speech,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama election victory speech, 2008">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</span></li>
553<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</span></li>
554<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress,_February_2009" title="Barack Obama speech to joint session of Congress, February 2009">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</span></li>
555<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning" title="A New Beginning">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</span></li>
556<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress,_September_2009" title="Barack Obama speech to joint session of Congress, September 2009">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</span></li>
557<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union address</a></span>
558<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></span></li>
559<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></span></li>
560<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></span></li>
561<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></span></li>
562<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></span></li>
563<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></span></li>
564<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></span></li></ul></li>
565<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</span></li>
566<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</span></li>
567<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</span></li>
568<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</span></li>
569<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</span></li></ul>
570</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
571<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">Illinois State Senate election, 1996, 1998, 2002</a></span></li>
572<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois's 1st congressional district election, 2000">Illinois's 1st congressional district election, 2000</a></span></li>
573<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Illinois, 2004">United States Senate election, 2004</a></span></li>
574<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2008">Democratic presidential primaries, 2008</a></span></li>
575<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012">2012</a></span>
576<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_primary_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008">Obama primary campaign, 2008</a></span></li></ul></li>
577<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention, 2008</a></span></li>
578<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012</a></span></li>
579<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008">Presidential campaign, 2008</a></span>
580<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign_endorsements,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Barack Obama presidential campaign endorsements, 2008">endorsements</a></span></li>
581<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></span></li></ul></li>
582<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 2008">Presidential election, 2008</a></span></li>
583<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012">Presidential campaign, 2012</a></span>
584<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign_endorsements,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Barack Obama presidential campaign endorsements, 2012">endorsements</a></span></li></ul></li>
585<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 2012">Presidential election, 2012</a></span>
586<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the United States presidential election, 2012">international reactions</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
587</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
588<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</span></li>
589<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</span></li>
590<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</span></li>
591<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (step-father)</span></li>
592<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</span></li>
593<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</span></li>
594<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</span></li>
595<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marian_Shields_Robinson" title="Marian Shields Robinson">Marian Shields Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</span></li>
596<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</span></li>
597<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</span></li>
598<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</span></li></ul>
599</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and <br /> political events</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
600<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></span></li>
601<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a></span>
602<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></span></li>
603<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_eligibility_legislation" title="United States presidential eligibility legislation">legislation</a></span></li></ul></li>
604<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></span></li>
605<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></span></li>
606<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></span></li>
607<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></span></li>
608<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_threats_against_Barack_Obama" title="Assassination threats against Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a></span>
609<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></span></li>
610<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></span></li></ul></li>
611<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></span></li>
612<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></span></li>
613<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></i></span></li>
614<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></span></li>
615<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></span></li>
616<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></span></li>
617<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></span></li>
618<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates-Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></span></li>
619<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></span></li>
620<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></span></li></ul>
621</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
622<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></span></li>
623<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></i></span></li>
624<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></i></span></li>
625<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(book)" title="Redemption Song (book)">Redemption Song</a></i></span></li>
626<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></i></span></li>
627<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></i></span></li>
628<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></i></span></li>
629<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(book)" title="Catastrophe (book)">Catastrophe</a></i></span></li>
630<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></i></span></li>
631<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(book)" title="The Speech (book)">The Speech</a></i></span></li>
632<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></i></span></li>
633<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></i></span></li>
634<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></i></span></li>
635<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></i></span></li></ul>
636</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
637<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a></span>
638<ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</span></li></ul></li>
639<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</span></li>
640<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a></span>
641<ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</span></li>
642<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_Ones" title="We Are the Ones">We Are the Ones</a>"</span></li></ul></li>
643<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</span></li>
644<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="SÃ Se Puede Cambiar">SÃ Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</span></li>
645<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</span></li>
646<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</span></li>
647<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</span></li>
648<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></i></span></li>
649<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></i></span></li>
650<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</span></li>
651<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></i></span></li>
652<li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</span></li></ul>
653</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
654<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a></i> (2009)</span></li>
655<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a></i> (2010)</span></li>
656<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a></i> (2012)</span></li>
657<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a></i> (2012)</span></li>
658<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a></i> (2016)</span></li>
659<li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a></i> (2016)</span></li></ul>
660</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
661<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_social_media" title="Barack Obama on social media">On social media</a></span></li>
662<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></span></li>
663<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></span></li>
664<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></span></li>
665<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)"><i>Situation Room</i></a></span></li>
666<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></span></li>
667<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></span></li></ul>
668</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
669<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></span></li>
670<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></span></li>
671<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></span></li>
672<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></span></li></ul>
673</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
674<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">↠George W. Bush</a></b></span></li>
675<li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></b></span></li></ul>
676<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Book:Barack_Obama" title="Book:Barack Obama">Book</a></b></span></li>
677<li><span class="nowrap"><b><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></b></span></li>
678<li><span class="nowrap"><b><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Barack_Obama" title="Portal:Barack Obama">Portal</a></b></span></li></ul>
679</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
680<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_policy_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_policy" title="Template:United States policy"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_policy" title="Template talk:United States policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:United_States_policy&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_policy_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
681<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">Agricultural</a></li>
682<li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Arctic policy of the United States">Arctic</a></li>
683<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Climate change policy of the United States">Climate change</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a>)</small></li>
684<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domestic_policy_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domestic policy of the United States (page does not exist)">Domestic</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a>)</small></li>
685<li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy of the United States">Drug</a></li>
686<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_policy_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic policy of the United States (page does not exist)">Economic</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policy of Barack Obama">Obama</a>)</small></li>
687<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of the Obama administration">Obama</a>)</small></li>
688<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental</a></li>
689<li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Fiscal policy of the United States">Fiscal</a></li>
690<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_U.S._foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of U.S. foreign policy">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_American_foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of American foreign policy">Criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration">Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration">G. H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Trump</a>)</small></li>
691<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_control_policy_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gun control policy of the United States (page does not exist)">Gun control</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Gun_control_policy_of_the_Clinton_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun control policy of the Clinton Administration">Clinton</a>)</small></li>
692<li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_radioactive_waste_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Low-level radioactive waste policy of the United States">Low-level radioactive waste</a></li>
693<li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary</a></li>
694<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Native_American_policy_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Native American policy of the United States (page does not exist)">Native American</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Native_American_policy_of_the_Nixon_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American policy of the Nixon Administration">Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Policy_of_the_Obama_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Policy of the Obama Administration">Obama</a>)</small></li>
695<li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear energy policy of the United States">Nuclear energy</a></li>
696<li><a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">Science</a></li>
697<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_policy_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social policy of the United States (page does not exist)">Social</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_social_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama social policy">Obama</a>)</small></li>
698<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Space</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">G. W. Bush</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Obama</a>)</small></li>
699<li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States">Stem cell</a></li>
700<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications policy of the United States">Telecommunications</a></li>
701<li><a href="/wiki/Trade_policy_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade policy of the United States">Trade</a></li>
702<li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Visa policy of the United States">Visa</a></li></ul>
703</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
704
705<!--
706NewPP limit report
707Parsed by mw1269
708Cached time: 20181207083331
709Cache expiry: 1900800
710Dynamic content: false
711CPU time usage: 0.576 seconds
712Real time usage: 0.760 seconds
713Preprocessor visited node count: 2458/1000000
714Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000
715Postâ€expand include size: 227099/2097152 bytes
716Template argument size: 13962/2097152 bytes
717Highest expansion depth: 14/40
718Expensive parser function count: 9/500
719Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20
720Unstrip postâ€expand size: 57061/5000000 bytes
721Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400
722Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds
723Lua memory usage: 4.23 MB/50 MB
724-->
725<!--
726Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
727100.00% 487.060 1 -total
728 44.37% 216.119 1 Template:Reflist
729 20.02% 97.514 9 Template:Navbox
730 17.68% 86.123 4 Template:Cite_news
731 14.77% 71.930 14 Template:Cite_web
732 14.65% 71.330 1 Template:Barack_Obama_sidebar
733 13.24% 64.486 1 Template:Sidebar/US_President
734 11.84% 57.647 1 Template:Sidebar_person
735 10.60% 51.618 1 Template:Sidebar
736 9.60% 46.737 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates
737-->
738
739<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26970135-0!canonical and timestamp 20181207083331 and revision id 854382678
740 -->
741</div><noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter">
742 Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&oldid=854382678">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&oldid=854382678</a>" </div>
743 <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010_in_spaceflight" title="Category:2010 in spaceflight">2010 in spaceflight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010_speeches" title="Category:2010 speeches">2010 speeches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Speeches_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Speeches by Barack Obama">Speeches by Barack Obama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_policy_of_the_Obama_administration" title="Category:Public policy of the Obama administration">Public policy of the Obama administration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NASA_oversight" title="Category:NASA oversight">NASA oversight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010_in_American_politics" title="Category:2010 in American politics">2010 in American politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Space policy of the United States">Space policy of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010_in_Florida" title="Category:2010 in Florida">2010 in Florida</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2012" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2012">Use mdy dates from May 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div>
744 </div>
745 </div>
746 <div id="mw-navigation">
747 <h2>Navigation menu</h2>
748 <div id="mw-head">
749 <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
750 <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>
751 <ul>
752 <li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Space+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Space+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul>
753 </div>
754 <div id="left-navigation">
755 <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
756 <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3>
757 <ul>
758 <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li><li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="/wiki/Talk:Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></span></li> </ul>
759 </div>
760 <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
761 <input type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" />
762 <h3 id="p-variants-label">
763 <span>Variants</span>
764 </h3>
765 <ul class="menu">
766 </ul>
767 </div>
768 </div>
769 <div id="right-navigation">
770 <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
771 <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3>
772 <ul>
773 <li id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration">Read</a></span></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li><li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li> </ul>
774 </div>
775 <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
776 <input type="checkbox" class="vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" />
777 <h3 id="p-cactions-label"><span>More</span></h3>
778 <ul class="menu">
779 </ul>
780 </div>
781 <div id="p-search" role="search">
782 <h3>
783 <label for="searchInput">Search</label>
784 </h3>
785 <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
786 <div id="simpleSearch">
787 <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div>
788 </form>
789 </div>
790 </div>
791 </div>
792 <div id="mw-panel">
793 <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div>
794 <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
795 <h3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</h3>
796 <div class="body">
797 <ul>
798 <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li><li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-shoplink"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</a></li> </ul>
799 </div>
800 </div>
801 <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
802 <h3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</h3>
803 <div class="body">
804 <ul>
805 <li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-contactpage"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</a></li> </ul>
806 </div>
807 </div>
808 <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
809 <h3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</h3>
810 <div class="body">
811 <ul>
812 <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&oldid=854382678" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-wikibase"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7572611" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&id=854382678" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul>
813 </div>
814 </div>
815 <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
816 <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</h3>
817 <div class="body">
818 <ul>
819 <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Space+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Space+policy+of+the+Barack+Obama+administration&action=show-download-screen">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul>
820 </div>
821 </div>
822 <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label">
823 <h3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</h3>
824 <div class="body">
825 <ul>
826 </ul>
827 <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7572611#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div>
828 </div>
829 </div>
830 </div>
831 <div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
832 <ul id="footer-info">
833 <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 August 2018, at 23:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li>
834 <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;
835additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>
836 </ul>
837 <ul id="footer-places">
838 <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
839 <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li>
840 <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
841 <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>
842 <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li>
843 <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li>
844 <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li>
845 </ul>
846 <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
847 <li id="footer-copyrightico">
848 <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a> </li>
849 <li id="footer-poweredbyico">
850 <a href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> </li>
851 </ul>
852 <div style="clear: both;"></div>
853 </div>
854
855<script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.576","walltime":"0.760","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2458,"limit":1000000},"ppgeneratednodes":{"value":0,"limit":1500000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":227099,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13962,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":57061,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 487.060 1 -total"," 44.37% 216.119 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.02% 97.514 9 Template:Navbox"," 17.68% 86.123 4 Template:Cite_news"," 14.77% 71.930 14 Template:Cite_web"," 14.65% 71.330 1 Template:Barack_Obama_sidebar"," 13.24% 64.486 1 Template:Sidebar/US_President"," 11.84% 57.647 1 Template:Sidebar_person"," 10.60% 51.618 1 Template:Sidebar"," 9.60% 46.737 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.215","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4431867,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw1269","timestamp":"20181207083331","ttl":1900800,"transientcontent":false}}});mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":124,"wgHostname":"mw1330"});});</script>
856 </body>
857</html>